Context: who are the original avengers in the movies

Context: Tony Stark, Steve Rogers, Bruce Banner, and Thor.

Question: who directed it?

Answer: Joss Whedon

Explanation: Written and directed by Joss Whedon, it features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, and Jeremy Renner as the Avengers, alongside Tom Hiddleston, Clark Gregg, Cobie Smulders, Stellan Skarsgård, and Samuel L. Jackson.


Context: who directed it?

Context: Joss Whedon

Question: what is the storyline?

Answer: Nick Fury and the spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D. recruit avengers to form a team capable of stopping Thor's brother Loki from subjugating Earth.

Explanation: In the film, Nick Fury and the spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D. recruit Tony Stark, Steve Rogers, Bruce Banner, and Thor to form a team capable of stopping Thor's brother Loki from subjugating Earth.

The Avengers (2012 film) [SEP] Introduction

It grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide, setting numerous box office records and becoming the third-highest-grossing film of all time as well as the highest-grossing film of 2012. It is the first Marvel production to generate $1 billion in ticket sales. In 2017, "The Avengers" was featured as one of the 100 greatest films of all time in an "Empire" magazine poll. Three sequels have been released: "" (2015), "" (2018), and "" (2019).


Context: who directed it?

Context: Joss Whedon

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: Nick Fury and the spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D. recruit avengers to form a team capable of stopping Thor's brother Loki from subjugating Earth.

Question: where did the filming take place?

Answer: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Cleveland, Ohio are few of the places..

Explanation:
Principal photography began on April 25, 2011, in Albuquerque, New Mexico at Albuquerque Studios, with the working title "Group Hug". In June 2011, stuntman Jeremy Fitzgerald injured his head while attempting a stunt involving a 30-foot fall from a building after getting hit by an arrow. A Marvel spokesperson later told TMZ that despite the injury, Fitzgerald recovered and continued working on set. The following month, secondary filming took place about an hour outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the Butler area. A chase sequence was also shot in Worthington, Pennsylvania at Creekside Mushroom Farms, the world's largest single-site mushroom farm, which provided 150 miles of abandoned limestone tunnels 300 feet below the ground for filming.

Production relocated to Cleveland, Ohio in August 2011, where filming transpired over a period of four weeks.

The Avengers (2012 film) [SEP] Filming


Context: who directed it?

Context: Joss Whedon

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where did the filming take place?

Context: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Cleveland, Ohio are few of the places..

Question: who did the soundtrack for the movie?

Answer: Alan Silvestri

The Avengers (2012 film) [SEP] Music

In November 2011, Marvel announced that Alan Silvestri, who scored "Captain America: The First Avenger", would write and compose the score for "The Avengers". Silvestri said, "I've worked on films where there have been a number of stars and certainly worked on films where there have been characters of equal weight in terms of their level of importance and profile in the film, but this one is somewhat extreme in that regard because each of these characters has their own world and it's a very different situation. It's very challenging to look for a way to give everyone the weight and consideration they need, but at the same time the film is really about the coming together of these characters, which implies that there is this entity called the Avengers which really has to be representative of all of them together." Silvestri developed the score with the London Symphony Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios in London, England.


Context: who directed it?

Context: Joss Whedon

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where did the filming take place?

Context: who did the soundtrack for the movie?

Context: Alan Silvestri

Question: what can you tell me about the initial avenger mentioned above?

Answer: It is a fictional character portrayed by Robert Downey Jr. commonly known by his alter ego, Iron Man.

Tony Stark (Marvel Cinematic Universe) [SEP] Introduction

Anthony Edward Stark is a fictional character portrayed by Robert Downey Jr. in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film franchise—based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name—commonly known by his alter ego, Iron Man. In the films, Stark is an industrialist, genius inventor, hero and former playboy who is CEO of Stark Industries. At the beginning of the series, he is a chief weapons manufacturer for the U.S. military, until he has a change of heart and redirects his technical knowledge into the creation of mechanized suits of armor which he uses to defend against those that would threaten peace around the world.


Context: who directed it?

Context: Joss Whedon

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where did the filming take place?

Context: who did the soundtrack for the movie?

Context: Alan Silvestri

Context: what can you tell me about the initial avenger mentioned above?

Context: It is a fictional character portrayed by Robert Downey Jr. commonly known by his alter ego, Iron Man.

Question: what weapon does the last avenger use?

Answer: Hammer

Thor [SEP] Introduction

In Germanic mythology, Thor (; from ) is a hammer-wielding god associated with lightning, thunder, storms, sacred groves and trees, strength, the protection of mankind and also hallowing and fertility. Besides Old Norse , extensions of the god occur in Old English as and in Old High German as . All forms of the deity stem from a Common Germanic (meaning 'thunder'). Thor is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples, from the Roman occupation of regions of , to the Germanic expansions of the Migration Period, to his high popularity during the Viking Age, when, in the face of the process of the Christianization of Scandinavia, emblems of his hammer, , were worn and Norse pagan personal names containing the name of the god bear witness to his popularity.


Context: who directed it?

Context: Joss Whedon

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where did the filming take place?

Context: who did the soundtrack for the movie?

Context: Alan Silvestri

Context: what weapon does the last avenger use?

Context: Hammer

Question: is he a god?

Answer: Yes, in Germanic mythology.

Thor [SEP] Introduction


Context: who directed it?

Context: Joss Whedon

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where did the filming take place?

Context: who did the soundtrack for the movie?

Context: Alan Silvestri

Context: what weapon does the last avenger use?

Context: Hammer

Context: is he a god?

Context: Yes, in Germanic mythology.

Question: what is he associated with?

Answer: Lightning, thunder, storms, sacred groves and trees, strength, the protection of mankind and also hallowing and fertility.

Thor [SEP] Introduction


Context: who directed it?

Context: Joss Whedon

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where did the filming take place?

Context: who did the soundtrack for the movie?

Context: Alan Silvestri

Context: what weapon does the last avenger use?

Context: Hammer

Context: is he a god?

Context: Yes, in Germanic mythology.

Context: what is he associated with?

Context: Lightning, thunder, storms, sacred groves and trees, strength, the protection of mankind and also hallowing and fertility.

Question: how is he associated with the viking age?

Answer: In the 11th century, chronicler Adam of Bremen records that a statue of Thor, who Adam describes as "mightiest", sits in the Temple at Uppsala in the center of a triple throne located in Sweden.

Thor [SEP] Viking age

In the 11th century, chronicler Adam of Bremen records in his that a statue of Thor, who Adam describes as "mightiest", sits in the Temple at Uppsala in the center of a triple throne (flanked by Woden and "Fricco") located in , Sweden. Adam details that "Thor, they reckon, rules the sky; he governs thunder and lightning, winds and storms, fine weather and fertility" and that "Thor, with his mace, looks like Jupiter". Adam details that the people of had appointed priests to each of the gods, and that the priests were to offer up sacrifices. In Thor's case, he continues, these sacrifices were done when plague or famine threatened.


Question: in which country did the tropical storm faxai of 2007 take place?

Answer: Japan

Explanation: The storm became extratropical the following day as it brushed Japan. The remnants dissipated on October 28.

Tropical Storm Faxai (2007) [SEP] Introduction

A Japan Airlines flight to Narita Airport encountered severe turbulence during the afternoon of October 27. One person sustained serious injuries, and five others received minor injuries; the plane was damaged during the event. One person was killed near Tokyo as the storm passed by, and three others were injured. Damages from the storm amounted to ¥150 million (US$1.5 million).


Context: in which country did the tropical storm faxai of 2007 take place?

Context: Japan

Question: where did the storm originate from?

Answer: Western Pacific Ocean

Severe Tropical Storm Faxai, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Juaning, was a short-lived tropical storm that had minor effects on land. The twentieth named storm of the 2007 Pacific typhoon season, Faxai originated from a tropical depression over the open waters of the western Pacific Ocean in late October. The storm quickly strengthened, becoming a severe tropical storm on October 26 as it rapidly traveled toward the northeast. The storm became extratropical the following day as it brushed Japan. The remnants dissipated on October 28. Although Faxai never made landfall, outer bands associated with the storm produced torrential rains, amounting to on Miyakejima.


Context: Japan

Context: where did the storm originate from?

Context: Western Pacific Ocean

Question: what was the wind speed?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Japan

Context: where did the storm originate from?

Context: Western Pacific Ocean

Context: what was the wind speed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what was the aftermath?

Answer: One home, two hectares of farmland, of roads, and one ship were damaged by the storm

Tropical Storm Faxai (2007) [SEP] Preparations and impact

The rainfall in Miyakejima nearly surpassed the record daily rainfall for October 27. Rainfall rates peaked at on Miyaketsubota, which triggered seven mudslides throughout the country. One woman was killed near Tokyo, and three people were injured. One home, two hectares of farmland, of roads, and one ship were damaged by the storm. At the height of the storm, 9,605 residences were without power throughout Japan. Damages from cyclone totaled ¥150 million (US$1.5 million). At 5:31 pm Japan Standard Time (0831 UTC) on October 27, a Japan Airlines Boeing 767-300 heading to Narita International Airport, encountered severe turbulence from Faxai about southeast of Narita.


