Context: what is its effect on environment?

Context: what is a wind rose?

Context: where do you find trades?

Context: what is an equator?

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: how is it associated with climate?

Context: Near the equator, the variation in strength of solar radiation is different relative to the time of year than it is at higher latitudes: Maximum solar radiation is received during the equinoxes, when a place at the equator is under the subsolar point at high noon, and the intermediate seasons of spring and autumn occur at higher latitudes, and the minimum occurs during "both" solstices, when either pole is tilted towards or away from the sun, resulting in either summer or winter in both hemispheres.

Question: can you name any equatorial countries ?

Answer: The equator passes through the land of 11 countries. Indonesia is the country straddling the greatest length of the equatorial line across both land and sea.

Equator [SEP] Equatorial countries and territories

The equator passes through the land of 11 countries. Indonesia is the country straddling the greatest length of the equatorial line across both land and sea. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the equator passes through: Despite its name, no part of Equatorial Guinea lies on the equator. However, its island of Annobón is south of the equator, and the rest of the country lies to the north.


Context: explain the relationship between wind patterns in the southern pacific

Context: The westerlies together with the trade winds, lead to the development of strong ocean currents in both hemispheres.

Context: what is its effect on environment?

Context: Insects are swept along by the prevailing winds, while birds follow their own course. Wind erosion of agricultural land is also a significant problem.

Context: what is a wind rose?

Context: It is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location.

Context: where do you find trades?

Context: They are found in the tropics near the Earth's equator, equatorward of the subtropical ridge.

Context: what is an equator?

Context: It is a specific case of a planetary equator. It is about long, of which 78.8% lies across water and 21.3% over land.

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: The name is derived from medieval Latin word "aequator", in the phrase "circulus aequator diei et noctis," meaning 'circle equalizing day and night'.

Context: how is it associated with climate?

Context: can you name any equatorial countries ?

Context: The equator passes through the land of 11 countries. Indonesia is the country straddling the greatest length of the equatorial line across both land and sea.

Question: which is the aforesaid country's capital?

Answer: Jakarta

Indonesia [SEP] Introduction

It has 34 provinces, of which five have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the second-most populous urban area in the world. The country shares with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia. Other neighbouring countries include Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity. The Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the 7th century when Srivijaya and later Majapahit traded with entities from mainland China and the Indian subcontinent.


Context: what is its effect on environment?

Context: what is a wind rose?

Context: where do you find trades?

Context: what is an equator?

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: how is it associated with climate?

Context: can you name any equatorial countries ?

Context: which is the aforesaid country's capital?

Context: Jakarta

Question: what are the main tourist attractions there?

Answer: he popular heritage tourism attractions are in Kota and around Merdeka square. Kota is the centre of old Jakarta, with its Maritime Museum, Kota Intan Bridge, Gereja Sion, Wayang Museum, Stadhuis Batavia, Fine Art and Ceramic Museum, Toko Merah, Bank Indonesia Museum, Bank Mandiri Museum, Jakarta Kota railway station, and Glodok (Chinatown).

Jakarta [SEP] Tourism

17.83 trillion (US$1.45 billion), a 17.9% increase from the previous year 2011. The popular heritage tourism attractions are in Kota and around Merdeka square. Kota is the centre of old Jakarta, with its Maritime Museum, Kota Intan Bridge, Gereja Sion, Wayang Museum, Stadhuis Batavia, Fine Art and Ceramic Museum, Toko Merah, Bank Indonesia Museum, Bank Mandiri Museum, Jakarta Kota railway station, and Glodok (Chinatown). Kota Tua was named the most-visited destination in Indonesia in 2017 by Instagram. In the old ports of Sunda Kelapa, the tall-masted pinisi ships are still anchored.


Question: when does callie appear in grey's anatomy

Answer: In season 2

Explanation: Calliope Iphegenia Torres, M.D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series "Grey's Anatomy", which airs on the ABC in the United States. The character was created by series' producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by Sara Ramirez. She was introduced in season 2, as a senior orthopedic resident, as a love-interest for intern George O'Malley (T. R. Knight). Eventually becoming an attending orthopedic surgeon, the character was originally contracted to appear on a recurring basis, but received star-billing in season 3.

Callie Torres [SEP] Introduction

Further storylines include relationships between her and plastic surgeon, Mark Sloan (Eric Dane), cardiothoracic surgeon Erica Hahn (Brooke Smith), as well as a marriage to pediatric surgeon Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw). The character's bisexual storyline with Hahn and Robbins, and her development later in the series has garnered high critical acclaim. She is also the longest-running LGBT character in television history, appearing in 11 seasons and 239 episodes. Ramirez's portrayal of Torres has been widely praised by television critics and the character gained significant popularity as the series progressed. Ramirez was nominated for several awards for her portrayal of Torres, including the Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, and the ALMA Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Television Series.


Context: when does callie appear in grey's anatomy

Context: In season 2

Question: what is the role of this character ?

Answer: She plays the role of a senior orthopedic resident

Callie Torres [SEP] Introduction

Calliope Iphegenia Torres, M.D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series "Grey's Anatomy", which airs on the ABC in the United States. The character was created by series' producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by Sara Ramirez. She was introduced in season 2, as a senior orthopedic resident, as a love-interest for intern George O'Malley (T. R. Knight). Eventually becoming an attending orthopedic surgeon, the character was originally contracted to appear on a recurring basis, but received star-billing in season 3. Torres was initially conceived as a love-interest, and eventual wife, for O'Malley, and was created to be disliked by her colleagues.


Context: In season 2

Context: what is the role of this character ?

Context: She plays the role of a senior orthopedic resident

Question: by whom is this role played?

Answer: Sara Ramirez

Callie Torres [SEP] Introduction


Context: In season 2

Context: what is the role of this character ?

Context: by whom is this role played?

Context: Sara Ramirez

Question: is she a philanthropist as well?

Answer: Yes, she is an activist and extensively campaigns for LGBT rights. They are a member of the True Colors United board of directors and The Task Force, and the San Diego, New York, and San Francisco LGBT Centers. They spoke in support of homeless LGBTQ youth at a True Colors Fund conference

Explanation: Ramirez is an activist and extensively campaigns for LGBT rights. They are a member of the True Colors United board of directors and The Task Force, and the San Diego, New York, and San Francisco LGBT Centers. They spoke in support of homeless LGBTQ youth at a True Colors Fund conference. In addition, Ramirez supports other groups including BiNetUSA, Bisexual Organizing Project, American Institute of Bisexuality, NDLON, and Mujerez De Maiz. In 2015, they were awarded the Ally for Equality Award by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation.

Sara Ramirez [SEP] Philanthropy


Context: In season 2

Context: what is the role of this character ?

Context: by whom is this role played?

Context: Sara Ramirez

Context: is she a philanthropist as well?

Context: Yes, she is an activist and extensively campaigns for LGBT rights. They are a member of the True Colors United board of directors and The Task Force, and the San Diego, New York, and San Francisco LGBT Centers. They spoke in support of homeless LGBTQ youth at a True Colors Fund conference

Question: is she involved in any other career as well?

Answer: She is an actor, singer, and songwriter, and activist

Sara Ramirez [SEP] Introduction

Sara Elena Ramírez (; born August 31, 1975) is an award-winning Mexican American actor, singer, and songwriter, and activist. Born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, she moved to the United States at eight years old, eventually graduating with a fine arts degree from the Juilliard School. She began acting in Broadway productions, making her debut in Paul Simon's "The Capeman", and later ventured into film and television roles. Ramirez's breakthrough came with her portrayal of the original Lady of the Lake in the 2005 Broadway musical "Spamalot", winning the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. She built on this success with her role as Dr.


Context: In season 2

Context: what is the role of this character ?

Context: by whom is this role played?

Context: Sara Ramirez

Context: is she a philanthropist as well?

Context: is she involved in any other career as well?

Context: She is an actor, singer, and songwriter, and activist

Question: can you mention a few of her projects?

Answer: She acted in the Capeman and You've Got Mail,

Explanation: While still at Juilliard, Ramirez was discovered by a casting director and was offered the role of Wahzinak in Paul Simon's 1998 Broadway musical "The Capeman". Based on the life of the Puerto Rican gangster Salvador Agron, the production garnered negative reviews, but Ramirez was singled out for her "outstanding" performance. She made her screen debut in the same year, with a minor yet "memorable" role in the romantic comedy "You've Got Mail". Starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, the film had Ramirez play Rose, a Zabars cashier who was ""very serious" about her line's cash-only policy." Ramirez voiced the titular character of Lammy in the video game "UmJammer Lammy", a spin-off of "PaRappa the Rapper", on Sony's PlayStation console. She later reprised her role in the latter's sequel for PlayStation 2, but had a smaller role.

Sara Ramirez [SEP] Broadway breakthrough and other roles (1998–2005)


Context: In season 2

Context: what is the role of this character ?

Context: by whom is this role played?

Context: Sara Ramirez

Context: is she a philanthropist as well?

Context: can you mention a few of her projects?

Context: She acted in the Capeman and You've Got Mail,

Question: what is the first one?

Answer: It is a Broadway musical based on the life of the Puerto Rican gangster Salvador Agron

Broadway breakthrough and other roles (1998–2005)

Explanation: While still at Juilliard, Ramirez was discovered by a casting director and was offered the role of Wahzinak in Paul Simon's 1998 Broadway musical "The Capeman"


Context: In season 2

Context: what is the role of this character ?

Context: by whom is this role played?

Context: Sara Ramirez

Context: is she a philanthropist as well?

Context: can you mention a few of her projects?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: It is a Broadway musical based on the life of the Puerto Rican gangster Salvador Agron

Question: was it recorded?

