Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: can you name any cities through which it passes?

Context: It passes through several major Kansas cities, including Wichita, Topeka, and Lawrence

Question: when was it built?

Answer: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Explanation: The Kansas Turnpike was built from 1954 to 1956, predating the Interstate Highway System.

Kansas Turnpike [SEP] Introduction


Context: where does the kansas turnpike start and end

Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Question: what can you tell me about the above mentioned latter state?

Answer: Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.

Kansas [SEP] Introduction

Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named after the Kansas River, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native Americans who lived along its banks. The tribe's name (natively "") is often said to mean "people of the (south) wind" although this was probably not the term's original meaning. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes.


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what can you tell me about the above mentioned latter state?

Context: Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.

Question: what is its capital?

Answer: Topeka

Explanation: Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita.

Kansas [SEP] Introduction


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Question: can you name any of its bordering states?

Answer: Kansas is bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west

Explanation: Kansas is bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west

Kansas [SEP] Introduction


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its bordering states?

Context: Kansas is bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west

Question: can you name any of its rivers?

Answer: Kansas River

Explanation: Kansas is named after the Kansas River, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native Americans who lived along its banks.

Kansas [SEP] Introduction


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its rivers?

Context: Kansas River

Question: who were the early settlers there?

Answer: Americans

Kansas [SEP] Introduction

Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. Kansas was first settled by Americans in 1827 with the establishment of Fort Leavenworth. The pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery debate. When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the Kansas–Nebraska Act, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state.


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its rivers?

Context: Kansas River

Context: who were the early settlers there?

Context: Americans

Question: can you tell me more about its history?

Answer: It was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the Kansas–Nebraska Act, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state

Explanation: When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the Kansas–Nebraska Act, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state.

Kansas [SEP] Introduction

Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. The abolitionists prevailed, and on January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a free state, hence the unofficial nickname "The Free State". By 2015, Kansas was one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans. Kansas, which has an area of is the 15th-largest state by area and is the 34th most-populous of the 50 states with a population of 2,913,314. Residents of Kansas are called "Kansans". Mount Sunflower is Kansas's highest point at .


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its rivers?

Context: Kansas River

Context: who were the early settlers there?

Context: Americans

Context: can you tell me more about its history?

Context: It was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the Kansas–Nebraska Act, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state

Question: what can you tell me about the course of the aforesaid river?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Kansas [SEP] Introduction


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its rivers?

Context: Kansas River

Context: who were the early settlers there?

Context: Americans

Context: can you tell me more about its history?

Context: what can you tell me about the course of the aforesaid river?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: does it have a place in pop culture?

Answer: Yes, The river is featured prominently in the 2017 documentary "When Kings Reigned" and Only strangers and Google Maps call it 'The Kansas River'"

Explanation:
The river is featured prominently in the 2017 documentary "When Kings Reigned", directed by Kansans Ian Ballinger and Alison Dover. The film talks about life along the Kansas River in the late 1800s, and the trials that the fishermen on the river faced. Étienne de Veniard Sieur de Bourgmont's expedition into the Kansas River valley and the history of the Kanza people in their villages along the river is discussed in "The Last Wild Places of Kansas", a book by George Frazier.

In Sara Paretsky's 2017 detective novel "Fallout", in which Paretsky's Chicago-based private detective V.I. Warshawski carries out an investigation in Lawrence, Kansas, a Lawrence resident tells her: "You should always say 'The Kaw' when you speak of our river. Only strangers and Google Maps call it 'The Kansas River'"(Ch. 32).

Kansas River [SEP] In popular culture


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its rivers?

Context: Kansas River

Context: who were the early settlers there?

Context: Americans

Context: can you tell me more about its history?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it have a place in pop culture?

Context: Yes, The river is featured prominently in the 2017 documentary "When Kings Reigned" and Only strangers and Google Maps call it 'The Kansas River'"

Question: what can you tell me about the above mentioned act?

Answer: It was a territorial organic act that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska

Kansas–Nebraska Act [SEP] Introduction

The Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 () was a territorial organic act that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. It was drafted by Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas, passed by the 33rd United States Congress, and signed into law by President Franklin Pierce. Douglas introduced the bill with the goal of opening up new lands to development and facilitating construction of a transcontinental railroad, but the Kansas–Nebraska Act is most notable for effectively repealing the Missouri Compromise, stoking national tensions over slavery, and contributing to a series of armed conflicts known as "Bleeding Kansas". The United States had acquired vast amounts of sparsely settled land in the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, and since the 1840s Douglas had sought to establish a territorial government in a portion of the Louisiana Purchase that was still unorganized.


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its rivers?

Context: Kansas River

Context: who were the early settlers there?

Context: Americans

Context: can you tell me more about its history?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it have a place in pop culture?

Context: what can you tell me about the above mentioned act?

Context: It was a territorial organic act that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska

Question: who drafted it?

Answer: Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas

Explanation: It was drafted by Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas, passed by the 33rd United States Congress, and signed into law by President Franklin Pierce

Kansas–Nebraska Act [SEP] Introduction


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its rivers?

Context: Kansas River

Context: who were the early settlers there?

Context: Americans

Context: can you tell me more about its history?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it have a place in pop culture?

Context: who drafted it?

Context: Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas

Question: when did this act come into being?

Answer: 1854

Explanation: The Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 () was a territorial organic act that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska.

Kansas–Nebraska Act [SEP] Introduction


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its rivers?

Context: Kansas River

Context: who were the early settlers there?

Context: Americans

Context: can you tell me more about its history?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it have a place in pop culture?

Context: who drafted it?

Context: Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas

Context: when did this act come into being?

Question: who was the president back then?

Answer: Franklin Pierce

Explanation: Douglas, passed by the 33rd United States Congress, and signed into law by President Franklin Pierce

Kansas–Nebraska Act [SEP] Introduction


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its rivers?

Context: Kansas River

Context: who were the early settlers there?

Context: Americans

Context: can you tell me more about its history?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it have a place in pop culture?

Context: who drafted it?

Context: Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas

Context: when did this act come into being?

Context: who was the president back then?

Context: Franklin Pierce

Question: which political party is he associated with?

Answer: Democrat

Franklin Pierce [SEP] Introduction

Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804October 8, 1869) was the 14th president of the United States (1853–1857), a northern Democrat who believed that the abolitionist movement was a fundamental threat to the unity of the nation. He alienated anti-slavery groups by supporting and signing the Kansas–Nebraska Act and enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act, yet these efforts failed to stem conflict between North and South. The South eventually seceded and the American Civil War began in 1861. Pierce was born in New Hampshire. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate until his resignation in 1842. His private law practice was a success, and he was appointed New Hampshire's U.S.


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its rivers?

Context: Kansas River

Context: who were the early settlers there?

Context: Americans

Context: can you tell me more about its history?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it have a place in pop culture?

Context: who drafted it?

Context: Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas

Context: when did this act come into being?

Context: who was the president back then?

Context: Franklin Pierce

Context: which political party is he associated with?

Context: Democrat

Question: what was his early career?

Answer: Lawyer

Explanation: During his final year at Bowdoin, he spent several months teaching at Hebron Academy in rural Hebron, Maine, where he earned his first salary and his students included future Congressman John J. Perry.

Franklin Pierce [SEP] Childhood and education

Perry. Pierce read law briefly with former New Hampshire Governor Levi Woodbury, a family friend in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He then spent a semester at Northampton Law School in Northampton, Massachusetts, followed by a period of study in 1826 and 1827 under Judge Edmund Parker in Amherst, New Hampshire. He was admitted to the New Hampshire bar in late 1827 and began to practice in Hillsborough. He lost his first case, but soon proved capable as a lawyer. Despite never being a legal scholar, his memory for names and faces served him well, as did his personal charm and deep voice.


Context: Oklahoma border to Kansas City

Context: when was it built?

Context: It was built from 1954 to 1956

Context: what is its capital?

Context: Topeka

Context: can you name any of its rivers?

Context: Kansas River

Context: who were the early settlers there?

Context: Americans

Context: can you tell me more about its history?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it have a place in pop culture?

Context: who drafted it?

Context: Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas

Context: when did this act come into being?

Context: who was the president back then?

Context: Franklin Pierce

Context: Democrat

Context: what was his early career?

Context: Lawyer

Question: what is his presidential rank?

Answer: 14th president of the United States

Explanation: Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804October 8, 1869) was the 14th president of the United States (1853–1857),

Franklin Pierce [SEP] Introduction


Question: what is royal mail case?

Answer: A noted English criminal case in 1931.

Royal Mail Case [SEP] Introduction

The Royal Mail Case or R v Kylsant & Otrs was a noted English criminal case in 1931. The director of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, Lord Kylsant, had falsified a trading prospectus with the aid of the company accountant to make it look as if the company was profitable and to entice potential investors. Following an independent audit instigated by HM Treasury, Kylsant and John Moreland, the company auditor, were arrested and charged with falsifying both the trading prospectus and company records and accounts. Although they were acquitted of falsifying records and accounts, Kylsant was found guilty of falsifying the trading prospectus and sentenced to twelve months in prison.


Context:
what is royal mail case?
A noted English criminal case in 1931.

Question: what is the background of this case?

