Context:
what is postelsia?
The sea palm

Question: from where does it get its name?

Answer: From geologist Alexander Philipov Postels and artist who worked with Ruprecht, while the specific name, "palmaeformis", describes the alga's superficial similarity in appearance to true palms.

Postelsia [SEP] Etymology

The generic name, "Postelsia" honors Alexander Philipov Postels, an Estonian-born geologist and artist who worked with Ruprecht, while the specific name, "palmaeformis", describes the alga's superficial similarity in appearance to true palms.


Context: what is postelsia?

Context: The sea palm

Context: from where does it get its name?

Context: From geologist Alexander Philipov Postels and artist who worked with Ruprecht, while the specific name, "palmaeformis", describes the alga's superficial similarity in appearance to true palms.

Question: where is it found?

Answer: In California

Explanation: California

Postelsia [SEP] History

The sea palm was known by the natives of California by the name of kakgunu-chale before any Europeans entered the region. "Postelsia" was first scientifically described by Franz Josef Ruprecht (1814–1870) in 1852 from a specimen found near Bodega Bay in California. Ruprecht, an Austro-Hungarian who became curator of botany at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg in 1839, studied seaweed specimens collected by botanist Ilya Vosnesensky, and published a paper describing one seagrass and five seaweeds, one of which was "Postelsia". The sea palm has been used by several textbooks, such as the Campbell–Reece Biology textbook, as an example of multicellular protists, as well as an example of the class Phaeophyceae.


Context: what is postelsia?

Context: The sea palm

Context: from where does it get its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: In California

Question: are any fossils available?

Answer: Yes, from Monte Bolca, a lagerstätte near Verona

Postelsia [SEP] Fossil record

Fossils from Monte Bolca, a lagerstätte near Verona, were originally named "Zoophycos caput-medusae" and previously thought to be trace fossils, but were later found to be plants instead and given the name Algarum by French zoologist Henri Milne-Edwards in 1866. The type specimen collected by Italian paleobotanist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo before 1855 is at the Natural History Museum of Verona and was preserved in a lithographic limestone upper and lower slab. When Italian botanist Achille Forti (1878–1937) worked on the specimens in 1926, they were reinterpreted as close relatives of "Postelsia", now known to be a brown algae, which had lived in the coastal waters of the Eocene sea.


Context: what is postelsia?

Context: The sea palm

Context: from where does it get its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: In California

Context: are any fossils available?

Context: Yes, from Monte Bolca, a lagerstätte near Verona

Question: is it edible?

Answer: Yes, the blades are sometimes used in certain dishes

Postelsia [SEP] Edibility

The blades (and less often, the stipes) of "Postelsia" are sometimes used in certain dishes, usually in California. "Postelsia" is a protected species, however, and harvesting it is illegal throughout much of its range, as clipping the blades too low, below the meristem, prevents reproduction. "Postelsia" can regenerate blades cut above the meristem, but removing the blades can limit a sporophyte's ability to produce spores and contribute to subsequent populations. "Postelsia" has also been in danger of overharvesting at some points. It is illegal to harvest "Postelsia" in British Columbia, Washington and Oregon. In California, "Postelsia" is a partially protected species: recreational harvesting is illegal, but commercial harvesting is legal.


Context: what is postelsia?

Context: The sea palm

Context: from where does it get its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: In California

Context: are any fossils available?

Context: is it edible?

Context: Yes, the blades are sometimes used in certain dishes

Question: are any animal fossils also found in the first place where these fossils are sound?

Answer: Yes, Monte Bolca has crustaceans, jellyfish and polychaete worms

Monte Bolca [SEP] Animal fossils

Monte Bolca is rich in fish: 250 species (140 genera, 90 families and 19 orders). Additionally a cephalopod, crustaceans, jellyfish and polychaete worms have been found whole, but foraminifera, molluscs, and corals are found in fragments and may have been transported. Bird feathers and tortoise shell plates have been found, as well as many insects, freshwater and land plants. Fossil animal species include


Context: what is postelsia?

Context: The sea palm

Context: from where does it get its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: In California

Context: are any fossils available?

Context: is it edible?

Context: are any animal fossils also found in the first place where these fossils are sound?

Context: Yes, Monte Bolca has crustaceans, jellyfish and polychaete worms

Question: what are its geological features?

Answer: It was uplifted from the Tethys Ocean floor during the formation of the Alps, in two stages: one 24 million years ago, and one between 30 and 50 million years ago.

Monte Bolca [SEP] Geology

Monte Bolca was uplifted from the Tethys Ocean floor during the formation of the Alps, in two stages: one 24 million years ago, and one between 30 and 50 million years ago. The entire formation consists of of limestone, all of which contain fossils, but interspersed in which are the lagerstätte layers that contain the highly preserved specimens. Within these layers, the fish and other specimens are so highly preserved that their organs are often completely preserved in fossil form, and even the skin color can sometimes be determined. The normal rearrangement of the specimens caused by mud-dwelling organisms in the layer before it turned to stone has been avoided—it is assumed that the mud in question was low in oxygen, preventing both decay and the mixing action of scavengers.


Context: what is postelsia?

Context: The sea palm

Context: from where does it get its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: In California

Context: are any fossils available?

Context: is it edible?

Context: what are its geological features?

Context: It was uplifted from the Tethys Ocean floor during the formation of the Alps, in two stages: one 24 million years ago, and one between 30 and 50 million years ago.

Question: where is this ocean?

Answer: Between the ancient continents of Gondwana and Laurasia

Tethys Ocean [SEP] Introduction

The Tethys Ocean ( "Tēthús"), also called the Tethys Sea or the Neotethys, was an ocean during much of the Mesozoic Era located between the ancient continents of Gondwana and Laurasia, before the opening of the Indian and Atlantic oceans during the Cretaceous Period.


Context: what is postelsia?

Context: The sea palm

Context: from where does it get its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: In California

Context: are any fossils available?

Context: is it edible?

Context: what are its geological features?

Context: where is this ocean?

Context: Between the ancient continents of Gondwana and Laurasia

Question: what are the subdivisions of the ocean?

Answer: he eastern part of the Tethys Ocean is sometimes referred to as Eastern Tethys. The western part of the Tethys Ocean is called Tethys Sea, Western Tethys Ocean, or Paratethys or Alpine Tethys Ocean.

Tethys Ocean [SEP] Terminology and subdivisions

The eastern part of the Tethys Ocean is sometimes referred to as Eastern Tethys. The western part of the Tethys Ocean is called Tethys Sea, Western Tethys Ocean, or Paratethys or Alpine Tethys Ocean. The Black, Caspian, and Aral seas are thought to be its crustal remains, though the Black Sea may, in fact, be a remnant of the older Paleo-Tethys Ocean. The Western Tethys was not simply a single open ocean. It covered many small plates, Cretaceous island arcs, and microcontinents. Many small oceanic basins (Valais Ocean, Piemont-Liguria Ocean, Meliata Ocean) were separated from each other by continental terranes on the Alboran, Iberian, and Apulian plates.


Context: what is postelsia?

Context: The sea palm

Context: from where does it get its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: In California

Context: are any fossils available?

Context: is it edible?

Context: what are its geological features?

Context: where is this ocean?

Context: what are the subdivisions of the ocean?

Context: he eastern part of the Tethys Ocean is sometimes referred to as Eastern Tethys. The western part of the Tethys Ocean is called Tethys Sea, Western Tethys Ocean, or Paratethys or Alpine Tethys Ocean.

Question: when was the first ancient continent mentioned above formed?

Answer: The assembly of Gondwana was a protracted process during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic, which however remains incompletely understood because of the lack of paleo-magnetic data.

Gondwana [SEP] Formation

The assembly of Gondwana was a protracted process during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic, which however remains incompletely understood because of the lack of paleo-magnetic data. Several orogenies, collectively known as the Pan-African orogeny, led to the amalgamation of most of the continental fragments of a much older supercontinent, Rodinia. One of those orogenic belts, the Mozambique Belt, formed and was originally interpreted as the suture between East (India, Madagascar, Antarctica, and Australia) and West Gondwana (Africa and South America). Three orogenies were recognized during the 1990s: the East African Orogeny () and Kuunga orogeny (including the Malagasy Orogeny in southern Madagascar) (), the collision between East Gondwana and East Africa in two steps, and the Brasiliano orogeny (), the successive collision between South American and African cratons.


Context: what is postelsia?

Context: The sea palm

Context: from where does it get its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: In California

Context: are any fossils available?

Context: is it edible?

Context: what are its geological features?

Context: where is this ocean?

Context: what are the subdivisions of the ocean?

Context: when was the first ancient continent mentioned above formed?

Context: The assembly of Gondwana was a protracted process during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic, which however remains incompletely understood because of the lack of paleo-magnetic data.

Question: which plants were found on the second ancient continent?

Answer: Pine trees, flowering plants.

Explanation: Pine trees evolved in the early Mesozoic c. 250 Mya and the pine genus originated in Laurasia in the Early Cretaceous c. 130 Mya in competition with faster growing flowering plants.