Answer: In 1997 (before the show's premiere), Simon released a studio album called "Songs from The Capeman", featuring 13 songs from the show performed by Simon with appearances from some of the original cast.

The Capeman [SEP] Recordings

In 1997 (before the show's premiere), Simon released a studio album called "Songs from The Capeman", featuring 13 songs from the show performed by Simon with appearances from some of the original cast. Compared to Simon's other studio recordings, the album was not a success, peaking at position 42 of the Billboard 200 chart, the lowest of his career. Soon after, Puerto Rican singer Danny Rivera included a Spanish-language version of "Born in Puerto Rico" as part of his live recording, "En Vivo desde Carnegie Hall". In the recording, Rivera can be heard acknowledging Simon's presence in the audience, and thanking him for the song on behalf of all Puerto Ricans.


Context: In season 2

Context: what is the role of this character ?

Context: by whom is this role played?

Context: Sara Ramirez

Context: is she a philanthropist as well?

Context: can you mention a few of her projects?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: was it recorded?

Context: In 1997 (before the show's premiere), Simon released a studio album called "Songs from The Capeman", featuring 13 songs from the show performed by Simon with appearances from some of the original cast.

Question: by whom was it produced?

Answer: Paul Simon

The Capeman [SEP] Production

Paul Simon began working on "The Capeman" in 1988. The early development was aided by Simon's friend Carlos Ortiz, who helped Simon locate and translate source material. Simon and Ortiz met with people who had known Agron in prison, and visited Esmeralda Agron in Puerto Rico. In the first minutes of their meeting, Agron described a dream of her son entering heaven, which would become the song "Esmeralda's Dream." Ortiz also introduced Simon to several Latin musicians, and before long Simon had written "Born in Puerto Rico," one of the show's centerpiece songs. Simon enlisted the help of Derek Walcott, a Nobel Prize-winning author and poet from the West Indies.


Context: In season 2

Context: what is the role of this character ?

Context: by whom is this role played?

Context: Sara Ramirez

Context: is she a philanthropist as well?

Context: can you mention a few of her projects?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: was it recorded?

Context: by whom was it produced?

Context: Paul Simon

Question: who are a few other actors from the series in which callie appears?

Answer: Ellen Pompeo, Sandra Oh, Katherine Heigl, Justin Chambers, T. R. Knight, Chandra Wilson, James Pickens Jr., Isaiah Washington and Patrick Dempsey

Explanation: e series revolves around the title character, Dr. Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo. Grey is first featured as an intern and later becomes the chief of general surgery, all the while exploring the ups-and-downs of a surgeon's life. The original cast consisted of 9 star-billed actors: Ellen Pompeo, Sandra Oh, Katherine Heigl, Justin Chambers, T. R. Knight, Chandra Wilson, James Pickens Jr., Isaiah Washington and Patrick Dempsey. The cast has undergone major changes throughout the series' run. At the start of the sixteenth season, the show had a large ensemble of 14 actors—including 4 characters from the original cast (Meredith Grey, Alex Karev, Miranda Bailey and Richard Webber). Justin Chambers, who played Dr. Alex Karev, left the show during this season.

Grey's Anatomy [SEP] Introduction

Justin Chambers, who played Dr. Alex Karev, left the show during this season. "Grey's Anatomy" is the longest-running scripted primetime show currently airing on ABC, and the longest scripted primetime series carried by ABC. As of February 28, 2019, it was the longest running American primetime medical drama series. The series was most recently renewed for its seventeenth season. Its success catapulted longtime series regulars including Pompeo, Dempsey and Oh to worldwide recognition; they were among the top 5 highest-earning television actors in 2013. While the show's ratings have fallen over the course of its run (it was once among the overall top 10 shows in the United States), it is still one of the highest-rated shows among the 18–49 demographic, and the #3 drama on all of broadcast television in the United States.


Context: In season 2

Context: what is the role of this character ?

Context: by whom is this role played?

Context: Sara Ramirez

Context: is she a philanthropist as well?

Context: can you mention a few of her projects?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: was it recorded?

Context: by whom was it produced?

Context: Paul Simon

Context: who are a few other actors from the series in which callie appears?

Context: Ellen Pompeo, Sandra Oh, Katherine Heigl, Justin Chambers, T. R. Knight, Chandra Wilson, James Pickens Jr., Isaiah Washington and Patrick Dempsey

Question: what is the show about?

Answer: The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attendings as they develop into seasoned doctors while balancing personal and professional relationships.

Grey's Anatomy [SEP] Introduction

Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement. The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attendings as they develop into seasoned doctors while balancing personal and professional relationships. The title is an allusion to "Gray's Anatomy", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray. Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series. She is also one of the executive producers alongside Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg and recently Ellen Pompeo.


Question: which region was part of the eastern roman empire

Answer: The extent fluctuated, but at its peak, it stretched from Byzantium up to Syria and Italy and North Africa,

Explanation: The borders of the empire fluctuated through cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (), the empire reached its greatest extent, after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including North Africa, Italy and Rome, which it held for two more centuries. The Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 exhausted the empire's resources, and during the Early Muslim conquests of the 7th century, lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the Rashidun Caliphate. During the Macedonian dynasty (10th–11th centuries), the empire expanded again and experienced the two-century long Macedonian Renaissance, which came to an end with the loss of much of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. This battle opened the way for the Turks to settle in Anatolia.

Byzantine Empire [SEP] Introduction

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern Istanbul, formerly Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. "Byzantine Empire" is a term created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire simply as the Roman Empire (, tr.


Context: which region was part of the eastern roman empire

Context: The extent fluctuated, but at its peak, it stretched from Byzantium up to Syria and Italy and North Africa,

Question: how would you define this type of empire?

Answer: Romano-Hellenistic

Byzantine Empire [SEP] Nomenclature

While the Byzantine Empire had a multi-ethnic character during most of its history and preserved Romano-Hellenistic traditions, it became identified by its western and northern contemporaries with its increasingly predominant Greek element. Western medieval sources also referred to the empire as the "Empire of the Greeks" (Latin: "Imperium Graecorum") and to its emperor as "Imperator Graecorum" (Emperor of the Greeks); these terms were used to distinguish it from the Holy Roman Empire that claimed the prestige of the classical Roman Empire in the West.


Context: how would you define this type of empire?

Context: Romano-Hellenistic

Question: who are some of the rulers during this period?

Answer: Justinian I, Constantine, Julian, Theodosius I to name a few

Explanation:
Under Constantine, Christianity did not become the exclusive religion of the state but enjoyed imperial preference since he supported it with generous privileges. Constantine established the principle that emperors could not settle questions of doctrine on their own but should summon instead general ecclesiastical councils for that purpose. His convening of both the Synod of Arles and the First Council of Nicaea indicated his interest in the unity of the Church, and showcased his claim to be its head. The rise of Christianity was briefly interrupted on the accession of the emperor Julian in 361, who made a determined effort to restore polytheism throughout the empire and was thus dubbed "Julian the Apostate" by the Church. However, this was reversed when Julian was killed in battle in 363.

Theodosius I (379–395) was the last Emperor to rule both the Eastern and Western halves of the Empire.

Byzantine Empire [SEP] Christianization and partition of the Empire

In 330, Constantine moved the seat of the Empire to Constantinople, which he founded as a second Rome on the site of Byzantium, a city strategically located on the trade routes between Europe and Asia and between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Constantine introduced important changes to the Empire's military, monetary, civil and religious institutions. In regards to his economic policies he has been accused by certain scholars of "reckless fiscality", but the gold solidus he introduced became a stable currency that transformed the economy and promoted development. Under Constantine, Christianity did not become the exclusive religion of the state but enjoyed imperial preference since he supported it with generous privileges.


Context: Romano-Hellenistic

Context: who are some of the rulers during this period?

Context: Justinian I, Constantine, Julian, Theodosius I to name a few

Question: what languages were spoken in the eastern region during this period?

Answer: Primarily Greek, but Latin was introduced later

Byzantine Empire [SEP] Language

Apart from the Imperial court, administration and military, the primary language used in the eastern Roman provinces even before the decline of the Western Empire was Greek, having been spoken in the region for centuries before Latin. Following Rome's conquest of the east its 'Pax Romana', inclusionist political practices and development of public infrastructure, facilitated the further spreading and entrenchment of Greek language in the east. Indeed, early on in the life of the Roman Empire, Greek had become the common language of the Church, the language of scholarship and the arts, and to a large degree the "lingua franca" for trade between provinces and with other nations.


Context: Romano-Hellenistic

Context: what languages were spoken in the eastern region during this period?

Context: Primarily Greek, but Latin was introduced later

Question: what was this period's contribution in the fields of science and medicine?

Answer: In the field of engineering Isidore of Miletus, the Greek mathematician and architect of the Hagia Sophia, produced the first compilation of Archimedes' works; Pendentive architecture, a specific spherical form in the upper corners to support a dome, is a Byzantine invention; A mechanical sundial device using the Antikythera mechanism was reactivated

Explanation:
In the field of engineering Isidore of Miletus, the Greek mathematician and architect of the Hagia Sophia, produced the first compilation of Archimedes' works c. 530, and it is through this manuscript tradition, kept alive by the school of mathematics and engineering founded c. 850 during the "Byzantine Renaissance" by Leo the Mathematician, that such works are known today (see Archimedes Palimpsest).

Pendentive architecture, a specific spherical form in the upper corners to support a dome, is a Byzantine invention. Although the first experimentation was made in the 200s, it was in the 6th century in the Byzantine Empire that its potential was fully achieved.