Answer: The director of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, Lord Kylsant, had falsified a trading prospectus with the aid of the company accountant to make it look as if the company was profitable and to entice potential investors.

Explanation: The director of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, Lord Kylsant, had falsified a trading prospectus with the aid of the company accountant to make it look as if the company was profitable and to entice potential investors.

Royal Mail Case [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is royal mail case?

Context: A noted English criminal case in 1931.

Context: what is the background of this case?

Context: The director of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, Lord Kylsant, had falsified a trading prospectus with the aid of the company accountant to make it look as if the company was profitable and to entice potential investors.

Question: where is the aforementioned company from?

Answer: London.

Royal Mail Steam Packet Company [SEP] Introduction

The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company was a British shipping company founded in London in 1839 by a Scot, James MacQueen. The line's motto was "Per Mare Ubique" (everywhere by sea). After good and bad times it became the largest shipping group in the world in 1927 when it took over the White Star Line.


Context: what is royal mail case?

Context: A noted English criminal case in 1931.

Context: what is the background of this case?

Context: where is the aforementioned company from?

Context: London.

Question: what is this company's history?

Answer: It was founded in 1839 by James MacQueen, ran tours and mail to various destinations in the Caribbean and South America, and by 1927, was the largest shipping group in the world.

Royal Mail Steam Packet Company [SEP] History as Royal Mail Steam Packet Company

The RMSPC, founded in 1839 by James MacQueen, ran tours and mail to various destinations in the Caribbean and South America, and by 1927, was the largest shipping group in the world. MacQueen's imperial visions for the RMSPC were clear; he hoped that new steamship communications between Britain and the Caribbean would mitigate post-Emancipation instabilities, in particular by promoting commerce. From the outset the company aimed to be the vanguard of British maritime supremacy and technology, as F Harcourt suggests, the RMSPC presented itself "as existing not merely for the good of its shareholders but for the good of the nation".


Context: what is royal mail case?

Context: A noted English criminal case in 1931.

Context: what is the background of this case?

Context: London.

Context: what is this company's history?

Context: It was founded in 1839 by James MacQueen, ran tours and mail to various destinations in the Caribbean and South America, and by 1927, was the largest shipping group in the world.

Question: what happened during its reconstitution?

Answer: The new company took over the ships of RMSPC and other companies of the former group.

Royal Mail Steam Packet Company [SEP] Reconstitution as Royal Mail Lines

The company ran into financial trouble, and the UK Government investigated its affairs in 1930, resulting in the Royal Mail Case. In 1931 Lord Kylsant was jailed for 12 months for misrepresenting the state of the company to shareholders. So much of Britain's shipping industry was involved in RMSPC that arrangements were made to guarantee the continuation of ship operations after it was liquidated. Royal Mail Lines Ltd (RML) was created in 1932 and took over the ships of RMSPC and other companies of the former group. The new company was chaired by Lord Essendon. The new company's operations were concentrated on the west coast of South America, the West Indies and Caribbean, and the Pacific coast of North America; the Southampton – Lisbon – Brazil – Uruguay – Argentina route was operated from 1850 to 1980.


Context: what is royal mail case?

Context: A noted English criminal case in 1931.

Context: what is the background of this case?

Context: London.

Context: what is this company's history?

Context: what happened during its reconstitution?

Context: The new company took over the ships of RMSPC and other companies of the former group.

Question: what are some lists of rmsp ships?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Royal Mail Steam Packet Company [SEP] List of RMSP Company ships

For conciseness smaller ships such as schooners and lighters are omitted.


Context: what is royal mail case?

Context: A noted English criminal case in 1931.

Context: what is the background of this case?

Context: London.

Context: what is this company's history?

Context: what are some lists of rmsp ships?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what was the aftermath of the first mentioned case above?

Answer: The company was reconstituted as The Royal Mail Lines Ltd.

Royal Mail Case [SEP] Aftermath

Following Kylsant's conviction the company was liquidated, and reconstituted as The Royal Mail Lines Ltd with the backing of the British government. The case led to several changes in the way companies were audited. Because many accountants shared Plender's view that secret reserve accounting was a regular and respectable practice, and because the pair had not been found guilty of publishing false information as a result of this, the professional response was disjointed and half-hearted. There were major changes, however: although the practice of secret reserve accounting remained acceptable, companies disclosed their use of this in their audit reports. The Companies Act 1947 made it clear that failing to disclose the use of this process was unacceptable, and undermined the "true and fair view" companies were required to give in their financial statements.


Context: what is royal mail case?

Context: A noted English criminal case in 1931.

Context: what is the background of this case?

Context: London.

Context: what is this company's history?

Context: what are some lists of rmsp ships?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the aftermath of the first mentioned case above?

Context: The company was reconstituted as The Royal Mail Lines Ltd.

Question: what are the trial it went through?

Answer: The trial at the Old Bailey before Mr Justice Wright.

Royal Mail Case [SEP] Trial

The trial began at the Old Bailey on 20 July 1931 before Mr Justice Wright, with Sir William Jowitt, D.N. Pritt and Eustace Fulton for the prosecution, Sir John Simon, J.E. Singleton and Wilfred Lewis for Lord Kylsant and Sir Patrick Hastings, Stuart Bevan, Frederick Tucker and C.J. Conway for John Moreland. The indictment contained 3 counts. On count 1 Kylsant was charged with issuing a document, namely the annual report for 1926 with intent to deceive the shareholders about the true state of the company, Morland was charged with aiding and abetting this offence. Count 2 was an identical count relating to the annual report for 1927 against both defendants and on count 3 Kylsant alone was charged with issuing a document—the debenture stock prospectus of 1928 with intent to induce people to advance property to the company.


Context: what is royal mail case?

Context: A noted English criminal case in 1931.

Context: what is the background of this case?

Context: London.

Context: what is this company's history?

Context: what are some lists of rmsp ships?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the trial it went through?

Context: The trial at the Old Bailey before Mr Justice Wright.

Question: what is the history behind this bailey?

Answer: The court originated as the sessions house of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of the City of London and of Middlesex.

Old Bailey [SEP] History

The court originated as the sessions house of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of the City of London and of Middlesex. The original medieval court was first mentioned in 1585; it was next to the older Newgate Prison, and seems to have grown out of the endowment to improve the gaol and rooms for the sheriffs, made possible by a gift from Richard Whittington. It was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and rebuilt in 1674, with the court open to the weather to prevent the spread of disease. In 1734, it was refronted, enclosing the court and reducing the influence of spectators: this led to outbreaks of typhus, notably in 1750 when 60 people died, including the Lord Mayor and two judges.


Context: what is royal mail case?

Context: A noted English criminal case in 1931.

Context: what is the background of this case?

Context: London.

Context: what is this company's history?

Context: what are some lists of rmsp ships?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the trial it went through?

Context: what is the history behind this bailey?

Context: The court originated as the sessions house of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of the City of London and of Middlesex.

Question: what is the early settlement happened in this mentioned place?

Answer: It was formerly part of the Kingdom of Essex.

Middlesex [SEP] Early settlement

There were settlements in the area of Middlesex that can be traced back thousands of years before the creation of a county. Middlesex was formerly part of the Kingdom of Essex It was recorded in the Domesday Book as being divided into the six hundreds of Edmonton, Elthorne, Gore, Hounslow (Isleworth in all later records), Ossulstone and Spelthorne. The City of London has been self-governing since the thirteenth century and became a county in its own right, a county corporate. Middlesex also included Westminster, which also had a high degree of autonomy. Of the six hundreds, Ossulstone contained the districts closest to the City of London.


Question: when did the movie trading places come out

Answer: Summer of 1983

Explanation: summer of 1983

Trading Places [SEP] Release

The summer of 1983 (June–September) was predicted to surpass the previous year's record-breaking $1.4billion in theater tickets sold. The season featured expected hits such as the third installment in the "Star Wars" series, "Return of the Jedi", "Superman III", and the latest James Bond film "Octopussy". Over 40 films were scheduled for release over the 16-week period. Studios had to strategize their releases to avoid damaging their own films' performances by pitting them against better-performing competition. Paramount Studios opted to position "Trading Places" release at the start of summer, as those films expected to do well would benefit from being in theaters longer during this busy period.


Context: when did the movie trading places come out

Context: Summer of 1983

Question: what type of movie is this?

Answer: Comedy film

Explanation: comedy film

Trading Places [SEP] Introduction

Trading Places is a 1983 American comedy film directed by John Landis and written by Timothy Harris and Herschel Weingrod. It stars Dan Aykroyd, Eddie Murphy, Ralph Bellamy, Don Ameche, Denholm Elliott, and Jamie Lee Curtis. The film tells the story of an upper-class commodities broker (Aykroyd) and a poor street hustler (Murphy) whose lives cross when they are unwittingly made the subject of an elaborate bet to test how each man will perform when their life circumstances are swapped. "Trading Places" features Kristin Holby and Paul Gleason in supporting roles. Harris conceived the outline for "Trading Places" in the early 1980s after encountering two wealthy brothers who were engaged in an ongoing rivalry with each other.


Context: Summer of 1983

Context: what type of movie is this?

Context: Comedy film

Question: who directed it?

