Context: Leading case in American tort law.

Context: what does that law mean?

Context: Addresses torts in United States law.

Context: what is torts?

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: what kind of reforms are done in it?

Context: what is business related issue in it?

Context: who was the plaintiff in the case?

Context: Helen Palsgraf

Question: what was the claim of the plaintiff against the other party?

Answer: Its employees had been negligent while assisting the man, and that she had been harmed by the neglect.

Explanation: Helen Palsgraf, was waiting at a Long Island Rail Road station in August 1924 while taking her daughters to the beach. Two men attempted to board the train before hers; one (aided by railroad employees) dropped a package that exploded, causing a large coin-operated scale on the platform to hit her. After the incident, she began to stammer, and subsequently sued the railroad, arguing that its employees had been negligent while assisting the man, and that she had been harmed by the neglect.


Context: what is palsgraf v. long island railroad co.?

Context: Leading case in American tort law.

Context: what does that law mean?

Context: Addresses torts in United States law.

Context: what is torts?

Context: A civil wrong that causes a claimant to suffer loss or harm, resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act.

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: A distinctive body of law arose in the common law word traced to English tort law.

Context: what kind of reforms are done in it?

Context: Some calls for reform stress the difficulties encountered by potential claimants.

Context: what is business related issue in it?

Context: Tortious interference with trade, fraud, injurious falsehood, and negligent misrepresentation.

Context: in what way did it get its influence from english?

Context: Right of victims to receive redress was regarded by later English scholars as one of the rights of Englishmen.

Context: when was the first hearing of the aforementioned case?

Context: who were the parties involved in the case?

Context: The plaintiff, Helen Palsgraf and the railroad.

Context: who was the plaintiff in the case?

Context: Helen Palsgraf

Context: what was the claim of the plaintiff against the other party?

Context: Its employees had been negligent while assisting the man, and that she had been harmed by the neglect.

Question: who was the judge in it?

Answer: Benjamin Cardozo

Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. [SEP] Introduction

Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co., 248 N.Y. 339, 162 N.E. 99 (1928), is a leading case in American tort law on the question of liability to an unforeseeable plaintiff. The case was heard by the New York Court of Appeals, the highest state court in New York; its opinion was written by Chief Judge Benjamin Cardozo, a leading figure in the development of American common law and later a United States Supreme Court justice. The plaintiff, Helen Palsgraf, was waiting at a Long Island Rail Road station in August 1924 while taking her daughters to the beach. Two men attempted to board the train before hers; one (aided by railroad employees) dropped a package that exploded, causing a large coin-operated scale on the platform to hit her.


Context: Leading case in American tort law.

Context: what does that law mean?

Context: Addresses torts in United States law.

Context: what is torts?

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: what kind of reforms are done in it?

Context: what is business related issue in it?

Context: who was the plaintiff in the case?

Context: Helen Palsgraf

Context: who was the judge in it?

Context: Benjamin Cardozo

Question: what was the appeal made at the start?

Answer: LIRR argued that the verdict had been contrary to the law and the evidence an Palsgraf argued that the jury verdict finding negligence was supported by undisputed facts, and should not be questioned by the appellate courts.

Explanation: In its briefs before the Appellate Division, the LIRR argued that the verdict had been contrary to the law and the evidence. It stressed that it had no foreknowledge that the package was dangerous, and that no law required it to search the contents of passenger luggage. The brief stated that given this, there was no negligence in helping a man make a train, and even if there was, that negligence was not the proximate cause of Palsgraf's injuries. Wood, for Palsgraf, argued that the jury verdict finding negligence was supported by undisputed facts, and should not be questioned by the appellate courts.

Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. [SEP] Initial appeal

Albert H. F. Seeger wrote the majority opinion for the five justices hearing the case, and was joined by Justices William F. Hagarty and William B. Carswell. Seeger had been born in Stuttgart and came to the United States as a child; he had been elected to the Supreme Court in 1917 and was elevated to the Appellate Division by Governor Al Smith in 1926. Aged 68 at the time of "Palsgraf", he could serve only two more years before mandatory retirement. Justice Seeger ruled that the finding of negligence by the jury was supported by the evidence, and speculated that the jury might have found that helping a passenger board a moving train was a negligent act.


Context: Leading case in American tort law.

Context: what does that law mean?

Context: Addresses torts in United States law.

Context: what is torts?

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: what kind of reforms are done in it?

Context: what is business related issue in it?

Context: who was the plaintiff in the case?

Context: Helen Palsgraf

Context: who was the judge in it?

Context: Benjamin Cardozo

Context: what was the appeal made at the start?

Context: LIRR argued that the verdict had been contrary to the law and the evidence an Palsgraf argued that the jury verdict finding negligence was supported by undisputed facts, and should not be questioned by the appellate courts.

Question: who is lirr?

Answer: Long Island Railroad

Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. [SEP] Background

At the time of the 1928 New York Court of Appeals decision in "Palsgraf", that state's case law followed a classical formation for negligence: the plaintiff had to show that the Long Island Railroad ("LIRR" or "the railroad") had a duty of care, and that she was injured through a breach of that duty. It was not required that she show that the duty owed was to her. Under New York precedent, the usual duty of utmost care that the railroad as a common carrier owed its customers did not apply to platforms and other parts of the station.


Context: Leading case in American tort law.

Context: what does that law mean?

Context: Addresses torts in United States law.

Context: what is torts?

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: what kind of reforms are done in it?

Context: what is business related issue in it?

Context: who was the plaintiff in the case?

Context: Helen Palsgraf

Context: who was the judge in it?

Context: Benjamin Cardozo

Context: what was the appeal made at the start?

Context: who is lirr?

Context: Long Island Railroad

Question: mention a few accidents it had?

Answer: Two trains collided in Maspeth, Queens, killing 16 people and injuring over 40.

Long Island Rail Road [SEP] Accidents and incidents

On August 26, 1893, two trains collided in Maspeth, Queens, killing 16 people and injuring over 40. On February 17, 1950, two trains collided head-on after an engineer on train 192 ignored an approach signal and the following red signals at Rockville Centre station, 32 died and more than 100 injured. At the time, it was the worst rail disaster in LIRR history. On November 22, 1950, two trains collided after one of the trains passed a red signal in Kew Gardens, 78 died, 363 injured making it the worst rail disaster in LIRR history.


Question: what is the language in the czech republic

Answer: Slavic language.

Explanation: Czech (; Czech ), historically also Bohemian (; "lingua Bohemica" in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group. Spoken by over 10 million people, it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of mutual intelligibility to a very high degree, as well as Polish. Like other Slavic languages, Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German.

Czech language [SEP] Introduction

In the later 18th to mid-19th century, the modern written standard became codified in the context of the Czech National Revival. The main non-standard variety, known as Common Czech, is based on the vernacular of Prague, but is now spoken as an interdialect throughout most of the Czech Republic. The Moravian dialects spoken in the eastern part of the country are also classified as Czech, although some of their eastern variants are closer to Slovak. Czech has a moderately-sized phoneme inventory, comprising ten monophthongs, three diphthongs and 25 consonants (divided into "hard", "neutral" and "soft" categories). Words may contain complicated consonant clusters or lack vowels altogether.


Context: what is the language in the czech republic

Context: Slavic language.

Question: in which places or countries' this language is spoken?

Answer: The Czech Republic.

Czech language [SEP] Introduction


Context: Slavic language.

Context: in which places or countries' this language is spoken?

Context: The Czech Republic.

Question: how is the climate there?

Answer: Oceanic climate, with warm summers and cold, cloudy and snowy winters.

Explanation:
The Czech Republic mostly has a temperate oceanic climate, with warm summers and cold, cloudy and snowy winters. The temperature difference between summer and winter is due to the landlocked geographical position.

Temperatures vary depending on the elevation. In general, at higher altitudes, the temperatures decrease and precipitation increases. The wettest area in the Czech Republic is found around Bílý Potok in Jizera Mountains and the driest region is the Louny District to the northwest of Prague. Another factor is the distribution of the mountains.

At the highest peak of Sněžka (), the average temperature is , whereas in the lowlands of the South Moravian Region, the average temperature is as high as . The country's capital, Prague, has a similar average temperature, although this is influenced by urban factors.

Czech Republic [SEP] Climate


Context: Slavic language.

Context: The Czech Republic.

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: Oceanic climate, with warm summers and cold, cloudy and snowy winters.

Question: which are major industries that contribute to its economy?

Answer: Škoda Auto, vinyl records manufacturer, Česká zbrojovka, Agrofert, Kofola and Hamé.

Explanation:
In 2018 the largest companies by revenue in the Czech Republic were: one of the car automobile manufacturers in Central Europe Škoda Auto, utility company ČEZ Group, conglomerate Agrofert, energy trading company EPH, oil processing company Unipetrol, electronics manufacturer Foxconn CZ and steel producer Moravia Steel. Other Czech transportation companies include: Škoda Transportation (tramways, trolleybuses, metro), Tatra (heavy trucks, the second oldest car maker in the world), Avia (medium trucks), Karosa and SOR Libchavy (buses), Aero Vodochody (military aircraft), Let Kunovice (civil aircraft), Zetor (tractors), Jawa Moto (motorcycles) and Čezeta (electric scooters).

Škoda Transportation is the fourth largest tramway producer in the world; nearly one third of all trams in the world come from Czech factories. The Czech Republic is also the world's largest vinyl records manufacturer, with GZ Media producing about 6 million pieces annually in Loděnice. Česká zbrojovka is among the t

Czech Republic [SEP] Industry


Context: Slavic language.

Context: The Czech Republic.

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: which are major industries that contribute to its economy?

Context: Škoda Auto, vinyl records manufacturer, Česká zbrojovka, Agrofert, Kofola and Hamé.

Question: what kind of cuisine do they have?

Answer: They emphasis on meat dishes with pork, beef and chicken. Goose, duck, rabbit, and venison.

