Context: iOS 12

Context: what is iphone 5s?

Context: how did it perform commercially?

Context: who is the critic mentioned above?

Context: how did he begin his career?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Warwick, Rhode Island.

Context: which institutions did he attend?

Context: when was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what courses are available here?

Context: what is this mapping?

Context: is it used for photography?

Context: Yes, in digital photography.

Question: what whom was it developed?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Tone mapping [SEP] Background

The introduction of film-based photography created issues since capturing the enormous dynamic range of lighting from the real world on a chemically limited negative was very difficult. Early film developers attempted to remedy this issue by designing the film stocks and the print development systems that gave a desired S-shaped tone curve with slightly enhanced contrast (about 15%) in the middle range and gradually compressed highlights and shadows . The advent of the Zone System, which bases exposure on the desired shadow tones along with varying the length of time spent in the chemical developer (thus controlling highlight tones) extended the tonal range of black and white (and later, color) negative film from its native range of about seven stops to about ten.


Context: what is the latest ios version for iphone 5s

Context: iOS 12

Context: what is iphone 5s?

Context: It is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc.

Context: how did it perform commercially?

Context: It sold over nine million units in the first three days, setting a record for first weekend smartphone sales.

Context: what were the critics comments about it?

Context: It received a positive reception from reviewers and commentators. Walt Mossberg of All Things Digital gave the phone a favorable review, saying that Touch ID "sounds like a gimmick, but it’s a real advance, the biggest step ever in biometric authentication for everyday devices," and labeled it "the best smartphone on the market."

Context: what was the effect of the aforementioned id?

Context: The security system had been defeated by photographing a fingerprint from a glass surface and using that captured image to make a latex model thumb which was then pressed against the sensor to gain access.

Context: who is the critic mentioned above?

Context: He is an American journalist. He is widely credited with pioneering the modern, consumer-focused, technology review and commentary.

Context: how did he begin his career?

Context: As a reporter and editor at "The Wall Street Journal".

Context: where was he born?

Context: Warwick, Rhode Island.

Context: which institutions did he attend?

Context: He is a graduate of Pilgrim High School, Brandeis University and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.

Context: with which institute is the last one accredited with?

Context: Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

Context: when was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what courses are available here?

Context: In addition to studying practical skills of journalism, public relations or advertising, students also may major in "mass communication" or "mass communication research".

Context: what was the software of the camera of the phone?

Context: The camera software includes automatic digital image stabilization, dynamic tone mapping, 10 fps burst mode and slow motion video at 120 fps.

Context: what is this mapping?

Context: Tone mapping is a technique used in image processing and computer graphics to map one set of colors to another to approximate the appearance of high-dynamic-range images in a medium that has a more limited dynamic range.

Context: is it used for photography?

Context: Yes, in digital photography.

Context: what whom was it developed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was the company that developed the phone founded?

Answer: April 1, 1976.

Apple Inc. [SEP] 1976–1984: Founding and incorporation

Apple Computer Company was founded on April 1, 1976, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne as a business partnership. The company's first product is the Apple I, a computer designed and hand-built entirely by Wozniak. To finance its creation, Jobs sold his only motorized means of transportation, a VW Microbus, for a few hundred dollars, and Wozniak sold his HP-65 calculator for . Wozniak debuted the first prototype at the Homebrew Computer Club in July 1976. The Apple I was sold as a motherboard with CPU, RAM, and basic textual-video chips—a base kit concept which would not yet be marketed as a complete personal computer.


Context: iOS 12

Context: what is iphone 5s?

Context: how did it perform commercially?

Context: who is the critic mentioned above?

Context: how did he begin his career?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Warwick, Rhode Island.

Context: which institutions did he attend?

Context: when was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what courses are available here?

Context: what is this mapping?

Context: is it used for photography?

Context: Yes, in digital photography.

Context: what whom was it developed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the company that developed the phone founded?

Context: April 1, 1976.

Question: by whom?

Answer: Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne.

Explanation: Apple Computer Company was founded on April 1, 1976, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne as a business partnership.


Question: explain 2 consequences of the hungarian uprising in 1956

Answer: The revolt spread quickly and the government collapsed.

Hungarian Revolution of 1956 [SEP] Introduction

When the delegation's release was demanded by the protesters outside, they were fired upon from within the building by the State Security Police, known as the "ÁVH" (acronym for "Államvédelmi Hatóság", literally "State Protection Authority"). Multiple students died and one was wrapped in a flag and held above the crowd. This was the start of the next phase of the revolution. As the news spread, disorder and violence erupted throughout the capital. The revolt spread quickly and the government collapsed. Thousands organised themselves into militias, battling the ÁVH and Soviet troops. During the revolt there were violent incidents; some local leaders and ÁVH members were lynched or captured, while former political prisoners were released and armed.


Context: explain 2 consequences of the hungarian uprising in 1956

Context: The revolt spread quickly and the government collapsed.

Question: who did they revolt against?

Answer: the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies

Explanation: The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (), or the Hungarian Uprising, was a nationwide revolution against the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from 23 October until 10 November 1956. Leaderless at the beginning, it was the first major threat to Soviet control since the Red Army drove Nazi Germany from its territory at the End of World War II in Europe.


Context: who did they revolt against?

Context: the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies

Question: what was the basic reason for this revolt?

Answer: Hungary became a socialist state under the authoritarian leadership of Mátyás Rákosi. Under Rákosi's government, the Security Police (ÁVH) began a series of purges, first within the Communist Party to end opposition to Rákosi's policies.

Explanation: Hungary became a socialist state under the authoritarian leadership of Mátyás Rákosi. Under Rákosi's government, the Security Police (ÁVH) began a series of purges, first within the Communist Party to end opposition to Rákosi's policies. The victims were labeled as "Titoists", "western agents", or "Trotskyists" for as insignificant a crime as spending time in the West to participate in the Spanish Civil War. In total, about half of all the middle and lower level party officials—at least 7,000 people—were purged.

Hungarian Revolution of 1956 [SEP] Political repression and economic decline

Thousands were arrested, tortured, tried, and imprisoned in concentration camps, deported to the east, or were executed, including ÁVH founder László Rajk. In a single year, more than 26,000 people were forcibly relocated from Budapest. As a consequence, jobs and housing were very difficult to obtain. The deportees generally experienced terrible living conditions and were interned as slave labor on collective farms. Many died as a result of poor living conditions and malnutrition. The Rákosi government thoroughly politicised Hungary's educational system to supplant the educated classes with a "toiling intelligentsia". Russian language study and Communist political instruction were made mandatory in schools and universities nationwide.


Context: who did they revolt against?

Context: what was the basic reason for this revolt?

Context: Hungary became a socialist state under the authoritarian leadership of Mátyás Rákosi. Under Rákosi's government, the Security Police (ÁVH) began a series of purges, first within the Communist Party to end opposition to Rákosi's policies.

Question: you mentioned about a republic; when was it formed?

Answer: 20 August 1949

Explanation:
The Hungarian People's Republic () was a one-party socialist republic from 20 August 1949
to 23 October 1989.

Hungarian People's Republic [SEP] Introduction

However, the few independent-minded Social Democrats were quickly shunted aside, leaving the MDP as a renamed and enlarged Communist Party. Rákosi then forced Tildy to turn over the presidency to Social Democrat-turned-Communist Árpád Szakasits. In December, Dinnyés was replaced by the leader of the Smallholders' left wing, the openly pro-Communist István Dobi. The process was more or less completed with the elections of May 1949. Voters were presented with a single list of all parties, running on a common programme. On 18 August, the newly elected National Assembly passed a new constitution—a near-carbon copy of the Soviet Constitution. When it was officially promulgated on 20 August, the country was renamed the People's Republic of Hungary.


Context: who did they revolt against?

Context: you mentioned about a republic; when was it formed?

Context: 20 August 1949

Question: who formed it?

Answer: Mátyás Rákosi

Hungarian People's Republic [SEP] Stalinist era (1949–1956)

Mátyás Rákosi, the new leader of Hungary, demanded complete obedience from fellow members of the Hungarian Working People's Party. Rákosi's main rival for power was László Rajk, who was then Hungary's Foreign Secretary. Rajk was arrested and Stalin's NKVD emissary coordinated with Hungarian General Secretary Rákosi and his State Protection Authority to lead the way for the show trial of Rajk. At the September 1949 trial, Rajk made a forced confession, claiming that he had been an agent of Miklós Horthy, Leon Trotsky, Josip Broz Tito and Western imperialism. He also admitted that he had taken part in a murder plot against Mátyás Rákosi and Ernő Gerő.


Context: who did they revolt against?

Context: 20 August 1949

Context: who formed it?

Context: Mátyás Rákosi

Question: who was he?

Answer: A Hungarian communist politician.

Mátyás Rákosi [SEP] Introduction

Mátyás Rákosi (9 March 1892 – 5 February 1971) was a Hungarian communist politician. He was born Mátyás Rosenfeld in Ada (present-day Serbia). Rákosi was the leader of Hungary's communist party from 1945 to 1956 — first as General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party (1945–48) and later holding the same post with the Hungarian Working People's Party (1948–56). As such, from 1949-56, he was the "de facto" ruler of the Hungarian People's Republic. An ardent Stalinist, his government was very loyal to the Soviet Union, and he presided over the mass imprisonment of hundreds of thousands of Hungarian people and the deaths of thousands.


Context: who did they revolt against?

Context: 20 August 1949

Context: who formed it?

Context: Mátyás Rákosi

Context: who was he?

Context: A Hungarian communist politician.

Question: how did he become a leader of this place you mentioned just now?

