Context: who led the conquest?

Context: where was the duke from?

Context: when did this title originate?

Context: what country uses it?

Context: France

Question: what are the popular destinations in the country for visitors?

Answer: he most popular tourist sites include (annual visitors): Eiffel Tower (6.2 million), Château de Versailles (2.8 million), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (2 million), Pont du Gard (1.5 million), Arc de Triomphe

France [SEP] Tourism

With 89 million international tourist arrivals in 2018, France is ranked as the first tourist destination in the world, ahead of Spain (83 million) and the United States (80 million). It is third in income from tourism due to shorter duration of visits. The most popular tourist sites include (annual visitors): Eiffel Tower (6.2 million), Château de Versailles (2.8 million), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (2 million), Pont du Gard (1.5 million), Arc de Triomphe (1.2 million), Mont Saint-Michel (1 million), Sainte-Chapelle (683,000), Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg (549,000), Puy de Dôme (500,000), Musée Picasso (441,000), and Carcassonne (362,000).


Context: what were the results of the norman conquest

Context: William's force defeated Harold, who was killed in the engagement

Context: who led the conquest?

Context: Duke of Normandy later styled William the Conqueror.

Context: where was the duke from?

Context: Duchy of Normandy in north-western France.

Context: when did this title originate?

Context: The first recorded use of the title duke ("dux") is in an act in favour of the Abbey of Fécamp in 1006 by Richard II.

Context: what country uses it?

Context: France

Context: what are the popular destinations in the country for visitors?

Context: he most popular tourist sites include (annual visitors): Eiffel Tower (6.2 million), Château de Versailles (2.8 million), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (2 million), Pont du Gard (1.5 million), Arc de Triomphe

Question: what is the weather like in the country?

Answer: Summers are hot and dry, while winters are mild and wet

France [SEP] Climate

The French metropolitan territory is relatively large, so the climate is not uniform, giving rise to the following climate nuances: • The hot-summer mediterranean climate ("Csa") is found along the Gulf of Lion. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are mild and wet. Cities affected by this climate: Arles, Avignon, Fréjus, Hyères, Marseille, Menton, Montpellier, Nice, Perpignan, Toulon. • The warm-summer mediterranean climate ("Csb") is found in the northern part of Brittany. Summers are warm and dry, while winters are cool and wet. Cities affected by this climate: Belle Île, Saint-Brieuc.


Context: who led the conquest?

Context: where was the duke from?

Context: when did this title originate?

Context: what country uses it?

Context: France

Context: what is the weather like in the country?

Context: Summers are hot and dry, while winters are mild and wet

Question: what countries share a border with it?

Answer: Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland, Monaco and Italy to the east and Andorra and Spain to the south.

Explanation: France (), officially the French Republic (, ), is a country consisting of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. It borders Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland, Monaco and Italy to the east and Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral regions (five of which are situated overseas) span a combined area of and a total population of 67.07 million (). France is a unita

France [SEP] Introduction

Emerging victorious from said conflicts, disputes with Spain and the Holy Roman Empire soon followed during the Renaissance but were ultimately less successful. However, French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established, which by the 20th century would become the second largest in the world. The second half of the 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots), which severely weakened the country. But France once again emerged as Europe's dominant cultural, political, and military power in the 17th century under Louis XIV following the Thirty Years' War. An inadequate financial model and inequitable taxation system as well as endless and costly wars to maintain its predominant position, the Seven Years' War and American War of Independence among them, left the heavily indebted kingdom in a precarious situation by the end of the 18th century.


Context: who led the conquest?

Context: where was the duke from?

Context: when did this title originate?

Context: what country uses it?

Context: France

Context: what countries share a border with it?

Question: does it have any restricted areas?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

France [SEP] Introduction

France (), officially the French Republic (, ), is a country consisting of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. It borders Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland, Monaco and Italy to the east and Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral regions (five of which are situated overseas) span a combined area of and a total population of 67.07 million ().


Context: who led the conquest?

Context: where was the duke from?

Context: when did this title originate?

Context: what country uses it?

Context: France

Context: what countries share a border with it?

Context: does it have any restricted areas?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are its common exports?

Answer: Champagne and Bordeaux wines

Explanation: heat, poultry, dairy, beef, and pork, as well as internationally recognized processed foods are the primary French agricultural exports. Rosé wines are primarily consumed within the country, but Champagne and Bordeaux wines are major exports, being known worldwide. EU agriculture subsidies to France have decreased in recent years but still amounted to $8 billion in 2007. That same year, France sold 33.4 billion euros of transformed agricultural p

France [SEP] Agriculture

France has historically been a large producer of agricultural products. Extensive tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and EU subsidies have combined to make France the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe (representing 20% of the EU's agricultural production) and the world's third biggest exporter of agricultural products. Wheat, poultry, dairy, beef, and pork, as well as internationally recognized processed foods are the primary French agricultural exports. Rosé wines are primarily consumed within the country, but Champagne and Bordeaux wines are major exports, being known worldwide. EU agriculture subsidies to France have decreased in recent years but still amounted to $8 billion in 2007.


Question: when was the gold rush how did it effect california

Answer: It was in 1848–1855 and it developed the commerce in california.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction

The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden influx of gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and accelerated the Native American population's decline from disease, starvation and the California Genocide.


Context: when was the gold rush how did it effect california

Context: It was in 1848–1855 and it developed the commerce in california.

Question: what is california gold rush?

Answer: It was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.

Explanation: The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: It was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.

Question: when was this mill founded?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where is this mill located?

Answer: South Fork American River.

Sutter's Mill [SEP] Location

The site of the mill is located on the South Fork American River. Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park is registered as California Historical Landmark number 530. The current Sutter's Mill is a replica of the original building. It was built based on Marshall's own drawings and an early day photo of the mill.


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Question: when was the gold rush discovered?

Answer: 1848.

Explanation: The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, w

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Context: when was the gold rush discovered?

Question: how did the people transport it to california?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Context: when was the gold rush discovered?

Context: how did the people transport it to california?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: were any people driven out during this time?

Answer: Yes, the Native Californians.

Explanation: American economy, and the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and accelerated the Native American population's decline from disease, starvation and the California Genocide. By the time it ended, California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory, to having one of its first two U.S. Se

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction

Prospectors retrieved the gold from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques, such as panning. Although the mining caused environmental harm, more sophisticated methods of gold recovery were developed and later adopted around the world. New methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular service. By 1869, railroads were built from California to the eastern United States. At its peak, technological advances reached a point where significant financing was required, increasing the proportion of gold companies to individual miners. Gold worth tens of billions of today's US dollars was recovered, which led to great wealth for a few, though many who participated in the California Gold Rush earned little more than they had started with.


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Context: when was the gold rush discovered?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: were any people driven out during this time?

Context: Yes, the Native Californians.

Question: can you tell me one reason for them being driven out?

Answer: To easily mine gold on the natives land.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Indigenous peoples driven out

By 1850, most of the easily accessible gold had been collected, and attention turned to extracting gold from more difficult locations. Faced with gold increasingly difficult to retrieve, Americans began to drive out foreigners to get at the most accessible gold that remained. The new California State Legislature passed a foreign miners tax of twenty dollars per month ($ per month as of 2020), and American prospectors began organized attacks on foreign miners, particularly Latin Americans and Chinese. In addition, the huge numbers of newcomers were driving Native Americans out of their traditional hunting, fishing and food-gathering areas. To protect their homes and livelihood, some Native Americans responded by attacking the miners.


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Context: when was the gold rush discovered?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Native Californians.

Context: can you tell me one reason for them being driven out?

Context: To easily mine gold on the natives land.

Question: where was gold discovered earlier?

Answer: Placerita Canyon.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Earlier discoveries of gold

The first gold found in California was made on March 9, 1842. Francisco Lopez, a native California, was searching for stray horses. He stopped on the bank of a small creek in what later was known as Placerita Canyon, about east of the present-day Newhall, California, and about northwest of Los Angeles. While the horses grazed, Lopez dug up some wild onions and found a small gold nugget in the roots among the onion bulbs. He looked further and found more gold. Lopez took the gold to authorities who confirmed its worth. Lopez and others began to search for other streambeds with gold deposits in the area.


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Context: when was the gold rush discovered?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Native Californians.

Context: where was gold discovered earlier?

Context: Placerita Canyon.

Question: were there any legal rights related to the gold rush?

Answer: Since there were no official laws at the start, the miners informally adapted Mexican mining law that had existed in California.

Explanation: The benefit to the forty-niners was that the gold was simply "free for the taking" at first. In the goldfields at the beginning, there was no private property, no licensing fees, and no taxes. The miners informally adapted Mexican mining law that had existed in California. For example, the rules attempted to balan

California Gold Rush [SEP] Legal rights

In the goldfields at the beginning, there was no private property, no licensing fees, and no taxes. The miners informally adapted Mexican mining law that had existed in California. For example, the rules attempted to balance the rights of early arrivers at a site with later arrivers; a "claim" could be "staked" by a prospector, but that claim was valid only as long as it was being actively worked.