Context: Japan

Context: where did the storm originate from?

Context: Western Pacific Ocean

Context: what was the wind speed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the aftermath?

Context: One home, two hectares of farmland, of roads, and one ship were damaged by the storm

Question: names some places in that country which encountered a very high rainfall due to the event?

Answer: Miyakejima,  Ōshima  Subprefecture,  Miyaketsubota

Explanation: The highest total rainfall was recorded on Miyakejima at and in the Ōshima Subprefecture of Tokyo, was recorded. The rainfall in Miyakejima nearly surpassed the record daily rainfall for October 27. Rainfall rates peaked at on Miyaketsubota, which triggered seven mudslides throughout the country.


Context: Japan

Context: where did the storm originate from?

Context: Western Pacific Ocean

Context: what was the wind speed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the aftermath?

Context: names some places in that country which encountered a very high rainfall due to the event?

Context: Miyakejima,  Ōshima  Subprefecture,  Miyaketsubota

Question: name a few organizations which alerted the country about this event?

Answer: Japan Meteorological Agency, Joint Typhoon Warning Center,   Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

Explanation: The following day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression. Shortly after, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert as convection deepened around a partially exposed low. The storm traveled northwest under the influences of a subtropical ridge to the north. At 0000 UTC on October 26, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) designated th

Tropical Storm Faxai (2007) [SEP] Meteorological history

An anticyclone over Japan created a strong pressure gradient between it and the tropical storm, causing the wind field of Faxai to expand significantly to the northeast. As the JTWC issued their final advisory, they assessed the storm to have reached its peak intensity, with () winds of . The JMA also assessed Faxai to have reached its peak intensity at that time, with () winds of and a minimum pressure of 975 hPa (mbar); however, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported that Faxai had attained hurricane-force winds by this time, peaking at . The storm continued towards the northeast at a rapid pace and became extratropical off the eastern coast of Honshu around 1200 UTC on October 27.


Context: Japan

Context: where did the storm originate from?

Context: Western Pacific Ocean

Context: what was the wind speed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the aftermath?

Context: name a few organizations which alerted the country about this event?

Context: Japan Meteorological Agency, Joint Typhoon Warning Center,   Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

Question: when was that first organization mentioned above established?

Answer: 1968

Japan Meteorological Agency [SEP] Overview

The JMA is responsible not only for gathering and reporting weather data and forecasts in Japan, but also for observation and warning of earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons and volcanic eruptions. The agency has six regional administrative offices (including five DMOs and Okinawa Meteorological Observatory), four Marine Observatories, five auxiliary facilities, four Aviation Weather Service Centers and 47 local offices composed of the LMOs. These are also used to gather data, supplemented by weather satellites such as "Himawari", and other research institutes. In 1968, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) designated the JMA as a Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for Asia. In June 1988, the WMO also assigned the JMA as a RSMC for the Northwestern Pacific under its Tropical Cyclone programme.


Context: Japan

Context: where did the storm originate from?

Context: Western Pacific Ocean

Context: what was the wind speed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the aftermath?

Context: when was that first organization mentioned above established?

Question: name a few people who worked/ or are currently working in that organization.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Japan

Context: where did the storm originate from?

Context: Western Pacific Ocean

Context: what was the wind speed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the aftermath?

Context: name a few people who worked/ or are currently working in that organization.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what natural calamities does that organization notify the country?

Answer: Volcanic eruptions,  earthquake warnings,  tropical cyclones

Explanation: MA other responsibilities include issuing warnings for volcanic eruptions, and the nationwide issuance of earthquake warnings of the Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system. JMA is also designated one of the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). It is responsible for forecasting, naming, and distributing warnings for tropical cyclones

Japan Meteorological Agency [SEP] Introduction

JMA is also designated one of the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). It is responsible for forecasting, naming, and distributing warnings for tropical cyclones in the Northwestern Pacific region, including the Celebes Sea, the Sulu Sea, the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk.


Context: Japan

Context: where did the storm originate from?

Context: Western Pacific Ocean

Context: what was the wind speed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the aftermath?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what natural calamities does that organization notify the country?

Context: Volcanic eruptions,  earthquake warnings,  tropical cyclones

Question: in which city is their main office?

Answer: Tokyo

Explanation: RSMC for the Northwestern Pacific under its Tropical Cyclone programme. In July 1989, the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center was established within the headquarters office, which dealt with the forecasting and dissemination of active tropical cyclones, as well as preparing a summary of each year's cyclone activity.


Context: Japan

Context: where did the storm originate from?

Context: Western Pacific Ocean

Context: what was the wind speed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the aftermath?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: in which city is their main office?

Context: Tokyo

Question: in which city is that second organization which you mentioned earlier located?

Answer: Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Joint Typhoon Warning Center [SEP] Introduction

The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command located in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean for all branches of the U.S. Department of Defense and other U.S. government agencies. Their warnings are intended for the protection of primarily military ships and aircraft as well as military installations jointly operated with other countries around the world. Its U.S. Navy components are aligned with Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command.


Question: who is delia on young and the restless

Answer: Daughter of Chloe

Chloe Mitchell [SEP] Introduction

Upon the birth of her daughter Cordelia "Delia" Abbott (Sophie Pollono) the truth is revealed: Billy Abbott (Billy Miller) fathered the child, not Cane. After brief marriages to Cane and then Billy, Chloe begins an unsuccessful streak of relationships with men including Chance Chancellor (John Driscoll), Ronan Malloy (Jeff Branson), and most recently Kevin Fisher (Greg Rikaart). Other storylines the character encountered included Delia facing leukemia in 2011, and later when she was killed in a hit and run accident in 2013. Despite temporarily breaking up the popular pairing of Lily and Cane, Chloe was met with popularity among viewers and critics.


Context:
who is delia on young and the restless
Daughter of Chloe

Question: is she a character in the series?

Answer: Yes, from "The Young and the Restless", an American soap opera

Chloe Mitchell [SEP] Introduction

Chloe Mitchell is a fictional character from "The Young and the Restless", an American soap opera on the CBS network. Introduced by former executive producer Edward J. Scott as the daughter of trusty Chancellor family maid, Esther Valentine (Kate Linder), the character was born onscreen on July 27, 1990. Originally portrayed by twins, Darla and Sandra Greer, until 1991, upon her brief return in 1994, child actress, Danielle Ryah, portrayed the role. On February 6, 2008, executive producer/head writer Josh Griffith introduced a new character, Chloe Mitchell, played by former "All My Children" actress, Elizabeth Hendrickson. That August, a change in storyline revealed Chloe was Kate, having legally changed her name while offscreen, when the character was away in boarding school.


Context: who is delia on young and the restless

Context: Daughter of Chloe

Context: is she a character in the series?

Context: Yes, from "The Young and the Restless", an American soap opera

Question: what story did it discuss?

Answer: Chloe is first hired as a fashion consultant at Jabot Cosmetics by Cane Ashby, whom she develops an attraction for. She breaks up Cane's relationship with girlfriend, Lily Winters, by announcing that she is pregnant with his child. Upon the birth of her daughter Cordelia "Delia" Abbott the truth is revealed: Billy Abbott fathered the child, not Cane.

Explanation: Chloe is first hired as a fashion consultant at Jabot Cosmetics by Cane Ashby (Daniel Goddard), whom she develops an attraction for. She breaks up Cane's relationship with girlfriend, Lily Winters, (Christel Khalil) by announcing that she is pregnant with his child. Upon the birth of her daughter Cordelia "Delia" Abbott (Sophie Pollono) the truth is revealed: Billy Abbott (Billy Miller) fathered the child, not Cane.

Chloe Mitchell [SEP] Introduction

Hendrickson's performance has been met with critical acclaim, having garnered her four Daytime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2018. After six years in the role, Hendrickson chose to leave "The Young and the Restless" in 2014, returning for two brief guest stints thereafter. She later returned as a series regular from 2016 to 2017. Hendrickson briefly reprised the role in June 2019 and on August 26, 2019.


Context: who is delia on young and the restless

Context: Daughter of Chloe

Context: is she a character in the series?

Context: what story did it discuss?

Context: Chloe is first hired as a fashion consultant at Jabot Cosmetics by Cane Ashby, whom she develops an attraction for. She breaks up Cane's relationship with girlfriend, Lily Winters, by announcing that she is pregnant with his child. Upon the birth of her daughter Cordelia "Delia" Abbott the truth is revealed: Billy Abbott fathered the child, not Cane.

Question: who directed it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Chloe Mitchell [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is delia on young and the restless

Context: Daughter of Chloe

Context: is she a character in the series?

Context: what story did it discuss?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where did it get broadcasted?

