Context: what was the result of the election?

Context: The winners of the 1936 elections were the Popular Front.

Question: which parties were a part of the popular front?

Answer: Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Republican Left (Spain) (IR), Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC), Republican Union (UR), Communist Party of Spain (PCE), Acció Catalana (AC) and other parties.

Explanation: The winners of the 1936 elections were the Popular Front, a left-wing coalition of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Republican Left (Spain) (IR), Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC), Republican Union (UR), Communist Party of Spain (PCE), Acció Catalana (AC) and other parties.


Context: who were the major candidates in 1936 spanish general election?

Context: Popular Front and Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA)

Context: did anything noteworthy happen before it?

Context: In the 1933 election, Spain was divided into multi-member constituencies.

Context: what was the result of the election?

Context: which parties were a part of the popular front?

Context: Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Republican Left (Spain) (IR), Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC), Republican Union (UR), Communist Party of Spain (PCE), Acció Catalana (AC) and other parties.

Question: was the first party involved in civil war?

Answer: Yes, Spanish Civil War

Explanation: The PSOE played a key role during the Second Spanish Republic, being part of coalition government from 1931 to 1933 and from 1936 to 1939, when the Republic was defeated by Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War.

Spanish Socialist Workers' Party [SEP] Introduction

Historically a Marxist party, it abandoned Marxism in 1979. The PSOE has historically had strong ties with the General Union of Workers (UGT), a Spanish trade union. For a couple of decades, the UGT membership was a requirement for the PSOE membership. Since the 1980s, the UGT has frequently criticized the economic policies of the PSOE, even calling for several general strikes against the PSOE governments on 14 December 1988, 28 May 1992, 27 January 1994 and 29 September 2010, all jointly with the Workers' Commissions, another major trade union. Both the trade unions and the left have often criticized the economic policies of the PSOE for its economic liberal nature, have denounced the policies of deregulation and generalization of the precarious and temporary work, cuts in social benefits such as unemployment and retirement as well as the privatisations of big companies and public services.


Context: what was the result of the election?

Context: was the first party involved in civil war?

Context: Yes, Spanish Civil War

Question: why did it take place?

Answer: It began after a "pronunciamiento" against the Republican government by a group of generals of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, with General Emilio Mola as the primary planner and leader and having General José Sanjurjo as a figurehead.

Spanish Civil War [SEP] Introduction

According to Claude Bowers, U.S. ambassador to Spain during the war, it was the "dress rehearsal" for World War II. The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939, and ruled Spain until Franco's death in November 1975. The war began after a "pronunciamiento" (a declaration of military opposition, of revolt) against the Republican government by a group of generals of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, with General Emilio Mola as the primary planner and leader and having General José Sanjurjo as a figurehead. The government at the time was a coalition of Republicans, supported in the Cortes by communist and socialist parties, under the leadership of centre-left President Manuel Azaña.


Context: what was the result of the election?

Context: Yes, Spanish Civil War

Context: why did it take place?

Context: It began after a "pronunciamiento" against the Republican government by a group of generals of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, with General Emilio Mola as the primary planner and leader and having General José Sanjurjo as a figurehead.

Question: were any atrocities committed?

Answer: Historian Michael Seidman stated that the Nationalists killed approximately 130,000 people and the Republicans approximately 50,000 people.

Spanish Civil War [SEP] Atrocities

Death totals remain debated. British historian Antony Beevor wrote in his history of the Civil War that Franco's ensuing "white terror" resulted in the deaths of 200,000 people and that the "red terror" killed 38,000. Julius Ruiz contends that, "Although the figures remain disputed, a minimum of 37,843 executions were carried out in the Republican zone, with a maximum of 150,000 executions (including 50,000 after the war) in Nationalist Spain". Historian Michael Seidman stated that the Nationalists killed approximately 130,000 people and the Republicans approximately 50,000 people. In 2008 a Spanish judge, Baltasar Garzón, opened an investigation into the executions and disappearances of 114,266 people between 17 July 1936 and December 1951.


Context: what was the result of the election?

Context: Yes, Spanish Civil War

Context: why did it take place?

Context: were any atrocities committed?

Context: Historian Michael Seidman stated that the Nationalists killed approximately 130,000 people and the Republicans approximately 50,000 people.

Question: did children have to be evacuated?

Answer: Yes, the Republicans oversaw the evacuation of 30,000–35,000 children from their zone, starting with Basque areas, from which 20,000 were evacuated.

Spanish Civil War [SEP] Evacuation of children

The Republicans oversaw the evacuation of 30,000–35,000 children from their zone, starting with Basque areas, from which 20,000 were evacuated. Their destinations included the United Kingdom and the USSR, and many other locations in Europe, along with Mexico. On 21 May 1937, around 4,000 Basque children were taken to the UK on the aging steamship SS "Habana" from the Spanish port of Santurtzi. This was against initial opposition from both the government and charitable groups, who saw the removal of children from their native country as potentially harmful. On arrival two days later in Southampton, the children were dispersed all over England, with over 200 children accommodated in Wales.


Context: what was the result of the election?

Context: Yes, Spanish Civil War

Context: why did it take place?

Context: were any atrocities committed?

Context: did children have to be evacuated?

Context: Yes, the Republicans oversaw the evacuation of 30,000–35,000 children from their zone, starting with Basque areas, from which 20,000 were evacuated.

Question: who evacuated them?

Answer: The Republicans


Context: what was the result of the election?

Context: Yes, Spanish Civil War

Context: why did it take place?

Context: were any atrocities committed?

Context: did children have to be evacuated?

Context: who evacuated them?

Context: The Republicans

Question: when did the coup begin?

Answer: 17 July 1936

Explanation: . The plan was discovered in Morocco on 17 July, which prompted the conspirators to enact it immediately.

Spanish Civil War [SEP] Beginning of the coup

Quick action by either the rebels or anarchist militias was often enough to decide the fate of a town. General Gonzalo Queipo de Llano secured Seville for the rebels, arresting a number of other officers.


Question: who shot tom hanks in saving private ryan

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Saving Private Ryan [SEP] Introduction

Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat. Set during the Invasion of Normandy in World War II, the film is known for its graphic portrayal of war and for the intensity of its second scene of 23 minutes, a depiction of the Omaha Beach assault during the Normandy landings. The film follows United States Army Rangers Captain John H. Miller (Tom Hanks) and his squad (Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Giovanni Ribisi, Vin Diesel, Adam Goldberg, and Jeremy Davies) as they search for a paratrooper, Private First Class James Francis Ryan (Matt Damon), the last surviving brother of a family of four, with his three other brothers having been killed in action.


Context: who shot tom hanks in saving private ryan

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the genre of this film?

Answer: Epic war film

Explanation: Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war film directed by Steven Spielberg

Saving Private Ryan [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Question: who directed it?

Answer: Steven Spielberg

Explanation: Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat

Saving Private Ryan [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Question: which actors are there in it?

Answer: Tom Hanks, Matt Damon, Vin Diesel, among others.

Explanation: The film follows United States Army Rangers Captain John H. Miller (Tom Hanks) and his squad (Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Giovanni Ribisi, Vin Diesel, Adam Goldberg, and Jeremy Davies) as they search for a paratrooper, Private First Class James Francis Ryan (Matt Damon), the last surviving brother of a family of four, with his three other brothers having been killed in action.

Saving Private Ryan [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: which actors are there in it?

Context: Tom Hanks, Matt Damon, Vin Diesel, among others.

Question: has this director's work achieved any academy award?

Answer: Yes, he has directed fourteen Oscar winning and nominated performances.

Explanation: Spielberg has directed fourteen Oscar winning and nominated performances.

Steven Spielberg [SEP] Directed Academy Award Performances


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: which actors are there in it?

Context: has this director's work achieved any academy award?

Context: Yes, he has directed fourteen Oscar winning and nominated performances.

Question: when did he appear onscreen?

Answer: He had cameo roles in "The Blues Brothers", "Gremlins", "Vanilla Sky", and "Austin Powers in Goldmember"

Steven Spielberg [SEP] Onscreen appearances

Spielberg had cameo roles in "The Blues Brothers", "Gremlins", "Vanilla Sky", and "Austin Powers in Goldmember", as well as small uncredited cameos in a handful of other films, such as a life-station worker in "Jaws". He also made numerous cameo roles in the Warner Bros. cartoons he produced, such as Animaniacs, and even made reference to some of his films. Spielberg voiced himself in the film "Paul", and in one episode of "Tiny Toon Adventures" titled "Buster and Babs Go Hawaiian". In 2017, Spielberg, along with fellow directors Francis Ford Coppola, Guillermo del Toro, Paul Greengrass and Lawrence Kasdan were featured in the Netflix documentary series "Five Came Back", which discussed the contributions of film directors Frank Capra, John Ford, John Huston, George Stevens and William Wyler towards recording the events of World War II.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: which actors are there in it?

Context: when did he appear onscreen?

Context: He had cameo roles in "The Blues Brothers", "Gremlins", "Vanilla Sky", and "Austin Powers in Goldmember"

Question: does he have pending projects?

