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Context: Ireland

Context: what kind of storm it is?

Context: Tropical cyclone

Context: and what is meant by this cyclone?

Context: Low Pressure

Context: how was its status in uk?

Context: did it cause any damage?

Context: Yes on 1 May 1169

Context: by whom?

Context: and did it face any partition?

Context: Yes.In December 1921

Context: what is the second mentioned spot?

Context: is there any building situated there?

Context: Rock of Cashel was built in 5th Century

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Context: which are its notable ones?

Context: Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Katrina

Question: where is the latter generally occurs?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Tropical cyclones that cause extreme destruction are rare, although when they occur, they can cause great amounts of damage or thousands of fatalities. The 1970 Bhola cyclone is considered to be the deadliest tropical cyclone on record, which killed around 300,000 people, after striking the densely populated Ganges Delta region of Bangladesh on November 13, 1970. Its powerful storm surge was responsible for the high death toll. The North Indian cyclone basin has historically been the deadliest basin. Elsewhere, Typhoon Nina killed nearly 100,000 in China in 1975 due to a 100-year flood that caused 62 dams including the Banqiao Dam to fail.


Context: when was the last time ireland experienced a hurricane

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Context: where did this hurricane make its landfall?

Context: Ireland

Context: what kind of storm it is?

Context: Tropical cyclone

Context: and what is meant by this cyclone?

Context: It is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls

Context: what was the wind speed of this hurricane?

Context: Low Pressure

Context: how was its status in uk?

Context: After passing through Ireland, the storm brought strong winds and heavy rain to parts of Scotland and Wales, resulting in some damage and flooding in the region

Context: did it cause any damage?

Context: The winds downed  trees and more than 1,000 telephone lines across the region, major rail lines were suspended,An estimated 200 homes and two churches in Strabane were damaged to name a few

Context: the place where it made its landfall; was it invaded by anyone?

Context: Yes on 1 May 1169

Context: by whom?

Context: By Cambro-Norman knights led by Richard de Clare

Context: and did it face any partition?

Context: Yes.In December 1921

Context: what are some of the tourist spots here?

Context: Bunratty Castle, the Rock of Cashel, the Cliffs of Moher, Holy Cross Abbey and Blarney Castle to name a few

Context: what is the second mentioned spot?

Context: It is a historic site located at Cashel, County Tipperary, Ireland.

Context: is there any building situated there?

Context: Yes. is a historic site located at Cashel, County Tipperary, Ireland.

Context: when was the above mentioned abbey built?

Context: Rock of Cashel was built in 5th Century

Context: you have mentioned about a kind of cyclone above; can you tell me any factor why it occurs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which time of the year does it makes its fall?

Context: In the Northern Atlantic Ocean occurs from June 1 to November 30,in the Northwest Pacific occurs in February and March, in the North Indian basin occurs  from April to December, in the Southern Hemisphere it begins on July 1 and runs all year-round

Context: which are its notable ones?

Context: Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Katrina

Context: where is the latter generally occurs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is there any code by which the tropical ones are identified?

Answer: yes, identification code

Explanation: Tropical cyclones that develop around the world are assigned an identification code consisting of a two-digit number and suffix letter by the warning centers that monitor them. These codes start at 01 every year and are assigned in order to systems, which have the potential to develop further, cause significant impact to life and property or when the warning centers start to write advisories on the system.

Tropical cyclone [SEP] Identification codes


Question: what is clathrus columnatus?

Answer: A saprobic species of basidiomycete fungus in the family Phallaceae.

Clathrus columnatus [SEP] Introduction

Clathrus columnatus, commonly known as the column stinkhorn, is a saprobic species of basidiomycete fungus in the family Phallaceae. It has a widespread distribution, and has been found in Africa, Australasia, and the Americas. It may have been introduced to North America with exotic plants. Similar to other stinkhorn fungi, the fruiting body, known as the "receptaculum", starts out as a subterranean "egg" form. As the fungus develops, the receptaculum expands and erupts out of the protective volva, ultimately developing into mature structures characterized by two to five long vertical orange or red spongy columns, joined together at the apex.


Context: what is clathrus columnatus?

Context: A saprobic species of basidiomycete fungus in the family Phallaceae.

Question: where is it mostly found?

Answer: Africa, Australasia, and the America

Explanation: . It has a widespread distribution, and has been found in Africa, Australasia, and the Americas.

Clathrus columnatus [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is clathrus columnatus?

Context: where is it mostly found?

Context: Africa, Australasia, and the America

Question: how tall can these fungi grow?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Clathrus columnatus [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is clathrus columnatus?

Context: where is it mostly found?

Context: Africa, Australasia, and the America

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Question: how do these fungi reproduce?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Clathrus columnatus [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is clathrus columnatus?

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Context: Africa, Australasia, and the America

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Question: can you tell me one characteristic of a fungus?

Answer: Like plants, fungi often grow in soil and, in the case of mushrooms, form conspicuous fruit bodies, which sometimes resemble plants such as mosses

Fungus [SEP] Characteristics

Before the introduction of molecular methods for phylogenetic analysis, taxonomists considered fungi to be members of the plant kingdom because of similarities in lifestyle: both fungi and plants are mainly immobile, and have similarities in general morphology and growth habitat. Like plants, fungi often grow in soil and, in the case of mushrooms, form conspicuous fruit bodies, which sometimes resemble plants such as mosses. The fungi are now considered a separate kingdom, distinct from both plants and animals, from which they appear to have diverged around one billion years ago (around the start of the Neoproterozoic Era). Some morphological, biochemical, and genetic features are shared with other organisms, while others are unique to the fungi, clearly separating them from the other kingdoms: Shared features: Unique features: Most fungi lack an efficient system for the long-distance transport of water and nutrients, such as the xylem and phloem in many plants.


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Context: Africa, Australasia, and the America

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Context: can you tell me one characteristic of a fungus?

Context: Like plants, fungi often grow in soil and, in the case of mushrooms, form conspicuous fruit bodies, which sometimes resemble plants such as mosses

Question: what kind of a structure do fungi have?

Answer: Microscopic structures and Macroscopic structures

Fungus [SEP] Microscopic structures

Most fungi grow as hyphae, which are cylindrical, thread-like structures 2–10µm in diameter and up to several centimeters in length. Hyphae grow at their tips (apices); new hyphae are typically formed by emergence of new tips along existing hyphae by a process called "branching", or occasionally growing hyphal tips fork, giving rise to two parallel-growing hyphae. Hyphae also sometimes fuse when they come into contact, a process called hyphal fusion (or anastomosis). These growth processes lead to the development of a mycelium, an interconnected network of hyphae. Hyphae can be either septate or coenocytic. Septate hyphae are divided into compartments separated by cross walls (internal cell walls, called septa, that are formed at right angles to the cell wall giving the hypha its shape), with each compartment containing one or more nuclei; coenocytic hyphae are not compartmentalized.


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Context: where is it mostly found?

Context: Africa, Australasia, and the America

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Context: what kind of a structure do fungi have?

Context: Microscopic structures and Macroscopic structures

Question: are there different types of reproduction of a fungi?

Answer: Yes, sexual and asexual reproduction.

Fungus [SEP] Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction occurs via vegetative spores (conidia) or through mycelial fragmentation. Mycelial fragmentation occurs when a fungal mycelium separates into pieces, and each component grows into a separate mycelium. Mycelial fragmentation and vegetative spores maintain clonal populations adapted to a specific niche, and allow more rapid dispersal than sexual reproduction. The "Fungi imperfecti" (fungi lacking the perfect or sexual stage) or Deuteromycota comprise all the species that lack an observable sexual cycle. Deuteromycota is not an accepted taxonomic clade, and is now taken to mean simply fungi that lack a known sexual stage.


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Context: where is it mostly found?

Context: Africa, Australasia, and the America

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Context: what kind of a structure do fungi have?

Context: are there different types of reproduction of a fungi?

Context: Yes, sexual and asexual reproduction.

Question: what does the latter type of reproduction mean?

Answer: Sexual reproduction with meiosis has been directly observed in all fungal phyla except Glomeromycota

Fungus [SEP] Sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction with meiosis has been directly observed in all fungal phyla except Glomeromycota (genetic analysis suggests meiosis in Glomeromycota as well). It differs in many aspects from sexual reproduction in animals or plants. Differences also exist between fungal groups and can be used to discriminate species by morphological differences in sexual structures and reproductive strategies. Mating experiments between fungal isolates may identify species on the basis of biological species concepts. The major fungal groupings have initially been delineated based on the morphology of their sexual structures and spores; for example, the spore-containing structures, asci and basidia, can be used in the identification of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, respectively.


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Context: where is it mostly found?

Context: Africa, Australasia, and the America

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Context: Yes, sexual and asexual reproduction.

Context: what does the latter type of reproduction mean?

Context: Sexual reproduction with meiosis has been directly observed in all fungal phyla except Glomeromycota

Question: can you tell me some ways humans use fungi?