Explanation:
Czech cuisine is marked by an emphasis on meat dishes with pork, beef and chicken. Goose, duck, rabbit and venison are served. Fish is less common, with the occasional exception of fresh trout and carp, which is served at Christmas.

Czech beer with the first brewery is known to have existed in 993 and the Czech Republic has the highest beer consumption per capita in the world. The "pilsner style beer" (pils) originated in Plzeň, where the world's first-ever blond lager Pilsner Urquell is still being produced, making it the inspiration for more than two-thirds of the beer produced in the world today. Further south the town of České Budějovice, lent its name to its beer, known as Budweiser Budvar.

Tourism is growing around the Southern Moravian region which has been producing wine since the Middle Ages; about 94% of vineyards in the Czech Republic are Moravian. Aside from slivovitz, Czech beer and wine, the Czechs also produce two liquors, Fernet Stock and Becherovka. Kofola is a non-a

Czech Republic [SEP] Cuisine


Context: Slavic language.

Context: The Czech Republic.

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: what kind of cuisine do they have?

Context: They emphasis on meat dishes with pork, beef and chicken. Goose, duck, rabbit, and venison.

Question: when was the first company from the above list founded?

Answer: In 1895.

Škoda Auto [SEP] Introduction

ŠKODA AUTO (), commonly called Škoda, is a Czech automobile manufacturer founded in 1895 as Laurin & Klement and headquartered in Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic. In 1925 Laurin & Klement was acquired by the industrial conglomerate Škoda Works, which itself became state owned in 1948. After 1991 it was gradually privatized to the German Volkswagen Group, in 1994 became its subsidiary and in 2000 a wholly owned subsidiary. Škoda automobiles are sold in over 100 countries and in 2018, total global sales reached 1.25 million units, an increase of 4.4% from the previous year. The operating profit was €1.6 billion in 2017, an increase of 34.6% over the previous year.


Context: Slavic language.

Context: The Czech Republic.

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: what kind of cuisine do they have?

Context: when was the first company from the above list founded?

Context: In 1895.

Question: where is it headquartered?

Answer: Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic.

Škoda Auto [SEP] Introduction


Context: Slavic language.

Context: The Czech Republic.

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: what kind of cuisine do they have?

Context: In 1895.

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic.

Question: what do they manufacture?

Answer: Škoda automobiles.

Explanation:
ŠKODA AUTO (), commonly called Škoda, is a Czech automobile manufacturer founded in 1895 as Laurin & Klement and headquartered in Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic.

In 1925 Laurin & Klement was acquired by the industrial conglomerate Škoda Works, which itself became state owned in 1948. After 1991 it was gradually privatized to the German Volkswagen Group, in 1994 became its subsidiary and in 2000 a wholly owned subsidiary.

Škoda automobiles are sold in over 100 countries and in 2018, total global sales reached 1.25 million units, an increase of 4.4% from the previous year. The operating profit was €1.6 billion in 2017, an increase of 34.6% over the previous year. As of 2017, Škoda's profit margin was the second highest of all VW Group brands after Porsche.

Škoda Auto [SEP] Introduction


Context: Slavic language.

Context: The Czech Republic.

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: what kind of cuisine do they have?

Context: In 1895.

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic.

Context: what do they manufacture?

Context: Škoda automobiles.

Question: who owned this company?

Answer: German Volkswagen Group.

Explanation: In 1925 Laurin & Klement was acquired by the industrial conglomerate Škoda Works, which itself became state owned in 1948. After 1991 it was gradually privatized to the German Volkswagen Group, in 1994 became its subsidiary and in 2000 a wholly owned subsidiary.

Škoda Auto [SEP] Introduction


Context: Slavic language.

Context: The Czech Republic.

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: what kind of cuisine do they have?

Context: In 1895.

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic.

Context: what do they manufacture?

Context: Škoda automobiles.

Context: who owned this company?

Context: German Volkswagen Group.

Question: what are the classification of the aforementioned language?

Answer: The Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family this branch includes Polish, Kashubian, Upper and Lower Sorbian and Slovak.

Explanation:
Czech is a member of the West Slavic sub-branch of the Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. This branch includes Polish, Kashubian, Upper and Lower Sorbian and Slovak. Slovak is the most closely related language to Czech, followed by Polish and Silesian.

The West Slavic languages are spoken in Central Europe. Czech is distinguished from other West Slavic languages by a more-restricted distinction between "hard" and "soft" consonants (see Phonology below).

Czech language [SEP] Classification


Question: who is vivien leigh?

Answer: She was a British stage and film actress.

Explanation: was a British stage and film actress.

Vivien Leigh [SEP] Introduction

Vivien Leigh (; 5 November 1913 – 8 July 1967; born Vivian Mary Hartley and styled as Lady Olivier after 1947) was a British stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her definitive performances as Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone with the Wind" (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of "A Streetcar Named Desire" (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of "Tovarich" (1963). After completing her drama school education, Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in "Fire Over England" (1937).


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: She was a British stage and film actress.

Question: where was she born?

Answer: In British India on the campus of St. Paul's School in Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency

Vivien Leigh [SEP] 1913–1934: Early life and acting debut

Leigh was born Vivian Mary Hartley on 5 November 1913 in British India on the campus of St. Paul's School in Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency. She was the only child of Ernest Richard Hartley, a British broker, and his wife, Gertrude Mary Frances (née Yackjee; she also used her mother's maiden name of Robinson). Her father was born in Scotland in 1882, while her mother, a devout Roman Catholic, was born in Darjeeling in 1888 and may have been of Irish and Armenian or Indian ancestry. Gertrude's parents, who lived in India, were Michael John Yackjee (born 1840), an Anglo-Indian man of independent means, and Mary Teresa Robinson (born 1856), who was born to an Irish family killed during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and grew up in an orphanage, where she met Yackjee; they married in 1872 and had five children, of whom Gertrude was the youngest.


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: where was she born?

Context: In British India on the campus of St. Paul's School in Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency

Question: what was her early career?

Answer: Actress

Vivien Leigh [SEP] 1935–1936: Early career

Leigh's friends suggested she take a small role as a schoolgirl in the film "Things Are Looking Up", which was her film debut, albeit uncredited as an extra. She engaged an agent, John Gliddon, who believed that "Vivian Holman" was not a suitable name for an actress. After rejecting his many suggestions, she took "Vivian Leigh" as her professional name. Gliddon recommended her to Alexander Korda as a possible film actress, but Korda rejected her as lacking potential. She was cast in the play "The Mask of Virtue", directed by Sidney Carroll in 1935, and received excellent reviews, followed by interviews and newspaper articles.


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: where was she born?

Context: what was her early career?

Context: Actress

Question: where did she began her acting career?

Answer: Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London

Explanation:
The family returned to Britain in 1931. She attended "A Connecticut Yankee", one of O'Sullivan's films playing in London's West End, and told her parents of her ambitions to become an actress. Shortly after, her father enrolled Vivian at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London.

Vivian met Herbert Leigh Holman, known as Leigh Holman, a barrister 13 years her senior, in 1931. Despite h

Shortly after, her father enrolled Vivian at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London. Vivian met Herbert Leigh Holman, known as Leigh Holman, a barrister 13 years her senior, in 1931. Despite his disapproval of "theatrical people", they married on 20 December 1932 and she terminated her studies at RADA, her attendance and interest in acting having already waned after meeting Holman. On 12 October 1933 in London, she gave birth to a daughter, Suzanne, later Mrs. Robin Farrington.


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: where was she born?

Context: what was her early career?

Context: Actress

Context: where did she began her acting career?

Context: Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London

Question: what are some additional facilities provided here?

Answer: Acting studios, a scenic art workshop with paint frame, costume workrooms and extensive costume store, dance and fight studios, design studios etc.,

Royal Academy of Dramatic Art [SEP] Other facilities

Other facilities at RADA include acting studios, a scenic art workshop with paint frame, costume workrooms and extensive costume store, dance and fight studios, design studios, wood and metal workshops, sound studios, rehearsal studios, and the RADA Foyer Bar, which includes a fully licensed bar, a café and a box office.


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: where was she born?

Context: what was her early career?

Context: Actress

Context: where did she began her acting career?

Context: what are some additional facilities provided here?

Context: Acting studios, a scenic art workshop with paint frame, costume workrooms and extensive costume store, dance and fight studios, design studios etc.,

Question: when did it establish?

Answer: 1904

Explanation: in 1904

Royal Academy of Dramatic Art [SEP] Introduction

The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA ) is a drama school in London, England that provides vocational conservatoire training for theatre, television, film, and radio. It is based in the Bloomsbury area of Central London, close to the Senate House complex of the University of London and is a founding member of the Federation of Drama Schools. It is one of the oldest drama schools in the United Kingdom, founded in 1904 by Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree. It moved to buildings on Gower Street in 1905. It was granted a Royal Charter in 1920 and a new theatre was built on Malet Street, behind the Gower Street buildings that was opened by Edward, Prince of Wales in 1921.


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: where was she born?

Context: what was her early career?

Context: Actress

Context: where did she began her acting career?

Context: when did it establish?

Question: who founded it?

Answer: Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree

Explanation: Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: where was she born?

Context: what was her early career?

Context: Actress

Context: where did she began her acting career?

Context: when did it establish?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Kensington, London

Explanation: Kensington, London

Herbert Beerbohm Tree [SEP] Early life and career

Born in Kensington, London as Herbert Draper Beerbohm, Tree was the second son and second child of Julius Ewald Edward Beerbohm (1810–1892) and his wife Constantia (née Draper) Beerbohm. The senior Beerbohm was of Lithuanian origin; he had come to England in about 1830 and set up and prospered as a corn merchant. Draper was an Englishwoman. They had four children. Tree's younger brother was the author and explorer Julius Beerbohm, and his sister was author Constance Beerbohm. A younger half-brother was the parodist and caricaturist Max Beerbohm, born from their father's second marriage. Max jokingly claimed that Herbert added the "Tree" to his name because it was easier for audiences than shouting "Beerbohm! Beerbohm!" at curtain calls.