Answer: CBS

Explanation: CBS

The Young and the Restless [SEP] Introduction

The Young and the Restless (often abbreviated as Y&R) is an American television soap opera created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. The show is set in a fictionalized version of Genoa City, Wisconsin. First broadcast on March 26, 1973, "The Young and the Restless" was originally broadcast as half-hour episodes, five times a week. The show expanded to one-hour episodes on February 4, 1980. In 2006, the series began airing previous episodes weeknights on SOAPnet until 2013, when it moved to TVGN (now Pop). As of July 1, 2013, Pop still airs previous episodes on weeknights.


Context: who is delia on young and the restless

Context: Daughter of Chloe

Context: is she a character in the series?

Context: what story did it discuss?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did it get broadcasted?

Context: CBS

Question: who were the main actors in it?

Answer: Elizabeth Hendrickson, Daniel Goddard, Christel Khalil, Sophie Pollono

Explanation: Daniel Goddard), whom she develops an attraction for. She breaks up Cane's relationship with girlfriend, Lily Winters, (Christel Khalil) by announcing that she is pregnant with his child. Upon the birth of her daughter Cordelia "Delia" Abbott (Sophie Pollono) the truth is revealed: Billy Abbott (Billy Miller)

Chloe Mitchell [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is delia on young and the restless

Context: Daughter of Chloe

Context: is she a character in the series?

Context: what story did it discuss?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did it get broadcasted?

Context: CBS

Context: who were the main actors in it?

Context: Elizabeth Hendrickson, Daniel Goddard, Christel Khalil, Sophie Pollono

Question: which role is played by the first actress?

Answer: Chloe Mitchell

Elizabeth Hendrickson [SEP] Introduction

Elizabeth Courtney Hendrickson Meder (born July 3, 1979) is an American actress. Her big break came when she was cast as character Frankie Stone on the daytime drama "All My Children". Her equally popular role of Maggie Stone, the character's identical twin, launched the character into iconic status as one half of supercouple Bianca Montgomery and Maggie Stone. Following her departure from "All My Children", Hendrickson guest starred in several primetime shows. Since 2008, she starred as fashion vixen Chloe Mitchell on "The Young and the Restless."


Context: who is delia on young and the restless

Context: Daughter of Chloe

Context: is she a character in the series?

Context: what story did it discuss?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did it get broadcasted?

Context: CBS

Context: who were the main actors in it?

Context: which role is played by the first actress?

Context: Chloe Mitchell

Question: where is she from?

Answer: New York City

Explanation: New York City.

Elizabeth Hendrickson [SEP] Early life

Hendrickson was born in New York City. Her family later moved to Northport, Long Island, and maintained a home there. At an early age, Hendrickson showed an interest in the performing arts. "Artistic people have always surrounded me," she stated in a Q&A interview, citing her actor/artist family as her inspiration for wanting to become an actress. "Their talent and love for the arts continue to inspire me and always will." Her cousin is documentary filmmaker Dennis Michael Lynch. By age 5, Hendrickson was tap dancing on tabletops at family weddings. As she aged, her love for performing deepened. Hendrickson studied musical theatre at Syracuse University for two years before returning to New York.


Context: who is delia on young and the restless

Context: Daughter of Chloe

Context: is she a character in the series?

Context: what story did it discuss?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did it get broadcasted?

Context: CBS

Context: who were the main actors in it?

Context: Chloe Mitchell

Context: where is she from?

Context: New York City

Question: how did she start her career?

Answer: She auditioned for the roles of Bianca Montgomery, Rain Wilkins and Pine Valley High cheerleader Mindy on the daytime drama "All My Children" and was selected for the role of Frankie.

Elizabeth Hendrickson [SEP] Early life

She transferred to Fordham College in her sophomore year. She auditioned for the roles of Bianca Montgomery, Rain Wilkins and Pine Valley High cheerleader Mindy on the daytime drama "All My Children", but others were cast in the parts. She tried out as "Guiding Light" character Michelle Bauer Santos, a role that eventually went to actress Rebecca Budig.


Context: who is delia on young and the restless

Context: Daughter of Chloe

Context: is she a character in the series?

Context: what story did it discuss?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did it get broadcasted?

Context: CBS

Context: who were the main actors in it?

Context: Chloe Mitchell

Context: where is she from?

Context: New York City

Context: how did she start her career?

Context: She auditioned for the roles of Bianca Montgomery, Rain Wilkins and Pine Valley High cheerleader Mindy on the daytime drama "All My Children" and was selected for the role of Frankie.

Question: who did the editing for the aforementioned drama?

Answer: Anthony Pascarelli, Mason Dickson, Marika Kushel Brancato, Ernie Generalli, Matthew Griffin, Corey Pitts, Myron Tookes, Teresa Cicala

Explanation: Anthony Pascarelli, Mason Dickson, Marika Kushel Brancato, Ernie Generalli, Matthew Griffin, Corey Pitts, Myron Tookes, Teresa Cicala

All My Children [SEP] Editors


Question: how long do mocking birds stay in the nest

Answer: 11 to 13 days

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Ontogeny

A laboratory observation of 38 mockingbird nestlings and fledglings (thirty-five and three, respectively) recorded the behavioral development of young mockingbirds. Notable milestones included the eyes opening, soft vocalizations, begging, and preening began within the first six days of life. Variation in begging and more compact movements such as perching, fear crouching, and stretching appeared by the ninth day. Wing-flashing, bathing, flight, and leaving the nest happened within seventeen days (nest leaving occurred within 11 to 13 days). Improvements of flight, walking and self-feeding took place within forty days. Agonistic behavior increased during the juvenile stages, to the extent that one of two siblings living in the same area was likely killed by the other.


Context: how long do mocking birds stay in the nest

Context: 11 to 13 days

Question: why are they called mocking birds?

Answer: It has mimicking ability.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Introduction

The northern mockingbird ("Mimus polyglottos") is the only mockingbird commonly found in North America. This bird is mainly a permanent resident, but northern birds may move south during harsh weather. This species has rarely been observed in Europe. This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of "Systema Naturae" as "Turdus polyglottos". The northern mockingbird is known for its mimicking ability, as reflected by the meaning of its scientific name, "many-tongued thrush". The northern mockingbird has gray to brown upper feathers and a paler belly. Its tail and wings have white patches which are visible in flight.


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Question: where are they found?

Answer: North America

Explanation: The northern mockingbird ("Mimus polyglottos") is the only mockingbird commonly found in North America. This bird is mainly a permanent resident, but northern birds may move south during harsh weather. This species has rarely been observed in Europe.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Introduction


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Question: what colours are their feathers?

Answer: Gray to brown upper feathers

Explanation: The northern mockingbird has gray to brown upper feathers and a paler belly.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Introduction


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Question: what do they eat?

Answer: Arthropods, earthworms, berries, fruits, seeds, and occasionally lizards.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Diet

The northern mockingbird is an omnivore. The birds' diet consists of arthropods, earthworms, berries, fruits, seeds, and occasionally lizards. Mockingbirds can drink from puddles, river and lake edges, or dew and rain droplets that amass onto plants. Adult mockingbirds also have been seen drinking sap from the cuts on recently pruned trees. Its diet heavily consists of animal prey during the breeding season, but takes a drastic shift to fruits during the fall and winter. The drive for fruits amid winter has been noted for the geographic expansion of the mockingbird, and in particular, the fruit of "Rosa multiflora", a favorite of the birds, is a possible link.


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Context: what do they eat?

Context: Arthropods, earthworms, berries, fruits, seeds, and occasionally lizards.

Question: how do they select their mates?

Answer: Males sing songs to attract females.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Sexual selection

Northern mockingbirds are famous for their song repertoires. Studies have shown that males sing songs at the beginning of breeding season to attract females. Unmated males sing songs in more directions and sing more bouts than mated males. In addition, unmated males perform more flight displays than mated males. The mockingbirds usually nest several times during one breeding season. Depending on the stage of breeding and the mating status, a male mockingbird will vary his song production. The unmated male keeps close track of this change. He sings in one direction when he perceives a chance to lure a female from the nest of the mated male.


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Context: what do they eat?

Context: how do they select their mates?

Context: Males sing songs to attract females.

Question: do they follow any specific breeding patterns?

Answer: Yes, the males arrive before the beginning of the season to establish their territories and use a series of courtship displays to attract the females to their sites.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Breeding

Both the male and female of the species reach sexual maturity after one year of life. The breeding season occurs in the spring and early summer. The males arrive before the beginning of the season to establish their territories. The males use a series of courtship displays to attract the females to their sites. They run around the area either to showcase their territory to the females or to pursue the females. The males also engage in flight to showcase their wings. They sing and call as they perform all of these displays. The species can remain monogamous for many years, but incidents of polygyny and bigamy have been reported to occur during a single bird's lifetime.


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Context: what do they eat?

Context: how do they select their mates?

Context: Males sing songs to attract females.

Context: do they follow any specific breeding patterns?