Answer: food preparation or preservation

Fungus [SEP] Human use

The human use of fungi for food preparation or preservation and other purposes is extensive and has a long history. Mushroom farming and mushroom gathering are large industries in many countries. The study of the historical uses and sociological impact of fungi is known as ethnomycology. Because of the capacity of this group to produce an enormous range of natural products with antimicrobial or other biological activities, many species have long been used or are being developed for industrial production of antibiotics, vitamins, and anti-cancer and cholesterol-lowering drugs. More recently, methods have been developed for genetic engineering of fungi, enabling metabolic engineering of fungal species.


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Context: where is it mostly found?

Context: Africa, Australasia, and the America

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Context: what kind of a structure do fungi have?

Context: Yes, sexual and asexual reproduction.

Context: can you tell me some ways humans use fungi?

Context: food preparation or preservation

Question: is the fungi columnatus edible?

Answer: No

Clathrus columnatus [SEP] Edibility

The words of William Gilson Farlow, published in 1890, serve as a warning to those who might be inclined to consume "Clathrus columnatus": "The odor of fully grown specimens of the order Phalloidea is so repulsive that the question as to their poisonous character when eaten by men has not often been the subject of experiment." Farlow described two cases of poisoning, one involving a young girl "who ate a small piece of the fungus, and was seized with violent convulsions followed by loss of speech and a deep sleep lasting 52 hours"; the other case involved hogs that ate the fungus found in patches in oak woods, and died 12–15 hours later.


Question: the climate of canada can best be described as __

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Climate [SEP] Introduction

Climate is the long-term average of weather, typically averaged over a period of 30 years. Some of the meteorological variables that are commonly measured are temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and precipitation. In a broader sense, climate is the state of the components of the climate system, which includes the ocean and ice on Earth. The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, terrain, and altitude, as well as nearby water bodies and their currents. More generally, the "climate" of a region is the general state of the climate system at that location at the current time. Climates can be classified according to the average and the typical ranges of different variables, most commonly temperature and precipitation.


Context: the climate of canada can best be described as __

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Question: what is climate?

Answer: It is the long-term average of weather, typically averaged over a period of 30 years.

Explanation: Climate is the long-term average of weather, typically averaged over a period of 30 years.

Climate [SEP] Introduction


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Context: what is climate?

Context: It is the long-term average of weather, typically averaged over a period of 30 years.

Question: are there models to represent this ?

Answer: Yes, these models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice.

Climate [SEP] Climate models

Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice. They are used for a variety of purposes; from the study of the dynamics of the weather and climate system, to projections of future climate. All climate models balance, or very nearly balance, incoming energy as short wave (including visible) electromagnetic radiation to the earth with outgoing energy as long wave (infrared) electromagnetic radiation from the earth. Any imbalance results in a change in the average temperature of the earth. The most talked-about applications of these models in recent years have been their use to infer the consequences of increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily carbon dioxide (see greenhouse gas).


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Context: what is climate?

Context: are there models to represent this ?

Context: Yes, these models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice.

Question: is this changing?

Answer: Yes, the Earth has undergone periodic climate shifts in the past, including four major ice ages.

Climate [SEP] Climate change

The UNFCCC uses "climate variability" for non-human caused variations. Earth has undergone periodic climate shifts in the past, including four major ice ages. These consisting of glacial periods where conditions are colder than normal, separated by interglacial periods. The accumulation of snow and ice during a glacial period increases the surface albedo, reflecting more of the Sun's energy into space and maintaining a lower atmospheric temperature. Increases in greenhouse gases, such as by volcanic activity, can increase the global temperature and produce an interglacial period. Suggested causes of ice age periods include the positions of the continents, variations in the Earth's orbit, changes in the solar output, and volcanism.


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Context: what is climate?

Context: are there models to represent this ?

Context: is this changing?

Context: Yes, the Earth has undergone periodic climate shifts in the past, including four major ice ages.

Question: how can these ages be defined?

Answer: This is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.

Ice age [SEP] Introduction

An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Earth's climate alternates between ice ages and greenhouse periods, during which there are no glaciers on the planet. Earth is currently in the Quaternary glaciation, known in popular terminology as the Ice Age. Individual pulses of cold climate within an ice age are termed "glacial periods" (or, alternatively, "glacials", "glaciations", "glacial stages", "stadials", "stades", or colloquially, "ice ages"), and intermittent warm periods within an ice age are called "interglacials" or "interstadials", with both climatic pulses part of the Quaternary or other periods in Earth's history.


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Context: is this changing?

Context: how can these ages be defined?

Context: This is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.

Question: what were a few of these major ages?

Answer: At least five major ones - the Huronian, Cryogenian, Andean-Saharan, late Paleozoic, and the latest Quaternary Ice Age

Ice age [SEP] Major ice ages

There have been at least five major ice ages in the Earth's history (the Huronian, Cryogenian, Andean-Saharan, late Paleozoic, and the latest Quaternary Ice Age). Outside these ages, the Earth seems to have been ice free even in high latitudes; such periods are known as greenhouse periods. Rocks from the earliest well established ice age, called the Huronian, formed around 2.4 to 2.1 Ga (billion years) ago during the early Proterozoic Eon. Several hundreds of km of the Huronian Supergroup are exposed 10–100 km north of the north shore of Lake Huron extending from near Sault Ste. Marie to Sudbury, northeast of Lake Huron, with giant layers of now-lithified till beds, dropstones, varves, outwash, and scoured basement rocks.


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Context: is this changing?

Context: how can these ages be defined?

Context: what were a few of these major ages?

Context: At least five major ones - the Huronian, Cryogenian, Andean-Saharan, late Paleozoic, and the latest Quaternary Ice Age

Question: are these ages affected by human activities?

Answer: Yes, there is considerable evidence that over the last 100–1000 years, the sharp increases in human activity, especially the burning of fossil fuels, has caused the parallel sharp and accelerating increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases which trap the sun's heat.

Ice age [SEP] Human-induced changes

There is considerable evidence that over the very recent period of the last 100–1000 years, the sharp increases in human activity, especially the burning of fossil fuels, has caused the parallel sharp and accelerating increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases which trap the sun's heat. The consensus theory of the scientific community is that the resulting greenhouse effect is a principal cause of the increase in global warming which has occurred over the same period, and a chief contributor to the accelerated melting of the remaining glaciers and polar ice. A 2012 investigation finds that dinosaurs released methane through digestion in a similar amount to humanity's current methane release, which "could have been a key factor" to the very warm climate 150 million years ago.


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Context: what were a few of these major ages?

Context: are these ages affected by human activities?

Context: Yes, there is considerable evidence that over the last 100–1000 years, the sharp increases in human activity, especially the burning of fossil fuels, has caused the parallel sharp and accelerating increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases which trap the sun's heat.

Question: how is it related to increase in altitude of plateaus?

Answer: Matthias Kuhle's geological theory of Ice Age development suggested the plate-tectonic uplift of Tibet past the snow-line has led to a surface of c. 2,400,000 square kilometres (930,000 sq mi) changing from bare land to ice with a 70% greater albedo.

Ice age [SEP] Uplift of the Tibetan plateau

Matthias Kuhle's geological theory of Ice Age development was suggested by the existence of an ice sheet covering the Tibetan Plateau during the Ice Ages (Last Glacial Maximum?). According to Kuhle, the plate-tectonic uplift of Tibet past the snow-line has led to a surface of c. 2,400,000 square kilometres (930,000 sq mi) changing from bare land to ice with a 70% greater albedo. The reflection of energy into space resulted in a global cooling, triggering the Pleistocene Ice Age. Because this highland is at a subtropical latitude, with 4 to 5 times the insolation of high-latitude areas, what would be Earth's strongest heating surface has turned into a cooling surface.


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Context: how is it related to increase in altitude of plateaus?

Context: Matthias Kuhle's geological theory of Ice Age development suggested the plate-tectonic uplift of Tibet past the snow-line has led to a surface of c. 2,400,000 square kilometres (930,000 sq mi) changing from bare land to ice with a 70% greater albedo.

Question: wo was this person?

Answer: He was a German geographer and professor at the University of Göttingen.

Matthias Kuhle [SEP] Introduction

Matthias Kuhle (20 April 1948 – 25 April 2015) was a German geographer and professor at the University of Göttingen. He edited the book series "Geography International" published by Shaker Verlag. Kuhle died on 25 April 2015 in a major earthquake in Nepal, five days after his 67th birthday.


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Context: He was a German geographer and professor at the University of Göttingen.

Question: what is the heritage of this place?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Matthias Kuhle [SEP] Introduction


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Question: where is it located?

Answer: Central Asia and East Asia

Tibetan Plateau [SEP] Introduction

The Tibetan Plateau (), also known in China as the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau or the Qing–Zang Plateau () or as the Himalayan Plateau in India, is a vast elevated plateau in Central Asia and East Asia, covering most of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Northwestern Yunnan, Western half of Sichuan, Southern Gansu and Qinghai provinces in Western China, Indian regions of Ladakh and Lahaul and Spiti (Himachal Pradesh) as well as Bhutan. It stretches approximately north to south and east to west. It is the world's highest and largest plateau, with an area of (about five times the size of Metropolitan France).