Answer: He was the leader of Hungary's communist party from 1945 to 1956. From 1949-56, he was the "de facto" ruler of the Hungarian People's Republic.

Mátyás Rákosi [SEP] Introduction


Context: who did they revolt against?

Context: 20 August 1949

Context: who formed it?

Context: Mátyás Rákosi

Context: who was he?

Context: A Hungarian communist politician.

Context: how did he become a leader of this place you mentioned just now?

Context: He was the leader of Hungary's communist party from 1945 to 1956. From 1949-56, he was the "de facto" ruler of the Hungarian People's Republic.

Question: was he forced to retire?

Answer: Yes - He was removed as General Secretary of the Party under pressure from the Soviet Politburo in June 1956

Mátyás Rákosi [SEP] Forced retirement

Rákosi was then removed as General Secretary of the Party under pressure from the Soviet Politburo in June 1956 (shortly after Nikita Khrushchev's Secret Speech), and was replaced by his former second-in-command, Ernő Gerő. To remove him from the Hungarian political scene, the Soviet Politburo forced Rákosi to move to the Soviet Union in 1956, with the official story being that he was "seeking medical attention". He spent the rest of his life in Soviet Kirghizia. Shortly before his death, Rákosi was in 1970 finally granted permission to return to Hungary if he promised not to engage in any political activities.


Context: who did they revolt against?

Context: 20 August 1949

Context: who formed it?

Context: Mátyás Rákosi

Context: who was he?

Context: A Hungarian communist politician.

Context: was he forced to retire?

Context: Yes - He was removed as General Secretary of the Party under pressure from the Soviet Politburo in June 1956

Question: was he also the founder of the above party you mentioned?

Answer: No - The Communist Party of Hungary (KMP) was first established by Béla Kun

Hungarian Communist Party [SEP] Foundation and early years

The Communist Party of Hungary (KMP) was first established as The "Party of Communists from Hungary" in late 1918 by Béla Kun, a former journalist who fought for Austria-Hungary in World War I. After spending time in a POW camp, Kun, along with several associates, set up the initial workings of the KMP in Moscow in October 1918. These first members returned to Hungary in November, and on the 24th officially created the KMP. The Communist party chose "The Party of Communists in Hungary" (Hungarian: Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) title instead of "Hungarian Communist Party", because - at the time - the vast majority of their represented social class: the factory workers the "proletariat" hadn't ethnic Hungarian roots in Budapest yet, and the ethnic Hungarians were only a minority in the newly founded party.


Context: who did they revolt against?

Context: 20 August 1949

Context: who formed it?

Context: Mátyás Rákosi

Context: who was he?

Context: A Hungarian communist politician.

Context: was he forced to retire?

Context: was he also the founder of the above party you mentioned?

Context: No - The Communist Party of Hungary (KMP) was first established by Béla Kun

Question: what was this last person's profession?

Answer: A  Hungarian Communist activist and politician who governed the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919.

Béla Kun [SEP] Introduction

Béla Kun (born Béla Kohn; 20 February 1886 – 29 August 1938) was a Hungarian Communist activist and politician who governed the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919. Though the de jure leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic was president Sándor Garbai, the de facto power was in the hands of foreign minister Béla Kun, who maintained direct contact with Vladimir Lenin via radiotelegraph. It was Lenin who gave the direct orders and advice to Béla Kun via constant radio communication with the Kremlin. Following the collapse of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, Kun fled to the Soviet Union, where he worked as a functionary in the Communist International bureaucracy as the head of the Crimean Revolutionary Committee from 1920.


Question: what was the role of individuals and groups in the first crusade

Answer: To recover the Holy Land from the Islamic rule. Mobs of predominantly poor Christians numbering in the thousands,  were the first to respond. What has become known as the People's Crusade passed through Germany and indulged in wide-ranging anti-Jewish activities and massacres.

Explanation:
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The initial objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule. These campaigns were subsequently given the name crusades. The earliest initiative for the First Crusade began in 1095 when the Byzantine Emperor, Alexios I Komnenos, requested military support from the Council of Piacenza in the Byzantine Empire's conflict with the Seljuk-led Turks. This was followed later in the year by the Council of Clermont, during which Pope Urban II supported the Byzantine request for military assistance and also urged faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem.

This call was met with an enthusiastic popular response across all social classes in western Europe. Mobs of predominantly poor Christians numbering in the thousands, led by Peter the Hermit, a French priest, were the first to respond. What has be

First Crusade [SEP] Introduction


Context: what was the role of individuals and groups in the first crusade

Context: To recover the Holy Land from the Islamic rule. Mobs of predominantly poor Christians numbering in the thousands,  were the first to respond. What has become known as the People's Crusade passed through Germany and indulged in wide-ranging anti-Jewish activities and massacres.

Question: where did it start?

Answer: 1096

Explanation: The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The initial objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule. These campaigns were subsequently given the name crusades. The earliest initiative for the First Crusade began in 1095 when the Byzantine Emperor, Alexios I Komnenos, requested military support from the Council of Piacenza in the Byzantine Empire's conflict with the Seljuk-led Turks. This was followed later in the year by the Council of Clermont, during which Pope Urban II supported the Byzantine request for military assistance and also urged faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem.

First Crusade [SEP] Introduction


Context: where did it start?

Question: where did it start?

Answer: Hungary, Rhineland

Explanation:
This unruly mob began to attack and pillage outside the city in search of supplies and food, prompting Alexios to hurriedly ferry the gathering across the Bosporus one week later. After crossing into Asia Minor, the crusaders split up and began to pillage the countryside, wandering into Seljuq territory around Nicaea. The greater experience of the Turks was overwhelming; and most of this group of the crusaders were massacred because of it. Some Italian and German crusaders were defeated and killed at Xerigordon at the end of August. Meanwhile, Walter and Peter's followers, who, although for the most part untrained in battle but led by about 50 knights, fought a battle against the Turks at Civetot in October. The Turkish archers destroyed the crusader army, and Walter was among the dead. Peter, who was absent in Constantinople at the time, later joined the main crusader army, along with the few survivors of Civetot.
At a local level, the preaching of the First Crusade ignited the Rhinel

First Crusade [SEP] People's Crusade

The great French nobles and their trained armies of knights, however, were not the first to undertake the journey towards Jerusalem. Urban had planned the departure of the first crusade for 15 August 1096, the Feast of the Assumption, but months before this, a number of unexpected armies of peasants and petty nobles set off for Jerusalem on their own, led by a charismatic priest called Peter the Hermit. Peter was the most successful of the preachers of Urban's message, and developed an almost hysterical enthusiasm among his followers, although he was probably not an "official" preacher sanctioned by Urban at Clermont.


Context: where did it start?

Context: where did it start?

Context: Hungary, Rhineland

Question: when did this religious war begin?

Answer: 1096

First Crusade [SEP] Introduction


Context: where did it start?

Context: where did it start?

Context: Hungary, Rhineland

Context: when did this religious war begin?

Question: what was the aim of this war?

Answer: To recover the Holy Land from the Islamic rule

First Crusade [SEP] Introduction


Context: where did it start?

Context: where did it start?

Context: Hungary, Rhineland

Context: when did this religious war begin?

Context: what was the aim of this war?

Context: To recover the Holy Land from the Islamic rule

Question: can you name any commander or leader who lead this war?

Answer: Peter the Hermit

Explanation: Peter the Hermit (also known as Cucupeter, Little Peter or Peter of Amiens; 1050 – unknown) was a priest of Amiens and a key figure during the First Crusade.

Peter the Hermit [SEP] Introduction


Context: where did it start?

Context: where did it start?

Context: Hungary, Rhineland

Context: when did this religious war begin?

Context: what was the aim of this war?

Context: can you name any commander or leader who lead this war?

Context: Peter the Hermit

Question: who was he?

Answer: A priest of Amiens and a key figure during the First Crusade.

Peter the Hermit [SEP] Introduction


Context: where did it start?

Context: where did it start?

Context: Hungary, Rhineland

Context: when did this religious war begin?

Context: what was the aim of this war?

Context: Peter the Hermit

Context: who was he?

Context: A priest of Amiens and a key figure during the First Crusade.

Question: which country does the above mentioned city fall under?

Answer: France

Amiens [SEP] Introduction

Amiens ( ,; ; , or ) is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Hauts-de-France. The city had a population of 136,105 according to the 2006 census, and has one of the biggest university hospitals in France with a capacity of 1,200 beds. Amiens Cathedral is the largest church in France by volume, estimated at 200,000 cubic metres (260,000 cu yd). It is also a World Heritage Site. The author Jules Verne lived in Amiens from 1871 until his death in 1905, and served on the city council for 15 years.


Context: where did it start?

Context: where did it start?

Context: Hungary, Rhineland

Context: when did this religious war begin?

Context: what was the aim of this war?

Context: Peter the Hermit

Context: who was he?

Context: which country does the above mentioned city fall under?

Context: France

Question: can you mention any mayor of the city?

Answer: Brigitte Fouré

Explanation: On 4 April 2014, Brigitte Fouré (IDU ) succeeded (PS). Her list was elected in the second round on 30 March 2014 with 50.39% of the votes.

Amiens [SEP] List of mayors


Context: where did it start?

Context: where did it start?

Context: Hungary, Rhineland

Context: when did this religious war begin?

Context: what was the aim of this war?

Context: Peter the Hermit

Context: who was he?

Context: France

Context: can you mention any mayor of the city?

Context: Brigitte Fouré

Question: does the city have major rivers?