Laurasia [SEP] Flora and fauna

Crocodiles also diversified during the Early Cretaceous but were divided into Laurasian and Gondwanan populations; modern crocodiles evolved from the former. The distribution of the three major groups of dinosaurs – the theropods, sauropods, and ornithischians – was similar that of the crocodiles. East Asia remained isolated with endemic species including psittacosaurs (horned dinosaurs) and Ankylosauridae (club-tailed, armoured dinosaurs).


Context: what is postelsia?

Context: The sea palm

Context: from where does it get its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: In California

Context: are any fossils available?

Context: is it edible?

Context: what are its geological features?

Context: where is this ocean?

Context: what are the subdivisions of the ocean?

Context: which plants were found on the second ancient continent?

Context: Pine trees, flowering plants.

Question: were there any animals too?

Answer: Yes, archosaurs, i.e. crocodiles and dinosaurs including birds

Laurasia [SEP] Flora and fauna

Pines adapted to cold and arid climates in environments were the growing season was shorter or wildfire common; this evolution limited pine range to between 31° and 50° north and resulted in a split into two subgenera: "Strobus" adapted to stressful environments and "Pinus" to fire-prone landscapes. By the end of the Cretaceous pines were established across Laurasia, from North America to East Asia. From the Triassic to the Early Jurassic, before the break-up of Pangaea, archosaurs (crocodiles and dinosaurs including birds) had a global distribution. This cosmopolitanism ended as Gondwana fragmented and Laurasia was assembled. Pterosaur diversity reach a maximum in the Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous and plate tectonic didn't affect the distribution of these flying reptiles.


Question: what is fresh blood?

Answer: The seventh episode of "Supernatural"s third season.

Fresh Blood (Supernatural) [SEP] Introduction

"Fresh Blood" is the seventh episode of the paranormal drama "Supernatural"s third season on The CW, and is the show's fifty-first episode overall. The episode was written by Sera Gamble and directed by Kim Manners; it was first broadcast on November 15, 2007. The narrative follows the series' protagonists Sam (Jared Padalecki) and Dean Winchester (Jensen Ackles) as they have their final confrontation with hunter Gordon Walker (Sterling K. Brown), who has been turned into a vampire. It also features the demise of recurring antagonist Gordon Walker. Brown, who was forced to leave the show due to commitments to the Lifetime Television series "Army Wives", was horrified at Gordon's actions in the episode.


Context: what is fresh blood?

Context: The seventh episode of "Supernatural"s third season.

Question: which channel aired it?

Answer: The CW.

Explanation: "Fresh Blood" is the seventh episode of the paranormal drama "Supernatural"s third season on The CW,


Context: what is fresh blood?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: The CW.

Question: where are they based in?

Answer: America.

The CW [SEP] Introduction

The CW Television Network (commonly referred to as just The CW) is an American English-language free-to-air television network that is operated by The CW Network, LLC, a limited liability joint venture between the CBS Entertainment Group unit of ViacomCBS; and the Studios and Networks division of AT&T's WarnerMedia, the parent company of Warner Bros., former majority owner of The WB. The network's name is an abbreviation derived from the first letters of the names of its two parent corporations (CBS and Warner Media.). The CW Television Network made its debut on September 18, 2006, after its two predecessors, UPN and The WB, respectively ceased independent operations on September 15 and 17 of that year.


Context: what is fresh blood?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: The CW.

Context: where are they based in?

Context: America.

Question: when was it launched?

Answer: On September 18, 2006.

The CW [SEP] 2006–2011: Launch and early struggles

Like both UPN and The WB, The CW targets its programming towards younger audiences. CBS and Time Warner hoped that combining their networks' schedules and affiliate lineups would strengthen The CW into a fifth "major" broadcast network. One week before the network's official launch, on September 11, 2006, a new, full version of the network website was launched; the website began to feature more in-depth information about The CW's shows. The CW launched with a premiere special / launch party from the CBS Paramount-produced "Entertainment Tonight" at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California on September 18, 2006, after a repeat of the tenth-season finale of "7th Heaven"; the same schedule was repeated on September 19, with the sixth-season finale of "Gilmore Girls" airing in the second hour of prime time.


Context: what is fresh blood?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: The CW.

Context: where are they based in?

Context: America.

Context: when was it launched?

Context: On September 18, 2006.

Question: what was the first programme to be telecasted?

Answer: Entertainment Tonight.

Explanation: The CW launched with a premiere special / launch party from the CBS Paramount-produced "Entertainment Tonight" at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California on September 18, 2006,


Context: what is fresh blood?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: The CW.

Context: where are they based in?

Context: America.

Context: when was it launched?

Context: On September 18, 2006.

Context: what was the first programme to be telecasted?

Context: Entertainment Tonight.

Question: who produced it?

Answer: CBS Paramount.

Explanation: The CW launched with a premiere special / launch party from the CBS Paramount-produced "Entertainment Tonight


Context: what is fresh blood?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: The CW.

Context: where are they based in?

Context: America.

Context: when was it launched?

Context: On September 18, 2006.

Context: Entertainment Tonight.

Context: who produced it?

Context: CBS Paramount.

Question: what sorts of programmes for children do they show?

Answer: Power Rangers, Lost GalaxyChaotic and Yu-Gi-Oh!

The CW [SEP] Children's programming

"Kids' WB" ended its run on May 17, 2008 (though some CW affiliates that delayed the block to Sundays, such as Atlanta O&O WUPA, aired the block for the last time on May 18). The following week on May 24, 4Kids took over responsibility for The CW's Saturday morning children's lineup, with the debut of a new block called "The CW4Kids". The block's lineup initially consisted mostly of programs carried over from "Kids' WB", before eventually adding 4Kids-produced shows such as "Chaotic" as well as new seasons of "Yu-Gi-Oh!" and "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". The block was rebranded into "Toonzai" on August 14, 2010 (though The CW4Kids name was retained as a sub-brand to fulfill branding obligations that the network had to comply with per 4Kids Entertainment's contract to lease The CW's Saturday morning timeslots); "Toonzai" ended its run on August 18, 2012.


Context: what is fresh blood?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: The CW.

Context: where are they based in?

Context: America.

Context: when was it launched?

Context: On September 18, 2006.

Context: Entertainment Tonight.

Context: who produced it?

Context: CBS Paramount.

Context: what sorts of programmes for children do they show?

Context: Power Rangers, Lost GalaxyChaotic and Yu-Gi-Oh!

Question: from when did the channel began the children programmes?

Answer: September 1995.

The CW [SEP] Children's programming

On September 23, 2006, the "Kids' WB" children's programming block – which originated on The WB in September 1995 and continued to be produced by Warner Bros. Television – was carried over to The CW as part of its inaugural programming lineup; although the network on which it originated ceased operations the week before, the "Kids' WB" branding was retained for the block. On October 2, 2007, through a joint decision between corporate parents Warner Bros. Television and CBS Corporation, The CW announced that it would discontinue the "Kids' WB" block due to competition from cable channels aimed at the demographic such as Cartoon Network, (which carried many series shared with the block and vice versa), Nickelodeon and Disney Channel, as well as the effects of children's advertising limits, and would sell the programming rights to the network's Saturday morning block to 4Kids Entertainment (which at the time of the announcement, had produced a competing children's programming block, "4Kids TV", for Fox).


Context: what is fresh blood?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: The CW.

Context: where are they based in?

Context: America.

Context: when was it launched?

Context: On September 18, 2006.

Context: Entertainment Tonight.

Context: who produced it?

Context: CBS Paramount.

Context: from when did the channel began the children programmes?

Context: September 1995.

Question: what kind of show is the third one mentioned above?

Answer: An anime adaptation.

Yu-Gi-Oh! [SEP] "Yu-Gi-Oh!" (1998 TV series)

The first "Yu-Gi-Oh!" anime adaptation was produced by Toei Animation and aired on TV Asahi between April 4, 1998 and October 10, 1998, running for 27 episodes and one theatrical movie released on the 6th March, 1999. This adaptation was never released outside Japan. This series is heavily abridged from the manga, skipping many chapters, and often changes details of the manga stories it does adapt, featuring several key differences from the manga. It also adds a new regular character to the group, Miho Nosaka, who was originally a one-shot minor character in the manga. This adaptation is not related to any other works in the franchise.


Context: what is fresh blood?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: The CW.

Context: where are they based in?

Context: America.

Context: when was it launched?

Context: On September 18, 2006.

Context: Entertainment Tonight.

Context: who produced it?

Context: CBS Paramount.

Context: September 1995.

Context: what kind of show is the third one mentioned above?

Context: An anime adaptation.

Question: who is the main character?

Answer: Yugi Mutou.

Yu-Gi-Oh! [SEP] Plot

"Yu-Gi-Oh!" tells the tale of Yugi Mutou, a timid young boy who loves all sorts of games, but is often bullied around. One day, he solves an ancient puzzle known as the , causing his body to play host to a mysterious spirit with the personality of a gambler. From that moment onwards, whenever Yugi or one of his friends is threatened by those with darkness in their hearts, this other Yugi shows himself and challenges them to dangerous which reveal the true nature of someone's heart, the losers of these contests often being subjected to a dark punishment called a .