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Context: Central Asia and East Asia

Question: where is the university where the professor was a faculty in located?

Answer: Göttingen, Germany

University of Göttingen [SEP] Introduction

The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen, (, known informally as Georgia Augusta) is a public research university in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and starting classes in 1737, the Georgia Augusta was conceived to promote the ideals of the Enlightenment. It is the oldest university in the state of Lower Saxony and the largest in student enrollment, which stands at around 31,600. Home to many noted figures, it represents one of Germany's historic and traditional institutions. As of October 2020, 44 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the University of Göttingen as alumni, faculty members or researchers.


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Context: Central Asia and East Asia

Context: where is the university where the professor was a faculty in located?

Context: Göttingen, Germany

Question: is it a reputed university?

Answer: Yes, it ranks among global top 15.

University of Göttingen [SEP] Reputation and rankings

As of October 2019, the University of Göttingen is associated with 45 Nobel laureates. By this number alone, the University of Göttingen ranks among global top 15. The most recent Nobel laureates associated with the university are Stefan Hell (Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2014) and Thomas C. Südhof (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2013). Stefan Hell has been a lecturer (in Privatdozent capacity) at the University of Göttingen since 2004 and the director of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in the Göttingen Campus since 2002, while Thomas Südhof, currently a professor at Stanford University, worked on his doctoral thesis at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in the lab of British biochemist Victor P.


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Context: Central Asia and East Asia

Context: Göttingen, Germany

Context: is it a reputed university?

Context: Yes, it ranks among global top 15.

Question: when was it inaugurated?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Within the framework of the 2006–07 German Universities Excellence Initiative, it won funding for its future concept "Tradition, Innovation, Autonomy," its graduate school "Neurosciences and Molecular Biosciences," and its research cluster "Microscopy at the Nanometer Range." In the 2012 Excellence Initiative, Göttingen succeeded in obtaining funds for its graduate school "Neurosciences and Molecular Biosciences" and its research cluster "Microscopy at the Nanometer Range", but failed in its bid for future concept financing. In September 2018, Göttingen succeeded in gaining funds only for its research cluster "Multiscale Bioimaging", and failed in the other applications. Consequently, Göttingen would no longer be eligible for the fourth round of future concept financing across the country in 2019.


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Context: Central Asia and East Asia

Context: Göttingen, Germany

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Context: Yes, it ranks among global top 15.

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Question: are there any libraries?

Answer: Göttingen State and University Library

University of Göttingen [SEP] Library

Closely linked with the university is the Göttingen State and University Library (German: Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, or SUB Göttingen). With around 9 million media units and precious manuscripts, the library is designed for Göttingen University as well as the central library for the German State of Lower Saxony (with its central catalogue) and for the Göttingen Academy of Sciences, founded as the 'Royal Society for Sciences'.


Question: who negotiated the purchase of the area south of gila river

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Gadsden Purchase [SEP] Introduction

The Gadsden Purchase ( "The Sale of La Mesilla"), is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854. The purchase included lands south of the Gila River and west of the Rio Grande where the U.S. wanted to build a transcontinental railroad along a deep southern route, which the Southern Pacific Railroad later completed in 1881–1883. The purchase also aimed to resolve other border issues. The first draft was signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico, and by Antonio López de Santa Anna, president of Mexico.


Context: who negotiated the purchase of the area south of gila river

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Question: what is this purchase all about?

Answer: It is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla.

Explanation: The Gadsden Purchase ( "The Sale of La Mesilla"), is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854.

Gadsden Purchase [SEP] Introduction


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Context: what is this purchase all about?

Context: It is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla.

Question: how is it associated with the mesilla valley?

Answer: While determining the boundaries of the U.S. and Mexico, there was a disputed territory involved a few thousand square miles and about 3,000 residents; more significantly, which included the Mesilla Valley.

Explanation: The disputed territory involved a few thousand square miles and about 3,000 residents; more significantly, it included the Mesilla Valley.

Gadsden Purchase [SEP] Mesilla Valley

Southerners opposed this alternative because of its implication for the railroad, but President Fillmore supported it. Southerners in Congress prevented any action on the approval of this separate border treaty and eliminated further funding to survey the disputed borderland. Robert B. Campbell, a pro-railroad politician from Alabama, later replaced Bartlett. Mexico asserted that the commissioners' determinations were valid and prepared to send in troops to enforce the unratified agreement.


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Context: While determining the boundaries of the U.S. and Mexico, there was a disputed territory involved a few thousand square miles and about 3,000 residents; more significantly, which included the Mesilla Valley.

Question: what can you tell me about the education of the first country mentioned above?

Answer: American public education is operated by state and local governments and regulated by the United States Department of Education through restrictions on federal grants.

United States [SEP] Education

American public education is operated by state and local governments and regulated by the United States Department of Education through restrictions on federal grants. In most states, children are required to attend school from the age of six or seven (generally, kindergarten or first grade) until they turn 18 (generally bringing them through twelfth grade, the end of high school); some states allow students to leave school at 16 or 17. About 12% of children are enrolled in parochial or nonsectarian private schools. Just over 2% of children are homeschooled. The U.S. spends more on education per student than any nation in the world, spending an average of $12,794 per year on public elementary and secondary school students in the 2016–2017 school year.


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Context: what is this purchase all about?

Context: what can you tell me about the education of the first country mentioned above?

Context: American public education is operated by state and local governments and regulated by the United States Department of Education through restrictions on federal grants.

Question: were they associated with any war?

Answer: Yes, American Civil War, World War I, World War II and Cold War.

United States [SEP] Civil War and Reconstruction era

Irreconcilable sectional conflict regarding the slavery of Africans and African Americans ultimately led to the American Civil War. With the 1860 election of Republican Abraham Lincoln, conventions in thirteen slave states declared secession and formed the Confederate States of America (the "South" or the "Confederacy"), while the federal government (the "Union") maintained that secession was illegal. In order to bring about this secession, military action was initiated by the secessionists, and the Union responded in kind. The ensuing war would become the deadliest military conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of approximately 618,000 soldiers as well as many civilians.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this purchase all about?

Context: were they associated with any war?

Context: Yes, American Civil War, World War I, World War II and Cold War.

Question: what was the cause of the first war mentioned above?

Answer: It was a civil war fought between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to form the Confederate States of America.

American Civil War [SEP] Introduction

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States from 1861 to 1865, fought between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to form the Confederate States of America. The civil war began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people. War broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina just over a month after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North, which also included some geographically western and southern states, proclaimed support for the Constitution.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this purchase all about?

Context: were they associated with any war?

Context: what was the cause of the first war mentioned above?

Context: It was a civil war fought between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to form the Confederate States of America.

Question: when did this war take place?

Answer: 1861 to 1865

American Civil War [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this purchase all about?

Context: were they associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 1861 to 1865

Question: how did it impact the economy?

Answer: There was severe deterioration of food supplies, the failure of Southern railroads, the loss of control of the main rivers, foraging by Northern armies, and the seizure of animals and crops by Confederate armies.

American Civil War [SEP] Economic impact

The Southern economy nearly collapsed during the war. There were multiple reasons for this: the severe deterioration of food supplies, especially in cities, the failure of Southern railroads, the loss of control of the main rivers, foraging by Northern armies, and the seizure of animals and crops by Confederate armies. Most historians agree that the blockade was a major factor in ruining the Confederate economy; however, Wise argues that the blockade runners provided just enough of a lifeline to allow Lee to continue fighting for additional months, thanks to fresh supplies of 400,000 rifles, lead, blankets, and boots that the homefront economy could no longer supply.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this purchase all about?

Context: were they associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 1861 to 1865

Context: how did it impact the economy?

Context: There was severe deterioration of food supplies, the failure of Southern railroads, the loss of control of the main rivers, foraging by Northern armies, and the seizure of animals and crops by Confederate armies.

Question: what was the role of women here?

Answer: They served as soldiers during the war and also also served on the Union hospital ship "Red Rover" and nursed Union and Confederate troops at field hospitals.

American Civil War [SEP] Women

The number of women who served as soldiers during the war is estimated at between 400 and 750, although an accurate count is impossible because the women had to disguise themselves as men. Women also served on the Union hospital ship "Red Rover" and nursed Union and Confederate troops at field hospitals. Mary Edwards Walker, the only woman to ever receive the Medal of Honor, served in the Union Army and was given the medal for her efforts to treat the wounded during the war. Her name was deleted from the Army Medal of Honor Roll in 1917 (along with over 900 other, male MOH recipients); however, it was restored in 1977.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this purchase all about?

Context: were they associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 1861 to 1865

Context: how did it impact the economy?

Context: what was the role of women here?

Context: They served as soldiers during the war and also also served on the Union hospital ship "Red Rover" and nursed Union and Confederate troops at field hospitals.

Question: can you name anyone?

Answer: Mary Edwards Walker

Explanation: Mary Edwards Walker, the only woman to ever receive the Medal of Honor, served in the Union Army and was given the medal for her efforts to treat the wounded during the war.

American Civil War [SEP] Women


Question: who was the leader who wanted to unify germany (prussia)

Answer: William I.

