Context: Phenotypic trait or adaptive trait

Context: what does the term adaptation refer to?

Context: what does the first trait mean?

Context: what philosophical issues did it face?

Context: what is its origin?

Context: what is his opinion about dreams?

Context: what are his views on women?

Context: what 5 elements does he discuss about?

Context: what does this second philosopher say about love and strife?

Context: According to Burnet: "Empedokles sometimes gave an efficient power to Love and Strife, and sometimes put them on a level with the other four. The fragments leave no room for doubt that they were thought of as spatial and corporeal. ... Love is said to be "equal in length and breadth"

Question: has he written any other works?

Answer: Yes, "Purifications", poem "On Nature"

Empedocles [SEP] "Purifications"

In the old editions of Empedocles, only about 100 lines were typically ascribed to his "Purifications", which was taken to be a poem about ritual purification, or the poem that contained all his religious and ethical thought. Early editors supposed that it was a poem that offered a mythical account of the world which may, nevertheless, have been part of Empedocles' philosophical system. According to Diogenes Laërtius it began with the following verses: Friends who inhabit the mighty town by tawny Acragas which crowns the citadel, caring for good deeds, greetings; I, an immortal God, no longer mortal, wander among you, honoured by all, adorned with holy diadems and blooming garlands.


Context: which of the following is essential for a trait to be an adaptation

Context: Phenotypic trait or adaptive trait

Context: what does the term adaptation refer to?

Context: n biology, adaptation has three related meanings; Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness, Secondly, it is a state reached by the population during that process, Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism

Context: what does the first trait mean?

Context: A phenotypic trait is an obvious, observable, and measurable trait; it is the expression of genes in an observable way.

Context: what philosophical issues did it face?

Context: Adaptation raises philosophical issues concerning how biologists speak of function and purpose, as this carries implications of evolutionary history – that a feature evolved by natural selection for a specific reason – and potentially of supernatural intervention – that features and organisms exist because of a deity's conscious intentions.

Context: what is its origin?

Context: Historically, adaptation has been described from the time of the ancient Greek philosophers such as Empedocles and Aristotle

Context: who is the philosopher latter mentioned?

Context: A Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece.

Context: what is his opinion about dreams?

Context: He claimed that dreams are not foretelling and not sent by a divine being.

Context: what are his views on women?

Context: Aristotle's analysis of procreation describes an active, ensouling masculine element bringing life to an inert, passive female element.

Context: what 5 elements does he discuss about?

Context: Aristotle related each of the four elements proposed earlier by Empedocles, Earth, Water, Air, and Fire

Context: has he written any other works?

Context: Yes, "Purifications", poem "On Nature"

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily

Empedocles [SEP] Introduction

Empedocles (; , "Empedoklēs"; , fl. 444–443 BC) was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a native citizen of Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for originating the cosmogonic theory of the four classical elements. He also proposed forces he called Love and Strife which would mix and separate the elements, respectively. Influenced by Pythagoras (died c. 495 BC) and the Pythagoreans, Empedocles challenged the practice of animal sacrifice and killing animals for food. He developed a distinctive doctrine of reincarnation. He is generally considered the last Greek philosopher to have recorded his ideas in verse.


Context: Phenotypic trait or adaptive trait

Context: what does the term adaptation refer to?

Context: what does the first trait mean?

Context: what philosophical issues did it face?

Context: what is its origin?

Context: what is his opinion about dreams?

Context: what are his views on women?

Context: what 5 elements does he discuss about?

Context: has he written any other works?

Context: Yes, "Purifications", poem "On Nature"

Context: where was he born?

Context: Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily

Question: how is flora and fauna in the city mentioned?

Answer: Flora such as he Hundred Horse Chestnut , in Sant'Alfio, and Fauna such as red fox, least weasel, pine marten, roe deer

Sicily [SEP] Flora and fauna

The Hundred Horse Chestnut (Castagno dei Cento Cavalli), in Sant'Alfio, on the eastern slopes of Mount Etna, is the largest and oldest known chestnut tree in the world at 2,000 – 4,000 years old. Sicily has a wide variety of fauna. Species include red fox, least weasel, pine marten, roe deer, girgentana, wild boar, crested porcupine, European hedgehog, common toad, "Vipera aspis", golden eagle, peregrine falcon, Eurasian hoopoe and black-winged stilt. The Zingaro Natural Reserve is one of the best examples of unspoiled coastal wilderness in Sicily.


Context: Phenotypic trait or adaptive trait

Context: what does the term adaptation refer to?

Context: what does the first trait mean?

Context: what philosophical issues did it face?

Context: what is its origin?

Context: what is his opinion about dreams?

Context: what are his views on women?

Context: what 5 elements does he discuss about?

Context: has he written any other works?

Context: Yes, "Purifications", poem "On Nature"

Context: where was he born?

Context: Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily

Context: how is flora and fauna in the city mentioned?

Context: Flora such as he Hundred Horse Chestnut , in Sant'Alfio, and Fauna such as red fox, least weasel, pine marten, roe deer

Question: what crops do they cultivate?

Answer: Wheat, citrons, oranges, lemons, tomatoes

Sicily [SEP] Agriculture

Sicily has long been noted for its fertile soil due to volcanic eruptions. The local agriculture is also helped by the pleasant climate of the island. The main agricultural products are wheat, citrons, oranges "(Arancia Rossa di Sicilia IGP)", lemons, tomatoes "(Pomodoro di Pachino IGP)", olives, olive oil, artichokes, prickly pear "(Fico d'India dell'Etna DOP)", almonds, grapes, pistachios "(Pistacchio di Bronte DOP)" and wine. Cattle and sheep are raised. The cheese productions are particularly important thanks to the Ragusano DOP and the Pecorino Siciliano DOP. Ragusa is noted for its honey ("Miele Ibleo") and chocolate ("Cioccolato di Modica IGP") productions.


Context: Phenotypic trait or adaptive trait

Context: what does the term adaptation refer to?

Context: what does the first trait mean?

Context: what philosophical issues did it face?

Context: what is its origin?

Context: what is his opinion about dreams?

Context: what are his views on women?

Context: what 5 elements does he discuss about?

Context: has he written any other works?

Context: Yes, "Purifications", poem "On Nature"

Context: where was he born?

Context: Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily

Context: what crops do they cultivate?

Context: Wheat, citrons, oranges, lemons, tomatoes

Question: what special food can we eat in this place?

Answer: Biscotti Regina, giurgiulena, frutta martorana, cassata

Sicily [SEP] Cuisine

The most well-known part of Sicilian cuisine is the rich sweet dishes including ice creams and pastries. Cannoli (singular: "cannolo"), a tube-shaped shell of fried pastry dough filled with a sweet filling usually containing ricotta, is strongly associated with Sicily worldwide. Biancomangiare, biscotti ennesi (cookies native to Enna), braccilatte (a Sicilian version of doughnuts), buccellato, ciarduna, pignoli, Biscotti Regina, giurgiulena, frutta martorana, cassata, pignolata, granita, cuccidati (a variety of fig cookie; also known as buccellati) and cuccìa are some notable sweet dishes. Like the cuisine of the rest of southern Italy, pasta plays an important part in Sicilian cuisine, as does rice; for example with arancine.


Context: Phenotypic trait or adaptive trait

Context: what does the term adaptation refer to?

Context: what does the first trait mean?

Context: what philosophical issues did it face?

Context: what is its origin?

Context: what is his opinion about dreams?

Context: what are his views on women?

Context: what 5 elements does he discuss about?

Context: has he written any other works?

Context: Yes, "Purifications", poem "On Nature"

Context: where was he born?

Context: Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily

Context: what crops do they cultivate?

Context: what special food can we eat in this place?

Context: Biscotti Regina, giurgiulena, frutta martorana, cassata

Question: how is the penultimate dish prepared?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Frutta martorana [SEP] Introduction

' (also frutta di Martorana""' or, in Sicilian, ) are traditional marzipan sweets, in the form of fruits and vegetables, from the provinces of Palermo and Messina, Sicily. Realistically coloured with vegetable dyes, they are said to have originated at the Monastero della Martorana, Palermo, when nuns decorated empty fruit trees with marzipan fruit to impress an archbishop visiting at Easter. They are traditionally put by children's bedsides on All Saints' Day.


Question: who was rufus wilmot griswold?

Answer: An anthologist, editor, poet, and critic.

Rufus Wilmot Griswold [SEP] Introduction

Rufus Wilmot Griswold (February 13, 1815 – August 27, 1857) was an American anthologist, editor, poet, and critic. Born in Vermont, Griswold left home when he was 15 years old. He worked as a journalist, editor, and critic in Philadelphia, New York City, and elsewhere. He built up a strong literary reputation, in part due to his 1842 collection "The Poets and Poetry of America". This anthology, the most comprehensive of its time, included what he deemed the best examples of American poetry. He produced revised versions and similar anthologies for the remainder of his life, although many of the poets he promoted have since faded into obscurity.


Context: who was rufus wilmot griswold?

Context: An anthologist, editor, poet, and critic.

Question: who was poe?

Answer: A writer, editor, poet, and literary critic.

Edgar Allan Poe [SEP] Introduction

Edgar Allan Poe (; born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and of American literature as a whole, and he was one of the country's earliest practitioners of the short story. He is also generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre and is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction.


Context: who was rufus wilmot griswold?

Context: who was poe?

Context: A writer, editor, poet, and literary critic.