Context: Yes, the males arrive before the beginning of the season to establish their territories and use a series of courtship displays to attract the females to their sites.

Question: do the parents take special care of the hatchlings?

Answer: Yes, as they are born relatively immobile and defenseless and therefore require nourishment for a certain duration.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Parental care

Northern mockingbirds are altricial, meaning that, when hatched, they are born relatively immobile and defenseless and therefore require nourishment for a certain duration from their parents. The young have a survival bottleneck at the nestling stage because there are higher levels of nestling predation than egg predation. The levels of belligerence exhibited by parents therefore increase once eggs hatch but there is no increase during the egg stage. A recent study shows that both food availability and temperature affect the parental incubation of the eggs in northern mockingbirds. Increasing food availability provides the females with more time to care for the nest and perform self-maintenance.


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Context: what do they eat?

Context: how do they select their mates?

Context: Males sing songs to attract females.

Context: do the parents take special care of the hatchlings?

Context: Yes, as they are born relatively immobile and defenseless and therefore require nourishment for a certain duration.

Question: who are their predators?

Answer: The great horned owl, screech owl and sharp-shinned hawk.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Predation and threats

Adult mockingbirds can fall victim to birds of prey such as the great horned owl, screech owl and sharp-shinned hawk, though their tenacious behavior makes them less likely to be captured. Scrub-jays also have killed and eaten mockingbirds. Snakes rarely capture incubating females. Fledgelings have been prey to domestic cats, red-tailed hawks, and crows. Eggs and nestlings are consumed by blue jays, fish crows and American crows, red-tailed hawks, swallow-tailed kites, snakes, squirrels, and cats. Blowfly larvae and "Haemoproteus" have been found in Florida and Arizona populations, respectively. Winter storms limit the expansion of mockingbirds in their range. The storms have played a role in the declining of the populations in Ohio (where it has since recovered), Michigan, Minnesota and likely in Quebec.


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Context: what do they eat?

Context: how do they select their mates?

Context: Males sing songs to attract females.

Context: who are their predators?

Context: The great horned owl, screech owl and sharp-shinned hawk.

Question: do they face any other threat?

Answer: Winter storms limit the expansion of mockingbirds in their range.

Explanation: Winter storms limit the expansion of mockingbirds in their range.


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Context: what do they eat?

Context: how do they select their mates?

Context: Males sing songs to attract females.

Context: who are their predators?

Context: do they face any other threat?

Context: Winter storms limit the expansion of mockingbirds in their range.

Question: how smart are the birds?

Answer: A 2009 study showed that the bird was able to recognize individual humans, particularly noting those who had previously been intruders or threats.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Introduction

A 2009 study showed that the bird was able to recognize individual humans, particularly noting those who had previously been intruders or threats. Also birds recognize their breeding spots and return to areas in which they had greatest success in previous years. Urban birds are more likely to demonstrate this behavior.


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Context: what do they eat?

Context: how do they select their mates?

Context: Males sing songs to attract females.

Context: who are their predators?

Context: do they face any other threat?

Context: how smart are the birds?

Context: A 2009 study showed that the bird was able to recognize individual humans, particularly noting those who had previously been intruders or threats.

Question: how have they adapted to human cities?

Answer: One explanation for this phenomenon is that urban environments are more predictable than non-urban ones, as the site fidelity among urban birds prevents them from falling into ecological traps.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Adaptation to urban habitats

Urban birds are more likely to return to the nest where they had successfully bred the previous year and avoid those where breeding success was low. One explanation for this phenomenon is that urban environments are more predictable than non-urban ones, as the site fidelity among urban birds prevents them from falling into ecological traps. Mockingbirds are also able to utilize artificial lighting in order to feed nestlings in urban areas such as residential neighborhoods into the night, in contrast to those that do not nest near those areas. The adaptation of the mockingbird in urban habitats has led it to become more susceptible to lead poisoning in Baltimore and Washington, D.C.


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Context: what do they eat?

Context: how do they select their mates?

Context: Males sing songs to attract females.

Context: who are their predators?

Context: do they face any other threat?

Context: how smart are the birds?

Context: how have they adapted to human cities?

Context: One explanation for this phenomenon is that urban environments are more predictable than non-urban ones, as the site fidelity among urban birds prevents them from falling into ecological traps.

Question: any reference to culture?

Answer: It is features in the title and central metaphor of the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird", by Harper Lee.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] In culture

This bird features in the title and central metaphor of the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird", by Harper Lee. In that novel, mockingbirds are portrayed as innocent and generous, and two of the major characters, Atticus Finch and Miss Maudie, say it is a sin to kill a mockingbird because "they don't do one thing for us but make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corncribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us." "Hush, Little Baby" is a traditional lullaby, thought to have been written in the southern United States; its key first lines are, "Hush, little baby, don't say a word, Mama's gonna buy you a "mockingbird".


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Context: what do they eat?

Context: how do they select their mates?

Context: Males sing songs to attract females.

Context: who are their predators?

Context: do they face any other threat?

Context: how smart are the birds?

Context: how have they adapted to human cities?

Context: any reference to culture?

Context: It is features in the title and central metaphor of the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird", by Harper Lee.

Question: are they the state bird of any place?

Answer: Yes, Arkansas, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas.

Explanation: The northern mockingbird is the state bird of Arkansas, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas, and previously the state bird of South Carolina.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] State bird


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Context: what do they eat?

Context: how do they select their mates?

Context: Males sing songs to attract females.

Context: who are their predators?

Context: do they face any other threat?

Context: how smart are the birds?

Context: how have they adapted to human cities?

Context: any reference to culture?

Context: are they the state bird of any place?

Context: Yes, Arkansas, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas.

Question: can you please name any of their subspecies?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Northern mockingbird [SEP] State bird


Context: 11 to 13 days

Context: why are they called mocking birds?

Context: It has mimicking ability.

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America

Context: what colours are their feathers?

Context: Gray to brown upper feathers

Context: what do they eat?

Context: how do they select their mates?

Context: Males sing songs to attract females.

Context: who are their predators?

Context: do they face any other threat?

Context: how smart are the birds?

Context: how have they adapted to human cities?

Context: any reference to culture?

Context: are they the state bird of any place?

Context: can you please name any of their subspecies?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you please give a short description of the bird?

Answer: It is a medium-sized mimid that has long legs and tail with upper parts are colored gray, while its underparts have a white or whitish-gray color.

Northern mockingbird [SEP] Description

The northern mockingbird is a medium-sized mimid that has long legs and tail. Males and females look alike. Its upper parts are colored gray, while its underparts have a white or whitish-gray color. It has parallel wing bars on the half of the wings connected near the white patch giving it a distinctive appearance in flight. The black central rectrices and typical white lateral rectrices are also noticeable in flight. The iris is usually a light green-yellow or a yellow, but there have been instances of an orange color. The bill is black with a brownish black appearance at the base.


Question: in brief, what is the storyline of resident evil 5?

Answer: The protagonists are tasked with apprehending Ricardo Irving before he can sell a bio-organic weapon on the black market.

Resident Evil 5 [SEP] Plot

In 2009, five years after the events of "Resident Evil 4", Chris Redfield, now an agent of the Bioterrorism Security Assessment Alliance (BSAA), is dispatched to Kijuju in Africa. He and his new partner Sheva Alomar are tasked with apprehending Ricardo Irving before he can sell a bio-organic weapon (BOW) on the black market. When they arrive, they discover that the locals have been infected by the parasites Las Plagas (those infected are called "Majini") and the BSAA Alpha Team have been killed. Chris and Sheva are rescued by BSAA's Delta Team, which includes Sheva's mentor Captain Josh Stone. In Stone's data Chris sees a photograph of Jill Valentine, his old partner, who has been presumed dead after a confrontation with Albert Wesker.


Context: in brief, what is the storyline of resident evil 5?

Context: The protagonists are tasked with apprehending Ricardo Irving before he can sell a bio-organic weapon on the black market.

Question: was it received well by fans?

Answer: Yes, it received generally favourable reviews.

Resident Evil 5 [SEP] Reception

" Resident Evil 5" received generally favourable reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Reviewers praised the game's visuals and content. Corey Cohen of "Official Xbox Magazine" complimented the game's fast pace, and called the graphics gorgeous. It was praised by Joe Juba and Matt Miller of "Game Informer", who said that it had the best graphics of any game to date and that the music and voice acting helped bring the characters to life, and Brian Crecente of "Kotaku" said it was one of the most visually stunning games he had ever played. Adam Sessler of "X-Play" said the game's graphics were exceptional, and "Edge" praised the gameplay as exhilarating and frantic.


Context: was it received well by fans?

Context: Yes, it received generally favourable reviews.

Question: were there any allegations or accusations made against it?

Answer: It was criticized for depicting a white protagonist killing black enemies in a small African village.