Answer: Yes, several including a film based on Microsoft's "Halo" series, film based on John Wyndham's novel "Chocky", and "A Steady Rain".

Steven Spielberg [SEP] Projects on hold

In 2009, Spielberg reportedly tried to obtain the screen rights to make a film based on Microsoft's "Halo" series. In September 2008, Steven Spielberg bought film rights for John Wyndham's novel "Chocky" and is interested in directing it. He is also interested in making an adaptation of "A Steady Rain", "Pirate Latitudes", "The 39 Clues", and a remake of "When Worlds Collide". In May 2009, Steven Spielberg bought the rights to the life story of Martin Luther King, Jr. Spielberg will be involved not only as producer but also as a director. However, the purchase was made from the King estate, led by son Dexter, while the two other surviving children, the Reverend Bernice and Martin III, immediately threatened to sue, not having given their approvals to the project.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: which actors are there in it?

Context: when did he appear onscreen?

Context: does he have pending projects?

Context: Yes, several including a film based on Microsoft's "Halo" series, film based on John Wyndham's novel "Chocky", and "A Steady Rain".

Question: what connection does the above mentioned first actor has with covid?

Answer: On March 12, 2020, he announced that he and his wife had tested positive for COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic while shooting "Elvis" in Queensland, Australia.

Tom Hanks [SEP] COVID-19 diagnosis

On March 12, 2020, Hanks announced that he and his wife had tested positive for COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic while shooting "Elvis" in Queensland, Australia. They were admitted to the Gold Coast University Hospital for care. Hanks was playing the role of Colonel Tom Parker in the film directed by Baz Luhrmann. Australian health authorities stated that Hanks and Wilson, along with all of the five other coronavirus cases confirmed that day, had "contracted the illness outside Australia and travelled to Queensland with the virus". On March 16, Hanks and his wife were released from the hospital. On March 27, Hanks and his wife returned to Los Angeles following their quarantine.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: which actors are there in it?

Context: when did he appear onscreen?

Context: does he have pending projects?

Context: what connection does the above mentioned first actor has with covid?

Context: On March 12, 2020, he announced that he and his wife had tested positive for COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic while shooting "Elvis" in Queensland, Australia.

Question: when does this mentioned pandemic started?

Answer: December 2019

COVID-19 pandemic [SEP] Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among humans. The disease was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020, and a pandemic in March 2020. As of , more than cases have been confirmed, with more than deaths attributed to COVID-19. Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, breathing difficulties, and loss of smell. Complications may include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: which actors are there in it?

Context: when did he appear onscreen?

Context: does he have pending projects?

Context: when does this mentioned pandemic started?

Context: December 2019

Question: what was its cause?

Answer: It is caused by the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among humans.

Explanation: The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among humans.

COVID-19 pandemic [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: which actors are there in it?

Context: when did he appear onscreen?

Context: does he have pending projects?

Context: December 2019

Context: what was its cause?

Context: It is caused by the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among humans.

Question: what connection it has with the oil markets?

Answer: In early February 2020, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) "scrambled" after a steep decline in oil prices due to lower demand from China.

COVID-19 pandemic [SEP] Oil and other energy markets

In early February 2020, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) "scrambled" after a steep decline in oil prices due to lower demand from China. On Monday, 20 April, the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) went negative and fell to a record low (minus $37.63 a barrel) due to traders' offloading holdings so as not to take delivery and incur storage costs. June prices were down but in the positive range, with a barrel of West Texas trading above $20.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: which actors are there in it?

Context: when did he appear onscreen?

Context: does he have pending projects?

Context: December 2019

Context: what was its cause?

Context: what connection it has with the oil markets?

Context: In early February 2020, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) "scrambled" after a steep decline in oil prices due to lower demand from China.

Question: is it curable?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

COVID-19 pandemic [SEP] Treatment

Antiviral medications are under investigation for COVID-19, though none have yet been shown to be clearly effective on mortality in published randomised controlled trials. However, remdesivir may affect the time it takes to recover from the virus. Emergency use authorisation for remdesivir was granted in the U.S. on 1May, for people hospitalised with severe COVID-19. The interim authorisation was granted considering the lack of other specific treatments, and that its potential benefits appear to outweigh the potential risks. Taking over-the-counter cold medications, drinking fluids, and resting may help alleviate symptoms. Depending on the severity, oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and breathing support may be required.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: which actors are there in it?

Context: when did he appear onscreen?

Context: does he have pending projects?

Context: December 2019

Context: what was its cause?

Context: is it curable?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: has it proved fatal?

Answer: Yes, the first confirmed death was in Wuhan on 9 January 2020.

COVID-19 pandemic [SEP] Deaths

Official deaths from COVID-19 generally refer to people who died after testing positive according to protocols. This may ignore deaths of people who die without having been tested. Conversely, deaths of people who had underlying conditions may lead to over-counting. Comparison of statistics for deaths for all causes versus the seasonal average indicates excess mortality in many countries. This may include deaths due to strained healthcare systems and bans on elective surgery. The first confirmed death was in Wuhan on 9 January 2020. The first reported death outside of China occurred on1 February in the Philippines, and the first reported death outside Asia was in the United States on 6 February.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: which actors are there in it?

Context: when did he appear onscreen?

Context: does he have pending projects?

Context: December 2019

Context: what was its cause?

Context: is it curable?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has it proved fatal?

Context: Yes, the first confirmed death was in Wuhan on 9 January 2020.

Question: how is the above mentioned virus 2 transmitted?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

COVID-19 pandemic [SEP] Deaths


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Epic war film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: which actors are there in it?

Context: when did he appear onscreen?

Context: does he have pending projects?

Context: December 2019

Context: what was its cause?

Context: is it curable?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has it proved fatal?

Context: how is the above mentioned virus 2 transmitted?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is our country affected by this pandemic situation?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

COVID-19 pandemic [SEP] India

The first case of COVID-19 in India originated from China and was reported on 30 January 2020. India ordered a nationwide lockdown for the entire population starting 24 March, with a phased unlock beginning 1 June. Six cities account for around half of all reported cases in the country—Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Pune and Kolkata. As of September 2020, India had the largest number of confirmed cases in Asia; and the second-highest number of confirmed cases in the world, behind the United States, with the number of total confirmed cases breaching the 100,000 mark on 19 May, 1,000,000 on 16 July and 5,000,000 confirmed cases on 16 September 2020.


Question: the greatest thing you'll ever learn bowie

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Nature Boy [SEP] Introduction

"Nature Boy" is a song first recorded by American jazz singer Nat King Cole. It was released on March 29, 1948, as a single by Capitol Records, and later appeared on the album, "The Nat King Cole Story". The song was written in 1947 by eden ahbez and is partly autobiographical. It is a tribute to ahbez's mentor Bill Pester, who had originally introduced him to Naturmensch and Lebensreform philosophies, which ahbez practiced. When Cole was performing in 1947 at the Lincoln Theater, ahbez wanted to present the song to him, but was ignored. He left the copy with Cole's valet, and from him the singer came to know of "Nature Boy".


Context: the greatest thing you'll ever learn bowie

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is nature boy?

Answer: It is a song first recorded by American jazz singer Nat King Cole.

Explanation: "Nature Boy" is a song first recorded by American jazz singer Nat King Cole.

Nature Boy [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is nature boy?

Context: It is a song first recorded by American jazz singer Nat King Cole.

Question: when was it released?

Answer: March 29, 1948.

Explanation: It was released on March 29, 1948, as a single by Capitol Records, and later appeared on the album, "The Nat King Cole Story".

Nature Boy [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is nature boy?

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 29, 1948.

Question: does it belong to any album?

Answer: Yes, in the album "The Nat King Cole Story".

Nature Boy [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is nature boy?

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 29, 1948.

Context: does it belong to any album?

Context: Yes, in the album "The Nat King Cole Story".

Question: was there any other version of it by other celebrities?

Answer: Yes, Frank Sinatra also recorded a version without musicians.

Nature Boy [SEP] Other versions

The success of "Nature Boy" soon led to the release of a number of cover versions of the track. However, due to the AFM ban, other record companies could not release full versions with strings, only a cappella tracks. Following Cole's version of "Nature Boy", the Dick Haymes recording was released by Decca Records as catalog number 24439. The record first appeared on the "Billboard" charts on June 4, 1948, and peaked at number 11. Frank Sinatra also recorded a musicianless version, which was his only recording during the ban. Sinatra's version of "Nature Boy" replaced the string sounds of the original recording with a choir conducted by Jeff Alexander, which, according to Friedwald, made the song sound like a Gregorian chant.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is nature boy?

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 29, 1948.

Context: does it belong to any album?

Context: was there any other version of it by other celebrities?

Context: Yes, Frank Sinatra also recorded a version without musicians.

Question: who is this celebrity?

Answer: He was an American singer, actor and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.

Frank Sinatra [SEP] Introduction

Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide. Born to Italian immigrants in Hoboken, New Jersey, Sinatra was greatly influenced by the intimate easy listening vocal style of Bing Crosby and began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey. Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the "bobby soxers".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is nature boy?

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 29, 1948.

Context: does it belong to any album?

Context: who is this celebrity?