Question: was there anything particular about the relationship between the two men?

Answer: Though in the beginning both enjoyed a cordial relationship with Griswold publishing Poe's poems and the latter writing a favourable critical review for the former, later it was strained due to various factors.

Explanation: Griswold first met Edgar Allan Poe in Philadelphia in May 1841 while working for the "Daily Standard". At the outset, their relationship was cordial, at least superficially. In a letter dated March 29, 1841, Poe sent Griswold several poems for "The Poets and Poetry of America" anthology, writing that he would be proud to see "one or two of them in the book". Griswold included three of these poems: "Coliseum", "The Haunted Palace", and "The Sleeper". In November of that year, Poe, who had previously praised Griswold in his "Autography" series as "a gentleman of fine taste and sound judgment", wrote a critical review of the anthology, on Griswold's behalf. Griswold paid Poe for the review and used his influence to have it published in a Boston periodical. The review was generally favorable, although Poe questioned the inclusion of certain authors and the omission of others. Poe also said that Griswold "unduly favored" New England writers. Griswold had expected more praise and Poe private

Rufus Wilmot Griswold [SEP] Relationship with Poe


Context: who was rufus wilmot griswold?

Context: who was poe?

Context: was there anything particular about the relationship between the two men?

Context: Though in the beginning both enjoyed a cordial relationship with Griswold publishing Poe's poems and the latter writing a favourable critical review for the former, later it was strained due to various factors.

Question: did the second person have any other interests apart from literature?

Answer: Yes, in cryptography.

Edgar Allan Poe [SEP] Cryptography

Poe had a keen interest in cryptography. He had placed a notice of his abilities in the Philadelphia paper "Alexander's Weekly (Express) Messenger", inviting submissions of ciphers which he proceeded to solve. In July 1841, Poe had published an essay called "A Few Words on Secret Writing" in "Graham's Magazine". Capitalizing on public interest in the topic, he wrote "The Gold-Bug" incorporating ciphers as an essential part of the story. Poe's success with cryptography relied not so much on his deep knowledge of that field (his method was limited to the simple substitution cryptogram) as on his knowledge of the magazine and newspaper culture.


Context: who was rufus wilmot griswold?

Context: who was poe?

Context: did the second person have any other interests apart from literature?

Context: Yes, in cryptography.

Question: does he find any mention in first person's memoir?

Answer: Yes, he is depicted as a depraved ,drunken, drug-addicted madman there.

Explanation: Griswold wrote a biographical article of Poe called "Memoir of the Author", which he included in an 1850 volume of the collected works. There he depicted Poe as a depraved, drunken, drug-addled madman and included Poe's letters as evidence

Edgar Allan Poe [SEP] Griswold's "Memoir"

For example, it is seriously disputed that Poe really was a drug addict. Griswold's book was denounced by those who knew Poe well, including John Neal, who published an article defending Poe and attacking Griswold as “a Rhadamanthus, who is not to be bilked of his fee, a thimble-full of newspaper notoriety.” Griswold's book nevertheless became a popularly accepted biographical source. This occurred in part because it was the only full biography available and was widely reprinted, and in part because readers thrilled at the thought of reading works by an "evil" man. Letters that Griswold presented as proof were later revealed to be forgeries.


Context: who was rufus wilmot griswold?

Context: who was poe?

Context: Yes, in cryptography.

Context: does he find any mention in first person's memoir?

Context: Yes, he is depicted as a depraved ,drunken, drug-addicted madman there.

Question: is any of his house preserved?

Answer: Yes, his Baltimore home is now the Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum.

Explanation:
3 West Range is the dorm room that Poe is believed to have used while studying at the University of Virginia in 1826; it is preserved and available for visits. Its upkeep is now overseen by a group of students and staff known as the Raven Society.

The earliest surviving home in which Poe lived is in Baltimore, preserved as the Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum.

Edgar Allan Poe [SEP] Preserved homes, landmarks, and museums

Poe's final home is preserved as the Edgar Allan Poe Cottage in the Bronx. In Boston, a commemorative plaque on Boylston Street is several blocks away from the actual location of Poe's birth. The house which was his birthplace at 62 Carver Street no longer exists; also, the street has since been renamed "Charles Street South". A "square" at the intersection of Broadway, Fayette, and Carver Streets had once been named in his honor, but it disappeared when the streets were rearranged. In 2009, the intersection of Charles and Boylston Streets (two blocks north of his birthplace) was designated "Edgar Allan Poe Square".


Context: who was rufus wilmot griswold?

Context: who was poe?

Context: Yes, in cryptography.

Context: is any of his house preserved?

Context: Yes, his Baltimore home is now the Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum.

Question: which works were written in this house?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

No childhood home of Poe is still standing, including the Allan family's Moldavia estate. The oldest standing home in Richmond, the Old Stone House, is in use as the Edgar Allan Poe Museum, though Poe never lived there. The collection includes many items that Poe used during his time with the Allan family, and also features several rare first printings of Poe works. 13 West Range is the dorm room that Poe is believed to have used while studying at the University of Virginia in 1826; it is preserved and available for visits. Its upkeep is now overseen by a group of students and staff known as the Raven Society.


Context: who was rufus wilmot griswold?

Context: who was poe?

Context: Yes, in cryptography.

Context: is any of his house preserved?

Context: which works were written in this house?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is the place associated with any popular culture?

Answer: In season 3 of the Telltale Games video game version of "The Walking Dead", one house in the Prescott camp is a visual homage to the Poe House.

Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum [SEP] Poe House in popular culture

In the opening scene of season 3, episode 2 "All Due Respect," of the HBO series "The Wire", two low-level members of the Barksdale Gang recall how one was once approached by a white tourist asking him if he knew the location of the "Poe House". Misunderstanding, he replies "Look around, take your pick!" "The Wire" chronicles the activities of the fictional Barksdale Organization based in west Baltimore, where the Poe House is located. In season 3 of the Telltale Games video game version of "The Walking Dead", one house in the Prescott camp is a visual homage to the Poe House.


Context: who was rufus wilmot griswold?

Context: who was poe?

Context: Yes, in cryptography.

Context: is any of his house preserved?

Context: which works were written in this house?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the place associated with any popular culture?

Context: In season 3 of the Telltale Games video game version of "The Walking Dead", one house in the Prescott camp is a visual homage to the Poe House.

Question: when was the house built?

Answer: In 1830.

Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum [SEP] History

The brick home, then numbered 3 Amity St., and now numbered 203 North Amity Street, is assumed to have been built in 1830 and rented by Poe's aunt Maria Clemm in 1832. Clemm was joined in the home by her ailing mother, Elizabeth Cairnes Poe, and her daughter Virginia Clemm. Edgar Allan Poe moved in with the family in 1833 around the age of 23, after leaving West Point. Virginia was 10 years old at the time; Poe would marry her three years later, though their only public ceremony was in 1836. Poe lived in the house from about 1833 to 1835.


Context: who was rufus wilmot griswold?

Context: who was poe?

Context: Yes, in cryptography.

Context: is any of his house preserved?

Context: which works were written in this house?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the house built?

Context: In 1830.

Question: where is it located?

Answer: At 203 North Amity St. in Baltimore, Maryland.

Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum [SEP] Introduction

The Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum, located at 203 North Amity St. in Baltimore, Maryland, is the former home of American writer Edgar Allan Poe in the 1830s. The small unassuming structure, which was opened as a writer's house museum in 1949, is a typical row home. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972. Due to a loss of funding by the city of Baltimore, the Museum closed to the public in October 2012. Poe Baltimore, the Museum's new governing body, reopened the Museum to the public on October 5, 2013.The house is the site for the International Edgar Allan Poe Festival & Awards, held in October of each year.


Context: who was rufus wilmot griswold?

Context: who was poe?

Context: Yes, in cryptography.

Context: is any of his house preserved?

Context: which works were written in this house?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the house built?

Context: In 1830.

Context: where is it located?

Context: At 203 North Amity St. in Baltimore, Maryland.

Question: what is poe baltimore?

Answer: A non-profit organization that acts as the governing and operating body of the museum.

Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum [SEP] Poe Baltimore

In 2013, a new non-profit organization, Poe Baltimore, was established to serve as the Museum's new governing body and operate the Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum. Poe Baltimore's Mission Statement includes that the organization "...was created to fund, maintain and interpret The Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum, and to celebrate the legacy of one of Baltimore's most famous residents. We are dedicated to maintaining the museum as a vibrant experience for the thousands of visitors who come from around the world each year, and as part of a broader mission of city-wide events and educational opportunities..." Poe Baltimore reopened the Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum to the public on October 5, 2013.


Question: which country did samuel adams belong to?

Answer: United States of America.

Samuel Adams [SEP] Introduction

Samuel Adams ( – October 2, 1803) was an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts, a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States. He was a second cousin to his fellow Founding Father, President John Adams. Adams was born in Boston, brought up in a religious and politically active family. A graduate of Harvard College, he was an unsuccessful businessman and tax collector before concentrating on politics.


Context: which country did samuel adams belong to?

Context: United States of America.

Question: what are the different acts he has been associated with?

Answer: The Sugar Act, the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts.