Resident Evil 5 [SEP] Allegations of racism

"Resident Evil 5"s 2007 E3 trailer was criticized for depicting a white protagonist killing black enemies in a small African village. According to "Newsweek" editor N'Gai Croal, "There was a lot of imagery in that trailer that dovetailed with classic racist imagery", although he acknowledged that only the preview had been released. Takeuchi said the game's producers were completely surprised by the complaints. The second trailer for the game, released on May 31, 2008, revealed a more racially diverse group of enemies and the African BSAA agent Sheva, who assists the protagonist. Critics felt that Sheva's character was added to address the issue of racism, though Karen Dyer said the character had been in development before the first trailer was released.


Context: was it received well by fans?

Context: were there any allegations or accusations made against it?

Context: It was criticized for depicting a white protagonist killing black enemies in a small African village.

Question: who was behind the development of the game?

Answer: Capcom

Resident Evil 5 [SEP] Introduction

Resident Evil 5 is a third-person shooter video game developed and published by Capcom. It is the seventh major installment in the "Resident Evil" series, and was announced in 2005—the same year its predecessor "Resident Evil 4" was released. "Resident Evil 5" was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles in March 2009 and for Microsoft Windows in September that year. The plot involves an investigation of a terrorist threat by Bioterrorism Security Assessment Alliance agents Chris Redfield and Sheva Alomar in Kijuju, a fictional region of Africa. Chris learns that he must confront his past in the form of an old enemy, Albert Wesker, and his former partner, Jill Valentine.


Context: was it received well by fans?

Context: who was behind the development of the game?

Context: Capcom

Question: is this game part of a series of games?

Answer: Yes, It is the seventh major installment in the "Resident Evil" series.

Explanation: It is the seventh major installment in the "Resident Evil" series, and was announced in 2005—the same year its predecessor "Resident Evil 4" was released. "Resident Evil 5" was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles in March 2009 and for Microsoft Windows in September that year.

Resident Evil 5 [SEP] Introduction


Context: was it received well by fans?

Context: Capcom

Context: is this game part of a series of games?

Context: Yes, It is the seventh major installment in the "Resident Evil" series.

Question: what are some locations the events of the game are set in?

Answer: Africa

Resident Evil 5 [SEP] Development

The game's scenario was written by Haruo Murata and Yoshiaki Hirabayashi, based on a story idea by concept director Kenichi Ueda. Takeuchi announced that the game would retain the gameplay model introduced in "Resident Evil 4", with "thematic tastes" from both "Resident Evil 4" and the original "Resident Evil". While previous "Resident Evil" games are mainly set at night, the events of "Resident Evil 5" occur almost entirely during the day. The decision for this was a combination of the game being set in Africa and advances in hardware improvements which allowed increasingly detailed graphics. On the subject of changes to Valentine and Chris's appearance, production director Yasuhiro Anpo explained that designers tried "to preserve their image and imagined how they would have changed over the passage of time".


Context: was it received well by fans?

Context: Capcom

Context: is this game part of a series of games?

Context: what are some locations the events of the game are set in?

Context: Africa

Question: were any films made based on the game?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Resident Evil 5 [SEP] Development

"Resident Evil 5" was developed by Capcom and produced by Jun Takeuchi, who directed "" and produced "". Keiji Inafune, promotional producer for "Resident Evil 2" and executive producer of the PlayStation 2 version of "Resident Evil 4", supervised the project. Production began in 2005 and at its peak, over 100 people were working on the project. In February 2007, some members of Capcom's Clover Studio began working on "Resident Evil 5" while others were working on "", which debuted for the Wii. Yasuhiro Anpo, who worked as a programmer on the original "Resident Evil", directed "Resident Evil 5". He was one of several staff members who worked on the original game to be involved in "Resident Evil 5" development.


Context: was it received well by fans?

Context: Capcom

Context: is this game part of a series of games?

Context: Africa

Context: were any films made based on the game?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: has this series inspired any comic books?

Answer: Yes, Marvel Comics published a single-issue prologue comic.

Explanation: In 1997, Marvel Comics published a single-issue prologue comic based on the original "Resident Evil", released through a promotional giveaway alongside the original PlayStation game.

Resident Evil [SEP] Comics

Wildstorm also published a four-issue miniseries titled "Resident Evil: Fire & Ice", which depicted the ordeal of Charlie Team, a third STARS team created specifically for the comic. In 2009, Wildstorm reprinted "Fire & Ice" in a trade paperback collection. In Hong Kong, there has been officially licensed "Biohazard" manhua adaptations of "Biohazard 3" and "Code: Veronica" by Lee Chung Hing. The latter was translated into English and published by Wildstorm as a series of four graphic novel collections.


Context: was it received well by fans?

Context: Capcom

Context: is this game part of a series of games?

Context: Africa

Context: were any films made based on the game?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has this series inspired any comic books?

Context: Yes, Marvel Comics published a single-issue prologue comic.

Question: what was it called?

Answer: "Resident Evil"

Resident Evil [SEP] Comics

In 1997, Marvel Comics published a single-issue prologue comic based on the original "Resident Evil", released through a promotional giveaway alongside the original PlayStation game. In 1998, WildStorm began producing a monthly comic book series based on the first two games, titled "Resident Evil: The Official Comic Magazine", which lasted five issues. The first four issues were published by Image, while the fifth and final issue was published by Wildstorm themselves. Each issue was a compilation of short stories that were both adaptations of events from the games, as well as related side-stories. Like the Perry novels, the comics also explored events occurring beyond "Resident Evil 2" (the latest game during the series' publication) and thus were contradicted by later games.


Context: was it received well by fans?

Context: Capcom

Context: is this game part of a series of games?

Context: Africa

Context: were any films made based on the game?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was it called?

Context: "Resident Evil"

Question: which company owns the comic-book franchise mentioned previously?

Answer: The Walt Disney Company

Marvel Comics [SEP] Introduction

Marvel Comics is the brand name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc., formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, a publisher of American comic books and related media. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwide's parent company. Marvel was started in 1939 by Martin Goodman under a number of corporations and imprints but now known as Timely Comics, and by 1951 had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel era began in 1961, the year that the company launched "The Fantastic Four" and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others.


Context: was it received well by fans?

Context: Capcom

Context: is this game part of a series of games?

Context: Africa

Context: were any films made based on the game?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was it called?

Context: "Resident Evil"

Context: which company owns the comic-book franchise mentioned previously?

Context: The Walt Disney Company

Question: can you name any movies released by this company?

Answer: Walt Before Mickey

The Walt Disney Company [SEP] 1928–1934: Mickey Mouse and "Silly Symphonies"

On December 30, King Features signed its first newspaper, New York Mirror, to publish the "Mickey Mouse" comic strip with Walt's permission. In 1932, Disney signed an exclusive contract with Technicolor (through the end of 1935) to produce cartoons in color, beginning with "Flowers and Trees" (1932). Disney released cartoons through Powers' Celebrity Pictures (1928–1930), Columbia Pictures (1930–1932), and United Artists (1932–1937). The popularity of the Mickey Mouse series allowed Disney to plan for his first feature-length animation. The feature film "Walt Before Mickey", based on the book by Diane Disney Miller, featured these moments in the studio's history.


Question: we would expect what with low pressure in the northern hemisphere

Answer: Large polar cyclones

Low-pressure area [SEP] Mid-latitudes and subtropics

Large polar cyclones help determine the steering of systems moving through the mid-latitudes, south of the Arctic and north of the Antarctic. The Arctic oscillation provides an index used to gauge the magnitude of this effect in the Northern Hemisphere. Extratropical cyclones tend to form east of climatological trough positions aloft near the east coast of continents, or west side of oceans. A study of extratropical cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere shows that between the 30th and 70th parallels there are an average of 37 cyclones in existence during any 6-hour period. A separate study in the Northern Hemisphere suggests that approximately 234 significant extratropical cyclones form each winter.


Context: we would expect what with low pressure in the northern hemisphere

Context: Large polar cyclones

Question: what is this aforesaid area?

Answer: It is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.

Northern Hemisphere [SEP] Introduction

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's North Pole. Owing to the Earth's axial tilt, winter in the Northern Hemisphere lasts from the December solstice (typically December 21 UTC) to the March equinox (typically March 20 UTC), while summer lasts from the June solstice through to the September equinox (typically on 23 September UTC). The dates vary each year due to the difference between the calendar year and the astronomical year.


Context: Large polar cyclones

Context: what is this aforesaid area?

Context: It is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.

Question: what is this last mentioned thing?

Answer: It is a specific case of a planetary equator. It is about long, of which 78.8% lies across water and 21.3% over land.

Explanation: Earth's Equator, spelled with capital E, is a specific case of a planetary equator. It is about long, of which 78.8% lies across water and 21.3% over land.

Equator [SEP] Introduction

When the Sun is directly above the Earth's Equator (on the equinoxes of approximately March 20 and September 23), sunlight shines perpendicular to the Earth's axis of rotation, and all latitudes have a 12-hour day and 12-hour night. On and near the Equator sunlight comes from almost directly above every day year-round, and thus the Equator has a rather stable daytime temperature the whole year.


