Context: what is the origin of the word agriculture

Context: It is a late Middle English adaptation of Latin "agricultūra", from "ager", "field", and "cultūra", "cultivation" or "growing".

Question: what is agriculture?

Answer: It is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock.

Agriculture [SEP] Introduction

Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture in the twentieth century came to dominate agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence agriculture into the twenty-first.


Context: what is agriculture?

Context: It is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock.

Question: during which civilizations did this begin?

Answer: Ancient Egyptian and the Indus Valley Civilisation, to name a few.

Explanation: In Eurasia, the Sumerians started to live in villages from about 8,000 BC, relying on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and a canal system for irrigation. Ploughs appear in pictographs around 3,000 BC; seed-ploughs around 2,300 BC. Farmers grew wheat, barley, vegetables such as lentils and onions, and fruits including dates, grapes, and figs. Ancient Egyptian agriculture relied on the Nile River and its seasonal flooding. Farming started in the predynastic period at the end of the Paleolithic, after 10,000 BC. Staple food crops were grains such as wheat and barley, alongside industrial crops such as flax and papyrus. In India, wheat, barley and jujube were domesticated by 9,000 BC, soon followed by sheep and goats. Cattle, sheep and goats were domesticated in Mehrgarh culture by 8,000–6,000 BC. Cotton was cultivated by the 5th–4th millennium BC. Archeological evidence indicates an animal-drawn plough from 2,500 BC in the Indus Valley Civilisation.

Agriculture [SEP] Civilizations


Context: what is agriculture?

Context: during which civilizations did this begin?

Context: Ancient Egyptian and the Indus Valley Civilisation, to name a few.

Question: when was the first civilisation discovered?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Agriculture [SEP] Civilizations


Context: what is agriculture?

Context: when was the first civilisation discovered?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which cities come under this civilisation?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Agriculture [SEP] Civilizations


Context: what is agriculture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which cities come under this civilisation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: does the art of cultivating have any types?

Answer: Yes, 3 types - Pastoralism, shifting cultivation and subsistence farming.

Explanation:
Pastoralism involves managing domesticated animals. In nomadic pastoralism, herds of livestock are moved from place to place in search of pasture, fodder, and water. This type of farming is practised in arid and semi-arid regions of Sahara, Central Asia and some parts of India.

In shifting cultivation, a small area of forest is cleared by cutting and burning the trees. The cleared land is used for growing crops for a few years until the soil becomes too infertile, and the area is abandoned. Another patch of land is selected and the process is repeated. This type of farming is practiced mainly in areas with abundant rainfall where the forest regenerates quickly. This practice is used in Northeast India, Southeast Asia, and the Amazon Basin.

Subsistence farming is practiced to satisfy family or local needs alone, with little left over for transport elsewhere. It is intensively practiced in Monsoon Asia and South-East Asia. An estimated 2.5 billion subsistence farmers worked in 2018, cu

Agriculture [SEP] Types


Context: what is agriculture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does the art of cultivating have any types?

Context: Yes, 3 types - Pastoralism, shifting cultivation and subsistence farming.

Question: what is the first one about?

Answer: It involves managing domesticated animals.

Explanation: Pastoralism involves managing domesticated animals.

Agriculture [SEP] Types


Context: what is agriculture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: It involves managing domesticated animals.

Question: can you name some of its resources?

Answer: Animals and fish.

Explanation:
Pastoralism occurs in uncultivated areas. Wild animals eat the forage from the marginal lands and humans survive from milk, blood, and often meat of the herds and often trade by-products like wool and milk for money and food.

Pastoralists do not exist at basic subsistence. Pastoralists often compile wealth and participate in international trade. Pastoralists have trade relations with agriculturalists, horticulturalists, and other groups. Pastoralists are not extensively dependent on milk, blood, and meat of their herd. McCabe noted that when common property institutions are created, in long-lived communities, resource sustainability is much higher, which is evident in the East African grasslands of pastoralist populations. However, it needs to be noted that the property rights structure is only one of the many different parameters that affect the sustainability of resources, and common or private property per se, does not necessarily lead to sustainability.

Some pastoralists suppleme

Pastoralism [SEP] Resources


Context: what is agriculture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: can you name some of its resources?

Context: Animals and fish.

Question: is any safety needed when dealing with cultivation?

Answer: Yes, there is a risk of work-related injuries, lung disease, noise-induced hearing loss, skin diseases, as well as certain cancers related to chemical use and prolonged sun exposure.

Agriculture [SEP] Safety

Agriculture, specifically farming, remains a hazardous industry, and farmers worldwide remain at high risk of work-related injuries, lung disease, noise-induced hearing loss, skin diseases, as well as certain cancers related to chemical use and prolonged sun exposure. On industrialized farms, injuries frequently involve the use of agricultural machinery, and a common cause of fatal agricultural injuries in developed countries is tractor rollovers. Pesticides and other chemicals used in farming can also be hazardous to worker health, and workers exposed to pesticides may experience illness or have children with birth defects. As an industry in which families commonly share in work and live on the farm itself, entire families can be at risk for injuries, illness, and death.


Context: what is agriculture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: can you name some of its resources?

Context: Animals and fish.

Context: is any safety needed when dealing with cultivation?

Context: Yes, there is a risk of work-related injuries, lung disease, noise-induced hearing loss, skin diseases, as well as certain cancers related to chemical use and prolonged sun exposure.

Question: does the climate have any effect on cultivation?

Answer: Yes, climate change and agriculture are interrelated on a global scale.

Agriculture [SEP] Climate change

Climate change and agriculture are interrelated on a global scale. Global warming affects agriculture through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and weather extremes (like storms and heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level. Global warming is already affecting agriculture, with effects unevenly distributed across the world. Future climate change will probably negatively affect crop production in low latitude countries, while effects in northern latitudes may be positive or negative. Global warming will probably increase the risk of food insecurity for some vulnerable groups, such as the poor.


Context: what is agriculture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: can you name some of its resources?

Context: Animals and fish.

Context: does the climate have any effect on cultivation?

Context: Yes, climate change and agriculture are interrelated on a global scale.

Question: how much is the cost of cultivation?

Answer: There are multiple external costs such as pesticide damage to nature, nutrient runoff, excessive water usage, and loss of natural environment. The total external costs for 1996 of £2,343 million, or £208 per hectare.

Explanation: Agriculture imposes multiple external costs upon society through effects such as pesticide damage to nature (especially herbicides and insecticides), nutrient runoff, excessive water usage, and loss of natural environment. A 2000 assessment of agriculture in the UK determined total external costs for 1996 of £2,343 million, or £208 per hectare. A 2005 analysis of these costs in the US concluded that cropland imposes approximately $5 to $16 billion ($30 to $96 per hectare), while livestock production imposes $714 million. Both studies, which focused solely on the fiscal impacts, concluded that more should be done to internalize external costs. Neither included subsidies in their analysis, but they noted that subsidies also influence the cost of agriculture to society.

Agriculture [SEP] Effects and costs


Context: what is agriculture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: can you name some of its resources?

Context: Animals and fish.

Context: how much is the cost of cultivation?

Context: There are multiple external costs such as pesticide damage to nature, nutrient runoff, excessive water usage, and loss of natural environment. The total external costs for 1996 of £2,343 million, or £208 per hectare.

Question: can you name some of the pesticides that are used for cultivation?

Answer: Capture LFR and SmartChoice.

Explanation: Products such as Capture LFR (containing the pyrethroid bifenthrin) and SmartChoice (containing a pyrethroid and an organophosphate) have been increasingly used to complement Bt crops that farmers find alone to be unable to prevent insect-driven injury. Multiple studies have found the practice to be

Pesticide resistance [SEP] "B. thuringiensis"

During 2009 and 2010, some Iowa fields showed severe injury to corn producing Bt toxin Cry3Bb1 by western corn rootworm. During 2011, mCry3A corn also displayed insect damage, including cross-resistance between these toxins. Resistance persisted and spread in Iowa. Bt corn that targets western corn rootworm does not produce a high dose of Bt toxin, and displays less resistance than that seen in a high-dose Bt crop. Products such as Capture LFR (containing the pyrethroid bifenthrin) and SmartChoice (containing a pyrethroid and an organophosphate) have been increasingly used to complement Bt crops that farmers find alone to be unable to prevent insect-driven injury.


Question: who is the woman in the billie jean video

Answer: The lyrics describe a woman, Billie Jean, who claims that the narrator is the father of her newborn son, which he denies.

Billie Jean [SEP] Introduction

"Billie Jean" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson, released by Epic Records on January 2, 1983, as the second single from Jackson's sixth studio album, "Thriller" (1982). It was written and composed by Jackson and produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones. "Billie Jean" blends post-disco, rhythm and blues, funk and dance-pop. The lyrics describe a woman, Billie Jean, who claims that the narrator is the father of her newborn son, which he denies. Jackson said the lyrics were based on groupies' claims about his older brothers when he toured with them as the Jackson 5. "Billie Jean" reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100, topped the "Billboard" Hot Black Singles chart within three weeks, and became Jackson's fastest-rising number one single since "ABC", "The Love You Save" and "I'll Be There" in 1970, which he recorded as a member of the Jackson 5.