A mechanical sundial device consisting of complex gears made by the Byzantines has been excavated which indicates that the Antikythera mechanism, a sort of analogue device used in astronomy and invented around the late second century BC, continued to be (re)active in the Byzantine period.

Byzantine Empire [SEP] Science, medicine and law

The writings of Classical antiquity were cultivated and extended in Byzantium. Therefore, Byzantine science was in every period closely connected with ancient philosophy, and metaphysics. In the field of engineering Isidore of Miletus, the Greek mathematician and architect of the Hagia Sophia, produced the first compilation of Archimedes' works c. 530, and it is through this manuscript tradition, kept alive by the school of mathematics and engineering founded c. 850 during the "Byzantine Renaissance" by Leo the Mathematician, that such works are known today (see Archimedes Palimpsest). Pendentive architecture, a specific spherical form in the upper corners to support a dome, is a Byzantine invention.


Context: Romano-Hellenistic

Context: what was this period's contribution in the fields of science and medicine?

Context: In the field of engineering Isidore of Miletus, the Greek mathematician and architect of the Hagia Sophia, produced the first compilation of Archimedes' works; Pendentive architecture, a specific spherical form in the upper corners to support a dome, is a Byzantine invention; A mechanical sundial device using the Antikythera mechanism was reactivated

Question: what were the musical instruments used during this period?

Answer: Lyra, organ, aulos, oud etc.

Explanation: The 9th century Persian geographer Ibn Khordadbeh (d. 911); in his lexicographical discussion of instruments cited the lyra (lūrā) as the typical instrument of the Byzantines along with the "urghun" (organ), "shilyani" (probably a type of harp or lyre) and the "salandj" (probably a bagpipe). The first of these, the early bowed stringed instrument known as the Byzantine lyra, would come to be called the "lira da braccio", in Venice, where it is considered by many to have been the predecessor of the contemporary violin, which later flourished there. The bowed "lyra" is still played in former Byzantine regions, where it is known as the Politiki lyra (, i.e. Constantinople) in Greece, the Calabrian lira in Southern Italy, and the Lijerica in Dalmatia. The second instrument, the organ, originated in the Hellenistic world (see Hydraulis) and was used in the Hippodrome during races. A pipe organ with "great leaden pipes" was sent by the emperor Constantine V to Pepin the Short, King of the Fr

Byzantine Empire [SEP] Music

The ecclesiastical forms of Byzantine music, composed to Greek texts as ceremonial, festival, or church music, are, today, the most well-known forms. Ecclesiastical chants were a fundamental part of this genre. Greek and foreign historians agree that the ecclesiastical tones and in general the whole system of Byzantine music is closely related to the ancient Greek system. It remains the oldest genre of extant music, of which the manner of performance and (with increasing accuracy from the 5th century onwards) the names of the composers, and sometimes the particulars of each musical work's circumstances, are known. The 9th century Persian geographer Ibn Khordadbeh (d.


Context: Romano-Hellenistic

Context: what were the musical instruments used during this period?

Context: Lyra, organ, aulos, oud etc.

Question: you had mentioned some rulers who controlled that empire, when years did the first ruler exercised power over the empire?

Answer: From 527 to 565 CE

Justinian I [SEP] Introduction

Justinian I (; ; ; 11 May 48214 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great (), was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565. His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized "renovatio imperii", or "restoration of the Empire". Because of his restoration activities, Justinian has sometimes been known as the "Last Roman" in mid-20th century historiography. This ambition was expressed by the partial recovery of the territories of the defunct Western Roman Empire. His general, Belisarius, swiftly conquered the Vandal Kingdom in North Africa. Subsequently, Belisarius, Narses, and other generals conquered the Ostrogothic kingdom, restoring Dalmatia, Sicily, Italy, and Rome to the empire after more than half a century of rule by the Ostrogoths.


Context: Romano-Hellenistic

Context: Lyra, organ, aulos, oud etc.

Context: you had mentioned some rulers who controlled that empire, when years did the first ruler exercised power over the empire?

Context: From 527 to 565 CE

Question: what were some of his contributions during his ruling?

Answer: Territorial expansion to include areas from the Western Roman Empire, conquering the Ostrogothic kingdom and the Iberian peninsula, engaging with the Sassanian Empire, uniform rewriting of Roman law, the "Corpus Juris Civilis", and construction projects such as the Hagia Sophia

Explanation: His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized "renovatio imperii", or "restoration of the Empire". Because of his restoration activities, Justinian has sometimes been known as the "Last Roman" in mid-20th century historiography. This ambition was expressed by the partial recovery of the territories of the defunct Western Roman Empire. His general, Belisarius, swiftly conquered the Vandal Kingdom in North Africa. Subsequently, Belisarius, Narses, and other generals conquered the Ostrogothic kingdom, restoring Dalmatia, Sicily, Italy, and Rome to the empire after more than half a century of rule by the Ostrogoths. The prefect Liberius reclaimed the south of the Iberian peninsula, establishing the province of Spania. These campaigns re-established Roman control over the western Mediterranean, increasing the Empire's annual revenue by over a million solidi. During his reign, Justinian also subdued the "Tzani", a people on the east coast of the Black Sea that had never been

Justinian I [SEP] Introduction


Context: Romano-Hellenistic

Context: Lyra, organ, aulos, oud etc.

Context: From 527 to 565 CE

Context: what were some of his contributions during his ruling?

Context: Territorial expansion to include areas from the Western Roman Empire, conquering the Ostrogothic kingdom and the Iberian peninsula, engaging with the Sassanian Empire, uniform rewriting of Roman law, the "Corpus Juris Civilis", and construction projects such as the Hagia Sophia

Question: did he participate in battles?

Answer: Yes, against the Sassanid Empire, and later against Italy were the major ones

Explanation: From his uncle, Justinian inherited ongoing hostilities with the Sassanid Empire. In 530 the Persian forces suffered a double defeat at Dara and Satala, but the next year saw the defeat of Roman forces under Belisarius near Callinicum. Justinian then tried to make alliance with the Axumites of Ethiopia and the Himyarites of Yemen against the Persians, but this failed. When king Kavadh I of Persia died (September 531), Justinian concluded an "Eternal Peace" (which cost him 11,000 pounds of gold) with his successor Khosrau I (532). Having thus secured his eastern frontier, Justinian turned his attention to the West, where Germanic kingdoms had been established in the territories of the former Western Roman Empire.

Justinian I [SEP] War with the Sassanid Empire, 527–532


Context: Romano-Hellenistic

Context: Lyra, organ, aulos, oud etc.

Context: From 527 to 565 CE

Context: did he participate in battles?

Context: Yes, against the Sassanid Empire, and later against Italy were the major ones

Question: the empire mentioned above was part of which region?

Answer: Persia

Sasanian Empire [SEP] Introduction

The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire (), officially known as the Empire of Iranians (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 "Ērānshahr"), and called the Neo-Persian Empire by historians, was the last Persian imperial dynasty before the arrival of Islam in the mid seventh century AD. Named after the House of Sasan, it endured for over four centuries, from 224 to 651 AD, making it the longest-lived Persian dynasty. The Sasanian Empire succeeded the Parthian Empire, and reestablished the Iranians as a superpower in late antiquity, alongside its neighbouring arch-rival, the Roman-Byzantine Empire.The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, a local Iranian ruler who rose to power as Parthia weakened from internal strife and wars with Rome.


Question: why does the ohio state flag have 17 stars

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Flag of Ohio [SEP] Introduction

The Ohio Burgee is the official flag of the U.S. state of Ohio. It is a triangular swallowtail flag, the only non-rectangular U.S. state flag. Its red, white, and blue elements symbolize the state's natural features and order of admission into the Union. A prominent disc in the flag's triangular canton is suggestive of the state's name. The flag was designed in 1901 by John Eisenmann for the Pan-American Exposition and adopted in 1902. Before that, for nearly a century after statehood, Ohio did not have a legally authorized state flag. One unsuccessful proposal called for a design based on the state seal.


Context: why does the ohio state flag have 17 stars

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is flag of ohio?

Answer: The Ohio Burgee is the official flag of the U.S. state of Ohio.

Explanation: The Ohio Burgee is the official flag of the U.S. state of Ohio.

Flag of Ohio [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is flag of ohio?

Context: The Ohio Burgee is the official flag of the U.S. state of Ohio.

Question: where is the geographical location of this state?

Answer: It is a state in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States.

Ohio [SEP] Introduction

Ohio is a state in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States. Of the fifty states, it is the 34th largest by area, the seventh most populous, and the tenth most densely populated. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus with the Columbus metro area, Greater Cincinnati, and Greater Cleveland being the largest metropolitan areas. Ohio is bordered by Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the west, and Michigan to the northwest. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, whose name in turn originated from the Seneca word " ohiːyo", meaning "good river", "great river" or "large creek".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is flag of ohio?

Context: where is the geographical location of this state?

Context: It is a state in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States.

Question: what are some main cities located here?

Answer: Columbus, Akron, Canton, Cleveland, Mansfield, and Youngstown, and others.

Explanation: Columbus is the capital of Ohio, located near the geographic center of the state and well known for The Ohio State University. However, other Ohio cities function as economic and cultural centers of metropolitan areas. Akron, Canton, Cleveland, Mansfield, and Youngstown are in the Northeast, known for major industrial companies Goodyear Tire and Rubber and Timken, top ranked colleges Case Western Reserve University and Kent State University, the Cleveland Clinic, and cultural attractions including the Cleveland Museum of Art, Big Five group Cleveland Orchestra, Playhouse Square, the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Ohio [SEP] Major cities


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is flag of ohio?

Context: what are some main cities located here?

