Context: when was the grey cup played in calgary

Context: November 24, 2019

Context: which game is associated with this cup?

Context: Canadian Football

Context: when did this cup introduce?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Earl Grey

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how does the match begin?

Context: in which case penalty is considered?

Context: They may occur before a play starts (such as offside), during the play (such as holding), or in a dead-ball situation (such as unsportsmanlike conduct).

Question: how long the game is?

Answer: The game consists of two 30-minute halves, each of which is divided into two 15-minute quarters. The clock counts down from 15:00 in each quarter. Timing rules change when there are three minutes remaining in a half. A short break interval of 2 minutes occurs after the end of each quarter.

Canadian football [SEP] Game timing

The game consists of two 30-minute halves, each of which is divided into two 15-minute quarters. The clock counts down from 15:00 in each quarter. Timing rules change when there are three minutes remaining in a half. A short break interval of 2 minutes occurs after the end of each quarter (a longer break of 15 minutes at halftime), and the two teams then change goals. In the first 27 minutes of a half, the clock stops when: The clock starts again when the referee determines the ball is ready for scrimmage, except for team time-outs (where the clock starts at the snap), after a time count foul (at the snap) and kickoffs (where the clock starts not at the kick but when the ball is first touched after the kick).


Question: what is down and dirty duck?

Answer: It is an adult animated comedy.

Down and Dirty Duck [SEP] Introduction

Down and Dirty Duck, promoted under the abbreviated title Dirty Duck, is a 1974 American adult animated comedy film written and directed by Charles Swenson and starring Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan (Flo & Eddie) as the voices of a strait-laced, low-level white-collar worker named Willard and an unnamed duck, among other characters. The plot consists of a series of often abstract sequences, including plot material created by stars Kaylan, Volman, Robert Ridgely, and, according to the film's ending credits, various people Swenson encountered during the making of the film. "Dirty Duck" received mostly negative reviews, with many criticizing it for its crude humor and others seeing the film as an attempt to cash in on the success of Ralph Bakshi's "Fritz the Cat".


Context:
what is down and dirty duck?
It is an adult animated comedy.

Question: who directed it?

Answer: Charles Swenson

Explanation: Down and Dirty Duck, promoted under the abbreviated title Dirty Duck, is a 1974 American adult animated comedy film written and directed by Charles Swenson

Down and Dirty Duck [SEP] Introduction


Context:
what is down and dirty duck?
It is an adult animated comedy.
who directed it?
Charles Swenson

Question: and produced by?

Answer: Jerry D. Good

Down and Dirty Duck [SEP] Production

After the release and success of "Fritz the Cat", several animated films meant for adults rather than children enjoyed success. "Fritz", a film based on a character created by artist and illustrator Robert Crumb, was the first animated movie to receive an X rating in the United States. Charles Swenson developed "Down and Dirty Duck" as a project for former Turtles and Mothers of Invention band members Kaylan and Volman under the title "Cheap!" Producer Jerry D. Good pitched the film to Howard Kaylan and Mark Volman while the production company, Murakami-Wolf, prepared the animated sequence for Frank Zappa's "200 Motels".


Context:
what is down and dirty duck?
It is an adult animated comedy.
who directed it?
Charles Swenson
and produced by?
Jerry D. Good

Question: what is the film about?

Answer: A strait-laced, low-level white-collar worker named Willard and an unnamed duck.

Explanation: (Flo & Eddie) as the voices of a strait-laced, low-level white-collar worker named Willard and an unnamed duck, among other characters. The plot consists of a series of often abstract sequences, including plot material created by stars Kaylan, Volman, Robert Ridgely, and, according to the film's ending credits, various people Swenson encountered during the making of the film.

Down and Dirty Duck [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is down and dirty duck?

Context: It is an adult animated comedy.

Context: who directed it?

Context: Charles Swenson

Context: and produced by?

Context: Jerry D. Good

Context: what is the film about?

Context: A strait-laced, low-level white-collar worker named Willard and an unnamed duck.

Question: how was it received by the public?

Answer: It received mostly negative reviews, with many criticizing it for its crude humor.

Explanation: "Dirty Duck" received mostly negative reviews, with many criticizing it for its crude humor

Down and Dirty Duck [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is down and dirty duck?

Context: It is an adult animated comedy.

Context: who directed it?

Context: Charles Swenson

Context: and produced by?

Context: Jerry D. Good

Context: what is the film about?

Context: how was it received by the public?

Context: It received mostly negative reviews, with many criticizing it for its crude humor.

Question: where is the director from?

Answer: America

Charles Swenson [SEP] Introduction

Charles Swenson (born March 28, 1941) is an American animator, writer, storyboard artist, sound designer, producer and director who worked with animated film for many years. In 1978 he joined Fred Wolf Films, who worked on "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". He is also the creator of Cartoon Network's "Mike, Lu & Og" in which he also wrote the scripts for several episodes as well serving as executive producer and voice director. He left the entertainment industry in the early 2000s to become a painter.


Context: what is down and dirty duck?

Context: It is an adult animated comedy.

Context: who directed it?

Context: Charles Swenson

Context: and produced by?

Context: Jerry D. Good

Context: what is the film about?

Context: how was it received by the public?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: America

Question: and the producer?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Charles Swenson [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is down and dirty duck?

Context: It is an adult animated comedy.

Context: who directed it?

Context: Charles Swenson

Context: and produced by?

Context: Jerry D. Good

Context: what is the film about?

Context: how was it received by the public?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: America

Context: and the producer?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: by whom was the voiceover done in the film?

Answer: Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan

Explanation: American adult animated comedy film written and directed by Charles Swenson and starring Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan (Flo & Eddie)

Down and Dirty Duck [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is down and dirty duck?

Context: It is an adult animated comedy.

Context: who directed it?

Context: Charles Swenson

Context: and produced by?

Context: Jerry D. Good

Context: what is the film about?

Context: how was it received by the public?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: America

Context: and the producer?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was the voiceover done in the film?

Context: Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan

Question: who was the former?

Answer: He is an American rock and roll guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter.

Mark Volman [SEP] Introduction

Mark Volman (born April 19, 1947) is an American rock and roll guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter, best known as a founding member of the Turtles. Volman became a stand-out figure upon joining the Mothers of Invention under the tutelage of Frank Zappa. At times during his career he has used the pseudonym "Flo" (short for "Phlorescent Leech"), working alongside his friend and partner Howard Kaylan; they at times have used the stage names of Flo & Eddie.


Context: what is down and dirty duck?

Context: It is an adult animated comedy.

Context: who directed it?

Context: Charles Swenson

Context: and produced by?

Context: Jerry D. Good

Context: what is the film about?

Context: how was it received by the public?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: America

Context: and the producer?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan

Context: who was the former?

Context: He is an American rock and roll guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter.

Question: could you mention any other work done him?

Answer: He and Kaylan founded the Turtles, a popular band of the late 1960s.

Mark Volman [SEP] Music and film

Volman and Howard Kaylan founded the Turtles, a popular band of the late 1960s. In December 1968, "NME" magazine reported that Volman had insured his distinctive frizzy hair for US$100,000 against fire, theft or loss due to illness. As their band folded, Volman and Kaylan discovered that the terms of their contract forbade them to use not only the name 'The Turtles', but also their own names. Kaylan and Volman were recruited by Frank Zappa, joining the Mothers of Invention, and they also worked together as Flo & Eddie in music, in film (they provided music and voices for animated films like "Down and Dirty Duck"), and in radio broadcasting.


Context: what is down and dirty duck?

Context: It is an adult animated comedy.

Context: who directed it?

Context: Charles Swenson

Context: and produced by?

Context: Jerry D. Good

Context: what is the film about?

Context: how was it received by the public?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: America

Context: and the producer?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan

Context: who was the former?

Context: could you mention any other work done him?

Context: He and Kaylan founded the Turtles, a popular band of the late 1960s.

Question: who were the band members?

Answer: Howard Kaylan, Mark Volman, Al Nichol, Chuck Portz, Don Murray, and Jim Tucker.

The Turtles [SEP] History

The band originated from a surf music group, The Crossfires, formed in 1963 in Westchester, Los Angeles by high school friends Howard Kaylan, Mark Volman, Al Nichol, Chuck Portz, Don Murray, and Jim Tucker. They released a single, "Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde" / "Fiberglass Jungle", on the local Capco label in 1963. With the help of KRLA and KFWB DJ and club owner Reb Foster (born James Dennis Bruton, March 18, 1936 – August 25, 2019), The Crossfires signed to the newly formed White Whale Records. Adhering to the prevailing musical trend, they rebranded themselves as a folk rock group under the name The Tyrtles, an intentionally stylized misspelling inspired by The Byrds and The Beatles.