William I, German Emperor [SEP] Introduction

William I or Wilhelm I (; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) of the House of Hohenzollern was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and the first German Emperor from 18 January 1871 to his death. William was the first head of state of a united Germany, and was also de facto head of state of Prussia from 1858 to 1861, serving as regent for his brother, Frederick William IV. Under the leadership of William and his minister president Otto von Bismarck, Prussia achieved the unification of Germany and the establishment of the German Empire. Despite his long support of Bismarck as Minister President, William held strong reservations about some of Bismarck's more reactionary policies, including his anti-Catholicism and tough handling of subordinates.


Context: who was the leader who wanted to unify germany (prussia)

Context: William I.

Question: where did the unification occur?

Answer: In German Empire.

Explanation: The Unification of Germany into the German Empire, a Prussia-dominated state with federal features, was officially proclaimed on 18 January 1871 in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France. The new state replaced the German Confederation, a loose association of sovereign states, and the highly decentralized Holy Roman Empire. Princes of the German states, excluding Austria-Hungary and its House of Habsburg-Lorraine (the dynasty that formerly ruled over the German princes during the German Confederation and Holy Roman Empire), gathered at the ceremony to proclaim William I of Prussia and the House of Hohenzollern as German Emperor, following the French capitulation in the Franco-Prussian War.

Unification of Germany [SEP] Introduction


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Question: where was this leader mentioned from?

Answer: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Explanation: The future king and emperor was born William Frederick Louis of Prussia ("Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig von Preußen") in the Kronprinzenpalais in Berlin on 22 March 1797. As the second son of Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Prince Frederick William, himself son of King Frederick William II, William was not expected to ascend to the throne. His grandfather died the year he was born, at age 53, in 1797, and his father Frederick William III became king. He was educated from 1801 to 1809 by , who was also in charge of the education of William's brother, the Crown Prince Frederick William. At age twelve, his father appointed him an officer in the Prussian army. The year 1806 saw the defeat of Prussia by France and the end of the Holy Roman Empire.

William I, German Emperor [SEP] Early life and military career


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Question: any games related to this state?

Answer: It is a host city of major international sporting events, athletic events, basketball, Berlin Marathon

Berlin [SEP] Sport

Berlin has established a high-profile as a host city of major international sporting events. The city hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics and was the host city for the 2006 FIFA World Cup final. The IAAF World Championships in Athletics was held in the Olympiastadion in 2009. The city hosted the Basketball Euroleague Final Four in 2009 and 2016. and was one of the hosts of the FIBA EuroBasket 2015. In 2015 Berlin became the venue for the UEFA Champions League Final. Berlin will host the 2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games. This will be the first time Germany has ever hosted the Special Olympics World Games.


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: It is a host city of major international sporting events, athletic events, basketball, Berlin Marathon

Question: mention few places of visit?

Answer: The Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin ,Zoologischer Garten Berlin, Berlin's Botanischer Garten, Tiergarten park, Soviet War Memorial.

Explanation:
Zoologischer Garten Berlin, the older of two zoos in the city, was founded in 1844. It is the most visited zoo in Europe and presents the most diverse range of species in the world. It was the home of the captive-born celebrity polar bear Knut. The city's other zoo, Tierpark Friedrichsfelde, was founded in 1955.

Berlin's Botanischer Garten includes the Botanic Museum Berlin. With an area of and around 22,000 different plant species, it is one of the largest and most diverse collections of botanical life in the world. Other gardens in the city include the Britzer Garten, and the Gärten der Welt (Gardens of the World) in Marzahn.
The Tiergarten park in Mitte, with landscape design by Peter Joseph Lenné, is one of Berlin's largest and most popular parks. In Kreuzberg, the Viktoriapark provides a viewing point over the southern part of inner-city Berlin. Treptower Park, beside the Spree in Treptow, features a large Soviet War Memorial. The Volkspark in Friedrichshain, which opened in 1848

Berlin [SEP] Recreation


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: mention few places of visit?

Context: The Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin ,Zoologischer Garten Berlin, Berlin's Botanischer Garten, Tiergarten park, Soviet War Memorial.

Question: name few festivals celebrated here?

Answer: Berlin Pride, the Christopher Street Day, the Kreuzberg Pride and Hustlaball to name a few.

Berlin [SEP] Nightlife and festivals

By the 1920s, gays and lesbians had an unprecedented visibility. Today, in addition to a positive atmosphere in the wider club scene, the city again has a huge number of queer clubs and festivals. The most famous and largest are Berlin Pride, the Christopher Street Day, the Lesbian and Gay City Festival in Berlin-Schöneberg, the Kreuzberg Pride and Hustlaball.


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: mention few places of visit?

Context: name few festivals celebrated here?

Context: Berlin Pride, the Christopher Street Day, the Kreuzberg Pride and Hustlaball to name a few.

Question: when is the second celebrated?

Answer: On June 28 annually.

Explanation:
The CSD is held in memory of the Stonewall Riots, the first big uprising of LGBT people against police assaults that took place at the Stonewall Inn, a bar on Manhattan, New York City's Christopher Street in the district of Greenwich Village on June 28, 1969.

On June 28, 1970 the Christopher Street Liberation Day in New York and the Christopher Street West Association in Los Angeles marked the first anniversary of the Stonewall riots, the first Gay Pride Parades in United States history. To accommodate the interests of the many different groups participating, the Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee named the days leading up to the march Gay Pride Week.

Christopher Street Day [SEP] History


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: mention few places of visit?

Context: name few festivals celebrated here?

Context: when is the second celebrated?

Context: On June 28 annually.

Question: why is it celebrated?

Answer: It is European LGBT celebration and demonstration held in various cities across Europe for the rights of LGBT people, and against discrimination and exclusion.

Explanation: Christopher Street Day (CSD) is an annual European LGBT celebration and demonstration held in various cities across Europe for the rights of LGBT people, and against discrimination and exclusion. It is Germany's and Switzerland's counterpart to Gay Pride or Pride Parades. Austria calls their Pride Parade "Rainbow Parade". The most prominent CSD events are Berlin Pride, CSD Hamburg, CSD Cologne, Germany and Zürich in Switzerland.

Christopher Street Day [SEP] Introduction


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: mention few places of visit?

Context: name few festivals celebrated here?

Context: when is the second celebrated?

Context: On June 28 annually.

Context: why is it celebrated?

Context: It is European LGBT celebration and demonstration held in various cities across Europe for the rights of LGBT people, and against discrimination and exclusion.

Question: name few politicians associated?

Answer: Politicians often participate few are First Mayor Ortwin Runde, and Ole von Beust, in Dresden Mayor Ingolf Rossberg, in Würzburg Claudia Roth.

Christopher Street Day [SEP] Politicians attending

Politicians often participate in CSDs, including: In some cities, politicians are also patrons of the CSD, for example in Hamburg, the former First Mayor Ortwin Runde, and Ole von Beust, in Dresden Mayor Ingolf Rossberg, in Würzburg Claudia Roth, in Munich the former Mayor Christian Ude as well as current Mayor Dieter Reiter and in Brunswick, the former Federal Minister Jürgen Trittin.


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: mention few places of visit?

Context: name few festivals celebrated here?

Context: when is the second celebrated?

Context: On June 28 annually.

Context: why is it celebrated?

Context: name few politicians associated?

Context: Politicians often participate few are First Mayor Ortwin Runde, and Ole von Beust, in Dresden Mayor Ingolf Rossberg, in Würzburg Claudia Roth.

Question: who is the second?

Answer: He is a former German politician who was First Mayor of Hamburg.

Explanation: Carl-Friedrich Arp Ole Freiherr von Beust, generally called Ole von Beust (born 13 April 1955), is a former German politician who was First Mayor of Hamburg from 31 October 2001 to 25 August 2010, serving as President of the Bundesrat from 1 November 2007 on for one year. He was succeeded as mayor by Christoph Ahlhaus.

Ole von Beust [SEP] Introduction


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: mention few places of visit?

Context: name few festivals celebrated here?

Context: when is the second celebrated?

Context: On June 28 annually.

Context: why is it celebrated?

Context: name few politicians associated?

Context: who is the second?

Context: He is a former German politician who was First Mayor of Hamburg.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Born in Hamburg.

Ole von Beust [SEP] Life and work

Born in Hamburg, he is the son of Achim Helge Freiherr von Beust and Hanna, née Wolff, who was considered half Jewish in Nazi Germany. Through his father he is a descendant of Saxon and Austrian statesman Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust. In 1971 von Beust became a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union (CDU). In 1973, after finishing high school, he worked for CDU parliamentary group in the Hamburg Parliament ("Hamburgische Bürgerschaft"), a position he held until he started to study law in 1975 at the University of Hamburg. From 1977 until 1983 he was Hamburg president of the youth organisation of his party.


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: mention few places of visit?

Context: name few festivals celebrated here?

Context: when is the second celebrated?

Context: On June 28 annually.

Context: why is it celebrated?

Context: name few politicians associated?

Context: who is the second?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Born in Hamburg.