Context: what is fresh blood?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: The CW.

Context: where are they based in?

Context: America.

Context: when was it launched?

Context: On September 18, 2006.

Context: Entertainment Tonight.

Context: who produced it?

Context: CBS Paramount.

Context: September 1995.

Context: An anime adaptation.

Context: who is the main character?

Context: Yugi Mutou.

Question: in which channel was it aired?

Answer: TV Asahi.

Explanation: The first "Yu-Gi-Oh!" anime adaptation was produced by Toei Animation and aired on TV Asahi between April 4


Context: what is fresh blood?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: The CW.

Context: where are they based in?

Context: America.

Context: when was it launched?

Context: On September 18, 2006.

Context: Entertainment Tonight.

Context: who produced it?

Context: CBS Paramount.

Context: September 1995.

Context: An anime adaptation.

Context: who is the main character?

Context: Yugi Mutou.

Context: in which channel was it aired?

Context: TV Asahi.

Question: who animated it?

Answer: Studio Gallop.

Yu-Gi-Oh! [SEP] Introduction

Two anime adaptations were produced; one by Toei Animation, which aired from April to October 1998, and another produced by NAS and animated by Studio Gallop titled "Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters", which aired between April 2000 and September 2004. The manga series has spawned a media franchise that includes multiple spin-off manga and anime series, a trading card game, and numerous video games. Most of the incarnations of the franchise involve the fictional trading card game known as "Duel Monsters", where each player uses cards to "duel" each other in a mock battle of fantasy "monsters". This forms the basis for the real life "Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game".


Question: directions to i-70 east from my current location

Answer: Transcontinental Interstate Highway in the United States,

Interstate 70 in Colorado [SEP] Introduction

Interstate 70 (I-70) is a transcontinental Interstate Highway in the United States, stretching from Cove Fort, Utah, to Baltimore, Maryland. In Colorado, the highway traverses an east–west route across the center of the state. In western Colorado, the highway connects the metropolitan areas of Grand Junction and Denver via a route through the Rocky Mountains. In eastern Colorado, the highway crosses the Great Plains, connecting Denver with metropolitan areas in Kansas and Missouri. Bicycles and other non-motorized vehicles, normally prohibited on Interstate Highways, are allowed on those stretches of I-70 in the Rockies where no other through route exists. The U.S.


Context: directions to i-70 east from my current location

Context: Transcontinental Interstate Highway in the United States,

Question: when was it opened for public?

Answer: October 14, 1992.

Explanation: y System. The portion through Glenwood Canyon was completed on October 14, 1992. This was one of the final pieces of the Interstate Highway System to open to traffic, and is one of the most expensive rural highways per mile built in the United States. The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) earned the 1993 Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement Award from the

The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) earned the 1993 Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement Award from the American Society of Civil Engineers for the completion of I-70 through the canyon. When the Interstate Highway system was in the planning stages, the western terminus of I-70 was proposed to be at Denver. The portion west of Denver was included into the plans after lobbying by Governor Edwin C. Johnson, for whom one of the tunnels along I-70 is named. East of Idaho Springs, I-70 was built along the corridor of U.S. Highway 40, one of the original transcontinental U.S. Highways. West of Idaho Springs, I-70 was built along the route of U.S.


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Question: is it located on the banks of any river?

Answer: Yes Colorado river

Explanation: 70 enters Colorado from Utah, concurrent with US 6 and US 50, on a plateau between the north rim of Ruby Canyon of the Colorado River and the south rim of the Book Cliffs. The plateau ends just past the state line and the highway descends into the Grand Valley, formed by the Colorado River and its tributaries. The Grand Valley is home to several towns and small cities that form the Grand Junction Metropolitan Statistical Area, the largest conurbation in the area regionally known as the Western Slope. The highway directly serves the communities of Fruita, Grand Junction and Palisade. Grand Junction is the largest city between Denver and Salt Lake City and serves as the economic hub of the area. The freeway passes to the north of downtown, while US 6 and 50 retain their original routes through downtown. US 6 rejoins I-70 east of Grand Junction; US 50 departs on a

Interstate 70 in Colorado [SEP] Colorado River

I-70 enters Colorado from Utah, concurrent with US 6 and US 50, on a plateau between the north rim of Ruby Canyon of the Colorado River and the south rim of the Book Cliffs. The plateau ends just past the state line and the highway descends into the Grand Valley, formed by the Colorado River and its tributaries. The Grand Valley is home to several towns and small cities that form the Grand Junction Metropolitan Statistical Area, the largest conurbation in the area regionally known as the Western Slope. The highway directly serves the communities of Fruita, Grand Junction and Palisade.


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: is it located on the banks of any river?

Context: Yes Colorado river

Question: how long is it?

Answer: It stretches' from Cove Fort, Utah, to Baltimore, Maryland

Explanation: Interstate 70 (I-70) is a transcontinental Interstate Highway in the United States, stretching from Cove Fort, Utah, to Baltimore, Maryland. In Colorado, the highway traverses an east–west route across the center of the state. In western Colorado, the highway connects the metropolitan areas of Grand Junction and Denver via a route through the Rocky Mountains. In eastern Colorado, the highway crosses the Great Plains, c


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: It stretches' from Cove Fort, Utah, to Baltimore, Maryland

Question: which main tributaries does it have?

Answer: It is joined by over 25 significant tributaries, of which the Green River is the largest by both length and discharge.

Colorado River [SEP] Major tributaries

The Colorado is joined by over 25 significant tributaries, of which the Green River is the largest by both length and discharge. The Green River takes drainage from the Wind River Range of west-central Wyoming, from Utah's Uinta Mountains, and from the Rockies of northwestern Colorado. The Gila River is the second longest and drains a greater area than the Green, but has a significantly lower flow because of a more arid climate and larger diversions for irrigation and cities. Both the Gunnison and San Juan rivers, which derive most of their water from Rocky Mountains snowmelt, contribute more water than the Gila contributed naturally.


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: It is joined by over 25 significant tributaries, of which the Green River is the largest by both length and discharge.

Question: what type of people can be seen here?

Answer: Paleo-Indians of the Clovis and Folsom cultures, who first arrived on the Colorado Plateau about 12,000 years ago

Colorado River [SEP] Indigenous peoples

The first humans of the Colorado River basin were likely Paleo-Indians of the Clovis and Folsom cultures, who first arrived on the Colorado Plateau about 12,000 years ago. Very little human activity occurred in the watershed until the rise of the Desert Archaic Culture, which from 8,000 to 2,000 years ago constituted most of the region's human population. These prehistoric inhabitants led a generally nomadic lifestyle, gathering plants and hunting small animals (though some of the earliest peoples hunted larger mammals that became extinct in North America after the end of the Pleistocene epoch). Another notable early group was the Fremont culture, whose peoples inhabited the Colorado Plateau from 2,000 to 700 years ago.


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: Paleo-Indians of the Clovis and Folsom cultures, who first arrived on the Colorado Plateau about 12,000 years ago

Question: when was it explored first?

Answer: During the 18th and early 19th centuries,

Colorado River [SEP] Early explorers

Kino's 1701 map, "Paso por Tierra a la California," is the first known map to label the river as the Colorado. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, many Americans and Spanish believed in the existence of the Buenaventura River, purported to run from the Rocky Mountains in Utah or Colorado to the Pacific Ocean. The name "Buenaventura" was given to the Green River by Silvestre Vélez de Escalante as early as 1776, but Escalante did not know that the Green drained to the Colorado. Many later maps showed the headwaters of the Green and Colorado rivers connecting with the Sevier River (Rio San Ysabel) and Utah Lake (Lake Timpanogos) before flowing west through the Sierra Nevada into California.


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: During the 18th and early 19th centuries,

Question: by whom?

Answer: John C. Frémont's

Colorado River [SEP] Early explorers

Mountain man Jedediah Smith reached the lower Colorado by way of the Virgin River canyon in 1826. Smith called the Colorado the "Seedskeedee", as the Green River in Wyoming was known to fur trappers, correctly believing it to be a continuation of the Green and not a separate river as others believed under the Buenaventura myth. John C. Frémont's 1843 Great Basin expedition proved that no river traversed the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada, officially debunking the Buenaventura myth.


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: by whom?

Context: John C. Frémont's

Question: who was he?

Answer: American explorer, military officer, and politician

Explanation: John Charles Frémont or Fremont (January 21, 1813July 13, 1890) was an American explorer, military officer, and politician. He was a U.S. Senator from California, and in 1856 was the first Republican nominee for President of the United States. He was an opponent of slavery.

John C. Frémont [SEP] Introduction

These cases were settled by the U.S. Supreme Court, which allowed Frémont to keep his property. Frémont's fifth and final privately funded expedition, between 1853 and 1854, surveyed a route for a transcontinental railroad. Frémont became one of the first two U.S. senators elected from the new state of California in 1850. Frémont was the first presidential candidate of the new Republican Party, carrying most of the North. He lost the 1856 presidential election to Democrat James Buchanan when Know Nothings split the vote. At the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861, he was given command of Department of the West by President Abraham Lincoln.