Context: who is the woman in the billie jean video

Context: The lyrics describe a woman, Billie Jean, who claims that the narrator is the father of her newborn son, which he denies.

Question: what is billie jean?

Answer: A song

Explanation: Billie Jean" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson

Billie Jean [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Question: which album did this song belong to?

Answer: Thriller

Explanation: Billie Jean" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson, released by Epic Records on January 2, 1983, as the second single from Jackson's sixth studio album, "Thriller" (1982).

Billie Jean [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Question: who was the singer of this song?

Answer: Michael Jackson

Billie Jean [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Context: who was the singer of this song?

Context: Michael Jackson

Question: when was the song released?

Answer: January 2, 1983

Explanation: Billie Jean" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson, released by Epic Records on January 2, 1983,

Billie Jean [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Context: who was the singer of this song?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: when was the song released?

Context: January 2, 1983

Question: and by whom?

Answer: Epic Records

Explanation: Billie Jean" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson, released by Epic Records on January 2, 1983

Billie Jean [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Context: who was the singer of this song?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: when was the song released?

Context: January 2, 1983

Context: and by whom?

Context: Epic Records

Question: when did it start?

Answer: 1953

Epic Records [SEP] Introduction

Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. The label was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953, but later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of genres, including pop, R&B, rock, and hip hop. Epic Records has released music by major artists including Bobby Vinton, Glenn Miller, Tammy Wynette, George Michael, The Yardbirds, Donovan, Shakin Stevens, Europe, Cheap Trick, The Clash, Meat Loaf, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Ted Nugent, Shakira, Sly & the Family Stone, The Hollies, Celine Dion, ABBA, Culture Club, Boston, Dead or Alive, The Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Rage Against the Machine, Ginuwine, Jennifer Lopez, and Michael Jackson.


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Context: who was the singer of this song?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: when was the song released?

Context: January 2, 1983

Context: and by whom?

Context: Epic Records

Context: when did it start?

Question: and by whom?

Answer: Sony Music Entertainment

Explanation: Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment

Epic Records [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Context: who was the singer of this song?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: when was the song released?

Context: January 2, 1983

Context: and by whom?

Context: Epic Records

Context: when did it start?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Sony Music Entertainment

Question: what genres did they begin with?

Answer: Jazz and classical music

Explanation: The label was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953,

Epic Records [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Context: who was the singer of this song?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: when was the song released?

Context: January 2, 1983

Context: and by whom?

Context: Epic Records

Context: when did it start?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Sony Music Entertainment

Context: what genres did they begin with?

Context: Jazz and classical music

Question: what does their logo look like?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Epic Records [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Context: who was the singer of this song?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: when was the song released?

Context: January 2, 1983

Context: and by whom?

Context: Epic Records

Context: when did it start?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Sony Music Entertainment

Context: what genres did they begin with?

Context: Jazz and classical music

Context: what does their logo look like?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who composed the song?

Answer: Jackson

Explanation: It was written and composed by Jackson and produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones.

Billie Jean [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Context: who was the singer of this song?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: when was the song released?

Context: January 2, 1983

Context: and by whom?

Context: Epic Records

Context: when did it start?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Sony Music Entertainment

Context: what genres did they begin with?

Context: Jazz and classical music

Context: what does their logo look like?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who composed the song?

Context: Jackson

Question: was this song used in any commercial advertisments?

Answer: Yes, for Pepsi

Billie Jean [SEP] Pepsi commercials

In 1984, Pepsi sponsored the Jacksons' Victory Tour. In return, Michael and his brothers were to star in two commercials for the company. Jackson had reworked "Billie Jean" for the commercial and titled it "Pepsi Generation". The song was used as the official jingle for the commercials and released as a 7" promo single. The launch of "The Choice of a New Generation" campaign in February 1984 was attended by 1,600 people who were issued with a programme and the 7" single. During the filming of the second commercial, a firework in the rear of the set was prematurely detonated, setting Jackson's hair ablaze.


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Context: who was the singer of this song?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: when was the song released?

Context: January 2, 1983

Context: and by whom?

Context: Epic Records

Context: when did it start?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Sony Music Entertainment

Context: what genres did they begin with?

Context: Jazz and classical music

Context: what does their logo look like?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who composed the song?

Context: Jackson

Context: was this song used in any commercial advertisments?

Context: Yes, for Pepsi

Question: did this song also have versions?

Answer: Yes, Bates covered it on their album "Pleasure + Pain".

Billie Jean [SEP] The Bates version

In 1995, German band the Bates covered "Billie Jean" on their album "Pleasure + Pain". The cover was also successful although intricacies of the original were not included in the cover. The music video parodies Alfred Hitchcock's "Psycho".


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Context: who was the singer of this song?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: when was the song released?

Context: January 2, 1983

Context: and by whom?

Context: Epic Records

Context: when did it start?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Sony Music Entertainment

Context: what genres did they begin with?

Context: Jazz and classical music

Context: what does their logo look like?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who composed the song?

Context: Jackson

Context: Yes, for Pepsi

Context: did this song also have versions?

Context: Yes, Bates covered it on their album "Pleasure + Pain".

Question: did the song also have any other notable covers?

Answer: Yes, it was recorded by Chris Cornell for his "Carry On" album

Billie Jean [SEP] Other notable covers

"Billie Jean" was recorded by American rock musician Chris Cornell for his "Carry On" album in 2007. Cornell said of his cover, "I didn't plan on it. It just sort of happened organically. I changed the music quite a bit, I didn't touch the lyrics." He added, "And it's not a joke. I took a completely different approach to it, musically." Cornell had previously performed the song live in Europe, including an acoustic set in Stockholm, Sweden in September 2006. He later said, "I was getting ready to do some acoustic shows on a promotional tour for "Revelations" and I just wanted to have fun with it." The cover received favorable reviews from critics.


Context: what is billie jean?

Context: A song

Context: which album did this song belong to?

Context: Thriller

Context: who was the singer of this song?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: when was the song released?

Context: January 2, 1983

Context: and by whom?

Context: Epic Records

Context: when did it start?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Sony Music Entertainment

Context: what genres did they begin with?

Context: Jazz and classical music

Context: what does their logo look like?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who composed the song?

Context: Jackson

Context: Yes, for Pepsi

Context: did this song also have versions?

Context: did the song also have any other notable covers?

Context: Yes, it was recorded by Chris Cornell for his "Carry On" album

Question: has this song received any awards?

Answer: No, nominated for Emmy Award.

Billie Jean [SEP] Introduction

Jackson's performance of "Billie Jean" on the TV special "" won acclaim and was nominated for an Emmy Award. It introduced a number of Jackson's signatures, including the moonwalk and white sequined glove, and was widely imitated. The "Billie Jean" music video, directed by Steve Barron, was the first video by a black artist to be aired in heavy rotation on MTV. Along with the other videos produced for "Thriller", it helped establish MTV's cultural importance and make music videos an integral part of popular music marketing. The spare, bass-driven arrangement of "Billie Jean" helped pioneer what one critic called "sleek, post-soul pop music".


Question: what does green colour signify in indian flag

Answer: Faith and chivalry

Flag of India [SEP] Symbolism

Gandhi first proposed a flag to the Indian National Congress in 1921. The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. In the centre was a traditional spinning wheel, symbolising Gandhi's goal of making Indians self-reliant by fabricating their own clothing, between a red stripe for Hindus and a green stripe for Muslims. The design was then modified to replace red with saffron and to include a white stripe in the centre for other religious communities, and provide a background for the spinning wheel. Subsequently, to avoid sectarian associations with the colour scheme, the three bands were assigned new meanings: courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, and faith and chivalry respectively.


Context: what does green colour signify in indian flag

Context: Faith and chivalry

Question: how many colors does it have in total ?

Answer: Four

Flag of India [SEP] Introduction

The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the ', a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term "tricolour" () almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the ' flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya.


Context: Faith and chivalry

Context: how many colors does it have in total ?

Context: Four

Question: who designed the flag ?

Answer: Pingali Venkayya

Explanation: The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya.

Flag of India [SEP] Symbolism


Context: Faith and chivalry

Context: how many colors does it have in total ?

Context: Four

Context: who designed the flag ?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Question: when was he born ?

Answer: 2 August 1876

Pingali Venkayya [SEP] Introduction

Pingali Venkayya (2 August 1876 – 4 July 1963) was an Indian freedom fighter and the designer of the flag on which the Indian national flag was based. He was born at Bhatlapenumarru, near Machilipatnam, in what is now the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Various so-called national flags had been used by members of the Indian independence movement prior to independence being achieved in 1947. Venkayya's version was first designed for the Indian National Congress and subsequently modified in 1947. According to "The Hindu", "Pingali Venkayya was an authority in geology, agriculture and also an educationist who set up an educational institution in Machilipatnam.


Context: Faith and chivalry

Context: how many colors does it have in total ?

Context: Four

Context: who designed the flag ?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Context: when was he born ?