Question: which organisations he joined after politics?

Answer: Roland Berger consultancy.

Ole von Beust [SEP] Life after politics

Upon leaving active politics, von Beust opened his own law firm and joined consultancy Roland Berger as advisor. In 2012, he succeeded Klaus von Dohnányi as Executive Director of the Hamburg Foundation for Politically Persecuted People. During a strike of ground crew at Frankfurt Airport in February 2012, von Beust was appointed as arbitrator by airport operator Fraport for negotiations with trade union GdF. The union accepted his proposed settlement plan; Fraport, however, rejected the deal. In addition, von Beust has been holding various paid and unpaid positions, including the following:


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: mention few places of visit?

Context: name few festivals celebrated here?

Context: when is the second celebrated?

Context: On June 28 annually.

Context: why is it celebrated?

Context: name few politicians associated?

Context: who is the second?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Born in Hamburg.

Context: which organisations he joined after politics?

Context: Roland Berger consultancy.

Question: what is it?

Answer: Its a law firm.

Ole von Beust [SEP] Life after politics


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: mention few places of visit?

Context: name few festivals celebrated here?

Context: when is the second celebrated?

Context: On June 28 annually.

Context: why is it celebrated?

Context: name few politicians associated?

Context: who is the second?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Born in Hamburg.

Context: Roland Berger consultancy.

Context: what is it?

Context: Its a law firm.

Question: name few projects it handles?

Answer: They provide restructuring and marketing advice, but its practice areas also include corporate development, corporate finance, information management, operations strategy, performance improvement, and strategy development.

Explanation:
Roland Berger provides restructuring and marketing advice, but its practice areas also include corporate development, corporate finance, information management, operations strategy, performance improvement, and strategy development. While its clientele is largely in the automobile industry and the capital goods sector, other industry specialties include energy and chemicals, engineered products and high-tech, financial services, information communications, pharmaceuticals and health care, public services, and transportation.

Roland Berger clients include corporations, non-profit organizations and public institutions.

Roland Berger (company) [SEP] Services and clientele


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: mention few places of visit?

Context: name few festivals celebrated here?

Context: when is the second celebrated?

Context: On June 28 annually.

Context: why is it celebrated?

Context: name few politicians associated?

Context: who is the second?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Born in Hamburg.

Context: Roland Berger consultancy.

Context: what is it?

Context: Its a law firm.

Context: name few projects it handles?

Context: They provide restructuring and marketing advice, but its practice areas also include corporate development, corporate finance, information management, operations strategy, performance improvement, and strategy development.

Question: where is it's headquarter?

Answer: In Munich.

Explanation: Roland Berger is a global strategy consulting firm headquartered in Munich, with 50 offices in 36 countries. The company was founded under the name Roland Berger Strategy Consultants in 1967 by Roland Berger. In 2011, the company's sales were roughly US$1.2 billion. The company, with around 2,400 employees worldwide, is an independent partnership wholly owned by its approximately 220 partners. Since 2018 Roland Berger is growing again after failed merger talks with Deloitte. The company reported $670M in revenues in 2018, approximately 60% of the pre-merger talk revenues but 13% from the year prior. Roland Berger is one of the world's seven largest strategy consulting firms. The firm operates as a generalist strategy consultancy and advises clients on management issues ranging from strategy development to performance improvement. Roland Berger also advises in the fields of restructuring and marketing, with a focus on the Automobile Industry and the capital goods sector.

Roland Berger (company) [SEP] Introduction


Context: William I.

Context: where did the unification occur?

Context: In German Empire.

Context: where was this leader mentioned from?

Context: In the Kronprinzenpalais, Berlin.

Context: any games related to this state?

Context: mention few places of visit?

Context: name few festivals celebrated here?

Context: when is the second celebrated?

Context: On June 28 annually.

Context: why is it celebrated?

Context: name few politicians associated?

Context: who is the second?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Born in Hamburg.

Context: Roland Berger consultancy.

Context: what is it?

Context: Its a law firm.

Context: name few projects it handles?

Context: where is it's headquarter?

Context: In Munich.

Question: is it capital of any state city or country?

Answer: Yes, it is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, the second most populous German state.

Explanation: Munich ( ; ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, the second most populous German state. With a population of over 1.5 million inhabitants as of July 31, 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state, as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union. The city's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people.

Munich [SEP] Introduction

In the 1920s, Munich became home to several political factions, among them the NSDAP. After the Nazis' rise to power, Munich was declared their "Capital of the Movement". The city was heavily bombed during World War II, but restored most of its traditional cityscape. After the end of postwar American occupation in 1949, there was a great increase in population and economic power during the years of "Wirtschaftswunder", or "economic miracle". The city hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics and was one of the host cities of the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cups.


Question: where is pindus national park situated?

Answer: In mainland Greece, situated in an isolated mountainous area at the periphery of West Macedonia and Epirus, in the northeastern part of the Pindus mountain range.

Pindus National Park [SEP] Introduction

Pindus National Park ( "Ethnikós Drymós Píndou"), also known as Valia Calda (meaning the Warm Valley in Aromanian), is a national park in mainland Greece, situated in an isolated mountainous area at the periphery of West Macedonia and Epirus, in the northeastern part of the Pindus mountain range. It was established in 1966 and covers an area of . The park's core zone, , covers the greatest part of the Valia Calda valley and the slopes of the surrounding peaks. The national park has an elevation range from and is characterized by dense forests of European black pine and common beech, rocky ridges, several peaks over , rapid streams and mountain lakes.


Context: where is pindus national park situated?

Context: In mainland Greece, situated in an isolated mountainous area at the periphery of West Macedonia and Epirus, in the northeastern part of the Pindus mountain range.

Question: which animal species is found here?

Answer: Eurasian brown bears, lynxes, roe deers, wildcats etc

Explanation: Eurasian brown bears

Pindus National Park [SEP] Fauna

The national park is one of three areas in Greece that hosts a population of Eurasian brown bears ("Ursus arctos arctos"), which is considered a conservation priority species. The region itself is also called "bear park". Other large mammals that live in the park are lynxes, roe deers and wildcats, with the last two being found in the area of Flegga forest. Additionally wolves, beech martens, wild boars and red squirrels are present in the area all year round. On the other hand, the Balkan chamois "(Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica)", a Balkan endemic species, is found on the steep and rocky parts of the park, as well as in areas with beech forests.


Context: where is pindus national park situated?

Context: which animal species is found here?

Context: Eurasian brown bears, lynxes, roe deers, wildcats etc

Question: plant species?

Answer: European black pine, common beech, Bosnian pine, Dianthus deltoides etc

Explanation: European black pine

Pindus National Park [SEP] Flora

The park was established in 1966 and is considered one of the most important protected areas for the maintenance of mountainous biodiversity and ecosystem integrity at the national level. Forests of European black pine ("Pinus nigra") and common beech ("Fagus sylvatica") cover the park's lower and middle altitudes , with several of these trees being more than 700 years old. At higher altitudes , Bosnian pine ("Pinus heldreichii") woodland is dominant, while at the greatest heights , only certain types of bushes are found in the treeless alpine meadows. Additionally, the dry places and the lower parts of the valley are characterized by the domination of "Buxus sempervirens", while some individuals of "Abies borisii-regis" are scattered among the Pinus nigra and Fagus sylvatica forests.


Context: where is pindus national park situated?

Context: which animal species is found here?

Context: plant species?

Context: European black pine, common beech, Bosnian pine, Dianthus deltoides etc

Question: which recreational activities happens here?

Answer: Hiking, excursions, camping etc

Explanation: hiking

Pindus National Park [SEP] Recreation

Pindus National Park is considered as one of the least visited and least known national parks in Europe and it is not signposted from the main roads of the region. The area offers opportunities for hiking with its dirt roads being in good condition except in winter. The park can be best accessed from north, from the village of Perivoli, while there is also a track from the west side, near Milia. A climbing resort lies near Mavrovouni peak, at a height of , which is an ideal base for excursions to the park's area. According to the local legislation, the collection of any kind of organism is not allowed, while camping and staying in the park's core after the setting of the sun is prohibited.


Context: where is pindus national park situated?

Context: which animal species is found here?

Context: plant species?

Context: which recreational activities happens here?

Context: Hiking, excursions, camping etc

Question: from where did the first animal species originate?

Answer: Western Europe, Russia, Eastern Europe and Asia

Eurasian brown bear [SEP] Species origin

The oldest fossils are from the Choukoutien, China, and date back about 500,000 years. It is known from mtDNA studies that during the Pleistocene ice age it was too cold for the brown bear to survive in Europe except in three places: Russia, Spain, and the Balkans. Modern research has made it possible to track the origin of the subspecies. The species to which it belongs developed more than 500,000 years ago, and researchers have found that the Eurasian brown bear separated about 850,000 years ago, with one branch based in Western Europe and the other branch in Western Europe, Russia, Eastern Europe and Asia.


Context: where is pindus national park situated?

Context: which animal species is found here?

Context: plant species?

Context: Hiking, excursions, camping etc

Context: from where did the first animal species originate?