Answer: John Landis

Explanation: John Landis

Trading Places [SEP] Introduction


Context: Summer of 1983

Context: what type of movie is this?

Context: Comedy film

Context: who directed it?

Context: John Landis

Question: what is the storyline of this motion picture?

Answer: The story of an upper-class commodities broker and a poor street hustler whose lives cross when they are unwittingly made the subject of an elaborate bet to test how each man will perform when their life circumstances are swapped.

Explanation: he story of an upper-class commodities broker (Aykroyd) and a poor street hustler (Murphy) whose lives cross when they are unwittingly made the subject of an elaborate bet to test how each man will perform when their life circumstances are swapped.

Trading Places [SEP] Introduction


Context: Summer of 1983

Context: what type of movie is this?

Context: Comedy film

Context: who directed it?

Context: John Landis

Context: what is the storyline of this motion picture?

Context: The story of an upper-class commodities broker and a poor street hustler whose lives cross when they are unwittingly made the subject of an elaborate bet to test how each man will perform when their life circumstances are swapped.

Question: which actor plays the role of the broker?

Answer: Dan Aykroyd

Explanation: Aykroyd

Trading Places [SEP] Introduction


Context: Summer of 1983

Context: what type of movie is this?

Context: Comedy film

Context: who directed it?

Context: John Landis

Context: which actor plays the role of the broker?

Context: Dan Aykroyd

Question: which actor plays the role of the hustler?

Answer: Eddie Murphy

Explanation: Murphy

Trading Places [SEP] Introduction


Context: Summer of 1983

Context: what type of movie is this?

Context: Comedy film

Context: who directed it?

Context: John Landis

Context: Dan Aykroyd

Context: which actor plays the role of the hustler?

Context: Eddie Murphy

Question: where were the scenes filmed in?

Answer: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and New York City

Trading Places [SEP] Filming

Principal photography began on December13, 1982. The budget was estimated to be $15million. Filming took place on location in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and New York City. Robert Paynter and Malcolm Campbell served, respectively, as the film's cinematographer and editor. The script underwent minor changes throughout filming; some improvisation was also encouraged. Changes were normally discussed in advance but, on other occasions, ad-libbed dialogue was considered funny enough to keep. Examples of ad-libs retained in the film include Valentine comparing Randolph to Randy Jackson of The Jackson 5 and demonstrating his "quart of blood" technique in jail. The first fifteen days of filming were spent in Philadelphia.


Context: Summer of 1983

Context: what type of movie is this?

Context: Comedy film

Context: who directed it?

Context: John Landis

Context: Dan Aykroyd

Context: Eddie Murphy

Context: where were the scenes filmed in?

Context: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and New York City

Question: what was the feedback received from the critics/viewers after watching this motion picture?

Answer: It received generally positive reviews from critics. Reviewers compared it to the socially conscious comedies of the 1930s and 1940s

Trading Places [SEP] Critical response

"Trading Places" received generally positive reviews from critics. Reviewers compared it to the socially conscious comedies of the 1930s and 1940s, like "My Man Godfrey" (1936), "Easy Living" (1937), "Christmas in July" (1940), and "Sullivan's Travels" (1941) by directors like Preston Sturges, Frank Capra, and Gregory La Cava. Janet Maslin said that the "likable" film owed a debt to the screwball comedy genre. She continued, "Preston Sturges might have made a movie like "Trading Places" - if he'd had a little less inspiration and a lot more money." Gary Arnold said the film was too inconsistent to be compared to those older films.


Context: Summer of 1983

Context: what type of movie is this?

Context: Comedy film

Context: who directed it?

Context: John Landis

Context: Dan Aykroyd

Context: Eddie Murphy

Context: where were the scenes filmed in?

Context: what was the feedback received from the critics/viewers after watching this motion picture?

Context: It received generally positive reviews from critics. Reviewers compared it to the socially conscious comedies of the 1930s and 1940s

Question: did it win any awards?

Answer: The 37th British Academy Film Awards

Explanation: The 37th British Academy Film Awards

Trading Places [SEP] Accolades

At the 41st Golden Globe Awards in 1984, the film received two nominations: Best Musical or Comedy (losing to romantic drama "Yentl") and Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy for Murphy who lost to Michael Caine's performance in the comedy drama "Educating Rita". At the 56th Academy Awards, Bernstein was nominated for Best Original Score; he lost to "Yentl"s score by Michel Legrand and Alan and Marilyn Bergman. The 37th British Academy Film Awards named Elliott and Curtis the Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, respectively. Harris and Weingrod were nominated for Best Original Screenplay; they lost to Paul D.


Context: Summer of 1983

Context: what type of movie is this?

Context: Comedy film

Context: who directed it?

Context: John Landis

Context: Dan Aykroyd

Context: Eddie Murphy

Context: where were the scenes filmed in?

Context: did it win any awards?

Context: The 37th British Academy Film Awards

Question: besides being a director of this movie, what are his other professions?

Answer: Comedian, screenwriter, actor, and producer

John Landis [SEP] Introduction

John David Landis (; born August 3, 1950) is an American film director, comedian, screenwriter, actor, and producer. He is best known for the comedy films that he has directed, such as "The Kentucky Fried Movie" (1977), "National Lampoon's Animal House" (1978), "The Blues Brothers" (1980), "An American Werewolf in London" (1981), "Trading Places" (1983), "Three Amigos" (1986), "Coming to America" (1988) and "Beverly Hills Cop III" (1994), and for directing Michael Jackson's music videos for "Thriller" (1983) and "Black or White" (1991).


Context: Summer of 1983

Context: what type of movie is this?

Context: Comedy film

Context: who directed it?

Context: John Landis

Context: Dan Aykroyd

Context: Eddie Murphy

Context: where were the scenes filmed in?

Context: did it win any awards?

Context: The 37th British Academy Film Awards

Context: besides being a director of this movie, what are his other professions?

Context: Comedian, screenwriter, actor, and producer

Question: which films did he screenwrite for?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

John Landis [SEP] Introduction


Context: Summer of 1983

Context: what type of movie is this?

Context: Comedy film

Context: who directed it?

Context: John Landis

Context: Dan Aykroyd

Context: Eddie Murphy

Context: where were the scenes filmed in?

Context: did it win any awards?

Context: The 37th British Academy Film Awards

Context: which films did he screenwrite for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did he direct some music videos?

Answer: Landis has directed several music videos. He was approached by Michael Jackson to make a video for his song, "Thriller"

John Landis [SEP] Music videos

Landis has directed several music videos. He was approached by Michael Jackson to make a video for his song, "Thriller". The resulting video significantly impacted MTV and the concept of music videos; it has won numerous awards, including the Video Vanguard Award for The Greatest Video in the History of the World. In 2009 (months before Jackson died), Landis sued the Jackson estate in a dispute over royalties for the video; he claimed to be owed at least four years' worth of royalties. In 1991, Landis collaborated again with Michael Jackson on the music video for the song "Black or White."


Context: Summer of 1983

Context: what type of movie is this?

Context: Comedy film

Context: who directed it?

Context: John Landis

Context: Dan Aykroyd

Context: Eddie Murphy

Context: where were the scenes filmed in?

Context: did it win any awards?

Context: The 37th British Academy Film Awards

Context: which films did he screenwrite for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he direct some music videos?

Context: Landis has directed several music videos. He was approached by Michael Jackson to make a video for his song, "Thriller"

Question: what are some of the documentaries he directed for?

Answer: "Coming Soon", "B.B. King "Into the Night"

John Landis [SEP] Documentaries

Landis made his first documentary, "Coming Soon" in 1982; it was only released on VHS. Next, he co-directed "B.B. King "Into the Night"" (1985) and in 2002 directed "", which can be seen as a part of the "Animal House" DVD extras. Initially, his documentaries were only made to promote his feature films. Later in his career he became more serious about the oeuvre and made "Slasher" (2004), "" (2007) and "Starz Inside: Ladies or Gentlemen" (2009). These documentaries were filmed for television; Landis won a 2008 Emmy Award for "Mr. Warmth". He worked on the "Making of Thriller", which was filmed in 3-D.


Question: which was vivien leigh's debut movie?

Answer: Things Are Looking Up.

Vivien Leigh [SEP] 1935–1936: Early career

Leigh's friends suggested she take a small role as a schoolgirl in the film "Things Are Looking Up", which was her film debut, albeit uncredited as an extra. She engaged an agent, John Gliddon, who believed that "Vivian Holman" was not a suitable name for an actress. After rejecting his many suggestions, she took "Vivian Leigh" as her professional name. Gliddon recommended her to Alexander Korda as a possible film actress, but Korda rejected her as lacking potential. She was cast in the play "The Mask of Virtue", directed by Sidney Carroll in 1935, and received excellent reviews, followed by interviews and newspaper articles.


Context:
which was vivien leigh's debut movie?
Things Are Looking Up.

Question: when was it released?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context:
which was vivien leigh's debut movie?
Things Are Looking Up.
when was it released?
UNANSWERABLE

Question: whom is she married to?

Answer: Herbert Leigh Holman.