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: where was she born?

Context: what was her early career?

Context: Actress

Context: where did she began her acting career?

Context: when did it establish?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree

Context: where was he born?

Context: Kensington, London

Question: which sporting activities can be seen in this place?

Answer: Football

Kensington [SEP] Sports

Kensington has one football team, Kensington Borough F.C., which currently plays in the Combined Counties Football League.


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: where was she born?

Context: what was her early career?

Context: Actress

Context: where did she began her acting career?

Context: when did it establish?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree

Context: where was he born?

Context: Kensington, London

Context: which sporting activities can be seen in this place?

Context: Football

Question: what is the medium of conveyance in this place?

Answer: Railway and bus services

Explanation: Kensington is well served by public transport. Most of Kensington is served by three stations in the Travelcard Zone 1: High Street Kensington, Gloucester Road and South Kensington. All three are served by the Circle line which connects them to London's railway terminals.

Kensington [SEP] Transport

Nearby West Kensington station takes its name from the former boundaries with Hammersmith and is not in the Borough. A number of local bus services link Kensington into the surrounding districts, and key hubs are Kensington High Street and South Kensington station. These bus services were improved in frequency and spread from 2007 until 2010 when the western extension of the London congestion charge area existed (which required drivers of cars and vans during the charging hours Monday-Friday to pay a daily fee of £8).


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: where was she born?

Context: what was her early career?

Context: Actress

Context: where did she began her acting career?

Context: when did it establish?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree

Context: where was he born?

Context: Kensington, London

Context: Football

Context: what is the medium of conveyance in this place?

Context: Railway and bus services

Question: where did the name of this place originate from?

Answer: The manor of "Chenesitone" is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086. Its early spelling is Kesyngton

Explanation: The manor of "Chenesitone" is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086, which in the Anglo-Saxon language means "Chenesi's ton" (homestead/settlement). One early spelling is "Kesyngton", as written in 1396.

Kensington [SEP] Name


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: where was she born?

Context: what was her early career?

Context: Actress

Context: where did she began her acting career?

Context: when did it establish?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree

Context: where was he born?

Context: Kensington, London

Context: Football

Context: Railway and bus services

Context: where did the name of this place originate from?

Context: The manor of "Chenesitone" is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086. Its early spelling is Kesyngton

Question: when did this book publish?

Answer: 1086

Domesday Book [SEP] Introduction

Domesday Book ( or ; Latin: "Liber de Wintonia" "Book of Winchester") is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror. The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" states: Then, at the midwinter [1085], was the king in Gloucester with his council ... . After this had the king a large meeting, and very deep consultation with his council, about this land; how it was occupied, and by what sort of men. Then sent he his men over all England into each shire; commissioning them to find out "How many hundreds of hides were in the shire, what land the king himself had, and what stock upon the land; or, what dues he ought to have by the year from the shire." Written in Medieval Latin, it was highly abbreviated and included some vernacular native terms without Latin equivalents.


Context: who is vivien leigh?

Context: where was she born?

Context: what was her early career?

Context: Actress

Context: where did she began her acting career?

Context: when did it establish?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree

Context: where was he born?

Context: Kensington, London

Context: Football

Context: Railway and bus services

Context: when did this book publish?

Question: name few works similar to this

Answer: Catalogus Baronum

Explanation: "Catalogus Baronum

Domesday Book [SEP] Similar works

In a parallel development, around 1100 the Normans in southern Italy completed their "Catalogus Baronum" based on Domesday Book. The original manuscript was destroyed in the Second World War, but printed copies survive.


Question: the arabian horse is an example of what type of breed

Answer: Horse breeds

Arabian horse [SEP] Introduction

They are one of the top ten most popular horse breeds in the world. They are now found worldwide, including the United States and Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, continental Europe, South America (especially Brazil), and their land of origin, the Middle East.


Context: the arabian horse is an example of what type of breed

Context: Horse breeds

Question: where is it found?

Answer: Arabian Peninsula

Arabian horse [SEP] Introduction

The Arabian or Arab horse ( , DMG "ḥiṣān ʿarabī") is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula. With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world. It is also one of the oldest breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses in the Middle East that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years. Throughout history, Arabian horses have spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone. Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse.


Context: Horse breeds

Context: where is it found?

Context: Arabian Peninsula

Question: do they have any genetic disorders?

Answer: Yes, there are six known genetic disorders in Arabian horses

Arabian horse [SEP] Genetic disorders

There are six known genetic disorders in Arabian horses. Two are inevitably fatal, two are not inherently fatal but are disabling and usually result in euthanasia of the affected animal; the remaining conditions can usually be treated. Three are thought to be autosomal recessive conditions, which means that the flawed gene is not sex-linked and has to come from both parents for an affected foal to be born; the others currently lack sufficient research data to determine the precise mode of inheritance. Arabians are not the only breed of horse to have problems with inherited diseases; fatal or disabling genetic conditions also exist in many other breeds, including the American Quarter Horse, American Paint Horse, American Saddlebred, Appaloosa, Miniature horse, and Belgian.


Context: Horse breeds

Context: where is it found?

Context: Arabian Peninsula

Context: do they have any genetic disorders?

Context: Yes, there are six known genetic disorders in Arabian horses

Question: can you name any?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Arabian horse [SEP] Genetic disorders


Context: Horse breeds

Context: where is it found?

Context: Arabian Peninsula

Context: do they have any genetic disorders?

Context: can you name any?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what can you tell me about their skeletal analysis?

Answer: A quality Arabian has both a relatively horizontal croup and a properly angled pelvis as well as good croup length and depth to the hip, that allows agility and impulsion

Arabian horse [SEP] Skeletal analysis

Some Arabians, though not all, have 5 lumbar vertebrae instead of the usual 6, and 17 pairs of ribs rather than 18. A quality Arabian has both a relatively horizontal croup and a properly angled pelvis as well as good croup length and depth to the hip (determined by the length of the pelvis), that allows agility and impulsion. A misconception confuses the topline of the croup with the angle of the "hip" (the pelvis or ilium), leading some to assert that Arabians have a flat pelvis angle and cannot use their hindquarters properly. However, the croup is formed by the sacral vertebrae.


Context: Horse breeds

Context: where is it found?

Context: Arabian Peninsula

Context: do they have any genetic disorders?

Context: can you name any?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what can you tell me about their skeletal analysis?

Context: A quality Arabian has both a relatively horizontal croup and a properly angled pelvis as well as good croup length and depth to the hip, that allows agility and impulsion

Question: what is their role in islamic history?

Answer: Arabian horses also spread to the rest of the world via the Ottoman Empire, which rose in 1299

Arabian horse [SEP] In Islamic history

Following the Hijra in AD 622 (also sometimes spelled Hegira), the Arabian horse spread across the known world of the time, and became recognized as a distinct, named breed. It played a significant role in the History of the Middle East and of Islam. By 630, Muslim influence expanded across the Middle East and North Africa, by 711 Muslim warriors had reached Spain, and they controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula by 720. Their war horses were of various oriental types, including both Arabians and the Barb horse of North Africa. Arabian horses also spread to the rest of the world via the Ottoman Empire, which rose in 1299.


Context: Horse breeds

Context: where is it found?

Context: Arabian Peninsula

Context: do they have any genetic disorders?

Context: can you name any?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is their role in islamic history?

Context: Arabian horses also spread to the rest of the world via the Ottoman Empire, which rose in 1299

Question: are they used in any competitions?

Answer: Yes, the Tevis Cup and the World Equestrian Games

Arabian horse [SEP] Competition

Arabians dominate the sport of endurance riding because of their stamina. They are the leading breed in competitions such as the Tevis Cup that can cover up to in a day, and they participate in FEI-sanctioned endurance events worldwide, including the World Equestrian Games. There is an extensive series of horse shows in the United States and Canada for Arabian, Half-Arabian, and Anglo-Arabian horses, sanctioned by the USEF in conjunction with the Arabian Horse Association. Classes offered include Western pleasure, reining, hunter type and saddle seat English pleasure, and halter, plus the very popular "Native" costume class. "Sport horse" events for Arabian horses have become popular in North America, particularly after the Arabian Horse Association began hosting a separate Arabian and Half Arabian Sport Horse National Championship in 2003 that by 2004 grew to draw 2000 entries.


Context: Horse breeds

Context: where is it found?

Context: Arabian Peninsula

Context: do they have any genetic disorders?

Context: can you name any?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is their role in islamic history?

Context: are they used in any competitions?

Context: Yes, the Tevis Cup and the World Equestrian Games

Question: can you tell me about the former competition?

Answer: It is a 100-mile endurance ride

Tevis Cup [SEP] Introduction

The Western States Trail Ride, popularly called The Tevis Cup, is a 100-mile endurance ride. The amateur event has been held annually since 1955 except in 2008 when it was cancelled due to forest fires. The ride is sanctioned by the American Endurance Ride Conference (AERC) which has recognized Tevis as the founding ride of endurance riding. The ride is sponsored by the Western States Trail Foundation (WSTF).


Context: Horse breeds

Context: where is it found?

Context: Arabian Peninsula

Context: do they have any genetic disorders?

Context: can you name any?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is their role in islamic history?

Context: are they used in any competitions?

Context: can you tell me about the former competition?

Context: It is a 100-mile endurance ride

Question: when did the event take place initially?

Answer: 1955

Explanation: The amateur event has been held annually since 1955 except in 2008 when it was cancelled due to forest fires.

Tevis Cup [SEP] Introduction


Context: Horse breeds

Context: where is it found?

Context: Arabian Peninsula

Context: do they have any genetic disorders?

Context: can you name any?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is their role in islamic history?

Context: are they used in any competitions?