Context: Columbus, Akron, Canton, Cleveland, Mansfield, and Youngstown, and others.

Question: what is known about the first mentioned city?

Answer: It is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio.

Columbus, Ohio [SEP] Introduction

Columbus is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio. With a population of 898,553 as of 2019 estimates, it is the 14th-most populous city in the United States, the second-most populous city in the Midwest after Chicago, Illinois, and the third-most populous state capital after Phoenix, Arizona and Austin, Texas. It is the core city of the Columbus, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses ten counties. With a population of 2,106,541, it is Ohio's second-largest metropolitan area. Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County. The municipality has also annexed portions of adjoining Delaware and Fairfield counties.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is flag of ohio?

Context: what are some main cities located here?

Context: what is known about the first mentioned city?

Context: It is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio.

Question: what are some college level sports played in the aforesaid state?

Answer: Football, basketball and hockey.

Explanation:
Columbus is home to one of the nation's most competitive intercollegiate programs, the Ohio State Buckeyes of Ohio State University. The program has placed in the top 10 final standings of the Director's Cup five times since 2000–2001, including No. 3 for the 2002–2003 season and No. 4 for the 2003–2004 season. The university funds 36 varsity teams, consisting of 17 male, 16 female, and three co-educational teams. In 2007–2008 and 2008–2009, the program generated the second-most revenue for college programs behind the Texas Longhorns of The University of Texas at Austin.

The Ohio State Buckeyes are a member of the NCAA's Big Ten Conference, and their football team plays home games at Ohio Stadium. The Ohio State-Michigan football game (known colloquially as "The Game") is the final game of the regular season and is played in November each year, alternating between Columbus and Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 2000, ESPN ranked the Ohio State-Michigan game as the greatest rivalry in North Ameri

Columbus, Ohio [SEP] Ohio State Buckeyes


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is flag of ohio?

Context: what are some main cities located here?

Context: what are some college level sports played in the aforesaid state?

Context: Football, basketball and hockey.

Question: what is the historical record behind the latter mentioned sport?

Answer: In Egypt, 4000-year-old carvings feature teams with sticks and a projectile, hurling dates to before 1272 BC in Ireland, and there is a depiction from approximately 600 BC in Ancient Greece, where the game may have been called "kerētízein".

Hockey [SEP] History

Games played with curved sticks and a ball can be found in the histories of many cultures. In Egypt, 4000-year-old carvings feature teams with sticks and a projectile, hurling dates to before 1272 BC in Ireland, and there is a depiction from approximately 600 BC in Ancient Greece, where the game may have been called "kerētízein" or (κερητίζειν) because it was played with a horn or horn-like stick ("kéras", κέρας). In Inner Mongolia, the Daur people have been playing "beikou", a game similar to modern field hockey, for about 1,000 years. Most evidence of hockey-like games during the Middle Ages is found in legislation concerning sports and games.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is flag of ohio?

Context: what are some main cities located here?

Context: Football, basketball and hockey.

Context: what is the historical record behind the latter mentioned sport?

Context: In Egypt, 4000-year-old carvings feature teams with sticks and a projectile, hurling dates to before 1272 BC in Ireland, and there is a depiction from approximately 600 BC in Ancient Greece, where the game may have been called "kerētízein".

Question: what are some different types found in this game?

Answer: Field hockey, ice hockey, ice sledge hockey, and inline hockey.

Hockey [SEP] Roller hockey (inline)

Inline hockey is a variation of roller hockey very similar to ice hockey, from which it is derived. Inline hockey is played by two teams, consisting of four skaters and one goalie, on a dry rink divided into two halves by a center line, with one net at each end of the rink. The game is played in three 15-minute periods with a variation of the ice hockey off-side rule. Icings are also called, but are usually referred to as illegal clearing. The governing body is the IIHF, as for ice hockey, but some leagues and competitions do not follow the IIHF regulations, in particular USA Inline and Canada Inline.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is flag of ohio?

Context: what are some main cities located here?

Context: Football, basketball and hockey.

Context: what are some different types found in this game?

Context: Field hockey, ice hockey, ice sledge hockey, and inline hockey.

Question: how is the second mentioned type played?

Answer: It is played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score goals.

Ice hockey [SEP] Introduction

Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score goals. The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually fielding six players at a time: one goaltender, and five players who skate the span of the ice trying to control the puck and score goals against the opposing team. Ice hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, the Nordic countries, Russia, and the United States. Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is flag of ohio?

Context: what are some main cities located here?

Context: Football, basketball and hockey.

Context: how is the second mentioned type played?

Context: It is played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score goals.

Question: what are some tactics in the offensive line?

Answer: They include improving a team's position on the ice by advancing the puck out of one's zone towards the opponent's zone, progressively by gaining lines, first your own blue line, then the red line and finally the opponent's blue line.

Ice hockey [SEP] Offensive tactics

Offensive tactics include improving a team's position on the ice by advancing the puck out of one's zone towards the opponent's zone, progressively by gaining lines, first your own blue line, then the red line and finally the opponent's blue line. NHL rules instated for the 2006 season redefined the offside rule to make the two-line pass legal; a player may pass the puck from behind his own blue line, past both that blue line and the centre red line, to a player on the near side of the opponents' blue line. Offensive tactics are designed ultimately to score a goal by taking a shot.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is flag of ohio?

Context: what are some main cities located here?

Context: Football, basketball and hockey.

Context: what are some tactics in the offensive line?

Context: They include improving a team's position on the ice by advancing the puck out of one's zone towards the opponent's zone, progressively by gaining lines, first your own blue line, then the red line and finally the opponent's blue line.

Question: what are the women's leagues here?

Answer: The National Women's Hockey League in North America.

Ice hockey [SEP] Women's hockey leagues

The primary women's professional hockey league in North America is the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL) with five teams located in the United States and one in Canada. From 2007 until 2019 the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) operated with teams in Canada, the United States and China.


Question: where did the tropical storm kiko originate?

Answer: Western coast of Africa

Tropical Storm Kiko (2007) [SEP] Introduction

Tropical Storm Kiko was a strong tropical storm that capsized a boat off the western coast of Mexico, killing at least 15 people. The 15th and final tropical cyclone of the 2007 Pacific hurricane season, Kiko developed out of a tropical wave that formed off the coast of Africa on September 26 and traversed the Atlantic. The wave crossed over Central America and entered the Pacific Ocean on October 8, where it spawned Tropical Depression 15-E on October 15. The depression drifted to the south over the next day before briefly being declared Tropical Storm Kiko. It subsequently weakened into a tropical depression, but later reattained tropical storm intensity.


Context: where did the tropical storm kiko originate?

Context: Western coast of Africa

Question: when did it happen?

Answer: September 26

Explanation: Tropical Storm Kiko was a strong tropical storm that capsized a boat off the western coast of Mexico, killing at least 15 people. The 15th and final tropical cyclone of the 2007 Pacific hurricane season, Kiko developed out of a tropical wave that formed off the coast of Africa on September 26 and traversed the Atlantic.

By October 18, Kiko was forecast to make landfall along the western Mexican coastline as a moderate tropical storm. However, the cyclone turned to the west and reached its peak intensity of 70 mph (110 km/h) on October 20. The tropical storm slowly weakened to a remnant low-pressure area by October 24 and completely dissipated on October 27 without making landfall.


Context: Western coast of Africa

Context: when did it happen?

Context: September 26

Question: what impact did it create?

Answer: A ship capsized with twenty-five passengers and crew.

Tropical Storm Kiko (2007) [SEP] Preparations and impact

Emergency procedures were on standby in case conditions became more threatening. As the storm neared land, a ridge over Mexico prevented Kiko from coming ashore, resulting in far less damage than forecast. As Kiko traveled parallel to the coast, heavy rain affected the region for two days. In Kiko's rough seas off the coast of Mexico, a ship capsized with twenty-five passengers and crew. Continued effects from Kiko hampered rescue efforts, forcing officials to call off the rescue attempt. Authorities searched the beaches of San Francisco Ixhuatán and San Francisco del Mar for any signs of the ship. Only two people survived; fifteen bodies were recovered, and nine passengers were never found.


Context: Western coast of Africa

Context: when did it happen?

Context: September 26

Context: what impact did it create?

Context: A ship capsized with twenty-five passengers and crew.

Question: when did it dissipate?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

On October 18, a tropical storm warning was issued along the Mexican coastline from Zihuatanejo, Guerrero to Manzanillo, Colima, and a tropical storm watch extended northward to La Fortuna, Mexico, as Kiko was forecast to make landfall in that region on October 21. Above-normal tides and dangerous waves were expected along the coast. Rainfall totals of 4 inches (100 millimetres) to 7 in (180 mm) were possible over southwestern Mexico with isolated totals reaching 10 in (250 mm). As a precaution, port captains shut down shipping and advised residents to avoid low-lying areas that might flood. Civil Defense advised these residents to move to temporary shelters and tourists were told to stay indoors.


Context: Western coast of Africa

Context: when did it happen?

Context: September 26

Context: what impact did it create?