Context: Large polar cyclones

Context: what is this aforesaid area?

Context: what is this last mentioned thing?

Context: It is a specific case of a planetary equator. It is about long, of which 78.8% lies across water and 21.3% over land.

Question: where did it take its name from?

Answer: From medieval Latin word "aequator"

Explanation: The name is derived from medieval Latin word "aequator", in the phrase "circulus aequator diei et noctis," meaning 'circle equalizing day and night', from the Latin word "aequare" meaning 'make equal'.

Equator [SEP] Etymology


Context: Large polar cyclones

Context: what is this aforesaid area?

Context: what is this last mentioned thing?

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: From medieval Latin word "aequator"

Question: where is its exact location?

Answer: It is not truly fixed; the true equatorial plane is perpendicular to the Earth's rotation axis, which drifts about during a year.

Equator [SEP] Precise location

The precise location of the equator is not truly fixed; the true equatorial plane is perpendicular to the Earth's rotation axis, which drifts about during a year. This effect must be accounted for in detailed geophysical measurements. Geological samples show the equator significantly changed positions between 12 and 48 million years ago, as sediment deposited by ocean thermal currents at the equator have shifted. The deposits by thermal currents are determined by the axis of the earth, which determines solar coverage of the Earth's surface. Changes in Earth axis can also be observed in the geographic layout of volcanic island chains, which are created by shifting hot spots under the Earth's crust as the axis and crust move.


Context: Large polar cyclones

Context: what is this aforesaid area?

Context: what is this last mentioned thing?

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: From medieval Latin word "aequator"

Context: where is its exact location?

Context: It is not truly fixed; the true equatorial plane is perpendicular to the Earth's rotation axis, which drifts about during a year.

Question: what are some places and countries is crosses?

Answer: Indonesia

Explanation:
The equator passes through the land of 11 countries. Indonesia is the country straddling the greatest length of the equatorial line across both land and sea. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the equator passes through:
Despite its name, no part of Equatorial Guinea lies on the equator. However, its island of Annobón is south of the equator, and the rest of the country lies to the north.

Equator [SEP] Equatorial countries and territories


Context: Large polar cyclones

Context: what is this aforesaid area?

Context: what is this last mentioned thing?

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: From medieval Latin word "aequator"

Context: where is its exact location?

Context: what are some places and countries is crosses?

Context: Indonesia

Question: where is this place?

Answer: It is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans

Indonesia [SEP] Introduction

Indonesia ( ), officially the Republic of Indonesia ( ), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of more than seventeen thousand islands, including Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Kalimantan), Sulawesi, and New Guinea (Papua). Indonesia is the world's largest island country and the 14th-largest country by land area, at . With over floor(/1e6) million people, it is the world's 4th-most-populous country as well as the most-populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most-populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. The sovereign state is a presidential, constitutional republic with an elected legislature.


Context: Large polar cyclones

Context: what is this aforesaid area?

Context: what is this last mentioned thing?

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: From medieval Latin word "aequator"

Context: where is its exact location?

Context: Indonesia

Context: where is this place?

Context: It is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans

Question: was it under any colonial rule?

Answer: Yes. Dutch Rule

Explanation:
In 1602, the Dutch established the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and became the dominant European power for almost 200 years. The VOC was dissolved in 1800 following bankruptcy, and the Netherlands established the Dutch East Indies as a nationalised colony.

For most of the colonial period, Dutch control over the archipelago was tenuous. Dutch forces were engaged continuously in quelling rebellions both on and off Java.

Indonesia [SEP] Colonial era

The influence of local leaders such as Prince Diponegoro in central Java, Imam Bonjol in central Sumatra, Pattimura in Maluku, and bloody 30-year war in Aceh weakened the Dutch and tied up the colonial military forces. Only in the early 20th century did their dominance extend to what was to become Indonesia's current boundaries. The Japanese invasion and subsequent occupation during World War II ended Dutch rule and encouraged the previously suppressed independence movement. Two days after the surrender of Japan in August 1945, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, influential nationalist leaders, proclaimed Indonesian independence and were appointed president and vice-president respectively.


Context: Large polar cyclones

Context: what is this aforesaid area?

Context: what is this last mentioned thing?

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: From medieval Latin word "aequator"

Context: where is its exact location?

Context: Indonesia

Context: where is this place?

Context: was it under any colonial rule?

Context: Yes. Dutch Rule

Question: where did this dutch come from?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Indonesia [SEP] Colonial era

The first Europeans arrived in the archipelago in 1512, when Portuguese traders, led by Francisco Serrão, sought to monopolise the sources of nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in the Maluku Islands. Dutch and British traders followed. In 1602, the Dutch established the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and became the dominant European power for almost 200 years. The VOC was dissolved in 1800 following bankruptcy, and the Netherlands established the Dutch East Indies as a nationalised colony. For most of the colonial period, Dutch control over the archipelago was tenuous. Dutch forces were engaged continuously in quelling rebellions both on and off Java.


Context: Large polar cyclones

Context: what is this aforesaid area?

Context: what is this last mentioned thing?

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: From medieval Latin word "aequator"

Context: where is its exact location?

Context: Indonesia

Context: where is this place?

Context: was it under any colonial rule?

Context: Yes. Dutch Rule

Context: where did this dutch come from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the culture in this place?

Answer: It is a mix of the Indian subcontinent, mainland China, the Middle East, Europe, and the Austronesian people cultures

Indonesia [SEP] Culture

The cultural history of the Indonesian archipelago spans more than two millennia. Influences from the Indian subcontinent, mainland China, the Middle East, Europe, and the Austronesian peoples have historically shaped the cultural, linguistic and religious makeup of the archipelago. As a result, modern-day Indonesia has a multicultural, multilingual and multi-ethnic society, with a complex cultural mixture that differs significantly from the original indigenous cultures. Indonesia currently holds ten items of UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage, including a wayang puppet theatre, kris, batik, pencak silat, angklung, and the three genres of traditional Balinese dance.


Context: Large polar cyclones

Context: what is this aforesaid area?

Context: what is this last mentioned thing?

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: From medieval Latin word "aequator"

Context: where is its exact location?

Context: Indonesia

Context: where is this place?

Context: was it under any colonial rule?

Context: Yes. Dutch Rule

Context: where did this dutch come from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the culture in this place?

Context: It is a mix of the Indian subcontinent, mainland China, the Middle East, Europe, and the Austronesian people cultures

Question: who are these latter mentioned people?

Answer: They are a large group of various peoples in Taiwan (collectively known as Taiwanese indigenous peoples),

Austronesian peoples [SEP] Introduction

The Austronesian peoples, or more accurately Austronesian-speaking peoples, are a large group of various peoples in Taiwan (collectively known as Taiwanese indigenous peoples), Maritime Southeast Asia, Oceania and Madagascar that speak the Austronesian languages. The nations and territories predominantly populated by Austronesian-speaking peoples are sometimes known collectively as Austronesia. Based on the current scientific consensus, they originate from a prehistoric seaborne migration from Taiwan, at around 3000 to 1500 BCE, known as the Austronesian expansion (although there are competing hypotheses that place their origins in East Asia or within maritime Southeast Asia itself). They were the first people to invent maritime sailing technology (most notably catamarans, outrigger boats, lashed-lug boat building, and the crab claw sail) which enabled their rapid dispersal into the islands of the Indo-Pacific.


Question: what was u2 song sunday bloody sunday about

Answer: The 1972 Bloody Sunday incident in Derry where British troops shot and killed unarmed civil rights protesters.

Sunday Bloody Sunday [SEP] Introduction

"Sunday Bloody Sunday" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the opening track from their 1983 album "War" and was released as the album's third single on 21 March 1983 in the Netherlands and West Germany. "Sunday Bloody Sunday" is noted for its militaristic drumbeat, harsh guitar, and melodic harmonies. One of U2's most overtly political songs, its lyrics describe the horror felt by an observer of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, mainly focusing on the 1972 Bloody Sunday incident in Derry where British troops shot and killed unarmed civil rights protesters. Along with "New Year's Day," the song helped U2 reach a wider listening audience.


Context: what was u2 song sunday bloody sunday about

Context: The 1972 Bloody Sunday incident in Derry where British troops shot and killed unarmed civil rights protesters.

Question: who wrote it?

Answer: The Edge

Explanation: the Edge i

Sunday Bloody Sunday [SEP] Writing and recording

"Sunday Bloody Sunday" grew from a guitar riff and lyric written by the Edge in 1982. While newlyweds Bono and Ali Hewson honeymooned in Jamaica, the Edge worked in Ireland on music for the band's upcoming album. Following an argument with his girlfriend, and a period of doubt in his own song-writing abilities, the Edge—"feeling depressed... channelled [his] fear and frustration and self-loathing into a piece of music." This early draft did not yet have a title or chorus melody, but did contain a structural outline and theme. After Bono had reworked the lyrics, the band recorded the song at Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin.