Samuel Adams [SEP] Sugar Act

The first step in the new program was the Sugar Act of 1764, which Adams saw as an infringement of longstanding colonial rights. Colonists were not represented in Parliament, he argued, and therefore they could not be taxed by that body; the colonists were represented by the colonial assemblies, and only they could levy taxes upon them. Adams expressed these views in May 1764, when the Boston Town Meeting elected its representatives to the Massachusetts House. As was customary, the town meeting provided the representatives with a set of written instructions, which Adams was selected to write. Adams highlighted what he perceived to be the dangers of taxation without representation: For if our Trade may be taxed, why not our Lands? Why not the Produce of our Lands & everything we possess or make use of? This we apprehend annihilates our Charter Right to govern & tax ourselves.


Context: United States of America.

Context: what are the different acts he has been associated with?

Context: The Sugar Act, the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts.

Question: what issue was the act formulated for?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Samuel Adams [SEP] Sugar Act


Context: United States of America.

Context: what issue was the act formulated for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how did this affect the american colonies?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Samuel Adams [SEP] Sugar Act


Context: United States of America.

Context: what issue was the act formulated for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how did this affect the american colonies?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did he have a significant role in american history?

Answer: Yes, he is regarded as one of the foremost leaders of the American Revolution.

Samuel Adams [SEP] Legacy

Samuel Adams is a controversial figure in American history. Disagreement about his significance and reputation began before his death and continues to the present. Adams's contemporaries, both friends and foes, regarded him as one of the foremost leaders of the American Revolution. Thomas Jefferson, for example, characterized Adams as "truly the "Man of the Revolution"." Leaders in other colonies were compared to him; Cornelius Harnett was called the "Samuel Adams of North Carolina", Charles Thomson the "Samuel Adams of Philadelphia", and Christopher Gadsden the "Sam Adams of the South". When John Adams traveled to France during the Revolution, he had to explain that he was not Samuel, "the famous Adams".


Context: United States of America.

Context: what issue was the act formulated for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he have a significant role in american history?

Context: Yes, he is regarded as one of the foremost leaders of the American Revolution.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Boston, Massachusetts.

Samuel Adams [SEP] Early life

Samuel Adams was born in Boston in the British colony of Massachusetts on September 16, 1722, an Old Style date that is sometimes converted to the New Style date of September 27. Adams was one of twelve children born to Samuel Adams, Sr., and Mary (Fifield) Adams in an age of high infant mortality; only three of these children lived past their third birthday. Adams's parents were devout Puritans and members of the Old South Congregational Church. The family lived on Purchase Street in Boston. Adams was proud of his Puritan heritage, and emphasized Puritan values in his political career, especially virtue.


Context: United States of America.

Context: what issue was the act formulated for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was he born?

Context: Boston, Massachusetts.

Question: who colonized the city mentioned above?

Answer: The British.

Explanation: Samuel Adams was born in Boston in the British colony of Massachusetts on September 16,

Samuel Adams [SEP] Early life


Context: United States of America.

Context: what issue was the act formulated for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was he born?

Context: Boston, Massachusetts.

Context: who colonized the city mentioned above?

Context: The British.

Question: what are some of the religions practiced there?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Samuel Adams [SEP] Early life


Context: United States of America.

Context: what issue was the act formulated for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was he born?

Context: Boston, Massachusetts.

Context: who colonized the city mentioned above?

Context: The British.

Context: what are some of the religions practiced there?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are some parks found in this city?

Answer: Boston Common, Boston Public Garden and Franklin Park.

Boston [SEP] Parks and recreation

Boston Common, near the Financial District and Beacon Hill, is the oldest public park in the United States. Along with the adjacent Boston Public Garden, it is part of the Emerald Necklace, a string of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted to encircle the city. The Emerald Necklace includes Jamaica Pond, Boston's largest body of freshwater, and Franklin Park, the city's largest park and home of the Franklin Park Zoo. Another major park is the Esplanade, along the banks of the Charles River. The Hatch Shell, an outdoor concert venue, is adjacent to the Charles River Esplanade. Other parks are scattered throughout the city, with major parks and beaches near Castle Island, in Charlestown and along the Dorchester, South Boston, and East Boston shorelines.


Context: United States of America.

Context: what issue was the act formulated for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was he born?

Context: Boston, Massachusetts.

Context: who colonized the city mentioned above?

Context: The British.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some parks found in this city?

Context: Boston Common, Boston Public Garden and Franklin Park.

Question: what are some interesting sights found within the garden mentioned above?

Answer: Skating ring, ducks, swans and Swan Boats

Explanation:
During the warmer seasons, the pond is the home of a great many ducks, as well as of one or more swans. A popular tourist attraction is the Swan Boats, which began operating in 1877. For a small fee, tourists can sit on a boat ornamented with a white swan at the rear. The boat is then pedaled around the pond by a tour guide sitting within the swan.

The current pair of swans are mute swans named Romeo and Juliet after the Shakespearian couple, however, it was found that both are female.

Being no more than three feet deep at its deepest point, the pond easily freezes during the colder months. In 1879, the Boston City Council passed an order to maintain the pond for skating during the winter; today, there is an official skating rink maintained at Frog Pond on the Common, instead.

Boston Public Garden [SEP] The pond


Context: United States of America.

Context: what issue was the act formulated for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was he born?

Context: Boston, Massachusetts.

Context: who colonized the city mentioned above?

Context: The British.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some parks found in this city?

Context: what are some interesting sights found within the garden mentioned above?

Context: Skating ring, ducks, swans and Swan Boats

Question: when was this opened to the public?

Answer: 1837.

Boston Public Garden [SEP] History

The Public Garden was established in 1837, when philanthropist Horace Gray petitioned for the use of land as the first public botanical garden in the United States. By 1839, a corporation was formed, called Horace Gray and Associates, and made the "Proprietors of the Botanic Garden in Boston." The corporation was chartered with creating what is now the Boston Public Garden. Nonetheless, there was constant pressure for the land to be sold to private interests for the construction of new housing. The year that Boston's Public Garden opened, Mr. John Fottler, Sr., dubbed "the Father of Our Parks", delivered the first load of plants ever set at the gardens, from the Hon.


Context: United States of America.

Context: what issue was the act formulated for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was he born?

Context: Boston, Massachusetts.

Context: who colonized the city mentioned above?

Context: The British.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some parks found in this city?

Context: when was this opened to the public?

Question: does the above-mentioned city face any type of pollution?

Answer: Not much, between 2004 and 2013, there were only four days in which the air was unhealthy for the general public.

Boston [SEP] Pollution control

Air quality in Boston is generally very good. Between 2004 and 2013, there were only four days in which the air was unhealthy for the general public, according to the EPA. Some of the cleaner energy facilities in Boston include the Allston green district, with three ecologically compatible housing facilities. Boston is also breaking ground on multiple green affordable housing facilities to help reduce the carbon impact of the city while simultaneously making these initiatives financially available to a greater population. Boston's climate plan is updated every three years and was most recently modified in 2013. This legislature includes the Building Energy Reporting and Disclosure Ordinance, which requires the city's larger buildings to disclose their yearly energy and water use statistics and to partake in an energy assessment every five years.


Question: what is easy jet?

Answer: American Quarter Horse

Easy Jet [SEP] Introduction

Easy Jet (1967–1992) was an American Quarter Horse foaled, or born, in 1967, and was one of only two horses to have been a member of the American Quarter Horse Association (or AQHA) Hall of Fame as well as being an offspring of members. Easy Jet won the 1969 All American Futurity, the highest race for Quarter Horse racehorses, and was named World Champion Quarter Race Horse in the same year. He earned the highest speed rating awarded at the time—AAAT. After winning 27 of his 38 races in two years of racing, he retired from the race track and became a breeding stallion.


Context:
what is easy jet?
American Quarter Horse

Question: when was it born?

Answer: 1967

Easy Jet [SEP] Introduction


Context:
what is easy jet?
American Quarter Horse
when was it born?
1967

Question: is it a member of any association?

Answer: Yes, he was one of only two horses to have been a member of the American Quarter Horse Association Hall of Fame as well as being an offspring of members.

Explanation: was one of only two horses to have been a member of the American Quarter Horse Association (or AQHA) Hall of Fame as well as being an offspring of members.

Easy Jet [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is easy jet?

Context: American Quarter Horse

Context: when was it born?

Context: is it a member of any association?

Context: Yes, he was one of only two horses to have been a member of the American Quarter Horse Association Hall of Fame as well as being an offspring of members.

Question: when was it founded?

Answer: March 15, 1940

American Quarter Horse Association [SEP] History

The American Quarter Horse Association was born at a meeting on March 15, 1940, in Fort Worth, Texas. The original idea had come from articles published by Robert M. Denhardt during the 1930s about the history and characteristics of the quarter horse. In an article entitled "The Quarter Horse, Then and Now" in a 1939 "Western Horseman" magazine, Denhardt also suggested that those interested in forming a breed registry meet in Fort Worth to discuss the idea and hopefully act on the idea. About seventy-five people met in Fort Worth to discuss the proposals, with the eventual decision being to form a non-profit stock holding association in Texas to be the registry.


Context: what is easy jet?

Context: American Quarter Horse

Context: when was it born?

Context: is it a member of any association?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: March 15, 1940

Question: where is it headquartered?

Answer: Amarillo, Texas

American Quarter Horse Association [SEP] Introduction

The American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA), based in Amarillo, Texas, is an international organization dedicated to the preservation, improvement and record-keeping of the American Quarter Horse. The association sanctions many competitive events and maintains the official registry. The organization also houses the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame and Museum and sponsors educational programs. The organization was founded in 1940 in Fort Worth, Texas, and now has nearly 234,627 members, over 32,000 of whom are international.