Context: what is down and dirty duck?

Context: It is an adult animated comedy.

Context: who directed it?

Context: Charles Swenson

Context: and produced by?

Context: Jerry D. Good

Context: what is the film about?

Context: how was it received by the public?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: America

Context: and the producer?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan

Context: who was the former?

Context: who were the band members?

Context: Howard Kaylan, Mark Volman, Al Nichol, Chuck Portz, Don Murray, and Jim Tucker.

Question: can you mention any famous song or album released by them?

Answer: "Happy Together"

The Turtles [SEP] Introduction

The Turtles are an American rock band led by vocalists Howard Kaylan and Mark Volman, later known as Flo & Eddie. The band had several Top 40 hits beginning in 1965 with their cover version of Bob Dylan's "It Ain't Me Babe". They scored their biggest and best-known hit in 1967 with the song "Happy Together". The band broke up in 1970. Kaylan and Volman later found long-lasting success as session musicians, billed as the comedic vocal duo "Flo & Eddie". In 2010, a reconstituted version of the band, "the Turtles Featuring Flo & Eddie", began performing live shows again.


Question: where are the human lungs located in the body

Answer: Near the backbone on either side of the heart.

Lung [SEP] Introduction

The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart. Their function in the respiratory system is to extract oxygen from the atmosphere and transfer it into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere, in a process of gas exchange. Respiration is driven by different muscular systems in different species. Mammals, reptiles and birds use their different muscles to support and foster breathing.


Context: where are the human lungs located in the body

Context: Near the backbone on either side of the heart.

Question: what distinguishes the right lung from the left lung in humans?

Answer: The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart.

Lung [SEP] Introduction

In early tetrapods, air was driven into the lungs by the pharyngeal muscles via buccal pumping, a mechanism still seen in amphibians. In humans, the main muscle of respiration that drives breathing is the diaphragm. The lungs also provide airflow that makes vocal sounds including human speech possible. Humans have two lungs, a right lung, and a left lung. They are situated within the thoracic cavity of the chest. The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart. The lungs together weigh approximately , and the right is heavier. The lungs are part of the lower respiratory tract that begins at the trachea and branches into the bronchi and bronchioles, and which receive air breathed in via the conducting zone.


Context: what distinguishes the right lung from the left lung in humans?

Context: The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart.

Question: name some tissues which make up that organ.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Lung [SEP] Introduction


Context: name some tissues which make up that organ.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the function of this respiratory organ?

Answer: The major function of the lungs is gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. The alveolar and pulmonary capillary gases equilibrate across the thin blood–air barrier.

Lung [SEP] Gas exchange

The major function of the lungs is gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. The alveolar and pulmonary capillary gases equilibrate across the thin blood–air barrier. This thin membrane (about 0.5 –2 μm thick) is folded into about 300 million alveoli, providing an extremely large surface area (estimates varying between 70 and 145 m) for gas exchange to occur. The lungs are not capable of expanding to breathe on their own, and will only do so when there is an increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity. This is achieved by the muscles of respiration, through the contraction of the diaphragm, and the intercostal muscles which pull the rib cage upwards as shown in the diagram.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the function of this respiratory organ?

Context: The major function of the lungs is gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. The alveolar and pulmonary capillary gases equilibrate across the thin blood–air barrier.

Question: from where does this organ get its blood supply?

Answer: The lungs have a dual blood supply provided by a bronchial and a pulmonary circulation. The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs, through the bronchial arteries that leave the aorta.

Lung [SEP] Blood supply

The lungs have a dual blood supply provided by a bronchial and a pulmonary circulation. The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs, through the bronchial arteries that leave the aorta. There are usually three arteries, two to the left lung and one to the right, and they branch alongside the bronchi and bronchioles. The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns the oxygenated blood to the heart to supply the rest of the body. The blood volume of the lungs is about 450 millilitres on average, about 9% of the total blood volume of the entire circulatory system.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from where does this organ get its blood supply?

Context: The lungs have a dual blood supply provided by a bronchial and a pulmonary circulation. The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs, through the bronchial arteries that leave the aorta.

Question: what happens to the organ if there is a deficiency in vitamin a?

Answer: This can disrupt the normal physiology of the lung and predispose to respiratory diseases.

Lung [SEP] Vitamin A deficiency

The developing lung is particularly vulnerable to changes in the levels of vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency has been linked to changes in the epithelial lining of the lung and in the lung parenchyma. This can disrupt the normal physiology of the lung and predispose to respiratory diseases. Severe nutritional deficiency in vitamin A results in a reduction in the formation of the alveolar walls (septa) and to notable changes in the respiratory epithelium; alterations are noted in the extracellular matrix and in the protein content of the basement membrane. The extracellular matrix maintains lung elasticity; the basement membrane is associated with alveolar epithelium and is important in the blood-air barrier.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what happens to the organ if there is a deficiency in vitamin a?

Context: This can disrupt the normal physiology of the lung and predispose to respiratory diseases.

Question: can you tell in a short sentence how is the structure of this respiratory organ in birds?

Answer: The lungs of birds contain millions of tiny parallel passages called parabronchi. Small sacs called "atria" radiate from the walls of the tiny passages; these, like the alveoli in other lungs, are the site of gas exchange by simple diffusion.

Lung [SEP] Birds

The lungs of birds contain millions of tiny parallel passages called parabronchi. Small sacs called "atria" radiate from the walls of the tiny passages; these, like the alveoli in other lungs, are the site of gas exchange by simple diffusion. The blood flow around the parabronchi and their atria forms a cross-current process of gas exchange (see diagram on the right). The air sacs, which hold air, do not contribute much to gas exchange, despite being thin-walled, as they are poorly vascularised. The air sacs expand and contract due to changes in the volume in the thorax and abdomen. This volume change is caused by the movement of the sternum and ribs and this movement is often synchronised with movement of the flight muscles.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you tell in a short sentence how is the structure of this respiratory organ in birds?

Context: The lungs of birds contain millions of tiny parallel passages called parabronchi. Small sacs called "atria" radiate from the walls of the tiny passages; these, like the alveoli in other lungs, are the site of gas exchange by simple diffusion.

Question: and how is the structure in reptiles?

Answer: The lungs of most reptiles have a single bronchus running down the centre, from which numerous branches reach out to individual pockets throughout the lungs.

Lung [SEP] Reptiles

The lungs of most reptiles have a single bronchus running down the centre, from which numerous branches reach out to individual pockets throughout the lungs. These pockets are similar to alveoli in mammals, but much larger and fewer in number. These give the lung a sponge-like texture. In tuataras, snakes, and some lizards, the lungs are simpler in structure, similar to that of typical amphibians. Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and how is the structure in reptiles?

Context: The lungs of most reptiles have a single bronchus running down the centre, from which numerous branches reach out to individual pockets throughout the lungs.

Question: name a few invertebrates that possess this respiratory organ.

Answer: Spiders and scorpions

Explanation: spiders and scorpions

Lung [SEP] Invertebrates

Some invertebrates have lung-like structures that serve a similar respiratory purpose as, but are not evolutionarily related to, vertebrate lungs. Some arachnids, such as spiders and scorpions, have structures called book lungs used for atmospheric gas exchange. Some species of spider have four pairs of book lungs but most have two pairs. Scorpions have spiracles on their body for the entrance of air to the book lungs. The coconut crab is terrestrial and uses structures called branchiostegal lungs to breathe air. They cannot swim and would drown in water, yet they possess a rudimentary set of gills. They can breathe on land and hold their breath underwater.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and how is the structure in reptiles?

Context: name a few invertebrates that possess this respiratory organ.

Context: Spiders and scorpions

Question: what are some of the diseases of this respiratory organ in humans?

Answer: Respiratory diseases range from the common cold, influenza, and pharyngitis to life-threatening diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, COVID-19, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory syndromes.

Respiratory disease [SEP] Introduction

Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals. They include conditions of the respiratory tract including the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleurae, pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of respiration. Respiratory diseases range from mild and self-limiting, such as the common cold, influenza, and pharyngitis to life-threatening diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, acute asthma, COVID-19, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory syndromes. The study of respiratory disease is known as pulmonology. A doctor who specializes in respiratory disease is known as a pulmonologist, a chest medicine specialist, a respiratory medicine specialist, a respirologist or a thoracic medicine specialist.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and how is the structure in reptiles?

Context: Spiders and scorpions

Context: what are some of the diseases of this respiratory organ in humans?

Context: Respiratory diseases range from the common cold, influenza, and pharyngitis to life-threatening diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, COVID-19, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory syndromes.

