Context: when was it founded?

Context: 10 January, 1920.

Context: why type of body is this?

Context: The "First World War".

Context: apart from the founder, name some people who were a part of this agency.

Context: "William Randal Cremer" and "Frédéric Passy".

Question: what is the professional background of this second person mentioned?

Answer: He started his career as a accountant. Later he served in the "National Guard", resigned in 1849 to start a career as an economist.

Frédéric Passy [SEP] Early career

From 1846, Passy worked as an accountant in the Conseil de Droit. In 1848, he served in the National Guard. He resigned from his Conseil position in 1849 to start a career as an economist. He was unable to secure a full-time position in education; he refused to swear the mandatory oath of loyalty to French monarch Napoleon III, believing his rule to be illegitimate. However, Passy published several books on economics during this time, the majority of them compiled from his lectures at universities in Pau, Montpellier, Bordeaux, and Nice.


Context: who is the founder of the league of nations

Context: The U.S. President in 1919, "Woodrow Wilson".

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 10 January, 1920.

Context: why type of body is this?

Context: It is an intergovernmental organisation.

Context: list some of the countries that were a part of this organization.

Context: Egypt, Costa Rica, Brazil, Haiti and Iraq were some of them.

Context: what is the symbol of this organization?

Context: It is a semi-official emblem for the League of Nations emerged: two five-pointed stars within a blue pentagon. They symbolised the Earth's five continents and "five races." A bow at the top displayed the English name ("League of Nations"), while another at the bottom showed the French ("Société des Nations").

Context: what could be the possible events that took place which led them to establish this organization?

Context: The "First World War".

Context: what are some of the objectives of this agency?

Context: The organisation's primary goals, were preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.

Context: what are some of their contributions implemented in maintaining their objectives?

Context: Annual conferences were established to help governments refine the process of international arbitration.

Context: what is the professional background of this second person mentioned?

Context: He started his career as a accountant. Later he served in the "National Guard", resigned in 1849 to start a career as an economist.

Question: what is his connection to this intergovernmental organisation?

Answer: In April 1867, the Paris newspaper "Le Temps" published three letters attacking the actions of the French concerning Luxembourg, the third of which was written by Passy. The letter invited readers to join a "peace league".

Frédéric Passy [SEP] Founding the League

In April 1867, the Paris newspaper "Le Temps" published three letters attacking the actions of the French concerning Luxembourg, the third of which was written by Passy. The letter invited readers to join a "peace league", and was given enthusiastic support by: Henry Richard, secretary of the Peace Society, visited Paris in that year and urged the Minister of the Interior to allow an international peace congress during the 1867 Paris Exposition. The idea was rejected, but the government eventually allowed lectures on the general principles of peace go ahead, with the condition that no questions were asked afterwards. In May 1867, Passy and Chevalier received permission to organize the (International and Permanent League of Peace).


Context: when was it founded?

Context: 10 January, 1920.

Context: why type of body is this?

Context: The "First World War".

Context: what is his connection to this intergovernmental organisation?

Context: In April 1867, the Paris newspaper "Le Temps" published three letters attacking the actions of the French concerning Luxembourg, the third of which was written by Passy. The letter invited readers to join a "peace league".

Question: what are some of the awards or honors conferred to him?

Answer: In December 1901, he was awarded half of the first "Nobel Peace Prize".

Explanation: In December 1901, Passy was awarded half of the first Nobel Peace Prize, which was split with Henry Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross, and each received over 100,000 francs.

Frédéric Passy [SEP] Nobel Peace Prize

Being too elderly and ill to attend the ceremony in Christiania (now Oslo), neither Passy or Dunant delivered an acceptance speech. Instead, Passy wrote an article to be released posthumously, criticising Alfred Nobel's executors for using his money to create foundations he did not intend, and suggesting that the award could weaken the peace movement by attracting disingenuous money-seekers instead of peace-seekers. The article was published by the peace journal ("Peace Through Law") in 1926. Despite Passy's objections, Professor of History Sandi E. Cooper notes, the prize money was most likely used to fund his peace activism.


Context: when was it founded?

Context: 10 January, 1920.

Context: why type of body is this?

Context: The "First World War".

Context: apart from the founder, name some people who were a part of this agency.

Context: "William Randal Cremer" and "Frédéric Passy".

Context: what are some of the awards or honors conferred to him?

Context: In December 1901, he was awarded half of the first "Nobel Peace Prize".

Question: is there any event that he witnessed or heard that made him a peacemaker?

Answer: The stories about the horrors of the French conquest of Algeria pushed him to consider the effect that war had upon humanity.

Frédéric Passy [SEP] Development of ideas

Instead, the stories about the horrors of the French conquest of Algeria pushed him to consider the effect that war had upon humanity. Years of violent discontent in Italy, Poland, and Austria and Prussia led to calls for a Europe federation from prominent liberals and socialists: Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Émile de Girardin, Passy, and Michel Chevalier were all advocates of this idea. In 1859, Passy condemned the idea that military action could be a solution to political issues, suggesting instead that Europe should have a "permanent congress to oversee the general interests of humanity" and an international police force. Recognising the importance of journalism in the fight for peace, he conceived a plan to create a journal devoted to "pacific propaganda".


Context: who is the founder of the league of nations

Context: The U.S. President in 1919, "Woodrow Wilson".

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 10 January, 1920.

Context: why type of body is this?

Context: It is an intergovernmental organisation.

Context: list some of the countries that were a part of this organization.

Context: Egypt, Costa Rica, Brazil, Haiti and Iraq were some of them.

Context: what is the symbol of this organization?

Context: It is a semi-official emblem for the League of Nations emerged: two five-pointed stars within a blue pentagon. They symbolised the Earth's five continents and "five races." A bow at the top displayed the English name ("League of Nations"), while another at the bottom showed the French ("Société des Nations").

Context: what could be the possible events that took place which led them to establish this organization?

Context: The "First World War".

Context: what are some of the objectives of this agency?

Context: The organisation's primary goals, were preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.

Context: what are some of their contributions implemented in maintaining their objectives?

Context: Annual conferences were established to help governments refine the process of international arbitration.

Context: what is the professional background of this second person mentioned?

Context: He started his career as a accountant. Later he served in the "National Guard", resigned in 1849 to start a career as an economist.

Context: what is his connection to this intergovernmental organisation?

Context: In April 1867, the Paris newspaper "Le Temps" published three letters attacking the actions of the French concerning Luxembourg, the third of which was written by Passy. The letter invited readers to join a "peace league".

Context: what are some of the awards or honors conferred to him?

Context: In December 1901, he was awarded half of the first "Nobel Peace Prize".

Context: is there any event that he witnessed or heard that made him a peacemaker?

Context: The stories about the horrors of the French conquest of Algeria pushed him to consider the effect that war had upon humanity.

Question: when did that conquest take place?

Answer: It took place between 1830 and 1903.

French conquest of Algeria [SEP] Introduction

The French conquest of Algeria took place between 1830 and 1903. It is followed by the genocide of between 500,000 and 1 million Algerians by the French forces, which destroyed one third of the population. In 1827, an argument between Hussein Dey, the ruler of the Ottoman Regency of Algiers, and the French consul escalated into a naval blockade, following which France invaded and quickly seized Algiers in 1830, and seized other coastal communities. Amid internal political strife in France, decisions were repeatedly taken to retain control of the territory, and additional military forces were brought in over the following years to quell resistance in the interior of the country.


Context: who is the founder of the league of nations

Context: The U.S. President in 1919, "Woodrow Wilson".

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 10 January, 1920.

Context: why type of body is this?

Context: It is an intergovernmental organisation.

Context: list some of the countries that were a part of this organization.

Context: Egypt, Costa Rica, Brazil, Haiti and Iraq were some of them.

Context: what is the symbol of this organization?

Context: It is a semi-official emblem for the League of Nations emerged: two five-pointed stars within a blue pentagon. They symbolised the Earth's five continents and "five races." A bow at the top displayed the English name ("League of Nations"), while another at the bottom showed the French ("Société des Nations").

Context: what could be the possible events that took place which led them to establish this organization?

Context: The "First World War".

Context: what are some of the objectives of this agency?

Context: The organisation's primary goals, were preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.

Context: what are some of their contributions implemented in maintaining their objectives?

Context: Annual conferences were established to help governments refine the process of international arbitration.

Context: apart from the founder, name some people who were a part of this agency.

Context: "William Randal Cremer" and "Frédéric Passy".

Context: what is the professional background of this second person mentioned?

Context: He started his career as a accountant. Later he served in the "National Guard", resigned in 1849 to start a career as an economist.

Context: what is his connection to this intergovernmental organisation?

Context: In April 1867, the Paris newspaper "Le Temps" published three letters attacking the actions of the French concerning Luxembourg, the third of which was written by Passy. The letter invited readers to join a "peace league".

Context: what are some of the awards or honors conferred to him?

Context: In December 1901, he was awarded half of the first "Nobel Peace Prize".

Context: is there any event that he witnessed or heard that made him a peacemaker?

Context: The stories about the horrors of the French conquest of Algeria pushed him to consider the effect that war had upon humanity.