Vivien Leigh [SEP] 1913–1934: Early life and acting debut

Shortly after, her father enrolled Vivian at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London. Vivian met Herbert Leigh Holman, known as Leigh Holman, a barrister 13 years her senior, in 1931. Despite his disapproval of "theatrical people", they married on 20 December 1932 and she terminated her studies at RADA, her attendance and interest in acting having already waned after meeting Holman. On 12 October 1933 in London, she gave birth to a daughter, Suzanne, later Mrs. Robin Farrington.


Context:
which was vivien leigh's debut movie?
Things Are Looking Up.
when was it released?
UNANSWERABLE
whom is she married to?
Herbert Leigh Holman.

Question: what were her other famous films?

Answer: 'Gone with the Wind' and 'A Streetcar Named Desire'.

Vivien Leigh [SEP] Introduction

Vivien Leigh (; 5 November 1913 – 8 July 1967; born Vivian Mary Hartley and styled as Lady Olivier after 1947) was a British stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her definitive performances as Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone with the Wind" (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of "A Streetcar Named Desire" (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of "Tovarich" (1963). After completing her drama school education, Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in "Fire Over England" (1937).


Context: which was vivien leigh's debut movie?

Context: Things Are Looking Up.

Context: when was it released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: whom is she married to?

Context: Herbert Leigh Holman.

Context: what were her other famous films?

Context: 'Gone with the Wind' and 'A Streetcar Named Desire'.

Question: what was her role in the former?

Answer: Lead actress.

Explanation: She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her definitive performances as Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone

Vivien Leigh [SEP] Introduction


Context: which was vivien leigh's debut movie?

Context: Things Are Looking Up.

Context: when was it released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: whom is she married to?

Context: Herbert Leigh Holman.

Context: what were her other famous films?

Context: what was her role in the former?

Context: Lead actress.

Question: did it bring her any award?

Answer: Yes, Academy award for Best Actress.

Explanation: She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her definitive performances as Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone with the Wind" (1939)

Vivien Leigh [SEP] Introduction


Context: which was vivien leigh's debut movie?

Context: Things Are Looking Up.

Context: when was it released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: whom is she married to?

Context: Herbert Leigh Holman.

Context: what were her other famous films?

Context: what was her role in the former?

Context: Lead actress.

Context: did it bring her any award?

Context: Yes, Academy award for Best Actress.

Question: when was it given?

Answer: 1939.

Vivien Leigh [SEP] Introduction


Context: which was vivien leigh's debut movie?

Context: Things Are Looking Up.

Context: when was it released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: whom is she married to?

Context: Herbert Leigh Holman.

Context: what were her other famous films?

Context: what was her role in the former?

Context: Lead actress.

Context: did it bring her any award?

Context: Yes, Academy award for Best Actress.

Context: when was it given?

Question: can you name a few actors who have received the above award?

Answer: Janet Gaynor and Helen Hayes.

Explanation: The first Best Actress award was awarded for acting in a film, on May 16, 1929 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) at the Academy Awards to Janet Gaynor for her role of Diane in "7th Heaven", Angela in "Street Angel" and The Wife - Indre in "". In theatre, it was first awarded on April 6, 1947 by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at the Tony Awards to Ingrid Bergman for her role of Mary Grey / Joan of Arc in "Joan of Lorraine" and to Helen Hayes for her role of Addie in "Happy Birthday". In television, it was first awarded on January 23, 1951 by Academy of Television Arts & Sciences at the Primetime Emmy Awards to Gertrude Berg for her role of Molly in "The Goldbergs". In a film festival, presented as the Volpi Cup, it was f

Best Actress [SEP] Introduction

Best Actress is the name of an award which is presented by various film, television and theatre organizations, festivals, and people's awards to leading actresses in a film, television series, television film or play. The first Best Actress award was awarded for acting in a film, on May 16, 1929 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) at the Academy Awards to Janet Gaynor for her role of Diane in "7th Heaven", Angela in "Street Angel" and The Wife - Indre in "". In theatre, it was first awarded on April 6, 1947 by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at the Tony Awards to Ingrid Bergman for her role of Mary Grey / Joan of Arc in "Joan of Lorraine" and to Helen Hayes for her role of Addie in "Happy Birthday".


Context: which was vivien leigh's debut movie?

Context: Things Are Looking Up.

Context: when was it released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: whom is she married to?

Context: Herbert Leigh Holman.

Context: what were her other famous films?

Context: what was her role in the former?

Context: Lead actress.

Context: did it bring her any award?

Context: Yes, Academy award for Best Actress.

Context: when was it given?

Context: can you name a few actors who have received the above award?

Context: Janet Gaynor and Helen Hayes.

Question: for which movie did the latter get it?

Answer: Happy Birthday.

Explanation: to Helen Hayes for her role of Addie in "Happy Birthday".

Best Actress [SEP] Introduction

In television, it was first awarded on January 23, 1951 by Academy of Television Arts & Sciences at the Primetime Emmy Awards to Gertrude Berg for her role of Molly in "The Goldbergs". In a film festival, presented as the Volpi Cup, it was first awarded between August 1–20, 1934 by the Venice Film Festival to Katharine Hepburn for her role of Josephine 'Jo' March in "Little Women".


Context: which was vivien leigh's debut movie?

Context: Things Are Looking Up.

Context: when was it released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: whom is she married to?

Context: Herbert Leigh Holman.

Context: what were her other famous films?

Context: what was her role in the former?

Context: Lead actress.

Context: did it bring her any award?

Context: Yes, Academy award for Best Actress.

Context: when was it given?

Context: Janet Gaynor and Helen Hayes.

Context: for which movie did the latter get it?

Context: Happy Birthday.

Question: what was the theme discussed in it?

Answer: The story involves Addie, a mousy librarian who becomes enamoured of a handsome bank clerk, and her attempts to win him over.

Happy Birthday (play) [SEP] Introduction

Happy Birthday is a play written by Anita Loos. It opened on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theatre on October 31, 1946 and closed on March 13, 1948, after 564 performances. It starred Helen Hayes, for whom it was written. The story involves Addie, a mousy librarian who becomes enamoured of a handsome bank clerk, and her attempts to win him over. It was directed by Joshua Logan and featured a song written for the show, "I Haven't Got a Worry in the World", with music by Richard Rodgers and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and James Livingston. It was filmed as a television special for "Producers' Showcase" with Betty Field as Addie and aired on the NBC network on June 2, 1956.


Context: which was vivien leigh's debut movie?

Context: Things Are Looking Up.

Context: when was it released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: whom is she married to?

Context: Herbert Leigh Holman.

Context: what were her other famous films?

Context: what was her role in the former?

Context: Lead actress.

Context: did it bring her any award?

Context: Yes, Academy award for Best Actress.

Context: when was it given?

Context: Janet Gaynor and Helen Hayes.

Context: for which movie did the latter get it?

Context: Happy Birthday.

Context: what was the theme discussed in it?

Context: The story involves Addie, a mousy librarian who becomes enamoured of a handsome bank clerk, and her attempts to win him over.

Question: who was her co-star in it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: which was vivien leigh's debut movie?

Context: Things Are Looking Up.

Context: when was it released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: whom is she married to?

Context: Herbert Leigh Holman.

Context: what were her other famous films?

Context: what was her role in the former?

Context: Lead actress.

Context: did it bring her any award?

Context: Yes, Academy award for Best Actress.

Context: when was it given?

Context: Janet Gaynor and Helen Hayes.

Context: for which movie did the latter get it?

Context: Happy Birthday.

Context: what was the theme discussed in it?

Context: who was her co-star in it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which character did she portray?

Answer: Addie.


Context: which was vivien leigh's debut movie?

Context: Things Are Looking Up.

Context: when was it released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: whom is she married to?

Context: Herbert Leigh Holman.

Context: what were her other famous films?

Context: what was her role in the former?

Context: Lead actress.

Context: did it bring her any award?

Context: Yes, Academy award for Best Actress.

Context: when was it given?

Context: Janet Gaynor and Helen Hayes.

Context: for which movie did the latter get it?

Context: Happy Birthday.

Context: what was the theme discussed in it?

Context: who was her co-star in it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which character did she portray?

Context: Addie.

Question: did she receive any other award?

Answer: Yes, the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

Helen Hayes [SEP] Other awards

In 1972, she received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. In 1973, Hayes was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Hayes's name and picture.


Question: what album is we belong together by mariah carey on

Answer: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

We Belong Together [SEP] Introduction

"We Belong Together" is a song by American singer Mariah Carey from her tenth studio album, "The Emancipation of Mimi" (2005). The song was released on March 29, 2005, through Island Records, as the second single from the album. "We Belong Together" was written by Carey, Jermaine Dupri, Manuel Seal, and Johntá Austin, and produced by the former three. Since the song interpolates lyrics from Bobby Womack's "If You Think You're Lonely Now" (1981) and the Deele's "Two Occasions" (1987), the songwriters of those respective songs are credited. "We Belong Together" is built on a simple piano arrangement with an understated backbeat.


Context: what album is we belong together by mariah carey on

Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Question: who is the singer of this song?

Answer: Mariah Carey

Explanation: We Belong Together" is a song by American singer Mariah Carey from her tenth studio album, "The Emancipation of Mimi" (2005).