Question: what are the causes of cancer of this organ?

Answer: Cancer develops after genetic damage to DNA and epigenetic changes. Those changes affect the cell's normal functions, including cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and DNA repair. As more damage accumulates, the risk for cancer increases.

Explanation: Cancer develops after genetic damage to DNA and epigenetic changes. Those changes affect the cell's normal functions, including cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and DNA repair. As more damage accumulates, the risk for cancer increases.

Lung cancer [SEP] Causes


Context: where are the human lungs located in the body

Context: Near the backbone on either side of the heart.

Context: what distinguishes the right lung from the left lung in humans?

Context: The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart.

Context: name some tissues which make up that organ.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the function of this respiratory organ?

Context: The major function of the lungs is gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. The alveolar and pulmonary capillary gases equilibrate across the thin blood–air barrier.

Context: from where does this organ get its blood supply?

Context: The lungs have a dual blood supply provided by a bronchial and a pulmonary circulation. The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs, through the bronchial arteries that leave the aorta.

Context: what happens to the organ if there is a deficiency in vitamin a?

Context: This can disrupt the normal physiology of the lung and predispose to respiratory diseases.

Context: can you tell in a short sentence how is the structure of this respiratory organ in birds?

Context: The lungs of birds contain millions of tiny parallel passages called parabronchi. Small sacs called "atria" radiate from the walls of the tiny passages; these, like the alveoli in other lungs, are the site of gas exchange by simple diffusion.

Context: and how is the structure in reptiles?

Context: The lungs of most reptiles have a single bronchus running down the centre, from which numerous branches reach out to individual pockets throughout the lungs.

Context: name a few invertebrates that possess this respiratory organ.

Context: Spiders and scorpions

Context: what are some of the diseases of this respiratory organ in humans?

Context: Respiratory diseases range from the common cold, influenza, and pharyngitis to life-threatening diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, COVID-19, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory syndromes.

Context: what are the causes of cancer of this organ?

Context: Cancer develops after genetic damage to DNA and epigenetic changes. Those changes affect the cell's normal functions, including cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and DNA repair. As more damage accumulates, the risk for cancer increases.

Question: how is it diagnosed?

Answer: A chest radiograph is one of the first investigative steps if a person reports symptoms that may be suggestive of lung cancer.

Lung cancer [SEP] Diagnosis

Performing a chest radiograph is one of the first investigative steps if a person reports symptoms that may be suggestive of lung cancer. This may reveal an obvious mass, the widening of the mediastinum (suggestive of spread to lymph nodes there), atelectasis (lung collapse), consolidation (pneumonia), or pleural effusion. CT imaging of the chest may reveal a spiculated mass which is highly suggestive of lung cancer, and is also used to provide more information about the type and extent of disease. Bronchoscopic or CT-guided biopsy is often used to sample the tumor for histopathology. Lung cancer often appears as a solitary pulmonary nodule on a chest radiograph.


Context: where are the human lungs located in the body

Context: Near the backbone on either side of the heart.

Context: what distinguishes the right lung from the left lung in humans?

Context: The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart.

Context: name some tissues which make up that organ.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the function of this respiratory organ?

Context: The major function of the lungs is gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. The alveolar and pulmonary capillary gases equilibrate across the thin blood–air barrier.

Context: from where does this organ get its blood supply?

Context: The lungs have a dual blood supply provided by a bronchial and a pulmonary circulation. The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs, through the bronchial arteries that leave the aorta.

Context: what happens to the organ if there is a deficiency in vitamin a?

Context: This can disrupt the normal physiology of the lung and predispose to respiratory diseases.

Context: can you tell in a short sentence how is the structure of this respiratory organ in birds?

Context: The lungs of birds contain millions of tiny parallel passages called parabronchi. Small sacs called "atria" radiate from the walls of the tiny passages; these, like the alveoli in other lungs, are the site of gas exchange by simple diffusion.

Context: and how is the structure in reptiles?

Context: The lungs of most reptiles have a single bronchus running down the centre, from which numerous branches reach out to individual pockets throughout the lungs.

Context: name a few invertebrates that possess this respiratory organ.

Context: Spiders and scorpions

Context: what are some of the diseases of this respiratory organ in humans?

Context: Respiratory diseases range from the common cold, influenza, and pharyngitis to life-threatening diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, COVID-19, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory syndromes.

Context: what are the causes of cancer of this organ?

Context: Cancer develops after genetic damage to DNA and epigenetic changes. Those changes affect the cell's normal functions, including cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and DNA repair. As more damage accumulates, the risk for cancer increases.

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: A chest radiograph is one of the first investigative steps if a person reports symptoms that may be suggestive of lung cancer.

Question: how is this disease classified?

Answer: Non-small-cell lung carcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma.

Lung cancer [SEP] Classification

Lung cancers are classified according to histological type. This classification is important for determining both the management and predicting outcomes of the disease. Lung cancers are carcinomas – malignancies that arise from epithelial cells. Lung carcinomas are categorized by the size and appearance of the malignant cells seen by a histopathologist under a microscope. For therapeutic purposes, two broad classes are distinguished: non-small-cell lung carcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma.


Context: where are the human lungs located in the body

Context: Near the backbone on either side of the heart.

Context: what distinguishes the right lung from the left lung in humans?

Context: The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart.

Context: name some tissues which make up that organ.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the function of this respiratory organ?

Context: The major function of the lungs is gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. The alveolar and pulmonary capillary gases equilibrate across the thin blood–air barrier.

Context: from where does this organ get its blood supply?

Context: The lungs have a dual blood supply provided by a bronchial and a pulmonary circulation. The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs, through the bronchial arteries that leave the aorta.

Context: what happens to the organ if there is a deficiency in vitamin a?

Context: This can disrupt the normal physiology of the lung and predispose to respiratory diseases.

Context: can you tell in a short sentence how is the structure of this respiratory organ in birds?

Context: The lungs of birds contain millions of tiny parallel passages called parabronchi. Small sacs called "atria" radiate from the walls of the tiny passages; these, like the alveoli in other lungs, are the site of gas exchange by simple diffusion.

Context: and how is the structure in reptiles?

Context: The lungs of most reptiles have a single bronchus running down the centre, from which numerous branches reach out to individual pockets throughout the lungs.

Context: name a few invertebrates that possess this respiratory organ.

Context: Spiders and scorpions

Context: what are some of the diseases of this respiratory organ in humans?

Context: Respiratory diseases range from the common cold, influenza, and pharyngitis to life-threatening diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, COVID-19, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory syndromes.

Context: what are the causes of cancer of this organ?

Context: Cancer develops after genetic damage to DNA and epigenetic changes. Those changes affect the cell's normal functions, including cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and DNA repair. As more damage accumulates, the risk for cancer increases.

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: A chest radiograph is one of the first investigative steps if a person reports symptoms that may be suggestive of lung cancer.

Context: how is this disease classified?

Context: Non-small-cell lung carcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma.

Question: how is it treated?

Answer: Treatment for lung cancer depends on the cancer's specific cell type, how far it has spread, and the person's performance status. Common treatments include palliative care, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Lung cancer [SEP] Management

Treatment for lung cancer depends on the cancer's specific cell type, how far it has spread, and the person's performance status. Common treatments include palliative care, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Targeted therapy of lung cancer is growing in importance for advanced lung cancer. People who have lung cancer should be encouraged to stop smoking. There is no clear evidence which smoking cessation program is most effective for people who have been diagnosed with lung cancer. It is unclear if exercise training is beneficial for people who have advanced lung cancer. Exercise training may benefit people with NSCLC who are recovering from lung surgery.


Context: where are the human lungs located in the body

Context: Near the backbone on either side of the heart.

Context: what distinguishes the right lung from the left lung in humans?

Context: The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart.

Context: name some tissues which make up that organ.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the function of this respiratory organ?

Context: The major function of the lungs is gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. The alveolar and pulmonary capillary gases equilibrate across the thin blood–air barrier.

Context: from where does this organ get its blood supply?

Context: The lungs have a dual blood supply provided by a bronchial and a pulmonary circulation. The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs, through the bronchial arteries that leave the aorta.

Context: what happens to the organ if there is a deficiency in vitamin a?

Context: This can disrupt the normal physiology of the lung and predispose to respiratory diseases.

Context: can you tell in a short sentence how is the structure of this respiratory organ in birds?

Context: The lungs of birds contain millions of tiny parallel passages called parabronchi. Small sacs called "atria" radiate from the walls of the tiny passages; these, like the alveoli in other lungs, are the site of gas exchange by simple diffusion.