Context: when did that conquest take place?

Context: It took place between 1830 and 1903.

Question: what was the reason which led to this clash?

Answer: Barbary privateering, slave trade and piracy were some of the reasons.

Explanation: The conquest of Algeria began in the last days of the Bourbon Restoration by Charles X of France. It aimed to put a definite end to Barbary privateering and increase the king's popularity among the French people, particularly in Paris, where many veterans of the Napoleonic Wars lived. Algerian slave trade and piracy immediately ceased after the French conquered Algiers.

French conquest of Algeria [SEP] Background information


Context: who is the founder of the league of nations

Context: The U.S. President in 1919, "Woodrow Wilson".

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 10 January, 1920.

Context: why type of body is this?

Context: It is an intergovernmental organisation.

Context: list some of the countries that were a part of this organization.

Context: Egypt, Costa Rica, Brazil, Haiti and Iraq were some of them.

Context: what is the symbol of this organization?

Context: It is a semi-official emblem for the League of Nations emerged: two five-pointed stars within a blue pentagon. They symbolised the Earth's five continents and "five races." A bow at the top displayed the English name ("League of Nations"), while another at the bottom showed the French ("Société des Nations").

Context: what could be the possible events that took place which led them to establish this organization?

Context: The "First World War".

Context: what are some of the objectives of this agency?

Context: The organisation's primary goals, were preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.

Context: what are some of their contributions implemented in maintaining their objectives?

Context: Annual conferences were established to help governments refine the process of international arbitration.

Context: apart from the founder, name some people who were a part of this agency.

Context: "William Randal Cremer" and "Frédéric Passy".

Context: what is the professional background of this second person mentioned?

Context: He started his career as a accountant. Later he served in the "National Guard", resigned in 1849 to start a career as an economist.

Context: what is his connection to this intergovernmental organisation?

Context: In April 1867, the Paris newspaper "Le Temps" published three letters attacking the actions of the French concerning Luxembourg, the third of which was written by Passy. The letter invited readers to join a "peace league".

Context: what are some of the awards or honors conferred to him?

Context: In December 1901, he was awarded half of the first "Nobel Peace Prize".

Context: is there any event that he witnessed or heard that made him a peacemaker?

Context: The stories about the horrors of the French conquest of Algeria pushed him to consider the effect that war had upon humanity.

Context: when did that conquest take place?

Context: It took place between 1830 and 1903.

Context: what was the reason which led to this clash?

Context: Barbary privateering, slave trade and piracy were some of the reasons.

Question: approximately how many people died in this clash?

Answer: A mass killing of between 500,000 and 1 million Algerians by the French forces, which destroyed one third of the population.

Explanation: The French conquest of Algeria took place between 1830 and 1903. It is followed by the genocide of between 500,000 and 1 million Algerians by the French forces, which destroyed one third of the population.


Context: who is the founder of the league of nations

Context: The U.S. President in 1919, "Woodrow Wilson".

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 10 January, 1920.

Context: why type of body is this?

Context: It is an intergovernmental organisation.

Context: list some of the countries that were a part of this organization.

Context: Egypt, Costa Rica, Brazil, Haiti and Iraq were some of them.

Context: what is the symbol of this organization?

Context: It is a semi-official emblem for the League of Nations emerged: two five-pointed stars within a blue pentagon. They symbolised the Earth's five continents and "five races." A bow at the top displayed the English name ("League of Nations"), while another at the bottom showed the French ("Société des Nations").

Context: what could be the possible events that took place which led them to establish this organization?

Context: The "First World War".

Context: what are some of the objectives of this agency?

Context: The organisation's primary goals, were preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.

Context: what are some of their contributions implemented in maintaining their objectives?

Context: Annual conferences were established to help governments refine the process of international arbitration.

Context: apart from the founder, name some people who were a part of this agency.

Context: "William Randal Cremer" and "Frédéric Passy".

Context: what is the professional background of this second person mentioned?

Context: He started his career as a accountant. Later he served in the "National Guard", resigned in 1849 to start a career as an economist.

Context: what is his connection to this intergovernmental organisation?

Context: In April 1867, the Paris newspaper "Le Temps" published three letters attacking the actions of the French concerning Luxembourg, the third of which was written by Passy. The letter invited readers to join a "peace league".

Context: what are some of the awards or honors conferred to him?

Context: In December 1901, he was awarded half of the first "Nobel Peace Prize".

Context: is there any event that he witnessed or heard that made him a peacemaker?

Context: The stories about the horrors of the French conquest of Algeria pushed him to consider the effect that war had upon humanity.

Context: when did that conquest take place?

Context: It took place between 1830 and 1903.

Context: what was the reason which led to this clash?

Context: Barbary privateering, slave trade and piracy were some of the reasons.

Context: approximately how many people died in this clash?

Context: A mass killing of between 500,000 and 1 million Algerians by the French forces, which destroyed one third of the population.

Question: did passy founded any peacemaking society?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who is the founder of the league of nations

Context: The U.S. President in 1919, "Woodrow Wilson".

Context: when was it founded?

Context: 10 January, 1920.

Context: why type of body is this?

Context: It is an intergovernmental organisation.

Context: list some of the countries that were a part of this organization.

Context: Egypt, Costa Rica, Brazil, Haiti and Iraq were some of them.

Context: what is the symbol of this organization?

Context: It is a semi-official emblem for the League of Nations emerged: two five-pointed stars within a blue pentagon. They symbolised the Earth's five continents and "five races." A bow at the top displayed the English name ("League of Nations"), while another at the bottom showed the French ("Société des Nations").

Context: what could be the possible events that took place which led them to establish this organization?

Context: The "First World War".

Context: what are some of the objectives of this agency?

Context: The organisation's primary goals, were preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.

Context: what are some of their contributions implemented in maintaining their objectives?

Context: Annual conferences were established to help governments refine the process of international arbitration.

Context: apart from the founder, name some people who were a part of this agency.

Context: "William Randal Cremer" and "Frédéric Passy".

Context: what is the professional background of this second person mentioned?

Context: He started his career as a accountant. Later he served in the "National Guard", resigned in 1849 to start a career as an economist.

Context: what is his connection to this intergovernmental organisation?

Context: In April 1867, the Paris newspaper "Le Temps" published three letters attacking the actions of the French concerning Luxembourg, the third of which was written by Passy. The letter invited readers to join a "peace league".

Context: what are some of the awards or honors conferred to him?

Context: In December 1901, he was awarded half of the first "Nobel Peace Prize".

Context: is there any event that he witnessed or heard that made him a peacemaker?

Context: The stories about the horrors of the French conquest of Algeria pushed him to consider the effect that war had upon humanity.

Context: when did that conquest take place?

Context: It took place between 1830 and 1903.

Context: what was the reason which led to this clash?

Context: Barbary privateering, slave trade and piracy were some of the reasons.

Context: approximately how many people died in this clash?

Context: A mass killing of between 500,000 and 1 million Algerians by the French forces, which destroyed one third of the population.

Context: did passy founded any peacemaking society?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are some of the failures of that intergovernmental organization?

Answer: There were a variety of reasons for this failure, manily general weaknesses within the organisation. Also, the power of the League was limited by the United States' refusal to join.

League of Nations [SEP] General weaknesses

The onset of the Second World War demonstrated that the League had failed in its primary purpose, the prevention of another world war. There were a variety of reasons for this failure, many connected to general weaknesses within the organisation. Additionally, the power of the League was limited by the United States' refusal to join.


Question: who is theobald of bec?

Answer: He was a Norman archbishop of Canterbury.

Explanation: was a Norman archbishop of Canterbury

Theobald of Bec [SEP] Introduction

Theobald of Bec (c. 1090 – 18 April 1161) was a Norman archbishop of Canterbury from 1139 to 1161. His exact birth date is unknown. Some time in the late 11th or early 12th century Theobald became a monk at the Abbey of Bec, rising to the position of abbot in 1137. King Stephen of England chose him to be Archbishop of Canterbury in 1138. Canterbury's claim to primacy over the Welsh ecclesiastics was resolved during Theobald's term of office when Pope Eugene III decided in 1148 in Canterbury's favour. Theobald faced challenges to his authority from a subordinate bishop, Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester and King Stephen's younger brother, and his relationship with King Stephen was turbulent.


Context: who is theobald of bec?

Context: He was a Norman archbishop of Canterbury.

Question: who did he serve?

Answer: King Stephen of England

Explanation: King Stephen of England chose him to be Archbishop of Canterbury in 1138. Canterbury's claim to primacy over the Welsh ecclesiastics was resolved during Theobald's term of office when Pope Eugene III decided in 1148 in Canterbury's favour.

Theobald of Bec [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is theobald of bec?

Context: who did he serve?

Context: King Stephen of England

Question: when was he appointed as archbishop of canterbury?

Answer: 1138

Explanation: King Stephen of England chose him to be Archbishop of Canterbury in 1138.

Theobald of Bec [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is theobald of bec?

Context: who did he serve?

Context: King Stephen of England

Context: when was he appointed as archbishop of canterbury?

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Thierville near Le Bec-Hellouin, in the Risle River valley.