Context: what is easy jet?

Context: American Quarter Horse

Context: when was it born?

Context: is it a member of any association?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: March 15, 1940

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Amarillo, Texas

Question: when did the horse begin its racing career?

Answer: 1969

Easy Jet [SEP] Racing career

His best speed rating was AAAT, which was the highest grade awarded at the time he was racing. Over his two-year career, he won 12 stakes races, and placed second in four and third in one. In 1969, his first official year on the track, he won the All American Futurity and eight other stakes races. In winning the All American, he led from the start on a sloppy, muddy track. His jockey, Willie Lovell, explained that he needed to do very little to win: "In the stretch, when I saw Easy Jet had it, I let him run his own race.


Context: what is easy jet?

Context: American Quarter Horse

Context: when was it born?

Context: is it a member of any association?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: March 15, 1940

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Amarillo, Texas

Context: when did the horse begin its racing career?

Question: how many awards has it won?

Answer: He was named World Champion Quarter Running Horse, Champion Quarter Running Stallion, and Champion Quarter Running Two-Year Old Colt by the AQHA

Easy Jet [SEP] Racing career

At the end of the 1969 racing season, he was named World Champion Quarter Running Horse, Champion Quarter Running Stallion, and Champion Quarter Running Two-Year Old Colt by the AQHA. He was also the highest money-earning horse and only the fourth two-year-old to be named World Champion. During his first year of racing, he started 26 times, won 22 and placed (came in second) in another three. Most two-year-old Quarter Horses race on average under five times in their first year of racing, and the average for all ages is just over five starts per year. Many people criticized Merrick for starting Easy Jet so often.


Context: what is easy jet?

Context: American Quarter Horse

Context: when was it born?

Context: is it a member of any association?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: March 15, 1940

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Amarillo, Texas

Context: how many awards has it won?

Context: He was named World Champion Quarter Running Horse, Champion Quarter Running Stallion, and Champion Quarter Running Two-Year Old Colt by the AQHA

Question: what can you tell me about the place mentioned above?

Answer: Amarillo is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Potter County

Explanation: Amarillo ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Potter County.

Amarillo, Texas [SEP] Introduction

The attractions Cadillac Ranch and Big Texan Steak Ranch are located adjacent to Interstate 40. U.S. Highway 66 also passed through the city.


Context: what is easy jet?

Context: American Quarter Horse

Context: when was it born?

Context: is it a member of any association?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: March 15, 1940

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Amarillo, Texas

Context: how many awards has it won?

Context: what can you tell me about the place mentioned above?

Context: Amarillo is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Potter County

Question: what are their major sports?

Answer: Football, hockey, baseball and basketball

Amarillo, Texas [SEP] Sports

River Road, Highland Park, and Bushland High Schools, also play football, in addition other sports. Amarillo is home to the Amarillo Gun Club, which features a variety of clay target sports including trap, skeet and 5-Stand.


Context: what is easy jet?

Context: American Quarter Horse

Context: when was it born?

Context: is it a member of any association?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: March 15, 1940

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Amarillo, Texas

Context: how many awards has it won?

Context: what are their major sports?

Context: Football, hockey, baseball and basketball

Question: can you name any educational institutes there?

Answer: Amarillo College, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, West Texas A&M University

Explanation: The higher education institutions in the city are Amarillo College, a two-year community college with over 10,000 students; Wayland Baptist University, a private university based in Plainview, has a branch campus in Amarillo; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Amarillo Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Amarillo School or Medicine and School of Health Professions and Texas Tech University at Amarillo, a branch campus of Texas Tech University that offers selected master's degree programs. West Texas A&M University, a regional university headquartered in nearby Canyon, has a campus building in downtown Amarillo.

Amarillo, Texas [SEP] Education

According to the 2000 United States Census, 20.5% of all adults over the age of 25 in Amarillo have obtained a bachelor's degree, as compared to a national average of 24.4% of adults over 25, and 79.3% of Amarillo residents over the age of 25 have earned a high school diploma, as compared to the national average of 80.4%. The higher education institutions in the city are Amarillo College, a two-year community college with over 10,000 students; Wayland Baptist University, a private university based in Plainview, has a branch campus in Amarillo; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Amarillo Jerry H.


Question: what is the money called in puerto rico

Answer: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Currencies of Puerto Rico [SEP] Introduction

In 1902, the First National Bank of Puerto Rico issued banknotes in a parallel manner. Two more series were issued until 1913. After Puerto Rico's economy and monetary system were fully integrated into the United States' economic and monetary system, the Puerto Rican dollars were redeemed for those issued by the United States Treasury. The peso and dollar have been followed by other contemporary issues, including commemorative banknotes, private currency, and a quarter coin designed with Fort San Felipe del Morro in the face.


Context:
what is the money called in puerto rico
Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Question: what are it's official language spoken there?

Answer: Spanish and English.

Puerto Rico [SEP] Languages

The official languages of the executive branch of government of Puerto Rico are Spanish and English, with Spanish being the primary language. Spanish is, and has been, the only official language of the entire Commonwealth judiciary system, despite a 1902 English-only language law. However, all official business of the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico is conducted in English. English is the primary language of less than 10% of the population. Spanish is the dominant language of business, education and daily life on the island, spoken by nearly 95% of the population. The U.S. Census Bureau's 2016 update provides the following facts: 94.3% of adults speak only Spanish at home, which compares to 5.5% who speak English, 0.2% who speak French, and 0.1% who speak another language at home.


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: what are it's official language spoken there?

Context: Spanish and English.

Question: what's special about it's environment?

Answer: It consists of the main island of Puerto Rico and various smaller islands, including Vieques, Culebra, Mona, Desecheo, and Caja de Muertos. Of these five, only Culebra and Vieques are inhabited year-round.

Puerto Rico [SEP] Environment

Puerto Rico consists of the main island of Puerto Rico and various smaller islands, including Vieques, Culebra, Mona, Desecheo, and Caja de Muertos. Of these five, only Culebra and Vieques are inhabited year-round. Mona, which has played a key role in maritime history, is uninhabited most of the year except for employees of the Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources. There are many other even smaller islets, like Monito, which is near to Mona, Isla de Cabras and La Isleta de San Juan, both located on the San Juan Bay. The latter is the only inhabited islet with communities like Old San Juan and Puerta de Tierra, and connected to the main island by bridges.


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: It consists of the main island of Puerto Rico and various smaller islands, including Vieques, Culebra, Mona, Desecheo, and Caja de Muertos. Of these five, only Culebra and Vieques are inhabited year-round.

Question: and what faith do the people follow there?

Answer: The Roman Catholic Church.

Puerto Rico [SEP] Religion

The Roman Catholic Church was brought by Spanish colonists and gradually became the dominant religion in Puerto Rico. The first dioceses in the Americas, including that of Puerto Rico, were authorized by Pope Julius II in 1511. In 1512, priests were established for the parrochial churches. By 1759, there was a priest for each church. One Pope, John Paul II, visited Puerto Rico in October 1984. All municipalities in Puerto Rico have at least one Catholic church, most of which are located at the town center, or plaza. African slaves brought and maintained various ethnic African religious practices associated with different peoples; in particular, the Yoruba beliefs of Santería and/or Ifá, and the Kongo-derived Palo Mayombe.


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: and what faith do the people follow there?

Context: The Roman Catholic Church.

Question: name a few food delicacies found there.

Answer: “Mofongo", “Arroz con gandules", “Pasteles", “Alcapurrias" and pig roast are some of them.

Explanation: Main dishes include "mofongo", "arroz con gandules", "pasteles", "alcapurrias" and pig roast (or lechón). Beverages include "maví" and "piña colada". Desserts include flan, "arroz con dulce" (sweet rice pudding), "piraguas", "brazo gitanos", "tembleque", "polvorones", and "dulce de leche".

Puerto Rico [SEP] Cuisine

Beverages include "maví" and "piña colada". Desserts include flan, "arroz con dulce" (sweet rice pudding), "piraguas", "brazo gitanos", "tembleque", "polvorones", and "dulce de leche". Locals call their cuisine cocina criolla. The traditional Puerto Rican cuisine was well established by the end of the 19th century. By 1848 the first restaurant, La Mallorquina, opened in Old San Juan. "El Cocinero Puertorriqueño", the island's first cookbook was published in 1849. From the diet of the Taíno people come many tropical roots and tubers like "yautía" (taro) and especially "Yuca" (cassava), from which thin cracker-like "casabe" bread is made. Ajicito or cachucha pepper, a slightly hot habanero pepper, "recao/culantro" (spiny leaf), "achiote" (annatto), "peppers", "ají caballero" (the hottest pepper native to Puerto Rico), peanuts, guavas, pineapples, "jicacos" (cocoplum), "quenepas" (mamoncillo), "lerenes" (Guinea arrowroot), "calabazas" (tropical pumpkins), and "guanabanas" (soursops) are all Taíno foods.


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: The Roman Catholic Church.

Context: name a few food delicacies found there.

Context: “Mofongo", “Arroz con gandules", “Pasteles", “Alcapurrias" and pig roast are some of them.

Question: what style or type of physical structures does the mentioned country have?

Answer: Spanish colonial architecture, Ibero-Islamic, art deco, post-modern, and many other architectural forms are visible throughout the island.