Context: and how is the structure in reptiles?

Context: The lungs of most reptiles have a single bronchus running down the centre, from which numerous branches reach out to individual pockets throughout the lungs.

Context: name a few invertebrates that possess this respiratory organ.

Context: Spiders and scorpions

Context: what are some of the diseases of this respiratory organ in humans?

Context: Respiratory diseases range from the common cold, influenza, and pharyngitis to life-threatening diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, COVID-19, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory syndromes.

Context: what are the causes of cancer of this organ?

Context: Cancer develops after genetic damage to DNA and epigenetic changes. Those changes affect the cell's normal functions, including cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and DNA repair. As more damage accumulates, the risk for cancer increases.

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: A chest radiograph is one of the first investigative steps if a person reports symptoms that may be suggestive of lung cancer.

Context: how is this disease classified?

Context: Non-small-cell lung carcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma.

Context: how is it treated?

Context: Treatment for lung cancer depends on the cancer's specific cell type, how far it has spread, and the person's performance status. Common treatments include palliative care, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Question: how can one prevent from getting this disease?

Answer: Smoking prevention and smoking cessation are effective ways of preventing the development of lung cancer.

Explanation: Smoking prevention and smoking cessation are effective ways of preventing the development of lung cancer.

Lung cancer [SEP] Prevention


Context: where are the human lungs located in the body

Context: Near the backbone on either side of the heart.

Context: what distinguishes the right lung from the left lung in humans?

Context: The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart.

Context: name some tissues which make up that organ.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the function of this respiratory organ?

Context: The major function of the lungs is gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. The alveolar and pulmonary capillary gases equilibrate across the thin blood–air barrier.

Context: from where does this organ get its blood supply?

Context: The lungs have a dual blood supply provided by a bronchial and a pulmonary circulation. The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs, through the bronchial arteries that leave the aorta.

Context: what happens to the organ if there is a deficiency in vitamin a?

Context: This can disrupt the normal physiology of the lung and predispose to respiratory diseases.

Context: can you tell in a short sentence how is the structure of this respiratory organ in birds?

Context: The lungs of birds contain millions of tiny parallel passages called parabronchi. Small sacs called "atria" radiate from the walls of the tiny passages; these, like the alveoli in other lungs, are the site of gas exchange by simple diffusion.

Context: and how is the structure in reptiles?

Context: The lungs of most reptiles have a single bronchus running down the centre, from which numerous branches reach out to individual pockets throughout the lungs.

Context: name a few invertebrates that possess this respiratory organ.

Context: Spiders and scorpions

Context: what are some of the diseases of this respiratory organ in humans?

Context: Respiratory diseases range from the common cold, influenza, and pharyngitis to life-threatening diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, COVID-19, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory syndromes.

Context: what are the causes of cancer of this organ?

Context: Cancer develops after genetic damage to DNA and epigenetic changes. Those changes affect the cell's normal functions, including cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and DNA repair. As more damage accumulates, the risk for cancer increases.

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: A chest radiograph is one of the first investigative steps if a person reports symptoms that may be suggestive of lung cancer.

Context: how is this disease classified?

Context: Non-small-cell lung carcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma.

Context: how is it treated?

Context: Treatment for lung cancer depends on the cancer's specific cell type, how far it has spread, and the person's performance status. Common treatments include palliative care, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Context: how can one prevent from getting this disease?

Context: Smoking prevention and smoking cessation are effective ways of preventing the development of lung cancer.

Question: name some research trials currently being developed as a possible cure to this.

Answer: Immunotherapy, which encourages the body's immune system to attack the tumor cells, epigenetics

Lung cancer [SEP] Research directions

Current research directions for lung cancer treatment include immunotherapy, which encourages the body's immune system to attack the tumor cells, epigenetics, and new combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, both on their own and together. Many of these new treatments work through immune checkpoint blockade, disrupting cancer's ability to evade the immune system. Ipilimumab blocks signaling through a receptor on T cells known as CTLA-4 which dampens down the immune system. It has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of melanoma and is undergoing clinical trials for both NSCLC and SCLC. Other immunotherapy treatments interfere with the binding of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) protein with its ligand PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and have been approved as first- and subsequent-line treatments for various subsets of lung cancers.


Question: what type of shark is common off the coast of the galapagos

Answer: The Galapagos shark

Galapagos shark [SEP] Introduction

The Galapagos shark ("Carcharhinus galapagensis") is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, found worldwide. It favors clear reef environments around oceanic islands, where it is often the most abundant shark species. A large species that often reaches , the Galapagos reef shark has a typical fusiform "reef shark" shape and is very difficult to distinguish from the dusky shark ("C. obscurus") and the grey reef shark ("C. amblyrhynchos"). An identifying character of this species is its tall first dorsal fin, which has a slightly rounded tip and originates over the rear tips of the pectoral fins. The Galapagos sharks is an active predator often encountered in large groups.


Context: what type of shark is common off the coast of the galapagos

Context: The Galapagos shark

Question: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Answer: Requiem shark

Explanation: The Galapagos shark ("Carcharhinus galapagensis") is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, found worldwide.

Galapagos shark [SEP] Introduction


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Question: where these sharks mostly found?

Answer: The Galapagos shark is found mainly off tropical oceanic islands

Galapagos shark [SEP] Distribution and habitat

The Galapagos shark is found mainly off tropical oceanic islands. In the Atlantic Ocean, it occurs around Bermuda, the Virgin Islands, Madeira, Cape Verde, Ascension Island, Saint Helena and São Tomé Island. In the Indian Ocean, it is known from Walter's Shoal off southern Madagascar. In the Pacific Ocean, it occurs around Lord Howe Island, the Marianas Islands, the Marshall Islands, the Kermadec Islands, Tupai, the Tuamotu Archipelago, the Hawaiian Islands, the Galapagos Islands, Cocos Island, the Revillagigedo Islands, Clipperton Island, and Malpelo. There are a few reports of this species in continental waters off the Iberian Peninsula, Baja California, Guatemala, Colombia, and eastern Australia.


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: The Galapagos shark is found mainly off tropical oceanic islands

Question: what is their scientific name?

Answer: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Galapagos shark [SEP] Introduction


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Question: how big can these sharks grow?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Galapagos shark [SEP] Introduction


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Context: how big can these sharks grow?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you tell me one hunting strategy that the specie of this shark have?

Answer: The Galapagos sharks is an active predator often encountered in large groups.

Explanation: The Galapagos sharks is an active predator often encountered in large groups.

Galapagos shark [SEP] Introduction


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Context: how big can these sharks grow?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you tell me one hunting strategy that the specie of this shark have?

Context: The Galapagos sharks is an active predator often encountered in large groups.

Question: who was the first to describe these type of sharks?

Answer: Robert Evans Snodgrass and Edmund Heller

Galapagos shark [SEP] Taxonomy and phylogeny

The Galapagos shark was originally described as "Carcharias galapagensis" by Robert Evans Snodgrass and Edmund Heller in 1905; subsequent authors moved this species to the genus "Carcharhinus". The holotype was a long fetus from the Galapagos Islands, hence the specific epithet "galapagensis". Garrick (1982) placed the Galapagos shark and the dusky shark at the center of the "obscurus group", one of two major groupings within "Carcharhinus". The group consisted of the bignose shark ("C. altimus"), Caribbean reef shark ("C. perezi"), sandbar shark ("C. plumbeus"), dusky shark ("C. obscurus"), and oceanic whitetip shark ("C. longimanus"), all large, triangular-toothed sharks and is defined by the presence of a ridge between the two dorsal fins.


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Context: how big can these sharks grow?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who was the first to describe these type of sharks?

Context: Robert Evans Snodgrass and Edmund Heller

Question: can you name a contribution that the second person has made?

Answer: Heller participated in explorations in Alaska with the Biological Survey, in Peru with Yale University and the National Geographic Society, in China with the American Museum of Natural History, and in Russia with Paul J. Rainey, official photographer to the Czech army in Siberia.

Edmund Heller [SEP] Contributions

Heller also accompanied the Rainey African Expedition of 1911-1912 for the Smithsonian and led the Smithsonian Cape-to-Cairo Expedition of 1919-1920. Heller also participated in explorations in Alaska with the Biological Survey, in Peru with Yale University and the National Geographic Society, in China with the American Museum of Natural History, and in Russia with Paul J. Rainey, official photographer to the Czech army in Siberia.


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Context: how big can these sharks grow?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you name a contribution that the second person has made?

Context: Heller participated in explorations in Alaska with the Biological Survey, in Peru with Yale University and the National Geographic Society, in China with the American Museum of Natural History, and in Russia with Paul J. Rainey, official photographer to the Czech army in Siberia.