Context: 2 August 1876

Question: when is the flag hosted ?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Flag of India [SEP] Protocol

Display and usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code of India, 2002 (successor to the Flag Code – India, the original flag code); the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950; and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971. Insults to the national flag, including gross affronts or indignities to it, as well as using it in a manner so as to violate the provisions of the Flag Code, are punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, or a fine, or both. Official regulation states that the flag must never touch the ground or water, or be used as a drapery in any form.


Context: Faith and chivalry

Context: how many colors does it have in total ?

Context: Four

Context: who designed the flag ?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Context: when was he born ?

Context: 2 August 1876

Context: when is the flag hosted ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is located at the center of the flag ?

Answer: A 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue called Ashoka Chakra

Explanation: The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the ', a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre.

Flag of India [SEP] Introduction


Context: Faith and chivalry

Context: how many colors does it have in total ?

Context: Four

Context: who designed the flag ?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Context: when was he born ?

Context: 2 August 1876

Context: when is the flag hosted ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is located at the center of the flag ?

Context: A 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue called Ashoka Chakra

Question: when was it included in the flag ?

Answer: A few days before India became independent on 15 August 1947,

Flag of India [SEP] Symbolism

A few days before India became independent on 15 August 1947, the specially constituted Constituent Assembly decided that the flag of India must be acceptable to all parties and communities. A modified version of the "Swaraj" flag was chosen; the tricolour remained the same saffron, white and green. However, the "charkha" was replaced by the Ashoka Chakra representing the eternal wheel of law. The philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who later became India's first Vice President and second President, clarified the adopted flag and described its significance as follows:


Context: Faith and chivalry

Context: how many colors does it have in total ?

Context: Four

Context: who designed the flag ?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Context: when was he born ?

Context: 2 August 1876

Context: when is the flag hosted ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it included in the flag ?

Context: A few days before India became independent on 15 August 1947,

Question: does it signify anything ?

Answer: Eternal wheel of law

Explanation: However, the "charkha" was replaced by the Ashoka Chakra representing the eternal wheel of law.

Flag of India [SEP] Symbolism


Question: who is paul kruger?

Answer: South African politician

Explanation: Stephanus Johannes Paulus "Paul" Kruger (; 10 October 1825 – 14 July 1904) was a South African politician.

Paul Kruger [SEP] Introduction

Kruger was appointed Vice-President in March 1877, shortly before the South African Republic was annexed by Britain as the Transvaal. Over the next three years he headed two deputations to London to try to have this overturned. He became the leading figure in the movement to restore the South African Republic's independence, culminating in the Boers' victory in the First Boer War of 1880–81. Kruger served until 1883 as a member of an executive triumvirate, then was elected President. In 1884 he headed a third deputation that brokered the London Convention, under which Britain recognised the South African Republic as a fully independent state.


Context:
who is paul kruger?
South African politician

Question: when was he born?

Answer: 10 October 1825

Paul Kruger [SEP] Family and childhood

Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger was born on 10 October 1825 at Bulhoek, a farm in the Steynsburg area of the Cape Colony, the third child and second son of Casper Jan Hendrik Kruger (1801–1852), a farmer, and his wife Elsje (Elisa; "née" Steyn; 1806–1834). The family was of Dutch-speaking Afrikaner or Boer background, of German, French Huguenot and Dutch stock. His paternal ancestors had been in South Africa since 1713, when Jacob Krüger, from Berlin, arrived in Cape Town as a 17-year-old soldier in the Dutch East India Company's service. Jacob's children dropped the umlaut from the family name, a common practice among South Africans of German origin.


Context:
who is paul kruger?
South African politician
when was he born?
10 October 1825

Question: where?

Answer: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Paul Kruger [SEP] Family and childhood


Context:
who is paul kruger?
South African politician
when was he born?
10 October 1825
where?
Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Question: was he married?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Paul Kruger [SEP] Family and childhood


Context:
who is paul kruger?
South African politician
when was he born?
10 October 1825
where?
Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.
was he married?
UNANSWERABLE

Question: did he participate in any war?

Answer: Yes, Second Boer War.

Paul Kruger [SEP] Introduction

Stephanus Johannes Paulus "Paul" Kruger (; 10 October 1825 – 14 July 1904) was a South African politician. He was one of the dominant political and military figures in 19th-century South Africa, and President of the South African Republic (or Transvaal) from 1883 to 1900. Nicknamed "Oom Paul" ("Uncle Paul"), he came to international prominence as the face of the Boer cause—that of the Transvaal and its neighbour the Orange Free State—against Britain during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902. He has been called a personification of Afrikanerdom, and remains a controversial and divisive figure; admirers venerate him as a tragic folk hero, and critics view him as the obstinate guardian of an unjust cause.


Context:
who is paul kruger?
South African politician
when was he born?
10 October 1825
where?
Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.
was he married?
UNANSWERABLE
did he participate in any war?
Yes, Second Boer War.

Question: who fought in this war?

Answer: South African Republic, Orange Free State, and the British Empire.

Second Boer War [SEP] Introduction

The Second Boer War (11 October 189931 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa. The trigger of the war was the discovery of diamonds and gold in the Boer states. The war is also known as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, or South African War. Initial Boer attacks were successful, and although British reinforcements later reversed these, the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare, until harsh British counter-measures including a scorched earth policy brought the Boers to terms.


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: South African Republic, Orange Free State, and the British Empire.

Question: do you know the reason for this war?

Answer: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Second Boer War [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Question: please tell me the origins of the empire that you just mentioned

Answer: When England and Scotland were separate kingdoms.

British Empire [SEP] Origins (1497–1583)

The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496, King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, but he made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland, and, mistakenly believing (like Christopher Columbus) that he had reached Asia, there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was ever heard of his ships again.


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Context: please tell me the origins of the empire that you just mentioned

Context: When England and Scotland were separate kingdoms.

Question: where is the name of the second place you just mentioned gotten from?

Answer: "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels.

Scotland [SEP] Etymology

"Scotland" comes from "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels. Philip Freeman has speculated on the likelihood of a group of raiders adopting a name from an Indo-European root, *"skot", citing the parallel in Greek "skotos" (σκότος), meaning "darkness, gloom". The Late Latin word "Scotia" ("land of the Gaels") was initially used to refer to Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, "Scotia" was being used to refer to (Gaelic-speaking) Scotland north of the River Forth, alongside "Albania" or "Albany", both derived from the Gaelic "Alba". The use of the words "Scots" and "Scotland" to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages.


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Context: where is the name of the second place you just mentioned gotten from?

Context: "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels.

Question: what is the weather here?

Answer: Mostly temperate and oceanic.

Scotland [SEP] Climate

The climate of most of Scotland is temperate and oceanic, and tends to be very changeable., As it is warmed by the Gulf Stream from the Atlantic, it has much milder winters (but cooler, wetter summers) than areas on similar latitudes, such as Labrador, southern Scandinavia, the Moscow region in Russia, and the Kamchatka Peninsula on the opposite side of Eurasia. However, temperatures are generally lower than in the rest of the UK, with the coldest ever UK temperature of recorded at Braemar in the Grampian Mountains, on 11 February 1895. Winter maxima average in the Lowlands, with summer maxima averaging .


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Context: "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels.

Context: what is the weather here?

Context: Mostly temperate and oceanic.

Question: what kind of food is found here?

Answer: Irn-Bru

Scotland [SEP] Cuisine

Scottish cuisine has distinctive attributes and recipes of its own but shares much with wider British and European cuisine as a result of local and foreign influences, both ancient and modern. Traditional Scottish dishes exist alongside international foodstuffs brought about by migration. Scotland's natural larder of game, dairy products, fish, fruit, and vegetables is the chief factor in traditional Scots cooking, with a high reliance on simplicity and a lack of spices from abroad, as these were historically rare and expensive. Irn-Bru is the most common Scottish carbonated soft drink, often described as "Scotland's other national drink" (after whisky). During the Late Middle Ages and early modern era, French cuisine played a role in Scottish cookery due to cultural exchanges brought about by the "Auld Alliance", especially during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots.


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Context: "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels.

Context: what is the weather here?

Context: Mostly temperate and oceanic.

Context: what kind of food is found here?

Context: Irn-Bru

Question: can you name any scottish musical instrument

Answer: Great Highland bagpipe

Scotland [SEP] Scottish music

Scottish music is a significant aspect of the nation's culture, with both traditional and modern influences. A famous traditional Scottish instrument is the Great Highland bagpipe, a wind instrument consisting of three drones and a melody pipe (called the chanter), which are fed continuously by a reservoir of air in a bag. Bagpipe bands, featuring bagpipes and various types of drums, and showcasing Scottish music styles while creating new ones, have spread throughout the world. The clàrsach (harp), fiddle and accordion are also traditional Scottish instruments, the latter two heavily featured in Scottish country dance bands. There are many successful Scottish bands and individual artists in varying styles including Annie Lennox, Amy Macdonald, Runrig, Belle and Sebastian, Boards of Canada, Camera Obscura, Cocteau Twins, Deacon Blue, Franz Ferdinand, Susan Boyle, Emeli Sandé, Texas, The View, The Fratellis, Twin Atlantic and Biffy Clyro.


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Context: "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels.

Context: what is the weather here?

Context: Mostly temperate and oceanic.

Context: what kind of food is found here?