Context: He was an American singer, actor and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.

Question: what are his skills?

Answer: He could follow a lead sheet during a performance by "carefully following the patterns and groupings of notes arranged on the page" and made his own notations to the music, using his ear to detect semi-tonal differences.

Frank Sinatra [SEP] Artistry

While Sinatra never learned how to read music well, he had a fine, natural understanding of it, and he worked very hard from a young age to improve his abilities in all aspects of music. He could follow a lead sheet during a performance by "carefully following the patterns and groupings of notes arranged on the page" and made his own notations to the music, using his ear to detect semitonal differences. Granata states that some of the most accomplished classically trained musicians soon noticed his musical understanding, and remarked that Sinatra had a "sixth sense", which "demonstrated unusual proficiency when it came to detecting incorrect notes and sounds within the orchestra".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is nature boy?

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 29, 1948.

Context: does it belong to any album?

Context: who is this celebrity?

Context: what are his skills?

Context: He could follow a lead sheet during a performance by "carefully following the patterns and groupings of notes arranged on the page" and made his own notations to the music, using his ear to detect semi-tonal differences.

Question: what was his part in ww ii?

Answer: He did not serve in the military during World War II. There were rumors that he paid $40,000 to avoid the service. Toward the end of the war, he entertained the troops during several successful overseas.

Explanation: Sinatra did not serve in the military during World War II. On December 11, 1943, he was officially classified 4-F ("Registrant not acceptable for military service") by his draft board because of a perforated eardrum. However, U.S. Army files reported that Sinatra was "not acceptable material from a psychiatric viewpoint", but his emotional instability was hidden to avoid "undue unpleasantness for both the selectee and the induction service". Briefly, there were rumors reported by columnist Walter Winchell that Sinatra paid $40,000 to avoid the service, but the FBI found this to be without merit. Toward the end of the war, Sinatra entertained the troops during several successful overseas USO tours with comedian Phil Silvers.

Frank Sinatra [SEP] Onset of Sinatramania and role in World War II (1942–1945)

Briefly, there were rumors reported by columnist Walter Winchell that Sinatra paid $40,000 to avoid the service, but the FBI found this to be without merit. Toward the end of the war, Sinatra entertained the troops during several successful overseas USO tours with comedian Phil Silvers. During one trip to Rome he met the Pope, who asked him if he was an operatic tenor. Sinatra worked frequently with the popular Andrews Sisters in radio in the 1940s, and many USO shows were broadcast to troops via the Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS). In 1944 Sinatra released "I Couldn't Sleep a Wink Last Night" as a single and recorded his own version of Crosby's "White Christmas", and the following year he released "I Dream of You (More Than You Dream I Do)", "Saturday Night (Is the Loneliest Night of the Week)", "Dream", and "Nancy (with the Laughing Face)" as singles.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is nature boy?

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 29, 1948.

Context: does it belong to any album?

Context: who is this celebrity?

Context: what are his skills?

Context: what was his part in ww ii?

Context: He did not serve in the military during World War II. There were rumors that he paid $40,000 to avoid the service. Toward the end of the war, he entertained the troops during several successful overseas.

Question: which was his debut album?

Answer: "The Voice of Frank Sinatra"

Frank Sinatra [SEP] Introduction

He released his debut album, "The Voice of Frank Sinatra", in 1946. But by the early 1950s his professional career had stalled and he turned to Las Vegas, where he became one of its best known residency performers as part of the Rat Pack. His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of "From Here to Eternity", with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including "In the Wee Small Hours" (1955), "Songs for Swingin' Lovers!" (1956), "Come Fly with Me" (1958), "Only the Lonely" (1958) and "Nice 'n' Easy" (1960).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is nature boy?

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 29, 1948.

Context: does it belong to any album?

Context: who is this celebrity?

Context: what are his skills?

Context: what was his part in ww ii?

Context: which was his debut album?

Context: "The Voice of Frank Sinatra"

Question: and his debut film as an actor?

Answer: "From Here to Eternity"

Explanation: His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of "From Here to Eternity", with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Frank Sinatra [SEP] Introduction


Question: what is the full scientific name for the e. coli bacteria

Answer: Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli [SEP] Introduction

Escherichia coli (), also known as E. coli (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus "Escherichia" that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Most "E. coli" strains are harmless, but some serotypes (EPEC, ETEC etc.) can cause serious food poisoning in their hosts, and are occasionally responsible for food contamination incidents that prompt product recalls. The harmless strains are part of the normal microbiota of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K, (which helps blood to clot) and preventing colonisation of the intestine with pathogenic bacteria, having a symbiotic relationship.


Context: what is the full scientific name for the e. coli bacteria

Context: Escherichia coli

Question: what is its function in a disease?

Answer: Virulent strains can cause gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis, hemorrhagic colitis and Crohn's disease

Escherichia coli [SEP] Role in disease

Most "E. coli" strains do not cause disease, naturally living in the gut, but virulent strains can cause gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis, hemorrhagic colitis, and Crohn's disease. Common signs and symptoms include severe abdominal cramps, diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, vomiting, and sometimes fever. In rarer cases, virulent strains are also responsible for bowel necrosis (tissue death) and perforation without progressing to hemolytic-uremic syndrome, peritonitis, mastitis, sepsis, and Gram-negative pneumonia. Very young children are more susceptible to develop severe illness, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome; however, healthy individuals of all ages are at risk to the severe consequences that may arise as a result of being infected with "E.


Context: Escherichia coli

Context: what is its function in a disease?

Context: Virulent strains can cause gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis, hemorrhagic colitis and Crohn's disease

Question: what are the reasons of the last mentioned disease?

Answer: While the exact cause or causes are unknown, Crohn's disease seems to be due to a combination of environmental factors and genetic predisposition

Crohn's disease [SEP] Causes

While the exact cause or causes are unknown, Crohn's disease seems to be due to a combination of environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Crohn's is the first genetically complex disease in which the relationship between genetic risk factors and the immune system is understood in considerable detail. Each individual risk mutation makes a small contribution to the overall risk of Crohn's (approximately 1:200). The genetic data, and direct assessment of immunity, indicates a malfunction in the innate immune system. In this view, the chronic inflammation of Crohn's is caused when the adaptive immune system tries to compensate for a deficient innate immune system.


Context: Escherichia coli

Context: what is its function in a disease?

Context: what are the reasons of the last mentioned disease?

Context: While the exact cause or causes are unknown, Crohn's disease seems to be due to a combination of environmental factors and genetic predisposition

Question: what are the diagnostic types of it?

Answer: A colonoscopy is approximately 70% effective in diagnosing the disease and introduction of the capsule endoscopy aids in endoscopic diagnosis

Crohn's disease [SEP] Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Crohn's disease can sometimes be challenging, and a number of tests are often required to assist the physician in making the diagnosis. Even with a full battery of tests, it may not be possible to diagnose Crohn's with complete certainty; a colonoscopy is approximately 70% effective in diagnosing the disease, with further tests being less effective. Disease in the small bowel is particularly difficult to diagnose, as a traditional colonoscopy allows access to only the colon and lower portions of the small intestines; introduction of the capsule endoscopy aids in endoscopic diagnosis. Giant (multinucleate) cells, a common finding in the lesions of Crohn's disease, are less common in the lesions of lichen nitidus.


Context: Escherichia coli

Context: what is its function in a disease?

Context: what are the diagnostic types of it?

Context: A colonoscopy is approximately 70% effective in diagnosing the disease and introduction of the capsule endoscopy aids in endoscopic diagnosis

Question: what is the medical use of this endoscopy process mentioned above?

Answer: It is useful when disease is suspected in the small intestine, and can sometimes be used to find the site of gastrointestinal bleeding or the cause of unexplained abdominal pain, such as Crohn's disease

Explanation: It is useful when disease is suspected in the small intestine, and can sometimes be used to find the site of gastrointestinal bleeding or the cause of unexplained abdominal pain, such as Crohn's disease. However, unlike EGD or colonoscopy it cannot be used to treat pathology that may be discovered.

Capsule endoscopy [SEP] Medical uses

However, unlike EGD or colonoscopy it cannot be used to treat pathology that may be discovered. Common reasons for using capsule endoscopy include diagnosis of unexplained bleeding, iron deficiency, or abdominal pain, searching for polyps, ulcers and tumors of small intestine, and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. The images collected by the miniature camera during a session are transferred wirelessly to an external receiver worn by the patient, using any one of a band of appropriate frequencies. The collected images are then transferred to a computer for display, review and diagnosis. A transmitted radio-frequency signal can be used to accurately estimate the location of the capsule and to track it in real time inside the body and gastrointestinal tract.


Context: Escherichia coli

Context: what is its function in a disease?

Context: what are the diagnostic types of it?

Context: what is the medical use of this endoscopy process mentioned above?

Context: It is useful when disease is suspected in the small intestine, and can sometimes be used to find the site of gastrointestinal bleeding or the cause of unexplained abdominal pain, such as Crohn's disease

Question: what is the cause behind this last mentioned disease?