Context: when did it dissipate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you tell me something about it's meteorological history

Answer: A tropical wave exited the western coast of Africa, It continued through the Atlantic, entering the Pacific Ocean, after crossing Central America,

Explanation: A tropical wave exited the western coast of Africa on September 26, quickly spawning an area of low pressure. Upon the formation of the low, the wave split into two pieces and a second area of low pressure developed along the southern portion of the wave as it traveled west. The northern low quickly developed, spawning Tropical Depression Fourteen on September 28. The southern low attached to the wave failed to develop and moved away from the intensifying tropical depression. It continued through the Atlantic, entering the Pacific Ocean, after crossing Central America,

Tropical Storm Kiko (2007) [SEP] Meteorological history

Shortly thereafter, shear increased and began to separate the low from the deep convection. By the afternoon of October 21, the storm was poorly organized and the center was partially exposed. At this time, the weakening system had winds sustained at 50 mph (85 km/h). Early on October 22, a brief burst in showers and thunderstorms allowed the storm to maintain its intensity. That evening, Kiko was downgraded to a tropical depression as strong wind shear removed convection from the storm's center and exposed the low. As the depression moved over a dryer and more hostile area, two inhibiting factors for development of tropical cyclones, it slowly weakened.


Context: Western coast of Africa

Context: when did it happen?

Context: September 26

Context: what impact did it create?

Context: when did it dissipate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you tell me something about it's meteorological history

Context: A tropical wave exited the western coast of Africa, It continued through the Atlantic, entering the Pacific Ocean, after crossing Central America,

Question: which are the famous tourist attractions of that area?

Answer: Costa Rica and Nicaragua

Explanation:
Costa Rica is the most visited nation in Central America. Tourism in Costa Rica is one of the fastest growing economic sectors of the country, having become the largest source of foreign revenue by 1995. Since 1999, tourism has earned more foreign exchange than bananas, pineapples and coffee exports combined. The tourism boom began in 1987, with the number of visitors up from 329,000 in 1988, through 1.03 million in 1999, to a historical record of 2.43 million foreign visitors and $1.92-billion in revenue in 2013. In 2012 tourism contributed with 12.5% of the country's GDP and it was responsible for 11.7% of direct and indirect employment.

Tourism in Nicaragua has grown considerably recently, and it is now the second largest industry in the nation.

Central America [SEP] Tourism

Tourism in Belize has grown considerably in more recent times, and it is now the second largest industry in the nation. Belizean Prime Minister Dean Barrow has stated his intention to use tourism to combat poverty throughout the country. The growth in tourism has positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. The results for Belize's tourism-driven economy have been significant, with the nation welcoming almost one million tourists in a calendar year for the first time in its history in 2012. Belize is also the only country in Central America with English as its official language, making this country a comfortable destination for English-speaking tourists.


Context: Western coast of Africa

Context: when did it happen?

Context: September 26

Context: what impact did it create?

Context: when did it dissipate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which are the famous tourist attractions of that area?

Context: Costa Rica and Nicaragua

Question: what is camino de costa rica?

Answer: A hiking trailacross Costa Rica

Explanation: The Camino de Costa Rica is a 280 km long hiking trail across Costa Rica

Tourism in Costa Rica [SEP] Camino de Costa Rica

These sobering facts as well as other factors such as level of education, unemployment and underemployment in rural areas gave rise to the NGO, the Asociación Mar a Mar in year 2016. The aim of the Camino de Costa Rica is to establish a world class long-distance trail and through its success in bringing hikers from all over the world, to improve the economic situation in the rural areas of Costa Rica.


Context: Western coast of Africa

Context: when did it happen?

Context: September 26

Context: what impact did it create?

Context: when did it dissipate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Costa Rica and Nicaragua

Context: what is camino de costa rica?

Context: A hiking trailacross Costa Rica

Question: can you name the biological reserves there?

Answer: Manuel Antonio, Tortuguero, Cahuita

Tourism in Costa Rica [SEP] National Parks and Biological Reserves

In 2009 more than 1.2 million tourists visited national parks and protected wild reserves, up from 812 thousand visitors in 2000 and 510 thousand in 1990. Since 2003 slightly more than half the visitors are international tourists. The most visited parks are Manuel Antonio, Tortuguero, Cahuita, and the parks around the volcanoes Poás, Arenal and Irazú. Other favorite national parks and wild reserves are:


Context: Western coast of Africa

Context: when did it happen?

Context: September 26

Context: what impact did it create?

Context: when did it dissipate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Costa Rica and Nicaragua

Context: what is camino de costa rica?

Context: A hiking trailacross Costa Rica

Context: can you name the biological reserves there?

Context: Manuel Antonio, Tortuguero, Cahuita

Question: which are it's major religious communities?

Answer: Roman Catholics, Evangelical Protestants

Costa Rica [SEP] Religion

Christianity is Costa Rica's predominant religion, with Roman Catholicism being the official state religion according to the 1949 Constitution, which at the same time guarantees freedom of religion. It is the only state in the Americas which established Roman Catholicism as its state religion; other such countries are microstates in Europe: Liechtenstein, Monaco, the Vatican City and Malta. The Latinobarómetro survey of 2017 found that 57% of the population identify themselves as Roman Catholics, 25% are Evangelical Protestants, 15% report that they do not have a religion, and 2% declare that they belong to another religion. This survey indicated a decline in the share of Catholics and rise in the share of Protestants and irreligious.


Context: Western coast of Africa

Context: when did it happen?

Context: September 26

Context: what impact did it create?

Context: when did it dissipate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Costa Rica and Nicaragua

Context: what is camino de costa rica?

Context: A hiking trailacross Costa Rica

Context: Manuel Antonio, Tortuguero, Cahuita

Context: which are it's major religious communities?

Context: Roman Catholics, Evangelical Protestants

Question: could you tell me about their cuisine?

Answer: It is a blend of Native American, Spanish, African and many other cuisine origins. Dishes like tamale and many others made of corn are traditional.

Costa Rica [SEP] Cuisine

Costa Rican cuisine is a blend of Native American, Spanish, African and many other cuisine origins. Dishes such as the very traditional tamale and many others made of corn are the most representative of its indigenous inhabitants, and similar to other neighboring Mesoamerican countries. Spaniards brought many new ingredients to the country from other lands, especially spices and domestic animals. And later in the 19th century, the African flavor lent its presence with influence from other Caribbean mixed flavors. This is how Costa Rican cuisine today is very varied, with every new ethnic group who had recently become part of the country's population influencing the country's cuisine.


Question: where does the river welland start and finish

Answer: The river rises in the Hothorpe Hills, at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire, then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough, Stamford and Spalding, to reach The Wash near Fosdyke

River Welland [SEP] Introduction

The River Welland is a lowland river in the east of England, some long. It drains part of the Midlands eastwards to The Wash. The river rises in the Hothorpe Hills, at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire, then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough, Stamford and Spalding, to reach The Wash near Fosdyke. It is a major waterway across the part of the Fens called South Holland, and is one of the Fenland rivers which were laid out with washlands. There are two channels between widely spaced embankments with the intention that flood waters would have space in which to spread while the tide in the estuary prevented free egress.


Context: where does the river welland start and finish

Context: The river rises in the Hothorpe Hills, at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire, then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough, Stamford and Spalding, to reach The Wash near Fosdyke

Question: can we see any wild animals there?

Answer: It provides habitat for stone loach and bullheads.

River Welland [SEP] Wildlife

The finer material ensures that water mainly flows over the ramp, rather than through it. The ramp also enables young eels or elvers to move up the river, and provides habitat for stone loach and bullheads. Large numbers of swans and geese use the river around Crowland, and out to sea. Smaller populations of each can be seen around the Stamford Meadows, and further upstream.


Context: can we see any wild animals there?

Context: It provides habitat for stone loach and bullheads.

Question: was it used for navigation?

Answer: The river as far as Stamford was used by the Romans for navigation, as it formed part of a system including the Car Dyke, which ran along the western edge of the Fens and crossed the river near the modern Folly River.

River Welland [SEP] Navigation

The river as far as Stamford was used by the Romans for navigation, as it formed part of a system including the Car Dyke, which ran along the western edge of the Fens and crossed the river near the modern Folly River. Navigation to Stamford was improved by the canal. Boats used on the canal were small lighters, around wide, capable of carrying from seven to fourteen tons, and normally worked in trains of four vessels. With the arrival of the railways, river trade declined. The Midland Railway reached Peterborough in 1846, and opened their line to Melton Mowbray, passing through Stamford, in 1848.


Context: can we see any wild animals there?

Context: was it used for navigation?

Context: The river as far as Stamford was used by the Romans for navigation, as it formed part of a system including the Car Dyke, which ran along the western edge of the Fens and crossed the river near the modern Folly River.

Question: name a few regions it flows through?

Answer: It flows westwards, before looping round, passing through the grounds of Hothorpe Hall in Theddingworth, now a conference centre, to flow generally eastwards through Lubenham to Market Harborough.

River Welland [SEP] Course

The Welland rises in the Hothorpe Hills in the parish of Sibbertoft, Northamptonshire and it issues at Spring Croft, Church Street. Sibbertoft sits astride one of the principal watersheds in England. Within , the small stream forms the border between Northamptonshire and Leicestershire. It flows westwards, before looping round, passing through the grounds of Hothorpe Hall in Theddingworth, now a conference centre, to flow generally eastwards through Lubenham to Market Harborough. One of the driveways to Thorpe Lubenham Hall is carried over the river by an early nineteenth century ashlar bridge which is a Grade II listed structure. To the east of Lubenham, the river passes Old Lubenham Hall, part of an H-plan house built in the late sixteenth century and modified in the early eighteenth century.


Context: can we see any wild animals there?

Context: was it used for navigation?

Context: name a few regions it flows through?

Context: It flows westwards, before looping round, passing through the grounds of Hothorpe Hall in Theddingworth, now a conference centre, to flow generally eastwards through Lubenham to Market Harborough.

Question: does the last mentioned place have a prison?

Answer: Yes, HM Prison Gartree

Explanation: HM Prison Gartree is west of the town near Foxton and the site of a prisoner escape by helicopter in 1987. The prison caters for prisoners on life sentences.