Context: Irn-Bru

Context: can you name any scottish musical instrument

Context: Great Highland bagpipe

Question: what is their relation with the celts?

Answer: Scottish culture are represented at interceltic events at home and over the world.

Scotland [SEP] Celtic connections

As one of the Celtic nations, Scotland and Scottish culture are represented at interceltic events at home and over the world. Scotland hosts several music festivals including Celtic Connections (Glasgow), and the Hebridean Celtic Festival (Stornoway). Festivals celebrating Celtic culture, such as Festival Interceltique de Lorient (Brittany), the Pan Celtic Festival (Ireland), and the National Celtic Festival (Portarlington, Australia), feature elements of Scottish culture such as language, music and dance.


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Context: "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels.

Context: what is the weather here?

Context: Mostly temperate and oceanic.

Context: what kind of food is found here?

Context: Irn-Bru

Context: Great Highland bagpipe

Context: what is their relation with the celts?

Context: Scottish culture are represented at interceltic events at home and over the world.

Question: do the celts celebrate any famous festival?

Answer: Yes, Celtic Connections, Festival Interceltique de Lorient, etc.

Explanation: Scotland hosts several music festivals including Celtic Connections (Glasgow), and the Hebridean Celtic Festival (Stornoway). Festivals celebrating Celtic culture, such as Festival Interceltique de Lorient (Brittany), the Pan Celtic Festival (Ireland), and the National Celtic Festival (Portarlington, Australia), feature elements of Scottish culture such as language, music and dance.

Scotland [SEP] Celtic connections


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Context: "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels.

Context: what is the weather here?

Context: Mostly temperate and oceanic.

Context: what kind of food is found here?

Context: Irn-Bru

Context: Great Highland bagpipe

Context: what is their relation with the celts?

Context: do the celts celebrate any famous festival?

Context: Yes, Celtic Connections, Festival Interceltique de Lorient, etc.

Question: what programs are part of the last one?

Answer: Begins with the ' (fr) or "Kaoteriad" and on sunday the "Grand Parade of Celtic Nations" takes place.

Festival Interceltique de Lorient [SEP] Programme of events

The main festival sites are located throughout the city, with more formal events taking place at the "Palais des Congrès", "Grand Théâtre" or "Église Saint Louis". The larger events take place at the "Parc du Moustoir" (the home of Lorient Football Club which can hold up to spectators), the "Port de Pêche" or in grand marquees. The festival begins with the ' (fr) or "Kaoteriad" (br), a traditional Breton seafood supper, which takes place in the ' (fr) or "Porzh Pesketa" (br) harbour district accompanied by sea shanties and traditional Breton marine music. On Sunday morning the "Grand Parade of Celtic Nations" takes place with over musicians, singers, pipebands and dancers from all over the Celtic world parading through the city streets in national costume.


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Context: "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels.

Context: what is the weather here?

Context: Mostly temperate and oceanic.

Context: what kind of food is found here?

Context: Irn-Bru

Context: Great Highland bagpipe

Context: what is their relation with the celts?

Context: what programs are part of the last one?

Context: Begins with the ' (fr) or "Kaoteriad" and on sunday the "Grand Parade of Celtic Nations" takes place.

Question: which nations are part of the celts?

Answer: Brittany, Cornwall, Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the Isle of Man.

Celtic nations [SEP] Introduction

The Celtic nations is a cultural region and collection of geographical territories in Western Europe and the North Atlantic where Celtic languages and/or cultural traits have survived. The term "nation" is used in its original sense to mean a people who share a common identity and culture and are identified with a traditional territory. The six territories widely considered Celtic nations are Brittany ("Breizh"), Cornwall ("Kernow"), Wales ("Cymru"), Scotland ("Alba"), Ireland ("Éire") and the Isle of Man ("Mannin" or "Ellan Vannin"). In each of the six nations a Celtic language is spoken to some extent: Brittonic or Brythonic languages are spoken in Brittany, Cornwall, and Wales, while Goidelic or Gaelic languages are spoken in Scotland, Ireland, and the Isle of Man.


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Context: "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels.

Context: what is the weather here?

Context: Mostly temperate and oceanic.

Context: what kind of food is found here?

Context: Irn-Bru

Context: Great Highland bagpipe

Context: what is their relation with the celts?

Context: what programs are part of the last one?

Context: which nations are part of the celts?

Context: Brittany, Cornwall, Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the Isle of Man.

Question: what languages are spoken?

Answer: Goidelic languages and the Brittonic languages.

Celtic nations [SEP] Celtic languages

The Celtic languages form a branch of the greater Indo-European language family. SIL Ethnologue lists six living Celtic languages, of which four have retained a substantial number of native speakers. These are the Goidelic languages (i.e. Irish and Scottish Gaelic, which are both descended from Middle Irish) and the Brittonic languages (i.e. Welsh and Breton, which are both descended from Common Brittonic). The other two, Cornish (a Brittonic language) and Manx (a Goidelic language), died in modern times with their presumed last native speakers in 1777 and 1974 respectively. For both these languages, however, revitalisation movements have led to the adoption of these languages by adults and children and produced some native speakers.


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Context: "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels.

Context: what is the weather here?

Context: Mostly temperate and oceanic.

Context: what kind of food is found here?

Context: Irn-Bru

Context: Great Highland bagpipe

Context: what is their relation with the celts?

Context: what programs are part of the last one?

Context: which nations are part of the celts?

Context: what languages are spoken?

Context: Goidelic languages and the Brittonic languages.

Question: what symbols are used by the first place that you just mentioned.

Answer: The flag features eleven ermine spots and nine stripes, the black ones represent the Breton speaking historical dioceses, and the white ones symbolise the gallo speaking dioceses.

Brittany [SEP] Symbols

The modern flag of Brittany was designed in 1923. It is called "Gwenn ha Du" ("white and black" in Breton) and it features eleven ermine spots (their number may vary) and nine stripes, the black ones represent the Breton speaking historical dioceses, and the white ones symbolise the gallo speaking dioceses. The flag was created to replace the traditional ermine plain standard, considered too aristocratic and royalist. It was inspired by the American flag and the British Red Ensign. Since the 1920s, the flag has become very popular and it is flown from a large number of institutions. Apart from the ermine flag, Breton historic banners include the Kroaz Du, a white flag with a black cross, the perfect negative of the Cornish flag.


Context: who is paul kruger?

Context: South African politician

Context: when was he born?

Context: 10 October 1825

Context: where?

Context: Bulhoek farm, Cape Colony.

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Second Boer War.

Context: who fought in this war?

Context: do you know the reason for this war?

Context: The Empire's influence in South Africa.

Context: "Scoti", the Latin name for the Gaels.

Context: what is the weather here?

Context: Mostly temperate and oceanic.

Context: what kind of food is found here?

Context: Irn-Bru

Context: Great Highland bagpipe

Context: what is their relation with the celts?

Context: what programs are part of the last one?

Context: which nations are part of the celts?

Context: what languages are spoken?

Context: what symbols are used by the first place that you just mentioned.

Context: The flag features eleven ermine spots and nine stripes, the black ones represent the Breton speaking historical dioceses, and the white ones symbolise the gallo speaking dioceses.

Question: which trees grow here?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Brittany [SEP] Symbols


Question: what country does little mermaid take place in

Answer: America

The Little Mermaid (1989 film) [SEP] Introduction

The Little Mermaid is a 1989 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and Walt Disney Pictures. The 28th Disney animated feature film, it is loosely based on the 1837 Danish fairy tale of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen. The film tells the story of a mermaid Princess named Ariel, who dreams of becoming human and falls in love with a human prince named Eric, which leads her to make a magic deal with an evil sea witch to become human and be with him. Written and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, with music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman (who also served as co-producer alongside John Musker), and art direction by Michael Peraza Jr.


Context: what country does little mermaid take place in

Context: America

Question: who created this character?

Answer: Ron Clements

Ariel (The Little Mermaid) [SEP] Development

Ariel was based on the title character of Hans Christian Andersen's "The Little Mermaid", but co-director and writer Ron Clements felt that the mermaid in the original story was too tragic and rewrote the character, resulting in Ariel. Jodi Benson, who was predominantly a stage actress, was chosen to voice Ariel because the directors felt "it was really important to have the same person doing the singing and speaking voice". Clements stated that Benson's voice had a unique "sweetness" and "youthfulness". When recording the vocals for "Part of Your World", Benson asked that the lights in the studio be dimmed, to create the feeling of being deep under the sea.


Context: America

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ron Clements

Question: has any movie been made based on this character?

Answer: Yes, "The Little Mermaid" (1989)

Ariel (The Little Mermaid) [SEP] Introduction

Ariel is a fictional character and the title character of Walt Disney Pictures' 28th animated film "The Little Mermaid" (1989). She subsequently appears in the film's prequel television series (1992—1994), direct-to-video sequel "" (2000), and direct-to-video prequel "" (2008). Ariel is voiced by Jodi Benson in all official animated appearances and merchandise. She is fourth in the Disney Princess lineup, the first nonhuman princess, and the only princess to become a mother to her own child. Ariel is the seventh-born daughter of King Triton and Queen Athena of an underwater kingdom of merfolk called Atlantica. She is often rebellious, and in the first film, she longs to be a part of the human world.