Theobald of Bec [SEP] Family and background

Theobald's family was from the area around Thierville near Le Bec-Hellouin, in the Risle River valley. The modern historian Frank Barlow speculates that Theobald may have been a distant relative of his successor as archbishop, Thomas Becket, as Becket's family came from the same part of Normandy. The exact date of Theobald's birth is unknown; the only clue to his age is that when he died in 1161 contemporaries considered him an old man, suggesting a birth date of perhaps around 1090 to one modern historian. His father was supposedly a knight, but no contemporary reference gives his name. His brother Walter also became a priest, and later a bishop.


Context: who is theobald of bec?

Context: who did he serve?

Context: King Stephen of England

Context: where was he born?

Context: Thierville near Le Bec-Hellouin, in the Risle River valley.

Question: did he have disputes with anyone?

Answer: Yes, with the king Stephen

Explanation: The king was angry with Theobald for attending the council, even though the archbishop intervened with Eugene, who was displeased with the king for forbidding the bishops' attendance. Theobald persuaded Eugene against excommunicating Stephen, asking the pope to allow the king to make amends for his behaviour. But Stephen was unimpressed with Theobald's intercession; he confiscated Theobald's property and banished the archbishop.

Theobald of Bec [SEP] Disputes with Stephen

Theobald persuaded Eugene against excommunicating Stephen, asking the pope to allow the king to make amends for his behaviour. But Stephen was unimpressed with Theobald's intercession; he confiscated Theobald's property and banished the archbishop. In September 1148, the pope put England under interdict, which was ignored except in Canterbury. At first Theobald was in exile at St Omer, where he consecrated Gilbert Foliot as Bishop of Hereford. He then returned to England and set himself up in Framlingham, which was held by Hugh Bigod, an adherent of the Empress. From there he conducted the ecclesiastical business of England, but Theobald's presence in the country posed a threat to Stephen's authority, and Stephen quickly settled the differences between the two.


Context: who is theobald of bec?

Context: who did he serve?

Context: King Stephen of England

Context: where was he born?

Context: did he have disputes with anyone?

Context: Yes, with the king Stephen

Question: where did he get his education?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Theobald was back in Paris in May 1147 to meet with the new pope, Eugene III; among the issues probably discussed was Theobald's dispute with Bernard of St David's. Relations at this time between Theobald and Stephen seem to have been good, but when Eugene summoned the English bishops to the Council of Rheims in April 1148 the king forbade all of them from attending except for three he nominated: Chichester, Hereford and Norwich. Despite having been specifically refused permission Theobald sneaked away in a fishing boat, presumably accompanied by Gilbert Foliot, who attended the council with him. Theobald had a number of reasons for defying the king: chiefly his obedience to the pope's order commanding his attendance, but also to keep the papacy from favouring the newly elected Archbishop of York, Henry Murdac, in the disputes between York and Canterbury.


Context: who is theobald of bec?

Context: who did he serve?

Context: King Stephen of England

Context: where was he born?

Context: did he have disputes with anyone?

Context: Yes, with the king Stephen

Context: where did he get his education?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: describe in few words the relationship with his cathedral clergy?

Answer: At first, there were no disputes, but soon the monks felt that Theobald was cheating them and imposing too rigorous a definition of poverty, and asked that the stewardship of the estates be restored to Parvus.

Explanation: At first, there were no disputes, but soon the monks felt that Theobald was cheating them and imposing too rigorous a definition of poverty, and asked that the stewardship of the estates be restored to Parvus.

Theobald of Bec [SEP] Relations with his cathedral clergy

Theobald refused and the monks attempted to appeal to the papacy. Their envoys, however, were caught by agents of the archbishop and the appeal went nowhere. Theobald then deposed Parvus and appointed a new prior. Theobald's relations with the monks after this point seem to have been without incident.


Context: who is theobald of bec?

Context: who did he serve?

Context: King Stephen of England

Context: where was he born?

Context: did he have disputes with anyone?

Context: Yes, with the king Stephen

Context: where did he get his education?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe in few words the relationship with his cathedral clergy?

Context: At first, there were no disputes, but soon the monks felt that Theobald was cheating them and imposing too rigorous a definition of poverty, and asked that the stewardship of the estates be restored to Parvus.

Question: where did the aforementioned second place where he was born get its name from?

Answer: The village takes its name from the Scandinavian word for creek mouth (bekkr). While Hellouin refers to Blessed Herluin

Le Bec-Hellouin [SEP] Etymology

Known as Beccensis Ecclesia in 1041 and in Beccus Herlevini 1160. The village takes its name from the Scandinavian word for creek mouth (bekkr). While Hellouin refers to Blessed Herluin, founder of the nearby abbey. whose name is of Germanic origin.


Context: who is theobald of bec?

Context: who did he serve?

Context: King Stephen of England

Context: where was he born?

Context: did he have disputes with anyone?

Context: Yes, with the king Stephen

Context: where did he get his education?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did the aforementioned second place where he was born get its name from?

Context: The village takes its name from the Scandinavian word for creek mouth (bekkr). While Hellouin refers to Blessed Herluin

Question: name a few famous people from the village?

Answer: Arnost, bishop of Rochester, England

Explanation: Arnost, bishop of Rochester, England,

Le Bec-Hellouin [SEP] Notable people

Arnost, bishop of Rochester, England, 1076


Context: who is theobald of bec?

Context: who did he serve?

Context: King Stephen of England

Context: where was he born?

Context: did he have disputes with anyone?

Context: Yes, with the king Stephen

Context: where did he get his education?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few famous people from the village?

Context: Arnost, bishop of Rochester, England

Question: who were his patrons?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Le Bec-Hellouin [SEP] Notable people


Context: who is theobald of bec?

Context: who did he serve?

Context: King Stephen of England

Context: where was he born?

Context: did he have disputes with anyone?

Context: Yes, with the king Stephen

Context: where did he get his education?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Arnost, bishop of Rochester, England

Context: who were his patrons?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what position did he have under henry ii?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Le Bec-Hellouin [SEP] Notable people


Context: who is theobald of bec?

Context: who did he serve?

Context: King Stephen of England

Context: where was he born?

Context: did he have disputes with anyone?

Context: Yes, with the king Stephen

Context: where did he get his education?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Arnost, bishop of Rochester, England

Context: who were his patrons?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what position did he have under henry ii?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: mention a few difficulties theobald of bec had with henry of blois?

Answer: Henry supported the appointment of William FitzHerbert as Archbishop of York in 1141, which Theobald opposed. He spoke out against the manner of election.

Theobald of Bec [SEP] Difficulties with Henry of Blois

Theobald's dealings with Henry of Blois, the Bishop of Winchester, his suffragan bishop, were strained because of Henry's position as papal legate. Henry supported the appointment of William FitzHerbert as Archbishop of York in 1141, which Theobald opposed. Although Theobald spoke out against the manner of election, he took little active part in the subsequent electoral disputes, which resulted eventually in the deposition of FitzHerbert and his replacement at York by Henry Murdac. But in September 1143, Henry's legatine powers lapsed when Pope Innocent II, who had made the legatine appointment, died. Celestine II was elected on 26 September 1143, but he was an opponent of Stephen, and thus was not favourably inclined towards Stephen's brother Henry either.


Question: what is no line on the horizon?

Answer: It is the twelfth studio album by Irish rock band U2.

No Line on the Horizon [SEP] Introduction

No Line on the Horizon is the twelfth studio album by Irish rock band U2. It was produced by Brian Eno, Daniel Lanois, and Steve Lillywhite, and was released on 27 February 2009. It was the band's first record since "How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb" (2004), marking the longest gap between studio albums of their career to that point. The band originally intended to release the songs as two EPs, but later combined the material into a single record. Photographer Anton Corbijn shot a companion film, "Linear", which was released alongside the album and included with several special editions.


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: It is the twelfth studio album by Irish rock band U2.

Question: when was it released?

Answer: On 27 February 2009

Explanation: on 27 February 2009.

By contrast, the supporting U2 360° Tour from 2009 to 2011 set a record for the highest-grossing concert tour in history, with ticket sales over $736 million.


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Question: who was the producer?

Answer: Rick Rubin

Explanation: Rick Rubin

U2 began work on the album in 2006 with record producer Rick Rubin but shelved most of the material from those sessions. In May 2007, the group began new sessions with Eno and Lanois in Fez, Morocco. Intending to write "future hymns"—songs that would be played forever—the group spent two weeks recording in a riad and involved the producers in the songwriting process. Having grown tired of writing in the first-person, lead singer Bono wrote his lyrics from the perspective of different characters. Recording continued at several studios in the United States, United Kingdom, and Ireland through December 2008. The group had intended to release "No Line on the Horizon" in November, but after composing 50 to 60 songs, they delayed the release to continue writing.


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Question: has it done any commercial performance?

Answer: Debuted at number one in thirty countries, including Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

No Line on the Horizon [SEP] Commercial performance

"No Line on the Horizon" opened with strong sales, debuting at number one in thirty countries, including Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Within one week of release, the album was certified platinum in Brazil, a record for the country. In the United States, it was U2's seventh number-one album; first-week sales exceeded 484,000, the band's second-highest figures after "How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb". In the United Kingdom, the album sold 157,928 copies in its first week to become U2's tenth number-one album, making them the fifth-most-successful act on the UK Albums Chart.