Context: It is a 100-mile endurance ride

Context: when did the event take place initially?

Question: what are the uses of the above mentioned breed?

Answer: Western pleasure, hunt seat, dressage, cutting, reining, endurance riding

Arabian horse [SEP] Uses

Arabians are versatile horses that compete in many equestrian fields, including horse racing, the horse show disciplines of saddle seat, Western pleasure, and hunt seat, as well as dressage, cutting, reining, endurance riding, show jumping, eventing, youth events such as equitation, and others. They are used as pleasure riding, trail riding, and working ranch horses for those who are not interested in competition.


Question: who voiced the evil queen in snow white

Answer: Lucille La Verne.

Evil Queen (Disney) [SEP] Introduction

The Queen dies in the film, but lives on in a variety of non-canonical Disney works. The film's version of the Queen was created by Walt Disney and Joe Grant, and originally animated by Art Babbitt and voiced by Lucille La Verne. Inspiration for her design came from the characters of Queen Hash-a-Motep from "She" and Princess Kriemhild from "Die Nibelungen". The Queen has since been voiced by Eleanor Audley, June Foray, Janet Waldo, Eda Reiss Merin, Louise Chamis and Susanne Blakeslee, and was portrayed live by Anne Francine (musical), Jane Curtin (50th anniversary TV special), Olivia Wilde ("Disney Dream Portraits"), and Kathy Najimy ("Descendants").


Context:
who voiced the evil queen in snow white
Lucille La Verne.

Question: is the queen a part of theme park attractions?

Answer: Yes

Evil Queen (Disney) [SEP] Disney theme park attractions

The Queen is a primary character in the Disneyland rides Snow White's Scary Adventures (first opened in 1955), where she is seen more than any other character in all four versions of the ride, recreating a number of scenes from the film, sometimes including the torture chamber from an abandoned concept, with "a few skeletons of her past victims." In one new scene, she turns into a hag while standing in front of the mirror (back to the visitors) and intoning: "Magic Mirror on the wall, with this disguise I'll fool them all!" She also appears in her hag form at the roller coaster Seven Dwarfs Mine Train, first opened in 2014.


Context: who voiced the evil queen in snow white

Context: Lucille La Verne.

Context: is the queen a part of theme park attractions?

Context: Yes

Question: which park?

Answer: Disneyland


Context: who voiced the evil queen in snow white

Context: Lucille La Verne.

Context: Yes

Context: which park?

Context: Disneyland

Question: which other fairytale characters can be seen there?

Answer: Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse and Goofy, as well as Donald Duck

Disneyland [SEP] Mickey's Toontown

Mickey's Toontown opened in 1993 and was partly inspired by the fictional Los Angeles suburb of Toontown in the Touchstone Pictures 1988 release "Who Framed Roger Rabbit". Mickey's Toontown is based on a 1930s cartoon aesthetic and is home to Disney's most popular cartoon characters. Toontown features two main attractions: Gadget's Go Coaster and Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin. The "city" is also home to cartoon character's houses such as the house of Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse and Goofy, as well as Donald Duck's boat. The gauge Jolly Trolley can also be found in this area, though it closed as an attraction in 2003 and is now present only for display purposes.


Context: who voiced the evil queen in snow white

Context: Lucille La Verne.

Context: Yes

Context: which park?

Context: Disneyland

Context: which other fairytale characters can be seen there?

Context: Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse and Goofy, as well as Donald Duck

Question: does the park have any rides related to any non fairy tale movie series?

Answer: Yes, "Star Wars"

Disneyland [SEP] "Star Wars": Galaxy's Edge

"Star Wars": Galaxy's Edge is set within the "Star Wars" universe, in the Black Spire Outpost village on the remote frontier planet of Batuu. Attractions include the and . The land opened in 2019, replacing Big Thunder Ranch and former backstage areas.


Context: who voiced the evil queen in snow white

Context: Lucille La Verne.

Context: Yes

Context: which park?

Context: Disneyland

Context: does the park have any rides related to any non fairy tale movie series?

Context: Yes, "Star Wars"

Question: when did the first fairytale character in above list appear in color films?

Answer: 1932

Mickey Mouse [SEP] Color films (1935–1953)

Mickey first appeared animated in color in "Parade of the Award Nominees" in 1932, however, the film strip was created for the 5th Academy Awards ceremony and was not released to the public. Mickey's official first color film came in 1935 with "The Band Concert". The Technicolor film process was used in the film production. Here Mickey conducted the "William Tell Overture", but the band is swept up by a tornado. It is said that conductor Arturo Toscanini so loved this short that, upon first seeing it, he asked the projectionist to run it again. In 1994, "The Band Concert" was voted the third-greatest cartoon of all time in a poll of animation professionals.


Context: who voiced the evil queen in snow white

Context: Lucille La Verne.

Context: Yes

Context: which park?

Context: Disneyland

Context: Yes, "Star Wars"

Context: when did the first fairytale character in above list appear in color films?

Question: has the character been associated with politics in any way?

Answer: Since most states' electoral systems do not provide for blank balloting or a choice of "None of the Above", most protest votes take the form of a clearly non-serious candidate's name entered as a write-in vote. Here it is Mickey

Mickey Mouse [SEP] Use in politics

In the United States, protest votes are often made in order to indicate dissatisfaction with the slate of candidates presented on a particular ballot or to highlight the inadequacies of a particular voting procedure. Since most states' electoral systems do not provide for blank balloting or a choice of "None of the Above", most protest votes take the form of a clearly non-serious candidate's name entered as a write-in vote. Mickey Mouse is often selected for this purpose. As an election supervisor in Georgia observed, "If Mickey Mouse doesn't get votes in our election, it's a bad election." The earliest known mention of Mickey Mouse as a write-in candidate dates back to the 1932 New York City mayoral elections.


Context: who voiced the evil queen in snow white

Context: Lucille La Verne.

Context: Yes

Context: which park?

Context: Disneyland

Context: Yes, "Star Wars"

Context: has the character been associated with politics in any way?

Context: Since most states' electoral systems do not provide for blank balloting or a choice of "None of the Above", most protest votes take the form of a clearly non-serious candidate's name entered as a write-in vote. Here it is Mickey

Question: who is the second character from the list?

Answer: Minnie Mouse is a cartoon character

Minnie Mouse [SEP] Introduction

Minnie Mouse is a cartoon character created in 1928 at Walt Disney Animation Studios. As the girlfriend of Mickey Mouse, she is an anthropomorphic mouse with white gloves, a bow, dress, and low-heeled shoes occasionally with ribbons on them. The "Mickey Mouse" comic strip story "The Gleam" (published January 19 – May 2, 1942) by Merrill De Maris and Floyd Gottfredson first gave her full name as Minerva Mouse, although this is seldom used. The comic strip story "Mr. Slicker and the Egg Robbers" (published September 22 – December 26, 1930) introduced her father Marcus Mouse and her unnamed mother, both farmers.


Context: who voiced the evil queen in snow white

Context: Lucille La Verne.

Context: Yes

Context: which park?

Context: Disneyland

Context: Yes, "Star Wars"

Context: who is the second character from the list?

Context: Minnie Mouse is a cartoon character

Question: what are the first, third and fourth character together known as?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Minnie Mouse [SEP] Introduction


Question: who is william de st-calais?

Answer: A medieval Norman monk.

William de St-Calais [SEP] Introduction

William de St-Calais (died 2 January 1096) was a medieval Norman monk, abbot of the in Le Mans in Maine, who was nominated by King William I of England as Bishop of Durham in 1080. During his term as bishop, St-Calais replaced the canons of his cathedral chapter with monks, and began the construction of Durham Cathedral. In addition to his ecclesiastical duties, he served as a commissioner for the "Domesday Book". He was also a councilor and advisor to both King William I and his son, King William II, known as William Rufus. Following William Rufus' accession to the throne in 1087, St-Calais is considered by scholars to have been the new king's chief advisor.


Context:
who is william de st-calais?
A medieval Norman monk.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Bayeux.

William de St-Calais [SEP] Early life

St-Calais was a Norman, and a native of Bayeux; he may have been a member of one of its clerical dynasties. His mother's name, Ascelina or Anselma, is given in Durham's records; his father, whose name is unknown, became a monk at the monastery of Saint-Calais in Maine, and may previously have been a knight. Although St-Calais is generally referred to as Saint Calais or St-Calais, the main source of information about his life, the monastic chronicle of Symeon of Durham, does not call him such. St-Calais studied under Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, the half-brother of the future William I of England, who was then Duke of Normandy.


Context:
who is william de st-calais?
A medieval Norman monk.
where was he born?
Bayeux.

Question: where is it located?

Answer: France.

Bayeux [SEP] Introduction

Bayeux () is a commune in the Calvados department in Normandy in northwestern France. Bayeux is the home of the Bayeux Tapestry, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England. It is also known as the first major town secured by the Allies during Operation Overlord. Charles de Gaulle made two famous speeches in this town.


Context:
who is william de st-calais?
A medieval Norman monk.
where was he born?
Bayeux.
where is it located?
France.

Question: name a few tourist attractions?

Answer: Jardin botanique de Bayeux and Bayeux tapestry.

Bayeux [SEP] Sights

Bayeux is a major tourist attraction, best known to British and French visitors for the Bayeux tapestry, made to commemorate events in the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. According to tradition, the tapestry was made by the attendants of Matilda of Flanders, wife of William the Conqueror. In fact, it may have been designed and stitched in England. It is displayed in a museum in the town centre. The large Norman-Romanesque and Gothic Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Bayeux, consecrated in 1077, was arguably the original home of the tapestry where William's half-brother Odo of Bayeux (represented on the tapestry with a wooden club at the Battle of Hastings), would have had it displayed.


Context: who is william de st-calais?

Context: A medieval Norman monk.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bayeux.

Context: where is it located?

Context: France.

Context: name a few tourist attractions?