Context: America

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ron Clements

Context: has any movie been made based on this character?

Context: Yes, "The Little Mermaid" (1989)

Question: what was the genre of this film?

Answer: American animated musical fantasy film


Context: America

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ron Clements

Context: Yes, "The Little Mermaid" (1989)

Context: what was the genre of this film?

Context: American animated musical fantasy film

Question: can you name a few other films belonging to the last sub-genre you just mentioned?

Answer: "The Chronicles of Narnia" series, "The Dark Is Rising", "Inkheart" are few among them

Fantasy film [SEP] Fantasy movies and the film industry

These pictures achieved phenomenal commercial and critical success, and the of the trilogy became the first fantasy film ever to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. The "Harry Potter" series has been a tremendous financial success, has achieved critical acclaim for its design, thematic sophistication and emotional depth, grittier realism and darkness, narrative complexity, and characterization, and boasts an enormous and loyal fanbase. Following the success of these ventures, Hollywood studios have greenlighted additional big-budget productions in the genre. These have included adaptations of the first, second, and third books in C. S. Lewis' "The Chronicles of Narnia" series and the teen novel "Eragon", as well as adaptations of Susan Cooper's "The Dark Is Rising", Cornelia Funke's "Inkheart", Philip Pullman's "The Golden Compass", Holly Black's "The Spiderwick Chronicles", Nickelodeon's TV show "", and the "Fantasia" segment (along with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's original poem) "The Sorcerer's Apprentice"


Context: America

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ron Clements

Context: Yes, "The Little Mermaid" (1989)

Context: what was the genre of this film?

Context: American animated musical fantasy film

Context: can you name a few other films belonging to the last sub-genre you just mentioned?

Context: "The Chronicles of Narnia" series, "The Dark Is Rising", "Inkheart" are few among them

Question: how many films are there in the first series you mentioned right now?

Answer: Three, fourth is on way

The Chronicles of Narnia (film series) [SEP] Introduction

The Chronicles of Narnia series of films is based on "The Chronicles of Narnia", a series of novels by C. S. Lewis. From the seven books, three were adapted —"" (2005), "" (2008) "and " (2010) - which grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide. The series revolves around the adventures of children in the world of Narnia, guided by Aslan, a wise and powerful lion that can speak and is the true king of Narnia. The children heavily featured in the films are the Pevensie siblings, and a prominent antagonist is the White Witch (also known as Queen Jadis). The first two films were directed by Andrew Adamson and the third film was directed by Michael Apted.


Context: America

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ron Clements

Context: Yes, "The Little Mermaid" (1989)

Context: what was the genre of this film?

Context: American animated musical fantasy film

Context: how many films are there in the first series you mentioned right now?

Context: Three, fourth is on way

Question: can you name some characters who feature in this series?

Answer: Aslan, Pevensie siblings, White Witch or Queen Jadis

Explanation: The series revolves around the adventures of children in the world of Narnia, guided by Aslan, a wise and powerful lion that can speak and is the true king of Narnia. The children heavily featured in the films are the Pevensie siblings, and a prominent antagonist is the White Witch (also known as Queen Jadis).


Context: America

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ron Clements

Context: Yes, "The Little Mermaid" (1989)

Context: what was the genre of this film?

Context: American animated musical fantasy film

Context: Three, fourth is on way

Context: can you name some characters who feature in this series?

Context: Aslan, Pevensie siblings, White Witch or Queen Jadis

Question: who’s the first character?

Answer: A wise and powerful lion that can speak and is the true king of Narnia

Explanation: The series revolves around the adventures of children in the world of Narnia, guided by Aslan, a wise and powerful lion that can speak and is the true king of Narnia.


Context: America

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ron Clements

Context: Yes, "The Little Mermaid" (1989)

Context: what was the genre of this film?

Context: American animated musical fantasy film

Context: Three, fourth is on way

Context: who’s the first character?

Context: A wise and powerful lion that can speak and is the true king of Narnia

Question: does the representation of this character have any religious connotations?

Answer: Yes, parallels exist with Christ

Aslan [SEP] Christian interpretation

Although Aslan can be read as an original character, parallels exist with Christ. According to the author, Aslan is not an allegorical portrayal of Christ, but rather a suppositional incarnation of Christ Himself: In one of his last letters, Lewis wrote, "Since Narnia is a world of Talking Beasts, I thought He [Christ] would become a Talking Beast there, as He became a man here. I pictured Him becoming a lion there because (a) the lion is supposed to be the king of beasts; (b) Christ is called "The Lion of Judah" in the Bible; (c) I'd been having strange dreams about lions when I began writing the work." The similarity between the death and resurrection of Aslan and the death and resurrection of Jesus has been noted; one author has noted that like Jesus, Aslan was ridiculed before his death, mourned, and then discovered to be absent from the place where his body had been laid.


Context: America

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ron Clements

Context: Yes, "The Little Mermaid" (1989)

Context: what was the genre of this film?

Context: American animated musical fantasy film

Context: Three, fourth is on way

Context: who’s the first character?

Context: does the representation of this character have any religious connotations?

Context: Yes, parallels exist with Christ

Question: in what way?

Answer: According to the author, Aslan is not an allegorical portrayal of Christ, but rather a suppositional incarnation of Christ Himself

Explanation: According to the author, Aslan is not an allegorical portrayal of Christ, but rather a suppositional incarnation of Christ Himself:

Aslan [SEP] Christian interpretation


Context: America

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ron Clements

Context: Yes, "The Little Mermaid" (1989)

Context: what was the genre of this film?

Context: American animated musical fantasy film

Context: Three, fourth is on way

Context: who’s the first character?

Context: Yes, parallels exist with Christ

Context: in what way?

Context: According to the author, Aslan is not an allegorical portrayal of Christ, but rather a suppositional incarnation of Christ Himself

Question: who voiced him in the aforementioned movie series?

Answer: Liam Neeson

Aslan [SEP] Adaptations

In the 1967 TV serial, Aslan was portrayed by Bernard Kay. In the BBC television adaptations of The Chronicles of Narnia Aslan was portrayed by Ailsa Berk and voiced by Ronald Pickup. In the 2005 film, "", the CGI Aslan is voiced by Liam Neeson. Neeson returned to voice the character in the sequel, "" in 2008, and the third film in the series, "" in 2010.


Context: America

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ron Clements

Context: Yes, "The Little Mermaid" (1989)

Context: what was the genre of this film?

Context: American animated musical fantasy film

Context: Three, fourth is on way

Context: who’s the first character?

Context: Yes, parallels exist with Christ

Context: in what way?

Context: who voiced him in the aforementioned movie series?

Context: Liam Neeson

Question: where’s he from?

Answer: Ballymena, Ireland

Liam Neeson [SEP] Early life

Liam John Neeson was born in Ballymena on 7 June 1952, the son of Katherine "Kitty" Neeson (née Brown), a cook, and Bernard "Barney" Neeson, a caretaker at the Ballymena Boys All Saints Primary School. Raised Roman Catholic, he was named Liam after the local priest. The third of four siblings, he has three sisters: Elizabeth, Bernadette, and Rosaleen. Neeson said growing up as a Catholic in a predominantly Protestant town made him cautious, and once said he felt like a "second-class" citizen there, but has also said he was never made to feel "inferior or even different" at the town's predominantly Protestant technical college.


Question: when is an ai developed for a vitamin or mineral

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Vitamin K [SEP] Introduction

Vitamin K refers to structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation (K from "koagulation", Danish for "coagulation") or for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. The complete synthesis involves final modification of these so-called "Gla proteins" by the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase that uses vitamin K as a cofactor. The presence of uncarboxylated proteins indicates a vitamin K deficiency. Carboxylation allows them to bind (chelate) calcium ions, which they cannot do otherwise. Without vitamin K, blood coagulation is seriously impaired, and uncontrolled bleeding occurs.


Context: when is an ai developed for a vitamin or mineral

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how can we define the vitamin?

Answer: "Vitamin K" refers to several forms of this vitamin, i.e., an essential nutrient absorbed from food, a product synthesized and marketed as part of a multi-vitamin or as a single-vitamin dietary supplement, and a prescription medication for specific purposes

Vitamin K [SEP] Definition

"Vitamin K" refers to several forms of this vitamin, i.e., an essential nutrient absorbed from food, a product synthesized and marketed as part of a multi-vitamin or as a single-vitamin dietary supplement, and a prescription medication for specific purposes. All K vitamins are similar in structure: they share a "quinone" ring, but differ in the length and degree of saturation of the carbon tail and the number of repeating isoprene units in the "side chain" (figure). The chain length influences lipid solubility and thus transport to different target tissues. Food-sourced forms are primarily vitamin K, found chiefly in leafy green vegetables such as spinach, swiss chard, lettuce, and "Brassica" vegetables such as kale, cauliflower, broccoli and Brussels sprouts.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can we define the vitamin?

Context: "Vitamin K" refers to several forms of this vitamin, i.e., an essential nutrient absorbed from food, a product synthesized and marketed as part of a multi-vitamin or as a single-vitamin dietary supplement, and a prescription medication for specific purposes

Question: what happens when it is deficient?