Answer: Yes - River Somme

Amiens [SEP] Hydrography: Somme and canal, Avre and Selle

The main stem of the River Somme passes through Amiens and is generally benign, except during exceptional floods that can last up to several weeks (such as in spring 2001). It is also, on its southeastern outskirts, close to Camon and Longueau, the confluence with its main tributary on the left bank (to the south), and the Avre. The Selle enters from the northwest of Amiens, with two arms (including the Haute Selle) passing behind the Unicorn Stadium, the exhibition park, the megacity and horse racing track, then passing the end of the "Promenade de la Hotoie" and the zoo of Amiens, and to the right of the water treatment plant, in front of the island Sainte-Aragone, opposite the cemetery of La Madeleine in Amiens.


Context: where did it start?

Context: where did it start?

Context: Hungary, Rhineland

Context: when did this religious war begin?

Context: what was the aim of this war?

Context: Peter the Hermit

Context: who was he?

Context: France

Context: can you mention any mayor of the city?

Context: Brigitte Fouré

Context: does the city have major rivers?

Context: Yes - River Somme

Question: any popular ports?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: where did it start?

Context: where did it start?

Context: Hungary, Rhineland

Context: when did this religious war begin?

Context: what was the aim of this war?

Context: Peter the Hermit

Context: who was he?

Context: France

Context: can you mention any mayor of the city?

Context: Brigitte Fouré

Context: does the city have major rivers?

Context: Yes - River Somme

Context: any popular ports?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: has this city ever fought any war?

Answer: Yes - World War I, World War II

Explanation: The town was fought over during both World Wars, suffering significant damage, and was repeatedly occupied by both sides. The 1918 Battle of Amiens was the opening phase of the Hundred Days Offensive which directly led to the Armistice with Germany. The Royal Air Force heavily bombed the town during the Second World War. In the aftermath the city was rebuilt according to Pierre Dufau's plans with wider streets to ease traffic congestion. These newer structures were primarily built of brick, concrete and white stone with slate roofs. The architect Auguste Perret designed the Gare d'Amiens train station and nearby Tour Perret.

Amiens [SEP] Introduction


Question: what does episode 2 (twin peaks) refer to?

Answer: It is the third episode of the first season of the American mystery television series "Twin Peaks".

Explanation: "Episode 2", also known as "Zen, or the Skill to Catch a Killer", is the third episode of the first season of the American mystery television series "Twin Peaks".

Episode 2 (Twin Peaks) [SEP] Introduction

It has since influenced, and been parodied by, several subsequent television series. Academic readings of the episode have highlighted its depiction of heuristic, "a priori" knowledge, and the sexual undertones of several characters' actions.


Context: what does episode 2 (twin peaks) refer to?

Context: It is the third episode of the first season of the American mystery television series "Twin Peaks".

Question: who directed the series?

Answer: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Twin Peaks [SEP] Introduction

Twin Peaks is an American mystery drama television series created by Mark Frost and David Lynch that premiered on April 8, 1990, on ABC until its cancellation after its second season in 1991. The show gained a devoted cult following and has been referenced in a wide variety of media. In subsequent years, "Twin Peaks" is often listed among the greatest television series of all time, and is considered a landmark turning point in television drama. The series follows an investigation headed by FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper (Kyle MacLachlan) and local Sheriff Harry S. Truman (Michael Ontkean) into the murder of homecoming queen Laura Palmer (Sheryl Lee) in the fictional town of Twin Peaks, Washington.


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Question: what theme does it discuss?

Answer: The show's narrative draws on elements of detective fiction, but its uncanny tone, supernatural elements, and campy, melodramatic portrayal of eccentric characters also draw on American soap opera and horror tropes.

Twin Peaks [SEP] Introduction

The show's narrative draws on elements of detective fiction, but its uncanny tone, supernatural elements, and campy, melodramatic portrayal of eccentric characters also draw on American soap opera and horror tropes. Like much of Lynch's work, it is distinguished by surrealism, offbeat humor, and distinctive cinematography. The score was composed by Angelo Badalamenti with Lynch. The success of the show sparked a media franchise, and the series was followed by a 1992 feature film, "", that serves as a prequel to the series. Additional tie-in books were also released. Following a hiatus of over 25 years, the show returned in 2017 with a third season on Showtime"." The season was directed by Lynch and written by Lynch and Frost, and starred MacLachlan alongside other original cast members.


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Context: what theme does it discuss?

Context: The show's narrative draws on elements of detective fiction, but its uncanny tone, supernatural elements, and campy, melodramatic portrayal of eccentric characters also draw on American soap opera and horror tropes.

Question: around which character does the story revolves?

Answer: The homecoming queen Laura Palmer

Explanation: The series follows an investigation headed by FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper (Kyle MacLachlan) and local Sheriff Harry S. Truman (Michael Ontkean) into the murder of homecoming queen Laura Palmer (Sheryl Lee) in the fictional town of Twin Peaks, Washington.

Twin Peaks [SEP] Introduction


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Context: what theme does it discuss?

Context: around which character does the story revolves?

Context: The homecoming queen Laura Palmer

Question: who played that role in it?

Answer: Sheryl Lee

Twin Peaks [SEP] Introduction


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Context: what theme does it discuss?

Context: The homecoming queen Laura Palmer

Context: who played that role in it?

Context: Sheryl Lee

Question: was this her debut series?

Answer: Yes

Sheryl Lee [SEP] 1986—1993: Career beginnings and "Twin Peaks"

Lee's first television role was as the dead Laura Palmer in the television series "Twin Peaks". To save on money, creator David Lynch intended to cast a local girl from Seattle "just to play a dead girl". The local girl ended up being Sheryl Lee. Lynch asked Lee to audition for him after seeing a publicity photo of her in Seattle from one of the plays she was starring in at the time. "But no one — not Mark, me, anyone — had any idea that she could act, or that she was going to be so powerful just being dead." Indeed, the image of Lee wrapped in plastic as well as her Homecoming Queen-Photo became one of the show's most enduring and memorable images.


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Context: what theme does it discuss?

Context: The homecoming queen Laura Palmer

Context: who played that role in it?

Context: Sheryl Lee

Context: was this her debut series?

Context: Yes

Question: can you name a few other series or films that she was a part of?

Answer: "Backbeat", "Vampires", "Winter's Bone"

Sheryl Lee [SEP] Introduction

Sheryl Lynn Lee (born April 22, 1967) is an American film, stage, and television actress. After studying acting in college, Lee relocated to Seattle, Washington to work in theater, where she was cast by David Lynch as Laura Palmer and Maddy Ferguson on the 1990 cult TV series "Twin Peaks" and in the 1992 spin-off film "". After completing "Twin Peaks", she returned to theater, appearing in the title role of "Salome" on Broadway opposite Al Pacino. Her film roles include Astrid Kirchherr in "Backbeat" (1994), as well as a lead role in the drama "Mother Night" (1996), the role of Katrina in John Carpenter's "Vampires" (1998) and the part of April in "Winter's Bone" (2010).


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Context: what theme does it discuss?

Context: The homecoming queen Laura Palmer

Context: who played that role in it?

Context: Sheryl Lee

Context: was this her debut series?

Context: Yes

Context: can you name a few other series or films that she was a part of?

Context: "Backbeat", "Vampires", "Winter's Bone"

Question: what was the storyline of the third one?

Answer: The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties, the power and speed of gossip, self-sufficiency, poverty, and patriarchy as they are influenced by the pervasive underworld of illegal meth labs.

Winter's Bone [SEP] Introduction

Winter's Bone is a 2010 American mystery drama film directed by Debra Granik. It was adapted by Granik and Anne Rosellini from the 2006 novel of the same name by Daniel Woodrell. The film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenage girl in the rural Ozarks of Missouri who, to protect her family from eviction, must locate her missing father. The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties, the power and speed of gossip, self-sufficiency, poverty, and patriarchy as they are influenced by the pervasive underworld of illegal meth labs. The film won several awards, including the Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival.


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Context: what theme does it discuss?

Context: The homecoming queen Laura Palmer

Context: who played that role in it?

Context: Sheryl Lee

Context: was this her debut series?

Context: Yes

Context: "Backbeat", "Vampires", "Winter's Bone"

Context: what was the storyline of the third one?

Context: The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties, the power and speed of gossip, self-sufficiency, poverty, and patriarchy as they are influenced by the pervasive underworld of illegal meth labs.

Question: was the movie a commercially successful one?

Answer: Yes, it earned $6,531,503 domestically and $9,600,048 internationally for a total of $16,131,551, surpassing its $2 million budget.

Explanation: The film was in cinemas for over 45 weeks and ultimately earned $6,531,503 domestically and $9,600,048 internationally for a total of $16,131,551, surpassing its $2 million budget.

Winter's Bone [SEP] Box office


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Context: what theme does it discuss?

Context: The homecoming queen Laura Palmer

Context: who played that role in it?

Context: Sheryl Lee

Context: was this her debut series?

Context: Yes

Context: "Backbeat", "Vampires", "Winter's Bone"

Context: was the movie a commercially successful one?

Context: Yes, it earned $6,531,503 domestically and $9,600,048 internationally for a total of $16,131,551, surpassing its $2 million budget.

Question: did it receive any award?

Answer: Yes, the film won the Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Film and the Best Screenplay Award, it also received two awards at the 2010 Berlin Film Festival

Winter's Bone [SEP] Accolades

The film won the Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Film and the Best Screenplay Award at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. It also received two awards at the 2010 Berlin Film Festival in Germany and at the 2010 Stockholm International Film Festival, it won the awards for Best Film, Best Actress (Lawrence) and the Fipresci Prize. "Winter's Bone" also won Best Feature and Best Ensemble Performance at the 2010 Gotham Awards and it earned seven nominations at the 2010 Independent Spirit Awards, including Best Film, Best Director, and Best Actress.