Context: Western Europe, Russia, Eastern Europe and Asia

Question: how is it culturally depicted?

Answer: Their names have  reflected in the names of a number of localities, they appear in fairy tales and regarded as the symbol of Russian might.

Eurasian brown bear [SEP] Cultural depictions

The historic distribution of bears and the impression the bear has made on people are reflected in the names of a number of localities (some notable examples include Berlin, Bern, Medvednica, Otepää and Ayu-Dag), as well as personal names—for example, Xiong (熊), Bernard, Arthur, Ursula, Urs, Ursicinus, Orsolya, Björn, Nedved, Medvedev and Otso. Bears of this subspecies appear very frequently in the fairy tales and fables of Europe, in particular tales collected by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The European brown bear was once common in Germany and alpine lands like Northern Italy, Eastern France, and most of Switzerland, and thus appears in tales of various dialects of German.


Context: where is pindus national park situated?

Context: which animal species is found here?

Context: plant species?

Context: Hiking, excursions, camping etc

Context: how is it culturally depicted?

Context: Their names have  reflected in the names of a number of localities, they appear in fairy tales and regarded as the symbol of Russian might.

Question: the mountain range that you mentioned above; which other major ranges are there?

Answer: Mount Grammos, Mount Smolikas, Mount Vasilitsa etc

Pindus [SEP] Major mountains

The most notable mountains in the range are Mount Grammos, Mount Smolikas, Mount Vasilitsa, Tymfi or Gamila, Lakmos or Peristeri, the Athamanika or Tzoumerka mountains, and the Agrafa mountains. Some mountains in Southern Greece are also considered part of the extended Pindus range. Its highest peak is on Mount Smolikas at an altitude of 2,637 meters.


Context: where is pindus national park situated?

Context: which animal species is found here?

Context: plant species?

Context: Hiking, excursions, camping etc

Context: how is it culturally depicted?

Context: the mountain range that you mentioned above; which other major ranges are there?

Context: Mount Grammos, Mount Smolikas, Mount Vasilitsa etc

Question: is there any other national parks available?

Answer: he Vikos-Aoos National Park and Pindus National Park

Explanation: The Vikos-Aoos National Park

Pindus [SEP] Vikos-Aoos National Park

The Vikos-Aoos National Park is south of the town of Konitsa, in the west part of Zagori region. It includes Mount Tymfi, the Vikos Gorge and the Aoos Gorge. It was created in 1973.


Context: where is pindus national park situated?

Context: which animal species is found here?

Context: plant species?

Context: Hiking, excursions, camping etc

Context: how is it culturally depicted?

Context: is there any other national parks available?

Context: he Vikos-Aoos National Park and Pindus National Park

Question: when was the former established?

Answer: 1966

Pindus National Park [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is pindus national park situated?

Context: which animal species is found here?

Context: plant species?

Context: Hiking, excursions, camping etc

Context: how is it culturally depicted?

Context: when was the former established?

Question: what kind of population resides in this mountain range?

Answer: Brown bears

Explanation: brown bears

Pindus National Park [SEP] Introduction

The area belong to the wider Pindus Mountains mixed forests ecoregion and is a representative part of Pindus mountain range. Moreover, it belongs to the Natura 2000 ecological network of protected areas and is one of the three places in Greece that hosts a population of brown bears.


Question: who is telling the story in i know why the caged bird sings

Answer: Maya Angelou

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings [SEP] Introduction

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a 1969 autobiography describing the early years of American writer and poet Maya Angelou. The first in a seven-volume series, it is a coming-of-age story that illustrates how strength of character and a love of literature can help overcome racism and trauma. The book begins when three-year-old Maya and her older brother are sent to Stamps, Arkansas, to live with their grandmother and ends when Maya becomes a mother at the age of 16. In the course of "Caged Bird", Maya transforms from a victim of racism with an inferiority complex into a self-possessed, dignified young woman capable of responding to prejudice.


Context: who is telling the story in i know why the caged bird sings

Context: Maya Angelou

Question: what is this work all about?

Answer: It is a coming-of-age story that illustrates how strength of character and a love of literature can help overcome racism and trauma.

Explanation: The first in a seven-volume series, it is a coming-of-age story that illustrates how strength of character and a love of literature can help overcome racism and trauma.


Context: Maya Angelou

Context: what is this work all about?

Context: It is a coming-of-age story that illustrates how strength of character and a love of literature can help overcome racism and trauma.

Question: when was this work published?

Answer: 1969


Context: Maya Angelou

Context: what is this work all about?

Context: when was this work published?

Question: who is the publisher?

Answer: Random House

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings [SEP] Critical reception and sales

The week after Angelou recited her poem "On the Pulse of Morning" at President Bill Clinton's 1993 inauguration, sales of the paperback version of "Caged Bird" and her other works rose by 300–600 percent. "Caged Bird" had sold steadily since its publication, but it increased by 500 percent. The 16-page publication of "On the Pulse of Morning" became a best-seller, and the recording of the poem was awarded a Grammy Award. The Bantam Books edition of "Caged Bird" was a bestseller for 36 weeks, and they had to reprint 400,000 copies of her books to meet demand. Random House, which published Angelou's hardcover books and the poem later that year, reported that they sold more of her books in January 1993 than they did in all of 1992, marking a 1,200 percent increase.


Context: Maya Angelou

Context: what is this work all about?

Context: when was this work published?

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Random House

Question: what were the feedback and comments received after readers went through the book?

Answer: It became a bestseller immediately after it was published. According to Angelou's biographers, "Readers, especially women, and in particular Black women, took the book to heart".

"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" is the most highly acclaimed of Angelou's autobiographies. The other volumes in her series of seven autobiographies are judged and compared to "Caged Bird." It became a bestseller immediately after it was published. Angelou's friend and mentor, James Baldwin, maintained that her book "liberates the reader into life" and called it "a Biblical study of life in the midst of death". According to Angelou's biographers, "Readers, especially women, and in particular Black women, took the book to heart". By the end of 1969, critics had placed Angelou in the tradition of other Black autobiographers.


Context: Maya Angelou

Context: what is this work all about?

Context: when was this work published?

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Random House

Context: what were the feedback and comments received after readers went through the book?

Context: It became a bestseller immediately after it was published. According to Angelou's biographers, "Readers, especially women, and in particular Black women, took the book to heart".

Question: was this book censored?

Answer: Yes, some have been critical of its sexually explicit scenes, use of language, and irreverent religious depictions. Educators had to remove it from the reading lists and libraries, by providing students with alternatives, and by requiring parental permission from students.

Explanation: "Caged Bird" has been criticized by many parents, causing it to be removed from school curricula and library shelves. The book was approved to be taught in public schools and was placed in public school libraries through the U.S. in the early-1980s, and was included in advanced placement and gifted student curricula, but attempts by parents to censor it began in 1983. It has been challenged in fifteen U.S. states. Educators have responded to these challenges by removing it from reading lists and libraries, by providing students with alternatives, and by requiring parental permission from students. Some have been critical of its sexually explicit scenes, use of language, and irreverent religious depictions.

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings [SEP] Censorship


Context: Maya Angelou

Context: what is this work all about?

Context: when was this work published?

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Random House

Context: was this book censored?

Context: Yes, some have been critical of its sexually explicit scenes, use of language, and irreverent religious depictions. Educators had to remove it from the reading lists and libraries, by providing students with alternatives, and by requiring parental permission from students.

Question: was this story adapted into a film?

Answer: Yes, a made-for-TV movie version of "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" was filmed in Mississippi and aired on April 28, 1979, on CBS.

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings [SEP] Film version

A made-for-TV movie version of "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" was filmed in Mississippi and aired on April 28, 1979, on CBS. Angelou and Leonora Thuna wrote the screenplay; the movie was directed by Fielder Cook. Constance Good played young Maya. Also appearing were actors Esther Rolle, Roger E. Mosley, Diahann Carroll, Ruby Dee, and Madge Sinclair. Two scenes in the movie differed from events described in the book. Angelou added a scene between Maya and Uncle Willie after the Joe Louis fight; in it, he expresses his feelings of redemption and hope after Louis defeats a white opponent.


Context: Maya Angelou

Context: what is this work all about?

Context: when was this work published?

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Random House

Context: was this book censored?

Context: was this story adapted into a film?

Context: Yes, a made-for-TV movie version of "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" was filmed in Mississippi and aired on April 28, 1979, on CBS.

Question: who directed the movie version?

Answer: Fielder Cook

Explanation: Angelou and Leonora Thuna wrote the screenplay; the movie was directed by Fielder Cook.


Context: Maya Angelou

Context: what is this work all about?

Context: when was this work published?

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Random House

Context: was this book censored?

Context: was this story adapted into a film?

Context: who directed the movie version?

Context: Fielder Cook

Question: what are the names of the actors featured in this movie?

Answer: Constance Good, Esther Rolle, Roger E. Mosley, Diahann Carroll, Ruby Dee, and Madge Sinclair were some of them.

Explanation: Constance Good played young Maya. Also appearing were actors Esther Rolle, Roger E. Mosley, Diahann Carroll, Ruby Dee, and Madge Sinclair.