Puerto Rico [SEP] Architecture

The architecture of Puerto Rico demonstrates a broad variety of traditions, styles and national influences accumulated over four centuries of Spanish rule, and a century of American rule. Spanish colonial architecture, Ibero-Islamic, art deco, post-modern, and many other architectural forms are visible throughout the island. From town to town, there are also many regional distinctions. Old San Juan is one of the two "barrios", in addition to Santurce, that made up the municipality of San Juan from 1864 to 1951, at which time the former independent municipality of Río Piedras was annexed. With its abundance of shops, historic places, museums, open air cafés, restaurants, gracious homes, tree-shaded plazas, and its old beauty and architectonical peculiarity, Old San Juan is a main spot for local and internal tourism.


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: The Roman Catholic Church.

Context: name a few food delicacies found there.

Context: what style or type of physical structures does the mentioned country have?

Context: Spanish colonial architecture, Ibero-Islamic, art deco, post-modern, and many other architectural forms are visible throughout the island.

Question: and what is the popular physical pastime or sport there?

Answer: Boxing, basketball, and volleyball are popular sports played here.

Puerto Rico [SEP] Sports

On , San Juan's Hiram Bithorn Stadium hosted the opening round as well as the second round of the newly formed World Baseball Classic. Puerto Rican baseball players include Hall of Famers Roberto Clemente, Orlando Cepeda and Roberto Alomar, enshrined in 1973, 1999, and 2011 respectively. Boxing, basketball, and volleyball are considered popular sports as well. Wilfredo Gómez and McWilliams Arroyo have won their respective divisions at the World Amateur Boxing Championships. Other medalists include José Pedraza, who holds a silver medal, and three boxers who finished in third place, José Luis Vellón, Nelson Dieppa and McJoe Arroyo. In the professional circuit, Puerto Rico has the third-most boxing world champions and it is the global leader in champions per capita.


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: The Roman Catholic Church.

Context: name a few food delicacies found there.

Context: and what is the popular physical pastime or sport there?

Context: Boxing, basketball, and volleyball are popular sports played here.

Question: name a few athlete's of the former sport mentioned of this country.

Answer: Wilfredo Gómez and McWilliams Arroyo, are two of them.

Explanation: Wilfredo Gómez and McWilliams Arroyo have won their respective divisions at the World Amateur Boxing Championships.

Puerto Rico [SEP] Sports


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: The Roman Catholic Church.

Context: name a few food delicacies found there.

Context: name a few athlete's of the former sport mentioned of this country.

Context: Wilfredo Gómez and McWilliams Arroyo, are two of them.

Question: and when was he born?

Answer: Wilfredo Gómez was born on October 29th, 1956.

Wilfredo Gómez [SEP] Introduction

Wilfredo Gómez Rivera (; born October 29, 1956), sometimes referred to as Bazooka Gómez, is a Puerto Rican former professional boxer and three-time world champion. He is frequently mentioned among the best Puerto Rican boxers of all time by sports journalists and analysts, along with Félix Trinidad, Miguel Cotto, Wilfred Benítez, Esteban De Jesús, Edwin Rosario, and Carlos Ortíz. His seventeen consecutive knockouts in championship defenses is a record for all boxing divisions. He was ranked number 13 on The Ring magazine's list of the "100 greatest punchers of all time". In 1995, Gómez was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame.


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: The Roman Catholic Church.

Context: name a few food delicacies found there.

Context: and when was he born?

Context: Wilfredo Gómez was born on October 29th, 1956.

Question: was he married?

Answer: He was married to Carolina Gamboa.

Wilfredo Gómez [SEP] Personal

Gómez has three daughters Jennifer, Gina and Liz Irina and one son Wilfredo Junior. He is good friends with Panamanian boxing legend Roberto Durán. Gómez declared that Fighting Harada was his idol as a child. Gómez was once married to Carolina Gamboa.


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: The Roman Catholic Church.

Context: name a few food delicacies found there.

Context: and when was he born?

Context: was he married?

Context: He was married to Carolina Gamboa.

Question: and if he had children, what were their names?

Answer: Yes, he has three daughters Jennifer, Gina and Liz Irina and one son Wilfredo Junior.

Explanation: Gómez has three daughters Jennifer, Gina and Liz Irina and one son Wilfredo Junior.

Wilfredo Gómez [SEP] Personal


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: The Roman Catholic Church.

Context: name a few food delicacies found there.

Context: and when was he born?

Context: was he married?

Context: He was married to Carolina Gamboa.

Context: and if he had children, what were their names?

Context: Yes, he has three daughters Jennifer, Gina and Liz Irina and one son Wilfredo Junior.

Question: what championship title has gómez won?

Answer: He won the gold medal at the 1974 World Championships in Havana, Cuba.

Wilfredo Gómez [SEP] Amateur career and professional debut

Gómez won the gold medal at the 1974 Central American and Caribbean Games held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and 1974 World Championships in Havana, Cuba before turning professional. He also competed in the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Germany, getting eliminated by an Egyptian rival in the Olympic's first round of bouts. He compiled an overall record of 96 wins and 3 defeats as an amateur boxer. Because of his family's economic situation, he decided not to wait for the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, opting to begin making money right after the 1974 World Amateur Boxing championship instead.


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: The Roman Catholic Church.

Context: name a few food delicacies found there.

Context: and when was he born?

Context: was he married?

Context: He was married to Carolina Gamboa.

Context: what championship title has gómez won?

Context: He won the gold medal at the 1974 World Championships in Havana, Cuba.

Question: did he fall severely ill or was in hospital in his life?

Answer: Yes, he attended a rehabilitation center in Colombia, for his drug addiction.

Wilfredo Gómez [SEP] Last fights and retirement

Gómez tried a comeback in 1988 and 1989, but after winning 2 more bouts by knockout, he realized boxing wasn't in his heart anymore and retired for good. He later moved to Venezuela, where he ran into drug problems, causing him trouble with the law and spending some months in jail. He attended a rehabilitation center in Colombia. Gómez rebounded and is now back in Puerto Rico, where he has managed to stay off drugs. He helped Hector 'Macho' Camacho with the training of Camacho's son Héctor Camacho Jr., who was a boxer in the Jr Welterweight division. In 1998, Gòmez became a born-again Christian.


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: The Roman Catholic Church.

Context: name a few food delicacies found there.

Context: and when was he born?

Context: was he married?

Context: He was married to Carolina Gamboa.

Context: what championship title has gómez won?

Context: did he fall severely ill or was in hospital in his life?

Context: Yes, he attended a rehabilitation center in Colombia, for his drug addiction.

Question: when did he retire?

Answer: He tried a comeback in 1988 and 1989, but after winning 2 more bouts by knockout, he realized boxing wasn't in his heart anymore and retired for good.

Explanation: Gómez tried a comeback in 1988 and 1989, but after winning 2 more bouts by knockout, he realized boxing wasn't in his heart anymore and retired for good.


Context: what is the money called in puerto rico

Context: Puerto Rican dollars and peso.

Context: Spanish and English.

Context: what's special about it's environment?

Context: The Roman Catholic Church.

Context: name a few food delicacies found there.

Context: and when was he born?

Context: was he married?

Context: He was married to Carolina Gamboa.

Context: what championship title has gómez won?

Context: when did he retire?

Context: He tried a comeback in 1988 and 1989, but after winning 2 more bouts by knockout, he realized boxing wasn't in his heart anymore and retired for good.

Question: and how was he honoured?

Answer: The Wilfredo Gomez boxing gym and the Complejo Deportivo Wilfredo Gomez in Guaynabo are named after him.

Explanation: Both the Wilfredo Gomez boxing gym and the Complejo Deportivo Wilfredo Gomez (Wilfredo Gomez Sporting Complex) in Guaynabo are named after him.

Wilfredo Gómez [SEP] Honors


Question: who played marty in back to the future

Answer: Michael J. Fox

Marty McFly [SEP] Introduction

Martin Seamus McFly is a fictional character and the protagonist of the "Back to the Future" trilogy. He is portrayed by actor Michael J. Fox. McFly also appears in the , where he was voiced by David Kaufman. In by Telltale Games, he is voiced by A. J. Locascio; in addition, Fox voiced McFly's future counterparts at the end of the game. In 2008, McFly was selected by "Empire" magazine as the 12th Greatest Movie Character of All Time. He is also the inspiration for Morty Smith, the second main protagonist of Rick and Morty.


Context:
who played marty in back to the future
Michael J. Fox

Question: what is the story line of the movie?

Answer: It focuses on Marty McFly, a teenager accidentally sent back in time to 1955 in a time-traveling DeLorean automobile built by his eccentric scientist friend Doctor Emmett "Doc" Brown.

Back to the Future [SEP] Introduction

Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover, and Thomas F. Wilson. Set in 1985, Fox portrays Marty McFly, a teenager accidentally sent back in time to 1955 in a time-traveling DeLorean automobile built by his eccentric scientist friend Doctor Emmett "Doc" Brown. Trapped in the past, Marty inadvertently prevents his future parents' meeting— threatening his very existence—and is forced to reconcile the pair and somehow get back to the future. The outline of "Back to the Future" originated in 1980 after Gale found his father's school yearbook; he wondered if he and his father would have been friends as youths.


Context: who played marty in back to the future

Context: Michael J. Fox

Context: what is the story line of the movie?

Context: It focuses on Marty McFly, a teenager accidentally sent back in time to 1955 in a time-traveling DeLorean automobile built by his eccentric scientist friend Doctor Emmett "Doc" Brown.