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Context: what theme does it discuss?

Context: The homecoming queen Laura Palmer

Context: who played that role in it?

Context: Sheryl Lee

Context: was this her debut series?

Context: Yes

Context: "Backbeat", "Vampires", "Winter's Bone"

Context: did it receive any award?

Context: Yes, the film won the Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Film and the Best Screenplay Award, it also received two awards at the 2010 Berlin Film Festival

Question: when did it win the first one?

Answer: 2010

Explanation: The film won the Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Film and the Best Screenplay Award at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival.

Winter's Bone [SEP] Accolades


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Context: what theme does it discuss?

Context: The homecoming queen Laura Palmer

Context: who played that role in it?

Context: Sheryl Lee

Context: was this her debut series?

Context: Yes

Context: "Backbeat", "Vampires", "Winter's Bone"

Context: did it receive any award?

Context: when did it win the first one?

Question: during which event?

Answer: 2010 Sundance Film Festival

Explanation: The film won the Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Film and the Best Screenplay Award at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival

Winter's Bone [SEP] Accolades


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Context: what theme does it discuss?

Context: The homecoming queen Laura Palmer

Context: who played that role in it?

Context: Sheryl Lee

Context: was this her debut series?

Context: Yes

Context: "Backbeat", "Vampires", "Winter's Bone"

Context: did it receive any award?

Context: when did it win the first one?

Context: during which event?

Context: 2010 Sundance Film Festival

Question: who conducts it?

Answer: The Sundance Institute

Sundance Film Festival [SEP] Introduction

The Sundance Film Festival (formerly Utah/US Film Festival, then US Film and Video Festival) is an annual film festival organized by the Sundance Institute. It takes place each January in Park City, Utah, Salt Lake City, and at the Sundance Resort, and is the largest independent film festival in the United States. It includes competitive categories, includes documentary and dramatic films, both feature length and short films, in which awards are given, as well as out-of-competition categories for showcasing new films.


Context: who directed the series?

Context: Mark Frost and David Lynch

Context: what theme does it discuss?

Context: The homecoming queen Laura Palmer

Context: who played that role in it?

Context: Sheryl Lee

Context: was this her debut series?

Context: Yes

Context: "Backbeat", "Vampires", "Winter's Bone"

Context: did it receive any award?

Context: when did it win the first one?

Context: during which event?

Context: 2010 Sundance Film Festival

Context: who conducts it?

Context: The Sundance Institute

Question: what other programmes do they organize?

Answer: Film Music Program and Theatre Program

Sundance Institute [SEP] Film Music Program

The Sundance Institute Composers Lab, held every summer at the Skywalker Sound studio in Marin County, California, aims to enhance the role of music in independent film. Composers Lab Alumni include Bijan Olia, Cindy O'Connor, Sergei Stern, Jackson Greenberg, Camilla Uboldi, Jesi Nelson, Adam Schoenberg, Rebecca Dale, Ryan Rumery, and Darryl Jones. Composers Lab Advisors in 2017 include James Newton Howard, Harry Gregson-Williams, Thomas Newman, George Clinton, Miriam Cutler, Laura Karpman, Doreen Ringer-Ross, Christopher Beck, Todd Boekelheide, Dennis Leonard, Bob Edwards, Pete Horner, Malcolm Fife, Bonnie Wild, David Accord, Adam Smalley, Miguel Arteta, Robb Moss, Amir Bar-Lev, Toby Shimin and Jon Burlingame.


Question: how much money did david schwimmer make on friends

Answer: He was paid $75,000 per episode in season three, $85,000 in season four, $100,000 in season five, $125,000 in season six, $750,000 in seasons seven and eight, and $1 million in seasons nine and ten.

Explanation: The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three, $85,000 in season four, $100,000 in season five, $125,000 in season six, $750,000 in seasons seven and eight, and $1 million in seasons nine and ten

Friends [SEP] Cast and characters

The cast members also became best friends off-screen, so much so that recurring guest star Tom Selleck reported that he sometimes felt left out. The cast remained good friends after the series run, most notably Cox and Aniston, with Aniston being godmother to Cox and David Arquette's daughter, Coco. In the official farewell commemorative book "Friends 'Til the End", each separately acknowledged in interviews that the cast had become their family.


Context: how much money did david schwimmer make on friends

Context: He was paid $75,000 per episode in season three, $85,000 in season four, $100,000 in season five, $125,000 in season six, $750,000 in seasons seven and eight, and $1 million in seasons nine and ten.

Question: where was the series filmed?

Answer: The first season was shot on Stage 5 at Warner Bros. Studios, the second season was at Stage 24, the fourth-season finale was shot on location in London.

Explanation: The first season was shot on Stage 5 at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California. NBC executives had worried that the coffee house setting was too hip and asked for the series to be set in a diner, but eventually consented to the coffee house concept. The opening title sequence was filmed in a fountain at the Warner Bros. Ranch at 4:00 am, while it was particularly cold for a Burbank morning. At the beginning of the second season, production moved to the larger Stage 24, which was renamed "The Friends Stage" after the series f

Friends [SEP] Filming

Each 22-minute episode took six hours to film—twice the length of most sitcom tapings—mainly due to the several retakes and rewrites of the script. Although the producers always wanted to find the right stories to take advantage of being on location, "Friends" was never shot in New York. Bright felt that filming outside the studio made episodes less funny, even when shooting on the lot outside, and that the live audience was an integral part of the series. When the series was criticized for incorrectly depicting New York, with the financially struggling group of friends being able to afford huge apartments, Bright noted that the set had to be big enough for the cameras, lighting, and "for the audience to be able to see what's going on"; the apartments also needed to provide a place for the actors to execute the funny scripts.


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: The first season was shot on Stage 5 at Warner Bros. Studios, the second season was at Stage 24, the fourth-season finale was shot on location in London.

Question: who created this series?

Answer: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Friends [SEP] Introduction

Friends is an American television sitcom, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Kauffman, and Crane. Kauffman and Crane began developing "Friends" under the title "Insomnia Cafe" between November and December 1993.


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Question: did the cast have an on-screen get-together?

Answer: There is a Friends reunion.

Friends [SEP] Reunion

On November 12, 2019, "The Hollywood Reporter" announced that Warner Bros TV is developing a Friends reunion for HBO Max that would feature the whole cast and creators returning. On February 21, 2020, HBO confirmed that the unscripted reunion special, tentatively named "The One Where They Got Back Together", was set to be released in May the same year, along with the 236 original episodes of the series. On March 18, 2020, it was announced that the special, which was set to film on the "Friends" stage on March 23 and 24, had been postponed indefinitely, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Context: did the cast have an on-screen get-together?

Context: There is a Friends reunion.

Question: who announced this reunion?

Answer: "The Hollywood Reporter"

Explanation: On November 12, 2019, "The Hollywood Reporter" announced that Warner Bros TV is developing a Friends reunion for HBO Max that would feature the whole cast and creators returning. On February 21, 2020

Friends [SEP] Reunion


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Context: There is a Friends reunion.

Context: who announced this reunion?

Context: "The Hollywood Reporter"

Question: who is the founder of this media company?

Answer: William R. "Billy" Wilkerson.

The Hollywood Reporter [SEP] Early years

"THR" was founded in 1930 by William R. "Billy" Wilkerson (1890–1962) as Hollywood's first daily entertainment trade newspaper. The first edition appeared on September 3, 1930 and featured Wilkerson's front-page "Tradeviews" column, which became influential. The newspaper appeared Monday to Saturday for the first 10 years, except for a brief period, then Monday to Friday from 1940. Wilkerson ran the "THR" until his death in September 1962, although his final column appeared 18 months prior. Wilkerson's wife, Tichi Wilkerson Kassel, took over as publisher and editor-in-chief when her husband died.


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Context: There is a Friends reunion.

Context: who announced this reunion?

Context: "The Hollywood Reporter"

Context: who is the founder of this media company?

Context: William R. "Billy" Wilkerson.

Question: can you name some of its most famous reporters or editors?

Answer: Janice Min, Elizabeth Guider, Cynthia Littleton, Howard Burns and Alex Ben Block.

Explanation: "THR"'s editors have included Janice Min (2010–2017), Elizabeth Guider (2007–2010), Cynthia Littleton (2005–2007), Howard Burns (2001–2006), Anita Busch (1999–2001), and Alex Ben Block (1990–1999).

The Hollywood Reporter [SEP] Editors and reporters

In July 2007 "THR" named Elizabeth Guider as its new editor. An 18-year veteran of "Variety", where she served as Executive Editor, Guider assumed responsibility for the editorial vision and strategic direction of "The Hollywood Reporter"s daily and weekly editions, digital content offerings and executive conferences. Guider left "The Hollywood Reporter" in early 2010.


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Context: There is a Friends reunion.

Context: who announced this reunion?

Context: "The Hollywood Reporter"

Context: William R. "Billy" Wilkerson.

Context: can you name some of its most famous reporters or editors?

Context: Janice Min, Elizabeth Guider, Cynthia Littleton, Howard Burns and Alex Ben Block.

Question: what is its current status?

Answer: It publishes out of the same offices on Sunset Boulevard and sponsors and hosts a number of major industry events and awards ceremonies.

Explanation:
"The Hollywood Reporter" published out of the same offices on Sunset Boulevard for more than a half century. It is headquartered in L.A.'s Mid-Wilshire district.