Answer: While the exact cause or causes are unknown, Crohn's disease seems to be due to a combination of environmental factors and genetic predisposition

Crohn's disease [SEP] Causes


Context: Escherichia coli

Context: what is its function in a disease?

Context: what are the diagnostic types of it?

Context: what is the cause behind this last mentioned disease?

Question: how is it classified?

Answer: It may also be categorized by the behavior of disease as it progresses: stricturing, penetrating, and inflammatory

Crohn's disease [SEP] Classification

Jejunoileitis causes spotty patches of inflammation in the top half of the small intestine, called the jejunum. The disease can attack any part of the digestive tract, from mouth to anus. However, individuals affected by the disease rarely fall outside these three classifications, with presentations in other areas. Crohn's disease may also be categorized by the behavior of disease as it progresses. These categorizations formalized in the Vienna classification of the disease. There are three categories of disease presentation in Crohn's disease: stricturing, penetrating, and inflammatory. Stricturing disease causes narrowing of the bowel that may lead to bowel obstruction or changes in the caliber of the feces.


Context: Escherichia coli

Context: what is its function in a disease?

Context: what are the diagnostic types of it?

Context: how is it classified?

Context: It may also be categorized by the behavior of disease as it progresses: stricturing, penetrating, and inflammatory

Question: what is its relation with the mental balance?

Answer: It may result in anxiety or mood disorders

Crohn's disease [SEP] Mental health

Crohn's may result in anxiety or mood disorders, especially in young people who may have stunted growth or embarrassment from fecal incontinence. Counselling as well as antidepressant or anxiolytic medication may help some people manage.


Context: Escherichia coli

Context: what is its function in a disease?

Context: what are the diagnostic types of it?

Context: how is it classified?

Context: what is its relation with the mental balance?

Context: It may result in anxiety or mood disorders

Question: what is the first mentioned type of mental health disorder?

Answer: It is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints and rumination

Anxiety [SEP] Introduction

Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination. It includes subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events. Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing. It is often accompanied by muscular tension, restlessness, fatigue and problems in concentration. Anxiety is closely related to fear, which is a response to a real or perceived immediate threat; anxiety involves the expectation of future threat. People facing anxiety may withdraw from situations which have provoked anxiety in the past.


Context: Escherichia coli

Context: what is its function in a disease?

Context: what are the diagnostic types of it?

Context: how is it classified?

Context: what is the first mentioned type of mental health disorder?

Context: It is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints and rumination

Question: what is its relation with fear?

Answer: It is distinguished from fear, which is an appropriate cognitive and emotional response to a perceived threat while anxiety is related to the specific behaviors of fight-or-flight responses, defensive behavior or escape

Anxiety [SEP] Anxiety vs. fear

Anxiety is distinguished from fear, which is an appropriate cognitive and emotional response to a perceived threat. Anxiety is related to the specific behaviors of fight-or-flight responses, defensive behavior or escape. It occurs in situations only perceived as uncontrollable or unavoidable, but not realistically so. David Barlow defines anxiety as "a future-oriented mood state in which one is not ready or prepared to attempt to cope with upcoming negative events," and that it is a distinction between future and present dangers which divides anxiety and fear. Another description of anxiety is agony, dread, terror, or even apprehension. In positive psychology, anxiety is described as the mental state that results from a difficult challenge for which the subject has insufficient coping skills.


Context: Escherichia coli

Context: what is its function in a disease?

Context: what are the diagnostic types of it?

Context: how is it classified?

Context: what is its relation with fear?

Context: It is distinguished from fear, which is an appropriate cognitive and emotional response to a perceived threat while anxiety is related to the specific behaviors of fight-or-flight responses, defensive behavior or escape

Question: what are its risks?

Answer: Anxiety disorders are partly genetic and environmental factors are also important such as child abuse, family history of mental health disorders and poverty

Explanation: Anxiety disorders are partly genetic, with twin studies suggesting 30-40% genetic influence on individual differences in anxiety. Environmental factors are also important. Twin studies show that individual-specific environments have a large influence on anxiety, whereas shared environmental influences (environments that affect twins in the same way) operate during childhood but decline through adolescence. Specific measured ‘environments’ that have been associated with anxiety include child abuse, family history of mental health disorders, and poverty. Anxiety is also associated with drug use, including alcohol, caffeine, and benzodiazepines

Anxiety [SEP] Risk factors

Anxiety disorders are partly genetic, with twin studies suggesting 30-40% genetic influence on individual differences in anxiety. Environmental factors are also important. Twin studies show that individual-specific environments have a large influence on anxiety, whereas shared environmental influences (environments that affect twins in the same way) operate during childhood but decline through adolescence. Specific measured ‘environments' that have been associated with anxiety include child abuse, family history of mental health disorders, and poverty. Anxiety is also associated with drug use, including alcohol, caffeine, and benzodiazepines (which are often prescribed to treat anxiety).


Context: Escherichia coli

Context: what is its function in a disease?

Context: what are the diagnostic types of it?

Context: how is it classified?

Context: what is its relation with fear?

Context: what are its risks?

Context: Anxiety disorders are partly genetic and environmental factors are also important such as child abuse, family history of mental health disorders and poverty

Question: what are its preventive measures?

Answer: Psychological or educational interventions have a small yet statistically significant benefit for the prevention of anxiety in varied population types

Anxiety [SEP] Prevention

The above risk factors give natural avenues for prevention. A 2017 review found that psychological or educational interventions have a small yet statistically significant benefit for the prevention of anxiety in varied population types.


Context: Escherichia coli

Context: what is its function in a disease?

Context: what are the diagnostic types of it?

Context: how is it classified?

Context: what is its relation with fear?

Context: what are its risks?

Context: what are its preventive measures?

Context: Psychological or educational interventions have a small yet statistically significant benefit for the prevention of anxiety in varied population types

Question: how does it affect the decision choice?

Answer: In a decision context, unpredictability or uncertainty may trigger emotional responses in anxious individuals that systematically alter decision-making

Anxiety [SEP] Choice or decision

Anxiety induced by the need to choose between similar options is increasingly being recognized as a problem for individuals and for organizations. In 2004, Capgemini wrote: "Today we're all faced with greater choice, more competition and less time to consider our options or seek out the right advice." In a decision context, unpredictability or uncertainty may trigger emotional responses in anxious individuals that systematically alter decision-making. There are primarily two forms of this anxiety type. The first form refers to a choice in which there are multiple potential outcomes with known or calculable probabilities. The second form refers to the uncertainty and ambiguity related to a decision context in which there are multiple possible outcomes with unknown probabilities.


Question: what are symphonic poems?

Answer: The symphonic poems of the Hungarian composer Franz Liszt are a series of 13 orchestral works, numbered S.95–107.

Symphonic poems (Liszt) [SEP] Introduction

The symphonic poems of the Hungarian composer Franz Liszt are a series of 13 orchestral works, numbered S.95–107. The first 12 were composed between 1848 and 1858 (though some use material conceived earlier); the last, "Von der Wiege bis zum Grabe" ("From the Cradle to the Grave"), followed in 1882. These works helped establish the genre of orchestral program music—compositions written to illustrate an extra-musical plan derived from a play, poem, painting or work of nature. They inspired the symphonic poems of Bedřich Smetana, Antonín Dvořák, Richard Strauss and others. Liszt's intent, according to musicologist Hugh MacDonald, was for these single-movement works "to display the traditional logic of symphonic thought." In other words, Liszt wanted these works to display a complexity in their interplay of themes similar to that usually reserved for the opening movement of the Classical symphony; this principal self-contained section was normally considered the most important in the larger whole of the symphony in terms of academic achievement and musical architecture.


Context: what are symphonic poems?

Context: The symphonic poems of the Hungarian composer Franz Liszt are a series of 13 orchestral works, numbered S.95–107.

Question: in which cities did he spend his time?

Answer: Vienna, Paris, Kiev, Weimar

Explanation:
Franz Liszt was born to Anna Liszt (née Maria Anna Lager) and Adam Liszt on 22 October 1811, in the village of Doborján (German: Raiding) in Sopron County, in the Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire.
Liszt's father played the piano, violin, cello, and guitar. He had been in the service of Prince Nikolaus II Esterházy and knew Haydn, Hummel, and Beethoven personally. At age six, Franz began listening attentively to his father's piano playing. Adam began teaching him the piano at age seven, and Franz began composing in an elementary manner when he was eight. He appeared in concerts at Sopron and Pressburg (Hungarian: Pozsony, present-day Bratislava, Slovakia) in October and November 1820 at age 9. After the concerts, a group of wealthy sponsors offered to finance Franz's musical education in Vienna.

There, Liszt received piano lessons from Carl Czerny, who in his own youth had been a student of Beethoven and Hummel. He also received lessons in composition from Ferdinando Paer and Antoni

Franz Liszt [SEP] Early life


Context: what are symphonic poems?

Context: in which cities did he spend his time?

Context: Vienna, Paris, Kiev, Weimar

Question: are there any films about him?