Question: what is the genre of the movie?

Answer: It is a science fiction film.

Explanation: Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale.

Back to the Future [SEP] Introduction


Context: who played marty in back to the future

Context: Michael J. Fox

Context: what is the story line of the movie?

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: It is a science fiction film.

Question: where is the above mentioned actor from?

Answer: Edmonton, Alberta.

Michael J. Fox [SEP] Early life

Michael Andrew Fox was born on June 9, 1961 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada to Phyllis ("née" Piper), an actress/payroll clerk, and William Fox, a police officer and Canadian Forces member. He is of Irish, English and Scottish descent. His family lived in various cities and towns across Canada because of his father's career. They finally moved to Burnaby, a large suburb of Vancouver, British Columbia, when his father retired in 1971. His father died on January 6, 1990 from a heart attack. Fox attended Burnaby Central Secondary School, and now has a theatre named for him at Burnaby South Secondary.


Context: who played marty in back to the future

Context: Michael J. Fox

Context: what is the story line of the movie?

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: It is a science fiction film.

Context: where is the above mentioned actor from?

Context: Edmonton, Alberta.

Question: to which country does this place fall in?

Answer: Canada

Alberta [SEP] Introduction

Alberta () is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,067,175 people as of the 2016 census, it is Canada's fourth most populous province and the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Alberta's area is approximately . Alberta is bordered by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U.S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state. It is also one of only two landlocked provinces in the country.


Context: who played marty in back to the future

Context: Michael J. Fox

Context: what is the story line of the movie?

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: It is a science fiction film.

Context: Edmonton, Alberta.

Context: to which country does this place fall in?

Context: Canada

Question: what is the weather like in this country?

Answer: Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost.

Canada [SEP] Geography, climate, and environment

Canada is home to the world's northernmost settlement, Canadian Forces Station Alert, on the northern tip of Ellesmere Island—latitude 82.5°N—which lies from the North Pole. Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost; however, the future of the permafrost is uncertain because the Canadian Arctic has been warming at three times the global average as a result of climate change. Three of Canada's arctic islandsBaffin Island, Victoria Island and Ellesmere Islandare among the ten largest in the world.


Context: who played marty in back to the future

Context: Michael J. Fox

Context: what is the story line of the movie?

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: It is a science fiction film.

Context: Edmonton, Alberta.

Context: Canada

Context: what is the weather like in this country?

Context: Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost.

Question: what can you tell me about the health system of this country?

Answer: Here healthcare is delivered through the provincial and territorial systems of publicly funded health care, informally called Medicare.

Canada [SEP] Health

Healthcare in Canada is delivered through the provincial and territorial systems of publicly funded health care, informally called Medicare. It is guided by the provisions of the "Canada Health Act" of 1984, and is universal. Universal access to publicly funded health services "is often considered by Canadians as a fundamental value that ensures national health care insurance for everyone wherever they live in the country." However, 30 percent of Canadians' healthcare is paid for through the private sector. This mostly goes towards services not covered or partially covered by Medicare, such as prescription drugs, dentistry and optometry. Approximately 65 to 75 percent of Canadians have some form of supplementary health insurance related to the aforementioned reasons; many receive it through their employers or utilizes secondary social service programs related to extended coverage for families receiving social assistance or vulnerable demographics, such as seniors, minors, and those with disabilities.


Context: who played marty in back to the future

Context: Michael J. Fox

Context: what is the story line of the movie?

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: It is a science fiction film.

Context: Edmonton, Alberta.

Context: Canada

Context: what can you tell me about the health system of this country?

Context: Here healthcare is delivered through the provincial and territorial systems of publicly funded health care, informally called Medicare.

Question: what can you tell me about its original inhabitants?

Answer: They include the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis, the last being a mixed-blood people who originated in the mid-17th century.

Canada [SEP] Indigenous peoples

Indigenous peoples in present-day Canada include the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis, the last being a mixed-blood people who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations people married European settlers and subsequently developed their own identity. The term "Aboriginal" as a collective noun is a specific term of art used in some legal documents, including the "Constitution Act 1982". The first inhabitants of North America are generally hypothesized to have migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 14,000 years ago. The Paleo-Indian archeological sites at Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are two of the oldest sites of human habitation in Canada.


Context: who played marty in back to the future

Context: Michael J. Fox

Context: what is the story line of the movie?

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: It is a science fiction film.

Context: Edmonton, Alberta.

Context: Canada

Context: what can you tell me about its original inhabitants?

Context: They include the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis, the last being a mixed-blood people who originated in the mid-17th century.

Question: can you explain a bit of the first kind of inhabitants?

Answer: They are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.

First Nations [SEP] Introduction

In Canada, the First Nations ( ) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle. Those in the Arctic area are distinct and known as Inuit. The Métis, another distinct ethnicity, developed after European contact and relations primarily between First Nations people and Europeans. There are 634 recognized First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. Under Charter Jurisprudence, First Nations are a "designated group", along with women, visible minorities, and people with physical or mental disabilities. First Nations are not defined as a visible minority by the criteria of Statistics Canada.


Context: who played marty in back to the future

Context: Michael J. Fox

Context: what is the story line of the movie?

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: It is a science fiction film.

Context: Edmonton, Alberta.

Context: Canada

Context: can you explain a bit of the first kind of inhabitants?

Context: They are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.

Question: what is this circle you mentioned above?

Answer: It is one of the two polar circles and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth.

Arctic Circle [SEP] Introduction

The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth. It marks the northernmost point at which the centre of the noon sun is just visible on the December solstice and the southernmost point at which the centre of the midnight sun is just visible on the June solstice. The region north of this circle is known as the Arctic, and the zone just to the south is called the Northern Temperate Zone. As seen from the Arctic, the Sun is above the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year (and therefore visible at midnight) and below the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year (and therefore not visible at noon).


Context: who played marty in back to the future

Context: Michael J. Fox

Context: what is the story line of the movie?

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: It is a science fiction film.

Context: Edmonton, Alberta.

Context: Canada

Context: what is this circle you mentioned above?

Context: It is one of the two polar circles and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth.

Question: what can you tell me about the day and night of this place?

Answer: At least once each year at any location within the Arctic Circle the centre of the sun is visible at local midnight, and at least once the centre is not visible at local noon.

Arctic Circle [SEP] Midnight sun and polar night

The Arctic Circle is the southernmost latitude in the Northern Hemisphere at which the centre of the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for twenty-four hours; as a result, at least once each year at any location within the Arctic Circle the centre of the sun is visible at local midnight, and at least once the centre is not visible at local noon. Directly on the Arctic Circle these events occur, in principle, exactly once per year: at the June and December solstices, respectively. However, because of atmospheric refraction and mirages, and also because the sun appears as a disk and not a point, part of the midnight sun may be seen on the night of the northern summer solstice up to about 50 minutes (′) () south of the Arctic Circle; similarly, on the day of the northern winter solstice, part of the sun may be seen up to about 50′ north of the Arctic Circle.


Context: who played marty in back to the future

Context: Michael J. Fox

Context: what is the story line of the movie?

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: It is a science fiction film.

Context: Edmonton, Alberta.

Context: Canada

Context: what can you tell me about the day and night of this place?

Context: At least once each year at any location within the Arctic Circle the centre of the sun is visible at local midnight, and at least once the centre is not visible at local noon.

Question: what is the second mentioned circle above?

Answer: The Antarctic Circle

Antarctic Circle [SEP] Introduction

The Antarctic Circle is the most southerly of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. The region south of this circle is known as the Antarctic, and the zone immediately to the north is called the Southern Temperate Zone. South of the Antarctic Circle, the sun is above the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year (and therefore visible at midnight) and the centre of the sun (ignoring refraction) is below the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year (and therefore not visible at noon); this is also true within the equivalent polar circle in the Northern Hemisphere, the Arctic Circle.


Question: who played cody on the suite life of zack and cody

Answer: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Cole Sprouse [SEP] Introduction

Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor, known for his role as Cody Martin on the Disney Channel series "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" and its spinoff "The Suite Life on Deck". In his early career, when a child and teenager, he appeared in various projects alongside his twin brother Dylan Sprouse. In 2017, Sprouse began starring as Jughead Jones on The CW television series "Riverdale".


Context: who played cody on the suite life of zack and cody

Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Arezzo, Italy

Explanation: Cole Mitchell Sprouse was born in Arezzo, Italy, to Matthew Sprouse and Melanie Wright. Cole was born 15 minutes after his older twin brother Dylan Sprouse. Cole was named after jazz singer and pianist Nat King Cole. Four months after his birth, the family moved back to their parents' native Long Beach, California.

Cole Sprouse [SEP] Early life and education


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Question: can you name any educational institution that he attended?

Answer: New York University, Gallatin School of Individualized Study

Cole Sprouse [SEP] Personal life

Sprouse is a fan of comics and worked at the Los Angeles comic store Meltdown. Sprouse began attending New York University in 2011, after deferring one year. Initially interested in studying film and television production, he decided to enroll instead in the Gallatin School of Individualized Study, pursuing the humanities and in particular archaeology. He graduated alongside his brother in May 2015. Sprouse worked briefly in the field of archaeology, participating in excavations and performing lab work. He specialized in geographical information systems and satellite imaging. During his studies he performed summer digs in both Europe and Asia. While engaged in his undergraduate work, he unearthed a mask of Dionysus on a dig in Bulgaria.