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: Debuted at number one in thirty countries, including Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Question: when was the band formed?

Answer: Formed in 1976.

Explanation: formed in 1976.

U2 [SEP] Introduction

U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's effects-based guitar textures. Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career. The band formed as teenagers while attending Mount Temple Comprehensive School, when they had limited musical proficiency.


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Question: who were the members of it?

Answer: Bono, the Edge, Adam Clayton, and Larry Mullen Jr.

Explanation: he group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion).

U2 [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: Bono, the Edge, Adam Clayton, and Larry Mullen Jr.

Question: what role did the first one do in it?

Answer: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Explanation: Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar),

U2 [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: what role did the first one do in it?

Context: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Question: what style of music did they follow?

Answer: Rooted in post-punk

Explanation: rooted in post-punk,

U2 [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: what role did the first one do in it?

Context: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Context: what style of music did they follow?

Context: Rooted in post-punk

Question: which was their debut album?

Answer: "Boy"

Explanation: "Boy"

U2 [SEP] Introduction

Within four years, they signed with Island Records and released their debut album, "Boy" (1980). Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album, "War" (1983), and the singles "Sunday Bloody Sunday" and "Pride (In the Name of Love)" helped establish U2's reputation as a politically and socially conscious group. By the mid-1980s, they had become renowned globally for their live act, highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985. The group's fifth album, "The Joshua Tree" (1987), made them international superstars and was their greatest critical and commercial success. Topping music charts around the world, it produced their only number-one singles in the US to date: "With or Without You" and "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For".


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: what role did the first one do in it?

Context: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Context: what style of music did they follow?

Context: Rooted in post-punk

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Boy"

Question: why was it named like that?

Answer: Bono's lyrics reflected on adolescence, innocence, and the passage into adulthood, themes represented on the album cover through the photo of a young boy's face.

Explanation: Bono's lyrics reflected on adolescence, innocence, and the passage into adulthood, themes represented on the album cover through the photo of a young boy's face.

U2 [SEP] "Boy" and "October" (1980–1982)

During the tour, U2 met Dutch photographer Anton Corbijn, who became their principal photographer and has had a major influence on their vision and public image. In March 1982, the band played 14 dates as the opening act for the J. Geils Band, increasing their exposure. Still, U2 were disappointed by their lack of progress by the end of the October Tour. Having run out of money and feeling unsupported by their record label, the group committed to improving; Clayton recalled that "there was a firm resolve to come out of the box fighting with the next record".


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: what role did the first one do in it?

Context: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Context: what style of music did they follow?

Context: Rooted in post-punk

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Boy"

Context: why was it named like that?

Context: Bono's lyrics reflected on adolescence, innocence, and the passage into adulthood, themes represented on the album cover through the photo of a young boy's face.

Question: what issues did the album deal with?

Answer: It was unpolished

"Boy" peaked at number 52 in the United Kingdom and number 63 in the United States. The album included the band's first songs to receive airplay on US radio, including the single "I Will Follow", which reached number 20 on the Top Tracks rock chart. "Boy"s release was followed by the Boy Tour, U2's first tour of continental Europe and the US. Despite being unpolished, these early live performances demonstrated the band's potential, as critics complimented their ambition and Bono's exuberance. The band faced several challenges in writing their second album, "October." On an otherwise successful American leg of the Boy Tour, Bono's briefcase containing in-progress lyrics and musical ideas was lost backstage during a March 1981 performance at a nightclub in Portland, Oregon.


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: what role did the first one do in it?

Context: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Context: what style of music did they follow?

Context: Rooted in post-punk

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Boy"

Context: why was it named like that?

Context: what issues did the album deal with?

Context: It was unpolished

Question: was the band involved in any sort of activism?

Answer: Since the early 1980s, they have collaborated with other musicians, artists, celebrities, and politicians to address issues concerning poverty, disease, and social injustice.

Explanation: Since the early 1980s, the members of U2—as a band and individually—have collaborated with other musicians, artists, celebrities, and politicians to address issues concerning poverty, disease, and social injustice.

U2 [SEP] Activism and philanthropy

The band dedicated their 2000 song "Walk On" to Burma's pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who had been under house arrest since 1989. In late 2003, Bono and the Edge participated in the South Africa HIV/AIDS awareness 46664 series of concerts hosted by Nelson Mandela. In 2005, the band played the Live 8 concert in London, which Geldof helped stage on the 20th anniversary of Live Aid to support the Make Poverty History campaign. The band and manager Paul McGuinness were awarded Amnesty International's Ambassador of Conscience Award for their work in promoting human rights.


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: what role did the first one do in it?

Context: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Context: what style of music did they follow?

Context: Rooted in post-punk

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Boy"

Context: why was it named like that?

Context: what issues did the album deal with?

Context: It was unpolished

Context: was the band involved in any sort of activism?

Context: Since the early 1980s, they have collaborated with other musicians, artists, celebrities, and politicians to address issues concerning poverty, disease, and social injustice.

Question: name a few awards they have received?

Answer: U2 have sold an estimated 150–170 million records worldwide, placing them among the best-selling music artists in history.

Explanation: U2 have sold an estimated 150–170 million records worldwide, placing them among the best-selling music artists in history.

U2 [SEP] Awards and achievements

VH1 placed U2 at number 19 on its 2010 list of "The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time". In 2010, eight of U2's songs appeared on "Rolling Stone"s updated list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time", with "One" ranking the highest at number 36. Five of the group's twelve studio albums were ranked on the magazine's 2012 list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time"—"The Joshua Tree" placed the highest at number 27. Reflecting on the band's popularity and worldwide impact, Jeff Pollack for "The Huffington Post" said, "like The Who before them, U2 wrote songs about things that were important and resonated with their audience".


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: what role did the first one do in it?

Context: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Context: what style of music did they follow?

Context: Rooted in post-punk

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Boy"

Context: why was it named like that?

Context: what issues did the album deal with?

Context: It was unpolished

Context: name a few awards they have received?

Context: U2 have sold an estimated 150–170 million records worldwide, placing them among the best-selling music artists in history.

Question: which musical instrument have they used for their albums?

Answer: Guitars

Explanation: guitars

U2 [SEP] Musical style

"Boy" and "War" were labelled "muscular and assertive" by "Rolling Stone", influenced in large part by Lillywhite's producing. "The Unforgettable Fire", which began with the Edge playing more keyboards than guitars, as well as follow-up "The Joshua Tree", had Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois at the production helm. With their influence, both albums achieved a "diverse texture". The songs from "The Joshua Tree" and "Rattle and Hum" placed more emphasis on Lanois-inspired rhythm as they mixed distinct and varied styles of gospel and blues music, which stemmed from the band's burgeoning fascination with America's culture, people and places. In the 1990s, U2 reinvented themselves as they began using synthesisers, distortion, and electronic beats derived from noise music, dance, and hip-hop on "Achtung Baby", "Zooropa", and "Pop".


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: what role did the first one do in it?

Context: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Context: what style of music did they follow?

Context: Rooted in post-punk

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Boy"

Context: why was it named like that?

Context: what issues did the album deal with?

Context: It was unpolished

Context: name a few awards they have received?

Context: which musical instrument have they used for their albums?

Context: Guitars

Question: for which albums did they use it?

Answer: "11 O'Clock Tick Tock"

Explanation: "11 O'Clock Tick Tock",

In May 1980, U2 released "11 O'Clock Tick Tock", their first international single and their debut on Island, but it failed to chart. Martin Hannett, who produced the single, was slated to produce the band's debut album, "Boy", but ultimately was replaced with Steve Lillywhite. From July to September 1980, U2 recorded the album at Windmill Lane Studios, drawing from their nearly 40-song repertoire at the time. Lillywhite employed unorthodox production techniques, such as recording Mullen's drums in a stairwell, and recording smashed bottles and forks played against a spinning bicycle wheel. The band found Lillywhite to be very encouraging and creative; Bono called him "such a breath of fresh air", while the Edge said he "had a great way of pulling the best out of everybody".


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: what role did the first one do in it?

Context: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Context: what style of music did they follow?

Context: Rooted in post-punk

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Boy"

Context: why was it named like that?

Context: what issues did the album deal with?

Context: It was unpolished

Context: name a few awards they have received?

Context: Guitars

Context: for which albums did they use it?

Context: "11 O'Clock Tick Tock"

Question: where was the recording of this album done?

Answer: Windmill Lane Studios

Explanation: Windmill Lane Studios

11 O'Clock Tick Tock [SEP] Recording

Hannett travelled to Dublin for the recording session, which took place at Windmill Lane Studios from 5–6 April 1980 on Easter weekend. He was not impressed with the studio's facilities and made the band rent equipment from London. Windmill Lane sound engineer Kevin Moloney called it a "wild, wild session" and said that Hannett lived up to his reputation as a "mad genius". The producer did creative things with electronics during the session that the band had never heard before. He obsessed over details and insisted that each sound be isolated and recorded separately. He crafted the song's bassline by recording each individual note played by bassist Adam Clayton on a separate track before sequencing them together.