Answer: Liver damage or disease (e.g. alcoholics), cystic fibrosis, or inflammatory bowel diseases

Vitamin K [SEP] Vitamin deficiency

Average diets are usually not lacking in vitamin K, and primary deficiency is uncommon in healthy adults. However, infants are at an increased risk of deficiency regardless of the vitamin status of the mother during pregnancy because of poor transfer of the vitamin to the placenta. Other populations with an increased prevalence of vitamin K deficiency include those who suffer from liver damage or disease (e.g. alcoholics), cystic fibrosis, or inflammatory bowel diseases, or have recently had abdominal surgeries. Secondary vitamin K deficiency can occur in people with bulimia, those on stringent diets, and those taking anticoagulants. Other drugs associated with vitamin K deficiency include salicylates, barbiturates, and cefamandole, although the mechanisms are still unknown.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can we define the vitamin?

Context: what happens when it is deficient?

Context: Liver damage or disease (e.g. alcoholics), cystic fibrosis, or inflammatory bowel diseases

Question: what are the symptoms of the second disease?

Answer: The main signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis are salty-tasting skin, poor growth and poor weight gain despite normal food intake, accumulation of thick, sticky mucus, frequent chest infections, and coughing or shortness of breath

Cystic fibrosis [SEP] Signs and symptoms

The main signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis are salty-tasting skin, poor growth and poor weight gain despite normal food intake, accumulation of thick, sticky mucus, frequent chest infections, and coughing or shortness of breath. Males can be infertile due to congenital absence of the vas deferens. Symptoms often appear in infancy and childhood, such as bowel obstruction due to meconium ileus in newborn babies. As the children grow, they exercise to release mucus in the alveoli. Epithelial cells in the person have a mutated protein that leads to abnormally viscous mucus production. The poor growth in children typically presents as an inability to gain weight or height at the same rate as their peers, and is occasionally not diagnosed until investigation is initiated for poor growth.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can we define the vitamin?

Context: what happens when it is deficient?

Context: what are the symptoms of the second disease?

Context: The main signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis are salty-tasting skin, poor growth and poor weight gain despite normal food intake, accumulation of thick, sticky mucus, frequent chest infections, and coughing or shortness of breath

Question: does this disease cause any reproductive disturbances?

Answer: Yes, At least 97% of men with cystic fibrosis are infertile, but not sterile, and can have children with assisted reproductive techniques.

Cystic fibrosis [SEP] Infertility

Infertility affects both men and women. At least 97% of men with cystic fibrosis are infertile, but not sterile, and can have children with assisted reproductive techniques. The main cause of infertility in men with CF is congenital absence of the vas deferens (which normally connects the testes to the ejaculatory ducts of the penis), but potentially also by other mechanisms such as causing no sperm, abnormally shaped sperm, and few sperm with poor motility. Many men found to have congenital absence of the vas deferens during evaluation for infertility have a mild, previously undiagnosed form of CF. Around 20% of women with CF have fertility difficulties due to thickened cervical mucus or malnutrition.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can we define the vitamin?

Context: what happens when it is deficient?

Context: does this disease cause any reproductive disturbances?

Context: Yes, At least 97% of men with cystic fibrosis are infertile, but not sterile, and can have children with assisted reproductive techniques.

Question: what are the medicine that can assist in this situation?

Answer: Ivacaftor

Cystic fibrosis [SEP] Other medication

Pneumococcal vaccination has not been studied . , there is no clear evidence from randomized controlled trials that the influenza vaccine is beneficial for people with cystic fibrosis. Ivacaftor is a medication taken by mouth for the treatment of CF due to a number of specific mutations responsive to ivacaftor-induced CFTR protein enhancement. It improves lung function by about 10%; however, it is expensive. The first year it was on the market, the list price was over $300,000 per year in the United States. In July 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved lumacaftor/ivacaftor. In 2018, the FDA approved the combination ivacaftor/tezacaftor; the manufacturer announced a list price of $292,000 per year.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can we define the vitamin?

Context: what happens when it is deficient?

Context: what are the medicine that can assist in this situation?

Context: Ivacaftor

Question: does this disease require any kind of surgery?

Answer: Yes, Lung transplantation may become necessary for individuals with CF as lung function and exercise tolerance decline

Cystic fibrosis [SEP] Transplantation

Lung transplantation may become necessary for individuals with CF as lung function and exercise tolerance decline. Although single lung transplantation is possible in other diseases, individuals with CF must have both lungs replaced because the remaining lung might contain bacteria that could infect the transplanted lung. A pancreatic or liver transplant may be performed at the same time to alleviate liver disease and/or diabetes. Lung transplantation is considered when lung function declines to the point where assistance from mechanical devices is required or someone's survival is threatened. According to Merck Manual, "bilateral lung transplantation for severe lung disease is becoming more routine and more successful with experience and improved techniques.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can we define the vitamin?

Context: what happens when it is deficient?

Context: Ivacaftor

Context: does this disease require any kind of surgery?

Context: Yes, Lung transplantation may become necessary for individuals with CF as lung function and exercise tolerance decline

Question: can the supplement in discussion made available through food?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Cystic fibrosis [SEP] Transplantation


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can we define the vitamin?

Context: what happens when it is deficient?

Context: Ivacaftor

Context: can the supplement in discussion made available through food?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the role of the supplement mentioned earlier, in animals?

Answer: The function of vitamin K in the animal cell is to add a carboxylic acid functional group to a glutamate (Glu) amino acid residue in a protein, to form a gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residue.

Vitamin K [SEP] Function in animals

The function of vitamin K in the animal cell is to add a carboxylic acid functional group to a glutamate (Glu) amino acid residue in a protein, to form a gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residue. This is a somewhat uncommon posttranslational modification of the protein, which is then known as a "Gla protein". The presence of two −COOH (carboxylic acid) groups on the same carbon in the gamma-carboxyglutamate residue allows it to chelate calcium ions. The binding of calcium ions in this way very often triggers the function or binding of Gla-protein enzymes, such as the so-called vitamin K–dependent clotting factors discussed below.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can we define the vitamin?

Context: what happens when it is deficient?

Context: Ivacaftor

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the role of the supplement mentioned earlier, in animals?

Context: The function of vitamin K in the animal cell is to add a carboxylic acid functional group to a glutamate (Glu) amino acid residue in a protein, to form a gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residue.

Question: what are the ill effects of the supplement?

Answer: Vitamin K has been associated with severe adverse reactions such as bronchospasm and cardiac arrest when given intravenously.

Vitamin K [SEP] Side effects

No known toxicity is associated with high oral doses of the vitamin K or (vitamin K) forms of vitamin K, so regulatory agencies from US, Japan and European Union concur that no tolerable upper intake levels needs to be set. However, vitamin K has been associated with severe adverse reactions such as bronchospasm and cardiac arrest when given intravenously. The reaction is described as a nonimmune-mediated anaphylactoid reaction, with incidence of 3 per 10,000 treatments. The majority of reactions occurred when polyoxyethylated castor oil was used as the solubilizing agent.


Question: where is the equestrian statue of edward horner located?

Answer: Inside St Andrew's Church in the village of Mells in Somerset, south-western England.

Equestrian statue of Edward Horner [SEP] Introduction

The equestrian statue of Edward Horner stands inside St Andrew's Church in the village of Mells in Somerset, south-western England. It was designed by the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens, as a memorial to Edward Horner, who died of wounds in the First World War. The sculpture was executed by Alfred Munnings. Edward Horner was the only surviving son and heir of Sir John and Lady Frances Horner of Mells Manor and a member of an extended upper-class social group known as the Coterie, many of whom were killed in the war; the group included his fiancée and his future brother-in-law.


Context: where is the equestrian statue of edward horner located?

Context: Inside St Andrew's Church in the village of Mells in Somerset, south-western England.

Question: who designed it?

Answer: Sir Edwin Lutyens

Explanation: It was designed by the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens, as a memorial to Edward Horner, who died of wounds in the First World War.


Context: who designed it?

Context: Sir Edwin Lutyens

Question: when was this?

Answer: 1919

Equestrian statue of Edward Horner [SEP] Commissioning

Alfred Munnings was a painter specialising in horses. He volunteered for military service at the outbreak of war but was deemed unfit due to lack of sight in one eye. He volunteered to tend to army horses and was later recruited as a civilian war artist attached to Canadian cavalry. In 1919, he was beginning to move into sculpture. The Horner memorial was his first public work of sculpture, for which Lutyens commissioned him based on a pre-existing friendship. The work led to several further commissions for equine statues, including from the Jockey Club for a sculpture of the racehorse Brown Jack at Epsom Downs Racecourse.


Context: who designed it?

Context: Sir Edwin Lutyens

Context: when was this?

Question: can you please describe the statue

Answer: It is made from bronze and features Edward Horner as a young cavalry officer, bare-headed and seated on horseback with his sword and helmet attached to the saddle.