Question: and what is his profession?

Answer: Zoologist

Edmund Heller [SEP] Introduction

Edmund Heller (May 21, 1875 – July 18, 1939) was an American zoologist. He was President of the Association of Zoos & Aquariums for two terms, from 1935-1936 and 1937-1938.


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Context: how big can these sharks grow?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and what is his profession?

Context: Zoologist

Question: what kind of places do these sharks like to live in?

Answer: It favors clear reef environments around oceanic islands

Explanation: It favors clear reef environments around oceanic islands, where it is often the most abundant shark species

Galapagos shark [SEP] Introduction


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Context: how big can these sharks grow?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and what is his profession?

Context: Zoologist

Context: what kind of places do these sharks like to live in?

Context: It favors clear reef environments around oceanic islands

Question: and what does their diet consist of mostly?

Answer: Benthic bony fishes and octopuses

Galapagos shark [SEP] Feeding

The primary food of Galapagos sharks are benthic bony fishes (including eels, sea bass, flatfish, flatheads, and triggerfish) and octopuses. They also occasionally take surface-dwelling prey such as mackerel, flyingfish and squid. As the sharks grow larger, they consume increasing numbers of elasmobranchs (rays and smaller sharks, including of their own species) and crustaceans, as well as indigestible items such as leaves, coral, rocks, and garbage. At the Galapagos Islands, this species has been observed attacking Galapagos fur seals ("Arctocephalus galapagoensis") and sea lions ("Zalophus wollebaeki"), and marine iguanas ("Amblyrhynchus cristatus"). While collecting fishes at Clipperton Island, Limbaugh (1963) noted that juvenile Galapagos sharks surrounded the boat, with multiple individuals rushing at virtually anything trailing in the water and striking the boat bottom, oars, and marker buoys.


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Context: how big can these sharks grow?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and what is his profession?

Context: Zoologist

Context: and what does their diet consist of mostly?

Context: Benthic bony fishes and octopuses

Question: how does the second one breath?

Answer: Drawing water into the mantle cavity through an aperture, passing it through the gills, and expelling it through the siphon.

Octopus [SEP] Respiration

Respiration involves drawing water into the mantle cavity through an aperture, passing it through the gills, and expelling it through the siphon. The ingress of water is achieved by contraction of radial muscles in the mantle wall, and flapper valves shut when strong circular muscles force the water out through the siphon. Extensive connective tissue lattices support the respiratory muscles and allow them to expand the respiratory chamber. The lamella structure of the gills allows for a high oxygen uptake, up to 65% in water at . Water flow over the gills correlates with locomotion, and an octopus can propel its body when it expels water out of its siphon.


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Context: how big can these sharks grow?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and what is his profession?

Context: Zoologist

Context: Benthic bony fishes and octopuses

Context: how does the second one breath?

Context: Drawing water into the mantle cavity through an aperture, passing it through the gills, and expelling it through the siphon.

Question: how does the ink sac in their body help them?

Answer: Once they have been seen by a predator, they commonly try to escape but can also use distraction with an ink cloud ejected from the ink sac

Octopus [SEP] Defence

The Atlantic white-spotted octopus ("Callistoctopus macropus") turns bright brownish red with oval white spots all over in a high contrast display. Displays are often reinforced by stretching out the animal's arms, fins or web to make it look as big and threatening as possible. Once they have been seen by a predator, they commonly try to escape but can also use distraction with an ink cloud ejected from the ink sac. The ink is thought to reduce the efficiency of olfactory organs, which would aid evasion from predators that employ smell for hunting, such as sharks. Ink clouds of some species might act as pseudomorphs, or decoys that the predator attacks instead.


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Context: how big can these sharks grow?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and what is his profession?

Context: Zoologist

Context: Benthic bony fishes and octopuses

Context: how does the second one breath?

Context: how does the ink sac in their body help them?

Context: Once they have been seen by a predator, they commonly try to escape but can also use distraction with an ink cloud ejected from the ink sac

Question: are these animals intelligent?

Answer: Yes, Octopuses are highly intelligent; the extent of their intelligence and learning capability are not well defined.

Octopus [SEP] Intelligence

Octopuses are highly intelligent; the extent of their intelligence and learning capability are not well defined. Maze and problem-solving experiments have shown evidence of a memory system that can store both short- and long-term memory. It is not known precisely what contribution learning makes to adult octopus behaviour. Young octopuses learn nothing from their parents, as adults provide no parental care beyond tending to their eggs until the young octopuses hatch. In laboratory experiments, octopuses can be readily trained to distinguish between different shapes and patterns. They have been reported to practise observational learning, although the validity of these findings is contested.


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Context: how big can these sharks grow?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and what is his profession?

Context: Zoologist

Context: Benthic bony fishes and octopuses

Context: how does the second one breath?

Context: are these animals intelligent?

Context: Yes, Octopuses are highly intelligent; the extent of their intelligence and learning capability are not well defined.

Question: what kind of interaction do the sharks have with humans?

Answer: Inquisitive and persistent, the Galapagos shark is regarded as potentially dangerous to humans

Galapagos shark [SEP] Human interactions

Inquisitive and persistent, the Galapagos shark is regarded as potentially dangerous to humans. However, several live-aboard boats take divers to Wolf and Darwin, the northernmost Galapagos islands, every week specifically to dive in open water with these sharks where they and the scalloped hammerheads accumulate in numbers, and no incidents have been reported. They are known to approach close to swimmers, showing interest in swim fins or hands, and are drawn in large numbers by fishing activities. Fitzroy (1839) observed off St. Paul's Rocks that "as soon as a fish was caught, a rush of voracious sharks was made at him, notwithstanding blows of oars and boat hooks, the ravenous monsters could not be deterred from seizing and taking away more than half the fish that were hooked".


Context: The Galapagos shark

Context: which specie do these sharks belong to?

Context: Requiem shark

Context: where these sharks mostly found?

Context: what is their scientific name?

Context: Carcharhinus galapagensis

Context: how big can these sharks grow?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and what is his profession?

Context: Zoologist

Context: Benthic bony fishes and octopuses

Context: how does the second one breath?

Context: are these animals intelligent?

Context: what kind of interaction do the sharks have with humans?

Context: Inquisitive and persistent, the Galapagos shark is regarded as potentially dangerous to humans

Question: are these sharks protected by anyone?

Answer: No, the New Zealand Department of Conservation has classified the Galapagos shark as "Not Threatened" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System with the qualifiers "Conservation Dependent" and "Secure Overseas".

Explanation: The New Zealand Department of Conservation has classified the Galapagos shark as "Not Threatened" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System with the qualifiers "Conservation Dependent" and "Secure Overseas".

Galapagos shark [SEP] Conservation status


Question: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Answer: It is an episode of the American musical television series "Glee".

The Spanish Teacher [SEP] Introduction

"The Spanish Teacher" is the twelfth episode of the third season of the American musical television series "Glee", and the fifty-sixth overall. Written by co-creator Ian Brennan and directed by Paris Barclay, the episode aired on Fox in the United States on February 7, 2012. It features special guest star Ricky Martin as a night-school Spanish teacher whom Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) introduces to McKinley High, and shows several of McKinley's teachers competing for a promotion when a tenured position unexpectedly becomes available. The episode received mixed to positive reviews, and many critics considered Martin to be a highlight. Reaction to the music as a whole was less enthusiastic than for the episode itself, though "La Isla Bonita" and "Don't Wanna Lose You" were given a generally favorable reception.


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: It is an episode of the American musical television series "Glee".

Question: what is the series about?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Spanish Teacher [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: name a few characters from the episode?

Answer: Will Schuester, Sue Sylvester, David Martinez, to name a few.

Explanation: The retirement of a history teacher opens a tenured position at McKinley High. Spanish teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) and cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) both want the promotion, but anonymous students have registered complaints about the pair. Determined to polish up his language skills, Will goes to night school for a refresher course and meets instructor David Martinez (Ricky Martin), who points out that kids learn better through music. Will assigns a Spanish-themed week to New Directions and David helps by singing "Sexy and I Know It" partially in Spanish. Santana (Naya Rivera) suggests that Will now has a rival and needs to defend his honor.

The Spanish Teacher [SEP] Plot


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few characters from the episode?

Context: Will Schuester, Sue Sylvester, David Martinez, to name a few.

Question: who is the second character?