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: what role did the first one do in it?

Context: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Context: what style of music did they follow?

Context: Rooted in post-punk

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Boy"

Context: why was it named like that?

Context: what issues did the album deal with?

Context: It was unpolished

Context: name a few awards they have received?

Context: Guitars

Context: for which albums did they use it?

Context: "11 O'Clock Tick Tock"

Context: where was the recording of this album done?

Context: Windmill Lane Studios

Question: where was it located first?

Answer: At 22 Windmill Lane

Explanation: at 22 Windmill Lane,

Windmill Lane Studios [SEP] Introduction

Windmill Lane Recording Studios (earlier Windmill Lane Studios) is a recording studio in Dublin, Ireland. It was originally opened in 1978 by recording engineer Brian Masterson in premises at 22 Windmill Lane, and it subsequently relocated to its current location in a three-storey building at 20 Ringsend Road, Dublin 4, where it still operates as one of Ireland's largest recording studios. Over the course of its history, it has been used by many notable artists. The original site of the Windmill Lane Studios remained a popular cult symbol for music fans due to the studio's links with the Irish rock group U2; the group's albums to have been fully or partially recorded there include "Boy", "October", "War", "The Joshua Tree", "Pop", "All That You Can't Leave Behind", and "Zooropa."


Context: what is no line on the horizon?

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 February 2009

Context: who was the producer?

Context: Rick Rubin

Context: has it done any commercial performance?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: Formed in 1976.

Context: who were the members of it?

Context: what role did the first one do in it?

Context: Lead vocals and rhythm guitar

Context: what style of music did they follow?

Context: Rooted in post-punk

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Boy"

Context: why was it named like that?

Context: what issues did the album deal with?

Context: It was unpolished

Context: name a few awards they have received?

Context: Guitars

Context: for which albums did they use it?

Context: "11 O'Clock Tick Tock"

Context: Windmill Lane Studios

Context: where was it located first?

Context: At 22 Windmill Lane

Question: where was it moved to?

Answer: 20 Ringsend Road, Dublin 4

Explanation: 20 Ringsend Road, Dublin 4, where it still operates as one of Ireland's largest


Question: when was the first holden made in australia

Answer: 1948

Holden [SEP] Early history

In 1930 alone, the still independent Woodville plant built bodies for Austin, Chrysler, DeSoto, Morris, Hillman, Humber, Hupmobile, and Willys-Overland, as well GM cars. The last of this line of business was the assembly of Hillman Minx sedans in 1948. The Great Depression led to a substantial downturn in production by Holden, from 34,000 units annually in 1930 to just 1,651 units one year later. In 1931, GM purchased HMBB and merged it with General Motors (Australia) Pty Ltd to form General Motors-Holden's Ltd (GM-H). It's acquisition of Holden allowed General Motors to inherit an Australian identity, which it used to cultivate nationalist appeal for the firm, largely through the use of public relations, a then novel form of business communcation which was imported to Australia through the formation of General Motors (Australia) Limited.


Context: when was the first holden made in australia

Question: what is holden?

Answer: Holden, formerly known as General Motors-Holden, is an Australian automobile marque and former automobile manufacturer, which manufactured cars in Australia before switching to importing cars under the Holden brand.

Holden [SEP] Introduction

Holden, formerly known as General Motors-Holden, is an Australian automobile marque and former automobile manufacturer, which manufactured cars in Australia before switching to importing cars under the Holden brand. It was headquartered in Port Melbourne. The company was founded in 1856 as a saddlery manufacturer in South Australia. In 1908, it moved into the automotive field before later becoming a subsidiary of the United States–based General Motors (GM) in 1931, when the company was renamed General Motors-Holden's Ltd. It was renamed Holden Ltd in 1998, adopting the name GM Holden Ltd in 2005. In the past, Holden has offered badge-engineered models due to sharing arrangements with Chevrolet, Isuzu, Nissan, Opel, Suzuki, Toyota, and Vauxhall Motors.


Context: what is holden?

Context: Holden, formerly known as General Motors-Holden, is an Australian automobile marque and former automobile manufacturer, which manufactured cars in Australia before switching to importing cars under the Holden brand.

Question: when was it first established?

Answer: The company was founded in 1856

Explanation: The company was founded in 1856

Holden [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Question: who was involved in laying the company's foundation?

Answer: James Alexander Holden

Explanation: James Alexander Holden

Holden [SEP] Early history

In 1852, James Alexander Holden emigrated to South Australia from Walsall, England, and in 1856 established J.A. Holden & Co., a saddlery business in Adelaide. In 1879 J A Holden's eldest son Henry James (HJ) Holden, became a partner and effectively managed the company. In 1885, German-born H. A. Frost joined the business as a junior partner and J.A. Holden & Co became Holden & Frost Ltd. Edward Holden, James' grandson, joined the firm in 1905 with an interest in automobiles. From there, the firm evolved through various partnerships, and in 1908, Holden & Frost moved into the business of minor repairs to car upholstery.


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Context: who was involved in laying the company's foundation?

Context: James Alexander Holden

Question: where was it established at that time?

Answer: Adelaide

Explanation: Adelaide

Holden [SEP] Early history


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Context: James Alexander Holden

Context: where was it established at that time?

Context: Adelaide

Question: what was the initial business at the time of its establishment?

Answer: A saddlery business

Explanation: a saddlery business

Holden [SEP] Early history


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Context: James Alexander Holden

Context: where was it established at that time?

Context: Adelaide

Context: what was the initial business at the time of its establishment?

Context: A saddlery business

Question: did the founder have anyone from his family who was involved in this mentioned business?

Answer: J A Holden's eldest son Henry James (HJ) Holden

Explanation: J A Holden's eldest son Henry James (HJ) Holden,

Holden [SEP] Early history


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Context: James Alexander Holden

Context: where was it established at that time?

Context: Adelaide

Context: A saddlery business

Context: did the founder have anyone from his family who was involved in this mentioned business?

Context: J A Holden's eldest son Henry James (HJ) Holden

Question: in which year did general motors become a part of this company?

Answer: 1931

Holden [SEP] Early history


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Context: James Alexander Holden

Context: where was it established at that time?

Context: Adelaide

Context: A saddlery business

Context: in which year did general motors become a part of this company?

Question: name some vehicle models manufactured by this company who established in 1856.

Answer: Austin, Chrysler, DeSoto, Morris, Hillman, Humber, Hupmobile, and Willys-Overland, as well GM cars

Explanation: Austin, Chrysler, DeSoto, Morris, Hillman, Humber, Hupmobile, and Willys-Overland, as well GM cars

Holden [SEP] Early history


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Context: James Alexander Holden

Context: where was it established at that time?

Context: Adelaide

Context: A saddlery business

Context: name some vehicle models manufactured by this company who established in 1856.

Context: Austin, Chrysler, DeSoto, Morris, Hillman, Humber, Hupmobile, and Willys-Overland, as well GM cars

Question: which countries did they export their vehicles to?

Answer: New Zealand, The Middle East, Fiji and South Africa

Explanation: Fiji and South Africa,

Holden [SEP] Exports

Holden began to export vehicles in 1954, sending the FJ to New Zealand. Exports to New Zealand continued, but to broaden their export potential, Holden began to cater their Commodore, Monaro and Statesman/Caprice models for both right- and left-hand drive markets. The Middle East was Holden's largest export market, with the Commodore sold as the Chevrolet Lumina from 1998, and the Statesman from 1999 as the Chevrolet Caprice. Commodores were also sold as the Chevrolet Lumina in Brunei, Fiji and South Africa, and as the Chevrolet Omega in Brazil. Pontiac in North America also imported Commodore sedans from 2008 through to 2009 as the G8.


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Context: James Alexander Holden

Context: where was it established at that time?

Context: Adelaide

Context: A saddlery business

Context: which countries did they export their vehicles to?

Context: New Zealand, The Middle East, Fiji and South Africa

Question: did they manufacture any sportscars that were used in professional racing events?

Answer: Australian touring car

Explanation: Australian touring car

Holden [SEP] Motorsport

Holden has been involved with factory backed teams in Australian touring car racing since 1968. The main factory-backed teams have been the Holden Dealer Team (1969–1987) and the Holden Racing Team (1990–2016). Since 2017, Triple Eight Race Engineering has been Holden's factory team. Holden has won the Bathurst 1000 32 times, more than any other manufacturer, and has won the Australian Touring Car and Supercars Championship title 20 times. Brad Jones Racing, Charlie Schwerkolt Racing, Erebus Motorsport, Matt Stone Racing, Tekno Autosports and Walkinshaw Andretti United also run Holden Commodores in the series.


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Context: James Alexander Holden

Context: where was it established at that time?

Context: Adelaide

Context: A saddlery business

Context: did they manufacture any sportscars that were used in professional racing events?

Context: Australian touring car

Question: what happened to this company in 2020?