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: by whom?

Context: John C. Frémont's

Context: who was he?

Context: American explorer, military officer, and politician

Question: where did he study?

Answer: Charleston College

John C. Frémont [SEP] Early life, education, and career

Frémont, knowing his origins and coming from relatively modest means, grew up a proud, reserved, restless loner who although self-disciplined, was ready to prove himself and unwilling to play by the rules. The young Frémont was considered to be "precious, handsome, and daring," having the ability of obtaining protectors. A lawyer, John W. Mitchell, provided for Frémont's early education whereupon Frémont in May 1829 entered Charleston College, teaching at intervals in the countryside, but was expelled for irregular attendance in 1831. Frémont, however, had been grounded in mathematics and natural sciences. Frémont attracted the attention of eminent South Carolina politician Joel R.


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: by whom?

Context: John C. Frémont's

Context: who was he?

Context: where did he study?

Context: Charleston College

Question: when did he start his explorations?

Answer: 1842

Explanation: hen Nicollet was too ill to continue any further explorations, Frémont was chosen to be his successor. His first important expedition was planned by Benton, Senator Lewis Linn, and other Westerners interested in acquiring the Oregon Territory. The scientific expedition started in the summer of 1842 and was to explore the Wind River of the Rocky Mountains, examine the Oregon Trail through the South Pass, and report on the rivers and the fertility of the lands, find optimal sites for forts, and describe the mountains beyond in Wyoming. By chance meeting, Frémont was able to gain the valuable assistance of mountain man and guide Kit Carson. Frémont and his party of 25 men, including Carson, embarked from the Kansas River on June 15, 1842, following the Platte River to the South Pass, and starting from Green River he explored the Wind River Range. Frémont climbed a 13,745-foot mountain, "Frémont's Peak", planted an American flag, claiming the Rocky Mountains and the West for the United Sta

John C. Frémont [SEP] First expedition (1842)

When Nicollet was too ill to continue any further explorations, Frémont was chosen to be his successor. His first important expedition was planned by Benton, Senator Lewis Linn, and other Westerners interested in acquiring the Oregon Territory. The scientific expedition started in the summer of 1842 and was to explore the Wind River of the Rocky Mountains, examine the Oregon Trail through the South Pass, and report on the rivers and the fertility of the lands, find optimal sites for forts, and describe the mountains beyond in Wyoming. By chance meeting, Frémont was able to gain the valuable assistance of mountain man and guide Kit Carson.


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: by whom?

Context: John C. Frémont's

Context: who was he?

Context: where did he study?

Context: Charleston College

Context: when did he start his explorations?

Question: where did he explore first?

Answer: Wind River of the Rocky Mountains, Oregon Trail through the South Pass,

Explanation: hen Nicollet was too ill to continue any further explorations, Frémont was chosen to be his successor. His first important expedition was planned by Benton, Senator Lewis Linn, and other Westerners interested in acquiring the Oregon Territory. The scientific expedition started in the summer of 1842 and was to explore the Wind River of the Rocky Mountains, examine the Oregon Trail through the South Pass, and report on the rivers and the fertility of the lands, find optimal sites for forts, and describe the mountains beyond in Wyoming. By chance


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: by whom?

Context: John C. Frémont's

Context: who was he?

Context: where did he study?

Context: Charleston College

Context: when did he start his explorations?

Context: where did he explore first?

Context: Wind River of the Rocky Mountains, Oregon Trail through the South Pass,

Question: has he organized any event?

Answer: Yes Sacramento River massacre

John C. Frémont [SEP] Events in California and Oregon Country (1845–1846)

Frémont and his men withdrew and camped near the summit of what is now named Fremont Peak. Headstrong and with much audacity, Frémont raised the United States Flag in defiance of Mexican authority. Playing for time, after a four-day standoff and Castro having a superior number of Mexican troops, Frémont and his men went north to Oregon, conducting the Sacramento River massacre along the way. They eventually made camp at Klamath Lake. On May 8, Frémont was overtaken by Lieutenant Archibald Gillespie from Washington, who gave him copies of dispatches he had previously given to Larkin. Gillespie told Frémont secret instructions from Benton and Buchanan justifying aggressive action and that a declaration of war with Mexico was imminent.


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: by whom?

Context: John C. Frémont's

Context: who was he?

Context: where did he study?

Context: Charleston College

Context: when did he start his explorations?

Context: where did he explore first?

Context: has he organized any event?

Context: Yes Sacramento River massacre

Question: what was this about?

Answer: It refers to the killing of several hundred Wintu people on the banks of the Sacramento River on 5 April 1846 by an expedition band led by Captain John C. Frémont of Virginia.

Explanation: The Sacramento River massacre refers to the killing of several hundred Wintu people on the banks of the Sacramento River on 5 April 1846 by an expedition band led by Captain John C. Frémont of Virginia.

Sacramento River massacre [SEP] Introduction


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: by whom?

Context: John C. Frémont's

Context: who was he?

Context: where did he study?

Context: Charleston College

Context: when did he start his explorations?

Context: where did he explore first?

Context: has he organized any event?

Context: Yes Sacramento River massacre

Context: what was this about?

Context: It refers to the killing of several hundred Wintu people on the banks of the Sacramento River on 5 April 1846 by an expedition band led by Captain John C. Frémont of Virginia.

Question: is there any place named after him?

Answer: he is commemorated by many places and other things named in his honor.

Explanation: Frémont is commemorated by many places and other things named in his honor.

John C. Frémont [SEP] Places and organizations named in commemoration


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: by whom?

Context: John C. Frémont's

Context: who was he?

Context: where did he study?

Context: Charleston College

Context: when did he start his explorations?

Context: where did he explore first?

Context: has he organized any event?

Context: Yes Sacramento River massacre

Context: what was this about?

Context: is there any place named after him?

Context: he is commemorated by many places and other things named in his honor.

Question: did he fight any war?

Answer: Yes the American Civil War

Explanation: At the start of the Civil War, Frémont was touring Europe in an attempt to find financial backers in his California "Las Mariposas" estate ranch. President Abraham Lincoln wanted to appoint Frémont as the American minister to France, thereby taking advantage of his French ancestry and the popularity in Europe of his anti-slavery positions. However Secretary of State William Henry Seward objected to Frémont's radicalism, and the appointment was not made. Instead, Lincoln appointed Frémont Union Army Major General on May 15, 1861. He arrived in Boston from England on June 27, 1861, and Lincoln promoted him Commander of the Department of the West on July 1, 1861. The Western department included the area west of the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River. After Frémont arrived in Washington D.C, he conferenced with Li

John C. Frémont [SEP] American Civil War


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: by whom?

Context: John C. Frémont's

Context: who was he?

Context: where did he study?

Context: Charleston College

Context: when did he start his explorations?

Context: where did he explore first?

Context: has he organized any event?

Context: Yes Sacramento River massacre

Context: what was this about?

Context: is there any place named after him?

Context: did he fight any war?

Context: Yes the American Civil War

Question: when did it happen?

Answer: The civil war began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people. War broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina just over a month after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States.

Explanation: The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States from 1861 to 1865, fought between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to form the Confederate States of America. The civil war began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people. War broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina just over a month after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North, which also included some geographically western and southern states, proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate S

American Civil War [SEP] Introduction


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: by whom?

Context: John C. Frémont's

Context: who was he?

Context: where did he study?

Context: Charleston College

Context: when did he start his explorations?

Context: where did he explore first?

Context: has he organized any event?

Context: Yes Sacramento River massacre

Context: what was this about?

Context: is there any place named after him?

Context: did he fight any war?

Context: Yes the American Civil War

Context: when did it happen?

Context: The civil war began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people. War broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina just over a month after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States.

Question: has he assumed any political positions?

Answer: He was the president of the Radical Republicans

Explanation: In 1860 the Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln for president, who won the presidency and then ran for re-election in 1864. The Radical Republicans, a group of hard-line abolitionists, were upset with Lincoln's positions on the issues of slavery and post-war reconciliation with the southern states. These radicals had bitterly resented Lincoln's dismissal of Frémont in 1861 over his emancipation edict in St. Louis. On May 31, 1864, the short-lived "Radical Democracy Party" nominated Frémont (age 51) for president in Cleveland. Frémont was supported by Radical Republicans, immigrants from Western Germany, and War Democrats. This fissure in the Republican Party divided the party into two factions: the anti-Lincoln Radical Republicans, who nominated Frémont, and the pro-Lincoln Republicans. On September 22, 1862, Lincoln had issued his own Emancipation Proclamation, effective January 1, 1863

John C. Frémont [SEP] Presidential candidate Radical Democracy Party (1864)


Context: when was it opened for public?

Context: October 14, 1992.

Context: Yes Colorado river

Context: how long is it?

Context: which main tributaries does it have?

Context: what type of people can be seen here?

Context: when was it explored first?

Context: by whom?

Context: John C. Frémont's

Context: who was he?

Context: where did he study?

Context: Charleston College

Context: when did he start his explorations?