"The Hollywood Reporter" sponsors and hosts a number of major industry events and awards ceremonies. It hosted 13 such events in 2012, including the Women in Entertainment Breakfast, where it announced its annual Power 100 list of the industry's most powerful women; the Key Art Awards (for achievement in entertainment advertising and communications); Power Lawyers Breakfast; Next Gen (honoring the industry's 50 fastest-rising stars and executives age 35 and under); Nominees Night; and the 25 Most Powerful Stylists Luncheon.

The Hollywood Reporter [SEP] Current status and legacy


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Context: There is a Friends reunion.

Context: who announced this reunion?

Context: "The Hollywood Reporter"

Context: William R. "Billy" Wilkerson.

Context: what is its current status?

Context: It publishes out of the same offices on Sunset Boulevard and sponsors and hosts a number of major industry events and awards ceremonies.

Question: was any lawsuit filed against it?

Answer: Yes, "Variety" sued "The Hollywood Reporter" for $46,500 for plagiarism.

The Hollywood Reporter [SEP] Competition and lawsuits

"Variety" was established in 1905 in New York City as a weekly trade paper, initially covering vaudeville, Tin Pan Alley and the city's Theater District. In 1932, "Variety" sued "The Hollywood Reporter" for $46,500 for plagiarism, alleging that "THR" was plagiarizing information from "Variety" following its publication in New York on Tuesdays, by way of phoning or wiring the information back to Hollywood, so that "THR" could publish the information before "Variety" reached Hollywood three days later on Friday. Then, in 1933, "Variety" started its own daily Hollywood edition, "Daily Variety", to cover the film industry. From 1988 to 2014, "Daily Variety" and "The Hollywood Reporter" were both located on Wilshire Boulevard along Miracle Mile.


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Context: There is a Friends reunion.

Context: who announced this reunion?

Context: "The Hollywood Reporter"

Context: William R. "Billy" Wilkerson.

Context: what is its current status?

Context: was any lawsuit filed against it?

Context: Yes, "Variety" sued "The Hollywood Reporter" for $46,500 for plagiarism.

Question: who is the current publisher?

Answer: Tony Uphoff.

The Hollywood Reporter [SEP] Publishers

Founder Billy Wilkerson served as the publisher of "THR" until his death in September 1962. Wilkerson's wife, Tichi Wilkerson Kassel, took over as publisher and editor-in-chief when her husband died. Robert J. Dowling, who was named president of "THR" when Kassel sold the company, became editor-in-chief and publisher in 1991. Tony Uphoff assumed the publisher position in November 2005.


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Context: There is a Friends reunion.

Context: who announced this reunion?

Context: "The Hollywood Reporter"

Context: William R. "Billy" Wilkerson.

Context: what is its current status?

Context: was any lawsuit filed against it?

Context: who is the current publisher?

Context: Tony Uphoff.

Question: what  was the cultural impact of the series we talked about?

Answer: Aniston's hairstyle was nicknamed "The Rachel" and copied around the world. Joey's catchphrase, "How "you" doin'?", became a popular part of Western English slang, often used as a pick-up line or when greeting friends.

Friends [SEP] Cultural impact

Although the producers thought of "Friends" as "only a TV show", psychologists investigated the cultural impact of "Friends" during the series's run. Aniston's hairstyle was nicknamed "The Rachel" and copied around the world. Joey's catchphrase, "How "you" doin'?", became a popular part of Western English slang, often used as a pick-up line or when greeting friends. The series also influenced the English language, according to a study by the University of Toronto that found that the characters used the emphasized word ""so"" to modify adjectives more often than any other intensifier. Although the preference had already made its way into the American vernacular, usage on the series may have accelerated the change.


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Context: There is a Friends reunion.

Context: who announced this reunion?

Context: "The Hollywood Reporter"

Context: William R. "Billy" Wilkerson.

Context: what is its current status?

Context: was any lawsuit filed against it?

Context: who is the current publisher?

Context: Tony Uphoff.

Context: what  was the cultural impact of the series we talked about?

Context: Aniston's hairstyle was nicknamed "The Rachel" and copied around the world. Joey's catchphrase, "How "you" doin'?", became a popular part of Western English slang, often used as a pick-up line or when greeting friends.

Question: who were the main actors in it?

Answer: ennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer.

Explanation: With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends

Friends [SEP] Introduction


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Context: There is a Friends reunion.

Context: who announced this reunion?

Context: "The Hollywood Reporter"

Context: William R. "Billy" Wilkerson.

Context: what is its current status?

Context: was any lawsuit filed against it?

Context: who is the current publisher?

Context: Tony Uphoff.

Context: who were the main actors in it?

Context: ennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer.

Question: has the second actor worked in any other series or films?

Answer: Yes, "Scream".

Courteney Cox [SEP] Introduction

Courteney Bass Cox (born June 15, 1964) is an American actress, producer, and director. She gained worldwide recognition for her starring role as Monica Geller on the NBC sitcom "Friends" (1994–2004) and as Gale Weathers in the horror film series "Scream" (1996–present). On television, Cox starred as Lauren Miller in the NBC sitcom "Family Ties" (1987–1989), Lucy Spiller in the FX drama series "Dirt" (2007–2008), and as Jules Cobb in the ABC/TBS sitcom "Cougar Town" (2009–2015), the lattermost of which earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination. Her other films include the action fantasy "Masters of the Universe" (1987), the comedy "" (1994), the animated comedy "Barnyard" (2006), the fantasy comedy "Bedtime Stories" (2008), and the independent drama "Mothers and Daughters" (2016).


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Context: There is a Friends reunion.

Context: who announced this reunion?

Context: "The Hollywood Reporter"

Context: William R. "Billy" Wilkerson.

Context: what is its current status?

Context: was any lawsuit filed against it?

Context: who is the current publisher?

Context: Tony Uphoff.

Context: who were the main actors in it?

Context: has the second actor worked in any other series or films?

Context: Yes, "Scream".

Question: is she married?

Answer: Yes, to David Arquette.

Courteney Cox [SEP] Personal life

Cox's previous boyfriends include rock promoter Ian Copeland, actor Michael Keaton, and singer Adam Duritz of Counting Crows. Cox married actor David Arquette on June 12, 1999, at Grace Cathedral in San Francisco. The couple have a daughter together named Coco, born in June 2004. Cox revealed that she suffered from postpartum depression six months after the birth of her child. Jennifer Aniston is the godmother. On October 11, 2010, Cox and Arquette announced that they had separated, although they still maintain a close friendship and ongoing business relationship in Coquette Productions. In June 2012, Arquette filed for divorce after nearly two years of separation from Cox.


Context: where was the series filmed?

Context: who created this series?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

Context: There is a Friends reunion.

Context: who announced this reunion?

Context: "The Hollywood Reporter"

Context: William R. "Billy" Wilkerson.

Context: what is its current status?

Context: was any lawsuit filed against it?

Context: who is the current publisher?

Context: Tony Uphoff.

Context: who were the main actors in it?

Context: Yes, "Scream".

Context: is she married?

Context: Yes, to David Arquette.

Question: what does she do other than acting?

Answer: Modeling.

Explanation: After graduating from Mountain Brook High School, Cox left for Mount Vernon College in Washington, D.C. (now part of George Washington University), but did not complete her architecture course, opting instead to pursue a career in modeling and acting. She has English ancestry.

Courteney Cox [SEP] Early life

Cox was born and raised in Birmingham, Alabama. She is a daughter of businessman Richard Lewis Cox and Courteney Copeland (née Bass). Cox has two older sisters, Virginia and Dorothy, and an older brother, Richard Jr. Her parents divorced in 1974 and her mother then married businessman Hunter Copeland (uncle to music promoter and business manager Ian Copeland and The Police drummer Stewart Copeland). After graduating from Mountain Brook High School, Cox left for Mount Vernon College in Washington, D.C. (now part of George Washington University), but did not complete her architecture course, opting instead to pursue a career in modeling and acting.


Question: when does princess fiona turn into an ogre

Answer: At night.

Princess Fiona [SEP] Introduction

Princess Fiona is a fictional character in DreamWorks' "Shrek" franchise, first appearing in the animated film "Shrek" (2001). One of the film series' main characters, Fiona is introduced as a beautiful princess placed under a curse that transforms her into an ogre at night. She is initially determined to break the enchantment by kissing a prince, only to meet and fall in love with Shrek, an ogre, instead. The character's origins and relationships with other characters are further explored in subsequent films; she introduces her new husband Shrek to her parents in "Shrek 2" (2004), becomes a mother by "Shrek the Third" (2007), and is an empowered warrior in "Shrek Forever After" (2010), much of which takes place in an alternate reality in which Fiona and Shrek never meet.


Context: when does princess fiona turn into an ogre

Context: At night.

Question: which film is this character from?

Answer: Shrek

Explanation: Princess Fiona is a fictional character in DreamWorks' "Shrek" franchise, first appearing in the animated film "Shrek" (2001).

Princess Fiona [SEP] Introduction


Context: At night.

Context: which film is this character from?

Context: Shrek

Question: who is the director of this film?

Answer: Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson.

Shrek [SEP] Introduction

Shrek is a 2001 American computer-animated comedy film loosely based on the 1990 fairy tale picture book of the same name by William Steig. Directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson in their directorial debuts, it stars Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz and John Lithgow as the voices of the lead characters. The film parodies other fairy tale adaptations, primarily aimed at animated Disney films. In the story, an ogre called Shrek (Myers) finds his swamp overrun by fairy tale creatures who have been banished by the corrupt Lord Farquaad (Lithgow) aspiring to be king. Shrek makes a deal with Farquaad to regain control of his swamp in return for rescuing Princess Fiona (Diaz), whom Farquaad intends to marry.