Answer: On 17 February 2020, General Motors announced that the Holden brand would be retired by 2021, after GM stated it would not make all right-hand drive vehicles globally, leaving the Australia and New Zealand market altogether, costing close to AUD$1.6 billion.

Explanation: On 17 February 2020, General Motors announced that the Holden brand would be retired by 2021, after GM stated it would not make all right-hand drive vehicles globally, leaving the Australia and New Zealand market altogether, costing close to AUD$1.6 billion.

Holden [SEP] 2020s


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Context: James Alexander Holden

Context: where was it established at that time?

Context: Adelaide

Context: A saddlery business

Context: Australian touring car

Context: what happened to this company in 2020?

Context: On 17 February 2020, General Motors announced that the Holden brand would be retired by 2021, after GM stated it would not make all right-hand drive vehicles globally, leaving the Australia and New Zealand market altogether, costing close to AUD$1.6 billion.

Question: what are the names of some of the employees who worked in this company?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Holden [SEP] 2020s


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Context: James Alexander Holden

Context: where was it established at that time?

Context: Adelaide

Context: A saddlery business

Context: Australian touring car

Context: what happened to this company in 2020?

Context: what are the names of some of the employees who worked in this company?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are the names of some of the employees who worked in this company which established in 1856?

Answer: H. A. Frost

Explanation: H. A. Frost

Holden [SEP] Early history


Context: what is holden?

Context: when was it first established?

Context: The company was founded in 1856

Context: James Alexander Holden

Context: where was it established at that time?

Context: Adelaide

Context: A saddlery business

Context: Australian touring car

Context: what happened to this company in 2020?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the names of some of the employees who worked in this company which established in 1856?

Context: H. A. Frost

Question: what was this person's designation with this company?

Answer: Partner in J. A. Holden & Co.

Explanation: partner in J. A. Holden & Co.

H. A. Frost [SEP] History

Around 1879 he moved to Adelaide to take a position with J. A. Holden, who on 1 May 1884 took him on as partner in J. A. Holden & Co., which was in a precarious position financially. In August 1885 J. A. Holden sold to his son H. J. Holden and H. A. Frost his interest in the retail arm of the company, which in November 1885 became Holden & Frost. He sold the wholesale business and his Kensington Park mansion with its extensive grounds. Under the terms of the voluntary liquidation the company continued to operate in the premises at 100 Grenfell Street.


Question: who wrote the song what makes you beautiful by one direction

Answer: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Explanation: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

What Makes You Beautiful [SEP] Introduction

"What Makes You Beautiful" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction. It served as their debut single and lead single from their debut studio album, "Up All Night" (2011). Written by Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub, the song was released by Syco Records on 11 September 2011. The uptempo power pop track features a prominent guitar-based chorus and riff. The middle eight consists of a "na na na" hook. "What Makes You Beautiful" was a commercial success, reaching number one in several countries. It has been certified quadruple platinum in the US with sales of 4.8 million copies as of June 2016.


Context: who wrote the song what makes you beautiful by one direction

Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Question: who is the latter?

Answer: She is a Swedish-Palestinian record producer and songwriter and former member of the songwriting/production houses Cheiron Studios and Maratone.

Rami Yacoub [SEP] Introduction

Rami Yacoub (born 17 January 1975), also known by the mononym Rami, is a Swedish-Palestinian record producer and songwriter and former member of the songwriting/production houses Cheiron Studios and Maratone. Yacoub collaborated extensively with Max Martin in the early part of his career. He has worked with acts such as Lady Gaga, Ariana Grande, Selena Gomez, Britney Spears, Nicki Minaj, Madonna, Bon Jovi, Backstreet Boys, Demi Lovato, One Direction, Westlife, The Saturdays, P!nk, Celine Dion, Enrique Iglesias, Tiësto, Avicii, NSYNC, 5 Seconds of Summer and Weezer.


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: She is a Swedish-Palestinian record producer and songwriter and former member of the songwriting/production houses Cheiron Studios and Maratone.

Question: in which album was the above song released in?

Answer: "Up All Night"

Explanation: Up All Night" (2011).


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: in which album was the above song released in?

Context: "Up All Night"

Question: who sang the song?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: "Up All Night"

Context: who sang the song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when did this album release?

Answer: November 2011

Explanation: November 2011

Up All Night (One Direction album) [SEP] Introduction

Up All Night is the debut studio album by English-Irish boy band One Direction, released by Syco Records in November 2011 in Ireland and the United Kingdom, followed by a worldwide release during 2012. Four months after finishing third in the seventh series of British reality singing contest "The X Factor" in December 2010, One Direction began recording the album in Sweden, UK and the United States, working with a variety of writers and producers. The album's lyrical content regards being young, relationships, heartbreak and empowerment. The album received generally favorable reviews from contemporary music critics, many of whom appreciated the album's combination of melodic song craft and catchy, pop-oriented material that, while slickly produced, avoided the commercial cynicism and adult contemporary posturing of some of their '80s and '90s forebears.


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: "Up All Night"

Context: who sang the song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did this album release?

Context: November 2011

Question: can you name a few more songs from it?

Answer: "Gotta Be You", and "One Thing".

Explanation: "Gotta Be You", and "One Thing".

In addition, "Up All Night" became the best-selling album by a group and the third best-selling debut album of 2012. Four singles were released from the album, including the UK Singles Chart top ten hits "What Makes You Beautiful", "Gotta Be You", and "One Thing". To promote the album, the band performed on many TV shows and awards ceremonies, including the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards. Furthermore, One Direction embarked on their first headlining concert tour, the Up All Night Tour. Footage from this concert was recorded and released on a live album, entitled .


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: "Up All Night"

Context: who sang the song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did this album release?

Context: November 2011

Context: can you name a few more songs from it?

Context: "Gotta Be You", and "One Thing".

Question: did it receive any criticism?

Answer: The album  "Up All Night" received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Up All Night (One Direction album) [SEP] Critical reception

"Up All Night" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 64, which indicates "generally favourable reviews". AllMusic's Matthew Chisling commended the album for its appeal to the teenage audience, "limitless potential for the time being, this is a perfectly sized, and targeted, collection." "PopMatters" Zachary Houle called the album a "laudable addition to the boy band pantheon" and a "well-crafted slice of pop you can pop bubbles to". Digital Spy's Robert Copsey commended the album for "a collection of pg pop rock with killer choruses" and summarised it as "an adorable as expected debut with a surprising amount of bite".


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: "Up All Night"

Context: who sang the song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did this album release?

Context: November 2011

Context: can you name a few more songs from it?

Context: "Gotta Be You", and "One Thing".

Context: did it receive any criticism?

Context: The album  "Up All Night" received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Question: which record label released the album?

Answer: Columbia Records

Up All Night (One Direction album) [SEP] Release and promotion

"Up All Night" was made available on CD and digital download in two editions: the deluxe edition, in hard form shape of a yearbook, features a book-sized collection of photos, quotes, and lyrics from the five members of One Direction, and two extra songs: "Stand Up" and "Moments". The album was released by Syco Records in Ireland and the UK on 18 November 2011 and 21 November 2011 respectively. The album was released on 25 November 2011 and 28 November 2011 in Australia and New Zealand respectively. The album was fully released in Europe in early 2012. The album was initially set for release in North America on 23 March 2012 through Columbia Records; however, it was rescheduled for a one-week earlier release on 13 March 2012 with Columbia Records releasing a statement: "due to overwhelming fan demand, their debut album will be released one week early on 13 March 2012." For the North American release on 13 March 2012, Columbia Records executives used social media to shape its marketing campaign.


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: "Up All Night"

Context: who sang the song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did this album release?

Context: November 2011

Context: can you name a few more songs from it?

Context: "Gotta Be You", and "One Thing".

Context: did it receive any criticism?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records

Question: who founded this label?

Answer: It was evolved from the American Graphophone Company, the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company.

Columbia Records [SEP] Introduction

Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. It was founded on January 15, 1889, evolving from the American Graphophone Company, the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, and the second major company to produce records. From 1961 to 1990, Columbia recordings were released outside North America under the name CBS Records to avoid confusion with EMI's Columbia Graphophone Company. Columbia is one of Sony Music's four flagship record labels, alongside former longtime rival RCA Records, as well as Arista Records and Epic Records.


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: "Up All Night"

Context: who sang the song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did this album release?

Context: November 2011

Context: can you name a few more songs from it?

Context: "Gotta Be You", and "One Thing".

Context: did it receive any criticism?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records

Context: who founded this label?

Context: It was evolved from the American Graphophone Company, the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company.

Question: could you name a few artist that play under this label?

Answer: Artists who have recorded for Columbia include AC/DC, Adele, Aerosmith, Louis Armstrong, Gene Autry, Count Basie, Tony Bennett, Leonard Bernstein, Beyoncé.