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: can you name any educational institution that he attended?

Context: New York University, Gallatin School of Individualized Study

Question: what are some of his other works?

Answer: He appeared in the television series 'Riverdale';  Sprouse worked in the field of archaeology, participating in excavations and performing lab work;  he unearthed a mask of Dionysus on a dig in Bulgaria.

Cole Sprouse [SEP] Personal life


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: what are some of his other works?

Context: He appeared in the television series 'Riverdale';  Sprouse worked in the field of archaeology, participating in excavations and performing lab work;  he unearthed a mask of Dionysus on a dig in Bulgaria.

Question: where is this country that you just mentioned located?

Answer: Southeast Europe

Bulgaria [SEP] Introduction

Bulgaria (; ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, ), is a country in Southeast Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. The capital and largest city is Sofia; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. With a territory of , Bulgaria is Europe's sixteenth-largest country. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6,500 BC. In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45.


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: what are some of his other works?

Context: where is this country that you just mentioned located?

Context: Southeast Europe

Question: how dis it get its name?

Answer: Derived from the "Bulgars", a tribe of Turkic origin that founded the country.

Bulgaria [SEP] Etymology

The name "Bulgaria" is derived from the "Bulgars", a tribe of Turkic origin that founded the country. Their name is not completely understood and is difficult to trace back earlier than the 4th century AD, but it is possibly derived from the Proto-Turkic word "bulģha" ("to mix", "shake", "stir") and its derivative "bulgak" ("revolt", "disorder"). The meaning may be further extended to "rebel", "incite" or "produce a state of disorder", and so, in the derivative, the "disturbers". Ethnic groups in Inner Asia with phonologically similar names were frequently described in similar terms: during the 4th century, the Buluoji, a component of the "Five Barbarian" groups in Ancient China, were portrayed as both a "mixed race" and "troublemakers".


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: what are some of his other works?

Context: Southeast Europe

Context: how dis it get its name?

Context: Derived from the "Bulgars", a tribe of Turkic origin that founded the country.

Question: can you mention anything about this country during the ancient times?

Answer: Neanderthal remains dating to around 150,000 years ago are some of the earliest traces of human activity; the prevalence of the Neolithic Karanovo culture which dates back to 6,500 BC.

Explanation: One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6,500 BC. In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. The Eastern Roman Empire lost some of these territories to the numerous early Slavs.

Bulgaria [SEP] Introduction

The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 resulted in the formation of the third and current Bulgarian state. Many ethnic Bulgarians were left outside the new nation's borders, which stoked irredentist sentiments that led to several conflicts with its neighbours and alliances with Germany in both world wars. In 1946 Bulgaria came under the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc and became a one-party socialist state. The ruling Communist Party gave up its monopoly on power after the revolutions of 1989 and allowed multiparty elections. Bulgaria then transitioned into a democracy and a market-based economy. Since adopting a democratic constitution in 1991, Bulgaria has been a unitary parliamentary republic composed of 28 provinces, with a high degree of political, administrative, and economic centralisation.


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: what are some of his other works?

Context: Southeast Europe

Context: how dis it get its name?

Context: can you mention anything about this country during the ancient times?

Context: Neanderthal remains dating to around 150,000 years ago are some of the earliest traces of human activity; the prevalence of the Neolithic Karanovo culture which dates back to 6,500 BC.

Question: by whom was the first empire established here?

Answer: By the Bulgars under Khan Asparukh.

Explanation: Asparuh (also "Ispor"; or (rarely) ) was а ruler of Bulgars in the second half of the 7th century and is credited with the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681.

Asparuh of Bulgaria [SEP] Introduction


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: what are some of his other works?

Context: Southeast Europe

Context: how dis it get its name?

Context: by whom was the first empire established here?

Context: By the Bulgars under Khan Asparukh.

Question: how is the country divided for administrative purposes?

Answer: The new administrative structure includes 27 provinces and a metropolitan capital province.The provinces are subdivided into 265 municipalities.

Explanation: Bulgaria is a unitary state. Since the 1880s, the number of territorial management units has varied from seven to 26. Between 1987 and 1999 the administrative structure consisted of nine provinces ("oblasti", singular "oblast"). A new administrative structure was adopted in parallel with the decentralization of the economic system. It includes 27 provinces and a metropolitan capital province (Sofia-Grad). All areas take their names from their respective capital cities. The provinces are subdivided into 265 municipalities. Municipalities are run by mayors, who are elected to four-year terms, and by directly elected municipal councils. Bulgaria is a highly centralized state where the Council of Ministers directly appoints regional governors and all provinces and municipalities are heavily dependent on it for funding.

Bulgaria [SEP] Administrative divisions


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: what are some of his other works?

Context: Southeast Europe

Context: how dis it get its name?

Context: By the Bulgars under Khan Asparukh.

Context: how is the country divided for administrative purposes?

Context: The new administrative structure includes 27 provinces and a metropolitan capital province.The provinces are subdivided into 265 municipalities.

Question: can you mention any cultural aspect of this place?

Answer: Nestinarstvo, a ritual fire-dance of Thracian origin, is included in the list of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage

Explanation: Martenitsa is also widely celebrated. Nestinarstvo, a ritual fire-dance of Thracian origin, is included in the list of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Bulgaria [SEP] Culture

А religious visual arts heritage includes frescoes, murals and icons, many produced by the medieval Tarnovo Artistic School. Like literature, it was not until the National Revival when Bulgarian visual arts began to reemerge. Zahari Zograf was a pioneer of the visual arts in the pre-Liberation era. After the Liberation, Ivan Mrkvička, Anton Mitov, Vladimir Dimitrov, Tsanko Lavrenov and Zlatyu Boyadzhiev introduced newer styles and substance, depicting scenery from Bulgarian villages, old towns and historical subjects. Christo is the most famous Bulgarian artist of the 21st century, known for his outdoor installations.


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: what are some of his other works?

Context: Southeast Europe

Context: how dis it get its name?

Context: By the Bulgars under Khan Asparukh.

Context: can you mention any cultural aspect of this place?

Context: Nestinarstvo, a ritual fire-dance of Thracian origin, is included in the list of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage

Question: what type of animals are found here?

Answer: Mammals such as deer, wild boars, jackals and foxes.

Explanation: Bulgaria's biodiversity, one of the richest in Europe, is conserved in three national parks, 11 nature parks, 10 biosphere reserves and 565 protected areas. Ninety-three of the 233 mammal species of Europe are found in Bulgaria, along with 49% of butterfly and 30% of vascular plant species. Overall, 41,493 plant and animal species are present. Larger mammals with sizable populations include deer (106,323 individuals), wild boars (88,948), jackals (47,293) and foxes (32,326). Partridges number some 328,000 individuals, making them the most widespread gamebird. A third of all nesting birds in Bulgaria can be found in Rila National Park, which also hosts Arctic and alpine species at high altitudes. Flora includes more than 3,800 vascular plant species of which 170 are endemic and 150 are considered endangered. A checklist of larger fungi in Bulgaria by the Institute of Botany identifies more than 1,500 species. More than 35% of the land area is covered by forests.

Bulgaria [SEP] Biodiversity and environment

The interaction of climatic, hydrological, geological and topographical conditions has produced a relatively wide variety of plant and animal species. Bulgaria's biodiversity, one of the richest in Europe, is conserved in three national parks, 11 nature parks, 10 biosphere reserves and 565 protected areas. Ninety-three of the 233 mammal species of Europe are found in Bulgaria, along with 49% of butterfly and 30% of vascular plant species. Overall, 41,493 plant and animal species are present. Larger mammals with sizable populations include deer (106,323 individuals), wild boars (88,948), jackals (47,293) and foxes (32,326). Partridges number some 328,000 individuals, making them the most widespread gamebird.


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: what are some of his other works?

Context: Southeast Europe

Context: how dis it get its name?

Context: By the Bulgars under Khan Asparukh.

Context: what type of animals are found here?

Context: Mammals such as deer, wild boars, jackals and foxes.

Question: are there any national parks?

Answer: Yes - Rila National Park

Explanation: A third of all nesting birds in Bulgaria can be found in Rila National Park, which also hosts Arctic and alpine species at high altitudes.

Water quality began to improve in 1998 and has maintained a trend of moderate improvement. Over 75% of surface rivers meet European standards for good quality.


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: what are some of his other works?

Context: Southeast Europe

Context: how dis it get its name?

Context: By the Bulgars under Khan Asparukh.

Context: what type of animals are found here?

Context: are there any national parks?

Context: Yes - Rila National Park

Question: where is it located?

Answer: In the Rila mountain range in the south-west

Rila National Park [SEP] Introduction

Rila National Park () is the largest national park in Bulgaria spanning an area of in the Rila mountain range in the south-west of the country. It was established on 24 February 1992 to protect several ecosystems of national importance. Its altitude varies from near Blagoevgrad to at Musala Peak, the highest summit in the Balkan Peninsula. There are 120 glacial lakes, including the prominent Seven Rila Lakes. Many rivers have their source in the national park, including the longest river entirely in the Balkans, the Maritsa, and the longest river entirely in Bulgaria, the Iskar. The national park occupies territory from 4 of the 28 provinces of the country: Sofia, Kyustendil, Blagoevgrad and Pazardzhik.


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: what are some of his other works?

Context: Southeast Europe

Context: how dis it get its name?

Context: By the Bulgars under Khan Asparukh.