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Context: when was the gold rush discovered?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Native Californians.

Context: where was gold discovered earlier?

Context: Placerita Canyon.

Context: were there any legal rights related to the gold rush?

Context: Since there were no official laws at the start, the miners informally adapted Mexican mining law that had existed in California.

Question: did the people make any profits out of this gold rush?

Answer: Yes.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Profits

Recent scholarship confirms that merchants made far more money than miners during the Gold Rush. The wealthiest man in California during the early years of the rush was Samuel Brannan, a tireless self-promoter, shopkeeper and newspaper publisher. Brannan opened the first supply stores in Sacramento, Coloma, and other spots in the goldfields. Just as the rush began he purchased all the prospecting supplies available in San Francisco and re-sold them at a substantial profit. Some gold-seekers made a significant amount of money. On average, half the gold-seekers made a modest profit, after taking all expenses into account; economic historians have suggested that white miners were more successful than black, Indian, or Chinese miners.


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Context: when was the gold rush discovered?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Native Californians.

Context: where was gold discovered earlier?

Context: Placerita Canyon.

Context: did the people make any profits out of this gold rush?

Context: Yes.

Question: how much profit did they make the first time?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

California Gold Rush [SEP] Profits


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Context: when was the gold rush discovered?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Native Californians.

Context: where was gold discovered earlier?

Context: Placerita Canyon.

Context: Yes.

Context: how much profit did they make the first time?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where was the founder from?

Answer: Hopewell Township, New Jersey.

James W. Marshall [SEP] Biography

James Wilson Marshall, of English descent, was born to Philip Marshall and Sarah Wilson (married 1808) at the family homestead in Hopewell Township, New Jersey (then part of Hunterdon County, New Jersey, currently part of Mercer County) on October 8, 1810. The family homestead was known as the Round Mountain Farm and is still known as Marshalls Corner. He was the oldest of four children, and the only male. In 1816, the Marshall family relocated to nearby Lambertville, where Philip constructed a house on approximately five acres of land. James left New Jersey in 1834 and headed west. After spending time in Indiana and Illinois, he settled in Missouri (in an area created by the Platte Purchase) in 1844, and began farming along the Missouri River.


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Context: when was the gold rush discovered?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Native Californians.

Context: where was gold discovered earlier?

Context: Placerita Canyon.

Context: Yes.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the founder from?

Context: Hopewell Township, New Jersey.

Question: what is his profession?

Answer: Carpenter and sawmill operator.

James W. Marshall [SEP] Introduction

James Wilson Marshall (October 8, 1810 – August 10, 1885) was an American carpenter and sawmill operator, who reported the finding of gold at Coloma on the American River in California on January 24, 1848, the impetus for the California Gold Rush. The mill property was owned by Johann (John) Sutter who employed Marshall to build his mill. The wave of gold seekers turned everyone's attention away from the mill which eventually fell into disrepair and was never used as intended. Neither Marshall nor Sutter ever profited from the gold find.


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Context: when was the gold rush discovered?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Native Californians.

Context: where was gold discovered earlier?

Context: Placerita Canyon.

Context: Yes.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the founder from?

Context: Hopewell Township, New Jersey.

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Carpenter and sawmill operator.

Question: is he still alive?

Answer: No, he died on August 10, 1885.

Explanation: James Wilson Marshall (October 8, 1810 – August 10, 1885)

James W. Marshall [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is california gold rush?

Context: when was this mill founded?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this mill located?

Context: South Fork American River.

Context: when was the gold rush discovered?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Native Californians.

Context: where was gold discovered earlier?

Context: Placerita Canyon.

Context: Yes.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the founder from?

Context: Hopewell Township, New Jersey.

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Carpenter and sawmill operator.

Context: is he still alive?

Context: No, he died on August 10, 1885.

Question: did the gold rush have any long-term effects?

Answer: Yes, the state motto, the images on the California State Seal and the nickname.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Longer-term effects

Included among the modern legacies of the California Gold Rush are the California state motto, "Eureka" ("I have found it"), Gold Rush images on the California State Seal, and the state nickname, "The Golden State", as well as place names, such as Placer County, Rough and Ready, Placerville (formerly named "Dry Diggings" and then "Hangtown" during rush time), Whiskeytown, Drytown, Angels Camp, Happy Camp, and Sawyers Bar. The 1925 California Diamond Jubilee half dollar featured a Gold Rush-era prospector panning for gold. The San Francisco 49ers National Football League team, and the similarly named athletic teams of California State University, Long Beach, are named for the prospectors of the California Gold Rush.


Question: who went to california during the gold rush

Answer: The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.

Explanation: The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction


Context: who went to california during the gold rush

Context: The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.

Question: when did it take place?

Answer: 1848–1855

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did it take place?

Question: who found it?

Answer: James W. Marshall

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did it take place?

Context: who found it?

Context: James W. Marshall

Question: how was this discovery confirmed?

Answer: It was confirmed by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Discovery announced

Rumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting "Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River!" On August 19, 1848, the "New York Herald" was the first major newspaper on the East Coast to report the discovery of gold. On December 5, 1848, US President James K. Polk confirmed the discovery of gold in an address to Congress. As a result, individuals seeking to benefit from the gold rush—later called the "forty-niners"—began moving to the Gold Country of California or "Mother Lode" from other countries and from other parts of the United States.


Context: when did it take place?

Context: who found it?

Context: James W. Marshall

Context: how was this discovery confirmed?

Context: It was confirmed by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan.

Question: how are the forty-niners associated with this?

Answer: The gold seekers, called "forty-niners", attacked and pushed off whole indigenous societies off their lands.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction

By the time it ended, California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory, to having one of its first two U.S. Senators, John C. Frémont, selected to be the first presidential nominee for the new Republican Party, in 1856. The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. Whole indigenous societies were attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called "forty-niners" (referring to 1849, the peak year for Gold Rush immigration). Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), and Latin America in late 1848. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold Rush, about half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the Gila River trail; forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip.


Context: when did it take place?

Context: who found it?

Context: James W. Marshall

Context: how was this discovery confirmed?

Context: how are the forty-niners associated with this?

Context: The gold seekers, called "forty-niners", attacked and pushed off whole indigenous societies off their lands.

Question: can you tell me more about the place where this event took place?

Answer: It is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area, and is also the world's thirty-fourth most populous subnational entity.

California [SEP] Introduction

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States of America. With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area, and is also the world's thirty-fourth most populous subnational entity. California is also the most populated subnational entity in North America, and has its state capital in Sacramento. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second-most populous, after New York City.


Context: when did it take place?

Context: who found it?

Context: James W. Marshall

Context: how was this discovery confirmed?

Context: can you tell me more about the place where this event took place?

Context: It is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area, and is also the world's thirty-fourth most populous subnational entity.

Question: which are the various ethnic groups seen there?

Answer: Non-Hispanic whites and Hispanic or Latino.

California [SEP] Race and ethnicity

According to the United States Census Bureau in 2018 the population self-identifies as (alone or in combination): By ethnicity, in 2018 the population was 60.7% non-Hispanic (of any race) and 39.3% Hispanic or Latino (of any race). Hispanics are the largest single ethnic group in California. Non-Hispanic whites constituted 36.8% of the state's population. "Californios" are the Hispanic residents native to California, who are culturally or genetically descended from the Spanish-speaking community which has existed in California since 1542, of varying Mexican American/Chicano, Criollo Spaniard, and Mestizo origin. , 75.1% of California's population younger than age 1 were minorities, meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white (white Hispanics are counted as minorities).


Context: when did it take place?

Context: who found it?

Context: James W. Marshall

Context: how was this discovery confirmed?

Context: which are the various ethnic groups seen there?

Context: Non-Hispanic whites and Hispanic or Latino.

Question: what are some of their major sports?

Answer: Football

Explanation:
The NFL Super Bowl has been hosted in California 11 times at four different stadiums: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the Rose Bowl, Stanford Stadium, and San Diego's Qualcomm Stadium. A twelfth, Super Bowl 50, was held at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara on February 7, 2016.

California has long had many respected collegiate sports programs. California is home to the oldest college bowl game, the annual Rose Bowl, among others.

California [SEP] Sports

California has long had many respected collegiate sports programs. California is home to the oldest college bowl game, the annual Rose Bowl, among others. California is the only U.S. state to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The 1932 and 1984 summer games were held in Los Angeles. Squaw Valley Ski Resort in the Lake Tahoe region hosted the 1960 Winter Olympics. Los Angeles will host the 2028 Summer Olympics, marking the fourth time that California will have hosted the Olympic Games. Multiple games during the 1994 FIFA World Cup took place in California, with the Rose Bowl hosting eight matches (including the final), while Stanford Stadium hosted six matches.