We Belong Together [SEP] Introduction


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Question: does it has any remix version?

Answer: Yes, she  recorded an official remix version for it.

We Belong Together [SEP] Remixes

Carey recorded an official remix version for "We Belong Together", which she produced with DJ Clue. The remix features vocals from rappers Jadakiss and Styles P, two-thirds of the hip-hop trio the LOX. The remix is fundamentally different from the original, described as having "a faster, springier backbeat" by Kelefa Sanneh of "The New York Times". Lyrically, the song is similar to the album version of the song, in which both rappers' verses contemplate on past memories. Styles P raps "Past is the past, just let it be bygones / Matter of fact I know a fly song that we could vibe on", which Sanneh writes "Cheerfully out of place, he sounds like a man who has wandered into the wrong summertime party, but so what? He figures he might as well stick around and enjoy it." In two separate reviews of "The Emancipation of Mimi", Sanneh referred to the song as both "great" and "excellent", in regards to the remix.


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: Yes, she  recorded an official remix version for it.

Question: which award did it fetch?

Answer: MTV Movie Awards, MTV Video Music Awards, Macy's Fourth of July Parade, "The Oprah Winfrey Show" and the 48th Grammy Awards.

Explanation: The song's music video was filmed as a two-part story with "It's Like That", which featured Carey at her bachelorette party. The video for "We Belong Together" is a continuation focusing on Carey's wedding to an older and powerful man and ends with the singer eloping with her ex-lover. Rumors arose of the video's connection to her 1993 marriage to Tommy Mottola. Carey performed the song on several award shows and television appearances around the world, namely MTV Movie Awards, MTV Video Music Awards, Macy's Fourth of July Parade, "The Oprah Winfrey Show" and the 48th Grammy Awards. In Europe the song was performed at the Live 8 charity concert, the Fashion Rocks in Monaco, and the German Bambi Awards. Carey performed the song while on The Adventures of Mimi Tour and the song has been on every tour set list since then.

We Belong Together [SEP] Introduction


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Question: where was it performed live?

Answer: In Europe the song was performed at the Live 8 charity concert, the Fashion Rocks in Monaco

We Belong Together [SEP] Introduction

Rumors arose of the video's connection to her 1993 marriage to Tommy Mottola. Carey performed the song on several award shows and television appearances around the world, namely MTV Movie Awards, MTV Video Music Awards, Macy's Fourth of July Parade, "The Oprah Winfrey Show" and the 48th Grammy Awards. In Europe the song was performed at the Live 8 charity concert, the Fashion Rocks in Monaco, and the German Bambi Awards. Carey performed the song while on The Adventures of Mimi Tour and the song has been on every tour set list since then.


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: In Europe the song was performed at the Live 8 charity concert, the Fashion Rocks in Monaco

Question: can you name other songs of the mentioned album?

Answer: "Say Somethin' , "Fly Like a Bird" are some of them

Explanation: Carey wrote and co-produced several songs including "Say Somethin' (with Snoop Dogg and The Neptunes), "To the Floor" (with Nelly), and "Fly Like a Bird" with James "Big Jim" Wright. By November, she felt that she had composed enough good material for "The Emancipation of Mimi".

The Emancipation of Mimi [SEP] Writing and recording

The singer had been frustrated with the overproduction on many of her previous records, due to the inclusion of what she considered unnecessary "bells and whistles". She opted to record the majority of "The Emancipation of Mimi" live, alongside the band. Reid agreed with this decision and felt that the live vocals made the album sound more authentic.


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: can you name other songs of the mentioned album?

Context: "Say Somethin' , "Fly Like a Bird" are some of them

Question: when was this album released?

Answer: April 12, 2005

The Emancipation of Mimi [SEP] Introduction

The Emancipation of Mimi is the tenth studio album by American singer-songwriter and producer Mariah Carey, released through Island Records on April 12, 2005. "The Emancipation of Mimi" was considered Carey's "comeback album" by critics and became her highest-selling release in the US in a decade. In composing the album, Carey collaborated with many songwriters and producers throughout 2004, including Jermaine Dupri, Snoop Dogg, Twista, Nelly, Pharrell Williams, and James "Big Jim" Wright, many of whom appeared as featured guests on select tracks. Carey opted to use her personal nickname 'Mimi' in the title, revealing a more intimate side of the singer, as seen in the album's declarative theme of emancipation from her personal and commercial setbacks.


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: when was this album released?

Context: April 12, 2005

Question: how good did the above latter song perform?

Answer: It received acclaim from music critics, many of whom praised Carey's gospel-flavored vocal performance, as well as the song's lyrical content

Fly Like a Bird [SEP] Critical reception

"Fly Like a Bird" received acclaim from music critics, many of whom praised Carey's gospel-flavored vocal performance, as well as the song's lyrical content. Critic Jim DeRogatis from the "Chicago Sun-Times" called Carey's voice as "one-in-a-million", and wrote "she's never been shy about showing off with frequently annoying octave-spanning trills – and her instrument seems to be intact; witness the display of bravado on 'Fly Like a Bird'." When describing the song, Dina Passaro from "Newsday" wrote "This songstress is back and better than ever!" and claimed Carey "sounds awesome and tears it apart". Tom Ferguson from "Billboard" called the track a "classic", and wrote "the re-crowned diva delivers a consummate vocal." Similarly, in a separate review for the song, Ferguson went into detail regarding Carey's performance in "Fly Like a Bird": "The Emancipation of Mimi" spawns yet another career-redefining hit in the sweet, soulful "Fly Like a Bird", an honest-to-God religious mantra about redemption.


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: when was this album released?

Context: April 12, 2005

Context: how good did the above latter song perform?

Context: It received acclaim from music critics, many of whom praised Carey's gospel-flavored vocal performance, as well as the song's lyrical content

Question: what is the style of the aforementioned singer?

Answer: Hip hop

Mariah Carey [SEP] Introduction

These albums spawned some of Carey's most successful singles, including "Hero", "Without You", "All I Want for Christmas Is You", "Fantasy", "Always Be My Baby", as well as "One Sweet Day", which topped the US "Billboard" Hot 100 decade-end chart (1990s). After separating from Mottola, Carey adopted a new image and incorporated more elements of hip hop into her music with the release of "Butterfly" (1997). "Billboard" named her the country's most successful artist of the 1990s, while the World Music Awards honored her as the world's best-selling music artist of the 1990s, and the best-selling female artist of the millennium.


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: when was this album released?

Context: April 12, 2005

Context: what is the style of the aforementioned singer?

Context: Hip hop

Question: is her life/career controversial?

Answer: Yes, she  performed in a New Year's Eve concert for the family of Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, something she later claimed to "feel horrible and embarrassed to have participated in

Explanation:
In 2008, Carey performed in a New Year's Eve concert for the family of Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, something she later claimed to "feel horrible and embarrassed to have participated in." In March 2011, Carey's representative Cindi Berger stated that royalties for the song "Save the Day", which was written for her fourteenth studio album, would be donated to charities that create awareness to human rights issues to make amends for the Gadaffi error. Berger also said that "Mariah has and continues to donate her time, money and countless hours of personal service to many organizations both here and abroad." "Save The Day" remained unreleased until 2020.

In 2013, human rights activists criticized Carey for performing in a concert for Angola's "father-daughter kleptocracy" and accused her of accepting "dictator cash."

In January 2019, Carey controversially performed in Saudi Arabia. In the United Kingdom, Owen Jones of "The Guardian" found her agreement to perform there questionable

Mariah Carey [SEP] Controversies


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: when was this album released?

Context: April 12, 2005

Context: Hip hop

Context: is her life/career controversial?

Context: Yes, she  performed in a New Year's Eve concert for the family of Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, something she later claimed to "feel horrible and embarrassed to have participated in

Question: what other activities does she have?

Answer: She participated in endorsements for Intel Centrino personal computers and launched a jewelry and accessories line for teenagers, she was a part of a partnership with Pepsi and Motorola, Carey recorded and promoted a series of exclusive ringtones and many more

Explanation: Declining offers to appear in commercials in the United States during her early career, Carey was not involved in brand marketing initiatives until 2006, when she participated in endorsements for Intel Centrino personal computers and launched a jewelry and accessories line for teenagers, Glamorized, in American Claire's and Icing stores. During this period, as part of a partnership with Pepsi and Motorola, Carey recorded and promoted a series of exclusive ringtones, including "Time of Your Life". She signed a licensing deal with the cosmetics company Elizabeth Arden, and in 2007, she released her own fragrance, "M." The Elizabeth Arden deal has netted her $150 million. On November 29, 2010, she debuted a collection on HSN, which included jewelry, shoes and fragrances.

Mariah Carey [SEP] Other activities


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: when was this album released?

Context: April 12, 2005

Context: Hip hop

Context: is her life/career controversial?

Context: what other activities does she have?

Context: She participated in endorsements for Intel Centrino personal computers and launched a jewelry and accessories line for teenagers, she was a part of a partnership with Pepsi and Motorola, Carey recorded and promoted a series of exclusive ringtones and many more

Question: where is this second company of which she is a partner with, based?