Context: where did he explore first?

Context: has he organized any event?

Context: Yes Sacramento River massacre

Context: what was this about?

Context: is there any place named after him?

Context: did he fight any war?

Context: Yes the American Civil War

Context: when did it happen?

Context: has he assumed any political positions?

Context: He was the president of the Radical Republicans

Question: when did he die?

Answer: In April 1890,

John C. Frémont [SEP] Later life, Arizona territorial governor, and death

Frémont was appointed Governor of the Arizona Territory by President Rutherford B. Hayes and served from 1878 to 1881. He spent little time in Arizona, and was asked to resume his duties in person or resign; Frémont chose resignation. Destitute, the family depended on the publication earnings of his wife Jessie. Frémont lived on Staten Island in retirement. In April 1890, he was reappointed as a major general and then added to the Army's retired list, an action taken to ease his financial condition by enabling him to qualify for a pension.


Question: mercury is good or bad conductor of heat

Answer: Bad conductor of heat

Mercury (element) [SEP] Physical properties

Mercury is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal. Compared to other metals, it is a poor conductor of heat, but a fair conductor of electricity. It has a freezing point of −38.83 °C and a boiling point of 356.73 °C, both the lowest of any stable metal, although preliminary experiments on copernicium and flerovium have indicated that they have even lower boiling points (copernicium being the element below mercury in the periodic table, following the trend of decreasing boiling points down group 12). Upon freezing, the volume of mercury decreases by 3.59% and its density changes from 13.69 g/cm when liquid to 14.184 g/cm when solid.


Context: mercury is good or bad conductor of heat

Context: Bad conductor of heat

Question: what is this bad conductor?

Answer: It is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80

Mercury (element) [SEP] Introduction

Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum ( ). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is the halogen bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). The red pigment vermilion is obtained by grinding natural cinnabar or synthetic mercuric sulfide.


Context: Bad conductor of heat

Context: what is this bad conductor?

Context: It is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80

Question: what are its physical characteristics?

Answer: It  is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal, it has a freezing point of −38.83 °C and a boiling point of 356.73 °C, upon freezing, the volume of mercury decreases by 3.59% and its density changes from 13.69 g/cm when liquid to 14.184 g/cm when solid, solid mercury is malleable and ductile and can be cut with a knife.

Explanation:
Mercury is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal. Compared to other metals, it is a poor conductor of heat, but a fair conductor of electricity.

It has a freezing point of −38.83 °C and a boiling point of 356.73 °C, both the lowest of any stable metal, although preliminary experiments on copernicium and flerovium have indicated that they have even lower boiling points (copernicium being the element below mercury in the periodic table, following the trend of decreasing boiling points down group 12). Upon freezing, the volume of mercury decreases by 3.59% and its density changes from 13.69 g/cm when liquid to 14.184 g/cm when solid. The coefficient of volume expansion is 181.59 × 10 at 0 °C, 181.71 × 10 at 20 °C and 182.50 × 10 at 100 °C (per °C). Solid mercury is malleable and ductile and can be cut with a knife.


Context: Bad conductor of heat

Context: what is this bad conductor?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: It  is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal, it has a freezing point of −38.83 °C and a boiling point of 356.73 °C, upon freezing, the volume of mercury decreases by 3.59% and its density changes from 13.69 g/cm when liquid to 14.184 g/cm when solid, solid mercury is malleable and ductile and can be cut with a knife.

Question: what is this aforesaid point mentioned?

Answer: The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor

Boiling point [SEP] Introduction

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor. The boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding environmental pressure. A liquid in a partial vacuum has a lower boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. A liquid at high pressure has a higher boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. For example, water boils at at sea level, but at at altitude. For a given pressure, different liquids will boil at different temperatures.


Context: Bad conductor of heat

Context: what is this bad conductor?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: what is this aforesaid point mentioned?

Context: The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor

Question: what is its role as a reference of a compoud?

Answer: The normal boiling point can serve as an indication of that compound's overall volatility

Boiling point [SEP] Boiling point as a reference property of a pure compound

As can be seen from the above plot of the logarithm of the vapor pressure vs. the temperature for any given pure chemical compound, its normal boiling point can serve as an indication of that compound's overall volatility. A given pure compound has only one normal boiling point, if any, and a compound's normal boiling point and melting point can serve as characteristic physical properties for that compound, listed in reference books. The higher a compound's normal boiling point, the less volatile that compound is overall, and conversely, the lower a compound's normal boiling point, the more volatile that compound is overall.


Context: Bad conductor of heat

Context: what is this bad conductor?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: what is this aforesaid point mentioned?

Context: what is its role as a reference of a compoud?

Context: The normal boiling point can serve as an indication of that compound's overall volatility

Question: what is its temperature saturation level?

Answer: Saturation temperature means "boiling point", the saturation temperature is the temperature for a corresponding saturation pressure at which a liquid boils into its vapor phase

Boiling point [SEP] Saturation temperature and pressure

A "saturated liquid" contains as much thermal energy as it can without boiling (or conversely a "saturated vapor" contains as little thermal energy as it can without condensing). Saturation temperature means "boiling point". The saturation temperature is the temperature for a corresponding saturation pressure at which a liquid boils into its vapor phase. The liquid can be said to be saturated with thermal energy. Any addition of thermal energy results in a phase transition. If the pressure in a system remains constant (isobaric), a vapor at saturation temperature will begin to condense into its liquid phase as thermal energy (heat) is removed.


Context: Bad conductor of heat

Context: what is this bad conductor?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: what is this aforesaid point mentioned?

Context: what is its temperature saturation level?

Context: Saturation temperature means "boiling point", the saturation temperature is the temperature for a corresponding saturation pressure at which a liquid boils into its vapor phase

Question: what is the historical account behind the aforesaid element?

Answer: Mercury was found in Egyptian tombs that date from 1500 BC

Mercury (element) [SEP] History

Mercury was found in Egyptian tombs that date from 1500 BC. In China and Tibet, mercury use was thought to prolong life, heal fractures, and maintain generally good health, although it is now known that exposure to mercury vapor leads to serious adverse health effects. The first emperor of China, Qín Shǐ Huáng Dì—allegedly buried in a tomb that contained rivers of flowing mercury on a model of the land he ruled, representative of the rivers of China—was killed by drinking a mercury and powdered jade mixture formulated by Qin alchemists (causing liver failure, mercury poisoning, and brain death) who intended to give him eternal life.


Context: Bad conductor of heat

Context: what is this bad conductor?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: what is this aforesaid point mentioned?

Context: what is the historical account behind the aforesaid element?

Context: Mercury was found in Egyptian tombs that date from 1500 BC

Question: what is known about this mentioned country?

Answer: Egypt,  officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula

Egypt [SEP] Introduction

Egypt ( ; ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip (Palestine) and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia, and across the Mediterranean lie Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, although none share a land border with Egypt.


Context: Bad conductor of heat

Context: what is this bad conductor?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: what is this aforesaid point mentioned?

Context: what is known about this mentioned country?

Context: Egypt,  officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula

Question: what is this peninsula?

Answer: The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia.

Sinai Peninsula [SEP] Introduction

The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai ( ) is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia. It is situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a land bridge between Asia and Africa. Sinai has a land area of about (6 percent of Egypt's total area) and a population of approximately 600,000 people. Administratively, the vast majority of the area of the Sinai Peninsula is divided into two governorates: the South Sinai Governorate and the North Sinai Governorate. Three other governorates span the Suez Canal, crossing into African Egypt: Suez Governorate on the southern end of the Suez Canal, Ismailia Governorate in the center, and Port Said Governorate in the north.


Context: Bad conductor of heat

Context: what is this bad conductor?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: what is this aforesaid point mentioned?

Context: what is this peninsula?

Context: The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia.

Question: where is it located?

Answer: It is situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a land bridge between Asia and Africa.

Explanation: It is situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a land bridge between Asia and Africa.

Sinai Peninsula [SEP] Introduction


Context: Bad conductor of heat

Context: what is this bad conductor?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: what is this aforesaid point mentioned?

Context: what is this peninsula?

Context: where is it located?

Context: It is situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a land bridge between Asia and Africa.

Question: what happened to it during persian period?

Answer: At the end of the time of Darius I, the Great Sinai was part of the Persian province of Abar-Nahra, which means 'beyond the river

Explanation:
At the end of the time of Darius I, the Great (521–486 BCE) Sinai was part of the Persian province of Abar-Nahra, which means 'beyond the river [Euphrates]'.

Cambyses successfully managed the crossing of the hostile Sinai Desert, traditionally Egypt's first and strongest line of defence, and brought the Egyptians under Psamtik III, son and successor of Ahmose, to battle at Pelusium. The Egyptians lost and retired to Memphis; the city fell to the Persian control and the Pharaoh was carried off in captivity to Susa in Persia.