Context: when did it take place?

Context: who found it?

Context: James W. Marshall

Context: how was this discovery confirmed?

Context: what are some of their major sports?

Context: Football

Question: which is their club?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

California [SEP] Sports

California has nineteen major professional sports league franchises, far more than any other state. The San Francisco Bay Area has six major league teams spread in its three major cities: San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland, while the Greater Los Angeles Area is home to ten major league franchises. San Diego and Sacramento each have one major league team. The NFL Super Bowl has been hosted in California 11 times at four different stadiums: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the Rose Bowl, Stanford Stadium, and San Diego's Qualcomm Stadium. A twelfth, Super Bowl 50, was held at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara on February 7, 2016.


Context: when did it take place?

Context: who found it?

Context: James W. Marshall

Context: how was this discovery confirmed?

Context: what are some of their major sports?

Context: Football

Context: which is their club?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how is this state associated with the mexican rule?

Answer: The Mexican War of Independence gave Mexico (including California) independence from Spain. For the next 25 years, Alta California remained as a remote, sparsely populated, northwestern administrative district of the newly independent country of Mexico.

California [SEP] Mexican rule

In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence gave Mexico (including California) independence from Spain. For the next 25 years, Alta California remained as a remote, sparsely populated, northwestern administrative district of the newly independent country of Mexico. The missions, which controlled most of the best land in the state, were secularized by 1834 and became the property of the Mexican government. The governor granted many square leagues of land to others with political influence. These huge "ranchos" or cattle ranches emerged as the dominant institutions of Mexican California. The ranchos developed under ownership by Californios (Hispanics native of California) who traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants.


Question: who founded new netherland and pennsylvania and why

Answer: The Dutch founded New Netherlands to expand the reach of the Netherlands and William Penn founded Pennsylvania which was a payment for a debt the crown owed his family

Middle Colonies [SEP] Province of Pennsylvania

King Charles II granted the land for the Pennsylvania Colony to William Penn on March 4, 1681 as payment for a debt the crown owed his family. Penn wrote the Frame of Government of Pennsylvania before departing for the colony, which called for religious tolerance towards many groups, including the Religious Society of Friends and local natives. As a proprietary colony, Penn governed Pennsylvania, yet its citizens were still subject to the English crown and laws. Penn's cousin William Markham served as the first colonial deputy governor. Demarcated by the 42nd parallel north and 39th parallel north, Pennsylvania was bordered by the Delaware River and the colonies of New York, Maryland, and New Jersey.


Context: who founded new netherland and pennsylvania and why

Context: The Dutch founded New Netherlands to expand the reach of the Netherlands and William Penn founded Pennsylvania which was a payment for a debt the crown owed his family

Question: what are these colonies?

Answer: They were a subset of the Thirteen Colonies in British America.

Middle Colonies [SEP] Introduction

The Middle Colonies were a subset of the Thirteen Colonies in British America, located between the New England Colonies and the Southern Colonies. Along with the Chesapeake Colonies, this area now roughly makes up the Mid-Atlantic states. Much of the area was part of New Netherland until the British exerted their control over the region. The British captured much of the area in their war with the Dutch around 1664, and the majority of the conquered land became the Province of New York. The Duke of York and the King of England would later grant others ownership of the land which would become the Province of New Jersey and the Province of Pennsylvania.


Context: what are these colonies?

Context: They were a subset of the Thirteen Colonies in British America.

Question: which were these thirteen ones?

Answer: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

Thirteen Colonies [SEP] Introduction

Just prior to declaring independence, the Thirteen Colonies consisted of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.


Context: what are these colonies?

Context: which were these thirteen ones?

Context: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

Question: who were the english colonists in regard to the middle ones?

Answer: The New England colonies were - Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire.

Thirteen Colonies [SEP] Introduction

The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies or the Thirteen American Colonies, were a group of colonies of Great Britain on the Atlantic coast of North America founded in the 17th and 18th centuries which declared independence in 1776 and formed the United States of America. The Thirteen Colonies had very similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, and were dominated by Protestant English-speakers. The New England colonies (Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire), as well as the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania, were founded primarily for religious beliefs, while the other colonies were founded for business and economic expansion.


Context: what are these colonies?

Context: which were these thirteen ones?

Context: who were the english colonists in regard to the middle ones?

Context: The New England colonies were - Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Hampshire.

Question: you have mentioned a person associated with pennsylvania; who was he in general?

Answer: No.

William Penn [SEP] Introduction

William Penn (14 October 1644 – 30 July 1718) was the son of the admiral and politician Sir William Penn. Penn was a writer, early member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and founder of the English North American colony the Province of Pennsylvania. He was an early advocate of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Native Americans. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed. Philadelphia was planned out to be grid-like with its streets and be very easy to navigate, unlike London where Penn was from.


Context: what are these colonies?

Context: which were these thirteen ones?

Context: you have mentioned a person associated with pennsylvania; who was he in general?

Context: No.

Question: was he ever imprisoned?

Answer: Yes, in 1668, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London after writing a follow-up tract entitled "The Sandy Foundation Shaken".

William Penn [SEP] Persecutions and imprisonments

Penn's first of many pamphlets, "Truth Exalted: To Princes, Priests, and People" (1668), was a criticism of all religious groups, except Quakers, which he perceived as the only true Christian group living at that time in England. He branded the Catholic Church as "the Whore of Babylon", defied the Church of England, and called the Puritans "hypocrites and revelers in God". He also lambasted all "false prophets, tithemongers, and opposers of perfection". Pepys thought it a "ridiculous nonsensical book" that he was "ashamed to read". In 1668 Penn was imprisoned in the Tower of London after writing a follow-up tract entitled "The Sandy Foundation Shaken".


Context: what are these colonies?

Context: which were these thirteen ones?

Context: No.

Context: was he ever imprisoned?

Context: Yes, in 1668, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London after writing a follow-up tract entitled "The Sandy Foundation Shaken".

Question: what was his profession?

Answer: He was a writer.

Explanation: Penn was a writer, early member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and founder of the English North American colony the Province of Pennsylvania.

William Penn [SEP] Introduction


Context: what are these colonies?

Context: which were these thirteen ones?

Context: No.

Context: was he ever imprisoned?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: He was a writer.

Question: did he travel to any other country?

Answer: Yes, to Ireland and Germany.

William Penn [SEP] Penn in Ireland (1669–1670)

In 1669, Penn traveled to Ireland to deal with many of his father's estates. While there, he attended many meetings and stayed with leading Quaker families. He became a great friend of William Morris, a leading Quaker figure in Cork, and often stayed with Morris at Castle Salem near Rosscarbery.


Context: what are these colonies?

Context: which were these thirteen ones?

Context: No.

Context: was he ever imprisoned?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: He was a writer.

Context: did he travel to any other country?

Context: Yes, to Ireland and Germany.

Question: why did he travel to the former country?

Answer: To deal with many of his father's estates.

Explanation: In 1669, Penn traveled to Ireland to deal with many of his father's estates.


Context: what are these colonies?

Context: which were these thirteen ones?

Context: No.

Context: was he ever imprisoned?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: He was a writer.

Context: did he travel to any other country?

Context: Yes, to Ireland and Germany.

Context: why did he travel to the former country?

Context: To deal with many of his father's estates.

Question: you have mentioned about a place where he was imprisoned; where is it located?

Answer: On the north bank of the River Thames in central London.

Tower of London [SEP] Introduction

The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite.


Context: what are these colonies?

Context: which were these thirteen ones?

Context: No.

Context: was he ever imprisoned?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: He was a writer.

Context: did he travel to any other country?

Context: Yes, to Ireland and Germany.

Context: you have mentioned about a place where he was imprisoned; where is it located?

Context: On the north bank of the River Thames in central London.

Question: when was it founded?

Answer: 1066.

Explanation: It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire cas

Tower of London [SEP] Introduction


Context: what are these colonies?

Context: which were these thirteen ones?

Context: No.

Context: was he ever imprisoned?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: He was a writer.

Context: did he travel to any other country?

Context: Yes, to Ireland and Germany.

Context: when was it founded?

Question: is it a tourist spot now?

Answer: Yes, it is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the country.

Tower of London [SEP] Restoration and tourism

The Tower of London has become established as one of the most popular tourist attractions in the country. It has been a tourist attraction since at least the Elizabethan period, when it was one of the sights of London that foreign visitors wrote about. Its most popular attractions were the Royal Menagerie and displays of armour. The Crown Jewels also garner much interest, and have been on public display since 1669. The Tower steadily gained popularity with tourists through the 19th century, despite the opposition of the Duke of Wellington to visitors. Numbers became so high that by 1851 a purpose-built ticket office was erected.