Answer: Schaumburg, Illinois

Motorola [SEP] Introduction

Motorola, Inc. () was an American multinational telecommunications company founded on September 25, 1928, based in Schaumburg, Illinois. After having lost $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009, the company demerged into two independent public companies, Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on January 4, 2011. Motorola Inc. was renamed Motorola Solutions and is legally the direct successor to the original company after the demerger from Motorola Mobility. Motorola Mobility was sold to Google in 2012, and acquired by Chinese company Lenovo in 2014. Motorola designed and sold wireless network equipment such as cellular transmission base stations and signal amplifiers. Motorola's home and broadcast network products included set-top boxes, digital video recorders, and network equipment used to enable video broadcasting, computer telephony, and high-definition television.


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: when was this album released?

Context: April 12, 2005

Context: Hip hop

Context: is her life/career controversial?

Context: what other activities does she have?

Context: where is this second company of which she is a partner with, based?

Context: Schaumburg, Illinois

Question: which company is it?

Answer: An American multinational telecommunications company

Explanation: Motorola, Inc. () was an American multinational telecommunications company

Motorola [SEP] Introduction


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: when was this album released?

Context: April 12, 2005

Context: Hip hop

Context: is her life/career controversial?

Context: what other activities does she have?

Context: Schaumburg, Illinois

Context: which company is it?

Context: An American multinational telecommunications company

Question: did it experience any split?

Answer: Yes, its board of directors approved a split into two different publicly traded companies

Motorola [SEP] Split

On March 26, 2008, Motorola's board of directors approved a split into two different publicly traded companies. This came after talk of selling the handset division to another corporation. These new companies would be the business units of the current Motorola Mobile Devices and Motorola Broadband & Mobility Solutions. Originally it was expected that this action would be approved by regulatory bodies and complete by mid-2009, but the split was delayed due to company restructuring problems and the 2008–2009 extreme economic downturn. On February 11, 2010, Motorola announced its separation into two independent, publicly traded companies, effective Q1 2011. The official split occurred at around 12:00 pm EST on January 4, 2011.


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: when was this album released?

Context: April 12, 2005

Context: Hip hop

Context: is her life/career controversial?

Context: what other activities does she have?

Context: Schaumburg, Illinois

Context: which company is it?

Context: did it experience any split?

Context: Yes, its board of directors approved a split into two different publicly traded companies

Question: can you name any product of this company?

Answer: High-definition television, set-top boxes, digital video recorders are some of them

Explanation: Motorola designed and sold wireless network equipment such as cellular transmission base stations and signal amplifiers. Motorola's home and broadcast network products included set-top boxes, digital video recorders, and network equipment used to enable video broadcasting, computer telephony, and high-definition television.

Motorola [SEP] Introduction

It had staged a resurgence by the 2000s with the Razr, but lost market share in the second half of that decade. Later it focused on smartphones using Google's open-source Android mobile operating system. The first phone to use the newest version of Google's open source OS, Android 2.0, was released on November 2, 2009 as the Motorola Droid (the GSM version launched a month later, in Europe, as the Motorola Milestone).


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: when was this album released?

Context: April 12, 2005

Context: Hip hop

Context: is her life/career controversial?

Context: what other activities does she have?

Context: Schaumburg, Illinois

Context: which company is it?

Context: did it experience any split?

Context: can you name any product of this company?

Context: High-definition television, set-top boxes, digital video recorders are some of them

Question: who are its sponsors?

Answer: Scottish Premier League club Motherwell F.C, Livingston F.C. are some of them

Explanation:
Motorola sponsored Scottish Premier League club Motherwell F.C. for 11 years. This long-term deal ended after the company started to reduce its manufacturing operations in Scotland. The company also sponsored Livingston F.C. between 1998 and 2002. The company also had a plant on the edge of the town. However, this closed down at the same time as their sponsorship with the club ended. The South Stand at Livingston's Almondvale Stadium, was named after the company, during their time of sponsorship. The company also sponsored a cycling team that counted Lance Armstrong amongst its members. Motorola is also a sponsor of Danica Patrick, David Beckham, and Fergie. It also sponsored the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League from 2004 to 2007. Motorola sponsored São Paulo FC from 2000 to 2001. Motorola also sponsored Club Bolívar since 2008. Motorola awarded TrackIT Solutions for being "The company with most Innovative Enterprise Mobility Solution" in 2010.

Motorola sponsor

Motorola [SEP] Sponsorships


Context: "The Emancipation of Mimi"

Context: who is the singer of this song?

Context: Mariah Carey

Context: does it has any remix version?

Context: which award did it fetch?

Context: where was it performed live?

Context: when was this album released?

Context: April 12, 2005

Context: Hip hop

Context: is her life/career controversial?

Context: what other activities does she have?

Context: Schaumburg, Illinois

Context: which company is it?

Context: did it experience any split?

Context: who are its sponsors?

Context: Scottish Premier League club Motherwell F.C, Livingston F.C. are some of them

Question: what does this third sponsor refers to?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Motorola [SEP] Sponsorships


Question: who is hugh de neville?

Answer: Chief Forester of England.

Explanation: Hugh de Neville (died 1234) was the Chief Forester under the kings Richard I, John and Henry III of England;

Hugh de Neville [SEP] Introduction

He was named in "Magna Carta" as one of John's principal advisers, and considered by a medieval chronicler to be one of King John's "evil counsellors". He deserted John after the French invasion of England in 1216 but returned to pledge his loyalty to John's son after the latter's accession to the throne later that year. Neville's royal service continued until his death in 1234, though by then he was a less significant figure than he had been at the height of his powers.


Context:
who is hugh de neville?
Chief Forester of England.

Question: what's his date of birth?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hugh de Neville [SEP] Introduction

Hugh de Neville (died 1234) was the Chief Forester under the kings Richard I, John and Henry III of England; he was the sheriff for a number of counties. Related to a number of other royal officials as well as a bishop, Neville was a member of Prince Richard's household. After Richard became king in 1189, Neville continued in his service and accompanied him on the Third Crusade. Neville remained in the royal service following Richard's death in 1199 and the accession of King John to the throne, becoming one of the new king's favourites and often gambling with him.


Context:
who is hugh de neville?
Chief Forester of England.
what's his date of birth?
UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was he appointed for that job title mentioned?

Answer: In 1198.

Hugh de Neville [SEP] Chief Forester

Neville was appointed as Chief Forester under King Richard I in 1198. As the official in charge of the royal forests, he held one of the four great offices of the state: the others were the justiciar, the chancellor, and the treasurer. The forester was responsible for enforcing the forest law – the special law that applied to the royal forests – and presided over the forest justices, who held forest eyres. There was also a special forest exchequer, or forest treasury. In 1198 Neville presided over an Assize of the Forest that was described by the chronicler Roger of Howden as greatly oppressive.


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was he appointed for that job title mentioned?

Context: In 1198.

Question: who was the king of that country during that year?

Answer: King Richard I.

Explanation: Neville was appointed as Chief Forester under King Richard I in 1198

Hugh de Neville [SEP] Chief Forester


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1198.

Context: who was the king of that country during that year?

Context: King Richard I.

Question: what were some of hugh's job responsibilities for that job title?

Answer: He was responsible for enforcing the forest law and presiding over the forest justices, who held forest eyres.

Explanation: The forester was responsible for enforcing the forest law – the special law that applied to the royal forests  – and presided over the forest justices, who held forest eyres. There was also a special forest exchequer, or forest treasury.

Hugh de Neville [SEP] Chief Forester

Neville's large fine was probably a warning that the king was serious about enforcing the forest law; it was eventually rescinded. In 1213 Neville was placed in charge of the seaports along the southwest English coast from Cornwall to Hampshire, but some time in 1213 it appears that he fell from royal favour, although the circumstances are unknown. A fine of 6,000 marks was assessed on him for allowing two prisoners to escape, as well as other unrecorded offences, although the king did subsequently remit 1,000 marks of the fine. In 1215 Neville lost his office of chief forester. He was present at Runnymede for the signing of "Magna Carta" and was mentioned in the preamble as one of King John's councillors, as well as serving as a witness to the document.


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1198.

Context: King Richard I.

Context: what were some of hugh's job responsibilities for that job title?

Context: He was responsible for enforcing the forest law and presiding over the forest justices, who held forest eyres.

Question: did he possess land ownership?

Answer: Yes, he owned lands in Lincolnshire, Essex, and Surrey.

Hugh de Neville [SEP] Records and lands

Neville's household records for 1207 survive, detailing his itinerary for the year; in one eight-week period his household visited eleven different towns. In 1204 his wife offered the king 200 chickens for the right to sleep one night with her husband, an obligation recorded in the royal records. The historian Daniel Crook suggests that this shows that Joan Neville was one of the barons' wives who attracted King John's sexual attentions. Neville inherited lands in Lincolnshire worth one half of a knight's fee. These were augmented with gifts from Richard and John, much of which were in Essex. He also acquired lands in Surrey and in Somerset, and his marriage to Joan brought him estates in Essex.


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1198.

Context: King Richard I.

Context: did he possess land ownership?

Context: Yes, he owned lands in Lincolnshire, Essex, and Surrey.

Question: who was his wife?

Answer: Joan Neville.