Context: Jardin botanique de Bayeux and Bayeux tapestry.

Question: what is the former?

Answer: A botanical garden.

Explanation: The Jardin botanique de Bayeux is a botanical garden dating from 1864.

Bayeux [SEP] Sights


Context: who is william de st-calais?

Context: A medieval Norman monk.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bayeux.

Context: where is it located?

Context: France.

Context: name a few tourist attractions?

Context: what is the former?

Context: A botanical garden.

Question: what type of garden is it?

Answer: A  garden dedicated to the collection and display of a wide range of plants.

Botanical garden [SEP] Introduction

A botanical garden or botanic garden is a garden dedicated to the collection, cultivation, preservation and display of a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names. It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may be greenhouses, shadehouses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants. Visitor services at a botanical garden might include tours, educational displays, art exhibitions, book rooms, open-air theatrical and musical performances, and other entertainment. Botanical gardens are often run by universities or other scientific research organizations, and often have associated herbaria and research programmes in plant taxonomy or some other aspect of botanical science.


Context: who is william de st-calais?

Context: A medieval Norman monk.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bayeux.

Context: where is it located?

Context: France.

Context: name a few tourist attractions?

Context: what is the former?

Context: A botanical garden.

Context: what type of garden is it?

Context: A  garden dedicated to the collection and display of a wide range of plants.

Question: can you name some of the famous gardens in new zealand?

Answer: Dunedin Botanic Gardens, Christchurch Botanic Gardens, and Wellington Botanic Gardens.

Explanation: Major botanical gardens in New Zealand include Dunedin Botanic Gardens, 1863; Christchurch Botanic Gardens, 1863; and Wellington Botanic Gardens, 1868.

Botanical garden [SEP] New Zealand


Context: who is william de st-calais?

Context: A medieval Norman monk.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bayeux.

Context: where is it located?

Context: France.

Context: name a few tourist attractions?

Context: what is the former?

Context: A botanical garden.

Context: what type of garden is it?

Context: can you name some of the famous gardens in new zealand?

Context: Dunedin Botanic Gardens, Christchurch Botanic Gardens, and Wellington Botanic Gardens.

Question: where is the second one located?

Answer: Christchurch.

Christchurch Botanic Gardens [SEP] Introduction

The Christchurch Botanic Gardens, located in the central city of Christchurch, New Zealand, were founded in 1863 when an English oak was planted to commemorate the solemnisation of the marriage of Prince Albert and Princess Alexandra of Denmark. The Gardens sprawl over an area of 21 hectares and lie adjacent to the loop of the Avon River next to Hagley Park. The Christchurch Botanic Gardens have a variety of collection of exotic and local plants of New Zealand. Some of the many attractions of these beautiful Gardens include:


Context: who is william de st-calais?

Context: A medieval Norman monk.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bayeux.

Context: where is it located?

Context: France.

Context: name a few tourist attractions?

Context: what is the former?

Context: A botanical garden.

Context: what type of garden is it?

Context: where is the second one located?

Context: Christchurch.

Question: when was it founded?

Answer: In 1863.

Explanation: The Christchurch Botanic Gardens, located in the central city of Christchurch, New Zealand, were founded in 1863 when an English oak was planted to commemorate the solemnisation of the marriage of Prince Albert and Princess Alexandra of Denmark.


Context: who is william de st-calais?

Context: A medieval Norman monk.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bayeux.

Context: where is it located?

Context: France.

Context: name a few tourist attractions?

Context: what is the former?

Context: A botanical garden.

Context: what type of garden is it?

Context: where is the second one located?

Context: Christchurch.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: In 1863.

Question: how big is it?

Answer: 21 hectares.

Explanation: The Gardens sprawl over an area of 21 hectares


Context: who is william de st-calais?

Context: A medieval Norman monk.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bayeux.

Context: where is it located?

Context: France.

Context: name a few tourist attractions?

Context: what is the former?

Context: A botanical garden.

Context: what type of garden is it?

Context: where is the second one located?

Context: Christchurch.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: In 1863.

Context: how big is it?

Context: 21 hectares.

Question: is the region a city or a state?

Answer: A city.


Context: who is william de st-calais?

Context: A medieval Norman monk.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bayeux.

Context: where is it located?

Context: France.

Context: name a few tourist attractions?

Context: what is the former?

Context: A botanical garden.

Context: what type of garden is it?

Context: where is the second one located?

Context: Christchurch.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: In 1863.

Context: how big is it?

Context: 21 hectares.

Context: is the region a city or a state?

Context: A city.

Question: had the city initiated any exploration?

Answer: Yes, by Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton from the region.

Christchurch [SEP] Antarctic exploration

Christchurch has a history of involvement in Antarctic exploration – both Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton used the port of Lyttelton as a departure point for expeditions, and in the central city there is a statue of Scott sculpted by his widow, Kathleen Scott. Within the city, the Canterbury Museum preserves and exhibits many historic artefacts and stories of Antarctic exploration. The International Antarctic Centre provides both base facilities and a museum and visitor centre focused upon current Antarctic activities. The United States Navy and United States Air National Guard, augmented by the New Zealand and Australian air forces, use Christchurch Airport as the take-off point for the main supply route to McMurdo and Scott Bases in Antarctica.


Context: who is william de st-calais?

Context: A medieval Norman monk.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bayeux.

Context: where is it located?

Context: France.

Context: name a few tourist attractions?

Context: what is the former?

Context: A botanical garden.

Context: what type of garden is it?

Context: where is the second one located?

Context: Christchurch.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: In 1863.

Context: how big is it?

Context: 21 hectares.

Context: is the region a city or a state?

Context: A city.

Context: had the city initiated any exploration?

Context: Yes, by Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton from the region.

Question: what was the profession of the former?

Answer: A Royal Navy officer and explorer.

Explanation: Robert Falcon Scott (6 June 1868 – c. 29 March 1912) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer who led two expeditions to the Antarctic region

Robert Falcon Scott [SEP] Introduction

When Scott and his party's bodies were discovered, they had in their possession the first Antarctic fossils ever discovered. The fossils were determined to be from the "Glossopteris" tree and proved that Antarctica was once forested and joined to other continents. Before his appointment to lead the "Discovery" expedition, Scott had followed the career of a naval officer in the Royal Navy. In 1899, he had a chance encounter with Sir Clements Markham, the president of the Royal Geographical Society, and thus learned of a planned Antarctic expedition, which he soon volunteered to lead. Having taken this step, his name became inseparably associated with the Antarctic, the field of work to which he remained committed during the final 12 years of his life.


Context: who is william de st-calais?

Context: A medieval Norman monk.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bayeux.

Context: where is it located?

Context: France.

Context: name a few tourist attractions?

Context: what is the former?

Context: A botanical garden.

Context: what type of garden is it?

Context: where is the second one located?

Context: Christchurch.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: In 1863.

Context: how big is it?

Context: 21 hectares.

Context: is the region a city or a state?

Context: A city.

Context: had the city initiated any exploration?

Context: what was the profession of the former?

Context: A Royal Navy officer and explorer.

Question: did he have any conflict with the latter?

Answer: Yes, he was against the latter's plan to explore McMurdo Sound base.

Robert Falcon Scott [SEP] Dispute with Shackleton

By early 1906, Scott queried the RGS about the possible funding of a future Antarctic expedition. It was therefore unwelcome news to him that Ernest Shackleton had announced his own plans to travel to "Discovery"s old McMurdo Sound base and launch a bid for the South Pole from there. Scott claimed, in the first of a series of letters to Shackleton, that the area around McMurdo was his own "field of work" to which he had prior rights until he chose to give them up, and that Shackleton should therefore work from an entirely different area. In this, he was strongly supported by "Discovery"s former zoologist, Edward Wilson, who asserted that Scott's rights extended to the entire Ross Sea sector.


Question: who is keith miller?

Answer: Miller was an all-rounder: a right-arm opening fast bowler and a right-handed middle-order batsman.

Keith Miller with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948 [SEP] Introduction

Keith Miller was a member of Donald Bradman's famous Australian cricket team, which toured England in 1948 and went undefeated in its 34 matches. This unprecedented feat by a Test side touring England earned the Australians the sobriquet "The Invincibles". Miller was an all-rounder: a right-arm opening fast bowler and a right-handed middle-order batsman. With Ray Lindwall, he formed Australia's first-choice opening attack, a combination regarded as one of the best of all time. Miller was also a skillful slip fielder, regarded by his captain as the best in the world. Miller played a vital role in the side's success in the Test series, particularly with the ball.


Context: who is keith miller?

Context: Miller was an all-rounder: a right-arm opening fast bowler and a right-handed middle-order batsman.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Western Melbourne suburb of Sunshine.

Keith Miller [SEP] Early years

Born on 28 November 1919 in the western Melbourne suburb of Sunshine, Miller was the youngest of Leslie and Edith Miller's four children. He was named after the Australian pioneer aviator brothers Keith and Ross Smith, who were half-way through their historic flight from England to Australia at the time Miller was born. The three Miller boys played Australian rules football in winter and cricket in summer. Their father had been a successful local cricketer and taught the boys to play with an orthodox and classical technique, relying on a solid defence and concentration in the mould of Bill Ponsford.


Context: who is keith miller?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Western Melbourne suburb of Sunshine.

Question: what's the name of the cricket team he was part of in 1948?

Answer: Australian cricket team.

Keith Miller with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948

Explanation: Keith Miller was a member of Donald Bradman's famous Australian cricket team, which toured England in 1948 and went undefeated in its 34 matches.


Context: who is keith miller?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Western Melbourne suburb of Sunshine.

Context: what's the name of the cricket team he was part of in 1948?

Context: Australian cricket team.

Question: who was the captain of the team that time?

Answer: Donald Bradman.

Keith Miller with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948


Context: who is keith miller?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Western Melbourne suburb of Sunshine.

Context: Australian cricket team.