Columbia Records [SEP] Introduction

Artists who have recorded for Columbia include AC/DC, Adele, Aerosmith, Louis Armstrong, Gene Autry, Count Basie, Tony Bennett, Leonard Bernstein, Beyoncé, Blue Öyster Cult, The Byrds, Mariah Carey, Johnny Cash, Rosemary Clooney, Leonard Cohen, Elvis Costello, Miles Davis, Doris Day, Neil Diamond, Celine Dion, Bob Dylan, Earth, Wind & Fire, Duke Ellington, Flatt and Scruggs, Billie Holiday, Vladimir Horowitz, Billy Joel, Robert Johnson, Al Jolson, Janis Joplin, Yo-Yo Ma, Johnny Mathis, George Michael, Thelonious Monk, Willie Nelson, the New York Philharmonic, Pink Floyd, Santana, Frank Sinatra, Simon & Garfunkel, Bessie Smith, Bruce Springsteen, Barbra Streisand, James Taylor, Andy Williams, Bill Withers, and numerous other major artists.


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: "Up All Night"

Context: who sang the song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did this album release?

Context: November 2011

Context: can you name a few more songs from it?

Context: "Gotta Be You", and "One Thing".

Context: did it receive any criticism?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records

Context: who founded this label?

Context: could you name a few artist that play under this label?

Context: Artists who have recorded for Columbia include AC/DC, Adele, Aerosmith, Louis Armstrong, Gene Autry, Count Basie, Tony Bennett, Leonard Bernstein, Beyoncé.

Question: is the first mentioned artist a band or an individual?

Answer: An Australian rock band

Explanation: an Australian rock band

AC/DC [SEP] Introduction

AC/DC (stylized as ACϟDC) are an Australian rock band formed in Sydney in 1973 by Scottish-born brothers Malcolm and Angus Young. Although their music has been variously described as hard rock, blues rock, and heavy metal, the band themselves call it simply "rock and roll". AC/DC underwent several line-up changes before releasing their first album, 1975's "High Voltage". Membership subsequently stabilised around the Young brothers, singer Bon Scott, drummer Phil Rudd, and bassist Mark Evans. Evans was fired from the band in 1977 and replaced by Cliff Williams, who has appeared on every AC/DC album since 1978's "Powerage". In February 1980, Scott died of acute alcohol poisoning after a night of heavy drinking.


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: "Up All Night"

Context: who sang the song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did this album release?

Context: November 2011

Context: can you name a few more songs from it?

Context: "Gotta Be You", and "One Thing".

Context: did it receive any criticism?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records

Context: who founded this label?

Context: is the first mentioned artist a band or an individual?

Context: An Australian rock band

Question: who are the band members?

Answer: Malcolm and Angus Young, singer Bon Scott, drummer Phil Rudd

Explanation:
Malcolm and Angus Young. Although their music has been variously described as hard rock, blues rock, and heavy metal, the band themselves call it simply "rock and roll".

AC/DC underwent several line-up changes before releasing their first album, 1975's "High Voltage". Membership subsequently stabilised around the Young brothers, singer Bon Scott, drummer Phil Rudd, and bassist Mark Evans.

AC/DC [SEP] Introduction

The band experienced a commercial resurgence in the early nineties with the release of 1990's "The Razors Edge". Rudd returned to the band in 1994, replacing Slade and appearing on the band's next five albums. Their fifteenth studio album "Black Ice" was the second-highest-selling album of 2008, and their biggest chart hit since "For Those About to Rock", eventually reaching No.1 worldwide.


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: "Up All Night"

Context: who sang the song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did this album release?

Context: November 2011

Context: can you name a few more songs from it?

Context: "Gotta Be You", and "One Thing".

Context: did it receive any criticism?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records

Context: who founded this label?

Context: An Australian rock band

Context: who are the band members?

Context: Malcolm and Angus Young, singer Bon Scott, drummer Phil Rudd

Question: what genre of music did they perform?

Answer: Rock

Explanation: rock

AC/DC [SEP] Introduction


Context: Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub

Context: who is the latter?

Context: "Up All Night"

Context: who sang the song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did this album release?

Context: November 2011

Context: can you name a few more songs from it?

Context: "Gotta Be You", and "One Thing".

Context: did it receive any criticism?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records

Context: who founded this label?

Context: An Australian rock band

Context: who are the band members?

Context: what genre of music did they perform?

Context: Rock

Question: was their music liked or criticised?

Answer: Their songs have been criticised as simplistic, monotonous, deliberately lowbrow, and sexist.

AC/DC [SEP] Criticism

Throughout the band's career, their songs have been criticised as simplistic, monotonous, deliberately lowbrow, and sexist. David Marchese from "Vulture" wrote that, "regardless of the lyricist, whether it was Scott (who was capable of real wit and color), Johnson, or the Young brothers, there's a deep strain of misogyny in the band's output that veers from feeling terribly dated to straight-up reprehensible." According to Christgau in 1988, "the brutal truth is that sexism has never kept a great rock-and-roller down—from Muddy to Lemmy, lots of dynamite music has objectified women in objectionable ways. But rotely is not among those ways", in regards to AC/DC.


Question: who played helen in when harry met sally

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

When Harry Met Sally... [SEP] Introduction

When Harry Met Sally... is a 1989 American romantic comedy film written by Nora Ephron and directed by Rob Reiner. It stars Billy Crystal as Harry and Meg Ryan as Sally. The story follows the title characters from the time they meet in Chicago just before sharing a cross-country drive, through twelve years of chance encounters in New York City. The film raises the question "Can men and women ever just be friends?" and advances many ideas about relationships that became household concepts, such as "high-maintenance" and the "transitional person". The origins of the film were derived from Reiner's return to single life after a divorce.


Context: who played helen in when harry met sally

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is it a film?

Answer: Yes, it is a 1989 American romantic comedy film.

Explanation: When Harry Met Sally... is a 1989 American romantic comedy film written by Nora Ephron


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it a film?

Context: Yes, it is a 1989 American romantic comedy film.

Question: who is the protagonist in it?

Answer: Harry

Explanation: It stars Billy Crystal as Harry and Meg Ryan as Sally.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it a film?

Context: who is the protagonist in it?

Context: Harry

Question: how much money did the film make?

Answer: $1,094,453 in 41 theaters

When Harry Met Sally... [SEP] Box office

Columbia Pictures released the film using the "platform" technique which involved opening it in a few select cities letting positive word of mouth generate interest and then gradually expanding distribution over subsequent weeks. On its opening weekend, it grossed $1,094,453 in 41 theaters, the second highest-grossing opening weekend for a film on fewer than 50 screens, behind "Star Wars" (1977). Billy Crystal was worried that the film would flop at the box office because it was up against several summer blockbuster films, like "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade" and "Batman". The film opened in early July and went into wide release on July 21, 1989, grossing $8.8 million in 775 theaters in its first weekend of national release.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it a film?

Context: who is the protagonist in it?

Context: Harry

Context: how much money did the film make?

Context: $1,094,453 in 41 theaters

Question: was it released on dvd?

Answer: Yes, on January 9, 2001

When Harry Met Sally... [SEP] Home media

"When Harry Met Sally..." was first released on VHS in late 1989, a few months after its theatrical release. It was later re-released on VHS in 1994 as part of a Billy Crystal collection, and in 1997 under the "Contemporary Classics" edition; the latter release included trailers that were not included in the original VHS release. It was released on DVD for the first time on January 9, 2001, and included an audio commentary by Reiner, a 35-minute "Making Of" documentary featuring interviews with Reiner, Ephron, Crystal, and Ryan, seven deleted scenes, and a music video for "It Had To Be You" by Harry Connick Jr.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it a film?

Context: who is the protagonist in it?

Context: Harry

Context: how much money did the film make?

Context: $1,094,453 in 41 theaters

Context: was it released on dvd?

Context: Yes, on January 9, 2001

Question: what is the film about?

Answer: The story follows the title characters from the time they meet in Chicago just before sharing a cross-country drive, through twelve years of chance encounters in New York City. The film raises the question "Can men and women ever just be friends?"

Explanation: The story follows the title characters from the time they meet in Chicago just before sharing a cross-country drive, through twelve years of chance encounters in New York City. The film raises the question "Can men and women ever just be friends?"


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it a film?

Context: who is the protagonist in it?

Context: Harry

Context: how much money did the film make?

Context: $1,094,453 in 41 theaters

Context: was it released on dvd?

Context: Yes, on January 9, 2001

Context: what is the film about?

Context: The story follows the title characters from the time they meet in Chicago just before sharing a cross-country drive, through twelve years of chance encounters in New York City. The film raises the question "Can men and women ever just be friends?"

Question: who played the role of protagonist in it?

Answer: Billy Crystal


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it a film?

Context: who is the protagonist in it?

Context: Harry

Context: how much money did the film make?

Context: $1,094,453 in 41 theaters

Context: was it released on dvd?

Context: Yes, on January 9, 2001

Context: what is the film about?

Context: who played the role of protagonist in it?

Context: Billy Crystal

Question: name a few sports he plays?

Answer: He played minor league for one day.

Billy Crystal [SEP] Sports

On March 12, 2008, Crystal signed a one-day minor league contract to play with the New York Yankees, and was invited to the team's major league spring training. He wore uniform number 60 in honor of his upcoming 60th birthday. On March 13, in a spring training game against the Pittsburgh Pirates, Crystal led off as the designated hitter. He managed to make contact, fouling a fastball up the first base line, but was eventually struck out by Pirates pitcher Paul Maholm on six pitches and was later replaced in the batting order by Johnny Damon. He was released on March 14, his 60th birthday.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it a film?