Answer: It is a fictional character portrayed by actress Jane Lynch

Sue Sylvester [SEP] Introduction

Sue Sylvester is a fictional character of the Fox musical comedy-drama series, "Glee". The character is portrayed by actress Jane Lynch, and appears in "Glee" from its pilot episode, first broadcast on May 19, 2009, through the show's final episode, first broadcast on March 20, 2015. Sue was developed by "Glee" creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk, and Ian Brennan. For the show's first four seasons, Sue is the track-suit wearing coach of the William McKinley High School cheerleading squad, and a ruthless bully to both students and faculty members alike. Because her cheerleading squad competes with the glee club for the school's limited funding, she is often at odds with the club and more particularly its director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison).


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few characters from the episode?

Context: who is the second character?

Context: It is a fictional character portrayed by actress Jane Lynch

Question: what was the idea behind the creation of such a character?

Answer: It was created as a need for villain in the series.

Sue Sylvester [SEP] Casting and creation

Sue is played by Jane Lynch. The character did not exist when the script for the "Glee" pilot was first submitted to Fox. In an interview with "Entertainment Weekly", Ryan Murphy said that Fox Entertainment president Kevin Reilly was responsible for her creation. On our first call, Kevin said, "You need a villain, Murphy remembered. 'And I said, "You know, you're right." I knew exactly who she is. I said, "Her name is Sue Sylvester. And she is the cheerleading coach. And she may be on horse estrogen. The casting notice described Sue as "the anal, tightly wound, and ruthlessly ambitious leader of the Harrison High cheer leading squad." At the time she was cast as Sue, Lynch was already committed to do a Damon Wayans pilot for ABC.


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few characters from the episode?

Context: who is the second character?

Context: what was the idea behind the creation of such a character?

Context: It was created as a need for villain in the series.

Question: did the character leave any impact?

Answer: Yes, a wax figure of Lynch as Sue was created in the Madame Tussauds wax museum in Hollywood.

Explanation: Lynch was selected as the 2010 principal honoree of Madame Tussauds wax museum in Hollywood. A wax figure of Lynch as Sue was created, featuring the character's trademark tracksuit and bullhorn. At the August unveiling of the figure, Brennan commented that Sue would approve of being immortalized in such a manner.

Sue Sylvester [SEP] Impact


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few characters from the episode?

Context: who is the second character?

Context: did the character leave any impact?

Context: Yes, a wax figure of Lynch as Sue was created in the Madame Tussauds wax museum in Hollywood.

Question: describe the character in few words?

Answer: Sue is the track-suit wearing coach of the William McKinley High School cheerleading squad, and a ruthless bully to both students and faculty members alike.

Explanation: For the show's first four seasons, Sue is the track-suit wearing coach of the William McKinley High School cheerleading squad, and a ruthless bully to both students and faculty members alike.

Sue Sylvester [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few characters from the episode?

Context: who is the second character?

Context: did the character leave any impact?

Context: describe the character in few words?

Context: Sue is the track-suit wearing coach of the William McKinley High School cheerleading squad, and a ruthless bully to both students and faculty members alike.

Question: which was lynch's first tv series?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Sue Sylvester [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few characters from the episode?

Context: who is the second character?

Context: did the character leave any impact?

Context: describe the character in few words?

Context: which was lynch's first tv series?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was the museum earlier mentioned established?

Answer: 1835

Explanation: Madame Tussauds (, ) is a wax museum in London; it has smaller museums in a number of other major cities. It was founded by wax sculptor Marie Tussaud in 1835. It used to be spelled as "Madame Tussaud's"; the apostrophe is no longer used. Madame Tussauds is a major tourist attraction in London, displaying the waxworks of famous and historical figures, as well as popular film and television characters played by famous actors.

Madame Tussauds [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few characters from the episode?

Context: who is the second character?

Context: did the character leave any impact?

Context: describe the character in few words?

Context: which was lynch's first tv series?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the museum earlier mentioned established?

Question: who is it named after?

Answer: Marie Tussaud

Explanation: Madame Tussauds (, ) is a wax museum in London; it has smaller museums in a number of other major cities. It was founded by wax sculptor Marie Tussaud in 1835.

Madame Tussauds [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few characters from the episode?

Context: who is the second character?

Context: did the character leave any impact?

Context: describe the character in few words?

Context: which was lynch's first tv series?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is it named after?

Context: Marie Tussaud

Question: who is she?

Answer: A French artist known for her wax sculptures

Explanation: Anna Maria "Marie" Tussaud (; née Grosholtz; 1 December 1761 – 16 April 1850) was a French artist known for her wax sculptures and Madame Tussauds, the wax museum she founded in London.

Marie Tussaud [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few characters from the episode?

Context: who is the second character?

Context: did the character leave any impact?

Context: describe the character in few words?

Context: which was lynch's first tv series?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is it named after?

Context: Marie Tussaud

Context: who is she?

Context: A French artist known for her wax sculptures

Question: what role did she play in the french revolution?

Answer: She was perceived as a royal sympathiser; in the Reign of Terror she was arrested, along with Joséphine de Beauharnais.

Marie Tussaud [SEP] French Revolution

On 12 July 1789, wax heads of Jacques Necker and the duc d'Orléans made by Curtius were carried in a protest march two days before the attack on the Bastille. Tussaud was perceived as a royal sympathiser; in the Reign of Terror she was arrested, along with Joséphine de Beauharnais, and her head was shaved in preparation for her execution by guillotine. She said she was released thanks to Collot d'Herbois' support for Curtius and his household. Tussaud said she was then employed to make death masks and whole body casts of the revolution's famous victims, including Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Marat, and Robespierre.


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few characters from the episode?

Context: who is the second character?

Context: did the character leave any impact?

Context: describe the character in few words?

Context: which was lynch's first tv series?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is it named after?

Context: Marie Tussaud

Context: who is she?

Context: what role did she play in the french revolution?

Context: She was perceived as a royal sympathiser; in the Reign of Terror she was arrested, along with Joséphine de Beauharnais.

Question: was she executed after getting arrested?

Answer: No, her head was shaved for execution but then she was released.

Marie Tussaud [SEP] French Revolution


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: what is the series about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few characters from the episode?

Context: who is the second character?

Context: did the character leave any impact?

Context: describe the character in few words?

Context: which was lynch's first tv series?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is it named after?

Context: Marie Tussaud

Context: who is she?

Context: was she executed after getting arrested?

Context: No, her head was shaved for execution but then she was released.

Question: when was she released?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Marie Tussaud [SEP] French Revolution


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Context: Marie Tussaud

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Question: what kind of legacy did she leave behind?

Answer: Edward Carey's 2018 novel "Little" is a novelization of her work and life.

Marie Tussaud [SEP] Legacy

She is one of the main characters in the book "Faces of the Dead" by Suzanne Weyn. Edward Carey's 2018 novel "Little" is a novelization of her work and life.


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Context: Marie Tussaud

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Context: what kind of legacy did she leave behind?

Context: Edward Carey's 2018 novel "Little" is a novelization of her work and life.

Question: did she take refuge in britain after that incident?

Answer: No, as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, she was unable to return to France so she travelled with her collection throughout the British Isles.

Marie Tussaud [SEP] Great Britain

In 1802, after the Treaty of Amiens, Tussaud went to London with her son Joseph, then four years old, to present her collection of portraits. She had accepted an invitation from Paul Philidor, a magic lantern and phantasmagoria pioneer, to exhibit her work alongside his show at the Lyceum Theatre. She did not fare particularly well financially, and left for Edinburgh in 1803. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars, Tussaud was unable to return to France so she travelled with her collection throughout the British Isles. In 1822, she reunited with her other son, François, who joined her in the family business.


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Context: Marie Tussaud

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Context: No, as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, she was unable to return to France so she travelled with her collection throughout the British Isles.

Question: when did she die?

Answer: 16 April 1850

Marie Tussaud [SEP] Great Britain

She died in her sleep in London on 16 April 1850 at the age of 88. There is a memorial tablet to Madame Marie Tussaud on the right side of the nave of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Cadogan Street, London.


Context: what is "the spanish teacher"?

Context: It is an episode of the American musical television series "Glee".

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Context: Will Schuester, Sue Sylvester, David Martinez, to name a few.

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Context: It is a fictional character portrayed by actress Jane Lynch

Context: what was the idea behind the creation of such a character?

Context: It was created as a need for villain in the series.

Context: did the character leave any impact?

Context: Yes, a wax figure of Lynch as Sue was created in the Madame Tussauds wax museum in Hollywood.

Context: describe the character in few words?

Context: Sue is the track-suit wearing coach of the William McKinley High School cheerleading squad, and a ruthless bully to both students and faculty members alike.

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Context: when was the museum earlier mentioned established?

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Context: Marie Tussaud

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Context: A French artist known for her wax sculptures

Context: what role did she play in the french revolution?