Market Harborough [SEP] Gartree Prison


Context: can we see any wild animals there?

Context: was it used for navigation?

Context: name a few regions it flows through?

Context: does the last mentioned place have a prison?

Context: Yes, HM Prison Gartree

Question: when was it built?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Market Harborough [SEP] Gartree Prison


Context: can we see any wild animals there?

Context: was it used for navigation?

Context: name a few regions it flows through?

Context: Yes, HM Prison Gartree

Context: when was it built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are the different modes of transportation available in the region?

Answer: Bus Services and Railways

Market Harborough [SEP] Rail

Market Harborough station is on the Midland Main Line and operated by East Midlands Railway. London St Pancras is 70 minutes south. Northbound trains operate to Leicester, Nottingham and Sheffield.


Context: can we see any wild animals there?

Context: was it used for navigation?

Context: name a few regions it flows through?

Context: Yes, HM Prison Gartree

Context: when was it built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the different modes of transportation available in the region?

Context: Bus Services and Railways

Question: does it have any educational institution there?

Answer: Yes,  grammar school.

Market Harborough [SEP] The Old Grammar School

One of the town's most notable features is an unusual former grammar school located in the town centre which stands on wooden stilts. The school room had to be built upon posts to allow the butter market to be held on the ground floor. The school was founded in 1607 and built in 1614, through the generosity of Robert Smyth, a poor native of the town who became Comptroller of the Lord Mayor's Court of the City of London and member of the Merchant Taylors' Company. The subjects taught were Latin, Greek and Hebrew, and many boys were sent to Oxford and Cambridge universities.


Context: can we see any wild animals there?

Context: was it used for navigation?

Context: name a few regions it flows through?

Context: Yes, HM Prison Gartree

Context: when was it built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Bus Services and Railways

Context: does it have any educational institution there?

Context: Yes,  grammar school.

Question: is it still functioning?

Answer: It is now the Robert Smyth Academy

The most distinguished of these was John Moore, who became Bishop of Norwich in 1691, and Bishop of Ely in 1707 and also William Henry Bragg, Nobel Prize winner. This is commemorated by a plaque inside the old schoolroom. The grammar school has since moved sites and is now the Robert Smyth Academy for 11- to 18-year-olds. The school badge is the arms of the City of London. The school is divided into houses one of which is named "Bragg".


Context: can we see any wild animals there?

Context: was it used for navigation?

Context: name a few regions it flows through?

Context: Yes, HM Prison Gartree

Context: when was it built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Bus Services and Railways

Context: Yes,  grammar school.

Context: is it still functioning?

Context: It is now the Robert Smyth Academy

Question: how is it different from the normal schools?

Answer: The original purpose of medieval grammar schools was the teaching of Latin. Over time the curriculum was broadened, first to include Ancient Greek, and later English

Grammar school [SEP] Introduction

A grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries, originally a school teaching Latin, but more recently an academically oriented secondary school, differentiated in recent years from less academic secondary modern schools. The main difference is that a grammar school may select pupils based on academic achievement whereas a secondary modern may not. The original purpose of medieval grammar schools was the teaching of Latin. Over time the curriculum was broadened, first to include Ancient Greek, and later English and other European languages, natural sciences, mathematics, history, geography, and other subjects.


Context: can we see any wild animals there?

Context: was it used for navigation?

Context: name a few regions it flows through?

Context: Yes, HM Prison Gartree

Context: when was it built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Bus Services and Railways

Context: Yes,  grammar school.

Context: is it still functioning?

Context: It is now the Robert Smyth Academy

Context: how is it different from the normal schools?

Context: The original purpose of medieval grammar schools was the teaching of Latin. Over time the curriculum was broadened, first to include Ancient Greek, and later English

Question: which all countries does it have it's presence?

Answer: Hong Kong, Singapore

Explanation: Grammar schools were established in various British territories, and have developed in different ways since those territories became independent.

Grammar school [SEP] In other countries or regions


Question: where did the dodo bird live before it was extinct

Answer: Island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean

Dodo [SEP] Introduction

The dodo ("Raphus cucullatus") is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. The dodo's closest genetic relative was the also-extinct Rodrigues solitaire, the two forming the subfamily Raphinae of the family of pigeons and doves. The closest living relative of the dodo is the Nicobar pigeon. A white dodo was once thought to have existed on the nearby island of Réunion, but this is now thought to have been confusion based on the Réunion ibis and paintings of white dodos. Subfossil remains show the dodo was about tall and may have weighed in the wild.


Context: where did the dodo bird live before it was extinct

Context: Island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean

Question: who discovered it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Dodo [SEP] Introduction


Context: who discovered it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who described it?

Answer: Danish zoologist Johannes Theodor Reinhardt

Dodo [SEP] Taxonomy

The dodo was variously declared a small ostrich, a rail, an albatross, or a vulture, by early scientists. In 1842, Danish zoologist Johannes Theodor Reinhardt proposed that dodos were ground pigeons, based on studies of a dodo skull he had discovered in the collection of the Natural History Museum of Denmark. This view was met with ridicule, but was later supported by English naturalists Hugh Edwin Strickland and Alexander Gordon Melville in their 1848 monograph "The Dodo and Its Kindred", which attempted to separate myth from reality. After dissecting the preserved head and foot of the specimen at the Oxford University Museum and comparing it with the few remains then available of the extinct Rodrigues solitaire ("Pezophaps solitaria") they concluded that the two were closely related.


Context: who discovered it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who described it?

Context: Danish zoologist Johannes Theodor Reinhardt

Question: how did it get its name?

Answer: One of the original names for the dodo was the Dutch ""Walghvoghel"", first used in the journal of Dutch Vice Admiral Wybrand van Warwijck, the etymology of the word "dodo" is unclear. Some ascribe it to the Dutch word "dodoor" for "sluggard", but it is more probably related to "Dodaars", which means either "fat-arse" or "knot-arse", referring to the knot of feathers on the hind end

Explanation:
One of the original names for the dodo was the Dutch ""Walghvoghel"", first used in the journal of Dutch Vice Admiral Wybrand van Warwijck, who visited Mauritius during the Second Dutch Expedition to Indonesia in 1598. "Walghe" means "tasteless", "insipid", or "sickly", and means "bird". The name was translated by Jakob Friedlib into German as "Walchstök" or "Walchvögel". The original Dutch report titled "Waarachtige Beschryving" was lost, but the English translation survived:
Another account from that voyage, perhaps the first to mention the dodo, states that the Portuguese referred to them as penguins. The meaning may not have been derived from "penguin" (the Portuguese referred to those birds as ""fotilicaios"" at the time), but from "pinion", a reference to the small wings. The crew of the Dutch ship "Gelderland" referred to the bird as "Dronte" (meaning "swollen") in 1602, a name that is still used in some languages. This crew also called them "griff-eendt" and "kermisgans", in re

Dodo [SEP] Etymology


Context: who discovered it?

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Context: who described it?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: One of the original names for the dodo was the Dutch ""Walghvoghel"", first used in the journal of Dutch Vice Admiral Wybrand van Warwijck, the etymology of the word "dodo" is unclear. Some ascribe it to the Dutch word "dodoor" for "sluggard", but it is more probably related to "Dodaars", which means either "fat-arse" or "knot-arse", referring to the knot of feathers on the hind end

Question: what does it feed on?

Answer: Nuts, seeds, bulbs, roots, it has also been suggested that the dodo might have eaten crabs and shellfish, like their relatives the crowned pigeons

Explanation: In addition to fallen fruits, the dodo probably subsisted on nuts, seeds, bulbs, and roots. It has also been suggested that the dodo might have eaten crabs and shellfish, like their relatives the crowned pigeons. Its feeding habits must have been versatile, since captive specimens were probably given a wide range of food on the long sea journeys.

Dodo [SEP] Diet

The beak also appears to have been able to withstand high force loads, which indicates a diet of hard food. Examination of the brain endocast found that though the brain was similar to that of other pigeons in most respects, the dodo had a comparatively large olfactory bulb. This gave the dodo a good sense of smell, which may have aided in locating fruit and small prey. Several contemporary sources state that the dodo used Gastroliths (gizzard stones) to aid digestion. The English writer Sir Hamon L'Estrange witnessed a live bird in London and described it as follows:


Context: who discovered it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who described it?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: what does it feed on?

Context: Nuts, seeds, bulbs, roots, it has also been suggested that the dodo might have eaten crabs and shellfish, like their relatives the crowned pigeons

Question: how was its relationship with humans?

Answer: An illustration made for the 1648 published version of the journal,  showing the killing of dodos, a dugong, and possibly Mascarene grey parakeets, was captioned with a Dutch poem

Explanation:
 An illustration made for the 1648 published version of this journal, showing the killing of dodos, a dugong, and possibly Mascarene grey parakeets, was captioned with a Dutch poem, here in Hugh Strickland's 1848 translation:
Some early travellers found dodo meat unsavoury, and preferred to eat parrots and pigeons; others described it as tough but good. Some hunted dodos only for their gizzards, as this was considered the most delicious part of the bird. Dodos were easy to catch, but hunters had to be careful not to be bitten by their powerful beaks.

Dodo [SEP] Relationship with humans

They appear in reports published in 1601, which also contain the first published illustration of the bird. Since the first sailors to visit Mauritius had been at sea for a long time, their interest in these large birds was mainly culinary. The 1602 journal by Willem Van West-Zanen of the ship "Bruin-Vis" mentions that 24–25 dodos were hunted for food, which were so large that two could scarcely be consumed at mealtime, their remains being preserved by salting. An illustration made for the 1648 published version of this journal, showing the killing of dodos, a dugong, and possibly Mascarene grey parakeets, was captioned with a Dutch poem, here in Hugh Strickland's 1848 translation: Some early travellers found dodo meat unsavoury, and preferred to eat parrots and pigeons; others described it as tough but good.