Context: who was the captain of the team that time?

Context: Donald Bradman.

Question: who won the match when they were at that country in 1948?

Answer: They did.

Keith Miller with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948


Context: who is keith miller?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Western Melbourne suburb of Sunshine.

Context: Australian cricket team.

Context: Donald Bradman.

Context: who won the match when they were at that country in 1948?

Context: They did.

Question: which other countries did they tour after that?

Answer: India and West Indies.

Keith Miller [SEP] Services tour of India

Miller, the vice-captain, almost missed the trip to India after turning up late for the voyage. On arrival in India, Miller scored 46 in a draw against North Zone. Miller then captained the Australians in a match against West Zone in Bombay, top-scoring with 106 in a high-scoring draw. In a match against India, Miller took two wickets. At this point, with most of the team suffering from dysentery and the leadership not permitting the team to travel by air, some of the RAAF personnel felt that Hassett should be removed from the captaincy, with Miller as one of the candidates to replace him.


Context: who is keith miller?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Western Melbourne suburb of Sunshine.

Context: Australian cricket team.

Context: Donald Bradman.

Context: They did.

Context: which other countries did they tour after that?

Context: India and West Indies.

Question: did they win the match against the first country mentioned above?

Answer: They played 4 matches and won only one.

In the second match against India, Services were 2/250 in response to India's 386 when Miller came in and scored 82, including four sixes in five balls. The match ended in a draw and Miller aggravating an injury. Miller took 3/19 against South Zone in Madras, the Australians' only win in India. He failed with the bat in the third and final match against India, scoring two and seven, but he took 2/60 in the first innings as India took the series 1–0. Overall, Miller had a disappointing series in the international matches, with 107 runs at 26.25 and four wickets at 40.50.


Context: who is keith miller?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Western Melbourne suburb of Sunshine.

Context: Australian cricket team.

Context: Donald Bradman.

Context: They did.

Context: India and West Indies.

Context: did they win the match against the first country mentioned above?

Context: They played 4 matches and won only one.

Question: name some of the players who played in the match in the first country mentioned above

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who is keith miller?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Western Melbourne suburb of Sunshine.

Context: Australian cricket team.

Context: Donald Bradman.

Context: They did.

Context: India and West Indies.

Context: They played 4 matches and won only one.

Context: name some of the players who played in the match in the first country mentioned above

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what was miller's nickname?

Answer: Nugget.

Keith Miller [SEP] Introduction

Keith Ross Miller, (28 November 1919 – 11 October 2004) was an Australian Test cricketer and a Royal Australian Air Force pilot during World War II. Miller is widely regarded as Australia's greatest ever all-rounder. His ability, irreverent manner and good looks made him a crowd favourite. English journalist Ian Wooldridge called Miller "the golden boy" of cricket, leading to his being nicknamed "Nugget". He "was more than a cricketer ... he embodied the idea that there was more to life than cricket". A member of the record-breaking "Invincibles", at the time of his retirement from Test cricket in 1956, Miller had the best statistics of any all-rounder in cricket history.


Context: who is keith miller?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Western Melbourne suburb of Sunshine.

Context: Australian cricket team.

Context: Donald Bradman.

Context: They did.

Context: India and West Indies.

Context: They played 4 matches and won only one.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was miller's nickname?

Context: Nugget.

Question: which year did he pass away?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Keith Miller [SEP] Introduction


Question: who sings what in what makes you beautiful

Answer: The band - One Direction

What Makes You Beautiful [SEP] Introduction

"What Makes You Beautiful" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction. It served as their debut single and lead single from their debut studio album, "Up All Night" (2011). Written by Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub, the song was released by Syco Records on 11 September 2011. The uptempo power pop track features a prominent guitar-based chorus and riff. The middle eight consists of a "na na na" hook. "What Makes You Beautiful" was a commercial success, reaching number one in several countries. It has been certified quadruple platinum in the US with sales of 4.8 million copies as of June 2016.


Context: who sings what in what makes you beautiful

Context: The band - One Direction

Question: who are the members of this band ?

Answer: Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson. Zayn Malik was a former member.

One Direction [SEP] Introduction

One Direction, often shortened to 1D, are an English-Irish pop boy band formed in London, England in 2010. The group are composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson; former member Zayn Malik departed from the group in 2015. The group signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition "The X Factor" in 2010. Propelled to global success by social media, One Direction's five albums, "Up All Night" (2011), "Take Me Home" (2012), "Midnight Memories" (2013), "Four" (2014), and "Made in the A.M." (2015), topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including "What Makes You Beautiful" (their first number one on the UK Singles Chart, and the highest debut for a British act on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 since 1998), "Live While We're Young", "Best Song Ever", "Story of My Life" and "Drag Me Down".


Context: The band - One Direction

Context: who are the members of this band ?

Context: Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson. Zayn Malik was a former member.

Question: was the above mentioned song performed live ?

Answer: Yes, a number of times.

What Makes You Beautiful [SEP] Live performances

One Direction performed "What Makes You Beautiful" for the first time on "Red or Black?" on 10 September 2011. The performance started with hosts Ant & Dec announcing that the band was supposedly running late for their appearance, and cut to a video of One Direction boarding a London Tube carriage full of fans, as the studio version of the song began playing. Each fan on the tube was given a numbered ticket. The band and fans disembarked the tube and made their way to the television studio, where the remainder of the song was sung live. After the song, Styles caught a numbered ticket raining onstage.


Context: The band - One Direction

Context: who are the members of this band ?

Context: was the above mentioned song performed live ?

Context: Yes, a number of times.

Question: who composed the song ?

Answer: It was written by Savan Kotecha and Carl Falk, instrumentation was done by Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk and Serban Ghenea handled the audio mixing.

What Makes You Beautiful [SEP] Background and production

"What Makes You Beautiful" was written by Savan Kotecha and Carl Falk, and was produced by Yacoub and Falk. Instrumentation was completed by Falk and Yacoub. Serban Ghenea handled the audio mixing, Tom Coyne the audio mastering, and John Hanes the mix engineering, for which Phil Seaford served as the assistant. Discussing the song's conception, Kotecha said: After recording the song at Cosmos Studios and Kinglet Studios in Stockholm, Sweden, the band felt relieved to have a song that they were happy to release as their debut single. Band member Liam Payne called the song "perfect", and Harry Styles said, "When we were recording in the studio we knew instantly that we wanted this track to be our first single." Styles spoke to MTV News, "I think for us we wanted to release something that wasn't cheesy but it was fun.


Context: The band - One Direction

Context: who are the members of this band ?

Context: Yes, a number of times.

Context: who composed the song ?

Context: It was written by Savan Kotecha and Carl Falk, instrumentation was done by Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk and Serban Ghenea handled the audio mixing.

Question: when was the song released ?

Answer: 2011

Explanation: It served as their debut single and lead single from their debut studio album, "Up All Night" (2011).


Context: The band - One Direction

Context: who are the members of this band ?

Context: Yes, a number of times.

Context: who composed the song ?

Context: when was the song released ?

Question: name some other songs released by the band ?

Answer: "Live While We're Young", "Best Song Ever", "Story of My Life" and "Drag Me Down" to name a few.

Explanation: Propelled to global success by social media, One Direction's five albums, "Up All Night" (2011), "Take Me Home" (2012), "Midnight Memories" (2013), "Four" (2014), and "Made in the A.M." (2015), topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including "What Makes You Beautiful" (their first number one on the UK Singles Chart, and the highest debut for a British act on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 since 1998), "Live While We're Young", "Best Song Ever", "Story of My Life" and "Drag Me Down". After the release of "Four", One Direction became the first band in the US "Billboard" 200 history to have their first four albums debut at number one. Their third album, "Midnight Memories", was the best-selling album worldwide of 2013.

One Direction [SEP] Introduction


Context: The band - One Direction

Context: who are the members of this band ?

Context: Yes, a number of times.

Context: who composed the song ?

Context: when was the song released ?

Context: name some other songs released by the band ?

Context: "Live While We're Young", "Best Song Ever", "Story of My Life" and "Drag Me Down" to name a few.

Question: the first song mentioned when was it released ?

Answer: 2012

Live While We're Young [SEP] Introduction

"Live While We're Young" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction, released as the lead single from their second studio album, "Take Me Home" (2012). Written by Topper Headon, Mick Jones, Paul Simonon, Joe Strummer, Savan Kotecha and its producers, Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk, the number was released by Syco Records on 28 September 2012. Falk, Kotecha, and Yacoub had collaboratively helmed One Direction's previous hits, "What Makes You Beautiful" and "One Thing". The track is an uptempo, upbeat bubblegum pop song which features rock undertones, vocal harmonies, hand claps, prominent electric guitar riffs, and repetitive synthesizers.


Context: The band - One Direction

Context: who are the members of this band ?

Context: Yes, a number of times.

Context: who composed the song ?

Context: when was the song released ?

Context: the first song mentioned when was it released ?

Question: how was the critical response to it ?

Answer: It was generally positive. Digital Spy gave it four out of five stars; the Los Angeles Times called it a peppy piece; Huffington Post said that it was poppy and energetic.

Live While We're Young [SEP] Critical response

Robert Copsey of Digital Spy gave "Live While We're Young" four out of five stars and wrote, "it's little different from what we've heard before — but when you're the world's biggest boyband, it's no bad thing." Mikael Wood of the "Los Angeles Times" summarised it as a "characteristically peppy piece of high-gloss party pop." Lansky praised its effectiveness and thought it was "perfectly tailored to top the charts." Andrew Unterberger of Popdust acknowledged that "the song is smart to swipe the guitar-only opening pattern from The Clash's "Should I Stay or Should I Go?"—akin to "What Makes You Beautiful" lifting the "Summer Nights" beginning—calling on pop history to get you excited for the song before you even really realise why." Unterberger further highlighted the small lyrical plays for conveying "an incredible amount of urgency and fun without much clunky verbage , making singing along something of an inevitability." A writer for "The Huffington Post" asserted that the song delivers for fans of their debut album: "a poppy, energetic, happy-go-lucky track." Sylvie Lesas of "Evigshed Magazine" gave it a rating of five out of five stars, called it "upbeat, fun and very fresh", and proclaimed that "radios are going to love it." Chris Younie of 4Music called it "insanely catchy", lauding its production for combining a "simple" guitar riff with an "anthemic feel-good chorus".