Explanation: In 1204 his wife offered the king 200 chickens for the right to sleep one night with her husband, an obligation recorded in the royal records. The historian Daniel Crook suggests that this shows that Joan Neville was one of the barons' wives who attracted King John's sexual attentions.

Hugh de Neville [SEP] Records and lands


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1198.

Context: King Richard I.

Context: did he possess land ownership?

Context: who was his wife?

Context: Joan Neville.

Question: what could be the possible reason for him to get that job title?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hugh de Neville [SEP] Records and lands


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1198.

Context: King Richard I.

Context: did he possess land ownership?

Context: who was his wife?

Context: Joan Neville.

Context: what could be the possible reason for him to get that job title?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: for which years did that king rule?

Answer: From 1189 to 1199.

Explanation: Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death.

Richard I of England [SEP] Introduction

Following his accession, he spent very little time, perhaps as little as six months, in England. Most of his life as king was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending his lands in France. Rather than regarding his kingdom as a responsibility requiring his presence as ruler, he has been perceived as preferring to use it merely as a source of revenue to support his armies. Nevertheless, he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects. He remains one of the few kings of England remembered more commonly by his epithet than his regnal number, and is an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France.


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1198.

Context: King Richard I.

Context: did he possess land ownership?

Context: who was his wife?

Context: Joan Neville.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: for which years did that king rule?

Context: From 1189 to 1199.

Question: who did he marry?

Answer: Berengaria.

Richard I of England [SEP] Marriage

Before leaving Cyprus on crusade, Richard married Berengaria, the first-born daughter of King Sancho VI of Navarre. Richard first grew close to her at a tournament held in her native Navarre. The wedding was held in Limassol on 12 May 1191 at the Chapel of St George and was attended by Richard's sister Joan, whom he had brought from Sicily. The marriage was celebrated with great pomp and splendour, many feasts and entertainments, and public parades and celebrations followed commemorating the event. When Richard married Berengaria he was still officially betrothed to Alys, and he pushed for the match in order to obtain the Kingdom of Navarre as a fief, as Aquitaine had been for his father.


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1198.

Context: King Richard I.

Context: did he possess land ownership?

Context: who was his wife?

Context: Joan Neville.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: for which years did that king rule?

Context: From 1189 to 1199.

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Berengaria.

Question: which countries did he travel besides england?

Answer: The Kingdom of Sicily , and Cyprus.

Richard I of England [SEP] Occupation of Sicily

In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily in 1189 his cousin Tancred had seized power, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. Tancred had imprisoned William's widow, Queen Joan, who was Richard's sister and did not give her the money she had inherited in William's will. When Richard arrived he demanded that his sister be released and given her inheritance; she was freed on 28 September, but without the inheritance. The presence of foreign troops also caused unrest: in October, the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave.


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1198.

Context: King Richard I.

Context: did he possess land ownership?

Context: who was his wife?

Context: Joan Neville.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: for which years did that king rule?

Context: From 1189 to 1199.

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Berengaria.

Context: which countries did he travel besides england?

Context: The Kingdom of Sicily , and Cyprus.

Question: did he participate in any war?

Answer: Yes, the conquest of Cyprus.

Explanation: The local magnates abandoned Isaac, who considered making peace with Richard, joining him on the crusade, and offering his daughter in marriage to the person named by Richard. Isaac changed his mind, however, and tried to escape. Richard's troops, led by Guy de Lusignan, conquered the whole island by 1 June. Isaac surrendered and was confined with silver chains because Richard had promised that he would not place him in irons. Richard named Richard de Camville and Robert of Thornham as governors. He later sold the island to the master of Knights Templar, Robert de Sablé, and it was subsequently acquired, in 1192, by Guy of Lusignan and became a stable feudal kingdom.

Richard I of England [SEP] Conquest of Cyprus

In April 1191 Richard left Messina for Acre, but a storm dispersed his large fleet. After some searching, it was discovered that the ship carrying his sister Joan and his new fiancée, Berengaria of Navarre, was anchored on the south coast of Cyprus, along with the wrecks of several other vessels, including the treasure ship. Survivors of the wrecks had been taken prisoner by the island's ruler, Isaac Komnenos. On 1 May 1191 Richard's fleet arrived in the port of Lemesos on Cyprus. He ordered Isaac to release the prisoners and treasure. Isaac refused, so Richard landed his troops and took Limassol.


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1198.

Context: King Richard I.

Context: did he possess land ownership?

Context: who was his wife?

Context: Joan Neville.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: for which years did that king rule?

Context: From 1189 to 1199.

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Berengaria.

Context: The Kingdom of Sicily , and Cyprus.

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, the conquest of Cyprus.

Question: when did he die?

Answer: 6 April 1199.

Richard I of England [SEP] Death

He said Richard had killed his father and two brothers, and that he had killed Richard in revenge. He expected to be executed, but as a final act of mercy Richard forgave him, saying "Live on, and by my bounty behold the light of day", before he ordered the boy to be freed and sent away with 100 shillings. Richard died on 6 April 1199 in the arms of his mother, and thus "ended his earthly day." Because of the nature of Richard's death, it was later referred to as "the Lion by the Ant was slain". According to one chronicler, Richard's last act of chivalry proved fruitless when the infamous mercenary captain Mercadier had the boy flayed alive and hanged as soon as Richard died.


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1198.

Context: King Richard I.

Context: did he possess land ownership?

Context: who was his wife?

Context: Joan Neville.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: for which years did that king rule?

Context: From 1189 to 1199.

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Berengaria.

Context: The Kingdom of Sicily , and Cyprus.

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, the conquest of Cyprus.

Context: when did he die?

Context: 6 April 1199.

Question: who was his successor after his death?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Richard I of England [SEP] Death

In March 1199, Richard was in Limousin suppressing a revolt by Viscount Aimar V of Limoges. Although it was Lent, he "devastated the Viscount's land with fire and sword". He besieged the puny, virtually unarmed castle of Châlus-Chabrol. Some chroniclers claimed that this was because a local peasant had uncovered a treasure trove of Roman gold. On 26 March 1199, Richard was hit in the shoulder by a crossbow, and the wound turned gangrenous. Richard asked to have the crossbowman brought before him; called alternatively Pierre (or Peter) Basile, John Sabroz, Dudo, and Bertrand de Gourdon (from the town of Gourdon) by chroniclers, the man turned out (according to some sources, but not all) to be a boy.


Context: who is hugh de neville?

Context: Chief Forester of England.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1198.

Context: King Richard I.

Context: did he possess land ownership?

Context: who was his wife?

Context: Joan Neville.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: for which years did that king rule?

Context: From 1189 to 1199.

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Berengaria.

Context: The Kingdom of Sicily , and Cyprus.

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, the conquest of Cyprus.

Context: when did he die?

Context: 6 April 1199.

Context: who was his successor after his death?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what was the cause of that king's death in 1199?

Answer: A gangrenous wound from a crossbow.

Explanation:
On 26 March 1199, Richard was hit in the shoulder by a crossbow, and the wound turned gangrenous. Richard asked to have the crossbowman brought before him; called alternatively Pierre (or Peter) Basile, John Sabroz, Dudo, and Bertrand de Gourdon (from the town of Gourdon) by chroniclers, the man turned out (according to some sources, but not all) to be a boy. He said Richard had killed his father and two brothers, and that he had killed Richard in revenge. He expected to be executed, but as a final act of mercy Richard forgave him, saying "Live on, and by my bounty behold the light of day", before he ordered the boy to be freed and sent away with 100 shillings.
Richard died on 6 April 1199

Richard I of England [SEP] Death


Question: where is the smallest bone in the human body found

Answer: In the middle ear

Explanation: in the middle ea

Stapes [SEP] Introduction

The stapes or stirrup is a bone in the middle ear of humans and other mammals which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear. This stirrup-shaped bone is connected to the oval window by its annular ligament, which allows the footplate to transmit sound energy through the oval window into the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body, and is so-called because of its resemblance to a stirrup ().


Context: where is the smallest bone in the human body found

Context: In the middle ear

Question: what is it's structure?

Answer: It  is the third bone of the three ossicles in the middle ear. The stapes is a stirrup-shaped bone.

Stapes [SEP] Structure

The stapes is the third bone of the three ossicles in the middle ear. The stapes is a stirrup-shaped bone, and the smallest in the human body. It rests on the oval window, to which it is connected by an annular ligament. The stapes is described as having a base, resting on the oval window, as well as a head that articulates with the incus. These are connected by anterior and posterior limbs (). The stapes articulates with the incus through the incudostapedial joint. The stapes is the smallest bone in the human body, and measures roughly 3 x 2.5mm, greater along the head-base span.


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: It  is the third bone of the three ossicles in the middle ear. The stapes is a stirrup-shaped bone.

Question: what is it's role in the body?

Answer: It  transmits sound vibrations from the incus to the oval window

Stapes [SEP] Function

Situated between the incus and the inner ear, the stapes transmits sound vibrations from the incus to the oval window, a membrane-covered opening to the inner ear. The stapes is also stabilized by the stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the facial nerve.


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: what is it's role in the body?

Context: It  transmits sound vibrations from the incus to the oval window

Question: what other bones can be found in the ear?