Answer: Yes - Dreams of Love (1935), Suez (1938), Phantom of the Opera (1943)

Franz Liszt [SEP] Film portrayals

Liszt's character was portrayed by Claudio Arrau in "Dreams of Love" (1935); by Brandon Hurst in the 1938 film "Suez"; by Fritz Leiber in the 1943 film "Phantom of the Opera"; by Stephen Bekassy in the 1945 film "A Song to Remember"; by Henry Daniell in the 1947 film "Song of Love"; by Sviatoslav Richter in the 1952 film "Glinka – The Composer"; by Will Quadflieg in Max Ophüls's 1955 film "Lola Montès"; by Carlos Thompson in the 1955 film "Magic Fire"; by Dirk Bogarde in the 1960 film "Song Without End"; by Jeremy Irons in the 1974 BBC Television series "Notorious Woman"; by Roger Daltrey in the 1975 Ken Russell film "Lisztomania"; by Anton Diffring in the 1986 Franco-German film "Wahnfried" directed by Peter Patzak; and by Julian Sands in the 1991 British-American film "Impromptu".


Context: what are symphonic poems?

Context: in which cities did he spend his time?

Context: Vienna, Paris, Kiev, Weimar

Context: are there any films about him?

Context: Yes - Dreams of Love (1935), Suez (1938), Phantom of the Opera (1943)

Question: was he associated with any music academy in any way?

Answer: Yes - Royal Academy of Music at Budapest

Explanation:
The plan of the foundation of a Royal Academy was agreed by the Hungarian Parliament in 1872. In March 1875, Liszt was nominated as President. The Academy was officially opened on 14 November 1875 with Liszt's colleague Ferenc Erkel as director, Kornél Ábrányi and Robert Volkmann. Liszt himself came in March 1876 to give some lessons and a charity concert.
In spite of the conditions under which Liszt had been appointed as "Königlicher Rat", he neither directed the orchestra of the National Theatre nor permanently settled in Hungary. Typically, he would arrive in mid-winter in Budapest. After one or two concerts of his students, by the beginning of spring, he left. He never took part in the final examinations, which were in summer of every year. Some of the pupils joined the lessons that Liszt gave in summer in Weimar.

Franz Liszt [SEP] Royal Academy of Music at Budapest

From the early 1860s, there were attempts to obtain a position for Liszt in Hungary. In 1871, the Hungarian Prime Minister Gyula Andrássy made a new attempt writing on 4 June 1871, to the Hungarian King (the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I), requesting an annual grant of 4,000 Gulden and the rank of a "Königlicher Rat" ("Crown Councillor") for Liszt, who in return would permanently settle in Budapest, directing the orchestra of the National Theatre as well as musical institutions. The plan of the foundation of a Royal Academy was agreed by the Hungarian Parliament in 1872. In March 1875, Liszt was nominated as President.


Context: what are symphonic poems?

Context: in which cities did he spend his time?

Context: Vienna, Paris, Kiev, Weimar

Context: are there any films about him?

Context: was he associated with any music academy in any way?

Context: Yes - Royal Academy of Music at Budapest

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Doborján village, Sopron County, Hungary

Explanation: Franz Liszt was born to Anna Liszt (née Maria Anna Lager) and Adam Liszt on 22 October 1811, in the village of Doborján (German: Raiding) in Sopron County, in the Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire.

Franz Liszt [SEP] Early life


Context: what are symphonic poems?

Context: in which cities did he spend his time?

Context: Vienna, Paris, Kiev, Weimar

Context: are there any films about him?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Doborján village, Sopron County, Hungary

Question: what are the major geographical highlights of the county?

Answer: There is Lake Neusiedl

Explanation: Sopron county shared borders with the Austrian land Lower Austria and the Hungarian counties Moson, Győr, Veszprém and Vas. The Lake Neusiedl (Hungarian: "Fertő tó", German: "Neusiedler See") lay in the county. Its area was about 3,256 km² around 1910.

Sopron County [SEP] Geography


Context: what are symphonic poems?

Context: in which cities did he spend his time?

Context: Vienna, Paris, Kiev, Weimar

Context: are there any films about him?

Context: where was he born?

Context: what are the major geographical highlights of the county?

Context: There is Lake Neusiedl

Question: what wildlife can be found in and around the lake?

Answer: Migratory birds

Lake Neusiedl [SEP] Nature and wildlife

Most of the lake is surrounded by reeds which serve as a habitat for wildlife (making the lake an important resting place for migratory birds) and are harvested in winter as soon as the ice is solid enough. This serves a double purpose, one ecological (removal of the bulk of organic matter that would otherwise decay in the lake) and one economic (the reed is sold for various purposes, mostly related to construction and housing). During the summer months, there are occasional reed fires, as dry reed is easily flammable, and fires spread quickly because of the almost constant wind.


Context: what are symphonic poems?

Context: in which cities did he spend his time?

Context: Vienna, Paris, Kiev, Weimar

Context: are there any films about him?

Context: where was he born?

Context: There is Lake Neusiedl

Context: what wildlife can be found in and around the lake?

Context: Migratory birds

Question: are there any tourist attractions?

Answer: The lake facing the Austrian part, draws  tourists. The lake is known as the "Sea of the Viennese", as it offers opportunities for sailing and windsurfing.

Explanation:
Despite remaining a protected wildlife habitat, the region of Lake Neusiedl, particularly in its Austrian part, draws significant numbers of tourists. The lake is known as the "Sea of the Viennese", as it offers ample opportunities for sailing and windsurfing at a reasonable distance from Vienna. There is also some commercial fishing.

Low water levels pose a problem for sailing and commercial shipping, as boats hit the ground more frequently and mooring sites can become temporarily unusable. However, it somewhat facilitates the annual freestyle mass crossing of the lake from Mörbisch to Illmitz. Everybody who can swim and is more than in height can participate in this event, which was revived in 2004.

Lake Neusiedl [SEP] Tourism


Context: what are symphonic poems?

Context: in which cities did he spend his time?

Context: Vienna, Paris, Kiev, Weimar

Context: are there any films about him?

Context: where was he born?

Context: There is Lake Neusiedl

Context: Migratory birds

Context: are there any tourist attractions?

Context: The lake facing the Austrian part, draws  tourists. The lake is known as the "Sea of the Viennese", as it offers opportunities for sailing and windsurfing.

Question: what equipment is required for the last activity?

Answer: Longboards, Shortboards

Windsurfing [SEP] Equipment

Windsurfers are often classified as either shortboards or longboards. Longboards are usually longer than 3 meters, with a retractable daggerboard, and are optimized for lighter winds or course racing. Shortboards are less than 3 meters long and are designed for planing conditions. While windsurfing is possible under a wide range of wind conditions, most intermediate and advanced recreational windsurfers prefer to sail in conditions that allow for consistent planing with multi-purpose, not overly specialized, free-ride equipment. Larger (100 to 140 liters) free-ride boards are capable of planing at wind speeds as low as if rigged with an adequate, well-tuned sail in the six to eight square meter range.


Context: what are symphonic poems?

Context: in which cities did he spend his time?

Context: Vienna, Paris, Kiev, Weimar

Context: are there any films about him?

Context: where was he born?

Context: There is Lake Neusiedl

Context: Migratory birds

Context: are there any tourist attractions?

Context: what equipment is required for the last activity?

Context: Longboards, Shortboards

Question: are there any competitions about the second last activity?

Answer: Yes - Sailboat racing

Explanation: Sailboat racing generally fits into one of two categories:

Sailing [SEP] Competition


Question: who sang the theme song to the world is not enough

Answer: By Garbage

The World Is Not Enough (song) [SEP] Introduction

"The World Is Not Enough" is the theme song from the eponymous 1999 James Bond film, performed by American-Scottish alternative rock band Garbage. The song was written by composer David Arnold (who also scored the film) and lyricist Don Black, previously responsible for four other Bond songs, and was produced by Garbage and Arnold. "The World Is Not Enough" was composed in the style of the series' title songs, in contrast with the post-modern production and genre-hopping of Garbage's first two albums. The group recorded most of "The World Is Not Enough" while touring Europe in support of their album "Version 2.0", telephoning Arnold as he recorded the orchestral backing in London before travelling to England.


Context: who sang the theme song to the world is not enough

Context: By Garbage

Question: who composed the song?

Answer: David Arnold

Explanation: The World Is Not Enough" is the theme song from the eponymous 1999 James Bond film, performed by American-Scottish alternative rock band Garbage. The song was written by composer David Arnold (who also scored the film) and lyricist Don Black, previously responsible for four other Bond songs, and was produced by Garbage and Arnold. "The World Is Not Enough" was composed in the style of the series' title songs, in


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Question: who is he?

Answer: English film composer

David Arnold [SEP] Introduction

David Arnold (born 23 January 1962) is an English film composer best known for scoring five James Bond films, as well as "Stargate" (1994), "Independence Day" (1996), "Godzilla" (1998) and the television series "Little Britain" and "Sherlock". For "Independence Day" he received a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television and for "Sherlock" he, and co-composer Michael Price, won a Creative Arts Emmy for the score of "His Last Vow", the final episode in the third series. Arnold scored the BBC / Amazon Prime series "Good Omens" (2019) adapted by Neil Gaiman from his book "Good Omens", written with Terry Pratchett.