Context: The band - One Direction

Context: who are the members of this band ?

Context: Yes, a number of times.

Context: who composed the song ?

Context: when was the song released ?

Context: how was the critical response to it ?

Context: It was generally positive. Digital Spy gave it four out of five stars; the Los Angeles Times called it a peppy piece; Huffington Post said that it was poppy and energetic.

Question: where did the above band first meet ?

Answer: When they were auditioning as solo candidates for the seventh series of the British televised singing competition "The X Factor".

One Direction [SEP] 2010–2011: "The X Factor"

In 2010, Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, and Louis Tomlinson auditioned as solo candidates for the seventh series of the British televised singing competition "The X Factor". They all failed to progress in the "Boys" category at the bootcamp stage of the competition, but were instead put together to form a five-piece boy band, thus qualifying for the "Groups" category. Nicole Scherzinger, a guest judge, and Simon Cowell have both claimed to have come up with the idea of forming the band. In 2013, Cowell said that it "took him 10 minutes to put them together as a group".


Context: The band - One Direction

Context: who are the members of this band ?

Context: Yes, a number of times.

Context: who composed the song ?

Context: when was the song released ?

Context: how was the critical response to it ?

Context: where did the above band first meet ?

Context: When they were auditioning as solo candidates for the seventh series of the British televised singing competition "The X Factor".

Question: any awards won by this band ?

Answer: Twenty eight Teen Choice Awards, seven Brit Awards, seven American Music Awards, six "Billboard" Music Awards, five "Billboard" Touring Awards, and four MTV Video Music Awards, among others.

Explanation: The band has received seven Brit Awards, seven American Music Awards, six "Billboard" Music Awards, five "Billboard" Touring Awards, and four MTV Video Music Awards, among other awards. One Direction holds the record as the most awarded act at the Teen Choice Awards with 28 wins from 31 nominations. Being the world’s best-selling artist of 2013, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) named them the Global Recording Artist of the Year. In 2014, "Billboard" named the band "Artist of the Year".

One Direction [SEP] Honours and nominations

As of 2020, One Direction have sold a total of 70 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling boy bands of all time. In 2013, they earned an estimated $75 million, becoming the second highest earning celebrity under 30 according to "Forbes". "Forbes" ranked them as the fourth highest-earning celebrities in the world in 2015, and second in 2016. The band has received seven Brit Awards, seven American Music Awards, six "Billboard" Music Awards, five "Billboard" Touring Awards, and four MTV Video Music Awards, among other awards. One Direction holds the record as the most awarded act at the Teen Choice Awards with 28 wins from 31 nominations.


Context: The band - One Direction

Context: who are the members of this band ?

Context: Yes, a number of times.

Context: who composed the song ?

Context: when was the song released ?

Context: how was the critical response to it ?

Context: where did the above band first meet ?

Context: any awards won by this band ?

Context: Twenty eight Teen Choice Awards, seven Brit Awards, seven American Music Awards, six "Billboard" Music Awards, five "Billboard" Touring Awards, and four MTV Video Music Awards, among others.

Question: any philanthropic activity undertaken by them ?

Answer: They have performed in a number of charity shows and telethons, including Children in Need and Comic Relief; Niall Horan organised an event to raise money for Irish Autism Action and Temporary Emergency Accommodation Mullingar.

Explanation:
In 2011, the band performed on the BBC's Children in Need 2011 charity telethon. In 2012, they extended their involvement with Children in Need as they opened the telecast with a performance of their single "Live While We're Young". A prominent annual event in British television, the group said it was "incredible" to be involved in Children in Need as it was something that they had "always watched as children".

In February 2013, One Direction released "One Way or Another (Teenage Kicks)" (a medley of "One Way or Another" and "Teenage Kicks") as the 2013 single for the UK's other major charity telethon Comic Relief. For ITV's Santa charity Christmas campaign, they filmed a set of pleas to their fans and the general public, asking them to donate £2. The band have made numerous other appearances for charitable causes, including the 2011 Pride of Britain Awards where they presented 13-year-old quadruple amputee Danielle Bailey the Child of Courage award at her school assembly, and the 201

One Direction [SEP] Philanthropy


Question: when did the first iron man movie come out

Answer: 2008

Iron Man (2008 film) [SEP] Introduction

Iron Man is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures, it is the first film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was directed by Jon Favreau from a screenplay by the writing teams of Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby, and Art Marcum and Matt Holloway, and stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man alongside Terrence Howard, Jeff Bridges, Shaun Toub, and Gwyneth Paltrow. In the film, following his escape from captivity by a terrorist group, world famous industrialist and master engineer Tony Stark builds a mechanized suit of armor and becomes the superhero Iron Man.


Context: when did the first iron man movie come out

Question: what was it's genre?

Answer: Superhero

Explanation: Iron Man is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.

Iron Man (2008 film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Question: where was it filmed?

Answer: Afghanistan,  Edwards Air Force Base ,  Point Dume in Malibu, Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada and other places too

Explanation: The first few weeks of filming were spent on Stark's captivity in Afghanistan. The cave where Stark is imprisoned was a long set, which had movable forks in the caverns to allow greater freedom for the film's crew. Production designer J. Michael Riva saw footage of a Taliban fighter in Afghanistan, and saw the cold breath as he spoke: realizing remote caves are actually very cold, Riva placed an air conditioning system in the set. He also sought Downey's advice about makeshift objects in prison, such as a sock being used to make tea. Afterwards, Stark's capture was filmed at Lone Pine, and other exterior scenes in Afghanistan were filmed at Olancha Sand Dunes, where the crew endured two days of winds. Filming at Edwards Air Force Base began in mid-April, and ended on May 2. Exterior shots of Stark's home were digitally added to footage of Point Dume in Malibu, while the interior was built at Playa Vista, where Favreau and Riva aimed to make Stark's home look less futuristic and more "

Iron Man (2008 film) [SEP] Filming

Production was based in the former Hughes Company soundstages in Playa Vista, Los Angeles, California. Howard Hughes was one of the inspirations for the comic book, and the filmmakers acknowledged the coincidence that they would film Iron Man creating the flying Mark III where the Hughes H-4 Hercules was built. Favreau rejected the East Coast setting of the comic books because many superhero films had already been set there. Filming began on March 12, 2007, with Matthew Libatique serving as director of photography. The first few weeks of filming were spent on Stark's captivity in Afghanistan. The cave where Stark is imprisoned was a long set, which had movable forks in the caverns to allow greater freedom for the film's crew.


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: Afghanistan,  Edwards Air Force Base ,  Point Dume in Malibu, Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada and other places too

Question: can you explain who is this superhero?

Answer: Tony Stark builds a mechanized suit of armor and becomes the superhero Iron Man

Explanation: In the film, following his escape from captivity by a terrorist group, world famous industrialist and master engineer Tony Stark builds a mechanized suit of armor and becomes the superhero Iron Man.

Iron Man (2008 film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: Tony Stark builds a mechanized suit of armor and becomes the superhero Iron Man

Question: who played this character?

Answer: Robert Downey Jr.

Explanation: stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man

Iron Man (2008 film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: who played this character?

Context: Robert Downey Jr.

Question: what problems did he face in his acting profession?

Answer: Many problems caused because he was arrested numerous times on charges related to drugs including cocaine, heroin, and marijuana

Explanation:
From 1996 through 2001, Downey was arrested numerous times on charges related to drugs including cocaine, heroin, and marijuana and went through drug treatment programs unsuccessfully, explaining in 1999 to a judge: "It's like I have a shotgun in my mouth, and I've got my finger on the trigger, and I like the taste of the gun metal." He explained his relapses by claiming to have been addicted to drugs since the age of eight, due to the fact that his father, also an addict previously, had been giving them to him.

In April 1996, Downey was arrested for possession of heroin, cocaine, and an unloaded .357 Magnum handgun while he was speeding down Sunset Boulevard. A month later, while on parole, he trespassed into a neighbor's home while under the influence of a controlled substance, and fell asleep in one of the beds. He received three years of probation and was ordered to undergo compulsory drug testing. In 1997, he missed one of the court-ordered drug tests, and had to spend six months

Robert Downey Jr. [SEP] 1996–2001: Career troubles


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: who played this character?

Context: Robert Downey Jr.

Context: what problems did he face in his acting profession?

Context: Many problems caused because he was arrested numerous times on charges related to drugs including cocaine, heroin, and marijuana

Question: is he still a drug-addicted?

Answer: No

Explanation: After five years of substance abuse, arrests, rehab, and relapse, Downey was ready to work toward a full recovery from drugs and return to his career. In discussing his failed attempts to control his addictive behavior in the past, Downey told Oprah Winfrey in November 2004 that "when someone says, 'I really wonder if maybe I should go to rehab?' Well, uh, you're a wreck, you just lost your job, and your wife left you. Uh, you might want to give it a shot." He added that after his last arrest in April 2001, when he knew he would likely be facing another stint in prison or another form of incarceration such as court-ordered rehab, "I said, 'You know what? I don't think I can continue doing this.' And I reached out for help, and I ran with it. You can reach out for help in kind of a half-assed way and you'll get it and you won't take advantage of it. It's not that difficult to overcome these seemingly ghastly problems ... what's hard is to decide to do it."

Robert Downey Jr. [SEP] 2001–2007: Career comeback


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: who played this character?

Context: Robert Downey Jr.

Context: is he still a drug-addicted?