Equestrian statue of Edward Horner [SEP] Design and history

The memorial stands inside St Andrew's Church in Mells. The Horner family had a long association with the church, which shares a wall with the manor house. The family has its own chapel (formerly the Lady Chapel) in the church which contains the tombs of several family members. At the end of the nineteenth century, the Horners funded extensive restoration work to the building. The memorial is a bronze equestrian statue, sculpted by Munnings, featuring Edward Horner as a young cavalry officer, bare-headed and seated on horseback with his sword and helmet attached to the saddle. The statue originally faced a stained-glass window featuring a Madonna and Child, creating the image of Horner riding towards the light.


Context: who designed it?

Context: Sir Edwin Lutyens

Context: when was this?

Context: can you please describe the statue

Context: It is made from bronze and features Edward Horner as a young cavalry officer, bare-headed and seated on horseback with his sword and helmet attached to the saddle.

Question: what other things has this designer designed?

Answer: Tigbourne Court, Deanery Garden, Hyderabad House

Explanation:
 Important works of this period include Munstead Wood, Tigbourne Court, Orchards and Goddards in Surrey, Deanery Garden and Folly Farm in Berkshire, Overstrand Hall in Norfolk and Le Bois des Moutiers in France.

After about 1900 this style gave way to a more conventional Classicism, a change of direction which had a profound influence on wider British architectural practice. His commissions were of a varied nature from private houses to two churches for the new Hampstead Garden Suburb in London to Julius Drewe's Castle Drogo near Drewsteignton in Devon and on to his contributions to India's new imperial capital, New Delhi, (where he worked as chief architect with Herbert Baker and others). Here he added elements of local architectural styles to his classicism, and based his urbanisation scheme on Mughal water gardens. He also designed the Hyderabad House for the last Nizam of Hyderabad, as his Delhi palace.

Edwin Lutyens [SEP] Works

The bulk of Lutyens' early work consisted of private houses in an Arts and Crafts style, strongly influenced by Tudor architecture and the vernacular styles of south-east England. This was the most innovative phase of his career. Important works of this period include Munstead Wood, Tigbourne Court, Orchards and Goddards in Surrey, Deanery Garden and Folly Farm in Berkshire, Overstrand Hall in Norfolk and Le Bois des Moutiers in France. After about 1900 this style gave way to a more conventional Classicism, a change of direction which had a profound influence on wider British architectural practice. His commissions were of a varied nature from private houses to two churches for the new Hampstead Garden Suburb in London to Julius Drewe's Castle Drogo near Drewsteignton in Devon and on to his contributions to India's new imperial capital, New Delhi, (where he worked as chief architect with Herbert Baker and others).


Context: who designed it?

Context: Sir Edwin Lutyens

Context: when was this?

Context: can you please describe the statue

Context: what other things has this designer designed?

Context: Tigbourne Court, Deanery Garden, Hyderabad House

Question: did he travel anywhere in the world?

Answer: Yes - India, Ireland, Spain

Edwin Lutyens [SEP] New Delhi

Largely designed by Lutyens over 20 or so years (1912 to 1930), New Delhi, situated within the metropolis of Delhi, popularly known as 'Lutyens' Delhi', was chosen to replace Calcutta as the seat of the British Indian government in 1912; the project was completed in 1929 and officially inaugurated in 1931. In undertaking this project, Lutyens invented his own new order of classical architecture, which has become known as the Delhi Order and was used by him for several designs in England, such as Campion Hall, Oxford. Unlike the more traditional British architects who came before him, he was both inspired by and incorporated various features from the local and traditional Indian architecture—something most clearly seen in the great drum-mounted Buddhist dome of Viceroy's House, now Rashtrapati Bhavan.


Context: who designed it?

Context: Sir Edwin Lutyens

Context: when was this?

Context: can you please describe the statue

Context: did he travel anywhere in the world?

Context: Yes - India, Ireland, Spain

Question: who did he marry?

Answer: Emily Bulwer-Lytton

Edwin Lutyens [SEP] Marriage and later life

Lutyens married Lady Emily Bulwer-Lytton (1874–1964) on 4 August 1897 at Knebworth, Hertfordshire. She was third daughter of Edith (née Villiers) and the 1st Earl of Lytton, a former Viceroy of India. Lady Emily had proposed to Lutyens two years before the wedding, and her parents disapproved of the marriage. They had five children, but their marriage was largely unsatisfactory, practically from the start, with Lady Emily developing interests in theosophy, Eastern religions, and both emotionally and philosophically with Jiddu Krishnamurti.


Context: who designed it?

Context: Sir Edwin Lutyens

Context: when was this?

Context: can you please describe the statue

Context: did he travel anywhere in the world?

Context: Yes - India, Ireland, Spain

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Emily Bulwer-Lytton

Question: did they have kids?

Answer: Yes - five children

Explanation: They had five children, but their marriage was largely unsatisfactory, practically from the start, with Lady Emily developing interests in theosophy, Eastern religions, and both emotionally and philosophically with Jiddu Krishnamurti.


Context: who designed it?

Context: Sir Edwin Lutyens

Context: when was this?

Context: can you please describe the statue

Context: did he travel anywhere in the world?

Context: Yes - India, Ireland, Spain

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Emily Bulwer-Lytton

Context: did they have kids?

Context: Yes - five children

Question: do you know their names?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who designed it?

Context: Sir Edwin Lutyens

Context: when was this?

Context: can you please describe the statue

Context: did he travel anywhere in the world?

Context: Yes - India, Ireland, Spain

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Emily Bulwer-Lytton

Context: did they have kids?

Context: Yes - five children

Context: do you know their names?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: you mentioned the above designer had designed a court, where is it located?

Answer: Wormley, Surrey, England

Tigbourne Court [SEP] Introduction

Tigbourne Court is an Arts and Crafts style country house in Wormley, Surrey, England, south of Witley. It was designed by architect Edwin Lutyens, using a mixture of 17th-century style vernacular architecture and classical elements, and has been called "probably his best" building, for its architectural geometry, wit and texture. It was completed in 1901. English Heritage have designated it a Grade I listed building.


Context: who designed it?

Context: Sir Edwin Lutyens

Context: when was this?

Context: can you please describe the statue

Context: did he travel anywhere in the world?

Context: Yes - India, Ireland, Spain

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Emily Bulwer-Lytton

Context: did they have kids?

Context: Yes - five children

Context: do you know their names?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: you mentioned the above designer had designed a court, where is it located?

Context: Wormley, Surrey, England

Question: do they hear legal cases here?

Answer: No

Tigbourne Court [SEP] House

Lutyens was commissioned in 1899 by businessman Edgar Horne, who later became the chairman of the Prudential Assurance Company and Member of Parliament for Guildford. Gerald Balfour, the future Earl of Balfour, viewed the house as it was being built, was impressed, and commissioned Fisher's Hill House, Woking from Lutyens in 1900. By 1901, however, faults in the building work at Tigbourne Court had created an "awful mess", with Horne "very cross", in Lutyens's words. In that year Lutyens ended his partnership with E. Baynes Badcock, whom he blamed for the construction problems at Tigbourne Court and elsewhere. The entrance front has a three-storey range of three gables, featuring narrow windows with pediments and brick mullions.


Question: where is the humpback whale found?

Answer: oceans and seas

Explanation: oceans and seas around the world

Humpback whale [SEP] Introduction

Found in oceans and seas around the world, humpback whales typically migrate up to each year. They feed in polar waters, and migrate to tropical or subtropical waters to breed and give birth, fasting and living off their fat reserves. Their diet consists mostly of krill and small fish. Humpbacks have a diverse repertoire of feeding methods, including the bubble net technique. Like other large whales, the humpback was a target for the whaling industry. The species was once hunted to the brink of extinction; its population fell by an estimated 90% before a 1966 moratorium. While stocks have partially recovered to some 80,000 animals worldwide, entanglement in fishing gear, collisions with ships and noise pollution continue to affect the species.


Context:
where is the humpback whale found?
oceans and seas

Question: did any scientist study their behavior?

Answer: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Explanation: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Humpback whale [SEP] Taxonomy

The humpback was first identified as "baleine de la Nouvelle Angleterre" by Mathurin Jacques Brisson in his "Regnum Animale" of 1756. In 1781, Georg Heinrich Borowski described the species, converting Brisson's name to its Latin equivalent, "Balaena novaeangliae". In 1804, Lacépède shifted the humpback from the family Balaenidae, renaming it "B. jubartes". In 1846, John Edward Gray created the genus "Megaptera", classifying the humpback as "Megaptera longipinna", but in 1932, Remington Kellogg reverted the species names to use Borowski's "novaeangliae". The common name is derived from the curving of their backs when diving. The generic name "Megaptera" from the Ancient Greek "mega-" ("giant") and "ptera"/ ("wing"), refers to their large front flippers.


Context:
where is the humpback whale found?
oceans and seas
did any scientist study their behavior?
Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Question: are any efforts being made to conserve this species?

Answer: Yes, the NOAA is committed to protecting and recovering the humpback whale.

Humpback whale [SEP] Conservation

The worldwide population is at least 80,000, with 18,000–20,000 in the North Pacific, about 12,000 in the North Atlantic and over 50,000 in the Southern Hemisphere, down from a prewhaling population of 125,000. The NOAA is committed to protecting and recovering the humpback whale. NOAA enacted vessel speed restrictions which serve to protect the endangered North Atlantic right whale and many other species of whales. They respond to dead, injured, or entangled whales. They also educate whale watchers, tourists, and vessel operators on responsible viewing of the humpback whales. NOAA works to develop methods to reduce vessel strikes and reduce risk of entanglement in fishing gear.