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Question: whos is this?

Answer: David Howell Evans

Explanation: David Howell Evans

The Edge [SEP] Introduction

David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961), better known by his stage name the Edge (or simply Edge), is a British-born Irish musician and songwriter best known as the lead guitarist, keyboardist, and backing vocalist of the rock band U2. A member of the group since its inception, he has recorded 14 studio albums with them as well as one solo record. The Edge's understated style of guitar playing, a signature of U2's music, is distinguished by chiming timbres, use of rhythmic delay, drone notes, harmonics, and an extensive use of effects units. The Edge was born in England to a Welsh family, and was raised in Ireland after the Evans family moved there.


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Question: is he part of a band?

Answer: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Explanation: backing vocalist of the rock band U2

The Edge [SEP] Introduction


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Question: so this was a song that he wrote?

Answer: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Explanation: and lyric written by the Edge


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Context: so this was a song that he wrote?

Context: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Question: has he written anything else?

Answer: Theme song for "The Batman"

Explanation: "The Batman"

The Edge [SEP] Other musical pursuits

In addition to his regular role within U2, the Edge has also recorded with such artists as Johnny Cash, B. B. King, Tina Turner, Ronnie Wood, Jah Wobble, Holger Czukay, Jay-Z, and Rihanna. The Edge connected with Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois collaborator Michael Brook (the creator of the infinite guitar, which he regularly uses), working with him on the score to the film "Captive" (1986). From this soundtrack the song "Heroine", the vocal of which was sung by a young Sinéad O'Connor was released as a single. He also created the theme song for season one and two of "The Batman".


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Context: so this was a song that he wrote?

Context: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Context: has he written anything else?

Context: Theme song for "The Batman"

Question: what genre of music do the band play?

Answer: Rock music

Explanation: rock band

U2 [SEP] Introduction

U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's effects-based guitar textures. Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career. The band formed as teenagers while attending Mount Temple Comprehensive School, when they had limited musical proficiency.


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Context: so this was a song that he wrote?

Context: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Context: has he written anything else?

Context: Theme song for "The Batman"

Context: what genre of music do the band play?

Context: Rock music

Question: who composed the original song?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

U2 [SEP] Introduction


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Context: so this was a song that he wrote?

Context: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Context: has he written anything else?

Context: Theme song for "The Batman"

Context: what genre of music do the band play?

Context: Rock music

Context: who composed the original song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where were their concerts held?

Answer: National Stadium in Dublin

U2 [SEP] Formation and early years (1976–1980)

The same day, U2 played a show at the 2,000-seat National Stadium in Dublin as part of an Irish tour. Despite their gamble of booking a concert in such a large venue, the move paid off. Bill Stewart, an A&R representative for Island Records, was in attendance and offered to sign them to the label. The following month, the band signed a four-year, four-album contract with Island, which included a £50,000 advance and £50,000 in tour support.


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Context: so this was a song that he wrote?

Context: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Context: has he written anything else?

Context: Theme song for "The Batman"

Context: what genre of music do the band play?

Context: Rock music

Context: who composed the original song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where were their concerts held?

Context: National Stadium in Dublin

Question: was there a music video?

Answer: Although a promotional music video had not been produced for the original release, the band used footage from a 5 June 1983 live performance filmed for the concert film

Sunday Bloody Sunday [SEP] Music video

Although a promotional music video had not been produced for the original release, the band used footage from a 5 June 1983 live performance filmed for the concert film "" to promote the song. Directed by Gavin Taylor, the video displays Bono's use of a white flag during performances of the song. The video highlights the intensity and emotion felt by many audience members during U2's concerts, while the rainy, torch-lit setting in Colorado's Red Rocks Amphitheatre further adds to the atmosphere. In 2004, "Rolling Stone" cited the performance as one "50 Moments that Changed the History of Rock and Roll" and noted that "the sight of Bono singing the anti-violence anthem 'Sunday Bloody Sunday' while waving a white flag through crimson mist (created by a combination of wet weather, hot lights and the illumination of those crags) became the defining image of U2's warrior-rock spirit and—shown in heavy rotation on MTV—broke the band nationwide."


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Context: so this was a song that he wrote?

Context: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Context: has he written anything else?

Context: Theme song for "The Batman"

Context: what genre of music do the band play?

Context: Rock music

Context: who composed the original song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where were their concerts held?

Context: National Stadium in Dublin

Context: was there a music video?

Context: Although a promotional music video had not been produced for the original release, the band used footage from a 5 June 1983 live performance filmed for the concert film

Question: when was the song released?

Answer: 21 March 1983

Explanation: 21 March 1983 in the Netherlands and West Germany. "Sunday Bloody Sunday" i

Sunday Bloody Sunday [SEP] Introduction


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Context: so this was a song that he wrote?

Context: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Context: has he written anything else?

Context: Theme song for "The Batman"

Context: what genre of music do the band play?

Context: Rock music

Context: who composed the original song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where were their concerts held?

Context: National Stadium in Dublin

Context: was there a music video?

Context: when was the song released?

Context: 21 March 1983

Question: how was it received?

Answer: Critical reception to the song was positive.

Sunday Bloody Sunday [SEP] Reception

Critical reception to the song was positive. In the Irish magazine "Hot Press", Liam Mackey wrote that "Sunday Bloody Sunday" "takes the widescreen view...a powerful riff and machine-gun drumming [is] crisscrossed by skipping violin." Denise Sullivan commented for "Allmusic" that Mullen's opening drumwork "helps set the tone for the unforgiving, take-no-prisoners feel of the song, as well as for the rest of the album."


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Context: so this was a song that he wrote?

Context: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Context: has he written anything else?

Context: Theme song for "The Batman"

Context: what genre of music do the band play?

Context: Rock music

Context: who composed the original song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where were their concerts held?

Context: National Stadium in Dublin

Context: was there a music video?

Context: when was the song released?

Context: 21 March 1983

Context: how was it received?

Context: Critical reception to the song was positive.

Question: what reference did it have to culture?

Answer: In 1997, a scheduled U2 concert at Montreal's Olympic Stadium conflicted with an unexpected home playoff game between the Canadian Football League's Montreal Alouettes and British Columbia Lions.

Sunday Bloody Sunday [SEP] In popular culture

In 1997, a scheduled U2 concert at Montreal's Olympic Stadium conflicted with an unexpected home playoff game between the Canadian Football League's Montreal Alouettes and British Columbia Lions. As a result, the team opted to move the game to Percival Molson Stadium at McGill University. The Alouettes struggled with attendance issues at Olympic Stadium upon returning in 1996 and were on the verge of contraction. When the team announced they were playing the game at McGill, interest in the team soared and the game sold out. The success prompted the team to relocate permanently to the smaller venue the following season.


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Context: so this was a song that he wrote?

Context: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Context: has he written anything else?

Context: Theme song for "The Batman"

Context: what genre of music do the band play?

Context: Rock music

Context: who composed the original song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where were their concerts held?

Context: National Stadium in Dublin

Context: was there a music video?

Context: when was the song released?

Context: 21 March 1983

Context: how was it received?

Context: what reference did it have to culture?

Context: In 1997, a scheduled U2 concert at Montreal's Olympic Stadium conflicted with an unexpected home playoff game between the Canadian Football League's Montreal Alouettes and British Columbia Lions.

Question: which other songs have been made by this band?

Answer: "With or Without You" and "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For".

U2 [SEP] Introduction

Within four years, they signed with Island Records and released their debut album, "Boy" (1980). Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album, "War" (1983), and the singles "Sunday Bloody Sunday" and "Pride (In the Name of Love)" helped establish U2's reputation as a politically and socially conscious group. By the mid-1980s, they had become renowned globally for their live act, highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985. The group's fifth album, "The Joshua Tree" (1987), made them international superstars and was their greatest critical and commercial success. Topping music charts around the world, it produced their only number-one singles in the US to date: "With or Without You" and "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For".


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Context: so this was a song that he wrote?

Context: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Context: has he written anything else?

Context: Theme song for "The Batman"

Context: what genre of music do the band play?

Context: Rock music

Context: who composed the original song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where were their concerts held?

Context: National Stadium in Dublin

Context: was there a music video?

Context: when was the song released?

Context: 21 March 1983

Context: how was it received?

Context: what reference did it have to culture?

Context: which other songs have been made by this band?

Context: "With or Without You" and "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For".

Question: which was their debut album?

Answer: "Boy"

Explanation: "Boy"

U2 [SEP] Introduction


Context: who wrote it?

Context: The Edge

Context: whos is this?

Context: David Howell Evans

Context: is he part of a band?

Context: Yes, he is part of the rock band U2

Context: so this was a song that he wrote?

Context: Yes, it's written by the Edge

Context: has he written anything else?

Context: Theme song for "The Batman"

Context: what genre of music do the band play?