Context: who discovered it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who described it?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: what does it feed on?

Context: how was its relationship with humans?

Context: An illustration made for the 1648 published version of the journal,  showing the killing of dodos, a dugong, and possibly Mascarene grey parakeets, was captioned with a Dutch poem

Question: where did the ocean mentioned above located?

Answer: Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's oceanic divisions, it  is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica, depending on the definition in use. Along its core, the Indian Ocean has some large marginal or regional seas such as the Arabian Sea, the Laccadive Sea, the Somali Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Andaman Sea

Explanation: The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering or 19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica, depending on the definition in use. Along its core, the Indian Ocean has some large marginal or regional seas such as the Arabian Sea, the Laccadive Sea, the Somali Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Andaman Sea.

Indian Ocean [SEP] Introduction


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Context: who described it?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: what does it feed on?

Context: how was its relationship with humans?

Context: where did the ocean mentioned above located?

Context: Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's oceanic divisions, it  is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica, depending on the definition in use. Along its core, the Indian Ocean has some large marginal or regional seas such as the Arabian Sea, the Laccadive Sea, the Somali Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Andaman Sea

Question: who were the first settlers?

Answer: Pleistocene fossils of "Homo erectus" and other pre-"H. sapiens" homonin fossils, similar to "H. heidelbergensis" in Europe, have been found in India

Indian Ocean [SEP] First settlements

Pleistocene fossils of "Homo erectus" and other pre-"H. sapiens" homonin fossils, similar to "H. heidelbergensis" in Europe, have been found in India. According to the Toba catastrophe theory, a supereruption c. 74000 years ago at Lake Toba, Sumatra, covered India with volcanic ashes and wiped out one or more lineages of such archaic humans in India and Southeast Asia. The "Out of Africa" theory states that "Homo sapiens" spread from Africa into mainland Eurasia. The more recent "Southern Dispersal" or "Coastal hypothesis" instead advocates that modern humans spread along the coasts of the Arabic Peninsula and southern Asia. This hypothesis is supported by mtDNA research which reveals a rapid dispersal event during the Late Pleistocene (11,000 years ago).


Context: who discovered it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who described it?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: what does it feed on?

Context: how was its relationship with humans?

Context: who were the first settlers?

Context: Pleistocene fossils of "Homo erectus" and other pre-"H. sapiens" homonin fossils, similar to "H. heidelbergensis" in Europe, have been found in India

Question: what can you tell me about its climate?

Answer: It constitutes the core of the large-scale Tropical Warm Pool , Asia blocks heat export and prevents the ventilation of the Indian Ocean thermocline, the continent also drives the Indian Ocean monsoon, the strongest on Earth, which causes large-scale seasonal variations in ocean currents, including the reversal of the Somali Current and Indian Monsoon Current

Explanation: Several features make the Indian Ocean unique. It constitutes the core of the large-scale Tropical Warm Pool which, when interacting with the atmosphere, affects the climate both regionally and globally. Asia blocks heat export and prevents the ventilation of the Indian Ocean thermocline. That continent also drives the Indian Ocean monsoon, the strongest on Earth, which causes large-scale seasonal variations in ocean currents, including the reversal of the Somali Current and Indian Monsoon Current. Because of the Indian Ocean Walker circulation there are no continuous equatorial easterlies. Upwelling occurs near the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula in the Northern Hemisphere and north of the trade winds in the Southern Hemisphere. The Indonesian Throughflow is a unique Equatorial connection to the Pacific.

Indian Ocean [SEP] Climate


Context: who discovered it?

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Context: who described it?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: what does it feed on?

Context: how was its relationship with humans?

Context: who were the first settlers?

Context: what can you tell me about its climate?

Context: It constitutes the core of the large-scale Tropical Warm Pool , Asia blocks heat export and prevents the ventilation of the Indian Ocean thermocline, the continent also drives the Indian Ocean monsoon, the strongest on Earth, which causes large-scale seasonal variations in ocean currents, including the reversal of the Somali Current and Indian Monsoon Current

Question: was it a trade route before?

Answer: Yes, the sea lanes in the Indian Ocean are considered among the most strategically important in the world with more than 80 percent of the world's seaborne trade in oil transits through the Indian Ocean and its vital chokepoints, with 40 percent passing through the Strait of Hormuz, 35 percent through the Strait of Malacca and 8 percent through the Bab el-Mandab Strait

Explanation:
The sea lanes in the Indian Ocean are considered among the most strategically important in the world with more than 80 percent of the world's seaborne trade in oil transits through the Indian Ocean and its vital chokepoints, with 40 percent passing through the Strait of Hormuz, 35 percent through the Strait of Malacca and 8 percent through the Bab el-Mandab Strait.
The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oil fields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and Western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals, and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, Pakistan, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri

Indian Ocean [SEP] Trade


Question: where does the lincoln tunnel exit in manhattan

Answer: New York City

Lincoln Tunnel [SEP] Introduction

The Lincoln Tunnel is an approximately tunnel under the Hudson River, connecting Weehawken, New Jersey, to the west with Midtown Manhattan in New York City to the east. It was designed by Ole Singstad and named after Abraham Lincoln. The tunnel consists of three vehicular tubes of varying lengths, with two traffic lanes in each tube. The center tube contains reversible lanes, while the northern and southern tubes exclusively carry westbound and eastbound traffic, respectively. The Lincoln Tunnel was originally proposed in the late 1920s and early 1930s as the Midtown Hudson Tunnel. The tubes of the Lincoln Tunnel were constructed in stages between 1934 and 1957.


Context: where does the lincoln tunnel exit in manhattan

Context: New York City

Question: how long is the tunnel?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Lincoln Tunnel [SEP] Introduction


Context: New York City

Context: how long is the tunnel?

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Question: when was this constructed?

Answer: Construction of the central tube started in 1934 and it opened in 1937.

Lincoln Tunnel [SEP] Introduction

Construction of the central tube, which originally lacked sufficient funding due to the Great Depression, started in 1934 and it opened in 1937. The northern tube started construction in 1936, was delayed due to World War II-related material shortages, and opened in 1945. Although the original plans for the Lincoln Tunnel called for two tubes, a third tube to the south of the existing tunnels was planned in 1950 due to high traffic demand on the other two tubes. The third tube started construction in 1954, with the delay attributed to disputes over tunnel approaches, and opened in 1957. Since then, the Lincoln Tunnel has undergone a series of gradual improvements, including changes to security and tolling methods.


Context: New York City

Context: how long is the tunnel?

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Context: when was this constructed?

Context: Construction of the central tube started in 1934 and it opened in 1937.

Question: was there any controversy related to the planning?

Answer: Yes. The city wanted the Port Authority to build part of a proposed Mid-Manhattan Expressway above 30th Street from Eighth Avenue to the West Side Elevated Highway near 12th Avenue.

Explanation: The city wanted the Port Authority to build part of a proposed Mid-Manhattan Expressway above 30th Street from Eighth Avenue to the West Side Elevated Highway near 12th Avenue. This recommendation was very similar to one that had been made five years prior. However, the City Planning Commission immediately rejected this proposed solution. By January, as the Lincoln Tunnel dispute became protracted, the Port Authority was willing to build a separate tunnel altogether at a cost of $200 million.

Lincoln Tunnel [SEP] Planning and controversy


Context: New York City

Context: how long is the tunnel?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was there any controversy related to the planning?

Context: Yes. The city wanted the Port Authority to build part of a proposed Mid-Manhattan Expressway above 30th Street from Eighth Avenue to the West Side Elevated Highway near 12th Avenue.

Question: was this tunnel built under a river?

Answer: Yes, the Hudson River.

In 1949, due to increased traffic demand, New Jersey Governor Alfred E. Driscoll suggested building a third crossing under the Hudson River. He met with the Port Authority's board of commissioners and told them that the Holland and Lincoln Tunnels had now reached their full capacity of 15 million annual vehicles apiece (though the Port Authority noted that the Lincoln Tunnel had only seen 11.1 million vehicles in the past year). The same year, the Port Authority conducted a study of 135,000 motorists who used Hudson River crossings. It found that much of the traffic on the Holland and Lincoln Tunnels could be lessened if another tunnel between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan were built either north or south of the Lincoln Tunnel.


Context: New York City

Context: how long is the tunnel?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Question: where does this river originate?

Answer: Adirondack Mountains

Hudson River [SEP] Introduction

The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States. The river originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York, flows southward through the Hudson Valley to the Upper New York Bay between New York City and Jersey City. It eventually drains into the Atlantic Ocean at New York Harbor. The river serves as a political boundary between the states of New Jersey and New York at its southern end. Farther north, it marks local boundaries between several New York counties. The lower half of the river is a tidal estuary, deeper than the body of water into which it flows, occupying the Hudson Fjord, an inlet which formed during the most recent period of North American glaciation, estimated at 26,000 to 13,300 years ago.


Context: New York City

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Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Context: where does this river originate?

Context: Adirondack Mountains

Question: how did this river get its name?

Answer: The river is named after Henry Hudson, an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company.

Hudson River [SEP] Introduction

Tidal waters influence the Hudson's flow from as far north as the city of Troy. The river is named after Henry Hudson, an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company, who explored it in 1609, and after whom Hudson Bay in Canada is also named. It had previously been observed by Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano sailing for King Francis I of France in 1524, as he became the first European known to have entered the Upper New York Bay, but he considered the river to be an estuary. The Dutch called the river the "North River" – with the Delaware River called the "South River" – and it formed the spine of the Dutch colony of New Netherland.