Sinai Peninsula [SEP] Achaemenid Persian Period


Question: movie indiana jones and the last crusade cast

Answer: Michael Sheard, Ronald Lacey

Explanation: Michael Sheard appears as Adolf Hitler, whom Jones briefly encounters at the book-burning rally in Berlin. Although a non-speaking role, Sheard could speak German and had already portrayed Hitler three times during his career. He had also appeared as Admiral Ozzel in "The Empire Strikes Back" and as Oskar Schomburg in "Raiders of the Lost Ark". In the same scene, Ronald Lacey, who played Toht in "Raiders of the Lost Ark", cameos as Heinrich Himmler. Alexei Sayle played the sultan of Hatay. Paul Maxwell portrayed "the man with the Panama Hat" who took possession of the Cross of Coronado. Wrestler and stuntman Pat Roach, who played three roles in the previous two films, made a short cameo as the Nazi who accompanies Vogel to the Zeppelin. Roach was set to film a fight with Ford, but it was cut. In a deleted scene, Roach's agent boards the second biplane on the Zeppelin with a World War I flying ace (played by Frederick Jaeger), only for the pair to fall to their deaths after the flying a

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade [SEP] Cast

Additionally, Michael Byrne portrays Ernst Vogel, a brutal "SS" colonel. Byrne and Ford had previously starred in "Force 10 from Navarone" (1978), in which they also respectively played a German and an American. Kevork Malikyan portrays Kazim, The leader of the Brotherhood of the Cruciform Sword, an organization that protects the Holy Grail. Malikyan had impressed Spielberg with his performance in "Midnight Express" (1978) and would have auditioned for the role of Sallah in "Raiders of the Lost Ark" had a traffic jam not delayed his meeting with the director. Robert Eddison appears as the Grail Knight, the guardian of the Grail who drank from the cup of Christ during the Crusades and is immortal as long as he stays within the temple.


Context: movie indiana jones and the last crusade cast

Context: Michael Sheard, Ronald Lacey

Question: who are these people?

Answer: Actors


Context: Michael Sheard, Ronald Lacey

Context: who are these people?

Context: Actors

Question: when did the above movie release?

Answer: May 24, 1989

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade [SEP] Introduction

During the five years between "The Temple of Doom" and "The Last Crusade", he and executive producer Lucas reviewed several scripts before accepting Jeffrey Boam's. Filming locations included Spain, Italy, West Germany, Jordan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The film was released by Paramount Pictures in North America on May 24, 1989 to mostly positive reviews and was a financial success, earning $474.3 million at the worldwide box office. It won an Academy Award for Best Sound Effects Editing. A sequel, "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull", followed in 2008.


Context: Michael Sheard, Ronald Lacey

Context: who are these people?

Context: Actors

Context: when did the above movie release?

Context: May 24, 1989

Question: what is its storyline?

Answer: It is about 13-year-old Henry "Indiana" Jones, Jr riding with his Boy Scout troop at Arches National Park in Utah

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade [SEP] Plot

In 1912, 13-year-old Henry "Indiana" Jones, Jr is horseback riding with his Boy Scout troop at Arches National Park in Utah. While scouting caves, Indy discovers a group of grave robbers who have found a golden crucifix belonging to Coronado and steals it from them, hoping to donate it to a museum. The men give chase through a passing circus train, leaving Indy with a bloody cut across his chin from a bullwhip and a new phobia of snakes. Indy escapes, but the local sheriff makes him return the cross to the robbers, who immediately turn it over to a mysterious benefactor wearing a Panama Hat.


Context: Michael Sheard, Ronald Lacey

Context: who are these people?

Context: Actors

Context: when did the above movie release?

Context: May 24, 1989

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: It is about 13-year-old Henry "Indiana" Jones, Jr riding with his Boy Scout troop at Arches National Park in Utah

Question: who is the director?

Answer: Steven Spielberg

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg, from a story co-written by executive producer George Lucas. It is the third installment in the "Indiana Jones" franchise. Harrison Ford returned in the title role, while his father is portrayed by Sean Connery. Other cast members featured include Alison Doody, Denholm Elliott, Julian Glover, River Phoenix, and John Rhys-Davies. In the film, set largely in 1938, Indiana searches for his father, a Holy Grail scholar, who has been kidnapped by Nazis. After the mixed reaction to "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom", Spielberg chose to tone down the dark tone and graphic violence in the next installment.


Context: Michael Sheard, Ronald Lacey

Context: who are these people?

Context: Actors

Context: when did the above movie release?

Context: May 24, 1989

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who is the director?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Cincinnati, Ohio

Steven Spielberg [SEP] Early life

Spielberg was born on December 18, 1946 in Cincinnati, Ohio. His mother, Leah ("née" Posner, later Adler; January 12, 1920 – February 21, 2017), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (February 6, 1917 – August 25, 2020), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His family was Orthodox Jewish. Spielberg's paternal grandparents were Jews from Ukraine. immigrants who settled in Cincinnati in the 1900s; his grandmother was from Sudylkiv, while his grandfather was from Kamianets-Podilskyi. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey, when his father took a job with RCA.


Context: Michael Sheard, Ronald Lacey

Context: who are these people?

Context: Actors

Context: when did the above movie release?

Context: May 24, 1989

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who is the director?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio

Question: can you mention a few accolades he has received?

Answer: AFI Life Achievement Award, Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award ,Oscar

Explanation:
Spielberg has won three Academy Awards. He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards for the category of Best Director, winning two of them ("Schindler's List" and "Saving Private Ryan"), and 11 of the films he directed were up for the Best Picture Oscar ("Schindler's List" won). In 1987, he was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award for his work as a creative producer.

Drawing from his own experiences in Scouting, Spielberg helped the Boy Scouts of America develop a merit badge in cinematography in order to help promote filmmaking as a marketable skill. The badge was launched at the 1989 National Scout Jamboree, which Spielberg attended, and where he personally counseled many boys in their work on requirements.
That same year, 1989, saw the release of "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade". The opening scene shows a teenage Indiana Jones in scout uniform bearing the rank of a Life Scout. Spielberg stated he made Indiana Jones a Boy Scout in honor of his experience in Scouting.

Steven Spielberg [SEP] Awards and honors


Context: Michael Sheard, Ronald Lacey

Context: who are these people?

Context: Actors

Context: when did the above movie release?

Context: May 24, 1989

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who is the director?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio

Context: can you mention a few accolades he has received?

Context: AFI Life Achievement Award, Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award ,Oscar

Question: what was his directorial debut?

Answer: He directed  pilot episode of Night Gallery

Steven Spielberg [SEP] 1970s

His first professional TV job came when he was hired to direct one of the segments for the 1969 pilot episode of "Night Gallery", written by Rod Serling and starring Joan Crawford. Crawford, however, was "speechless, and then horrified" at the thought of a twenty-one-year-old newcomer directing her, one of Hollywood's leading stars. "Why was this happening to me?" she asked the producer. Her attitude changed after they began working on her scenes: She and Spielberg were reportedly close friends until her death. The episode is unusual in his body of work, in that the camerawork is more highly stylized than his later, more "mature" films.


Context: Michael Sheard, Ronald Lacey

Context: who are these people?

Context: Actors

Context: when did the above movie release?

Context: May 24, 1989

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who is the director?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio

Context: what was his directorial debut?

Context: He directed  pilot episode of Night Gallery

Question: which other movies did the second above mentioned actor, star in?

Answer: Porridge,Raiders of the Lost Ark,Blackadder II

Ronald Lacey [SEP] Introduction

Ronald William Lacey (28 September 1935 – 15 May 1991) was an English-born actor of Welsh descent. He made numerous television and film appearances over a 30-year period and is perhaps best remembered for his roles as Harris in "Porridge", Gestapo agent Major Arnold Ernst Toht in "Raiders of the Lost Ark" and the Bishop of Bath and Wells in "Blackadder II".


Context: Michael Sheard, Ronald Lacey

Context: who are these people?

Context: Actors

Context: when did the above movie release?

Context: May 24, 1989

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who is the director?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio

Context: what was his directorial debut?

Context: which other movies did the second above mentioned actor, star in?

Context: Porridge,Raiders of the Lost Ark,Blackadder II

Question: how did he die?

Answer: He was diagnosed with terminal liver cancer and died less than one month later

Explanation: Lacey was diagnosed with terminal liver cancer on 25 April 1991. He died less than one month later, on 15 May 1991, at the age of 55.

Ronald Lacey [SEP] Death


Context: Michael Sheard, Ronald Lacey

Context: who are these people?

Context: Actors

Context: when did the above movie release?

Context: May 24, 1989

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who is the director?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio

Context: what was his directorial debut?

Context: how did he die?

Context: He was diagnosed with terminal liver cancer and died less than one month later

Question: where was the aforementioned movie filmed?

Answer: It was filmed in the grounds of an old brewery outside Baldock on the A505 to Roysto

Porridge (1974 TV series) [SEP] Locations

The prison exterior in the title sequence is the old St Albans prison gatehouse and HM Prison Maidstone, which was also featured in the BBC comedy series "Birds of a Feather" (HMP Slade is referred to in "Birds of a Feather" when the main protagonists' husbands are imprisoned there after reoffending in Series 7). The interior shots of doors being locked were filmed in Shepherds Bush Police Station - the BBC had a good relationship with officers there. In the episode "Pardon Me" Fletcher speaks to Blanco (David Jason) in the prison gardens: this was filmed in the grounds of an old brewery outside Baldock on the A505 to Royston.