Context: At night.

Context: which film is this character from?

Context: Shrek

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson.

Question: what is this film about?

Answer: It is about an ogre who finds his swamp overrun by fairy tale creatures that have been banished by a corrupt Lord. who is aspiring to be a king. He makes a deal with with the Lord to regain control of his swamp in return for rescuing Princess Fiona, whom Farquaad intends to marry. He story revolves around this rescue journey and how he falls in love with the princess.

Explanation: In the story, an ogre called Shrek (Myers) finds his swamp overrun by fairy tale creatures who have been banished by the corrupt Lord Farquaad (Lithgow) aspiring to be king. Shrek makes a deal with Farquaad to regain control of his swamp in return for rescuing Princess Fiona (Diaz), whom Farquaad intends to marry. With the help of Donkey (Murphy), Shrek embarks on his quest but soon falls in love with the princess, who is hiding a secret that will change his life forever.

Shrek [SEP] Introduction

The film was theatrically released in the United States on May 18, 2001, and grossed $484.4 million worldwide against a production budget of $60 million. "Shrek" won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. It earned six award nominations from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), ultimately winning Best Adapted Screenplay. The film's success helped establish DreamWorks Animation as a prime competitor to Pixar in feature film computer animation, and three sequels were released—"Shrek 2" (2004), "Shrek the Third" (2007), and "Shrek Forever After" (2010)—along with two holiday specials, a spin-off film, and a stage musical that kickstarted the "Shrek" franchise.


Context: At night.

Context: which film is this character from?

Context: Shrek

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson.

Context: what is this film about?

Context: It is about an ogre who finds his swamp overrun by fairy tale creatures that have been banished by a corrupt Lord. who is aspiring to be a king. He makes a deal with with the Lord to regain control of his swamp in return for rescuing Princess Fiona, whom Farquaad intends to marry. He story revolves around this rescue journey and how he falls in love with the princess.

Question: did the film win any awards?

Answer: Yes, "Annie Awards" for "Best Animated Feature" is one of them.

Shrek [SEP] Accolades

The film was also nominated for Best Visual Effects, Best Sound, Best Film Music, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. "Shrek" was nominated for a dozen Annie Awards from ASIFA-Hollywood, and won eight Annies including Best Animated Feature and Outstanding Individual Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production. In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten top Ten"; the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community "Shrek" was acknowledged as the eighth best film in the animated genre, and the only non-Disney·Pixar film in the Top 10.


Context: At night.

Context: which film is this character from?

Context: Shrek

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson.

Context: what is this film about?

Context: did the film win any awards?

Context: Yes, "Annie Awards" for "Best Animated Feature" is one of them.

Question: who wrote the script for the character of the princess?

Answer: Maureen Furniss

Princess Fiona [SEP] Creation and writing

"Shrek" is loosely based on William Steig's children's book "Shrek!" (1990), but significantly deviates from its source material, particularly pertaining to its main characters. In Steig's story, a witch foretells that Shrek will marry an unnamed princess, who she describes as uglier in appearance than Shrek himself, enticing the ogre to seek her. Described as "the most stunningly ugly princess on the surface of the planet", Steig's princess bears little resemblance to Fiona, but the two characters are immediately attracted to each other and wed with little conflict. Animation historian Maureen Furniss, writing for Animation World Network, identified the fact that Shrek's love interest is altered from "a really ugly woman" into a beautiful princess as the film's most significant modification.


Context: At night.

Context: which film is this character from?

Context: Shrek

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson.

Context: what is this film about?

Context: did the film win any awards?

Context: who wrote the script for the character of the princess?

Context: Maureen Furniss

Question: can you describe the character's personality?

Answer: The character's main issue revolves around living up to stereotypes and ideas.

Princess Fiona [SEP] Personality

According to Rossio, the first film's four main characters are written "around the concept of self-esteem, and appropriate and/or inappropriate reactions to appropriate or inappropriate self-assessment", explaining that Fiona seeks validation from others because she believes "there's something not correct about herself". Adamson elaborated that the character's main issue revolves around living up to stereotypes and ideas "represented in fairy tales that if ... you look a certain way and act a certain way and put the right dress and slippers on a handsome man is going to come", dismissing this as an unrealistic and unhealthy approach to finding romance.


Context: At night.

Context: which film is this character from?

Context: Shrek

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson.

Context: what is this film about?

Context: did the film win any awards?

Context: Maureen Furniss

Context: can you describe the character's personality?

Context: The character's main issue revolves around living up to stereotypes and ideas.

Question: what kind of review did it receive?

Answer: Not all reviews were positive.

Princess Fiona [SEP] Critical response

Not all reviews were positive. Finding Fiona's fight scene unnecessary, Derek Armstrong of AllMovie wrote that it "leaves things feeling scattershot" despite its appealing visuals. In a negative review, CNN's Paul Tatara dismissed Fiona as "bland" and the film's "only miscue among the characters". Criticizing her design, Tatara felt the princess "gives off the creepy air of a possessed Barbie Doll" while "Diaz's California-girl line readings simply don't fit the character." Similarly, the "Chicago Tribune"'s Mark Caro found Fiona's design generic and Barbie-like, but admitted these characteristics benefit the film's plot and themes. Anthony Quinn of "The Independent" found Fiona's realism particularly troubling, suggesting that the animators should have simply "invite[d] Cameron Diaz to play her as well as voice her." Similarly, "The New Yorker" film critic Anthony Lane felt the character was too realistic, writing, "What I don't want is to gaze at Princess Fiona ...


Context: At night.

Context: which film is this character from?

Context: Shrek

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson.

Context: what is this film about?

Context: did the film win any awards?

Context: Maureen Furniss

Context: what kind of review did it receive?

Context: Not all reviews were positive.

Question: can you tell me about anyone feminist's idea of the character?

Answer: Rachel Giese of CBC found the character's "girl-power turn as a warrior princess" to be one of the instalment's most endearing changes.

Princess Fiona [SEP] Feminist analysis

who she loved, and fought for right to do her thing." Reviewing "Shrek Forever After", Rachel Giese of CBC found the character's "girl-power turn as a warrior princess" to be one of the installment's most endearing changes. Crowning the character "the best feminist action hero around", Emily Shire of "The Week" deemed Fiona "the kind of feminist action hero movies need more of", describing her as a strong heroine who "saves herself and loved ones" while accepting the "'ugly' and 'gross' aspects of herself". Shire also voiced her preference for Fiona over "The Hunger Games"' Katniss Everdeen and the superheroine Wonder Woman.


Context: At night.

Context: which film is this character from?

Context: Shrek

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson.

Context: what is this film about?

Context: did the film win any awards?

Context: Maureen Furniss

Context: what kind of review did it receive?

Context: Not all reviews were positive.

Context: can you tell me about anyone feminist's idea of the character?

Context: Rachel Giese of CBC found the character's "girl-power turn as a warrior princess" to be one of the instalment's most endearing changes.

Question: who was she?

Answer: She is a Canadian journalist.

Rachel Giese [SEP] Introduction

Rachel Giese is a Canadian journalist, who won the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing in 2019 for her book "Boys: What It Means to Become a Man". Currently the editorial director of LGBT news website "Daily Xtra", her work has also appeared in "The Grid", "The Walrus", the "Toronto Star", "Chatelaine", "The Globe and Mail", "Toronto Life", "Canadian Business", "Hazlitt" and "Flare". She has taught feature journalism writing at Ryerson University, and has been heard on CBC Radio as a guest host of "Q", "Day 6" and "The Sunday Edition". An out lesbian, she lives in Toronto with her partner Jenn Miller and their son.


Context: At night.

Context: which film is this character from?

Context: Shrek

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson.

Context: what is this film about?

Context: did the film win any awards?

Context: Maureen Furniss

Context: what kind of review did it receive?

Context: Not all reviews were positive.

Context: who was she?

Context: She is a Canadian journalist.

Question: and for which channel?

Answer: "Daily Xtra".

Explanation: Currently the editorial director of LGBT news website "Daily Xtra", her work has also appeared in "The Grid", "The Walrus", the "Toronto Star", "Chatelaine", "The Globe and Mail", "Toronto Life", "Canadian Business", "Hazlitt" and "Flare".

Rachel Giese [SEP] Introduction


Question: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Answer: "The Eye"  is the image most often associated with Sauron, Sauron's Orcs bore the symbol of the Eye on their helmets and shields, and referred to him as the "Eye" because he did not allow his name to be written or spoken, according to Aragorn

Sauron [SEP] Eye of Sauron

Throughout "The Lord of the Rings", "the Eye" (the Red Eye, the Evil Eye, the Lidless Eye, the Great Eye) is the image most often associated with Sauron. Sauron's Orcs bore the symbol of the Eye on their helmets and shields, and referred to him as the "Eye" because he did not allow his name to be written or spoken, according to Aragorn. The Lord of the Nazgûl threatened Éowyn with torture before the "Lidless Eye" at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. Frodo had a vision of the Eye in the Mirror of Galadriel: Later, Tolkien writes as if Frodo and Sam really glimpse the Eye directly.


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: "The Eye"  is the image most often associated with Sauron, Sauron's Orcs bore the symbol of the Eye on their helmets and shields, and referred to him as the "Eye" because he did not allow his name to be written or spoken, according to Aragorn

Question: what is it ?