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Question: when did he start his career?

Answer: While attending a Sixth Form College in Luton

David Arnold [SEP] Career

While attending a Sixth Form College in Luton, Arnold became friends with director Danny Cannon. Cannon initially created short films for which Arnold was asked to write the music. The two made their respective major film debuts with "The Young Americans". "Play Dead", a song from the film with singer Björk, charted No. 12 in the UK. The following year he scored "Stargate" and "Last of the Dogmen", with excerpts from the former ranking third in the most commonly used soundtrack cues for film trailers. Arnold then composed music for "Stargate" director Roland Emmerich's next two movies, "Independence Day" and "Godzilla", as well as four movies for director John Singleton.


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: While attending a Sixth Form College in Luton

Question: how is he related to james bond?

Answer: He scored  five James Bond films

Explanation: David Arnold (born 23 January 1962) is an English film composer best known for scoring five James Bond films, as well as "Stargate" (1994), "Independence Day" (1996), "Godzilla" (1998) and the television series "Little Britain" and "Sherlock". For "Independence Day" he received a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television and for "Sherlock" he, and co-composer Michael Price, won a Creative Arts Emmy for the score of "His Last Vow", the final episode in the third series. Arnold scored the BBC / Amazon Prime series "Good Omens" (2019) adapted by Neil G

David Arnold [SEP] Introduction


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Question: can you name some of his other work?

Answer: "Stargate" (1994), "Independence Day" (1996), "Godzilla" (1998) and the television series "Little Britain" and "Sherlock".

Explanation: David Arnold (born 23 January 1962) is an English film composer best known for scoring five James Bond films, as well as "Stargate" (1994), "Independence Day" (1996), "Godzilla" (1998) and the television series "Little Britain" and "Sherlock". For "Independence Day" he received a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television and for "Sherlock" he, and co-composer Michael Price, won a Creative Arts Emmy for the score of "His Last Vow", the final episode in the third series. Arnold scored the BBC / Amazon Prime series "Good Omens" (2019) adapted by Neil Gaiman from his book "Good Omens", written with Terry Pratchett. Arnold is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composer

David Arnold [SEP] Introduction


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: "Stargate" (1994), "Independence Day" (1996), "Godzilla" (1998) and the television series "Little Britain" and "Sherlock".

Question: what critical responses did the original song receive?

Answer: It received mainly positive reviews from music critics.

The World Is Not Enough (song) [SEP] Critical reception

"The World Is Not Enough" received mainly positive reviews from music critics. "Kerrang!" magazine noted that "Nothing takes a band into the truly immortal like a Bond theme, and Garbage's ever-burgeoning celebrity will be done no harm whatsoever by this appropriately lush and orchestral anthem." A "Radio Times" reviewer wrote that the song "sounds like Shirley Bassey revisited", while AllMusic's Steve Thomas Erlewine wrote that Garbage "expertly modernized the classic Bond sound, while turning in a strong melodic tune. A first class theme song". PopMatters called the song a "top-notch Bond theme", following the Shirley Bassey template. In a "Billboard" review, Chuck Taylor wrote that Garbage was an inspired choice and the song "rings of international intrigue, with the slinky gait, noir-ish guitar line and grand chorus we have come to expect ...


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: what critical responses did the original song receive?

Context: It received mainly positive reviews from music critics.

Question: who were the critics?

Answer: Kerrang, Radio Times and PopMatters to name a few

Explanation: "The World Is Not Enough" received mainly positive reviews from music critics. "Kerrang!" magazine noted that "Nothing takes a band into the truly immortal like a Bond theme, and Garbage's ever-burgeoning celebrity will be done no harm whatsoever by this appropriately lush and orchestral anthem." A "Radio Times" reviewer wrote that the song "sounds like Shirley Bassey revisited", while AllMusic's Steve Thomas Erlewine wrote that Garbage "expertly modernized the classic Bond sound, while turning in a strong melodic tune. A first class theme song". PopMatters called the song a "top-notch Bond theme", following the Shirley Bassey template. In a "Billboard" review, Chuck Taylor wrote that Garbage was an inspired choice and the song "rings of international intrigue, with t


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: Kerrang, Radio Times and PopMatters to name a few

Question: what is the first one?

Answer: It is a  British weekly magazine devoted to rock and metal music, currently published by Wasted Talent

Kerrang! [SEP] Introduction

Kerrang! is a British weekly magazine devoted to rock and metal music, currently published by Wasted Talent (the same company that owns electronic music publication "Mixmag"). It was first published on 6 June 1981 as a one-off supplement in the "Sounds" newspaper. Named after the onomatopoeic word that derives from the sound made when playing a power chord on a distorted electric guitar, "Kerrang!" was initially devoted to the new wave of British heavy metal and the rise of hard rock acts. In the early 2000s it became the best-selling British music weekly.


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: It is a  British weekly magazine devoted to rock and metal music, currently published by Wasted Talent

Question: when was this magazine first published?

Answer: 6 June 1981

Explanation: Kerrang! is a British weekly magazine devoted to rock and metal music, currently published by Wasted Talent (the same company that owns electronic music publication "Mixmag"). It was first published on 6 June 1981 as a one-off supplement in the "Sounds" newspaper. Named after the onomatopoeic word that derives from the sound made when playing a power chord on a distorted electric guitar, "Kerrang!" was initially devoted t

Kerrang! [SEP] Introduction


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: when was this magazine first published?

Context: 6 June 1981

Question: what is the third critics from the above list?

Answer: It is an international online magazine of cultural criticism that covers many aspects of popular culture.

PopMatters [SEP] Introduction

PopMatters is an international online magazine of cultural criticism that covers many aspects of popular culture. "PopMatters" publishes reviews, interviews, and detailed essays on most cultural products and expressions in areas such as music, television, films, books, video games, comics, sports, theater, visual arts, travel, and the Internet.


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: when was this magazine first published?

Context: 6 June 1981

Context: what is the third critics from the above list?

Context: It is an international online magazine of cultural criticism that covers many aspects of popular culture.

Question: who directed the music video of the aforementioned song?

Answer: Philipp Stölzl

The World Is Not Enough (song) [SEP] Music video

The music video for "The World Is Not Enough" was directed by Philipp Stölzl for Oil Factory Films and filmed on a London sound stage on September 23–24, 1999. Manson's android shots (the laboratory, kissing and driving scenes) were filmed on the first day, with the pyrotechnic scenes shot on the second. For her "death", Manson kissed a lookalike model. The University of London's Senate House was the exterior for the fictional New Globe Theatre. Post-production and editing were completed two weeks later. In the video (set in 1964) terrorists build an android replica of Shirley Manson, who can kill her targets with a kiss, on an unnamed Pacific island.


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: when was this magazine first published?

Context: 6 June 1981

Context: who directed the music video of the aforementioned song?

Context: Philipp Stölzl

Question: where is he from?

Answer: Munich

Explanation: Philipp Stölzl (born 1967 in Munich) is a German film director, opera director and screenwriter. He began to direct music videos in the mid 1990s and directed his first feature film in 2002.

Philipp Stölzl [SEP] Introduction


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: when was this magazine first published?

Context: 6 June 1981

Context: Philipp Stölzl

Context: where is he from?

Context: Munich

Question: how is the climate there?

Answer: climate is oceanic ("Cfb"), independent of the isotherm but with some humid continental ("Dfb") features like warm to hot summers and cold winters, but without permanent snow cover.

Munich [SEP] Climate

By Köppen classification templates and updated data the climate is oceanic ("Cfb"), independent of the isotherm but with some humid continental ("Dfb") features like warm to hot summers and cold winters, but without permanent snow cover. The proximity to the Alps brings higher volumes of rainfall and consequently greater susceptibility to flood problems. Studies of adaptation to climate change and extreme events are carried out, one of them is the Isar Plan of the EU Adaptation Climate. The city center lies between both climates, while the airport of Munich has a humid continental climate. The warmest month, on average, is July.


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: when was this magazine first published?

Context: 6 June 1981

Context: Philipp Stölzl

Context: where is he from?

Context: Munich

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: climate is oceanic ("Cfb"), independent of the isotherm but with some humid continental ("Dfb") features like warm to hot summers and cold winters, but without permanent snow cover.

Question: how did this place get its name?

Answer: The name of the city is usually interpreted as deriving from the Old/Middle High German term "Munichen", meaning "by the monks". It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order, who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich

Munich [SEP] Etymology

The name of the city is usually interpreted as deriving from the Old/Middle High German term "Munichen", meaning "by the monks". It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order, who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich. A monk is also depicted on the city's coat of arms. The town is first mentioned as "forum apud Munichen" in the of June 14, 1158 by Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich I. The name in modern German is , but this has been variously translated in different languages: in English, French and various other languages as "Munich", in Italian as "Monaco di Baviera", in Portuguese as "Munique".


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: when was this magazine first published?

Context: 6 June 1981

Context: Philipp Stölzl

Context: where is he from?

Context: Munich

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: The name of the city is usually interpreted as deriving from the Old/Middle High German term "Munichen", meaning "by the monks". It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order, who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich

Question: which is the most popular sport of this place?