Question: who is robert dirks?

Answer: An American chemist known for his theoretical and experimental work in DNA nanotechnology.

Robert Dirks [SEP] Introduction

Robert Dirks (May 29, 1978 – February 3, 2015) was an American chemist known for his theoretical and experimental work in DNA nanotechnology. Born in Thailand to a Thai Chinese mother and American father, he moved to Spokane, Washington at a young age. Dirks was the first graduate student in Niles Pierce's research group at the California Institute of Technology, where his dissertation work was on algorithms and computational tools to analyze nucleic acid thermodynamics and predict their structure. He also performed experimental work developing a biochemical chain reaction to self-assemble nucleic acid devices. Dirks later worked at D. E.


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: An American chemist known for his theoretical and experimental work in DNA nanotechnology.

Question: what is the full form of dna?

Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA [SEP] Introduction

Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides as they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of one of four nitrogen-containing nucleobases (cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A] or thymine [T]), a sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group.


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question: what are the applications of the last technology you mentioned?

Answer: X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins

Explanation: The field is beginning to be used as a tool to solve basic science problems in structural biology and biophysics, including applications in X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins to determine structures. Potential applications in molecular scale electronics and nanomedicine are also being investigated.

DNA nanotechnology [SEP] Introduction

Potential applications in molecular scale electronics and nanomedicine are also being investigated. The conceptual foundation for DNA nanotechnology was first laid out by Nadrian Seeman in the early 1980s, and the field began to attract widespread interest in the mid-2000s. This use of nucleic acids is enabled by their strict base pairing rules, which cause only portions of strands with complementary base sequences to bind together to form strong, rigid double helix structures. This allows for the rational design of base sequences that will selectively assemble to form complex target structures with precisely controlled nanoscale features. Several assembly methods are used to make these structures, including tile-based structures that assemble from smaller structures, folding structures using the DNA origami method, and dynamically reconfigurable structures using strand displacement methods.


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Context: what are the applications of the last technology you mentioned?

Context: X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins

Question: what are its different types of designs?

Answer: Structural design, Sequence design

Explanation:
After any of the above approaches are used to design the secondary structure of a target complex, an actual sequence of nucleotides that will form into the desired structure must be devised. Nucleic acid design is the process of assigning a specific nucleic acid base sequence to each of a structure's constituent strands so that they will associate into a desired conformation. Most methods have the goal of designing sequences so that the target structure has the lowest energy, and is thus the most thermodynamically favorable, while incorrectly assembled structures have higher energies and are thus disfavored. This is done either through simple, faster heuristic methods such as sequence symmetry minimization, or by using a full nearest-neighbor thermodynamic model, which is more accurate but slower and more computationally intensive. Geometric models are used to examine tertiary structure of the nanostructures and to ensure that the complexes are not overly strained.

Nucleic acid design

DNA nanotechnology [SEP] Sequence design


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Context: what are its different types of designs?

Context: Structural design, Sequence design

Question: what can you tell me about the first type?

Answer: Representation by a specific arrangement of nucleic acid strands.

Explanation: The first step in designing a nucleic acid nanostructure is to decide how a given structure should be represented by a specific arrangement of nucleic acid strands. This design step determines the secondary structure, or the positions of the base pairs that hold the individual strands together in the desired shape. Several approaches have been demonstrated:

DNA nanotechnology [SEP] Structural design


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Context: Structural design, Sequence design

Context: what can you tell me about the first type?

Context: Representation by a specific arrangement of nucleic acid strands.

Question: and the second type?

Answer: Nucleic acid design is the process of assigning a specific nucleic acid base sequence to each of a structure's constituent strands so that they will associate into a desired conformation.

Explanation: Nucleic acid design is the process of assigning a specific nucleic acid base sequence to each of a structure's constituent strands so that they will associate into a desired conformation.


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Context: Structural design, Sequence design

Context: and the second type?

Context: Nucleic acid design is the process of assigning a specific nucleic acid base sequence to each of a structure's constituent strands so that they will associate into a desired conformation.

Question: did the chemist have a nickname?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Context: Structural design, Sequence design

Context: and the second type?

Context: did the chemist have a nickname?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where did he study?

Answer: Wabash College

Robert Dirks [SEP] Early life

Although he had been accepted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he chose instead to attend Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana. He graduated "summa cum laude" and with Phi Beta Kappa honors, from Wabash in 2000 with a double major in chemistry and math. He also did a two minors in biology and music, playing the bassoon, clarinet and piano.


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Context: Structural design, Sequence design

Context: and the second type?

Context: did the chemist have a nickname?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did he study?

Context: Wabash College

Question: when did he die?

Answer: February 3, 2015

Robert Dirks [SEP] Later life and death

Dirks and Ueda married in 2007. She initially also worked at D. E. Shaw Research, but stopped in 2010 to raise the first of two children. The couple settled in the Westchester County suburb of Chappaqua, New York. He rose early to commute to his job via Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, and returned late but devoted as much time as possible on evenings and weekends to his children. On February 3, 2015, Dirks died in the Valhalla train crash. He was riding home in the front car of his train, which his brother says he likely did to take advantage of the quieter atmosphere, when it struck an SUV at a grade crossing north of Valhalla, south of the Chappaqua station.


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Context: Structural design, Sequence design

Context: and the second type?

Context: did the chemist have a nickname?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did he study?

Context: Wabash College

Context: when did he die?

Context: February 3, 2015

Question: what is the limitations of the first application of the technology that you mentioned?

Answer: It can only be performed if the sample is in crystal form; As the crystal's repeating unit cell, becomes larger and more complex, the atomic-level picture provided by X-ray crystallography becomes more fuzzy

Explanation: As the crystal's repeating unit, its unit cell, becomes larger and more complex, the atomic-level picture provided by X-ray crystallography becomes less well-resolved (more "fuzzy") for a given number of observed reflections. Two limiting cases of X-ray crystallography—"small-molecule" (which includes continuous inorganic solids) and "macromolecular" crystallography—are often discerned. "Small-molecule crystallography" typically involves crystals with fewer than 100 atoms in their asymmetric unit; such crystal structures are usually so well resolved that the atoms can be discerned as isolated "blobs" of electron density. By contrast, "macromolecular crystallography" often involves tens of thousands of atoms in the unit cell. Such crystal structures are generally less well-resolved (more "smeared out"); the atoms and chemical bonds appear as tubes of electron density, rather than as isolated atoms. In general, small molecules are also easier to crystallize than macromolecules; however,

X-ray crystallography [SEP] Limitations


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Context: Structural design, Sequence design

Context: and the second type?

Context: did the chemist have a nickname?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did he study?

Context: Wabash College

Context: when did he die?

Context: February 3, 2015

Context: what is the limitations of the first application of the technology that you mentioned?

Context: It can only be performed if the sample is in crystal form; As the crystal's repeating unit cell, becomes larger and more complex, the atomic-level picture provided by X-ray crystallography becomes more fuzzy

Question: are there advantages to using crystals?

Answer: Crystals offer a stronger signal due to their periodicity.

Explanation: However, crystals offer a much stronger signal due to their periodicity. A crystalline sample is by definition periodic; a crystal is composed of many unit cells repeated indefinitely in three independent directions. Such periodic systems have a Fourier transform that is concentrated at periodically repeating points in reciprocal space known as "Bragg peaks"; the Bragg peaks correspond to the reflection spots observed in the diffraction image. Since the amplitude at these reflections grows linearly with the number "N" of scatterers, the observed "intensity" of these spots should grow quadratically, like "N". In other words, using a crystal concentrates the weak scattering of the individual unit cells into a much more powerful, coherent reflection that can be observed above the noise. This is an example of constructive interference.

X-ray crystallography [SEP] Advantages of a crystal

In principle, an atomic structure could be determined from applying X-ray scattering to non-crystalline samples, even to a single molecule. However, crystals offer a much stronger signal due to their periodicity. A crystalline sample is by definition periodic; a crystal is composed of many unit cells repeated indefinitely in three independent directions. Such periodic systems have a Fourier transform that is concentrated at periodically repeating points in reciprocal space known as "Bragg peaks"; the Bragg peaks correspond to the reflection spots observed in the diffraction image. Since the amplitude at these reflections grows linearly with the number "N" of scatterers, the observed "intensity" of these spots should grow quadratically, like "N".


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Context: Structural design, Sequence design

Context: and the second type?

Context: did the chemist have a nickname?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did he study?

Context: Wabash College

Context: when did he die?

Context: February 3, 2015

Context: are there advantages to using crystals?

Context: Crystals offer a stronger signal due to their periodicity.

Question: when was it developed?