Context: what are these colonies?

Context: which were these thirteen ones?

Context: No.

Context: was he ever imprisoned?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: He was a writer.

Context: did he travel to any other country?

Context: Yes, to Ireland and Germany.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: is it a tourist spot now?

Context: Yes, it is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the country.

Question: and is it haunted?

Answer: Yes, In January 1816, a sentry on guard outside the Jewel House claimed to have witnessed an apparition of a bear advancing towards him, and reportedly died of fright a few days later. In October 1817, a tubular, glowing apparition was claimed to have been seen in the Jewel House by the Keeper of the Crown Jewels, Edmund Lenthal Swifte. Other nameless and formless terrors have been reported, more recently, by night staff at the Tower.

Explanation: Anne Boleyn was beheaded in 1536 for treason against Henry VIII; her ghost supposedly haunts the Church of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower, where she is buried, and has been said to walk around the White Tower carrying her head under her arm. This haunting is commemorated in the 1934 comic song "With Her Head Tucked Underneath Her Arm". Other reported ghosts include Henry VI, Lady Jane Grey, Margaret Pole, and the Princes in the Tower. In January 1816, a sentry on guard outside the Jewel House claimed to have witnessed an apparition of a bear advancing towards him, and reportedly died of fright a few days later. In October 1817, a tubular, glowing apparition was claimed to have been seen in the Jewel House by the Keeper of the Crown Jewels, Edmund Lenthal Swifte. He said that the apparition hovered over the shoulder of his wife, leading her to exclaim: "Oh, Christ! It has seized me!" Other nameless and formless terrors have been reported, more recently, by night staff at the Tower.

Tower of London [SEP] Ghosts


Question: who gave the first lecture of the royal society

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Royal Society [SEP] Introduction

The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. Founded on 28 November 1660, it was granted a royal charter by King Charles II as "The Royal Society". It is the oldest national scientific institution in the world. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, recognising excellence in science, supporting outstanding science, providing scientific advice for policy, fostering international and global co-operation, education and public engagement. The society is governed by its Council, which is chaired by the Society's President, according to a set of statutes and standing orders.


Context: who gave the first lecture of the royal society

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the objective of this society?

Answer: Promoting science and its benefits, recognising excellence in science, supporting outstanding science, providing scientific advice for policy, fostering international and global co-operation, education and public engagement.

Explanation: The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, recognising excellence in science, supporting outstanding science, providing scientific advice for policy, fostering international and global co-operation, education and public engagement.

Royal Society [SEP] Introduction

The members of Council and the President are elected from and by its Fellows, the basic members of the society, who are themselves elected by existing Fellows. As of 2016, there are about 1,600 fellows, allowed to use the postnominal title FRS (Fellow of the Royal Society), with up to 52 new fellows appointed each year. There are also royal fellows, honorary fellows and foreign members, the last of which are allowed to use the postnominal title ForMemRS (Foreign Member of the Royal Society). The Royal Society President is Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, who took up the post on 30 November 2015.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the objective of this society?

Context: Promoting science and its benefits, recognising excellence in science, supporting outstanding science, providing scientific advice for policy, fostering international and global co-operation, education and public engagement.

Question: when was it founded?

Answer: 28 November 1660

Explanation: The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. Founded on 28 November 1660, it was granted a royal charter by King Charles II as "The Royal Society". It is the oldest national scientific institution in the world. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, recognising excellence in science, supporting outstanding science, providing scientific advice for policy, fostering international and global co-operation, education and public engagement.

Royal Society [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the objective of this society?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 28 November 1660

Question: who founded it?

Answer: Robert Boyle.

Explanation: As a founder of the Royal Society, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1663. Boyle's law is named in his honour. The Royal Society of Chemistry issues a Robert Boyle Prize for Analytical Science, named in his honour. The Boyle Medal for Scientific Excellence in Ireland, inaugurated in 1899, is awarded jointly by the Royal Dublin Society and The Irish Times. Launched in 2012, The Robert Boyle Summer School organized by the Waterford Institute of Technology with support from Lismore Castle, is held annually to honor the heritage of Robert Boyle.

Robert Boyle [SEP] Awards and honours


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the objective of this society?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 28 November 1660

Context: who founded it?

Context: Robert Boyle.

Question: what are their various activities?

Answer: The society acts as an advisor to the UK Government, the European Commission and the United Nations on matters of science. It publishes several reports a year, and serves as the Academy of Sciences of the United Kingdom.

Explanation: The society has a variety of functions and activities. It supports modern science by disbursing nearly £42 million to fund approximately 600 research fellowships for both early and late career scientists, along with innovation, mobility and research capacity grants. Its Awards, prize lectures and medals all come with prize money intended to finance research, and it provides subsidised communications and media skills courses for research scientists. Much of this activity is supported by a grant from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, most of which is channelled to the University Research Fellowships (URF). In 2008, the society opened the Royal Society Enterprise Fund, intended to invest in new scientific companies and be self-sustaining, funded (after an initial set of donations on the 350th anniversary of the society) by the returns from its investments.

Royal Society [SEP] Functions and activities


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the objective of this society?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 28 November 1660

Context: who founded it?

Context: Robert Boyle.

Context: what are their various activities?

Context: The society acts as an advisor to the UK Government, the European Commission and the United Nations on matters of science. It publishes several reports a year, and serves as the Academy of Sciences of the United Kingdom.

Question: who is the above mentioned person?

Answer: An Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor. He is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist. He is best known for Boyle's law

Explanation: Robert Boyle (; 25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method. He is best known for Boyle's law, which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system. Among his works, "The Sceptical Chymist" is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry. He was a devout and pious Anglican and is noted for his writings in theology.

Robert Boyle [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the objective of this society?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 28 November 1660

Context: who founded it?

Context: Robert Boyle.

Context: what are their various activities?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: An Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor. He is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist. He is best known for Boyle's law

Question: what was his role as a scientific investigator?

Answer: He carried out the principles which Francis Bacon espoused in the "Novum Organum"

Explanation:
Boyle's great merit as a scientific investigator is that he carried out the principles which Francis Bacon espoused in the "Novum Organum". Yet he would not avow himself a follower of Bacon, or indeed of any other teacher.

On several occasions he mentions that to keep his judgment as unprepossessed as might be with any of the modern theories of philosophy, until he was "provided of experiments" to help him judge of them. He refrained from any study of the atomical and the Cartesian systems, and even of the Novum Organum itself, though he admits to "transiently consulting" them about a few particulars. Nothing was more alien to his mental temperament than the spinning of hypotheses. He regarded the acquisition of knowledge as an end in itself, and in consequence he gained a wider outlook on the aims of scientific inquiry than had been enjoyed by his predecessors for many centuries. This, however, did not mean that he paid no attention to the practical application of science nor that he

Robert Boyle [SEP] Scientific investigator


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the objective of this society?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 28 November 1660

Context: who founded it?

Context: Robert Boyle.

Context: what are their various activities?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: what was his role as a scientific investigator?

Context: He carried out the principles which Francis Bacon espoused in the "Novum Organum"

Question: what did his aforesaid law state?

Answer: It describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases.

Boyle's law [SEP] Introduction

Boyle's law, also referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law, or Mariotte's law (especially in France), is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases. A modern statement of Boyle's law is: The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system. Mathematically, Boyle's law can be stated as:


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the objective of this society?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 28 November 1660

Context: who founded it?

Context: Robert Boyle.

Context: what are their various activities?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: what did his aforesaid law state?

Context: It describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases.

Question: how is this related to kinetic theory?

Answer: The law can also be derived theoretically based on the presumed existence of atoms and molecules and assumptions about motion and perfectly elastic collisions

Explanation: Boyle (and Mariotte) derived the law solely by experiment. The law can also be derived theoretically based on the presumed existence of atoms and molecules and assumptions about motion and perfectly elastic collisions (see kinetic theory of gases). These assumptions were met with enormous resistance in the positivist scientific community at the time, however, as they were seen as purely theoretical constructs for which there was not the slightest observational evidence.

Boyle's law [SEP] Relation with kinetic theory and ideal gases


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the objective of this society?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 28 November 1660

Context: who founded it?

Context: Robert Boyle.

Context: what are their various activities?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: what did his aforesaid law state?

Context: how is this related to kinetic theory?

Context: The law can also be derived theoretically based on the presumed existence of atoms and molecules and assumptions about motion and perfectly elastic collisions

Question: what is the equation?

Answer: So long as temperature remains constant the same amount of energy given to the system persists throughout its operation and therefore, theoretically, the value of "k" will remain constant.