Context: what type of animals are found here?

Context: are there any national parks?

Context: Yes - Rila National Park

Context: where is it located?

Context: In the Rila mountain range in the south-west

Question: when was it established?

Answer: 24 February 1992

Explanation: It was established on 24 February 1992 to protect several ecosystems of national importance.

Rila National Park [SEP] Introduction


Context: Cole Mitchell Sprouse

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Italy

Context: what are some of his other works?

Context: Southeast Europe

Context: how dis it get its name?

Context: By the Bulgars under Khan Asparukh.

Context: what type of animals are found here?

Context: are there any national parks?

Context: Yes - Rila National Park

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it established?

Context: 24 February 1992

Question: why was it established?

Answer: To protect several ecosystems of national importance.

Explanation: Rila National Park () is the largest national park in Bulgaria spanning an area of in the Rila mountain range in the south-west of the country. It was established on 24 February 1992 to protect several ecosystems of national importance.

Rila National Park [SEP] Introduction


Question: compare and contrast jet stream and gulf stream

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Gulf Stream [SEP] Introduction

The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean as the North Atlantic Current. The process of western intensification causes the Gulf Stream to be a northwards accelerating current off the east coast of North America. At about , it splits in two, with the northern stream, the North Atlantic Drift, crossing to Northern Europe and the southern stream, the Canary Current, recirculating off West Africa.


Context: compare and contrast jet stream and gulf stream

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is referred by the latter stream?

Answer: The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean as the North Atlantic Current.

Explanation: The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean as the North Atlantic Current.

Gulf Stream [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is referred by the latter stream?

Context: The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean as the North Atlantic Current.

Question: does it affects the formation of cyclones?

Answer: Yes - The warm water and temperature contrast along the edge of the Gulf Stream often increase the intensity of cyclones, tropical or otherwise.

Gulf Stream [SEP] Effect on cyclone formation

The warm water and temperature contrast along the edge of the Gulf Stream often increase the intensity of cyclones, tropical or otherwise. Tropical cyclone generation normally requires water temperatures in excess of . Tropical cyclone formation is common over the Gulf Stream, especially in the month of July. Storms travel westwards through the Caribbean and then either move in a northwards direction and curve towards the eastern coast of the United States or stay on a north-westwards track and enter the Gulf of Mexico. Such storms have the potential to create strong winds and extensive damage to the United States' Southeast Coastal Areas.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is referred by the latter stream?

Context: does it affects the formation of cyclones?

Context: Yes - The warm water and temperature contrast along the edge of the Gulf Stream often increase the intensity of cyclones, tropical or otherwise.

Question: can you state one of its properties?

Answer: The Gulf Stream proper is a western-intensified current, driven largely by wind stress.

Explanation: The Gulf Stream proper is a western-intensified current, driven largely by wind stress. The North Atlantic Drift, in contrast, is largely driven by thermohaline circulation. In 1958, oceanographer Henry Stommel noted that "very little water from the Gulf of Mexico is actually in the stream". By carrying warm water northeast across the Atlantic, it makes Western Europe and especially Northern Europe warmer than it otherwise would be.

Gulf Stream [SEP] Properties


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is referred by the latter stream?

Context: can you state one of its properties?

Context: The Gulf Stream proper is a western-intensified current, driven largely by wind stress.

Question: who first discovered this?

Answer: Henry "Hank" Melson Stommel.

Explanation: Henry "Hank" Melson Stommel (September 27, 1920 – January 17, 1992) was a major contributor to the field of physical oceanography. Beginning in the 1940s, he advanced theories about global ocean circulation patterns and the behavior of the Gulf Stream that form the basis of physical oceanography today. Widely recognized as one of the most influential and productive oceanographers of his time, Stommel was both a groundbreaking theoretician and an astute, seagoing observer.

Henry Stommel [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is referred by the latter stream?

Context: can you state one of its properties?

Context: who first discovered this?

Context: Henry "Hank" Melson Stommel.

Question: who is this person?

Answer: Stommel was a full professor without an earned doctorate, and served as instructor in mathematics and astronomy.

Explanation: Stommel was born in Wilmington, Delaware. An anomaly among modern scientists, Stommel became a full professor without an earned doctorate. He received his B.S. in astronomy from Yale University (1942) and served there as instructor in mathematics and astronomy (1942–44).

Henry Stommel [SEP] Early life and education


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is referred by the latter stream?

Context: can you state one of its properties?

Context: who first discovered this?

Context: Henry "Hank" Melson Stommel.

Context: who is this person?

Context: Stommel was a full professor without an earned doctorate, and served as instructor in mathematics and astronomy.

Question: in which institution did he teach?

Answer: Yale University

Explanation: He received his B.S. in astronomy from Yale University (1942) and served there as instructor in mathematics and astronomy (1942–44).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is referred by the latter stream?

Context: can you state one of its properties?

Context: who first discovered this?

Context: Henry "Hank" Melson Stommel.

Context: who is this person?

Context: in which institution did he teach?

Context: Yale University

Question: what else did he discover?

Answer: Western intensification, thermohaline circulation.

Henry Stommel [SEP] Discoveries

Henry Stommel showed that the north-south gradient of the strength of the horizontal Coriolis force (the "beta effect") was responsible for the observed fact that the return flow of the slow interior gyre circulations is concentrated in fast moving western boundary currents, such as the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio Current, a process known as western intensification. As a result, these western boundary currents have a larger and steadier transport than the corresponding boundary currents, such as the California Current and Canary Current, on the eastern side of the ocean basins. In subtropical latitudes, the western boundary currents are important in transporting the excess heat the earth receives in the tropics towards the poles.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is referred by the latter stream?

Context: can you state one of its properties?

Context: who first discovered this?

Context: Henry "Hank" Melson Stommel.

Context: who is this person?

Context: in which institution did he teach?

Context: Yale University

Context: what else did he discover?

Context: Western intensification, thermohaline circulation.

Question: whom did he marry?

Answer: Elizabeth Brown

Henry Stommel [SEP] Marriage

Stommel married Elizabeth Brown, daughter of Huntington Brown, professor of English at the University of Minnesota, and Elizabeth Waldo Wentworth Brown, originally of Boston, on December 6, 1950. They had three children: Matthew (a professional fisherman in Falmouth, Massachusetts), Elijah (a physician at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center), and Abigail Stommel Adams (a nurse practicing in Falmouth).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is referred by the latter stream?

Context: can you state one of its properties?

Context: who first discovered this?

Context: Henry "Hank" Melson Stommel.

Context: who is this person?

Context: in which institution did he teach?

Context: Yale University

Context: what else did he discover?

Context: whom did he marry?

Context: Elizabeth Brown

Question: where is the mentioned university located?

Answer: New Haven, Connecticut.

Yale University [SEP] Introduction

Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Collegiate School was renamed Yale College in 1718 to honor the school's largest benefactor, Elihu Yale. Chartered by Connecticut Colony, the Collegiate School was established in 1701 by clergy to educate Congregational ministers. It moved to New Haven in 1716 and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is referred by the latter stream?

Context: can you state one of its properties?

Context: who first discovered this?

Context: Henry "Hank" Melson Stommel.

Context: who is this person?

Context: in which institution did he teach?

Context: Yale University

Context: what else did he discover?

Context: whom did he marry?

Context: Elizabeth Brown

Context: where is the mentioned university located?

Context: New Haven, Connecticut.

Question: do you know about any famous faculty member or alumni member?

Answer: Yes - U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.

Explanation: Yale has produced alumni distinguished in their respective fields. This includes U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush; heads of state, including Italian prime minister Mario Monti, Turkish prime minister Tansu Çiller, Mexican president Ernesto Zedillo, German president Karl Carstens, Philippine president José Paciano Laurel, Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison, and Malawian president Peter Mutharika; U.S. Supreme Court Justices Taft, Sonia Sotomayor, Samuel Alito, Clarence Thomas, and Brett Kavanaugh; Secretaries of State John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, Cyrus Vance, and Dean Acheson; U.S. Secretaries of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott, Robert Rubin, Nicholas F. Brady, and Steven Mnuchin; and United States Attorneys General Nicholas Katzenbach, John Ashcroft, and Edward H. Levi. Confederate States Secretary of State, Secretary of War, and Attorney General; Judah P. Benjamin.

Yale University [SEP] Notable alumni and faculty

Brady, and Steven Mnuchin; and United States Attorneys General Nicholas Katzenbach, John Ashcroft, and Edward H. Levi. Confederate States Secretary of State, Secretary of War, and Attorney General; Judah P. Benjamin. Some royals have attended, among them: Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden, Olympia Bonaparte, Princess Napoléon, Prince Rostislav Romanov and Prince Akiiki Hosea Nyabongo; In the arts, Yale alumni include authors Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, John Hersey, Thornton Wilder, Doug Wright, William Matthews, and Tom Wolfe; actors, directors, playwrights, and producers Tarell Alvin McCraney, Jodie Foster, Paul Newman, Henry Winkler, Vincent Price, Meryl Streep, Sigourney Weaver, Angela Bassett, Elia Kazan, George Roy Hill, Douglas Wick, Claire Danes, Edward Norton, Lupita Nyong'o, James Whitmore, Oliver Stone, Brian Dennehy, Joshua Malina, and Sam Waterston; composers Charles Ives, Douglas Moore and Cole Porter; visual artists Matthew Barney, Eva Hesse, Alex Israel, Robert L.