Context: where is the humpback whale found?

Context: oceans and seas

Context: did any scientist study their behavior?

Context: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Context: are any efforts being made to conserve this species?

Context: Yes, the NOAA is committed to protecting and recovering the humpback whale.

Question: what does this species feed on mostly?

Answer: krill and small fish

Explanation: krill and small fish

Humpback whale [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is the humpback whale found?

Context: oceans and seas

Context: did any scientist study their behavior?

Context: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Context: what does this species feed on mostly?

Context: krill and small fish

Question: how much of the former is eaten by humans?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Humpback whale [SEP] Introduction

The humpback whale ("Megaptera novaeangliae") is a species of baleen whale. It is one of the larger rorqual species, with adults ranging in length from and weighing around . The humpback has a distinctive body shape, with long pectoral fins and a knobbly head. It is known for breaching and other distinctive surface behaviors, making it popular with whale watchers. Males produce a complex song lasting 10 to 20 minutes, which they repeat for hours at a time. All the males in a group will produce the same song, which is different each season. Its purpose is not clear, though it may help induce estrus in females.


Context: where is the humpback whale found?

Context: oceans and seas

Context: did any scientist study their behavior?

Context: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Context: what does this species feed on mostly?

Context: krill and small fish

Context: how much of the former is eaten by humans?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is the first species affected by any type of pollution?

Answer: Yes, noise pollution

Explanation: noise pollution

Humpback whale [SEP] Threats

While whaling no longer threatens the species, individuals are vulnerable to collisions with ships, entanglement in fishing gear and noise pollution. Like other cetaceans, humpbacks can be injured by excessive noise. In the 19th century, two humpback whales were found dead near sites of repeated oceanic sub-bottom blasting, with traumatic injuries and fractures in the ears. Saxitoxin, a paralytic shellfish poisoning from contaminated mackerel, has been implicated in humpback whale deaths. Whale researchers along the Atlantic Coast report that there have been more stranded whales with signs of vessel strikes and fishing gear entanglement in recent years than ever before.


Context: where is the humpback whale found?

Context: oceans and seas

Context: did any scientist study their behavior?

Context: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Context: what does this species feed on mostly?

Context: krill and small fish

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the first species affected by any type of pollution?

Context: Yes, noise pollution

Question: what other type of animals does this pollution affect?

Answer: Zebra finches and European robins

Explanation: Zebra finches

Noise pollution [SEP] Wildlife

The same study showed that daytime noise was a stronger predictor of nocturnal singing than night-time light pollution, to which the phenomenon often is attributed. Anthropogenic noise reduced the species richness of birds found in Neoptropical urban parks. Zebra finches become less faithful to their partners when exposed to traffic noise. This could alter a population's evolutionary trajectory by selecting traits, sapping resources normally devoted to other activities and thus leading to profound genetic and evolutionary consequences.


Context: where is the humpback whale found?

Context: oceans and seas

Context: did any scientist study their behavior?

Context: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Context: what does this species feed on mostly?

Context: krill and small fish

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, noise pollution

Context: what other type of animals does this pollution affect?

Context: Zebra finches and European robins

Question: what type of species is the first one?

Answer: Estrildid finch

Explanation: estrildid finch

Zebra finch [SEP] Introduction

The zebra finch ("Taeniopygia guttata") is the most common estrildid finch of Central Australia and ranges over most of the continent, avoiding only the cool moist south and some areas of the tropical far north. It can also be found natively on Timor island. The bird has been introduced to Puerto Rico and Portugal.


Context: where is the humpback whale found?

Context: oceans and seas

Context: did any scientist study their behavior?

Context: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Context: what does this species feed on mostly?

Context: krill and small fish

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, noise pollution

Context: Zebra finches and European robins

Context: what type of species is the first one?

Context: Estrildid finch

Question: which region is it commonly found in?

Answer: Central Australia

Explanation: Central Australia

Zebra finch [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is the humpback whale found?

Context: oceans and seas

Context: did any scientist study their behavior?

Context: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Context: what does this species feed on mostly?

Context: krill and small fish

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, noise pollution

Context: Zebra finches and European robins

Context: what type of species is the first one?

Context: Estrildid finch

Context: which region is it commonly found in?

Context: Central Australia

Question: what is the most common weather seen in this region?

Answer: It is very dry, and has a tropical climate receiving on average just of rainfall annually.

Central Australia [SEP] Climate

The region is very dry, and has a tropical climate receiving on average just of rainfall annually.


Context: where is the humpback whale found?

Context: oceans and seas

Context: did any scientist study their behavior?

Context: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Context: what does this species feed on mostly?

Context: krill and small fish

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, noise pollution

Context: Zebra finches and European robins

Context: what type of species is the first one?

Context: Estrildid finch

Context: which region is it commonly found in?

Context: Central Australia

Context: what is the most common weather seen in this region?

Context: It is very dry, and has a tropical climate receiving on average just of rainfall annually.

Question: how many people live there?

Answer: Its total population is estimated to be 41,000.

Central Australia [SEP] Population

The total population of Central Australia is estimated to be 41,000. Alice Springs, the main urban area of Central Australia, is predominantly Anglo-Celtic Australian, with approximately 25% Aboriginal population; however, the surrounding communities which make up Central Australia are almost exclusively Aboriginal. All together, the population of the region is between 40% to 45% Aboriginal.


Context: where is the humpback whale found?

Context: oceans and seas

Context: did any scientist study their behavior?

Context: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Context: what does this species feed on mostly?

Context: krill and small fish

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, noise pollution

Context: Zebra finches and European robins

Context: what type of species is the first one?

Context: Estrildid finch

Context: which region is it commonly found in?

Context: Central Australia

Context: how many people live there?

Context: Its total population is estimated to be 41,000.

Question: what does the finch commonly feed on?

Answer: grass seeds

Zebra finch [SEP] Diet

The zebra finch primarily eats grass seeds, feeding mostly on semi-ripe and ripe seeds (although it also takes dry seeds). The seeds are all dehusked, and are found on stems and the ground, with most being taken, at least in the nominate subspecies, from the latter. The grasses they are taken from are commonly between about in length, and larger and easily dehusked seeds are preferred. It supplements its diet with insects (mainly ants and termites) caught in short flights from lookout perches, in addition to flowers of the genus "Chenopodium". The nestlings diet consists almost entirely of half-ripe and ripe seeds, in addition to green plant material.


Context: where is the humpback whale found?

Context: oceans and seas

Context: did any scientist study their behavior?

Context: Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Context: what does this species feed on mostly?

Context: krill and small fish

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, noise pollution

Context: Zebra finches and European robins

Context: what type of species is the first one?

Context: Estrildid finch

Context: which region is it commonly found in?

Context: Central Australia

Context: how many people live there?

Context: what does the finch commonly feed on?

Context: grass seeds

Question: which species is it eaten by?

Answer: Tiger snake, brown snake, dragon lizard etc

Explanation: tiger snake, brown snake, dragon lizard

Zebra finch [SEP] Predators

Nest predators of the zebra finch include the tiger snake, brown snake, dragon lizard, pygmy mulga monitor, singing honeyeater, grey-crowned babbler, yellow-throated miner, little crow, Torresian crow, black rat, and house mouse. Carnivorous marsupials are also nest predators, and barn owls take roosting adult zebra finches.


Question: what is h ii region?

Answer: A region of interstellar atomic hydrogen that is ionized.

Explanation: An H II region or HII region is a region of interstellar atomic hydrogen that is ionized.

H II region [SEP] Introduction

H II regions can be observed at considerable distances in the universe, and the study of extragalactic H II regions is important in determining the distance and chemical composition of galaxies. Spiral and irregular galaxies contain many H II regions, while elliptical galaxies are almost devoid of them. In spiral galaxies, including our Milky Way, H II regions are concentrated in the spiral arms, while in irregular galaxies they are distributed chaotically. Some galaxies contain huge H II regions, which may contain tens of thousands of stars. Examples include the 30 Doradus region in the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 604 in the Triangulum Galaxy.


Context: what is h ii region?

Context: A region of interstellar atomic hydrogen that is ionized.

Question: where is it located?

Answer: The Orion Nebula, the Eta Carinae Nebula, and the Berkeley 59 / Cepheus OB4 Complex.

Explanation: Notable Galactic H II regions include the Orion Nebula, the Eta Carinae Nebula, and the Berkeley 59 / Cepheus OB4 Complex.

H II region [SEP] Notable regions

The supernova SN 1987A occurred in the outskirts of the Tarantula Nebula. Another giant H II region—NGC 604 is located in M33 spiral galaxy, which is at 817 kpc (2.66 million light years). Measuring at approximately () across, NGC 604 is the second-most-massive H II region in the Local Group after the Tarantula Nebula, although it is slightly larger in size than the latter. It contains around 200 hot OB and Wolf-Rayet stars, which heat the gas inside it to millions of degrees, producing bright X-ray emissions. The total mass of the hot gas in NGC 604 is about 6,000 Solar masses.