Explanation: So long as temperature remains constant the same amount of energy given to the system persists throughout its operation and therefore, theoretically, the value of "k" will remain constant. However, due to the derivation of pressure as perpendicular applied force and the probabilistic likelihood of collisions with other particles through collision theory, the application of force to a surface may not be infinitely constant for such values of "v", but will have a limit when differentiating such values over a given time. Forcing the volume "V" of the fixed quantity of gas to increase, keeping the gas at the initially measured temperature, the pressure "p" must decrease proportionally. Conversely, reducing the volume of the gas increases the pressure. Boyle's law is used to predict the result of introducing a change, in volume and pressure only, to the initial state of a fixed quantity of gas.

Boyle's law [SEP] Equation

The mathematical equation for Boyle's law is: where: So long as temperature remains constant the same amount of energy given to the system persists throughout its operation and therefore, theoretically, the value of "k" will remain constant. However, due to the derivation of pressure as perpendicular applied force and the probabilistic likelihood of collisions with other particles through collision theory, the application of force to a surface may not be infinitely constant for such values of "v", but will have a limit when differentiating such values over a given time. Forcing the volume "V" of the fixed quantity of gas to increase, keeping the gas at the initially measured temperature, the pressure "p" must decrease proportionally.


Question: who will be directing high school musical 4

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Ashley Tisdale [SEP] Introduction

Ashley Michelle Tisdale (born July 2, 1985) is an American actress, singer, and producer. During her childhood, Tisdale was featured in over 100 advertisements and had minor roles in television and theatre. She achieved mainstream success as Maddie Fitzpatrick in the Disney Channel series "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" (2005–2008). This success was heightened when she starred as Sharpay Evans in the "High School Musical" film series (2006–2008). The success of the films led to Tisdale signing with Warner Bros. Records and subsequently releasing her debut studio album, "Headstrong" (2007), which was a commercial success, earning a gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).


Context: who will be directing high school musical 4

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who is ashley tisdale?

Answer: An American actress, singer, and producer

Explanation: Ashley Michelle Tisdale (born July 2, 1985) is an American actress, singer, and producer.

Ashley Tisdale [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is ashley tisdale?

Context: An American actress, singer, and producer

Question: when was she born?

Answer: July 2, 1985

Ashley Tisdale [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is ashley tisdale?

Context: when was she born?

Context: July 2, 1985

Question: what are some of her works?

Answer: "Be Good to Me",  "He Said She Said", "Headstrong"

Explanation: Records; she began working on her debut studio album in 2006. "Be Good to Me" (2006) was released as the album's lead single, with "He Said She Said" (2007) being released shortly afterwards as the second single. Tisdale's debut album, "Headstrong" (2007), was released in February; the album featured elements of dance-pop and hip-hop music. The album sold 64,000 copies in its first week of release in the United States, debuting at number five on the "Billboard" 200. The project was a commercial success, selling over 500,000 copies in the country. "He Said She Said" was later re-released as the album's second single to promote the album, and went on to earn a gold certification from the RIAA.

Ashley Tisdale [SEP] 2005–2009: Breakthrough with films and music career

Tisdale joined the main cast of the Disney Channel series "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" in 2005, and would continue to star in the show until 2008. The show proved to be a hit for the network, and earned Tisdale a Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards. Tisdale had her breakout role as Sharpay Evans in the Disney Channel film "High School Musical" (2006). The film was the network's most successful film of 2006, receiving 7.7 million viewers upon its premiere. The soundtrack for the film, featuring numerous contributions from Tisdale, went on to sell over three million copies in the United States alone.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is ashley tisdale?

Context: when was she born?

Context: July 2, 1985

Context: what are some of her works?

Context: "Be Good to Me",  "He Said She Said", "Headstrong"

Question: has she worked for any series?

Answer: Yes, "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"

2005–2009: Breakthrough with films and music career

Explanation: Tisdale joined the main cast of the Disney Channel series "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" in 2005


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is ashley tisdale?

Context: when was she born?

Context: July 2, 1985

Context: what are some of her works?

Context: has she worked for any series?

Context: Yes, "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"

Question: can you tell me about her aforesaid former composition ?

Answer: The song is a mid-tempo dance track that features an additional rap segment leading up to the bridge.

Be Good to Me [SEP] Composition and reception

The song debuted on AOL Music: First Listen on December 22, 2006. The song was featured on the album, "Radio Disney Jams, Vol. 10" (2008). The song describes relationship problems between the singer and a man; however, she wants to fix the relationship rather than end it. The song is a mid-tempo dance track that features an additional rap segment leading up to the bridge. It is featured in the film "", and in the video game "", both released in 2007. On the iTunes Store, the song was released as a double A-Side with "He Said She Said". The song was later released as a CD single.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is ashley tisdale?

Context: when was she born?

Context: July 2, 1985

Context: what are some of her works?

Context: has she worked for any series?

Context: Yes, "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"

Context: can you tell me about her aforesaid former composition ?

Context: The song is a mid-tempo dance track that features an additional rap segment leading up to the bridge.

Question: when was it released?

Answer: December 26, 2006

Be Good to Me [SEP] Introduction

"Be Good to Me" is a song recorded by American recording artist Ashley Tisdale from her debut album, "Headstrong" (2007). It was written by Kara DioGuardi, Joacim Persson and Niclas Molinder, and produced by Twin. The song was released in the US as the album's lead single on December 26, 2006 and in South America in January 2007. The album version features uncredited rap vocals by Swedish musician David Jassy.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is ashley tisdale?

Context: when was she born?

Context: July 2, 1985

Context: what are some of her works?

Context: has she worked for any series?

Context: Yes, "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"

Context: when was it released?

Context: December 26, 2006

Question: what was the critical reception it received?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Be Good to Me [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is ashley tisdale?

Context: when was she born?

Context: July 2, 1985

Context: what are some of her works?

Context: has she worked for any series?

Context: Yes, "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"

Context: when was it released?

Context: December 26, 2006

Context: what was the critical reception it received?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what all off-screen works was she a part of?

Answer: Tisdale did voice work for the adult animated series "Family Guy" and "The Cleveland Show"

Ashley Tisdale [SEP] 2010–2014: Television roles and behind-the-scenes work

Tisdale announced her return to television in 2010, starring as head-cheerleader Savannah Monroe in The CW drama "Hellcats". Tisdale was reported to be the highest paid cast member on the series, earning $30,000 per episode. The show ran for one season, and was cancelled by the network in 2011. Blondie Girl Productions signed a production deal in 2010 to create, develop, and produce both films and television shows. During this time, Tisdale did voice work for the adult animated series "Family Guy" and "The Cleveland Show"; she appeared in two episodes of the former. In 2010, Disney Channel announced its intention to produce a "High School Musical" spin-off focusing on the life of Sharpay Evans in New York after she concluded high school.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is ashley tisdale?

Context: when was she born?

Context: July 2, 1985

Context: what are some of her works?

Context: has she worked for any series?

Context: Yes, "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"

Context: when was it released?

Context: December 26, 2006

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what all off-screen works was she a part of?

Context: Tisdale did voice work for the adult animated series "Family Guy" and "The Cleveland Show"

Question: what can you tell me about her musical style?

Answer: Tisdale's music, which is predominantly considered pop, has included ballads, dance-pop, hip hop, and rock influences.

Ashley Tisdale [SEP] Musical style

Tisdale's music, which is predominantly considered pop, has included ballads, dance-pop, hip hop, and rock influences. Boys, heartbreak, and relationship breakups are common themes in Tisdale's songs. She defined her music career as a way to connect herself with the fans and to inspire them. She claimed that, while "Headstrong" (2007) allowed her to "learn [herself] as an artist", with her second album, "Guilty Pleasure" (2009), she knew exactly what she wanted to do as an artist. Tisdale has named many influences on her musical career, including Christina Aguilera, Michael Jackson, Lady Gaga, Pat Benatar, Pink, Katy Perry, Kelly Clarkson, Led Zeppelin, and AC/DC.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is ashley tisdale?

Context: when was she born?

Context: July 2, 1985

Context: what are some of her works?

Context: has she worked for any series?

Context: Yes, "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"

Context: when was it released?

Context: December 26, 2006

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what can you tell me about her musical style?

Context: Tisdale's music, which is predominantly considered pop, has included ballads, dance-pop, hip hop, and rock influences.

Question: is she a part of any charitable work/trust?

Answer: Yes, she collaborated with the Make a Wish Foundation in 2008 by visiting sick children in hospitals and helping to raise funds for the organization

Ashley Tisdale [SEP] Philanthropy

Tisdale has supported various charitable organizations and causes during her career. She collaborated with the Make a Wish Foundation in 2008 by visiting sick children in hospitals and helping to raise funds for the organization. Tisdale is also a supporter of Habitat for Humanity, a charity devoted to building homes for people in need. She was scheduled to perform on "Idol Gives Back 2008", along with her "High School Musical" co-star Vanessa Hudgens. However, they were unable to appear due to their "High School Musical 3: Senior Year" filming schedule; they recorded a video from the film's set to support the cause instead.