Context: Rock music

Context: who composed the original song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where were their concerts held?

Context: National Stadium in Dublin

Context: was there a music video?

Context: when was the song released?

Context: 21 March 1983

Context: how was it received?

Context: what reference did it have to culture?

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Boy"

Question: where are they from?

Answer: Dublin

Explanation: Dublin,

U2 [SEP] Introduction


Question: the process of natural selection principles and applications

Answer: It is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

Natural selection [SEP] Introduction

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations. Charles Darwin popularised the term "natural selection", contrasting it with artificial selection, which in his view is intentional, whereas natural selection is not. Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and their offspring can inherit such mutations. Throughout the lives of the individuals, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits.


Context: the process of natural selection principles and applications

Context: It is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

Question: what does this selection refers to?

Answer: A mechanism of evolution.

Explanation: It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations.

Natural selection [SEP] Introduction


Context: what does this selection refers to?

Context: A mechanism of evolution.

Question: what do you mean by this last term?

Answer: It is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

Evolution [SEP] Introduction

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes that are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Different characteristics tend to exist within any given population as a result of mutation, genetic recombination and other sources of genetic variation. Evolution occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection (including sexual selection) and genetic drift act on this variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more common or rare within a population. It is this process of evolution that has given rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms and molecules.


Context: what does this selection refers to?

Context: A mechanism of evolution.

Context: what do you mean by this last term?

Context: It is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

Question: is there is any specific theory related to the previous selection process?

Answer: Yes, Darwin's theory.

Natural selection [SEP] Darwin's theory

In 1859, Charles Darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. He defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved". The concept was simple but powerful: individuals best adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce. As long as there is some variation between them and that variation is heritable, there will be an inevitable selection of individuals with the most advantageous variations. If the variations are heritable, then differential reproductive success leads to a progressive evolution of particular populations of a species, and populations that evolve to be sufficiently different eventually become different species.


Context: what does this selection refers to?

Context: A mechanism of evolution.

Context: what do you mean by this last term?

Context: is there is any specific theory related to the previous selection process?

Context: Yes, Darwin's theory.

Question: what is stated in this theory?

Answer: He defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".

Explanation: . He defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".

Natural selection [SEP] Darwin's theory


Context: what does this selection refers to?

Context: A mechanism of evolution.

Context: what do you mean by this last term?

Context: Yes, Darwin's theory.

Context: what is stated in this theory?

Context: He defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".

Question: who was this above person you previously mentioned?

Answer: He was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

Explanation: Charles Robert Darwin (; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. H

Charles Darwin [SEP] Introduction

Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's conception of gradual geological change, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.


Context: what does this selection refers to?

Context: A mechanism of evolution.

Context: what do you mean by this last term?

Context: Yes, Darwin's theory.

Context: what is stated in this theory?

Context: who was this above person you previously mentioned?

Context: He was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

Question: has he written any book?

Answer: "The Voyage of the Beagle", "On the Origin of Species", "The Descent of Man","The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals", " The Power of Movement in Plants" and others.

Charles Darwin [SEP] Works

Darwin was a prolific writer. Even without publication of his works on evolution, he would have had a considerable reputation as the author of "The Voyage of the Beagle", as a geologist who had published extensively on South America and had solved the puzzle of the formation of coral atolls, and as a biologist who had published the definitive work on barnacles. While "On the Origin of Species" dominates perceptions of his work, "The Descent of Man" and "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" had considerable impact, and his books on plants including "The Power of Movement in Plants" were innovative studies of great importance, as was his final work on "The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms".


Context: what does this selection refers to?

Context: A mechanism of evolution.

Context: what do you mean by this last term?

Context: Yes, Darwin's theory.

Context: what is stated in this theory?

Context: has he written any book?

Context: "The Voyage of the Beagle", "On the Origin of Species", "The Descent of Man","The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals", " The Power of Movement in Plants" and others.

Question: what does this first book deals with?

Answer: It is a vivid travel memoir as well as a detailed scientific field journal covering biology, geology, and anthropology.

Explanation: The book is a vivid travel memoir as well as a detailed scientific field journal covering biology, geology, and anthropology that demonstrates Darwin's keen powers of observation, written at a time when Western Europeans were exploring and charting the whole world.

The Voyage of the Beagle [SEP] Introduction

Although Darwin revisited some areas during the expedition, for clarity the chapters of the book are ordered by reference to places and locations rather than by date. Darwin's notes made during the voyage include comments hinting at his changing views on the fixity of species. On his return, he wrote the book based on these notes, at a time when he was first developing his theories of evolution through common descent and natural selection. The book includes some suggestions of his ideas, particularly in the second edition of 1845.


Context: what does this selection refers to?

Context: A mechanism of evolution.

Context: what do you mean by this last term?

Context: Yes, Darwin's theory.

Context: what is stated in this theory?

Context: has he written any book?

Context: what does this first book deals with?

Context: It is a vivid travel memoir as well as a detailed scientific field journal covering biology, geology, and anthropology.

Question: can you name some places he visited during this travel?

Answer: St Jago in Cape Verde, Brazil and other places.

Charles Darwin [SEP] Survey voyage on HMS "Beagle"

Despite suffering badly from seasickness, Darwin wrote copious notes while on board the ship. Most of his zoology notes are about marine invertebrates, starting with plankton collected in a calm spell. On their first stop ashore at St Jago in Cape Verde, Darwin found that a white band high in the volcanic rock cliffs included seashells. FitzRoy had given him the first volume of Charles Lyell's "Principles of Geology", which set out uniformitarian concepts of land slowly rising or falling over immense periods, and Darwin saw things Lyell's way, theorising and thinking of writing a book on geology. When they reached Brazil, Darwin was delighted by the tropical forest, but detested the sight of slavery, and disputed this issue with Fitzroy.


Context: what does this selection refers to?

Context: A mechanism of evolution.

Context: what do you mean by this last term?

Context: Yes, Darwin's theory.

Context: what is stated in this theory?

Context: has he written any book?

Context: what does this first book deals with?

Context: can you name some places he visited during this travel?

Context: St Jago in Cape Verde, Brazil and other places.

Question: from where did the last term of your previous answer originate?

Answer: From the combining forms of the Greek words "ánthrōpos" (, "human") and "lógos" (, "study").

Anthropology [SEP] Origin and development of the term

The abstract noun "anthropology" is first attested in reference to history. Its present use first appeared in Renaissance Germany in the works of Magnus Hundt and Otto Casmann. Their New Latin ' derived from the combining forms of the Greek words "ánthrōpos" (, "human") and "lógos" (, "study"). (Its adjectival form appeared in the works of Aristotle.) It began to be used in English, possibly via French ', by the early 18th century.


Context: what does this selection refers to?

Context: A mechanism of evolution.

Context: what do you mean by this last term?

Context: Yes, Darwin's theory.

Context: what is stated in this theory?

Context: has he written any book?

Context: what does this first book deals with?

Context: from where did the last term of your previous answer originate?

Context: From the combining forms of the Greek words "ánthrōpos" (, "human") and "lógos" (, "study").

Question: is it considered having common traits with any other field of study?

Answer: Cultural anthropology , social anthropology, and others.

Anthropology [SEP] Sociocultural

Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principle axes of cultural anthropology and social anthropology. Cultural anthropology is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people "make sense" of the world around them, while social anthropology is the study of the "relationships" among individuals and groups. Cultural anthropology is more related to philosophy, literature and the arts (how one's culture affects the experience for self and group, contributing to a more complete understanding of the people's knowledge, customs, and institutions), while social anthropology is more related to sociology and history. In that, it helps develop an understanding of social structures, typically of others and other populations (such as minorities, subgroups, dissidents, etc.).


Context: what does this selection refers to?

Context: A mechanism of evolution.

Context: what do you mean by this last term?

Context: Yes, Darwin's theory.

Context: what is stated in this theory?

Context: has he written any book?

Context: what does this first book deals with?

Context: is it considered having common traits with any other field of study?

Context: Cultural anthropology , social anthropology, and others.

Question: what is the formal one?

Answer: It is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people "make sense" of the world around them.

Explanation: Cultural anthropology is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people "make sense" of the world around them

Anthropology [SEP] Sociocultural


Context: what does this selection refers to?

Context: A mechanism of evolution.

Context: what do you mean by this last term?

Context: Yes, Darwin's theory.

Context: what is stated in this theory?

Context: has he written any book?

Context: what does this first book deals with?

Context: what is the formal one?

Context: It is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people "make sense" of the world around them.

Question: and how it differs from the latter one?

Answer: While the former is more related to philosophy, literature and the arts , the latter is more related to sociology and history.

Explanation: Cultural anthropology is more related to philosophy, literature and the arts (how one's culture affects the experience for self and group, contributing to a more complete understanding of the people's knowledge, customs, and institutions), while social anthropology is more related to sociology and history.

Anthropology [SEP] Sociocultural