Context: She was perceived as a royal sympathiser; in the Reign of Terror she was arrested, along with Joséphine de Beauharnais.

Context: was she executed after getting arrested?

Context: No, her head was shaved for execution but then she was released.

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Context: what kind of legacy did she leave behind?

Context: Edward Carey's 2018 novel "Little" is a novelization of her work and life.

Context: did she take refuge in britain after that incident?

Context: No, as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, she was unable to return to France so she travelled with her collection throughout the British Isles.

Context: when did she die?

Context: 16 April 1850

Question: when was "the spanish teacher" episode released?

Answer: February 7, 2012

Explanation: Written by co-creator Ian Brennan and directed by Paris Barclay, the episode aired on Fox in the United States on February 7, 2012.

The Spanish Teacher [SEP] Introduction


Question: shall i compare thee to a summer's day thou art more lovely and more temperate meaning

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Sonnet 18 [SEP] Introduction

Sonnet 18 is one of the best-known of the 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. In the sonnet, the speaker asks whether he should compare the young man to a summer's day, but notes that the young man has qualities that surpass a summer's day. He also notes the qualities of a summer day are subject to change and will eventually diminish. The speaker then states that the young man will live forever in the lines of the poem, as long as it can be read. There is an irony being expressed in this sonnet: it is not the actual young man who will be eternalized, but the description of him contained in the poem, and the poem contains scant or no description of the young man, but instead contains vivid and lasting descriptions of a summer day; which the young man is supposed to outlive.


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Question: what is this sonnet?

Answer: Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet, having 14 lines of iambic pentameter: three quatrains followed by a couplet.  The poem reflects the rhetorical tradition of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet.

Sonnet 18 [SEP] Structure

Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet, having 14 lines of iambic pentameter: three quatrains followed by a couplet. It also has the characteristic rhyme scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. The poem reflects the rhetorical tradition of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet. Petrarchan sonnets typically discussed the love and beauty of a beloved, often an unattainable love, but not always. It also contains a "volta", or shift in the poem's subject matter, beginning with the third quatrain. The couplet's first line exemplifies a regular iambic pentameter rhythm:


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Context: what is this sonnet?

Context: Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet, having 14 lines of iambic pentameter: three quatrains followed by a couplet.  The poem reflects the rhetorical tradition of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet.

Question: who wrote it?

Answer: William Shakespeare

Explanation: poet William Shakespeare.

Sonnet 15 [SEP] Introduction

Sonnet 15 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It forms a diptych with Sonnet 16, as Sonnet 16 starts with "But...", and is thus fully part of the procreation sonnets, even though it does not contain an encouragement to procreate. The sonnet is within the Fair Youth sequence.


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Context: who wrote it?

Context: William Shakespeare

Question: who is he?

Answer: He  was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist.

William Shakespeare [SEP] Introduction

William Shakespeare (bapt. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. They also continue to be studied and reinterpreted.


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Context: William Shakespeare

Context: who is he?

Context: He  was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist.

Question: where is he from ?

Answer: Stratford-upon-Avon

William Shakespeare [SEP] Early life

William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, where he was baptised on 26 April 1564. His date of birth is unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son. Although no attendance records for the period survive, most biographers agree that Shakespeare was probably educated at the King's New School in Stratford, a free school chartered in 1553, about a quarter-mile (400 m) from his home.


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Context: William Shakespeare

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from ?

Context: Stratford-upon-Avon

Question: name few dramas that he has done?

Answer: "Hamlet", "Romeo and Juliet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth"

William Shakespeare [SEP] Introduction

Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best work produced in these genres. Until about 1608, he wrote mainly tragedies, among them "Hamlet", "Romeo and Juliet", "Othello", "King Lear", and "Macbeth", all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights.


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Context: who wrote it?

Context: William Shakespeare

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from ?

Context: Stratford-upon-Avon

Context: name few dramas that he has done?

Context: "Hamlet", "Romeo and Juliet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth"

Question: what is the second about?

Answer: It is about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families.

Romeo and Juliet [SEP] Introduction

Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with "Hamlet", is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. "Romeo and Juliet" belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an Italian tale translated into verse as "The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet" by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and retold in prose in "Palace of Pleasure" by William Painter in 1567.


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Context: William Shakespeare

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Context: Stratford-upon-Avon

Context: name few dramas that he has done?

Context: what is the second about?

Context: It is about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families.

Question: is this theme borrowed from somewhere?

Answer: Yes,  "Romeo and Juliet" borrows from a tradition of tragic love stories dating back to antiquity. One of these is Pyramus and Thisbe, from Ovid's "Metamorphoses"

Romeo and Juliet [SEP] Sources

"Romeo and Juliet" borrows from a tradition of tragic love stories dating back to antiquity. One of these is Pyramus and Thisbe, from Ovid's "Metamorphoses", which contains parallels to Shakespeare's story: the lovers' parents despise each other, and Pyramus falsely believes his lover Thisbe is dead. The "Ephesiaca" of Xenophon of Ephesus, written in the 3rd century, also contains several similarities to the play, including the separation of the lovers, and a potion that induces a deathlike sleep. One of the earliest references to the names "Montague" and "Capulet" is from Dante's "Divine Comedy", who mentions the Montecchi ("Montagues") and the Cappelletti ("Capulets") in canto six of Purgatorio: However, the reference is part of a polemic against the moral decay of Florence, Lombardy, and the Italian Peninsula as a whole; Dante, through his characters, chastises German King Albert I for neglecting his responsibilities towards Italy ("you who are negligent"), and successive popes for their encroachment from purely spiritual affairs, thus leading to a climate of incessant bickering and warfare between rival political parties in Lombardy.


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Context: Stratford-upon-Avon

Context: name few dramas that he has done?

Context: what is the second about?

Context: is this theme borrowed from somewhere?

Context: Yes,  "Romeo and Juliet" borrows from a tradition of tragic love stories dating back to antiquity. One of these is Pyramus and Thisbe, from Ovid's "Metamorphoses"

Question: what is the fourth play about?

Answer: King Lear tells the tale of a king who bequeaths his power and land to two of his three daughters, after they declare their love for him in a fawning and obsequious manner.

King Lear [SEP] Introduction

King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. It tells the tale of a king who bequeaths his power and land to two of his three daughters, after they declare their love for him in a fawning and obsequious manner. His third daughter gets nothing, because she will not flatter him as her sisters had done. When he feels he has been treated with disrespect by the two daughters who now have his wealth and power, he becomes furious to the point of madness. He eventually becomes tenderly reconciled to his third daughter, just before tragedy strikes her and then the king.


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Context: William Shakespeare

Context: who is he?

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Context: Stratford-upon-Avon

Context: name few dramas that he has done?

Context: what is the second about?

Context: is this theme borrowed from somewhere?

Context: what is the fourth play about?

Context: King Lear tells the tale of a king who bequeaths his power and land to two of his three daughters, after they declare their love for him in a fawning and obsequious manner.

Question: any books associated with it?

Answer: Leir of Britain, "The Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande"

King Lear [SEP] Sources

Shakespeare's play is based on various accounts of the semi-legendary Brythonic figure Leir of Britain, whose name has been linked by some scholars to the Brythonic god Lir/Llŷr, though in actuality the names are not etymologically related. Shakespeare's most important source is probably the second edition of "The Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande" by Raphael Holinshed, published in 1587. Holinshed himself found the story in the earlier "Historia Regum Britanniae" by Geoffrey of Monmouth, which was written in the 12th century. Edmund Spenser's "The Faerie Queene", published 1590, also contains a character named Cordelia, who also dies from hanging, as in "King Lear".


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Context: William Shakespeare

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Context: Stratford-upon-Avon

Context: name few dramas that he has done?

Context: what is the second about?

Context: is this theme borrowed from somewhere?

Context: what is the fourth play about?

Context: any books associated with it?

Context: Leir of Britain, "The Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande"

Question: who wrote the first?

Answer: Geoffrey of Monmouth

Explanation: Geoffrey of Monmouth

Leir of Britain [SEP] Introduction

Leir was a legendary king of the Britons whose story was recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his pseudohistorical 12th-century "History of the Kings of Britain". According to Geoffrey's genealogy of the British dynasty, Leir's reign would have occurred around the 8th century BC, around the time of the founding of Rome. The story was modified and retold by William Shakespeare in his Jacobean tragedy "King Lear".


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Context: William Shakespeare

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Context: Stratford-upon-Avon

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Context: any books associated with it?

Context: who wrote the first?

Context: Geoffrey of Monmouth

Question: who is he ?