Question: where is the man with the golden gun set

Answer: It was set in the face of the 1973 energy crisis, a dominant theme in the script.

The Man with the Golden Gun (film) [SEP] Introduction

The script was written by Richard Maibaum and Tom Mankiewicz. The film was set in the face of the 1973 energy crisis, a dominant theme in the script. Britain had still not yet fully overcome the crisis when the film was released in December 1974. The film also reflects the then-popular martial arts film craze, with several kung fu scenes and a predominantly Asian location, being set and shot in Thailand, Hong Kong, and Macau. Part of the film is also set in Beirut, Lebanon, but it was not shot there. The film was met with mixed reviews, and some critics described it as the lowest point in the canon up to that time.


Context: where is the man with the golden gun set

Context: It was set in the face of the 1973 energy crisis, a dominant theme in the script.

Question: when was this film released?

Answer: December, 1974.

Explanation: Britain had still not yet fully overcome the crisis when the film was released in December 1974.


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Question: what is the genre of this film?

Answer: It was a spy thriller.

The Man with the Golden Gun is a 1974 spy film and the ninth in the "James Bond" series produced by Eon Productions, and the second to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. A loose adaptation of Ian Fleming's posthumously published 1965 novel of the same name, the film has Bond sent after the Solex Agitator, a device that can harness the power of the sun, while facing the assassin Francisco Scaramanga, the "Man with the Golden Gun". The action culminates in a duel between them that settles the fate of the Solex. "The Man with the Golden Gun" was the fourth and final film in the series directed by Guy Hamilton.


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: It was a spy thriller.

Question: who was the director?

Answer: Guy Hamilton

Explanation: "The Man with the Golden Gun" was the fourth and final film in the series directed by Guy Hamilton.


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: It was a spy thriller.

Context: who was the director?

Context: Guy Hamilton

Question: where is he from?

Answer: He was born in Paris.

Guy Hamilton [SEP] Early life

Hamilton was born in Paris on 16 September 1922, where his English parents were living, and attended school in England. His first exposure to the film industry came in 1938, when he was a clapperboard boy at the Victorine Studios in Nice. At the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, Hamilton escaped from France by the MV "Saltersgate", a collier bound for French North Africa; one of the other 500 refugees aboard was W. Somerset Maugham. Having travelled from Oran to Gibraltar before arriving in London, he worked in the film library at Paramount News before being commissioned in the Royal Navy; he served in the 15th Motor Torpedo Boat 718 Flotilla, a unit that ferried agents into France and brought downed British pilots back to England.


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: It was a spy thriller.

Context: who was the director?

Context: Guy Hamilton

Context: where is he from?

Context: He was born in Paris.

Question: has he directed any other films apart for the former one?

Answer: Yes, a B-movie "The Ringer".

Guy Hamilton [SEP] Early films as director

Reed suggested to Hamilton that if he wanted to direct he should refuse to re-sign with Korda unless he got the chance. It worked and Korda allocated Hamilton the job of directing the B-movie ""The Ringer" (1952). Hamilton's second film as director was "The Intruder" (1953) dealing with soldiers returning to civilian life, produced by Ivan Foxwell. He followed it with an adaptation of "An Inspector Calls" (1954). Hamilton's fourth film was the prisoner-of-war story "The Colditz Story" (1955), which he also co-wrote with producer Foxwell. It was his highest-grossing movie of the decade. He also tried a musical with Max Bygraves, "Charley Moon" (1956) and an adventure film which he co wrote with Foxwell, "Manuela" (1957).


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: It was a spy thriller.

Context: who was the director?

Context: Guy Hamilton

Context: where is he from?

Context: He was born in Paris.

Context: has he directed any other films apart for the former one?

Context: Yes, a B-movie "The Ringer".

Question: has he also being involved with any james bond movies?

Answer: Yes. "Diamonds Are Forever”, "Live and Let Die” and "The Man with the Golden Gun” are some of them.

Guy Hamilton [SEP] James Bond

Hamilton followed with his first James Bond film, "Goldfinger" (1964). He later reflected that he was able to successfully merge the series' mix of action adventure, sexual innuendo and black humour. In the late 1960s, Hamilton directed two further films for Bond producer Harry Saltzman: "Funeral in Berlin" (1966, starring Michael Caine), and the war epic "Battle of Britain" (1969). He returned to the Bond film franchise with the chase- and heavily gadget-dependent "Diamonds Are Forever" (1971), "Live and Let Die" (1973) and "The Man with the Golden Gun" (1974). He claimed in a much later interview that he had instructed Roger Moore not to mimic Sean Connery's rendition of James Bond and said the only Bond he regretted making was "Golden Gun".


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: It was a spy thriller.

Context: who was the director?

Context: Guy Hamilton

Context: where is he from?

Context: He was born in Paris.

Context: Yes, a B-movie "The Ringer".

Context: has he also being involved with any james bond movies?

Context: Yes. "Diamonds Are Forever”, "Live and Let Die” and "The Man with the Golden Gun” are some of them.

Question: who wrote the script for the golden gun film?

Answer: "Richard Maibaum" and "Tom Mankiewicz"

Explanation: The script was written by Richard Maibaum and Tom Mankiewicz.


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: It was a spy thriller.

Context: who was the director?

Context: Guy Hamilton

Context: where is he from?

Context: He was born in Paris.

Context: Yes, a B-movie "The Ringer".

Context: who wrote the script for the golden gun film?

Context: "Richard Maibaum" and "Tom Mankiewicz"

Question: who released with film?

Answer: Eon Productions


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: It was a spy thriller.

Context: who was the director?

Context: Guy Hamilton

Context: where is he from?

Context: He was born in Paris.

Context: Yes, a B-movie "The Ringer".

Context: "Richard Maibaum" and "Tom Mankiewicz"

Context: who released with film?

Context: Eon Productions

Question: when was this established?

Answer: 1961

Eon Productions [SEP] "Bond" films

Eon, a closely owned public and family corporation, was started by film producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman in 1961, at the same time they became partners and sought financing for "Dr. No". The year before they formed Danjaq, which for legal reasons became Eon's holding company, from which it licenses the rights to produce the "Bond" films. Broccoli had been interested in the "Bond" novel rights for several years but was dissuaded from pursuing the project by his former partner. When they dissolved their relationship he was free to pursue the property, for which Saltzman, a novice to film production, had taken a gamble to acquire.


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: It was a spy thriller.

Context: who was the director?

Context: Guy Hamilton

Context: where is he from?

Context: He was born in Paris.

Context: Yes, a B-movie "The Ringer".

Context: "Richard Maibaum" and "Tom Mankiewicz"

Context: who released with film?

Context: Eon Productions

Context: when was this established?

Question: does this production house also have a theatre?

Answer: They have made several theatre productions.

Explanation: Eon has made several theatre productions, including "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang", based on a book by Ian Fleming and "Othello" starring Daniel Craig.

Eon Productions [SEP] Theatre


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: It was a spy thriller.

Context: who was the director?

Context: Guy Hamilton

Context: where is he from?

Context: He was born in Paris.

Context: Yes, a B-movie "The Ringer".

Context: "Richard Maibaum" and "Tom Mankiewicz"

Context: who released with film?

Context: Eon Productions

Context: when was this established?

Context: does this production house also have a theatre?

Context: They have made several theatre productions.

Question: can you name some characters from the film?

Answer: "James Bond" "Francisco Scaramanga" are two of them.

Explanation: The Man with the Golden Gun is a 1974 spy film and the ninth in the "James Bond" series produced by Eon Productions, and the second to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. A loose adaptation of Ian Fleming's posthumously published 1965 novel of the same name, the film has Bond sent after the Solex Agitator, a device that can harness the power of the sun, while facing the assassin Francisco Scaramanga, the "Man with the Golden Gun".


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: It was a spy thriller.

Context: who was the director?

Context: Guy Hamilton

Context: where is he from?

Context: He was born in Paris.

Context: Yes, a B-movie "The Ringer".

Context: "Richard Maibaum" and "Tom Mankiewicz"

Context: who released with film?

Context: Eon Productions

Context: when was this established?

Context: can you name some characters from the film?

Context: "James Bond" "Francisco Scaramanga" are two of them.

Question: what kind of reviews did the movie receive?

Answer: It met with mixed reviews upon its release.