Answer: malleus, incus

Explanation: malleus, incus,

Ossicles [SEP] Introduction

The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are three bones in either middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the human body. They serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea). The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term "ossicle" literally means "tiny bone". Though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body, it typically refers to the malleus, incus, and stapes (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) of the middle ear.


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: what is it's role in the body?

Context: what other bones can be found in the ear?

Context: malleus, incus

Question: can this part of the body get infected?

Answer: Yes, The ear may be affected by disease, including infection and traumatic damage. Diseases of the ear may lead to hearing loss, tinnitus and balance disorders

Ear [SEP] Introduction

The ears of vertebrates are placed somewhat symmetrically on either side of the head, an arrangement that aids sound localisation. The ear develops from the first pharyngeal pouch and six small swellings that develop in the early embryo called otic placodes, which are derived from ectoderm. The ear may be affected by disease, including infection and traumatic damage. Diseases of the ear may lead to hearing loss, tinnitus and balance disorders such as vertigo, although many of these conditions may also be affected by damage to the brain or neural pathways leading from the ear.


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: what is it's role in the body?

Context: malleus, incus

Context: can this part of the body get infected?

Context: Yes, The ear may be affected by disease, including infection and traumatic damage. Diseases of the ear may lead to hearing loss, tinnitus and balance disorders

Question: what is the second mentioned disease about?

Answer: Tinnitus is the perception of sound when no corresponding external sound is present. While often described as a ringing, it may also sound like a clicking, buzzing, hiss, or roaring.

Tinnitus [SEP] Introduction

Tinnitus is the perception of sound when no corresponding external sound is present. While often described as a ringing, it may also sound like a clicking, buzzing, hiss, or roaring. The sound may be soft or loud, low or high pitched, and often appears to be coming from one or both ears or from the head itself. In some people, the sound may interfere with concentration and in some cases it is associated with anxiety and depression. Tinnitus is usually associated with some degree of hearing loss and with decreased understanding in noise. It is common, affecting about 10–15% of people.


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: what is it's role in the body?

Context: malleus, incus

Context: can this part of the body get infected?

Context: what is the second mentioned disease about?

Context: Tinnitus is the perception of sound when no corresponding external sound is present. While often described as a ringing, it may also sound like a clicking, buzzing, hiss, or roaring.

Question: how can someone lose hearing?

Answer: Hearing loss may have many different causes, but among those with tinnitus, the major cause is cochlear injury.

Tinnitus [SEP] Hearing loss

The most common cause of tinnitus is hearing loss. Hearing loss may have many different causes, but among those with tinnitus, the major cause is cochlear injury. Ototoxic drugs also may cause subjective tinnitus, as they may cause hearing loss, or increase the damage done by exposure to loud noise. Those damages may occur even at doses that are not considered ototoxic. More than 260 medications have been reported to cause tinnitus as a side effect. In many cases, however, no underlying cause could be identified. Tinnitus can also occur due to the discontinuation of therapeutic doses of benzodiazepines. It can sometimes be a protracted symptom of benzodiazepine withdrawal and may persist for many months.


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: what is it's role in the body?

Context: malleus, incus

Context: can this part of the body get infected?

Context: how can someone lose hearing?

Context: Hearing loss may have many different causes, but among those with tinnitus, the major cause is cochlear injury.

Question: what part does the organ play in other animals?

Answer: In some animals with mobile pinnae (like the horse), each pinna can be aimed independently to better receive the sound. For these animals, the pinnae help localise the direction of the sound source.

Explanation: In some animals with mobile pinnae (like the horse), each pinna can be aimed independently to better receive the sound. For these animals, the pinnae help localise the direction of the sound source.

Ear [SEP] Other animals


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: what is it's role in the body?

Context: malleus, incus

Context: can this part of the body get infected?

Context: how can someone lose hearing?

Context: what part does the organ play in other animals?

Context: In some animals with mobile pinnae (like the horse), each pinna can be aimed independently to better receive the sound. For these animals, the pinnae help localise the direction of the sound source.

Question: how is the aforementioned disease diagnosed?

Answer: Typically an audiogram is done, and occasionally medical imaging or electronystagmography.

Tinnitus [SEP] Diagnosis

The diagnostic approach is based on a history of the condition and an examination of the head, neck, and neurological system. Typically an audiogram is done, and occasionally medical imaging or electronystagmography. Treatable conditions may include middle ear infection, acoustic neuroma, concussion, and otosclerosis. Evaluation of tinnitus can include a hearing test (audiogram), measurement of acoustic parameters of the tinnitus like pitch and loudness, and psychological assessment of comorbid conditions like depression, anxiety, and stress that are associated with severity of the tinnitus. One definition of tinnitus, as compared to normal ear noise experience, is lasting five minutes at least twice a week.


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: what is it's role in the body?

Context: malleus, incus

Context: can this part of the body get infected?

Context: how can someone lose hearing?

Context: how is the aforementioned disease diagnosed?

Context: Typically an audiogram is done, and occasionally medical imaging or electronystagmography.

Question: what symptoms does it show?

Answer: It often is described as a ringing noise, but in some people, it takes the form of a high-pitched whining, electric buzzing in ears.

Tinnitus [SEP] Signs and symptoms

Tinnitus may be perceived in various locations, more commonly in one or both ears or more central in the head. The noise can be described in many different ways but is reported as a noise inside a person's head or ear(s) in the absence of auditory stimulation. It often is described as a ringing noise, but in some people, it takes the form of a high-pitched whining, electric buzzing, hissing, humming, tinging, whistling, ticking, clicking, roaring, beeping, sizzling, a pure steady tone such as that heard during a hearing test, or sounds that slightly resemble human voices, tunes, songs, or animal sounds such as "crickets", "tree frogs", or "locusts (cicadas)".


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: what is it's role in the body?

Context: malleus, incus

Context: can this part of the body get infected?

Context: how can someone lose hearing?

Context: what symptoms does it show?

Context: It often is described as a ringing noise, but in some people, it takes the form of a high-pitched whining, electric buzzing in ears.

Question: what different types of it can be seen?

Answer: "subjective and objective tinnitus"

Explanation: "subjective and objective tinnitus".

Tinnitus [SEP] Types

A common tinnitus classification is into "subjective and objective tinnitus". Tinnitus is usually subjective, meaning that the sounds the person hears are not detectable by means currently available to physicians and hearing technicians. Subjective tinnitus has also been called "tinnitus aurium", "non-auditory" or "non-vibratory" tinnitus. In rare cases, tinnitus can be heard by someone else using a stethoscope. Even more rarely, in some cases it can be measured as a spontaneous otoacoustic emission (SOAE) in the ear canal. This is classified as objective tinnitus, also called "pseudo-tinnitus" or "vibratory" tinnitus.


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: what is it's role in the body?

Context: malleus, incus

Context: can this part of the body get infected?

Context: how can someone lose hearing?

Context: what symptoms does it show?

Context: what different types of it can be seen?

Context: "subjective and objective tinnitus"

Question: what does the former mean?

Answer: The sounds the person hears are not detectable by means currently available to physicians and hearing technicians. Subjective tinnitus has also been called "tinnitus aurium", "non-auditory" or "non-vibratory" tinnitus.

Explanation: the sounds the person hears are not detectable by means currently available to physicians and hearing technicians. Subjective tinnitus has also been called "tinnitus aurium", "non-auditory" or "non-vibratory" tinnitus.

Tinnitus [SEP] Types


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: what is it's role in the body?

Context: malleus, incus

Context: can this part of the body get infected?

Context: how can someone lose hearing?

Context: what symptoms does it show?

Context: what different types of it can be seen?

Context: "subjective and objective tinnitus"

Context: what does the former mean?

Context: The sounds the person hears are not detectable by means currently available to physicians and hearing technicians. Subjective tinnitus has also been called "tinnitus aurium", "non-auditory" or "non-vibratory" tinnitus.

Question: can it be prevented from happening?

Answer: Custom made ear plugs or other measures can help with prevention.

Tinnitus [SEP] Prevention

Prolonged exposure to loud sound or noise levels can lead to tinnitus. Custom made ear plugs or other measures can help with prevention. Employers may use hearing loss prevention programs to help educate and prevent dangerous levels of exposure to noise. Groups like NIOSH and OSHA help set regulations to ensure employees, if following the protocol, should have minimal risk to permanent damage to their hearing. Several medicines have ototoxic effects, and can have a cumulative effect that can increase the damage done by noise. If ototoxic medications must be administered, close attention by the physician to prescription details, such as dose and dosage interval, can reduce the damage done.


Context: In the middle ear

Context: what is it's structure?

Context: what is it's role in the body?

Context: malleus, incus

Context: can this part of the body get infected?

Context: how can someone lose hearing?

Context: what symptoms does it show?

Context: what different types of it can be seen?

Context: "subjective and objective tinnitus"

Context: what does the former mean?

Context: can it be prevented from happening?

Context: Custom made ear plugs or other measures can help with prevention.

Question: what is it caused by?

Answer: Prolonged exposure to loud sound or noise levels can lead to tinnitus.

Explanation: Prolonged exposure to loud sound or noise levels can lead to tinnitus.

Tinnitus [SEP] Prevention