Answer: He was a British cleric and one of the major figures in the development of British historiography and the popularity of tales of King Arthur.

Geoffrey of Monmouth [SEP] Introduction

Geoffrey of Monmouth (, ; c. 1095 – c. 1155) was a British cleric and one of the major figures in the development of British historiography and the popularity of tales of King Arthur. He is best known for his chronicle "The History of the Kings of Britain" ( or "") which was widely popular in its day, being translated into other languages from its original Latin. It was given historical credence well into the 16th century, but is now considered historically unreliable.


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Context: William Shakespeare

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Context: Stratford-upon-Avon

Context: name few dramas that he has done?

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Context: any books associated with it?

Context: who wrote the first?

Context: Geoffrey of Monmouth

Context: who is he ?

Context: He was a British cleric and one of the major figures in the development of British historiography and the popularity of tales of King Arthur.

Question: where is he from?

Answer: Wales

Explanation: Wales

Geoffrey of Monmouth [SEP] Biography

Geoffrey was born between about 1090 and 1100, in Wales or the Welsh Marches. He had reached the age of majority by 1129 when he is recorded as witnessing a charter. Geoffrey refers to himself in his "Historia" as "Galfridus Monemutensis" (Geoffrey of Monmouth), which indicates a significant connection to Monmouth, Wales, and may refer to his birthplace. His works attest to some acquaintance with the place-names of the region. Geoffrey was known to his contemporaries as "Galfridus Arturus" or variants thereof. The "Arthur" in these versions of his name may indicate the name of his father or a nickname based on his scholarly interests.


Question: when did the british monarchy stop ruling england

Answer: 1649

Monarchy of the United Kingdom [SEP] Personal union and republican phase

He provoked opposition by ruling without Parliament from 1629 to 1640, unilaterally levying taxes and adopting controversial religious policies (many of which were offensive to the Scottish Presbyterians and the English Puritans). His attempt to enforce Anglicanism led to organised rebellion in Scotland (the "Bishops' Wars") and ignited the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. In 1642, the conflict between the King and English Parliament reached its climax and the English Civil War began. The Civil War culminated in the execution of the king in 1649, the overthrow of the English monarchy, and the establishment of the Commonwealth of England. Charles I's son, Charles II, was proclaimed King of Great Britain in Scotland, but he was forced to flee abroad after he invaded England and was defeated at the Battle of Worcester.


Context: when did the british monarchy stop ruling england

Question: what style of ruling did they follow?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Elizabeth I's death in 1603 ended Tudor rule in England. Since she had no children, she was succeeded by the Scottish monarch James VI, who was the great-grandson of Henry VIII's older sister and hence Elizabeth's first cousin twice removed. James VI ruled in England as James I after what was known as the "Union of the Crowns". Although England and Scotland were in personal union under one monarch – James I became the first monarch to style himself "King of Great Britain" in 1604 – they remained two separate kingdoms. James I's successor, Charles I, experienced frequent conflicts with the English Parliament related to the issue of royal and parliamentary powers, especially the power to impose taxes.


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Question: what is the official residence of the monarch known as?

Answer: Buckingham Palace

Monarchy of the United Kingdom [SEP] Residences

The sovereign's official residence in London is Buckingham Palace. It is the site of most state banquets, investitures, royal christenings and other ceremonies. Another official residence is Windsor Castle, the largest occupied castle in the world, which is used principally at weekends, Easter and during Royal Ascot, an annual race meeting that is part of the social calendar. The sovereign's official residence in Scotland is the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh. The monarch stays at Holyrood for at least one week each year, and when visiting Scotland on state occasions. Historically, the Palace of Westminster and the Tower of London were the main residences of the English Sovereign until Henry VIII acquired the Palace of Whitehall.


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Context: what is the official residence of the monarch known as?

Context: Buckingham Palace

Question: when was it built?

Answer: 1703

Buckingham Palace [SEP] Introduction

Buckingham Palace () is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning. Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as "The Queen's House".


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Context: Buckingham Palace

Context: when was it built?

Question: what sort of functions do take place here?

Answer: Most state banquets, investitures, royal christenings and other ceremonies

Explanation: The sovereign's official residence in London is Buckingham Palace. It is the site of most state banquets, investitures, royal christenings and other ceremonies


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Context: Buckingham Palace

Context: when was it built?

Context: what sort of functions do take place here?

Context: Most state banquets, investitures, royal christenings and other ceremonies

Question: does it have gardens in it?

Answer: Yes. At the rear of the palace is the large and park-like garden, which together with its lake is the largest private garden in London

Buckingham Palace [SEP] Garden and surroundings

At the rear of the palace is the large and park-like garden, which together with its lake is the largest private garden in London. There, the Queen hosts her annual garden parties each summer and also holds large functions to celebrate royal milestones, such as jubilees. It covers and includes a helicopter landing area, a lake, and a tennis court. Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed. This rococo gilt coach, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760, has painted panels by G. B.


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Context: Buckingham Palace

Context: when was it built?

Context: does it have gardens in it?

Context: Yes. At the rear of the palace is the large and park-like garden, which together with its lake is the largest private garden in London

Question: has it witnessed any threat to the security of it?

Answer: Yes. At least 12 people have managed to gain unauthorized entry into the palace or its grounds since 1914

Buckingham Palace [SEP] Security breaches

The boy Jones was an intruder who gained entry to the palace on three occasions between 1838 and 1841. At least 12 people have managed to gain unauthorised entry into the palace or its grounds since 1914, including Michael Fagan, who broke into the palace twice in 1982 and entered the Queen's bedroom on the second occasion. At the time, news media reported that he had a long conversation with the Queen while she waited for security officers to arrive, but in a 2012 interview with "The Independent", Fagan said the Queen ran out of the room, and no conversation took place.


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Context: Buckingham Palace

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Context: does it have gardens in it?

Context: has it witnessed any threat to the security of it?

Context: Yes. At least 12 people have managed to gain unauthorized entry into the palace or its grounds since 1914

Question: can you name any of them?

Answer: The boy Jones and Michael Fagan

Explanation: The boy Jones was an intruder who gained entry to the palace on three occasions between 1838 and 1841. At least 12 people have managed to gain unauthorised entry into the palace or its grounds since 1914, including Michael Fagan, who broke into the palace twice in 1982


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Context: Buckingham Palace

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Context: can you name any of them?

Context: The boy Jones and Michael Fagan

Question: who is the former?

Answer: Edward Jones was a British teenager who became notorious for breaking into Buckingham Palace multiple times between 1838 and 1841

The boy Jones [SEP] Introduction

Edward Jones (1824 – December 26, 1893), nicknamed "the boy Jones" by newspapers of the time, was a British teenager who became notorious for breaking into Buckingham Palace multiple times between 1838 and 1841. He later became the subject of a children's book and the film "The Mudlark". The full story of his activities has been told in the 2010 book "Queen Victoria's Stalker: The Strange Case of the Boy Jones", written by Jan Bondeson.


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Context: Buckingham Palace

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Context: The boy Jones and Michael Fagan

Context: who is the former?

Context: Edward Jones was a British teenager who became notorious for breaking into Buckingham Palace multiple times between 1838 and 1841

Question: did he get arrested for that?

Answer: Yes. Multiple times

The boy Jones [SEP] Arrests

On 1 December 1840, he broke in again. Shortly after midnight, Baroness Lehzen discovered him under a sofa in the Queen's dressing room and he was arrested. His father's plea of insanity being without success, he was sentenced to three months in a house of correction. The 1840 incident caused a stir because initially, it was feared that it might affect the Queen, happening so shortly after childbirth. Before his release from Tothill Fields Prison on 2 March 1841, attempts were made to persuade Jones to join the Navy. On 15 March 1841, after a snack in one of the royal apartments, "the boy Jones" was caught by the reinforced police force guarding the palace.


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Context: The boy Jones and Michael Fagan

Context: who is the former?

Context: did he get arrested for that?

Context: Yes. Multiple times

Question: what other crimes has he been a part of?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The boy Jones [SEP] Arrests

In 1838, aged approximately 14, Jones entered Buckingham Palace disguised as a chimney sweep. He was caught by a porter in the Marble Hall and, after a chase, captured by the police in St James's Street, with Queen Victoria's underwear stuffed down his trousers. He was brought before Queen Square Police Court on 14 December. It turned out that he had frequently mentioned his intention to enter the palace to his employer, a builder. Although he had apparently stolen linen and a regimental sword from the palace, he was acquitted by the jury. On 30 November 1840, nine days after the birth of Queen Victoria's first child, Princess Victoria, he "scaled the wall of Buckingham Palace about half-way up Constitution Hill", entered the palace, and left undetected.