The Man with the Golden Gun (film) [SEP] Contemporary reviews

"The Man with the Golden Gun" met with mixed reviews upon its release. Derek Malcolm in "The Guardian" savaged the film, saying that "the script is the limpest of the lot and ... Roger Moore as 007 is the last man on earth to make it sound better than it is." There was some praise from Malcolm, although it was muted, saying that "Christopher Lee ... makes a goodish villain and Britt Ekland a passable Mary Goodnight ... Up to scratch in production values ... the film is otherwise merely a potboiler. Maybe enough's enough." Tom Milne, writing in "The Observer", was even more caustic, writing that "This series, which has been scraping the bottom of the barrel for some time, is now through the bottom ...


Context: when was this film released?

Context: December, 1974.

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: It was a spy thriller.

Context: who was the director?

Context: Guy Hamilton

Context: where is he from?

Context: He was born in Paris.

Context: Yes, a B-movie "The Ringer".

Context: "Richard Maibaum" and "Tom Mankiewicz"

Context: who released with film?

Context: Eon Productions

Context: when was this established?

Context: what kind of reviews did the movie receive?

Context: It met with mixed reviews upon its release.

Question: did it receive any awards?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Question: where does the movie the thing take place

Answer: Universal lot, outdoors to be shot in Stewart, British Columbia, Alaska.

Explanation:
"The Thing" was storyboarded extensively by Mike Ploog and Mentor Huebner before filming began. Their work was so detailed that many of the film's shots replicate the image layout completely. Cundey pushed for the use of anamorphic format aspect ratio, believing that it allowed for placing several actors in an environment, and making use of the scenic vistas available, while still creating a sense of confinement within the image. It also enabled the use of negative space around the actors to imply something may be lurking just offscreen.
Principal photography began on August 24, 1981, in Juneau, Alaska. Filming lasted approximately 12 weeks. Carpenter insisted on two weeks of rehearsals before filming as he wanted to see how scenes would play out. This was unusual at the time because of the expense involved. Filming then moved to the Universal lot, where the outside heat was over . The internal sets were climate-controlled to to facilitate their work. The team considered building the s

The Thing (1982 film) [SEP] Filming


Context: where does the movie the thing take place

Context: Universal lot, outdoors to be shot in Stewart, British Columbia, Alaska.

Question: when was the movie released?

Answer: In 1982.

Explanation: "The Thing" was released in 1982 to very negative reviews. It was described as "instant junk", "a wretched excess", and proposed as the most-hated film of all time by film magazine "Cinefantastique". Reviews both praised the special effects achievements and criticized their visual repulsiveness, while others found the characterization poorly realised. The film earned $19.6million during its theatrical run. Many reasons have been cited for its failure to impress audiences: competition from films such as "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial", which offered an optimistic take on alien visitation; a summer that had been filled with successful science fiction and fantasy films; and an audience living through a recession, diametrically opposed to "The Thing"s nihilistic tone.

The Thing (1982 film) [SEP] Introduction

Wilford Brimley, T. K. Carter, David Clennon, Keith David, Richard Dysart, Charles Hallahan, Peter Maloney, Richard Masur, Donald Moffat, Joel Polis, and Thomas G. Waites in supporting roles. Production began in the mid-1970s as a faithful adaptation of the novella, following 1951's "The Thing from Another World". "The Thing" went through several directors and writers, each with different ideas on how to approach the story. Filming lasted roughly 12 weeks, beginning in August 1981, and took place on refrigerated sets in Los Angeles as well as in Juneau, Alaska, and Stewart, British Columbia. Of the film's $15million budget, $1.5million was spent on Rob Bottin's creature effects, a mixture of chemicals, food products, rubber, and mechanical parts turned by his large team into an alien capable of taking on any form.


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Question: who was the director?

Answer: John Carpenter.

The Thing is a 1982 American science fiction horror film directed by John Carpenter and written by Bill Lancaster. Based on the 1938 John W. Campbell Jr. novella "Who Goes There?", it tells the story of a group of American researchers in Antarctica who encounter the eponymous "Thing", a parasitic extraterrestrial life-form that assimilates, then imitates other organisms. The group is overcome by paranoia and conflict as they learn that they can no longer trust each other and that any one of them could be the Thing. The film stars Kurt Russell as the team's helicopter pilot, R.J. MacReady, and features A.


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Context: who was the director?

Context: John Carpenter.

Question: was it based off a book?

Answer: Yes, Based on the 1938 John W. Campbell Jr. novella "Who Goes There?".

Explanation: Based on the 1938 John W. Campbell Jr. novella "Who Goes There?", it tells the story of a group of American researchers in Antarctica who encounter the eponymous "Thing", a parasitic extraterrestrial life-form that assimilates, then imitates other organisms.


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Context: who was the director?

Context: John Carpenter.

Context: was it based off a book?

Context: Yes, Based on the 1938 John W. Campbell Jr. novella "Who Goes There?".

Question: how much money did the movie make?

Answer: A total of $19.6million.

Explanation: "The Thing" was released in the United States on June 25, 1982. During its opening weekend, the film earned $3.1million from 840 theaters—an average of $3,699 per theater—finishing as the number eight film of the weekend behind supernatural horror "Poltergeist" ($4.1million), which was in its fourth weekend of release, and ahead of action film "Megaforce" ($2.3million). It dropped out of the top 10 grossing films after three weeks. It ended its run earning a total of $19.6million against its $15million budget, making it only the 42nd highest-grossing film of 1982. It was not a box office failure, nor was it a hit.

The Thing (1982 film) [SEP] Box office


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Context: who was the director?

Context: John Carpenter.

Context: was it based off a book?

Context: how much money did the movie make?

Context: A total of $19.6million.

Question: who composed the music?

Answer: Ennio Morricone.

The Thing (1982 film) [SEP] Music

Ennio Morricone composed the film's score, as Carpenter wanted "The Thing" to have a European musical approach. Carpenter flew to Rome to speak with Morricone to convince him to take the job. By the time Morricone flew to Los Angeles to record the score, he had already developed a tape filled with an array of synthesizer music because he was unsure what type of score Carpenter wanted. Morricone wrote complete separate orchestral and synthesizer scores and a combined score, which he knew was Carpenter's preference. Carpenter picked a piece, closely resembling his own scores, that became the main theme used throughout the film.


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Context: who was the director?

Context: John Carpenter.

Context: was it based off a book?

Context: how much money did the movie make?

Context: A total of $19.6million.

Context: who composed the music?

Context: Ennio Morricone.

Question: name a few of the characters

Answer: Commander Garry, R.J. MacReady, and Dr. Copper, Clark kennels, Blair and Childs to name a few.

Explanation:
In Antarctica, a Norwegian helicopter pursues a sled dog to an American research station. The Americans witness the Norwegian passenger accidentally blow up the helicopter and himself. The Norwegian pilot fires a rifle and shouts at the Americans, but they cannot understand him and he is shot dead in self-defense by station commander Garry. The American helicopter pilot, R.J. MacReady, and Dr. Copper leave to investigate the Norwegian base. Among the charred ruins and frozen corpses, they find the burned remains of a malformed humanoid which they recover to the American station. Their biologist, Blair, performs autopsies on the remains and finds a normal set of human organs.

Clark kennels the sled dog, and it soon metamorphoses and absorbs the station dogs. This disturbance alerts the team and Childs uses a flamethrower to incinerate the creature. Blair autopsies the new creature and learns that it can perfectly imitate other organisms. Recovered Norwegian data leads the Americans to

The Thing (1982 film) [SEP] Plot


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Context: who was the director?

Context: John Carpenter.

Context: was it based off a book?

Context: how much money did the movie make?

Context: A total of $19.6million.

Context: who composed the music?

Context: Ennio Morricone.

Context: name a few of the characters

Context: Commander Garry, R.J. MacReady, and Dr. Copper, Clark kennels, Blair and Childs to name a few.

Question: what impact did it have culturally?

Answer: It had a significant impact on popular culture as a cult classic.

Explanation: The film has had a significant impact on popular culture, and by 1998, "The Thing" was already considered a cult classic. It is listed in the film reference book "1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die", which says "one of the most influential horror movies of the 1980s, much imitated but rarely bettered... It is one of the first films to unflinchingly show the rupture and warp of flesh and bone into grotesque tableaus of surreal beauty, forever raising the bar of cinematic horror." It has been referred to in a variety of media, from television (including "The X-Files", "Futurama", and "Stranger Things") to games ("Resident Evil 4", "Tomb Raider III", and "Icewind Dale: Rime of the Frostmaiden") and films ("The Faculty" (1998), "Slither" (2006), "The Mist" (2007)).

The Thing (1982 film) [SEP] Cultural impact


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Context: who was the director?

Context: John Carpenter.

Context: was it based off a book?

Context: how much money did the movie make?

Context: A total of $19.6million.

Context: who composed the music?

Context: Ennio Morricone.