Context: Maya Angelou

Context: what is this work all about?

Context: when was this work published?

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Random House

Context: was this book censored?

Context: was this story adapted into a film?

Context: who directed the movie version?

Context: Fielder Cook

Context: what are the names of the actors featured in this movie?

Context: Constance Good, Esther Rolle, Roger E. Mosley, Diahann Carroll, Ruby Dee, and Madge Sinclair were some of them.

Question: who is that story teller mentioned?

Answer: She was an American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist.

Explanation: Maya Angelou (; born Marguerite Annie Johnson; April 4, 1928 – May 28, 2014) was an American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist.

Maya Angelou [SEP] Introduction

libraries. Angelou's most celebrated works have been labeled as autobiographical fiction, but many critics consider them to be autobiographies. She made a deliberate attempt to challenge the common structure of the autobiography by critiquing, changing and expanding the genre. Her books center on themes such as racism, identity, family and travel.


Context: Maya Angelou

Context: what is this work all about?

Context: when was this work published?

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Random House

Context: was this book censored?

Context: was this story adapted into a film?

Context: who directed the movie version?

Context: Fielder Cook

Context: who is that story teller mentioned?

Context: She was an American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist.

Question: what are some of her poems?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Maya Angelou [SEP] Introduction

Maya Angelou (; born Marguerite Annie Johnson; April 4, 1928 – May 28, 2014) was an American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist. She published seven autobiographies, three books of essays, several books of poetry, and is credited with a list of plays, movies, and television shows spanning over 50 years. She received dozens of awards and more than 50 honorary degrees. Angelou is best known for her series of seven autobiographies, which focus on her childhood and early adult experiences. The first, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" (1969), tells of her life up to the age of 17 and brought her international recognition and acclaim.


Question: who plays thor's dad in the movie

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Thor (film) [SEP] Introduction

Thor is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures, it is the fourth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). It was directed by Kenneth Branagh, written by the writing team of Ashley Edward Miller and Zack Stentz along with Don Payne, and stars Chris Hemsworth as the title character alongside Natalie Portman, Tom Hiddleston, Stellan Skarsgård, Colm Feore, Ray Stevenson, Idris Elba, Kat Dennings, Rene Russo, and Anthony Hopkins. After reigniting a dormant war, Thor is banished from Asgard to Earth, stripped of his powers and his hammer Mjölnir.


Context:
who plays thor's dad in the movie
UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is thor?

Answer: It is a film.

Explanation: Thor is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.

Thor (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context:
who plays thor's dad in the movie
UNANSWERABLE
what is thor?
It is a film.

Question: wen was this film released?

Answer: 6 May 2011 in the United States.

Thor (film) [SEP] Introduction

The main characters were cast in 2009, and principal photography took place in California and New Mexico from January to May 2010. The film was converted to 3D in post-production. "Thor" premiered in Sydney on April 17, 2011, and was released in the United States on May 6, as part of of the MCU. The film was a financial success, earning $449.3 million worldwide, and was positively reviewed for its performances, although the Earth-based elements of the film received some criticism. Two sequels have been released, "" in 2013 and "" in 2017. A fourth film, "Thor: Love and Thunder", is in development.


Context:
who plays thor's dad in the movie
UNANSWERABLE
what is thor?
It is a film.
wen was this film released?
6 May 2011 in the United States.

Question: who is the director?

Answer: Kenneth Branagh.

Explanation: . It was directed by Kenneth Branagh

Thor (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context:
who plays thor's dad in the movie
UNANSWERABLE
what is thor?
It is a film.
wen was this film released?
6 May 2011 in the United States.
who is the director?
Kenneth Branagh.

Question: an who are the main actors?

Answer: Odin, Thor, Loki, Laufey, Sif, Volstagg, Frandal, Hogun, Dr. Jane Foster, Darcy Lewis, Dr. Erik Selvig and others.

Explanation:
In 965 AD, Odin, king of Asgard, wages war against the Frost Giants of Jotunheim and their leader Laufey, to prevent them from conquering the nine realms, starting with Earth. The Asgardian warriors defeat the Frost Giants in Tønsberg, Norway, and seize the source of their power, the Casket of Ancient Winters.

In the present, Odin's son Thor prepares to ascend to the throne of Asgard, but is interrupted when Frost Giants attempt to retrieve the Casket. Against Odin's order, Thor travels to Jotunheim to confront Laufey, accompanied by his brother Loki, childhood friend Sif and the Warriors Three: Volstagg, Fandral, and Hogun. A battle ensues until Odin intervenes to save the Asgardians, destroying the fragile truce between the two races. For Thor's arrogance, Odin strips his son of his godly power and exiles him to Earth as a mortal, accompanied by his hammer Mjölnir, now protected by an enchantment that allows only the worthy to wield it.

Thor lands in New Mexico, where astrophysicis

Thor (film) [SEP] Plot


Context: who plays thor's dad in the movie

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is thor?

Context: It is a film.

Context: wen was this film released?

Context: 6 May 2011 in the United States.

Context: who is the director?

Context: Kenneth Branagh.

Context: an who are the main actors?

Context: Odin, Thor, Loki, Laufey, Sif, Volstagg, Frandal, Hogun, Dr. Jane Foster, Darcy Lewis, Dr. Erik Selvig and others.

Question: where is the director from?

Answer: Belfast.

Kenneth Branagh [SEP] Early life

Branagh, the middle of three children, was born in Belfast, the son of working class Protestant parents Frances ("née" Harper) and William Branagh, a plumber and joiner who ran a company that specialised in fitting partitions and suspended ceilings. He lived in the Tigers Bay area of the city and was educated at Grove Primary School. At the age of nine, he moved with his family to Reading, Berkshire, England, to escape the Troubles. He was educated at Whiteknights Primary School and Meadway School, a local comprehensive in Tilehurst, where he appeared in school productions such as "Toad of Toad Hall" and "Oh, What a Lovely War!".


Context: who plays thor's dad in the movie

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is thor?

Context: It is a film.

Context: wen was this film released?

Context: 6 May 2011 in the United States.

Context: who is the director?

Context: Kenneth Branagh.

Context: an who are the main actors?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: Belfast.

Question: where is this place?

Answer: Northern Ireland.

Belfast [SEP] Introduction

Belfast ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom and the second-largest on the island of Ireland. It had a population of 333,871 . Belfast suffered greatly in the Troubles: in the 1970s and 1980s it was one of the world's most dangerous cities, with a homicide rate around 31 per 100,000. By the early 19th century, Belfast became a major port. It played an important role in the Industrial Revolution in Ireland, becoming briefly the biggest linen-producer in the world, earning it the nickname "Linenopolis".


Context: who plays thor's dad in the movie

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is thor?

Context: It is a film.

Context: wen was this film released?

Context: 6 May 2011 in the United States.

Context: who is the director?

Context: Kenneth Branagh.

Context: an who are the main actors?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: Belfast.

Context: where is this place?

Context: Northern Ireland.

Question: what is the weather like at the place you just mentioned?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Belfast [SEP] Introduction


Context: who plays thor's dad in the movie

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is thor?

Context: It is a film.

Context: wen was this film released?

Context: 6 May 2011 in the United States.

Context: who is the director?

Context: Kenneth Branagh.

Context: an who are the main actors?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: Belfast.

Context: where is this place?

Context: Northern Ireland.

Context: what is the weather like at the place you just mentioned?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the language spoken here?

Answer: English, Irish, and Ulster Scots.

Explanation:
English is spoken as a first language by almost all of the Northern Ireland population. It is the "de facto" official language and the Administration of Justice (Language) Act (Ireland) 1737 prohibits the use of languages other than English in legal proceedings.

Under the Good Friday Agreement, Irish and Ulster Scots (an Ulster dialect of the Scots language, sometimes known as "Ullans"), are recognised as "part of the cultural wealth of Northern Ireland".

Northern Ireland [SEP] Languages

These operate separately under the aegis of the North/South Language Body, which reports to the North/South Ministerial Council. The British government in 2001 ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Irish (in Northern Ireland) was specified under Part III of the Charter, with a range of specific undertakings in relation to education, translation of statutes, interaction with public authorities, the use of placenames, media access, support for cultural activities and other matters. A lower level of recognition was accorded to Ulster Scots, under Part II of the Charter.


Context: who plays thor's dad in the movie

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is thor?

Context: It is a film.

Context: wen was this film released?

Context: 6 May 2011 in the United States.

Context: who is the director?

Context: Kenneth Branagh.

Context: an who are the main actors?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: Belfast.

Context: where is this place?

Context: Northern Ireland.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the language spoken here?

Context: English, Irish, and Ulster Scots.

Question: what is the storyline of the aforementioned movie?

Answer: After reigniting a dormant war, Thor is banished from Asgard to Earth, stripped of his powers and his hammer Mjölnir. As his brother Loki plots to take the Asgardian throne, Thor must prove himself worthy.

Explanation: After reigniting a dormant war, Thor is banished from Asgard to Earth, stripped of his powers and his hammer Mjölnir. As his brother Loki plots to take the Asgardian throne, Thor must prove himself worthy.