Context: No

Question: what are the sequels of the above mentioned movie?

Answer: "Iron Man 2" and "Iron Man 3"

Iron Man (2008 film) [SEP] Introduction

It was selected by the American Film Institute as one of the ten best films of 2008 and received two nominations at the 81st Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects. It was followed by two sequels, "Iron Man 2" in 2010 and "Iron Man 3" in 2013.


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: who played this character?

Context: Robert Downey Jr.

Context: is he still a drug-addicted?

Context: No

Context: what are the sequels of the above mentioned movie?

Context: "Iron Man 2" and "Iron Man 3"

Question: how was the first mentioned drug discovered?

Answer: For over a thousand years South American indigenous peoples have chewed the leaves of "Erythroxylon coca",  a plant that contains vital nutrients as well as numerous alkaloids, including cocaine

Cocaine [SEP] Discovery

For over a thousand years South American indigenous peoples have chewed the leaves of "Erythroxylon coca", a plant that contains vital nutrients as well as numerous alkaloids, including cocaine. The coca leaf was, and still is, chewed almost universally by some indigenous communities. The remains of coca leaves have been found with ancient Peruvian mummies, and pottery from the time period depicts humans with bulged cheeks, indicating the presence of something on which they are chewing. There is also evidence that these cultures used a mixture of coca leaves and saliva as an anesthetic for the performance of trepanation. When the Spanish arrived in South America, most at first ignored aboriginal claims that the leaf gave them strength and energy, and declared the practice of chewing it the work of the Devil.


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: who played this character?

Context: Robert Downey Jr.

Context: is he still a drug-addicted?

Context: No

Context: "Iron Man 2" and "Iron Man 3"

Context: how was the first mentioned drug discovered?

Context: For over a thousand years South American indigenous peoples have chewed the leaves of "Erythroxylon coca",  a plant that contains vital nutrients as well as numerous alkaloids, including cocaine

Question: how does it appear when looking at it?

Answer: Its purest form is a white, pearly product

Cocaine [SEP] Appearance

Cocaine in its purest form is a white, pearly product. Cocaine appearing in powder form is a salt, typically cocaine hydrochloride. Street cocaine is often adulterated or "cut" with talc, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, inositol, caffeine, procaine, phencyclidine, phenytoin, lignocaine, strychnine, amphetamine, or heroin. The color of "crack" cocaine depends upon several factors including the origin of the cocaine used, the method of preparation – with ammonia or baking soda – and the presence of impurities. It will generally range from white to a yellowish cream to a light brown. Its texture will also depend on the adulterants, origin and processing of the powdered cocaine, and the method of converting the base.


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: who played this character?

Context: Robert Downey Jr.

Context: is he still a drug-addicted?

Context: No

Context: "Iron Man 2" and "Iron Man 3"

Context: how does it appear when looking at it?

Context: Its purest form is a white, pearly product

Question: who directed the third part of the above mentioned movie?

Answer: Shane Black

Explanation: The film was directed by Shane Black

Iron Man 3 [SEP] Introduction

Iron Man 3 is a 2013 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to "Iron Man" (2008) and "Iron Man 2" (2010), and the seventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Shane Black from a screenplay he co-wrote with Drew Pearce, and stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man alongside Gwyneth Paltrow, Don Cheadle, Guy Pearce, Rebecca Hall, Stéphanie Szostak, James Badge Dale, Jon Favreau, and Ben Kingsley. In "Iron Man 3", Tony Stark wrestles with the ramifications of the events of "The Avengers" during a national terrorism campaign on the United States led by the mysterious Mandarin.


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: who played this character?

Context: Robert Downey Jr.

Context: is he still a drug-addicted?

Context: No

Context: "Iron Man 2" and "Iron Man 3"

Context: how does it appear when looking at it?

Context: who directed the third part of the above mentioned movie?

Context: Shane Black

Question: who were the other characters in this sequel?

Answer: J.A.R.V.I.S.,  Taggart,  President Ellis,  Vice President Rodriguez,  Gary,  Yinsen, and many more

Explanation: Paul Bettany reprises his role from previous films as J.A.R.V.I.S., Stark's AI system. Ashley Hamilton portrays Taggart, one of the Extremis soldiers. William Sadler plays President Ellis, (named after Warren Ellis, who wrote the "Extremis" comics arc that primarily influenced the film's story) and Miguel Ferrer plays Vice President Rodriguez. Adam Pally plays Gary, a cameraman who helps Stark. Shaun Toub reprises his role as Yinsen from the first "Iron Man" film in a brief cameo, and Stan Lee makes a cameo appearance as a beauty pageant judge. Dale Dickey plays Mrs. Davis, mother of an Extremis subject that is framed as a terrorist. Wang Xueqi briefly plays Dr. Wu in the general release version of the film. A cut of the film produced for release exclusively in China includes additional scenes featuring Wang and an appearance by Fan Bingbing as one of his assistants. Mark Ruffalo makes an uncredited cameo appearance, reprising his role as Bruce Banner from "The Avengers", in a post-cre

Iron Man 3 [SEP] Cast


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: who played this character?

Context: Robert Downey Jr.

Context: is he still a drug-addicted?

Context: No

Context: "Iron Man 2" and "Iron Man 3"

Context: how does it appear when looking at it?

Context: Shane Black

Context: who were the other characters in this sequel?

Context: J.A.R.V.I.S.,  Taggart,  President Ellis,  Vice President Rodriguez,  Gary,  Yinsen, and many more

Question: which accolades did shane win?

Answer: Distinguished Screenwriter Award, Best Original Screenplay award

Explanation: Black received the Distinguished Screenwriter Award from the Austin Film Festival October 21, 2006. In 2005, he received the Best Original Screenplay award for "Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" from the San Diego Film Critics Association.

Shane Black [SEP] Awards and honors


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: who played this character?

Context: Robert Downey Jr.

Context: is he still a drug-addicted?

Context: No

Context: "Iron Man 2" and "Iron Man 3"

Context: how does it appear when looking at it?

Context: Shane Black

Context: which accolades did shane win?

Context: Distinguished Screenwriter Award, Best Original Screenplay award

Question: who played the first mentioned character?

Answer: It  is a fictional artificial intelligence voiced by Paul Bettany

J.A.R.V.I.S. [SEP] Introduction

J.A.R.V.I.S. (Just A Rather Very Intelligent System) is a fictional artificial intelligence that first appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe where he was voiced by Paul Bettany in "Iron Man", "Iron Man 2", "The Avengers", "Iron Man 3", and "". The AI is based on the Marvel Comics character Edwin Jarvis, who was the household butler of the Stark family. After the first "Iron Man" film, the character was introduced into the American comic books published by Marvel Comics.


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: who played this character?

Context: Robert Downey Jr.

Context: is he still a drug-addicted?

Context: No

Context: "Iron Man 2" and "Iron Man 3"

Context: how does it appear when looking at it?

Context: Shane Black

Context: which accolades did shane win?

Context: who played the first mentioned character?

Context: It  is a fictional artificial intelligence voiced by Paul Bettany

Question: has this voice artist acted in any movie?

Answer: Yes, "Gangster No. 1" ,  "A Beautiful Mind", "Dogville", "A Knight's Tale" , "Margin Call"  to name a few

Explanation: e first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film "Gangster No. 1" (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film "A Knight's Tale" (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including "A Beautiful Mind" (2001), "" (2003), "Dogville" (2003), "Wimbledon" (2004), "The Da Vinci Code" (2006), "Margin Call" (2011), and "" (2018). He is portraying Alexander Nix in an upcoming film on the Cambridge Analytica scandal.

Paul Bettany [SEP] Introduction

Paul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is a British-American actor. He is known for his role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films "Iron Man" (2008), "Iron Man 2" (2010), "The Avengers" (2012), "Iron Man 3" (2013), "" (2015), "" (2016), and "" (2018). He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film "Gangster No. 1" (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film "A Knight's Tale" (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including "A Beautiful Mind" (2001), "" (2003), "Dogville" (2003), "Wimbledon" (2004), "The Da Vinci Code" (2006), "Margin Call" (2011), and "" (2018).


Context: what was it's genre?

Context: Superhero

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: can you explain who is this superhero?

Context: who played this character?

Context: Robert Downey Jr.

Context: is he still a drug-addicted?

Context: No

Context: "Iron Man 2" and "Iron Man 3"

Context: how does it appear when looking at it?

Context: Shane Black

Context: which accolades did shane win?

Context: has this voice artist acted in any movie?

Context: Yes, "Gangster No. 1" ,  "A Beautiful Mind", "Dogville", "A Knight's Tale" , "Margin Call"  to name a few

Question: when did the first mentioned movie release?

Answer: 2000

Explanation: Gangster No. 1 is a 2000

Gangster No. 1 [SEP] Introduction

Gangster No. 1 is a 2000 British crime drama film directed by Paul McGuigan and starring Paul Bettany in the title role. It is based on the play "Gangster No.1" by Louis Mellis and David Scinto, and features Malcolm McDowell, David Thewlis and Saffron Burrows.


Question: what organ contains bacteria that help produce vitamin k

Answer: The large intestine

Vitamin K [SEP] Function in bacteria

Many bacteria, including "Escherichia coli" found in the large intestine, can synthesize vitamin K (MK-7 up to MK-11), but not vitamin K. Green algae and some species of cyanobacteria (sometimes referred to as blue-green algae) are able to synthesize vitamin K. In the vitamin K synthesizing bacteria, menaquinone transfers two electrons between two different small molecules, during oxygen-independent metabolic energy production processes (anaerobic respiration). For example, a small molecule with an excess of electrons (also called an electron donor) such as lactate, formate, or NADH, with the help of an enzyme, passes two electrons to menaquinone. The menaquinone, with the help of another enzyme, then transfers these two electrons to a suitable oxidant, such as fumarate or nitrate (also called an electron acceptor).