Context: name a few of the characters

Context: what impact did it have culturally?

Context: It had a significant impact on popular culture as a cult classic.

Question: who was the producer?

Answer: David Foster and Lawrence Turman.

Explanation: Development of the film began in the mid-1970s when producers David Foster and Lawrence Turman suggested to Universal Pictures an adaptation of the 1938 John W. Campbell novella "Who Goes There?". It had been loosely adapted once before in Howard Hawks's and Christian Nyby's 1951 film "The Thing from Another World", but Foster and Turman wanted to develop a project that stuck more closely to the source material. Screenwriters Hal Barwood and Matthew Robbins held the rights to make an adaptation, but passed on the opportunity to make a new film, so Universal obtained the rights from them. In 1976, Wilbur Stark had purchased the remake rights to 23 RKO Pictures films, including "The Thing from Another World", from three Wall Street financiers who did not know what to do with them, in exchange for a return when the films were produced. Universal in turn acquired the rights to remake the film from Stark, resulting in him being given an executive producer credit on all print advertisements,

The Thing (1982 film) [SEP] Development


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Context: who was the director?

Context: John Carpenter.

Context: was it based off a book?

Context: how much money did the movie make?

Context: A total of $19.6million.

Context: who composed the music?

Context: Ennio Morricone.

Context: name a few of the characters

Context: what impact did it have culturally?

Context: who was the producer?

Context: David Foster and Lawrence Turman.

Question: what did critics have to say about it?

Answer: It was said as "One of the greatest and most elegantly constructed B-movies ever made".

Explanation:
n the years following its release, critics and fans have reevaluated "The Thing" as a milestone of the horror genre. A prescient review by Peter Nicholls in 1992, called "The Thing" "a black, memorable film [that] may yet be seen as a classic". It has been called one of, if not the best film directed by Carpenter. John Kenneth Muir called it "Carpenter's most accomplished and underrated directorial effort," and critic Matt Zoller Seitz said it "is one of the greatest and most elegantly constructed B-movies ever made".

Trace Thurman described it as one of the best films ever, and in 2008, "Empire" magazine selected it as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time, at number 289, calling it "a peerless masterpiece of relentless suspense, retina-wrecking visual excess and outright, nihilistic terror". It is now considered to be one of the greatest horror films ever made, and a classic of the genre. Several publications have called it one of the best films of 1982, including Filmsite.org,

The Thing (1982 film) [SEP] Critical reassessment

In the years following its release, critics and fans have reevaluated "The Thing" as a milestone of the horror genre. A prescient review by Peter Nicholls in 1992, called "The Thing" "a black, memorable film [that] may yet be seen as a classic". It has been called one of, if not the best film directed by Carpenter. John Kenneth Muir called it "Carpenter's most accomplished and underrated directorial effort," and critic Matt Zoller Seitz said it "is one of the greatest and most elegantly constructed B-movies ever made". Trace Thurman described it as one of the best films ever, and in 2008, "Empire" magazine selected it as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time, at number 289, calling it "a peerless masterpiece of relentless suspense, retina-wrecking visual excess and outright, nihilistic terror".


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Context: who was the director?

Context: John Carpenter.

Context: was it based off a book?

Context: how much money did the movie make?

Context: A total of $19.6million.

Context: who composed the music?

Context: Ennio Morricone.

Context: name a few of the characters

Context: what impact did it have culturally?

Context: who was the producer?

Context: David Foster and Lawrence Turman.

Context: what did critics have to say about it?

Context: It was said as "One of the greatest and most elegantly constructed B-movies ever made".

Question: who was responsible for the effects for the creature?

Answer: Artist Dale Kuipers, Bottin and Carpenter.

The Thing (1982 film) [SEP] Creature effects

"The Thing"s special effects were largely designed by Bottin, who had previously worked with Carpenter on "The Fog" (1980). When Bottin joined the project in mid-1981, pre-production was in progress, but no design had been settled on for the alien. Artist Dale Kuipers had created some preliminary paintings of the creature's look, but he left the project after being hospitalized following a traffic accident before he could develop them further with Bottin. Carpenter conceived the Thing as a single creature, but Bottin suggested that it should be constantly changing and able to look like anything. Carpenter initially considered Bottin's description of his ideas as "too weird," and had him work with Ploog to sketch them instead.


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Context: who was the director?

Context: John Carpenter.

Context: was it based off a book?

Context: how much money did the movie make?

Context: A total of $19.6million.

Context: who composed the music?

Context: Ennio Morricone.

Context: name a few of the characters

Context: what impact did it have culturally?

Context: who was the producer?

Context: David Foster and Lawrence Turman.

Context: what did critics have to say about it?

Context: who was responsible for the effects for the creature?

Context: Artist Dale Kuipers, Bottin and Carpenter.

Question: who were the critics?

Answer: Peter Nicholls, John Kenneth Muir and Matt Zoller Seitz.

Explanation:
In the years following its release, critics and fans have reevaluated "The Thing" as a milestone of the horror genre. A prescient review by Peter Nicholls in 1992, called "The Thing" "a black, memorable film [that] may yet be seen as a classic". It has been called one of, if not the best film directed by Carpenter. John Kenneth Muir called it "Carpenter's most accomplished and underrated directorial effort," and critic Matt Zoller Seitz said it "is one of the greatest and most elegantly constructed B-movies ever made".

Trace Thurman described it as one of the best films ever, and in 2008, "Empire" magazine selected it as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time, at number 289, calling it "a peerless masterpiece of relentless suspense, retina-wrecking visual excess and outright, nihilistic terror". It is now considered to be one of the greatest horror films ever made, and a classic of the genre.


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Context: who was the director?

Context: John Carpenter.

Context: was it based off a book?

Context: how much money did the movie make?

Context: A total of $19.6million.

Context: who composed the music?

Context: Ennio Morricone.

Context: name a few of the characters

Context: what impact did it have culturally?

Context: who was the producer?

Context: David Foster and Lawrence Turman.

Context: what did critics have to say about it?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: Peter Nicholls, John Kenneth Muir and Matt Zoller Seitz.

Question: what is the genre of this movie?

Answer: Science fiction horror film.

Explanation: The Thing is a 1982 American science fiction horror film directed by John Carpenter and written by Bill Lancaster. Based on the 1938 John W. Campbell Jr. novella "Who Goes There?", it tells the story of a group of American researchers in Antarctica who encounter the eponymous "Thing", a parasitic extraterrestrial life-form that assimilates, then imitates other organisms. The group is overcome by paranoia and conflict as they learn that they can no longer trust each other and that any one of them could be the Thing. The film stars Kurt Russell as the team's helicopter pilot, R.J. MacReady, and features A. Wilford Brimley, T. K. Carter, David Clennon, Keith David, Richard Dysart, Charles Hallahan, Peter Maloney, Richard Masur, Donald Moffat, Joel Polis, and Thomas G. Waites in supporting roles.


Context: when was the movie released?

Context: In 1982.

Context: who was the director?

Context: John Carpenter.

Context: was it based off a book?

Context: how much money did the movie make?

Context: A total of $19.6million.

Context: who composed the music?

Context: Ennio Morricone.

Context: name a few of the characters

Context: what impact did it have culturally?

Context: who was the producer?

Context: David Foster and Lawrence Turman.

Context: what did critics have to say about it?

Context: who were the critics?

Context: what is the genre of this movie?

Context: Science fiction horror film.

Question: was any merchandise made?

Answer: Yes, "Movie Maniacs" figures the Blair-Thing and the Norris-Thing, including its spider-legged, disembodied head were made by McFarlane Toys, SOTA Toys.

Explanation: In 2000, McFarlane Toys released two "Movie Maniacs" figures: the Blair-Thing and the Norris-Thing, including its spider-legged, disembodied head. SOTA Toys released a set featuring a MacReady figure and the Dog-Thing based on the film's kennel scene, and a bust of the Norris-Thing's spider-head. In 2017, Mondo and the Project Raygun division of USAopoly released "The Thing: Infection at Outpost 31", a board game. Players take on the role of characters from the film or the Thing, each aiming to defeat the other through subterfuge and sabotage.

The Thing (1982 film) [SEP] Merchandise

A novelization of the film was published by Alan Dean Foster in 1982. It is based on an earlier draft of the script and features some differences from the finished film. A scene in which MacReady, Bennings, and Childs chase infected dogs out into the snow is included, and Nauls's disappearance is explained: Cornered by the Blair-Thing, he chooses suicide over assimilation. In 2000, McFarlane Toys released two "Movie Maniacs" figures: the Blair-Thing and the Norris-Thing, including its spider-legged, disembodied head. SOTA Toys released a set featuring a MacReady figure and the Dog-Thing based on the film's kennel scene, and a bust of the Norris-Thing's spider-head.