Thor (film) [SEP] Introduction


Question: what is a australasian gannet?

Answer: A large seabird.

Australasian gannet [SEP] Introduction

The Australasian gannet ("Morus serrator"), also known as the Australian gannet or tākapu, is a large seabird of the booby and gannet family, Sulidae. Adults are mostly white, with black flight feathers at the wingtips and lining the trailing edge of the wing. The central tail feathers are also black. The head is tinged buff-yellow, with a pale blue-grey bill edged in black, and blue-rimmed eyes. Young birds have mottled plumage in their first year, dark above and light below. The head is an intermediate mottled grey, with a dark bill. The birds gradually acquire more white in subsequent seasons until they reach maturity after five years.


Context:
what is a australasian gannet?
A large seabird.

Question: where is it found?

Answer: Steep Point in Western Australia, along the southern and eastern Australian coastline to the vicinity of Rockhampton in Queensland, as well as the North and South Islands of New Zealand, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands.

Australasian gannet [SEP] Distribution and habitat

The Australasian gannet is found from Steep Point in Western Australia, along the southern and eastern Australian coastline to the vicinity of Rockhampton in Queensland, as well as the North and South Islands of New Zealand, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. At sea, it is generally restricted to waters over the continental shelf, and may enter harbours, bays and estuaries, particularly in stormy weather. Over May and June, young gannets from New Zealand colonies disperse to the north and west, mainly flying north around the North Island and (to a lesser extent) via the Cook Strait. They generally reach as far as southeastern Queensland and Rottnest Island in Western Australia.


Context: what is a australasian gannet?

Context: A large seabird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: Steep Point in Western Australia, along the southern and eastern Australian coastline to the vicinity of Rockhampton in Queensland, as well as the North and South Islands of New Zealand, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands.

Question: what does it eat?

Answer: Forage fish and cephalopods.

Australasian gannet [SEP] Feeding

These birds are plunge divers and spectacular fishers, plunging from heights of up to 20 m (65 ft) into the ocean at high speed. They may dive from as low as 1–2 m (3–7 ft) above the surface at an angle to forage in water less than 3 m (10 ft) deep or in rough weather. They mainly eat forage fish which school near the surface, as well as cephalopods. Some local differences have been recorded: Australasian gannets at Farewell Spit mainly forage on coastal fish in water depths of less than , while those at Cape Kidnappers hunt more oceanic fish at water depths exceeding that.


Context: what is a australasian gannet?

Context: A large seabird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Forage fish and cephalopods.

Question: apart from this bird what are the other predators of the first one?

Answer: Other fishes like tuna, striped bass, cod, salmon, barracuda and swordfish, as well as sharks, whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, and seabirds.

Forage fish [SEP] Predators

Forage fish are the food that sustains larger predators above them in the ocean food chain. The superabundance they present in their schools make them ideal food sources for top predator fish such as tuna, striped bass, cod, salmon, barracuda and swordfish, as well as sharks, whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, and seabirds.


Context: what is a australasian gannet?

Context: A large seabird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Forage fish and cephalopods.

Context: apart from this bird what are the other predators of the first one?

Context: Other fishes like tuna, striped bass, cod, salmon, barracuda and swordfish, as well as sharks, whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, and seabirds.

Question: where are they found?

Answer: They are found along coastlines and also in lakes and rivers.

Forage fish [SEP] Introduction

These schools can become immense shoals which move along coastlines and migrate across open oceans. The shoals are concentrated energy resources for the great marine predators. The predators are keenly focused on the shoals, acutely aware of their numbers and whereabouts, and make migrations themselves that can span thousands of miles to connect, or stay connected, with them. The ocean primary producers, mainly contained in plankton, produce food energy from the sun and are the raw fuel for the ocean food webs. Forage fish transfer this energy by eating the plankton and becoming food themselves for the top predators. In this way, forage fish occupy the central positions in ocean and lake food webs.


Context: what is a australasian gannet?

Context: A large seabird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Forage fish and cephalopods.

Context: where are they found?

Context: They are found along coastlines and also in lakes and rivers.

Question: does the original bird have a unique call?

Answer: A  harsh "arrah-arrah" or "urrah-urrah".

Australasian gannet [SEP] Call

The Australasian gannet is generally silent at sea and loud and vocal at the colony in the day and at times overnight during the breeding season. Its typical call is a harsh "arrah-arrah" or "urrah-urrah", which is emitted upon approaching or arriving at the colony or as a threat. The calls can vary between individuals, and the female's call is lower pitched than the male's.


Context: what is a australasian gannet?

Context: A large seabird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Forage fish and cephalopods.

Context: where are they found?

Context: does the original bird have a unique call?

Context: A  harsh "arrah-arrah" or "urrah-urrah".

Question: who are its predators?

Answer: Southern giant petrel , kelp gull, and Pacific gull.

Australasian gannet [SEP] Predators and parasites

The southern giant petrel ("Macronectes giganteus") has been recorded preying on an adult Australasian gannet by holding it underwater and drowning it. Eggs and chicks can fall victim to the kelp gull ("Larus dominicanus") and Pacific gull ("Larus pacificus"), particularly if parent birds have been disturbed. External parasites include the feather mite species "Morinyssus simplex"—collected from a museum skin of Australasian gannet—the bird louse species "Pectinopygus bassani", and the tick species "Ixodes eudyptidis", the widespread "Ixodes uriae" and "Carios capensis".


Context: what is a australasian gannet?

Context: A large seabird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Forage fish and cephalopods.

Context: where are they found?

Context: who are its predators?

Context: Southern giant petrel , kelp gull, and Pacific gull.

Question: how does the first one mate?

Answer: It sexual maturity at six or seven years of age and the breeding season begins in October.

Southern giant petrel [SEP] Reproduction

The southern giant petrel achieves sexual maturity at six or seven years of age; however the average age of first breeding is ten years. Its breeding season begins in October. Its nest is a mound of moss, grass, and stones with a depression in the centre and is located on bare or grassy ground. They form loose colonies except in the Falkland Islands where the colonies are much larger. One immaculate white egg that is is laid. It is incubated for 55–66 days, where it is always guarded by at least one of the parents. When the white chick is born it is brooded for two to three weeks and it fledges at 104–132 days.


Context: what is a australasian gannet?

Context: A large seabird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Forage fish and cephalopods.

Context: where are they found?

Context: who are its predators?

Context: how does the first one mate?

Context: It sexual maturity at six or seven years of age and the breeding season begins in October.

Question: what does it eat?

Answer: Fish, krill, squid, offal , and waste from vessels.

Southern giant petrel [SEP] Feeding

This petrel will feed on fish, krill, squid, offal and waste from vessels in coastal and pelagic waters, where they often follow fishing boats and cruise ships. Unlike most other Procellariiformes, this bird will eat carrion. The Southern Giant petrel is an extremely aggressive predator and will kill other seabirds (usually penguin chicks, sick or injured adult penguins and the chicks of other seabirds). It has been seen preying on the adult Australasian gannet by holding it underwater and drowning it. These birds have also been observed drowning yellow-nosed and black-browed albatrosses. The males exclude females from the carcasses that they are feeding on.


Context: what is a australasian gannet?

Context: A large seabird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Forage fish and cephalopods.

Context: where are they found?

Context: who are its predators?

Context: how does the first one mate?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Fish, krill, squid, offal , and waste from vessels.

Question: what is the sub-species of the second bird you mentioned?

Answer: "L. d. dominicanus" and  "L. d. vetula" .

Kelp gull [SEP] Introduction

The kelp gull ("Larus dominicanus"), also known as the Dominican gull, is a gull that breeds on coasts and islands through much of the Southern Hemisphere. The nominate "L. d. dominicanus" is the subspecies found around South America, parts of Australia (where it overlaps with the Pacific gull), and New Zealand (where it is known as the black-backed gull, the southern black-backed gull, or by its Māori name karoro). "L. d. vetula" (known as the Cape gull) is a subspecies occurring around Southern Africa. The specific name comes from the Dominican Order of friars, who wear black and white habits.


Context: what is a australasian gannet?

Context: A large seabird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Forage fish and cephalopods.

Context: where are they found?

Context: who are its predators?

Context: how does the first one mate?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: what is the sub-species of the second bird you mentioned?

Context: "L. d. dominicanus" and  "L. d. vetula" .

Question: can you please describe the third bird that you mentioned?

Answer: A very large white gull with dark wings and back, and a very thick red-tipped yellow bill.

Pacific gull [SEP] Description

Pacific gulls are the only large gulls in their range, besides the occasional kelp gull. This species can range in length from and span across the wings. They typically weigh from . This species is mostly white, with dark wings and back, and a very thick (when compared to other gull species), powerful, red-tipped yellow bill. They have salt glands that secrete salty water through the nostrils. Young birds are mottled-brown all over, and attain their adult plumage only gradually; by its fourth year, a young Pacific gull has usually become difficult to tell apart from an adult bird. Of the two subspecies, the nominate eastern race prefers sheltered beaches, and the western race "L.