Answer: Football

Munich [SEP] Football

Munich is home to several professional football teams including Bayern Munich, Germany's most successful club and a multiple UEFA Champions League winner. Other notable clubs include 1860 Munich, who were long time their rivals on a somewhat equal footing, but currently play in the 3rd Division 3. Liga along with another former Bundesliga club SpVgg Unterhaching.


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: when was this magazine first published?

Context: 6 June 1981

Context: Philipp Stölzl

Context: where is he from?

Context: Munich

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: which is the most popular sport of this place?

Context: Football

Question: do they have any professional team or club?

Answer: Yes Bayern Munich

Explanation: Munich is home to several professional football teams including Bayern Munich, Germany's most successful club and a multiple UEFA Champions League winner. Other notable clubs include 1860 Munich, who were long time their rivals on a somewhat equal footing, but currently play in the 3rd Division 3. Liga along wit

Munich [SEP] Football


Context: By Garbage

Context: who composed the song?

Context: David Arnold

Context: who is he?

Context: English film composer

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: how is he related to james bond?

Context: He scored  five James Bond films

Context: can you name some of his other work?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: when was this magazine first published?

Context: 6 June 1981

Context: Philipp Stölzl

Context: where is he from?

Context: Munich

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: Football

Context: do they have any professional team or club?

Context: Yes Bayern Munich

Question: what is the common language spoken there?

Answer: The Bavarian dialects

Explanation: The Bavarian dialects are spoken in and around Munich, with its variety West Middle Bavarian or Old Bavarian ("Westmittelbairisch" / "Altbairisch"). Austro-Bavarian has no official status by the Bavarian authorities or local government, yet is recognised by the SIL and has its own ISO-639 code.

Munich [SEP] Language


Question: who sang the original we are the world

Answer: Supergroup USA

We Are the World [SEP] Introduction

"We Are the World" is a charity single originally recorded by the supergroup USA for Africa in 1985. It was written by Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson and produced by Quincy Jones and Michael Omartian for the album "We Are the World". With sales in excess of 20 million copies, it is the eighth best-selling physical single of all time. Following Band Aid's 1984 "Do They Know It's Christmas?" project in the UK, an idea for the creation of an American benefit single for African famine relief came from activist Harry Belafonte, who, along with fundraiser Ken Kragen, was instrumental in bringing the vision to reality.


Context:
who sang the original we are the world
Supergroup USA

Question: mention a few famous live performances?

Answer: performances during the rock music concert Live Aid

Explanation: One of the earliest such performances came in 1985, during the rock music concert Live Aid, which ended with more than 100 musicians singing the song on stage. Harry Belafonte and Lionel Richie made surprise appearances for the live rendition of the song.

We Are the World [SEP] Notable live performances

Clinton singing along in 'We Are the World', the first President to aspire, however futilely, to hipness." As a prelude to his song "Heal the World", "We Are the World" was performed as an interlude during two of Michael Jackson's tours, the Dangerous World Tour from 1992 to 1993 and the HIStory World Tour from 1996 to 1997. Jackson briefly perform the song with a chorus at the 2006 World Music Award in London, in his last live public performance. Jackson planned to use the song for his This Is It comeback concerts at The O2 Arena in London from 2009 to 2010, but the shows were cancelled due to his sudden death.


Context: who sang the original we are the world

Context: Supergroup USA

Context: mention a few famous live performances?

Context: performances during the rock music concert Live Aid

Question: name a few performers doing such live performances?

Answer: Harry Belafonte and Lionel Richie

"We Are the World" has been performed live by members of USA for Africa on several occasions both together and individually. One of the earliest such performances came in 1985, during the rock music concert Live Aid, which ended with more than 100 musicians singing the song on stage. Harry Belafonte and Lionel Richie made surprise appearances for the live rendition of the song. Michael Jackson would have joined the artists, but was "working around the clock in the studio on a project that he's made a major commitment to", according to his press agent, Norman Winter. An inaugural celebration was held for US President-elect Bill Clinton in January 1993.


Context: who sang the original we are the world

Context: Supergroup USA

Context: mention a few famous live performances?

Context: name a few performers doing such live performances?

Context: Harry Belafonte and Lionel Richie

Question: who is the former person?

Answer: He is a Jamaican-American singer, songwriter, activist, and actor

Harry Belafonte [SEP] Introduction

Harry Belafonte (born Harold George Bellanfanti Jr.; March 1, 1927) is a Jamaican-American singer, songwriter, activist, and actor. One of the most successful Jamaican-American pop stars in history, he was dubbed the "King of Calypso" for popularizing the Trinidadian Caribbean musical style with an international audience in the 1950s. His breakthrough album "Calypso" (1956) was the first million-selling LP by a single artist. Belafonte is known for his recording of "The Banana Boat Song", with its signature lyric "Day-O". He has recorded and performed in many genres, including blues, folk, gospel, show tunes, and American standards. He has also starred in several films, including Otto Preminger's hit musical "Carmen Jones" (1954), "Island in the Sun" (1957), and Robert Wise's "Odds Against Tomorrow" (1959).


Context: who sang the original we are the world

Context: Supergroup USA

Context: mention a few famous live performances?

Context: Harry Belafonte and Lionel Richie

Context: who is the former person?

Context: He is a Jamaican-American singer, songwriter, activist, and actor

Question: what was his role in the 2020 us presidential election?

Answer: On August 31, 2020 Deputy White House Chief of Staff for Communications Dan Scavino tweeted a deepfaked video purporting to be a TV interview with a sleeping Joe Biden, which in fact was a 2011 interview with Belafonte with a still image of Biden added in.

Harry Belafonte [SEP] 2020 presidential election

Harry Belafonte is a Fellow at The Sanders Institute, which has a mission to "revitalize democracy by actively engaging individuals, organizations and the media in the pursuit of progressive solutions to economic, environmental, racial and social justice issues." In March 2019, Belafonte was not able to attend a Sanders Institute Gathering due to health reasons. Instead, he sent his encouragement and support: "Thank you for what you are doing, and thank you for making us all feel that we have a chance at this thing." On August 31, 2020 Deputy White House Chief of Staff for Communications Dan Scavino tweeted a deepfaked video purporting to be a TV interview with a sleeping Joe Biden, which in fact was a 2011 interview with Belafonte with a still image of Biden added in.


Context: who sang the original we are the world

Context: Supergroup USA

Context: mention a few famous live performances?

Context: Harry Belafonte and Lionel Richie

Context: who is the former person?

Context: what was his role in the 2020 us presidential election?

Context: On August 31, 2020 Deputy White House Chief of Staff for Communications Dan Scavino tweeted a deepfaked video purporting to be a TV interview with a sleeping Joe Biden, which in fact was a 2011 interview with Belafonte with a still image of Biden added in.

Question: mention a few of his humanitarian activities?

Answer: He helped organize the Grammy Award-winning song "We Are the World", a multi-artist effort to raise funds for Africa

Harry Belafonte [SEP] Humanitarian activist

In 1985, he helped organize the Grammy Award-winning song "We Are the World", a multi-artist effort to raise funds for Africa. He performed in the Live Aid concert that same year. In 1987, he received an appointment to UNICEF as a goodwill ambassador. Following his appointment, Belafonte traveled to Dakar, Senegal, where he served as chairman of the International Symposium of Artists and Intellectuals for African Children. He also helped to raise funds—alongside more than 20 other artists—in the largest concert ever held in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1994, he went on a mission to Rwanda and launched a media campaign to raise awareness of the needs of Rwandan children.


Context: who sang the original we are the world

Context: Supergroup USA

Context: mention a few famous live performances?

Context: Harry Belafonte and Lionel Richie

Context: who is the former person?

Context: mention a few of his humanitarian activities?

Context: He helped organize the Grammy Award-winning song "We Are the World", a multi-artist effort to raise funds for Africa

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Harlem, New York

Harry Belafonte [SEP] Early life

Belafonte was born Harold George Bellanfanti Jr. at Lying-in Hospital on March 1, 1927, in Harlem, New York, the son of Melvine (née Love), a housekeeper, and Harold George Bellanfanti Sr., who worked as a chef. His mother was born in Jamaica, the child of a Scottish Jamaican mother and an Afro-Jamaican father. His father also was born in Jamaica, the child of a black mother and Dutch Jewish father of Sephardi origins. Belafonte has described his grandfather, whom he never met, as "a white Dutch Jew who drifted over to the islands after chasing gold and diamonds, with no luck at all".


Context: who sang the original we are the world

Context: Supergroup USA

Context: mention a few famous live performances?

Context: Harry Belafonte and Lionel Richie

Context: who is the former person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Harlem, New York

Question: name a few landmarks from the former place?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Harry Belafonte [SEP] Early life


Context: who sang the original we are the world

Context: Supergroup USA

Context: mention a few famous live performances?

Context: Harry Belafonte and Lionel Richie

Context: who is the former person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Harlem, New York

Context: name a few landmarks from the former place?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is soha controversy in harlem?

Answer: In the 2010s some real estate professionals started rebranding south Harlem and Morningside Heights as "SoHa" in an attempt to accelerate gentrification of the neighborhoods.