Context: who is the protagonist in it?

Context: Harry

Context: how much money did the film make?

Context: $1,094,453 in 41 theaters

Context: was it released on dvd?

Context: Yes, on January 9, 2001

Context: what is the film about?

Context: Billy Crystal

Context: name a few sports he plays?

Context: He played minor league for one day.

Question: did he host any award ceremony?

Answer: Yes, he hosted the Academy Awards broadcast a total of 9 times.

Billy Crystal [SEP] Academy Awards host

Crystal hosted the Academy Awards broadcast a total of 9 times, from 1990 to 1993, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004 and 2012. His hosting was critically praised, resulting in two Primetime Emmy Award wins for hosting and writing the 63rd Academy Awards and an Emmy win for writing the 64th Academy Awards. He returned as the host for the 2012 Oscar ceremony, after Eddie Murphy resigned from hosting. His nine times is second only to Bob Hope's 19 in most ceremonies hosted. At the 83rd Academy Awards ceremony in 2011, he appeared as a presenter for a digitally inserted Bob Hope and before doing so was given a standing ovation.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it a film?

Context: who is the protagonist in it?

Context: Harry

Context: how much money did the film make?

Context: $1,094,453 in 41 theaters

Context: was it released on dvd?

Context: Yes, on January 9, 2001

Context: what is the film about?

Context: Billy Crystal

Context: name a few sports he plays?

Context: He played minor league for one day.

Context: did he host any award ceremony?

Context: Yes, he hosted the Academy Awards broadcast a total of 9 times.

Question: did he have any cameo in a film or a tv series?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Billy Crystal [SEP] Academy Awards host


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it a film?

Context: who is the protagonist in it?

Context: Harry

Context: how much money did the film make?

Context: $1,094,453 in 41 theaters

Context: was it released on dvd?

Context: Yes, on January 9, 2001

Context: what is the film about?

Context: Billy Crystal

Context: name a few sports he plays?

Context: He played minor league for one day.

Context: did he host any award ceremony?

Context: did he have any cameo in a film or a tv series?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is he a singer too?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Billy Crystal [SEP] Albums and music career

Due to the success of Crystal's standup and SNL career, in 1985 he released an album of his stand-up material titled "Mahvelous!", as well as the single "You Look Marvelous", which peaked at No. 58 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the US, and No. 17 in Canada. The title track "You Look Marvelous" would also have an accompanying music video that debuted on MTV. Both the song and video features Crystal in character as his SNL persona of talk show host Fernando Lamas. The video features Lamas cruising around in what was at the time the world's longest stretch limousine, built by custom coach designer and builder Vini Bergeman, surrounded by models in bikinis.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it a film?

Context: who is the protagonist in it?

Context: Harry

Context: how much money did the film make?

Context: $1,094,453 in 41 theaters

Context: was it released on dvd?

Context: Yes, on January 9, 2001

Context: what is the film about?

Context: Billy Crystal

Context: name a few sports he plays?

Context: He played minor league for one day.

Context: did he host any award ceremony?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is he a singer too?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what kind of music career did he have?

Answer: He released a single "You Look Marvelous" which had accompanying music video;  features Crystal in character as his SNL persona of talk show host Fernando Lamas.

Explanation: as well as the single "You Look Marvelous", which peaked at No. 58 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the US, and No. 17 in Canada. The title track "You Look Marvelous" would also have an accompanying music video that debuted on MTV. Both the song and video features Crystal in character as his SNL persona of talk show host Fernando Lamas.


Question: union leader who ran for president 5 times

Answer: Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs

Eugene V. Debs [SEP] Introduction

Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) ("Wobblies") and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States. Early in his political career, Debs was a member of the Democratic Party. He was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana General Assembly in 1884.


Context: union leader who ran for president 5 times

Context: Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs

Question: to which party did he belong?

Answer: Socialist Party of America

Explanation: one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) ("Wobblies") and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States.

Eugene V. Debs [SEP] Introduction


Context: Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs

Context: to which party did he belong?

Context: Socialist Party of America

Question: when was the party founded?

Answer: 1901

Socialist Party of America [SEP] Introduction

The Socialist Party of America (SPA) was a democratic socialist and social democratic political party in the United States formed in 1901 by a merger between the three-year-old Social Democratic Party of America and disaffected elements of the Socialist Labor Party of America which had split from the main organization in 1899. In the first decades of the 20th century, it drew significant support from many different groups, including trade unionists, progressive social reformers, populist farmers and immigrants. However, it refused to form coalitions with other parties, or even to allow its members to vote for other parties. Eugene V.


Context: Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs

Context: to which party did he belong?

Context: Socialist Party of America

Context: when was the party founded?

Question: who founded it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs

Context: to which party did he belong?

Context: Socialist Party of America

Context: when was the party founded?

Context: who founded it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: name a few of its prominent members?

Answer: Meyer London, Victor Berger, Morris Hillquit, to name a few.

Explanation:
There were two Socialist members of Congress, Meyer London of New York City and Victor Berger of Milwaukee (a part of the sewer socialism movement, a major front in socialism, Milwaukee being the first and the only major city to elect a socialist mayor, which it did four times between 1910 and 1956); over 70 mayors; and many state legislators and city councilors. Its voting strength was greatest among recent Jewish, Finnish and German immigrants, coal miners and former populist farmers in the Midwest. From 1900 (before its formal union) to 1912, it ran Eugene V. Debs for President at each election. The best showing ever for a socialist ticket was in 1912, when Debs gained 901,551 total votes, or 6% of the popular vote. In 1920, Debs ran again, this time while imprisoned for opposing World War I and received 913,693 votes, 3.4% of the total.

Early political perspectives ranged from radical socialism to social democracy, with New York party leader Morris Hillquit and Congressman Berger

Socialist Party of America [SEP] Early history

From 1901 to the onset of World War I, the Socialist Party had numerous elected officials throughout the United States. There were two Socialist members of Congress, Meyer London of New York City and Victor Berger of Milwaukee (a part of the sewer socialism movement, a major front in socialism, Milwaukee being the first and the only major city to elect a socialist mayor, which it did four times between 1910 and 1956); over 70 mayors; and many state legislators and city councilors. Its voting strength was greatest among recent Jewish, Finnish and German immigrants, coal miners and former populist farmers in the Midwest.


Context: Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs

Context: to which party did he belong?

Context: Socialist Party of America

Context: when was the party founded?

Context: who founded it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few of its prominent members?

Context: Meyer London, Victor Berger, Morris Hillquit, to name a few.

Question: did the party split with some ideological followers?

Answer: Yes, there was a factional division between the youthful newcomers (radicalized and drawn to militant Marxism by the world economic crisis) and the "Old Guard" headed by Morris Hillquit, James Oneal and Waldman.

Explanation: However, this growth came at a price as deep factional divisions developed between the youthful newcomers (radicalized and drawn to militant Marxism by the world economic crisis) and the "Old Guard" headed by Morris Hillquit, James Oneal and Waldman.

Socialist Party of America [SEP] Left turn and split of the Old Guard


Context: Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs

Context: to which party did he belong?

Context: Socialist Party of America

Context: when was the party founded?

Context: who founded it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few of its prominent members?

Context: did the party split with some ideological followers?

Context: Yes, there was a factional division between the youthful newcomers (radicalized and drawn to militant Marxism by the world economic crisis) and the "Old Guard" headed by Morris Hillquit, James Oneal and Waldman.

Question: when did it become social democrats?

Answer: 1972

Socialist Party of America [SEP] From the Socialist Party to Social Democrats, USA

In its 1972 convention, the Socialist Party had two Co-Chairmen, Bayard Rustin and Charles S. Zimmerman of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU); and a First National Vice Chairman, James S. Glaser, who were re-elected by acclamation. In his opening speech to the convention, Co-Chairman Bayard Rustin called for the group to organize against the "reactionary policies of the Nixon Administration" while he also criticized the "irresponsibility and élitism of the 'New Politics' liberals".The party changed its name to Social Democrats, USA (SDUSA) by a vote of 73 to 34. Renaming the party as SDUSA was meant to be "realistic".


Context: Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs

Context: to which party did he belong?

Context: Socialist Party of America

Context: when was the party founded?

Context: who founded it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name a few of its prominent members?

Context: when did it become social democrats?

Question: describe the style of leadership of eugene v. debs?

Answer: He was a charismatic speaker, used the vocabulary of Christianity, "fierce in his convictions, kind and compassionate in his personal relations."

Eugene V. Debs [SEP] Leadership style

Debs was noted by many to be a charismatic speaker who sometimes called on the vocabulary of Christianity and much of the oratorical style of evangelism, even though he was generally disdainful of organized religion. Howard Zinn opined that "Debs was what every socialist or anarchist or radical should be: fierce in his convictions, kind and compassionate in his personal relations." Heywood Broun noted in his eulogy for Debs, quoting a fellow Socialist: "That old man with the burning eyes actually believes that there can be such a thing as the brotherhood of man. And that's not the funniest part of it.