Answer: In 1912–1913

X-ray crystallography [SEP] Development from 1912 to 1920

After Von Laue's pioneering research, the field developed rapidly, most notably by physicists William Lawrence Bragg and his father William Henry Bragg. In 1912–1913, the younger Bragg developed Bragg's law, which connects the observed scattering with reflections from evenly spaced planes within the crystal. The Braggs, father and son, shared the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work in crystallography. The earliest structures were generally simple and marked by one-dimensional symmetry. However, as computational and experimental methods improved over the next decades, it became feasible to deduce reliable atomic positions for more complicated two- and three-dimensional arrangements of atoms in the unit-cell.


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Context: Structural design, Sequence design

Context: and the second type?

Context: did the chemist have a nickname?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did he study?

Context: Wabash College

Context: when did he die?

Context: February 3, 2015

Context: are there advantages to using crystals?

Context: when was it developed?

Context: In 1912–1913

Question: do you know how did the chemist die?

Answer: Train crash near Valhalla, New York

Valhalla train crash [SEP] Introduction

On the evening of February 3, 2015, a commuter train on Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line struck a passenger car at a grade crossing near Valhalla, New York, United States, between the Valhalla and Mount Pleasant stations, killing six people and injuring 15 others, seven very seriously. The crash is the deadliest in Metro-North's history, and at the time the deadliest rail accident in the United States since the June 2009 Washington Metro train collision, which killed nine passengers and injured 80. The crash occurred after traffic on the adjacent Taconic State Parkway had been detoured onto local roads following a car accident that closed the road in one direction.


Context: who is robert dirks?

Context: what is the full form of dna?

Context: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Context: Structural design, Sequence design

Context: and the second type?

Context: did the chemist have a nickname?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did he study?

Context: Wabash College

Context: when did he die?

Context: February 3, 2015

Context: are there advantages to using crystals?

Context: when was it developed?

Context: In 1912–1913

Context: do you know how did the chemist die?

Context: Train crash near Valhalla, New York

Question: was there an investigation conducted?

Answer: Yes - the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) opened an investigation into the accident, and dispatched a go-team to the site

Explanation: On the night of the accident, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) opened an investigation into the accident, and dispatched a go-team to the site. They planned to stay for a week, collecting evidence and interviewing witnesses.

Valhalla train crash [SEP] Investigation


Question: where does the gulf stream come closest to florida

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Gulf Stream [SEP] Introduction

The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean as the North Atlantic Current. The process of western intensification causes the Gulf Stream to be a northwards accelerating current off the east coast of North America. At about , it splits in two, with the northern stream, the North Atlantic Drift, crossing to Northern Europe and the southern stream, the Canary Current, recirculating off West Africa.


Context: where does the gulf stream come closest to florida

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was this stream first discovered?

Answer: 1512

Gulf Stream [SEP] History

European discovery of the Gulf Stream dates to the 1512 expedition of Juan Ponce de León, after which it became widely used by Spanish ships sailing from the Caribbean to Spain. A summary of Ponce de León's voyage log on April 22, 1513, noted, "A current such that, although they had great wind, they could not proceed forwards, but backwards and it seems that they were proceeding well; at the end it was known that the current was more powerful than the wind." Benjamin Franklin became interested in the North Atlantic Ocean circulation patterns. In 1768, while in England, Franklin heard a curious complaint from the Colonial Board of Customs: Why did it take British packets several weeks longer to reach New York from England than it took an average American merchant ship to reach Newport, Rhode Island, despite the merchant ships leaving from London and having to sail down the River Thames and then the length of the English Channel before they sailed across the Atlantic, while the packets left from Falmouth in Cornwall.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this stream first discovered?

Question: and who discovered it?

Answer: Juan Ponce de León

Explanation: European discovery of the Gulf Stream dates to the 1512 expedition of Juan Ponce de León,

Gulf Stream [SEP] History


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this stream first discovered?

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: Juan Ponce de León

Question: who is te above mentioned person?

Answer: Juan Ponce de León, commonly known as Ponce de León, was a Spanish explorer and "conquistador" known for leading the first official European expedition to Florida and serving as the first governor of Puerto Rico.

Juan Ponce de León [SEP] Introduction

Juan Ponce de León (; 1474 – July 1521), commonly known as Ponce de León (, , ), was a Spanish explorer and "conquistador" known for leading the first official European expedition to Florida and serving as the first governor of Puerto Rico. He was born in Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain in 1474. Though little is known about his family, he was of noble birth and served in the Spanish military from a young age. He first came to the Americas as a "gentleman volunteer" with Christopher Columbus's second expedition in 1493. By the early 1500s, Ponce de León was a top military official in the colonial government of Hispaniola, where he helped crush a rebellion of the native Taíno people.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this stream first discovered?

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: Juan Ponce de León

Context: who is te above mentioned person?

Context: Juan Ponce de León, commonly known as Ponce de León, was a Spanish explorer and "conquistador" known for leading the first official European expedition to Florida and serving as the first governor of Puerto Rico.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain.

Explanation: He was born in Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain

Juan Ponce de León [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this stream first discovered?

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: Juan Ponce de León

Context: who is te above mentioned person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain.

Question: and who was he a descendent of?

Answer: Bermudo Núñez, and Sancha Ponce de Cabrer.

Juan Ponce de León [SEP] Spain

Juan Ponce de León was born in the village of Santervás de Campos in the northern part of what is now the Spanish province of Valladolid. Although early historians placed his birth in 1460, and this date has been used traditionally, more recent evidence shows he was likely born in 1474. The surname Ponce de León dates from the 13th century. The Ponce de León lineage began with Ponce Vélaz de Cabrera, descendant of count Bermudo Núñez, and Sancha Ponce de Cabrera, daughter of Ponce Giraldo de Cabrera. Before October 1235, a son of Ponce Vela de Cabrera and his wife Teresa Rodríguez Girón named Pedro Ponce de Cabrera married Aldonza Alfonso, an illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso IX of León.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this stream first discovered?

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: Juan Ponce de León

Context: who is te above mentioned person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain.

Context: and who was he a descendent of?

Context: Bermudo Núñez, and Sancha Ponce de Cabrer.

Question: which country did ponce de león govern at the time?

Answer: Puerto Rico.

Explanation: Juan Ponce de León (; 1474 – July 1521), commonly known as Ponce de León (, , ), was a Spanish explorer and "conquistador" known for leading the first official European expedition to Florida and serving as the first governor of Puerto Rico.

Juan Ponce de León [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this stream first discovered?

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: Juan Ponce de León

Context: who is te above mentioned person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain.

Context: and who was he a descendent of?

Context: which country did ponce de león govern at the time?

Context: Puerto Rico.

Question: whre is this country located approximately?

Answer: It is located between the Dominican Republic and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Puerto Rico [SEP] Introduction

Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR, , Borinquen), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico () and from 1898 to 1932 also called Porto Rico in English, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea, approximately southeast of Miami, Florida. Puerto Rico is an archipelago among the Greater Antilles located between the Dominican Republic and the U.S. Virgin Islands; it includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands, such as Mona, Culebra, and Vieques. The capital and most populous city is San Juan. The territory's total population is approximately 3.2 million, more than 20 U.S.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this stream first discovered?

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: Juan Ponce de León

Context: who is te above mentioned person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain.

Context: and who was he a descendent of?

Context: Puerto Rico.

Context: whre is this country located approximately?

Context: It is located between the Dominican Republic and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Question: and what weather is usually found in this country?

Answer: The climate of Puerto Rico in the Köppen climate classification is tropical rainforest.

Explanation:
The climate of Puerto Rico in the Köppen climate classification is tropical rainforest. Temperatures are warm to hot year round, averaging near 85 °F (29 °C) in lower elevations and 70 °F (21 °C) in the mountains. Easterly trade winds pass across the island year round. Puerto Rico has a rainy season which stretches from April into November. The mountains of the Cordillera Central are the main cause of the variations in the temperature and rainfall that occur over very short distances. The mountains can also cause wide variation in local wind speed and direction due to their sheltering and channeling effects adding to the climatic variation.

The island has an average temperature of throughout the year, with an average minimum temperature of and maximum of . Daily temperature changes seasonally are quite small in the lowlands and coastal areas. The temperature in the south is usually a few degrees higher than those in the north and temperatures in the central interior mountains are alwa

Puerto Rico [SEP] Climate


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this stream first discovered?

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: Juan Ponce de León

Context: who is te above mentioned person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain.

Context: and who was he a descendent of?

Context: Puerto Rico.

Context: and what weather is usually found in this country?

Context: The climate of Puerto Rico in the Köppen climate classification is tropical rainforest.

Question: what is the crime rate like here?

Answer: The overall rate of crime is low.

Puerto Rico [SEP] Crime

The overall rate of crime is low in Puerto Rico. The territory has a high firearm homicide rate. The homicide rate of 19.2 per 100,000 inhabitants was significantly higher than any U.S. state in 2014. Most homicide victims are gang members and drug traffickers with about 80% of homicides in Puerto Rico being drug related. Carjackings happen often in many areas of Puerto Rico. In 1992, the FBI made it a Federal crime and rates decreased per statistics, but as of 2019, the problem continued in municipalities like Guaynabo and others. From January 1, 2019, to March 14, 2019, thirty carjackings had occurred on the island.