Answer: Sauron is the title character and the main antagonist from the novel "The Lord of the Rings"

Sauron [SEP] Introduction

Sauron (pronounced ) is the title character and the main antagonist, through the forging of the One Ring, of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings", where he rules the land of Mordor and has the ambition of ruling the whole of Middle-earth. In the same work, he is identified as the "Necromancer" of Tolkien's earlier novel "The Hobbit". In "The Silmarillion", he is also described as the chief lieutenant of the first Dark Lord, Morgoth. Tolkien noted that the Ainur, the "angelic" powers of his constructed myth, "were capable of many degrees of error and failing", but by far the worst was "the absolute Satanic rebellion and evil of Morgoth and his satellite Sauron".


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: Sauron is the title character and the main antagonist from the novel "The Lord of the Rings"

Question: is he in any video games ?

Answer: Yes- he appeared in many computer and video games

Explanation:
Sauron appears in the merchandise of the Jackson films, including computer and video games. These include "", "", and "".

Sauron is a playable character in games such as "", voiced by Jon Olson. He is alluded to in "" as the Black Hand of Sauron, the aspect that resided within the hand cut off by Isildur during the War of the Last Alliance. While Sauron was voiced by Steve Blum, the Black Hand of Sauron was voiced by Nolan North.
Sauron appears as a boss in "Lego Dimensions" with his voice provided by Steve Blum once again.

Sauron [SEP] Video games


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: Yes- he appeared in many computer and video games

Question: how is he's physical body ?

Answer: Tolkien never describes Sauron's appearance in detail, though he painted a watercolour illustration of him, he become "truly unforgettable, vaster, bolder and more terrifying through his absence than he could ever have been through his presence"

Sauron [SEP] Physical body

Tolkien never describes Sauron's appearance in detail, though he painted a watercolour illustration of him. Sarah Crown, in "The Guardian", writes that "we're never ushered into his presence; we don't hear him speak. All we see is his influence". She calls it "a bold move, to leave the book's central evil so undefined – an edgeless darkness given shape only through the actions of its subordinates", with the result that he becomes "truly unforgettable ... vaster, bolder and more terrifying through his absence than he could ever have been through his presence". He was initially able to change his appearance at will, but when he became Morgoth's servant, he took a sinister shape.


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: Tolkien never describes Sauron's appearance in detail, though he painted a watercolour illustration of him, he become "truly unforgettable, vaster, bolder and more terrifying through his absence than he could ever have been through his presence"

Question: what is his reference in culture ?

Answer: In the Marvel Comics Universe, the supervillain Sauron, an enemy of the X-Men, names himself after the Tolkien character, etc

Explanation:
In the Marvel Comics Universe, the supervillain Sauron, an enemy of the X-Men, names himself after the Tolkien character.

In the comic series "Fables", by Bill Willingham, one character is called "The Adversary", an ambiguous figure of immense evil and power believed to be responsible for much of the misfortune in the Fables' overall history. Willingham has stated "The Adversary", in name and in character, was inspired by Sauron.

Sauron [SEP] In culture

The Eye of Sauron is mentioned in "The Stand", a post-apocalyptic novel written by Stephen King. The villain Randall Flagg possesses an astral body in the form of an "Eye" akin to the Lidless Eye. The novel itself was conceived by King as a "fantasy epic like "The Lord of the Rings", only with an American setting". The idea of Sauron as a sleepless eye that watches and seeks the protagonists also influenced King's epic fantasy series "The Dark Tower"; its villain, the Crimson King, is a similarly disembodied evil presence whose icon is also an eye. In the Marvel Comics Universe, the supervillain Sauron, an enemy of the X-Men, names himself after the Tolkien character.


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: In the Marvel Comics Universe, the supervillain Sauron, an enemy of the X-Men, names himself after the Tolkien character, etc

Question: who wrote the above novel ?

Answer: J. R. R. Tolkien

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Introduction

The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel by the English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. Set in Middle-earth, the world at some distant time in the past, the story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 children's book "The Hobbit", but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, "The Lord of the Rings" is one of the best-selling books ever written, with over 150 million copies sold. The title names the story's main antagonist, the Dark Lord Sauron, who had in an earlier age created the One Ring to rule the other Rings of Power as the ultimate weapon in his campaign to conquer and rule all of Middle-earth.


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Question: when was it written ?

Answer: Between 1937 and 1949

Explanation: Written in stages between 1937 and 1949


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Context: when was it written ?

Context: Between 1937 and 1949

Question: any awards won ?

Answer: Yes- it was awarded the International Fantasy Award

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Awards

In 1957, "The Lord of the Rings" was awarded the International Fantasy Award. Despite its numerous detractors, the publication of the Ace Books and Ballantine paperbacks helped "The Lord of the Rings" become immensely popular in the United States in the 1960s. The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys. In the 2003 "Big Read" survey conducted in Britain by the BBC, "The Lord of the Rings" was found to be the "Nation's best-loved book". In similar 2004 polls both Germany and Australia chose "The Lord of the Rings" as their favourite book.


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Context: when was it written ?

Context: Between 1937 and 1949

Context: any awards won ?

Context: Yes- it was awarded the International Fantasy Award

Question: has it been adapted into any movies ?

Answer: Yes-  "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Film

A variety of filmmakers considered adapting Tolkien's book, among them Stanley Kubrick, who thought it unfilmable, Michelangelo Antonioni, Heinz Edelmann, and John Boorman. In 1978, Ralph Bakshi made an animated film version covering "The Fellowship of the Ring" and part of "The Two Towers", to mostly poor reviews. In 1980, Rankin/Bass released an animated TV special based on the closing chapters of "The Return of the King", gaining mixed reviews. A far more successful adaptation was Peter Jackson's live action "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, produced by New Line Cinema and released in three instalments as "" (2001), "" (2002), and "" (2003).


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Context: when was it written ?

Context: Between 1937 and 1949

Context: any awards won ?

Context: has it been adapted into any movies ?

Context: Yes-  "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy

Question: who directed it ?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Film


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Context: when was it written ?

Context: Between 1937 and 1949

Context: any awards won ?

Context: has it been adapted into any movies ?

Context: who directed it ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the impact of the novel on popular culture ?

Answer: Its impact is such that the words "Tolkienian" and "Tolkienesque" have entered the "Oxford English Dictionary", and many of his fantasy terms, formerly little-known in English, such as "Orc" and "Warg", have become widespread in that domain

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Impact on popular culture

"The Lord of the Rings" has had a profound and wide-ranging impact on popular culture, beginning with its publication in the 1950s, but especially during the 1960s and 1970s, when young people embraced it as a countercultural saga. "Frodo Lives!" and "Gandalf for President" were two phrases popular amongst United States Tolkien fans during this time. Its impact is such that the words "Tolkienian" and "Tolkienesque" have entered the "Oxford English Dictionary", and many of his fantasy terms, formerly little-known in English, such as "Orc" and "Warg", have become widespread in that domain. Among its effects are numerous parodies, especially "Harvard Lampoon" "Bored of the Rings", which has had the distinction of remaining continuously in print from its publication in 1969, and of being translated into at least 11 languages.


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Context: when was it written ?

Context: Between 1937 and 1949

Context: any awards won ?

Context: has it been adapted into any movies ?

Context: who directed it ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the impact of the novel on popular culture ?

Context: Its impact is such that the words "Tolkienian" and "Tolkienesque" have entered the "Oxford English Dictionary", and many of his fantasy terms, formerly little-known in English, such as "Orc" and "Warg", have become widespread in that domain

Question: what are its influence ?

Answer: Tolkien drew on a wide array of influences including language, Christianity, mythology including the Norse "Völsunga saga", archaeology, especially at the Temple of Nodens, ancient and modern literature, and personal experience

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Influences

Tolkien drew on a wide array of influences including language, Christianity, mythology including the Norse "Völsunga saga", archaeology, especially at the Temple of Nodens, ancient and modern literature, and personal experience. He was inspired primarily by his profession, philology; his work centred on the study of Old English literature, especially "Beowulf", and he acknowledged its importance to his writings. He was a gifted linguist, influenced by Celtic, Finnish, Slavic, and Greek language and mythology. Commentators have attempted to identify literary and topological antecedents for characters, places and events in Tolkien's writings; he acknowledged that he had enjoyed adventure stories by authors such as John Buchan and Rider Haggard.


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Context: when was it written ?

Context: Between 1937 and 1949

Context: any awards won ?

Context: has it been adapted into any movies ?

Context: who directed it ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its influence ?

Context: Tolkien drew on a wide array of influences including language, Christianity, mythology including the Norse "Völsunga saga", archaeology, especially at the Temple of Nodens, ancient and modern literature, and personal experience

Question: how many books are there in total ?

Answer: Six

Structurally, the work is divided internally into six books, two per volume, with several appendices of background material at the end. Some editions print the entire work into a single volume, following the author's original intent.


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Context: when was it written ?

Context: Between 1937 and 1949

Context: any awards won ?

Context: has it been adapted into any movies ?

Context: who directed it ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its influence ?

Context: how many books are there in total ?

Context: Six

Question: has it been translated into any other language ?

Answer: Yes- it has been reported the work has been translated at least into 70 languages

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Translations

The work has been translated, with varying degrees of success, into at least 38, and reportedly at least 70, languages. Tolkien, an expert in philology, examined many of these translations, and made comments on each that reflect both the translation process and his work. As he was unhappy with some choices made by early translators, such as the Swedish translation by Åke Ohlmarks, Tolkien wrote a "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings" (1967). Because "The Lord of the Rings" purports to be a translation of the fictitious "Red Book of Westmarch", with the English language representing the Westron of the "original", Tolkien suggested that translators attempt to capture the interplay between English and the invented nomenclature of the English work, and gave several examples along with general guidance.


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Context: when was it written ?

Context: Between 1937 and 1949

Context: any awards won ?