Context: New York City

Context: how long is the tunnel?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Context: where does this river originate?

Context: Adirondack Mountains

Context: how did this river get its name?

Context: The river is named after Henry Hudson, an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company.

Question: which are the notable landmarks beside this waterbody?

Answer: "Hudson River Islands State Park” "Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site” and "Hudson Highlands State Park” to name a few.

Hudson River [SEP] Landmarks

Numerous places have been constructed along the Hudson that have since become landmarks. Following the river from its source to mouth, there is the Hudson River Islands State Park in Greene and Columbia counties, and in Dutchess County, there is Bard College, Staatsburgh, the Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site, Franklin D. Roosevelt's home and presidential library, and the main campus of the Culinary Institute of America, Marist College, the Walkway over the Hudson, Bannerman's Castle, and Hudson Highlands State Park. South of that in Orange County is the United States Military Academy. In Westchester lies Indian Point Energy Center, Croton Point Park, and Sing Sing Correctional Facility.


Context: New York City

Context: how long is the tunnel?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Context: where does this river originate?

Context: Adirondack Mountains

Context: how did this river get its name?

Context: which are the notable landmarks beside this waterbody?

Context: "Hudson River Islands State Park” "Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site” and "Hudson Highlands State Park” to name a few.

Question: which are the different types of fish found in this waterbody?

Answer: Striped bass and American eels, to name some.

Explanation: Species include striped bass, the most important game fish in the Hudson. Estimates of the striped bass population in the Hudson range to nearly 100 million fish. American eels also live in the river before reaching breeding age; for much of this stage they are known as glass eels because of the transparency of their bodies. The fish are the only catadromous species in the Hudson's estuary.

Hudson River [SEP] Fish

The fish are the only catadromous species in the Hudson's estuary. The Atlantic tomcod is a unique species that adapted resistance to the toxic effects of the PCBs polluting the river. Scientists identified the genetic mutation that conferred the resistance, and found that the mutated form was present in 99 percent of the tomcods in the river, compared to fewer than 10 percent of the tomcods from other waters. The hogchoker flatfish have been historically abundant in the river, where farmers would use them for inexpensive livestock feed, giving the fish its name. Other unusual fish found in the river include the northern pipefish, the lined seahorse, and the northern puffer.


Context: New York City

Context: how long is the tunnel?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Context: where does this river originate?

Context: Adirondack Mountains

Context: how did this river get its name?

Context: which are the different types of fish found in this waterbody?

Context: Striped bass and American eels, to name some.

Question: how is the second one look like?

Answer: It has a slender, snake-like body that is covered with a mucus layer, which makes the eel appear to be naked and slimy despite the presence of minute scales.

American eel [SEP] Introduction

The American eel ("Anguilla rostrata") is a facultative catadromous fish found on the eastern coast of North America. Freshwater eels are fish belonging to the elopomorph superorder, a group of phylogenetically ancient teleosts. The American eel has a slender, snake-like body that is covered with a mucus layer, which makes the eel appear to be naked and slimy despite the presence of minute scales. A long dorsal fin runs from the middle of the back and is continuous with a similar ventral fin. Pelvic fins are absent, and relatively small pectoral fins can be found near the midline, followed by the head and gill covers.


Context: New York City

Context: how long is the tunnel?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Context: where does this river originate?

Context: Adirondack Mountains

Context: how did this river get its name?

Context: how is the second one look like?

Context: It has a slender, snake-like body that is covered with a mucus layer, which makes the eel appear to be naked and slimy despite the presence of minute scales.

Question: are they endangered species?

Answer: Yes.

Explanation:
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reviewed the status of the American eel both in 2007 and in 2015, finding both times that Endangered Species Act protection for the American eel is not warranted.
The Canadian province of Ontario has cancelled the commercial fishing quota since 2004. Eel sport fishery has been closed. Efforts have been made to improve the passage in which eels migrate across the hydroelectric dams on St. Lawrence River.

American eel [SEP] Conservation measures


Context: New York City

Context: how long is the tunnel?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Context: where does this river originate?

Context: Adirondack Mountains

Context: how did this river get its name?

Context: how is the second one look like?

Context: are they endangered species?

Context: Yes.

Question: any conservation measures adopted to protect this species?

Answer: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reviewed the status of the American eel both in 2007 and in 2015, finding both times that Endangered Species Act protection for the American eel is not warranted.

Explanation: The Canadian province of Ontario has cancelled the commercial fishing quota since 2004. Eel sport fishery has been closed. Efforts have been made to improve the passage in which eels migrate across the hydroelectric dams on St. Lawrence River.


Context: New York City

Context: how long is the tunnel?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Context: where does this river originate?

Context: Adirondack Mountains

Context: how did this river get its name?

Context: how is the second one look like?

Context: are they endangered species?

Context: Yes.

Context: any conservation measures adopted to protect this species?

Context: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reviewed the status of the American eel both in 2007 and in 2015, finding both times that Endangered Species Act protection for the American eel is not warranted.

Question: who designed the earlier mentioned tunnel?

Answer: Ole Singstad

Explanation: It was designed by Ole Singstad and named after Abraham Lincoln.

Lincoln Tunnel [SEP] Introduction


Context: New York City

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Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Context: where does this river originate?

Context: Adirondack Mountains

Context: how did this river get its name?

Context: how is the second one look like?

Context: are they endangered species?

Context: Yes.

Context: who designed the earlier mentioned tunnel?

Context: Ole Singstad

Question: where was he from?

Answer: Norway

Ole Singstad [SEP] Early life

Ole Singstad was born at Singstad farm in Lensvik (now Agdenes municipality) in Trøndelag county, Norway. He was the seventh of nine children born to Knut Jacobsen Singstad (17 May 1831–24 November 1906) and Anne Mikkelsd Auset Singstad (10 July 1843–30 April 1947). In 1898, Singstad attended grammar school in Ålesund. Later, his sister Marie, a midwife, encouraged Singstad to further his education. He studied in Trondheim at the Trondheim Technical School from 1901–1905, where he was chairman of the student body. In 1905, he emigrated to the United States. He became a US citizen in 1911.


Context: New York City

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Context: UNANSWERABLE

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Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Context: where does this river originate?

Context: Adirondack Mountains

Context: how did this river get its name?

Context: how is the second one look like?

Context: are they endangered species?

Context: Yes.

Context: Ole Singstad

Context: where was he from?

Context: Norway

Question: can you mention some of his other works?

Answer: From 1930-1933, he designed and led construction of the tunnel under the Schelde River in Antwerp. He also designed tunnels in Argentina, Canada, Cuba, and Venezuela.

Ole Singstad [SEP] Other work

Singstad was instrumental in numerous underwater vehicular tunnels worldwide. From 1930-1933, he designed and led construction of the tunnel under the Schelde River in Antwerp. The Belgians attempted to explode the tunnel on their retreat in 1940 and later the Germans tried to explode the tunnel when they withdrew in 1944. The tunnel held each time. Singstad also designed tunnels in Argentina, Canada, Cuba, and Venezuela.


Context: New York City

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Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Context: where does this river originate?

Context: Adirondack Mountains

Context: how did this river get its name?

Context: how is the second one look like?

Context: are they endangered species?

Context: Yes.

Context: Ole Singstad

Context: where was he from?

Context: Norway

Context: can you mention some of his other works?

Context: From 1930-1933, he designed and led construction of the tunnel under the Schelde River in Antwerp. He also designed tunnels in Argentina, Canada, Cuba, and Venezuela.

Question: what is the most common language spoken in the last country mentioned above?

Answer: Spanish

Venezuela [SEP] Languages

Although most residents are monolingual Spanish speakers, many languages are spoken in Venezuela. In addition to Spanish, the Constitution recognizes more than thirty indigenous languages, including Wayuu, Warao, Pemón, and many others for the official use of the indigenous peoples, mostly with few speakers – less than 1% of the total population. Wayuu is the most spoken indigenous language with 170,000 speakers. Immigrants, in addition to Spanish, speak their own languages. Chinese (400,000), Portuguese (254,000), and Italian (200,000) are the most spoken languages in Venezuela after the official language of Spanish. Arabic is spoken by Lebanese and Syrian colonies on Isla de Margarita, Maracaibo, Punto Fijo, Puerto la Cruz, El Tigre, Maracay, and Caracas.


Context: New York City

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Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this constructed?

Context: was this tunnel built under a river?

Context: Yes, the Hudson River.

Context: where does this river originate?

Context: Adirondack Mountains

Context: how did this river get its name?

Context: how is the second one look like?

Context: are they endangered species?

Context: Yes.

Context: Ole Singstad

Context: where was he from?

Context: Norway

Context: what is the most common language spoken in the last country mentioned above?

Context: Spanish

Question: how is the climate there?

Answer: The From 1930-1933, he designed and led construction of the tunnel under the Schelde River in Antwerp. He also designed tunnels in Argentina, Canada, Cuba, and Venezuela.

Venezuela [SEP] Climate

Venezuela is entirely located in the tropics over the Equator to around 12° N. Its climate varies from humid low-elevation plains, where average annual temperatures range as high as , to glaciers and highlands (the "páramos") with an average yearly temperature of . Annual rainfall varies from in the semiarid portions of the northwest to over in the Orinoco Delta of the far east and the Amazonian Jungle in the south. The precipitation level is lower in the period from August through April. These periods are referred to as hot-humid and cold-dry seasons. Another characteristic of the climate is this variation throughout the country by the existence of a mountain range called "Cordillera de la Costa" which crosses the country from east to west.