Harlem [SEP] SoHa controversy

In the 2010s some real estate professionals started rebranding south Harlem and Morningside Heights as "SoHa" (a name standing for "South Harlem" in the style of SoHo or NoHo) in an attempt to accelerate gentrification of the neighborhoods. "SoHa", applied to the area between West 110th and 125th Streets, has become a controversial name. Residents and other critics seeking to prevent this renaming of the area have labelled the SoHa brand as "insulting and another sign of gentrification run amok" and have said that "the rebranding not only places their neighborhood's rich history under erasure but also appears to be intent on attracting new tenants, including students from nearby Columbia University".


Context: who sang the original we are the world

Context: Supergroup USA

Context: mention a few famous live performances?

Context: Harry Belafonte and Lionel Richie

Context: who is the former person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Harlem, New York

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is soha controversy in harlem?

Context: In the 2010s some real estate professionals started rebranding south Harlem and Morningside Heights as "SoHa" in an attempt to accelerate gentrification of the neighborhoods.

Question: how is the politics over there?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Harlem [SEP] SoHa controversy


Question: those who argue today that behavior is no more than the action of chemicals

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Lamarckism [SEP] Introduction

Lamarckism, or Lamarckian inheritance, also known as "Neo-Lamarckism", is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime. This idea is also called the inheritance of acquired characteristics or soft inheritance. It is inaccurately named after the French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), who incorporated the action of soft inheritance into his evolutionary theories as a supplement to his concept of orthogenesis, a drive towards complexity. The theory is cited in textbooks to contrast with Darwinism. This paints a false picture of the history of biology, as Lamarck did not originate the idea of soft inheritance, which was known from the classical era onwards, and it was not the primary focus of Lamarck's theory of evolution.


Context: those who argue today that behavior is no more than the action of chemicals

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is lamarckism?

Answer: It is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime.

Explanation: Lamarckism, or Lamarckian inheritance, also known as "Neo-Lamarckism", is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime.

Lamarckism [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is lamarckism?

Context: It is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime.

Question: is it named after someone?

Answer: It is inaccurately named after Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

Explanation: It is inaccurately named after the French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), who incorporated the action of soft inheritance into his evolutionary theories as a supplement to his concept of orthogenesis, a drive towards complexity. The theory is cited in textbooks to contrast with Darwinism. This paints a false picture of the history of biology, as Lamarck did not originate the idea of soft inheritance, which was known from the classical era onwards, and it was not the primary focus of Lamarck's theory of evolution. Further, in "On the Origin of Species" (1859), Charles Darwin supported the idea of "use and disuse inheritance", though rejecting other aspects of Lamarck's theory. Darwin's own concept of pangenesis implied soft inheritance.

Lamarckism [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is lamarckism?

Context: is it named after someone?

Context: It is inaccurately named after Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

Question: who is he?

Answer: He was a soldier, biologist, and academic.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck [SEP] Introduction

Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist. He was a soldier, biologist, and academic, and an early proponent of the idea that biological evolution occurred and proceeded in accordance with natural laws. Lamarck fought in the Pomeranian War (1757–62) against Prussia, and was awarded a commission for bravery on the battlefield. Posted to Monaco, Lamarck became interested in natural history and resolved to study medicine. He retired from the army after being injured in 1766, and returned to his medical studies.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is lamarckism?

Context: is it named after someone?

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a soldier, biologist, and academic.

Question: what is his view on religion?

Answer: He referred to God as the "sublime author of nature".

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck [SEP] Religious views

In his book "Philosophie Zoologique", Lamarck referred to God as the "sublime author of nature". Lamarck's religious views are examined in the book "Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution" (1901) by Alpheus Packard. According to Packard from Lamarck's writings, he may be regarded as a deist. The philosopher of biology Michael Ruse described Lamarck, "as believing in God as an unmoved mover, creator of the world and its laws, who refuses to intervene miraculously in his creation." Biographer James Moore described Lamarck as a "thoroughgoing deist". The historian Jacques Roger has written, "Lamarck was a materialist to the extent that he did not consider it necessary to have recourse to any spiritual principle...


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is lamarckism?

Context: is it named after someone?

Context: who is he?

Context: what is his view on religion?

Context: He referred to God as the "sublime author of nature".

Question: which species are named in his honour?

Answer: The honeybee subspecies "Apis mellifera lamarckii" and the "Amelanchier lamarckii" (juneberry), to name a few.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck [SEP] Species named in his honour

The honeybee subspecies "Apis mellifera lamarckii" is named after Lamarck, as well as the bluefire jellyfish ("Cyaneia lamarckii"). A number of plants have also been named after him, including "Amelanchier lamarckii" (juneberry), "Digitalis lamarckii", and "Aconitum lamarckii", as well as the grass genus "Lamarckia". The International Plant Names Index gives 116 records of plant species named after Lamarck. Among the marine species, no fewer than 103 species or genera carry the epithet ""lamarcki"", ""lamarckii"" or ""lamarckiana"", but many have since become synonyms. Marine species with valid names include:


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is lamarckism?

Context: is it named after someone?

Context: who is he?

Context: what is his view on religion?

Context: which species are named in his honour?

Context: The honeybee subspecies "Apis mellifera lamarckii" and the "Amelanchier lamarckii" (juneberry), to name a few.

Question: which ones has he named?

Answer: The ark clams (Arcidae), the sea hares (Aplysiidae), and the cockles (Cardiidae), to name a few.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck [SEP] Species and other taxa named by Lamarck

During his lifetime, Lamarck named a large number of species, many of which have become synonyms. The World Register of Marine Species gives no fewer than 1,634 records. The Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database gives 1,781 records. Among these are some well-known families such as the ark clams (Arcidae), the sea hares (Aplysiidae), and the cockles (Cardiidae). The International Plant Names Index gives 58 records, including a number of well-known genera such as the mosquito fern ("Azolla").


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is lamarckism?

Context: is it named after someone?

Context: who is he?

Context: what is his view on religion?

Context: which species are named in his honour?

Context: which ones has he named?

Context: The ark clams (Arcidae), the sea hares (Aplysiidae), and the cockles (Cardiidae), to name a few.

Question: how does the second species named in his honour, defends itself?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is lamarckism?

Context: is it named after someone?

Context: who is he?

Context: what is his view on religion?

Context: which species are named in his honour?

Context: which ones has he named?

Context: how does the second species named in his honour, defends itself?

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Question: the second one that he named, how do they defend themselves?

Answer: They spout ink when disturbed or attacked.

Aplysiidae [SEP] Defenses

Some species spout ink when disturbed or attacked, and they may also swim (rather than crawl) away, using their broad wing-like flaps or parapodia. The ink is extracted from their algal food, rather than being synthesized. Sea hares have two main secretory glands in their mantle cavity. The genus "Aplysia" has proved useful as a model in neurobiology for the study of electrical synapses, which mediate the release of the clouds of ink.


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Context: what is lamarckism?

Context: is it named after someone?

Context: who is he?

Context: what is his view on religion?

Context: which species are named in his honour?

Context: which ones has he named?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: the second one that he named, how do they defend themselves?

Context: They spout ink when disturbed or attacked.

Question: what is its habit of mating?

Answer: They can mate in pairs with one acting as a male, the other as a female, but they commonly occur in quite crowded numbers during the mating season, and this often leads to chains of three or more sea hares mating together.

Explanation: They have unusual mating habits: they can mate in pairs with one acting as a male, the other as a female, but they commonly occur in quite crowded numbers during the mating season, and this often leads to chains of three or more sea hares mating together. The one at the front acts as a female and the one at the back as a male. The animal(s) in between are acting as both males and females, in other words, the animal receiving sperm passes its own sperm to a third sea hare.

Aplysiidae [SEP] Mating habits

Sea hares are hermaphrodites, with fully functional male and female reproductive organs. The penis is on the right side of the head while the vagina is situated in the mantle cavity, beneath the shell, deep down between the parapodia. It is therefore physically impossible for mating partners to act as both male and female at the same time. They have unusual mating habits: they can mate in pairs with one acting as a male, the other as a female, but they commonly occur in quite crowded numbers during the mating season, and this often leads to chains of three or more sea hares mating together.


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Context: what is lamarckism?

Context: is it named after someone?

Context: who is he?

Context: what is his view on religion?

Context: which species are named in his honour?

Context: which ones has he named?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its habit of mating?

Context: They can mate in pairs with one acting as a male, the other as a female, but they commonly occur in quite crowded numbers during the mating season, and this often leads to chains of three or more sea hares mating together.

Question: which animals prey on them?

Answer: sea spiders, wrasses and sea turtles.

Explanation: Predators include pycnogonid sea spiders, wrasses and sea turtles.

Aplysiidae [SEP] Predators


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Context: is it named after someone?

Context: who is he?

Context: what is his view on religion?

Context: which species are named in his honour?

Context: which ones has he named?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its habit of mating?

Context: which animals prey on them?

Context: sea spiders, wrasses and sea turtles.

Question: what is the life span of the last one?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Aplysiidae [SEP] Predators