Context: has it been adapted into any movies ?

Context: who directed it ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its influence ?

Context: how many books are there in total ?

Context: Six

Context: has it been translated into any other language ?

Context: Yes- it has been reported the work has been translated at least into 70 languages

Question: are there poetries based on it ?

Answer: Yes

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Poetry

Unusually for 20th century novels, the prose narrative is supplemented throughout by over 60 pieces of poetry. These include verse and songs of many genres: for wandering, marching to war, drinking, and having a bath; narrating ancient myths, riddles, prophecies, and magical incantations; and of praise and lament (elegy). Some, such as riddles, charms, elegies, and narrating heroic actions are found in Old English poetry. Scholars have stated that the poetry is essential for the fiction to work aesthetically and thematically, as it adds information not given in the prose, and it brings out characters and their backgrounds. The poetry has been judged to be of high technical skill, reflected in his prose; for instance, he wrote much of Tom Bombadil's speech in metre.


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Context: when was it written ?

Context: Between 1937 and 1949

Context: any awards won ?

Context: has it been adapted into any movies ?

Context: who directed it ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its influence ?

Context: how many books are there in total ?

Context: Six

Context: are there poetries based on it ?

Context: Yes

Question: what about its publication history ?

Answer: It was published in three volumes over the course from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955

From homely beginnings in the Shire, a hobbit land reminiscent of the English countryside, the story ranges across Middle-earth, following the quest mainly through the eyes of the hobbits Frodo, Sam, Merry and Pippin. Although generally known to readers as a trilogy, the work was initially intended by Tolkien to be one volume of a two-volume set along with "The Silmarillion", but this idea was dismissed by his publisher. For economic reasons, "The Lord of the Rings" was published in three volumes over the course of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955. The three volumes were titled "The Fellowship of the Ring", "The Two Towers" and "The Return of the King".


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Context: when was it written ?

Context: Between 1937 and 1949

Context: any awards won ?

Context: has it been adapted into any movies ?

Context: who directed it ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its influence ?

Context: how many books are there in total ?

Context: Six

Context: are there poetries based on it ?

Context: Yes

Context: what about its publication history ?

Context: It was published in three volumes over the course from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955

Question: where was the author born ?

Answer: Bloemfontein in the Orange Free State

J. R. R. Tolkien [SEP] Childhood

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on 3 January 1892 in Bloemfontein in the Orange Free State (later annexed by the British Empire; now Free State Province in the Republic of South Africa), to Arthur Reuel Tolkien (1857–1896), an English bank manager, and his wife Mabel, "née" Suffield (1870–1904). The couple had left England when Arthur was promoted to head the Bloemfontein office of the British bank for which he worked. Tolkien had one sibling, his younger brother, Hilary Arthur Reuel Tolkien, who was born on 17 February 1894. As a child, Tolkien was bitten by a large baboon spider in the garden, an event some think later echoed in his stories, although he admitted no actual memory of the event and no special hatred of spiders as an adult.


Context: the eye of sauron lord of the rings

Context: what is it ?

Context: is he in any video games ?

Context: how is he's physical body ?

Context: what is his reference in culture ?

Context: who wrote the above novel ?

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien

Context: when was it written ?

Context: Between 1937 and 1949

Context: any awards won ?

Context: has it been adapted into any movies ?

Context: who directed it ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its influence ?

Context: how many books are there in total ?

Context: Six

Context: are there poetries based on it ?

Context: Yes

Context: what about its publication history ?

Context: where was the author born ?

Context: Bloemfontein in the Orange Free State

Question: name some other novels written by him ?

Answer: "The Hobbit" is one of them

J. R. R. Tolkien [SEP] Introduction

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (; 3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer, poet, philologist, and academic, best known as the author of the high fantasy works "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings". He served as the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon and Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, from 1925 to 1945 and Merton Professor of English Language and Literature and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, from 1945 to 1959. He was at one time a close friend of C. S. Lewis—they were both members of the informal literary discussion group known as The Inklings.


Question: what is smyth report?

Answer: An administrative history about the Manhattan Project.

Smyth Report [SEP] Introduction

The Smyth Report (officially Atomic Energy for Military Purposes) is the common name of an administrative history written by American physicist Henry DeWolf Smyth about the Manhattan Project, the Allied effort to develop atomic bombs during World War II. The subtitle of the report is A General Account of the Development of Methods of Using Atomic Energy for Military Purposes. It was released to the public on August 12, 1945, just days after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9. Smyth was commissioned to write the report by Major General Leslie R. Groves, Jr., the director of the Manhattan Project.


Context: what is smyth report?

Context: An administrative history about the Manhattan Project.

Question: who is the author?

Answer: Henry DeWolf Smyth

Explanation: written by American physicist Henry DeWolf Smyth

Smyth Report [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is smyth report?

Context: who is the author?

Context: Henry DeWolf Smyth

Question: was this report translated?

Answer: Yes, into Russian

Smyth Report [SEP] Russian translation

The Soviet Union, eager to make progress on its own atomic weapon development and determined to follow the path that the Manhattan Project had found success with, commissioned a Russian translation of "Atomic Energy for Military Purposes". It was typeset form by mid-November 1945, and then was published by the State Railway Transportation Publishing House on January 30, 1946. Some 30,000 copies were printed and it was widely distributed to the many scientists and engineers working in the Soviet effort. In a number of cases, the Soviets consulted the Smyth Report to see how they might deal with certain obstacles that had arisen in their project.


Context: what is smyth report?

Context: who is the author?

Context: Henry DeWolf Smyth

Context: was this report translated?

Context: Yes, into Russian

Question: from where did the author complete his education?

Answer: Princeton University and the University of Cambridge

Henry DeWolf Smyth [SEP] Introduction

Henry DeWolf "Harry" Smyth (; May 1, 1898September 11, 1986) was an American physicist, diplomat, and bureaucrat. He played a number of key roles in the early development of nuclear energy, as a participant in the Manhattan Project, a member of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), and U.S. ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Educated at Princeton University and the University of Cambridge, he was a faculty member in Princeton's Department of Physics from 1924 to 1966. He chaired the department from 1935 to 1949. His early research was on the ionization of gases, but his interests shifted toward nuclear physics beginning in the mid-1930s.


Context: what is smyth report?

Context: who is the author?

Context: Henry DeWolf Smyth

Context: was this report translated?

Context: Yes, into Russian

Context: from where did the author complete his education?

Context: Princeton University and the University of Cambridge

Question: what was his role in world war ii?

Answer: He was a member of the National Defense Research Committee's Uranium Committee and a consultant on the Manhattan Project.

Henry DeWolf Smyth [SEP] Introduction

During World War II he was a member of the National Defense Research Committee's Uranium Committee and a consultant on the Manhattan Project. He wrote the Manhattan Project's first public official history, which came to be known as the Smyth Report.


Context: what is smyth report?

Context: who is the author?

Context: Henry DeWolf Smyth

Context: was this report translated?

Context: Yes, into Russian

Context: what was his role in world war ii?

Context: He was a member of the National Defense Research Committee's Uranium Committee and a consultant on the Manhattan Project.

Question: when was the above research committee formed?

Answer: June 27, 1940

National Defense Research Committee [SEP] Introduction

The National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) was an organization created "to coordinate, supervise, and conduct scientific research on the problems underlying the development, production, and use of mechanisms and devices of warfare" in the United States from June 27, 1940, until June 28, 1941. Most of its work was done with the strictest secrecy, and it began research of what would become some of the most important technology during World War II, including radar and the atomic bomb. It was superseded by the Office of Scientific Research and Development in 1941, and reduced to merely an advisory organization until it was eventually terminated during 1947.


Context: what is smyth report?

Context: who is the author?

Context: Henry DeWolf Smyth

Context: was this report translated?

Context: Yes, into Russian

Context: what was his role in world war ii?

Context: when was the above research committee formed?

Context: June 27, 1940

Question: does the first university you mentioned have a theatre?

Answer: Yes, the McCarter Theatre

Princeton University [SEP] McCarter Theatre

The Tony-award-winning McCarter Theatre was built by the Princeton Triangle Club, a student performance group, using club profits and a gift from Princeton University alumnus Thomas McCarter. Today, the Triangle Club performs its annual freshmen revue, fall show, and Reunions performances in McCarter. McCarter is also recognized as one of the leading regional theaters in the United States.


Context: what is smyth report?

Context: who is the author?

Context: Henry DeWolf Smyth

Context: was this report translated?

Context: Yes, into Russian

Context: what was his role in world war ii?

Context: June 27, 1940

Context: does the first university you mentioned have a theatre?

Context: Yes, the McCarter Theatre

Question: what is it used for?

Answer: For annual freshmen revue, fall show, and Reunions performances.

Explanation: The Tony-award-winning McCarter Theatre was built by the Princeton Triangle Club, a student performance group, using club profits and a gift from Princeton University alumnus Thomas McCarter. Today, the Triangle Club performs its annual freshmen revue, fall show, and Reunions performances in McCarter.


Context: what is smyth report?

Context: who is the author?

Context: Henry DeWolf Smyth

Context: was this report translated?

Context: Yes, into Russian

Context: what was his role in world war ii?

Context: June 27, 1940

Context: Yes, the McCarter Theatre

Context: what is it used for?

Context: For annual freshmen revue, fall show, and Reunions performances.

Question: what are some of the traditions this university follows?

Answer: Some traditions like Clapper Theft and Nude Olympics have been discontinued.

Princeton University [SEP] Traditions

Princeton enjoys a wide variety of campus traditions, some of which, like the Clapper Theft and Nude Olympics, have faded into history: