Context: who were involved in its formation?

Context: A British economist

Context: what was his involvement in the world war ii?

Context: As the Allied victory began to look certain, he was heavily involved, as leader of the British delegation and chairman of the World Bank commission

Question: when was this bank established?

Answer: 1944

World Bank [SEP] History

The World Bank was created at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference, along with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The president of the World Bank is, traditionally, an American. The World Bank and the IMF are both based in Washington, D.C., and work closely with each other. Although many countries were represented at the Bretton Woods Conference, the United States and United Kingdom were the most powerful in attendance and dominated the negotiations. The intention behind the founding of the World Bank was to provide temporary loans to low-income countries which were unable to obtain loans commercially. The Bank may also make loans and demand policy reforms from recipients.


Context: the international monetary fund was formed to provide for the short-term flow of money

Context: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was formed in 1944 to foster global growth and economic stability by providing policy advice and financing the members by working with developing nations to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty.

Context: who were involved in its formation?

Context: Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes

Context: who was the first person mentioned above?

Context: A senior U.S. Treasury department official.

Context: was there any offence charged on him in the year 1953?

Context: He was one of those involved in furnishing data to persons outside the Federal Government, who are in turn transmitting this information to espionage agents of the Soviet government.But 6 weeks later, He was appointed U.S. Director of the International Monetary Fund. White's nomination was approved, acting in ignorance of the allegations against him.

Context: who was the second person mentioned above?

Context: A British economist

Context: when was this bank established?

Question: who are its members?

Answer: United States, Japan, China, Germany , the United Kingdom, France, India

Explanation:
In 2010 voting powers at the World Bank were revised to increase the voice of developing countries, notably China. The countries with most voting power are now the United States (15.85%), Japan (6.84%), China (4.42%), Germany (4.00%), the United Kingdom (3.75%), France (3.75%), India (2.91%), Russia (2.77%), Saudi Arabia (2.77%) and Italy (2.64%). Under the changes, known as 'Voice Reform – Phase 2', countries other than China that saw significant gains included South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Singapore, Greece, Brazil, India, and Spain. Most developed countries' voting power was reduced, along with a few developing countries such as Nigeria. The voting powers of the United States, Russia and Saudi Arabia were unchanged.

The changes were brought about with the goal of making voting more universal in regards to standards, rule-based with objective indicators, and transparent among other things. Now, developing countries have an increased voice in the "Pool Model", backed especially by Eur

World Bank [SEP] Voting power


Context: who were involved in its formation?

Context: A British economist

Context: when was this bank established?

Context: who are its members?

Context: United States, Japan, China, Germany , the United Kingdom, France, India

Question: are there any drives organised by them to improve the quality of air?

Answer: Yes - the Clean Air Initiative (CAI)

Explanation: Clean Air Initiative (CAI) is a World Bank initiative to advance innovative ways to improve air quality in cities through partnerships in selected regions of the world by sharing knowledge and experiences. It includes electric vehicles. Initiatives like this help address and tackle pollution-related diseases.

World Bank [SEP] Clean Air Initiative


Context: who were involved in its formation?

Context: A British economist

Context: when was this bank established?

Context: who are its members?

Context: are there any drives organised by them to improve the quality of air?

Context: Yes - the Clean Air Initiative (CAI)

Question: regarding the financial crisis discussion we had earlier, what happened in 1907?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

World Bank [SEP] Clean Air Initiative


Question: indiana jones and the kingdom of the crystal skull explained

Answer: The film is set in 1957, pitting Indiana Jones against Soviet agents led by Irina Spalko —searching for a telepathic crystal skull. Jones is aided by his former lover, Marion Ravenwood, and their son, Mutt Williams .

Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull [SEP] Introduction

Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is a 2008 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and the fourth installment in the "Indiana Jones" series. Released nineteen years after the previous film, the film is set in 1957, pitting Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) against Soviet agents led by Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett)—searching for a telepathic crystal skull. Jones is aided by his former lover, Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen), and their son, Mutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf). Ray Winstone, John Hurt, and Jim Broadbent are also part of the supporting cast. Screenwriters Jeb Stuart, Jeffrey Boam, Frank Darabont, and Jeff Nathanson wrote drafts before David Koepp's script satisfied the producers.


Context: indiana jones and the kingdom of the crystal skull explained

Context: The film is set in 1957, pitting Indiana Jones against Soviet agents led by Irina Spalko —searching for a telepathic crystal skull. Jones is aided by his former lover, Marion Ravenwood, and their son, Mutt Williams .

Question: who is the director of this film?

Answer: Steven Spielberg.

Explanation: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is a 2008 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg


Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Steven Spielberg.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Cincinnati, Ohio.

Steven Spielberg [SEP] Early life

Spielberg was born on December 18, 1946 in Cincinnati, Ohio. His mother, Leah ("née" Posner, later Adler; January 12, 1920 – February 21, 2017), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (February 6, 1917 – August 25, 2020), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His family was Orthodox Jewish. Spielberg's paternal grandparents were Jews from Ukraine. immigrants who settled in Cincinnati in the 1900s; his grandmother was from Sudylkiv, while his grandfather was from Kamianets-Podilskyi. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey, when his father took a job with RCA.


Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Steven Spielberg.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio.

Question: what are some films he made during the 80s?

Answer: "Raiders of the Lost Ark", "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial" and others.

Explanation:
Next, Spielberg teamed with "Star Wars" creator and friend George Lucas on an action adventure film, "Raiders of the Lost Ark", the first of the Indiana Jones films. The archaeologist and adventurer hero Indiana Jones was played by Harrison Ford (whom Lucas had previously cast in his "Star Wars" films as Han Solo). The film was considered an homage to the cliffhanger serials of the Golden Age of Hollywood. It became the biggest film at the box office in 1981, and the recipient of numerous Oscar nominations including Best Director (Spielberg's second nomination) and Best Picture (the second Spielberg film to be nominated for Best Picture). "Raiders" is still considered a landmark example of the action-adventure genre. The film also led to Ford's casting in Ridley Scott's "Blade Runner".

A year later, Spielberg returned to the science fiction genre with "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial". It was the story of a young boy and the alien he befrie

Steven Spielberg [SEP] 1980s


Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Steven Spielberg.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio.

Context: what are some films he made during the 80s?

Context: "Raiders of the Lost Ark", "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial" and others.

Question: when was the latter mentioned film released?

Answer: 11 June ,1982.

E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial [SEP] Introduction

The animatronics of E.T. were designed by Carlo Rambaldi. Released on June 11, 1982, by Universal Pictures, "E.T." was an immediate blockbuster, surpassing "Star Wars" to become the highest-grossing film of all time—a record it held for eleven years until "Jurassic Park", another Spielberg-directed film, surpassed it in 1993. "E.T." was widely acclaimed by critics and is considered to be one of the greatest films of all time. It was re-released in 1985, and again in 2002, to celebrate its 20th anniversary, with altered shots and additional scenes. In 1994, the film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress, being designated as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."


Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Steven Spielberg.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio.

Context: when was the latter mentioned film released?

Context: 11 June ,1982.

Question: name some actors cast in the movie

Answer: Dee Wallace, Peter Coyote, and Henry Thomas.

E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction film produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, and written by Melissa Mathison. It tells the story of Elliott, a boy who befriends an extraterrestrial, dubbed "E.T.", who is stranded on Earth. The film stars Dee Wallace, Peter Coyote, and Henry Thomas. The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents' divorce. In 1980, Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the failed project "Night Skies". Filming took place from September to December 1981 on a budget of $10.5 million. Unlike most films, it was shot in rough chronological order, to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast.


Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Steven Spielberg.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio.

Context: 11 June ,1982.

Context: name some actors cast in the movie

Context: Dee Wallace, Peter Coyote, and Henry Thomas.

Question: who did the first mentioned actress play as?

Answer: Mary, the mother.

Dee Wallace [SEP] Introduction

Deanna Wallace (née Bowers; born December 14, 1948), also known as Dee Wallace Stone, is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Mary, the mother, in the 1982 blockbuster film "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial". She is also known for her starring roles in several horror films including "The Hills Have Eyes" (1977), "The Howling" (1981), "Cujo" (1983) and "Critters" (1986), which earned her the title of "scream queen".


Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Steven Spielberg.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio.

Context: 11 June ,1982.

Context: name some actors cast in the movie

Context: who did the first mentioned actress play as?

Context: Mary, the mother.

Question: where is this actress from?

Answer: Kansas City, Kansas.

Dee Wallace [SEP] Personal life

Wallace was born in Kansas City, Kansas, the daughter of Maxine (née Nichols) and Robert Stanley Bowers. She attended Wyandotte High School, before attending the University of Kansas and obtaining an education degree. She briefly taught high school drama at Washington High School in her native Kansas City in the early 1970s. She was briefly married first to Barry Wallace and still uses his last name in her career. Their marriage ended in divorce. She married Christopher Stone in 1980, who died suddenly in 1995. They have one daughter, Gabrielle Stone. Wallace is a public speaker and self-help author, having written three books, and has her own call-in radio show where she talks exclusively about the creation of "self".


Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Steven Spielberg.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio.

Context: 11 June ,1982.

Context: name some actors cast in the movie

Context: Mary, the mother.

Context: where is this actress from?

Context: Kansas City, Kansas.

Question: how did she start her acting profession?

Answer: She began her career on television appearing in episodes of "The Streets of San Francisco", "Starsky and Hutch" and "Police Woman".

Dee Wallace [SEP] Career

Wallace began her career on television appearing in episodes of "The Streets of San Francisco", "Starsky and Hutch" and "Police Woman", before appearing in the box-office horror hit film "The Hills Have Eyes" (1977). In 1981, she played a leading role in the another horror film, "The Howling" opposite her husband Christopher Stone. They later starred together in "Cujo" (1983) based on Stephen King's 1981 novel of the same name. In 1982, Wallace went on to star in Steven Spielberg's science fiction film "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial" (1982). The film became the highest-grossing film of all time—a record held for eleven years until "Jurassic Park", another Spielberg-directed film, surpassed it in 1993.


Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Steven Spielberg.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio.

Context: 11 June ,1982.

Context: name some actors cast in the movie

Context: Mary, the mother.

Context: where is this actress from?

Context: Kansas City, Kansas.

Context: how did she start her acting profession?

Context: She began her career on television appearing in episodes of "The Streets of San Francisco", "Starsky and Hutch" and "Police Woman".

Question: whom did she marry?

Answer: Initially Barry Wallace and after divorcing him she married Christopher Stone.

Explanation: She was briefly married first to Barry Wallace and still uses his last name in her career. Their marriage ended in divorce. She married Christopher Stone in 1980, who died suddenly in 1995. They have one daughter, Gabrielle Stone.

Dee Wallace [SEP] Personal life


Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Steven Spielberg.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio.

Context: 11 June ,1982.

Context: name some actors cast in the movie

Context: Mary, the mother.

Context: where is this actress from?

Context: Kansas City, Kansas.

Context: whom did she marry?

Context: Initially Barry Wallace and after divorcing him she married Christopher Stone.

Question: does she have children?

Answer: Yes, a daughter Gabrielle Stone.

Dee Wallace [SEP] Personal life


Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Steven Spielberg.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cincinnati, Ohio.

Context: 11 June ,1982.

Context: name some actors cast in the movie

Context: Mary, the mother.

Context: where is this actress from?

Context: Kansas City, Kansas.

Context: whom did she marry?

Context: does she have children?

Context: Yes, a daughter Gabrielle Stone.

Question: in the first of the three movies mentioned above, who played the guest roles?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Streets of San Francisco [SEP] Guest stars

Many actors guest-starred on the show; some were relatively unknown at the time and became successful stars in their own feature films or television series. Guest stars included:Eileen Heckart, Dean Stockwell, Pernell Roberts, Edmond O'Brien, Ricky Nelson, Ron Glass, Susan Dey, Marion Ross, Van Williams, Paula Kelly, Don Johnson, Tom Selleck, Leslie Nielsen, Roscoe Lee Browne, James Woods, Nick Nolte, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Martin Sheen, Dabney Coleman, David Wayne, Vera Miles, Brenda Vaccaro, Desi Arnaz Jr., Tony Young, Cal Bellini, Marshall Colt, Pat Conway, Patty Duke, Denver Pyle, Richard Egan, Richard Eastham, Rodolfo Hoyos Jr., Don Keefer, Wright King, Flip Mark, Nora Marlowe, John Ritter, Stefanie Powers, Robert Wagner, Wayne Maunder, Dick Van Patten, Mark Hamill, Tom Bosley, Larry Hagman, , Anthony Geary, John Davidson, Eve McVeagh, Andrew Robinson, Beverly Washburn, Bill Bixby, Charles Aidman, Edward Mulhare, Jessica Walter, Len Birman, Michael Constantine, Norman Fell, Richard Bull, William Windom, David Soul, Paul Michael Glaser, Bernie Kopell, Claude Akins, Dennis Cole, Doris Roberts, Earl Holliman, Gerald McRaney, Howard Duff, John Saxon, Larry Pennell, Ned Beatty, Gary Lockwood, Kay Lenz, Laurie Heineman, Lew Ayres, Luther Adler, Maureen McCormick, Meredith Baxter, Michael Ansara, Noah Beery Jr., Paul Sorvino, Richard Anderson, Albert Salmi, Celeste Holm, David White, Dick Sargent, Geoffrey Lewis, Jack Albertson, Jamie Farr, Joe Santos, Joseph Cotten, Robert Reed, Roger E.


Question: what time of year do you see cardinals

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Northern cardinal [SEP] Introduction

The northern cardinal ("Cardinalis cardinalis") is a bird in the genus "Cardinalis"; it is also known colloquially as the redbird, common cardinal, red cardinal, or just cardinal (which was its name prior to 1985). It can be found in southeastern Canada, through the eastern United States from Maine to Minnesota to Texas, and south through Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala. It is also an introduced species in a few locations such as Bermuda and Hawaii. Its habitat includes woodlands, gardens, shrublands, and wetlands. The northern cardinal is a mid-sized songbird with a body length of . It has a distinctive crest on the head and a mask on the face which is black in the male and gray in the female.


Context:
what time of year do you see cardinals
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Question: what is this entity?

Answer: It is a bird

Explanation: The northern cardinal ("Cardinalis cardinalis") is a bird in the genus "Cardinalis"; it is also known colloquially as the redbird,

Northern cardinal [SEP] Introduction


Context:
what time of year do you see cardinals
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what is this entity?
It is a bird

Question: what does it eat?

Answer: Their diet consists mainly of weed seeds, grains, and fruits.

Northern cardinal [SEP] Diet

The diet of the northern cardinal consists mainly (up to 90%) of weed seeds, grains, and fruits. It is a ground feeder and finds food while hopping on the ground through trees or shrubbery. It will also consume insects, including beetles, cicadas, grasshoppers, and snails; it feeds its young almost exclusively on insects. Other common items include corn (maize) and oats, sunflower seeds, the blossoms and bark of elm trees, and drinks of maple sap from holes made by sapsuckers, an example of commensalism. During the summer months it shows preference for seeds that are easily husked, but is less selective when food is scarce during winter.


Context: what time of year do you see cardinals

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Context: what is this entity?

Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Their diet consists mainly of weed seeds, grains, and fruits.

Question: how it related to united states?

Answer: It is the state bird of seven U.S. states

Explanation: The northern cardinal is the state bird of seven U.S. states, more than any other species: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia; although in each case the particular state just refers to the bird as "cardinal". It was also a candidate to become the state bird of Delaware, but lost to the Delaware Blue Hen.

Northern cardinal [SEP] U.S. state bird


Context: what time of year do you see cardinals

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Context: what is this entity?

Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how it related to united states?

Context: It is the state bird of seven U.S. states

Question: name few of these states?

Answer: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky

Explanation: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia

Northern cardinal [SEP] U.S. state bird


Context: what time of year do you see cardinals

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this entity?

Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how it related to united states?

Context: name few of these states?

Context: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky

Question: how is the weather of the first?

Answer: Most of Illinois has a humid continental climate, with hot, humid summers and cold winters. The southern part of the state, from about Carbondale southward, has a humid subtropical climate, with more moderate winters.

Illinois [SEP] Climate

Illinois has a climate that varies widely throughout the year. Because of its nearly 400-mile distance between its northernmost and southernmost extremes, as well as its mid-continental situation, most of Illinois has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification "Dfa"), with hot, humid summers and cold winters. The southern part of the state, from about Carbondale southward, has a humid subtropical climate (Koppen "Cfa"), with more moderate winters. Average yearly precipitation for Illinois varies from just over at the southern tip to around in the northern portion of the state. Normal annual snowfall exceeds in the Chicago area, while the southern portion of the state normally receives less than .


Context: what time of year do you see cardinals

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this entity?

Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how it related to united states?

Context: name few of these states?

Context: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky

Context: how is the weather of the first?

Context: Most of Illinois has a humid continental climate, with hot, humid summers and cold winters. The southern part of the state, from about Carbondale southward, has a humid subtropical climate, with more moderate winters.

Question: which faith is majorly practiced here?

Answer: Roman Catholics

Illinois [SEP] Christianity

Roman Catholics constitute the single largest religious denomination in Illinois; they are heavily concentrated in and around Chicago, and account for nearly 30% of the state's population. However, taken together "as a group", the various Protestant denominations comprise a greater percentage of the state's population than do Catholics. In 2010 Catholics in Illinois numbered 3,648,907. The largest Protestant denominations were the United Methodist Church with 314,461, and the Southern Baptist Convention, with 283,519 members. Illinois has one of the largest concentrations of Missouri Synod Lutherans in the United States. Illinois played an important role in the early Latter Day Saint movement, with Nauvoo, Illinois, becoming a gathering place for Mormons in the early 1840s.


Context: what time of year do you see cardinals

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this entity?

Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how it related to united states?

Context: name few of these states?

Context: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky

Context: how is the weather of the first?

Context: which faith is majorly practiced here?

Context: Roman Catholics

Question: is this state associated with any war?

Answer: Yes, with  American Civil War

Illinois [SEP] Civil War and after

During the American Civil War, Illinois ranked fourth in men who served (more than 250,000) in the Union Army, a figure surpassed by only New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Beginning with President Abraham Lincoln's first call for troops and continuing throughout the war, Illinois mustered 150 infantry regiments, which were numbered from the 7th to the 156th regiments. Seventeen cavalry regiments were also gathered, as well as two light artillery regiments. The town of Cairo, at the southern tip of the state at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, served as a strategically important supply base and training center for the Union army.


Context: what time of year do you see cardinals

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Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how it related to united states?

Context: name few of these states?

Context: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky

Context: how is the weather of the first?

Context: which faith is majorly practiced here?

Context: Roman Catholics

Context: is this state associated with any war?

Context: Yes, with  American Civil War

Question: any president elected during this war ?

Answer: Yes, Abraham Lincoln

American Civil War [SEP] Introduction

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States from 1861 to 1865, fought between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to form the Confederate States of America. The civil war began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people. War broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina just over a month after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North, which also included some geographically western and southern states, proclaimed support for the Constitution.


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Context: what is this entity?

Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how it related to united states?

Context: name few of these states?

Context: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky

Context: how is the weather of the first?

Context: which faith is majorly practiced here?

Context: Roman Catholics

Context: is this state associated with any war?

Context: Yes, with  American Civil War

Context: any president elected during this war ?

Context: Yes, Abraham Lincoln

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Abraham Lincoln [SEP] Early life

Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, the second child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in a one-room log cabin on Sinking Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky. He was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638. The family then migrated west, passing through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln's paternal grandparents, his namesake Captain Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring), moved the family from Virginia to Jefferson County, Kentucky. The captain was killed in an Indian raid in 1786. His children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.


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Context: what is this entity?

Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how it related to united states?

Context: name few of these states?

Context: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky

Context: how is the weather of the first?

Context: which faith is majorly practiced here?

Context: Roman Catholics

Context: is this state associated with any war?

Context: Yes, with  American Civil War

Context: any president elected during this war ?

Context: Yes, Abraham Lincoln

Context: where was he born?

Context: Near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Question: when did he start his career?

Answer: In 1832

Abraham Lincoln [SEP] Early career and militia service

In 1832, Lincoln joined with a partner, Denton Offutt, in the purchase of a general store on credit in New Salem. Although the economy was booming, the business struggled and Lincoln eventually sold his share. That March he entered politics, running for the Illinois General Assembly, advocating navigational improvements on the Sangamon River. He could draw crowds as a raconteur, but he lacked the requisite formal education, powerful friends, and money, and lost the election. Lincoln briefly interrupted his campaign to serve as a captain in the Illinois Militia during the Black Hawk War. In his first campaign speech after returning, he observed a supporter in the crowd under attack, grabbed the assailant by his "neck and the seat of his trousers", and tossed him.


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Context: what is this entity?

Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how it related to united states?

Context: name few of these states?

Context: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky

Context: how is the weather of the first?

Context: which faith is majorly practiced here?

Context: Roman Catholics

Context: is this state associated with any war?

Context: Yes, with  American Civil War

Context: any president elected during this war ?

Context: Yes, Abraham Lincoln

Context: where was he born?

Context: Near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: In 1832

Question: who killed him?

Answer: John Wilkes Booth

Abraham Lincoln [SEP] Assassination

John Wilkes Booth was a well-known actor and a Confederate spy from Maryland; though he never joined the Confederate army, he had contacts with the Confederate secret service. After attending an April 11, 1865 speech in which Lincoln promoted voting rights for blacks, Booth hatched a plot to assassinate the President. When Booth learned of the Lincolns' intent to attend a play with General Grant, he planned to assassinate Lincoln and Grant at Ford's Theatre. Lincoln and his wife attended the play "Our American Cousin" on the evening of April 14, just five days after the Union victory at the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse.


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Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how it related to united states?

Context: name few of these states?

Context: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky

Context: how is the weather of the first?

Context: which faith is majorly practiced here?

Context: Roman Catholics

Context: is this state associated with any war?

Context: Yes, with  American Civil War

Context: any president elected during this war ?

Context: Yes, Abraham Lincoln

Context: where was he born?

Context: Near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: In 1832

Context: who killed him?

Context: John Wilkes Booth

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Bel Air, Maryland

John Wilkes Booth [SEP] Background and early life

Booth's parents were noted British Shakespearean actor Junius Brutus Booth and his mistress, Mary Ann Holmes, who moved to the United States from England in June 1821. They purchased a farm near Bel Air, Maryland, where John Wilkes Booth was born in a four-room log house on May 10, 1838, the ninth of ten children. He was named after English radical politician John Wilkes, a distant relative. Junius' wife Adelaide Delannoy Booth was granted a divorce in 1851 on grounds of adultery, and Holmes legally wed Junius on May 10, 1851, John Wilkes' 13th birthday. Nora Titone suggests in her book "My Thoughts Be Bloody" (2010) that the shame and ambition of Junius Brutus Booth's actor sons Edwin and John Wilkes eventually spurred them to strive for achievement and acclaim as rivals—Edwin as a Unionist and John Wilkes as the assassin of Abraham Lincoln.


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Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how it related to united states?

Context: name few of these states?

Context: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky

Context: how is the weather of the first?

Context: which faith is majorly practiced here?

Context: Roman Catholics

Context: is this state associated with any war?

Context: Yes, with  American Civil War

Context: any president elected during this war ?

Context: Yes, Abraham Lincoln

Context: where was he born?

Context: Near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: In 1832

Context: who killed him?

Context: John Wilkes Booth

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bel Air, Maryland

Question: was he associated with any wars?

Answer: Yes, the Civil War

Explanation: On April 12, 1861, the Civil War began, and eventually 11 Southern states seceded from the Union. In Booth's native Maryland, some of the slaveholding portion of the population favored joining the Confederate States of America. Although the Maryland legislature voted decisively (53–13) against secession on April 28, 1861, it also voted not to allow federal troops to pass south through the state by rail, and it requested that Lincoln remove the growing numbers of federal troops in Maryland.

John Wilkes Booth [SEP] Civil War years

Booth was pro-Confederate, but his family was divided, like many Marylanders. He was outspoken in his love of the South, and equally outspoken in his hatred of Lincoln. As the Civil War went on, Booth increasingly quarreled with his brother Edwin, who declined to make stage appearances in the South and refused to listen to John Wilkes' fiercely partisan denunciations of the North and Lincoln. In early 1863, Booth was arrested in St. Louis while on a theatre tour, when he was heard saying that he "wished the President and the whole damned government would go to hell." He was charged with making "treasonous" remarks against the government, but was released when he took an oath of allegiance to the Union and paid a substantial fine.


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Context: It is a bird

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how it related to united states?

Context: name few of these states?

Context: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky

Context: how is the weather of the first?

Context: which faith is majorly practiced here?

Context: Roman Catholics

Context: is this state associated with any war?

Context: Yes, with  American Civil War

Context: any president elected during this war ?

Context: Yes, Abraham Lincoln

Context: where was he born?

Context: Near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Context: when did he start his career?

Context: In 1832

Context: who killed him?

Context: John Wilkes Booth

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bel Air, Maryland

Context: was he associated with any wars?

Context: Yes, the Civil War

Question: what was the duration of this war?

Answer: It was from 1861 to 1865

Explanation: The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States from 1861 to 1865

American Civil War [SEP] Introduction


Question: what is the twenty-cent piece?

Answer: A coin struck from 1875 to 1878

Twenty-cent piece (United States coin) [SEP] Introduction

The American twenty-cent piece is a coin struck from 1875 to 1878, but only for collectors in the final two years. Proposed by Nevada Senator John P. Jones, it proved a failure due to confusion with the quarter, to which it was close in both size and value. In 1874, the newly elected Jones began pressing for a twenty-cent piece, which he stated would alleviate the shortage of small change in the Far West. The bill passed Congress, and Mint Director Henry Linderman ordered pattern coins struck. Linderman eventually decided on an obverse and reverse similar to that of other silver coins.


Context:
what is the twenty-cent piece?
A coin struck from 1875 to 1878

Question: who designed it?

Answer: William Barber, Christian Gobrecht

Explanation: In anticipation of the approval of the legislation, Linderman had pattern coins prepared. In August 1874, Philadelphia Mint superintendent James Pollock sent him patterns with an obverse showing a seated Liberty by Philadelphia sculptor Joseph A. Bailly with a reverse by chief engraver William Barber. Pollock did not approve Bailly's proposal, deeming it too similar to the Seated Liberty design which was then on all domestic silver coinage, and so the new coin would too closely resemble the quarter. On March 31, 1875, after the enactment of Jones's bill, Pollock sent Linderman additional patterns, all by Barber, and even more on April 12. Pollock deprecated a reverse design with a shield, but Linderman liked it and stated that it would have been adopted but for the law requiring an eagle to appear on silver pieces larger than the dime. Linderman selected an obverse design near-identical to the other silver coinage (until 1916, the silver coins were given similar appearances). That desi

Twenty-cent piece (United States coin) [SEP] Preparation and design


Context:
what is the twenty-cent piece?
A coin struck from 1875 to 1878
who designed it?
William Barber, Christian Gobrecht

Question: where is it produced?

Answer: Philadelphia mint, Carson City Mint, San Francisco Mint

Twenty-cent piece (United States coin) [SEP] Production, aftermath, and collecting

The design for the twenty-cent piece was approved on April 12, 1875. It was, however, immediately revised to better define the olive leaves at the right end of the branch (over the "N" and the "T" in "cents"); on the original design, the leaves overlapped with each other. An amended approval was given on April 15. Production began at Philadelphia on May 19, on June 1 at the Carson City Mint in Jones's home state of Nevada, and between June 1 and 17 at the San Francisco Mint. Only about 40,000 were struck at Philadelphia; the bulk was at the two Western mints with 133,290 minted at Carson City, and 1,155,000 at San Francisco.


Context: what is the twenty-cent piece?

Context: A coin struck from 1875 to 1878

Context: who designed it?

Context: William Barber, Christian Gobrecht

Context: where is it produced?

Context: Philadelphia mint, Carson City Mint, San Francisco Mint

Question: can you please describe it?

Answer: The eagle carries the arrows of war in its right claw, and the olive branch of peace in the left claw

Explanation:
The right-facing eagle is near-identical to the one which Barber had rendered for the trade dollar, which had debuted in 1873. Linderman had realized that the difference in size between the new coin and quarter was small, and thought a scaled-down version of the trade dollar suitable for the twenty-cent piece; he got his way on the reverse. The eagle carries the arrows of war in its right, or dominant claw, and the olive branch of peace in the left, in heraldry preferring war over peace.
Art historian Cornelius Vermeule described the twenty-cent piece's obverse as "a pleasing synthesis of traditional elements". He was less complimentary about the eagle on the reverse, calling it awkward and a fatter version of the eagle on 18th-century American coinage.


Context: what is the twenty-cent piece?

Context: A coin struck from 1875 to 1878

Context: who designed it?

Context: William Barber, Christian Gobrecht

Context: where is it produced?

Context: can you please describe it?

Context: The eagle carries the arrows of war in its right claw, and the olive branch of peace in the left claw

Question: where is the second mint place located?

Answer: Carson City, Nevada.

Carson City Mint [SEP] Introduction

The Carson City Mint was a branch of the United States Mint in Carson City, Nevada. It primarily minted silver coins; however, it also minted gold coins, with a total face value in dollars nearly equal to that of its silver coins. The mint minted coins in 21 different years. The Carson City Mint was created in 1863 but was not put into operation until 1870. It ran until 1885, went on a hiatus, and resumed operations in 1889, after which it ran until 1893, when it closed permanently. It is now the Nevada State Museum, Carson City.


Context: what is the twenty-cent piece?

Context: A coin struck from 1875 to 1878

Context: who designed it?

Context: William Barber, Christian Gobrecht

Context: where is it produced?

Context: can you please describe it?

Context: where is the second mint place located?

Context: Carson City, Nevada.

Question: when did it start?

Answer: 1863

Explanation: The Carson City Mint was created in 1863 but was not put into operation until 1870.

Carson City Mint [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the twenty-cent piece?

Context: A coin struck from 1875 to 1878

Context: who designed it?

Context: William Barber, Christian Gobrecht

Context: where is it produced?

Context: can you please describe it?

Context: where is the second mint place located?

Context: Carson City, Nevada.

Context: when did it start?

Question: do you know which other coins are produced?

Answer: Morgan dollars

Explanation: The federal government sold the building to the state of Nevada in 1939. Coins struck here, especially Morgan dollars, are generally rare and command a high premium among collectors.

Carson City Mint [SEP] History

Coins struck here, especially Morgan dollars, are generally rare and command a high premium among collectors. The building that housed the mint was the first designed by Alfred B. Mullett after becoming Supervising Architect of the Department of the Treasury. The construction supervisor was Abraham Curry, also known as the "Father of Carson City." The simple Renaissance Revival-style stone facade has pairs of round-headed windows and a center portico. It is now the home of the Nevada State Museum. Although the mint has not struck United States coins since 1893, Coin Press No. 1 (the original coin press from the mint) is still in the building and used to strike commemorative medallions with the "CC" mint mark.


Question: when do painted turtle eggs hatch in minnesota

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Painted turtle [SEP] Introduction

The painted turtle ("Chrysemys picta") is the most widespread native turtle of North America. It lives in slow-moving fresh waters, from southern Canada to northern Mexico, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The turtle is the only species of the genus "Chrysemys", which is part of the pond turtle family Emydidae. Fossils show that the painted turtle existed 15 million years ago. Four regionally based subspecies (the eastern, midland, southern, and western) evolved during the last ice age. The adult painted turtle female is long; the male is smaller. 5-6" The turtle's top shell is dark and smooth, without a ridge.


Context: when do painted turtle eggs hatch in minnesota

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is a painted turtle?

Answer: It is the most widespread native turtle of North America.

Explanation: The painted turtle ("Chrysemys picta") is the most widespread native turtle of North America.

Painted turtle [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: It is the most widespread native turtle of North America.

Question: why is it named so?

Answer: It's generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words for "gold" ("chryso") and "freshwater tortoise" ("emys").

Painted turtle [SEP] Taxonomy and evolution

The painted turtle ("C. picta") is the only species in the genus "Chrysemys". The parent family for "Chrysemys" is Emydidae: the pond turtles. Emydidae is split into two sub families; "Chrysemys" is part of the Deirochelyinae (Western Hemisphere) branch. The four subspecies of the painted turtle are the eastern ("C. p. picta"), midland ("C. p. marginata"), southern ("C. p. dorsalis"), and western ("C. p. bellii"). The painted turtle's generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words for "gold" ("chryso") and "freshwater tortoise" ("emys"); the species name originates from the Latin for "colored" ("pictus"). The subspecies name, "marginata", derives from the Latin for "border" and refers to the red markings on the outer (marginal) part of the upper shell; "dorsalis" is from the Latin for "back", referring to the prominent dorsal stripe; and "bellii" honors English zoologist Thomas Bell, a collaborator of Charles Darwin.


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Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: It's generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words for "gold" ("chryso") and "freshwater tortoise" ("emys").

Question: what do they eat?

Answer: They eat both plants and animals.

Painted turtle [SEP] Diet

The painted turtle hunts along water bottoms. It quickly juts its head into and out of vegetation to stir potential victims out into the open water, where they are pursued. The turtle holds large prey in its mouth and tears the prey apart with its forefeet. It also consumes plants and skims the surface of the water with its mouth open to catch small particles of food. Although all subspecies of painted turtle eat both plants and animals, their specific diets vary.


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Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Question: are there any other species looks similar to it?

Answer: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Painted turtle [SEP] Similar species

The painted turtle has a very similar appearance to the red-eared slider (the most common pet turtle) and the two are often confused. The painted turtle can be distinguished because it is flatter than the slider. Also, the slider has a prominent red marking on the side of its head (the "ear") and a spotted bottom shell, both features missing in the painted turtle.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: are there any other species looks similar to it?

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Question: how important is basking for it?

Answer: It regulates its temperature through its environment by basking.

Painted turtle [SEP] Daily routine and basking

A cold-blooded reptile, the painted turtle regulates its temperature through its environment, notably by basking. All ages bask for warmth, often alongside other species of turtle. Sometimes more than 50 individuals are seen on one log together. Turtles bask on a variety of objects, often logs, but have even been seen basking on top of common loons that were covering eggs. The turtle starts its day at sunrise, emerging from the water to bask for several hours. Warmed for activity, it returns to the water to forage. After becoming chilled, the turtle re-emerges for one to two more cycles of basking and feeding.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: It regulates its temperature through its environment by basking.

Question: can they be brought up as pets?

Answer: Yes, they were the second most popular pet turtles after red-eared sliders.

Painted turtle [SEP] Pets and other uses

According to a trade data study, painted turtles were the second most popular pet turtles after red-eared sliders in the early 1990s. As of 2010, most U.S. states allow, but discourage, painted turtle pets, although Oregon forbids keeping them as pets, and Indiana prohibits their sale. U.S. federal law prohibits sale or transport of any turtle less than , to limit human contact to salmonella. However, a loophole for scientific samples allows some small turtles to be sold, and illegal trafficking also occurs. Painted turtle pet-keeping requirements are similar to those of the red-eared slider. Keepers are urged to provide them with adequate space and a basking site, and water that is regularly filtered and changed.


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Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: can they be brought up as pets?

Context: Yes, they were the second most popular pet turtles after red-eared sliders.

Question: what are its other uses?

Answer: In the Midwest, turtle racing is popular at summer fairs.

According to Petco, the animals are described as being somewhat unsuitable for children as they do not enjoy being held. Hobbyists have kept turtles alive for decades. The painted turtle is sometimes eaten but is not highly regarded as food, as even the largest subspecies, the western painted turtle, is inconveniently small and larger turtles are available. Schools frequently dissect painted turtles, which are sold by biological supply companies; specimens often come from the wild but may be captive-bred. In the Midwest, turtle racing is popular at summer fairs.


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Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: can they be brought up as pets?

Context: what are its other uses?

Context: In the Midwest, turtle racing is popular at summer fairs.

Question: when was this racing started?

Answer: In the early 20th century.

Turtle racing [SEP] History

Turtle racing initially became a popular pastime in The Bahamas in the early 20th century. The earliest known turtle race to occur in the United States took place in Chicago in 1902. Dubbed "The Strangest Race Ever Run" by the Chicago Daily Tribune, seven turtles raced across a lawn while being ridden by small children. Although spectators attempted to lure them toward a finish line with cabbages, they were not able to coax the turtles to move in a straight line. A turtle race that took place in 1911 gained notoriety due to the participation of several celebrities, including playwright George Ade and former Massachusetts Governor Ebenezer Sumner Draper, who organized a race between two large turtles while passengers on a Caribbean cruise.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: can they be brought up as pets?

Context: what are its other uses?

Context: when was this racing started?

Context: In the early 20th century.

Question: what danger is involved in it?

Answer: Turtles on occasion can pose a danger to spectators.

Turtle racing [SEP] Danger

Although it is generally a safe event, turtles on occasion can pose a danger to spectators. On one occasion, a turtle bit a woman who had given it a kiss to celebrate its victory in a race. Paramedics responded and injected the turtle with Valium after the turtle refused to let go of the woman's lip. The injection did not seriously injure the turtle, who soon returned to racing. Some turtle racers have attempted to cause turtles to move more quickly by stimulating specific areas of the brain with a low electric current. This poses a danger to spectators who may be accidentally electrocuted.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: can they be brought up as pets?

Context: what are its other uses?

Context: when was this racing started?

Context: In the early 20th century.

Context: what danger is involved in it?

Context: Turtles on occasion can pose a danger to spectators.

Question: was there any controversy with regard to it?

Answer: Yes, the Market Days festival in Concord, New Hampshire cancelled its turtle racing event after it received complaints that the sport was a form of cruelty to animals.

Turtle racing [SEP] Controversy

Animal rights activists have described the sport as "cruelty" to turtles. The Market Days festival in Concord, New Hampshire cancelled its turtle racing event after it received complaints that the sport was a form of cruelty to animals. Archbishop Daniel Edward Pilarczyk has also opined against turtle racing, stating that the practice does not "mirror the compassion of Jesus".


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Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: can they be brought up as pets?

Context: what are its other uses?

Context: when was this racing started?

Context: In the early 20th century.

Context: what danger is involved in it?

Context: was there any controversy with regard to it?

Context: Yes, the Market Days festival in Concord, New Hampshire cancelled its turtle racing event after it received complaints that the sport was a form of cruelty to animals.

Question: what important sites can we see where the market festival was held?

Answer: Penacook

Explanation: The city of Concord is made up of the five distinct villages of Penacook, Concord Heights, East Concord, West Concord, and the downtown neighborhoods referred to as the North End and the South End.

Concord, New Hampshire [SEP] Villages


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: can they be brought up as pets?

Context: what are its other uses?

Context: when was this racing started?

Context: In the early 20th century.

Context: what danger is involved in it?

Context: what important sites can we see where the market festival was held?

Context: Penacook

Question: what is it?

Answer: It is a village within the city of Concord.

Penacook, New Hampshire [SEP] Introduction

Penacook, originally called "Fisherville", is a village within the city of Concord in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. It lies along Concord's northern border with Boscawen. The name comes from the Pennacook tribe that lived in the area. "Penacook" ("Pennycook") was the original name of the plantation incorporated by present-day Concord. Penacook is located along a stretch of the Contoocook River that falls in slightly over , just before joining the Merrimack River. Early hydro-powered industry was attracted to the site, and Penacook grew as a mill town. While dams on the river still generate electricity, most of the 19th- and 20th-century factories, such as Allied Leather, have long since closed.


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Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: can they be brought up as pets?

Context: what are its other uses?

Context: when was this racing started?

Context: In the early 20th century.

Context: what danger is involved in it?

Context: Penacook

Context: what is it?

Context: It is a village within the city of Concord.

Question: how is the climate at the village mentioned?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


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Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: can they be brought up as pets?

Context: what are its other uses?

Context: when was this racing started?

Context: In the early 20th century.

Context: what danger is involved in it?

Context: Penacook

Context: what is it?

Context: how is the climate at the village mentioned?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are some of the famous educational institutions at place where the village is located?

Answer: Merrimack Valley High School and Merrimack Valley Middle School.

Concord, New Hampshire [SEP] Education

Beaver Meadow School, the remaining elementary school, was unaffected by the changes. Concord schools in the Merrimack Valley School District include Merrimack Valley High School and Merrimack Valley Middle School, which are adjacent to each other and to Rolfe Park in Penacook village, and Penacook Elementary School, just south of the village. Concord has two parochial schools, Bishop Brady High School and Saint John Regional School.


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Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: can they be brought up as pets?

Context: what are its other uses?

Context: when was this racing started?

Context: In the early 20th century.

Context: what danger is involved in it?

Context: Penacook

Context: what is it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some of the famous educational institutions at place where the village is located?

Context: Merrimack Valley High School and Merrimack Valley Middle School.

Question: what academic programmes can we get to study at the high school?

Answer: The school offers several Project Running Start courses through NHTI in Concord.

Merrimack Valley High School [SEP] Advanced Placement courses

There are six Advanced Placement courses currently available at Merrimack Valley: In addition, the school offers several Project Running Start courses through NHTI in Concord. These courses are taught by teachers credentialed by NHTI and follow the curriculum of courses that are offered on the college campus. Students earn dual credit (both high school and college credit).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: why is it named so?

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: can they be brought up as pets?

Context: what are its other uses?

Context: when was this racing started?

Context: In the early 20th century.

Context: what danger is involved in it?

Context: Penacook

Context: what is it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what academic programmes can we get to study at the high school?

Context: The school offers several Project Running Start courses through NHTI in Concord.

Question: when was it founded?

Answer: Two years of construction and remodeling were completed in 2007.

Merrimack Valley High School [SEP] Introduction

Merrimack Valley is a four-year high school located in Penacook, a village in the northern part of Concord, New Hampshire. The school has approximately 900 students and serves the communities of Andover, Boscawen, Loudon, Penacook, Salisbury, and Webster. Two years of construction and remodeling were completed in 2007, resulting in a completely new facility. The school was initially accredited by the New England Association of School and Colleges (NEASC) in 1967. The faculty, staff, students, and community began self-study for reaccreditation in 2009; the next visiting team came in 2011. In 2003, the school was recognized by the New Hampshire Excellence in Education award (EDies) for being the best high school in the state of New Hampshire.


Context: when do painted turtle eggs hatch in minnesota

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is a painted turtle?

Context: It is the most widespread native turtle of North America.

Context: why is it named so?

Context: It's generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words for "gold" ("chryso") and "freshwater tortoise" ("emys").

Context: what do they eat?

Context: They eat both plants and animals.

Context: are there any other species looks similar to it?

Context: Yes, the red-eared slider.

Context: how important is basking for it?

Context: It regulates its temperature through its environment by basking.

Context: can they be brought up as pets?

Context: Yes, they were the second most popular pet turtles after red-eared sliders.

Context: what are its other uses?

Context: In the Midwest, turtle racing is popular at summer fairs.

Context: when was this racing started?

Context: In the early 20th century.

Context: what danger is involved in it?

Context: Turtles on occasion can pose a danger to spectators.

Context: was there any controversy with regard to it?

Context: Yes, the Market Days festival in Concord, New Hampshire cancelled its turtle racing event after it received complaints that the sport was a form of cruelty to animals.

Context: what important sites can we see where the market festival was held?

Context: Penacook

Context: what is it?

Context: It is a village within the city of Concord.

Context: how is the climate at the village mentioned?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some of the famous educational institutions at place where the village is located?

Context: Merrimack Valley High School and Merrimack Valley Middle School.

Context: what academic programmes can we get to study at the high school?

Context: The school offers several Project Running Start courses through NHTI in Concord.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: Two years of construction and remodeling were completed in 2007.

Question: where is the school situated?

Answer: Penacook

Explanation: Merrimack Valley is a four-year high school located in Penacook, a village in the northern part of Concord, New Hampshire.


Question: what is baleen whale?

Answer: A parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea.

Baleen whale [SEP] Introduction

Baleen whales (systematic name Mysticeti), also known as whalebone whales, form a parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises). They are a widely distributed and diverse parvorder of carnivorous marine mammals. Mysticeti comprise the families Balaenidae (right and bowhead whales), Balaenopteridae (rorquals), Cetotheriidae (the pygmy right whale), and Eschrichtiidae (the gray whale). There are currently 15 species of baleen whales. While cetaceans were historically thought to have descended from mesonychids, (which would place them outside the order Artiodactyla), molecular evidence supports them as a clade of even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla). Baleen whales split from toothed whales (Odontoceti) around 34 million years ago.


Context:
what is baleen whale?
A parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea.

Question: what is the lifespan of the latter mentioned?

Answer: Over 200 years.

Cetacea [SEP] Lifespan

Among cetaceans, whales are distinguished by an unusual longevity compared to other higher mammals. Some species, such as the bowhead whale ("Balaena mysticetus"), can reach over 200 years. Based on the annual rings of the bony otic capsule, the age of the oldest known specimen is a male determined to be 211 years at the time of death.


Context: what is baleen whale?

Context: A parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea.

Context: what is the lifespan of the latter mentioned?

Context: Over 200 years.

Question: what is the head like of these species?

Answer: Elongated head

Cetacea [SEP] Head

Whales have an elongated head, especially baleen whales, due to the wide overhanging jaw. Bowhead whale plates can be long. Their nostril(s) make up the blowhole, with one in toothed whales and two in baleen whales. The nostrils are located on top of the head above the eyes so that the rest of the body can remain submerged while surfacing for air. The back of the skull is significantly shortened and deformed. By shifting the nostrils to the top of the head, the nasal passages extend perpendicularly through the skull. The teeth or baleen in the upper jaw sit exclusively on the maxilla.


Context: what is baleen whale?

Context: A parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea.

Context: Over 200 years.

Context: what is the head like of these species?

Context: Elongated head

Question: how intelligent are they?

Answer: Known to teach, learn, cooperate, scheme and grieve.

Cetacea [SEP] Intelligence

Cetacea are known to teach, learn, cooperate, scheme and grieve. Smaller cetaceans, such as dolphins and porpoises, engage in complex play behavior, including such things as producing stable underwater toroidal air-core vortex rings or "bubble rings". The two main methods of bubble ring production are rapid puffing of air into the water and allowing it to rise to the surface, forming a ring, or swimming repeatedly in a circle and then stopping to inject air into the helical vortex currents thus formed. They also appear to enjoy biting the vortex rings, so that they burst into many separate bubbles and then rise quickly to the surface.


Context: what is baleen whale?

Context: A parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea.

Context: Over 200 years.

Context: what is the head like of these species?

Context: Elongated head

Context: how intelligent are they?

Context: Known to teach, learn, cooperate, scheme and grieve.

Question: what are some environmental hazards they are susceptible to?

Answer: Plastic waste flotsam, damaged ozone layer, and ocean acidification.

Explanation:
Heavy metals, residues of many plant and insect venoms and plastic waste flotsam are not biodegradable. Sometimes, cetaceans consume these hazardous materials, mistaking them for food items. As a result, the animals are more susceptible to disease and have fewer offspring.

Damage to the ozone layer reduces plankton reproduction because of its resulting radiation. This shrinks the food supply for many marine animals, but the filter-feeding baleen whales are most impacted. Even the Nekton is, in addition to intensive exploitation, damaged by the radiation.

Food supplies are also reduced long-term by ocean acidification due to increased absorption of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. The CO reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which reduces the construction of the calcium carbonate skeletons of food supplies for zooplankton that baleen whales depend on.

Cetacea [SEP] Environmental hazards


Context: what is baleen whale?

Context: A parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea.

Context: Over 200 years.

Context: what is the head like of these species?

Context: Elongated head

Context: how intelligent are they?

Context: what are some environmental hazards they are susceptible to?

Context: Plastic waste flotsam, damaged ozone layer, and ocean acidification.

Question: how does its respiration work?

Answer: Deliberate breathers who must be awake to inhale and exhale.

Cetacea [SEP] Respiration

Cetaceans have lungs, meaning they breathe air. An individual can last without a breath from a few minutes to over two hours depending on the species. Cetacea are deliberate breathers who must be awake to inhale and exhale. When stale air, warmed from the lungs, is exhaled, it condenses as it meets colder external air. As with a terrestrial mammal breathing out on a cold day, a small cloud of 'steam' appears. This is called the 'spout' and varies across species in shape, angle and height. Species can be identified at a distance using this characteristic. The structure of the respiratory and circulatory systems is of particular importance for the life of marine mammals.


Context: what is baleen whale?

Context: A parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea.

Context: Over 200 years.

Context: what is the head like of these species?

Context: Elongated head

Context: how intelligent are they?

Context: how does its respiration work?

Context: Deliberate breathers who must be awake to inhale and exhale.

Question: what are the threats it faces?

Answer: Directly from drive hunting and indirectly from pollution.

Explanation: The primary threats to cetaceans come from people, both directly from whaling or drive hunting and indirect threats from fishing and pollution.

Cetacea [SEP] Threats


Context: what is baleen whale?

Context: A parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea.

Context: Over 200 years.

Context: what is the head like of these species?

Context: Elongated head

Context: how intelligent are they?

Context: how does its respiration work?

Context: what are the threats it faces?

Context: Directly from drive hunting and indirectly from pollution.

Question: how does it die?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Cetacea [SEP] Threats


Context: what is baleen whale?

Context: A parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea.

Context: Over 200 years.

Context: what is the head like of these species?

Context: Elongated head

Context: how intelligent are they?

Context: how does its respiration work?

Context: what are the threats it faces?

Context: how does it die?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who are its ancestors?

Answer: Dorudon of Dorudontidae.

Cetacea [SEP] Ancestors

The direct ancestors of today's cetaceans are probably found within the Dorudontidae whose most famous member, "Dorudon", lived at the same time as "Basilosaurus". Both groups had already developed the typical anatomical features of today's whales, such as hearing. Life in the water for a formerly terrestrial creature required significant adjustments such as the fixed bulla, which replaces the mammalian eardrum, as well as sound-conducting elements for submerged directional hearing. Their wrists were stiffened and probably contributed to the typical build of flippers. The hind legs existed, however, but were significantly reduced in size and with a vestigial pelvis connection.


Context: what is baleen whale?

Context: A parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea.

Context: Over 200 years.

Context: what is the head like of these species?

Context: Elongated head

Context: how intelligent are they?

Context: how does its respiration work?

Context: what are the threats it faces?

Context: how does it die?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who are its ancestors?

Context: Dorudon of Dorudontidae.

Question: what is the first one like?

Answer: A genus of extinct basilosaurid ancient whales.

Dorudon [SEP] Introduction

Dorudon ("spear-tooth") is a genus of extinct basilosaurid ancient whales that lived alongside "Basilosaurus" 40.4 to 33.9 million years ago in the Eocene. They were about long and fed on small fish and mollusks. "Dorudon" lived in warm seas around the world. Fossils have been found along the former shorelines of the Tethys Sea in present-day Egypt and Pakistan, as well as in the United States, New Zealand, and Western Sahara.


Question: when are organisms considered to belong to the same species

Answer: When any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Some other ways of defining them include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology etc.

Explanation: A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined.

Species [SEP] Introduction

All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes in zoological nomenclature). For example, "Boa constrictor" is one of four species of the genus "Boa", with "constrictor" being the species' epithet.


Context: when are organisms considered to belong to the same species

Context: When any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Some other ways of defining them include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology etc.

Question: how are they defined as?

Answer: A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

Species [SEP] Introduction

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The total number of species is estimated to be between 8 and 8.7 million. However the vast majority of them are not studied or documented and it may take over 1000 years to fully catalogue them all.


Context: how are they defined as?

Context: A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

Question: was there any scientists who contributed to this classification?

Answer: Some of the early ones include Linnaeus, Ernst Mayr, R. L. Mayden and John Wilkins.

Explanation: Biologists and taxonomists have made many attempts to define species, beginning from morphology and moving towards genetics. Early taxonomists such as Linnaeus had no option but to describe what they saw: this was later formalised as the typological or morphological species concept. Ernst Mayr emphasised reproductive isolation, but this, like other species concepts, is hard or even impossible to test. Later biologists have tried to refine Mayr's definition with the recognition and cohesion concepts, among others. Many of the concepts are quite similar or overlap, so they are not easy to count: the biologist R. L. Mayden recorded about 24 concepts, and the philosopher of science John Wilkins counted 26.

Species [SEP] Definition


Context: how are they defined as?

Context: was there any scientists who contributed to this classification?

Context: Some of the early ones include Linnaeus, Ernst Mayr, R. L. Mayden and John Wilkins.

Question: who is the second mentioned person?

Answer: He was an evolutionary biologist,  taxonomist, tropical explorer, ornithologist, philosopher of biology, and historian of science.

Ernst Mayr [SEP] Introduction

Ernst Walter Mayr (; 5 July 1904 – 3 February 2005) was one of the 20th century's leading evolutionary biologists. He was also a renowned taxonomist, tropical explorer, ornithologist, philosopher of biology, and historian of science. His work contributed to the conceptual revolution that led to the modern evolutionary synthesis of Mendelian genetics, systematics, and Darwinian evolution, and to the development of the biological species concept. Although Charles Darwin and others posited that multiple species could evolve from a single common ancestor, the mechanism by which this occurred was not understood, creating the "species problem". Ernst Mayr approached the problem with a new definition for species.


Context: how are they defined as?

Context: who is the second mentioned person?

Context: He was an evolutionary biologist,  taxonomist, tropical explorer, ornithologist, philosopher of biology, and historian of science.

Question: how did he summarized the darwin's theory?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Ernst Mayr [SEP] Introduction


Context: how are they defined as?

Context: who is the second mentioned person?

Context: how did he summarized the darwin's theory?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are morphological species?

Answer: A group of organisms in which individuals conform to certain fixed properties (a type). The clusters of variations or phenotypes within specimens (such as longer or shorter tails) would differentiate the species.

Species [SEP] Typological or morphological species

A typological species is a group of organisms in which individuals conform to certain fixed properties (a type), so that even pre-literate people often recognise the same taxon as do modern taxonomists. The clusters of variations or phenotypes within specimens (such as longer or shorter tails) would differentiate the species. This method was used as a "classical" method of determining species, such as with Linnaeus early in evolutionary theory. However, different phenotypes are not necessarily different species (e.g. a four-winged "Drosophila" born to a two-winged mother is not a different species). Species named in this manner are called "morphospecies". In the 1970s, Robert R.


Context: how are they defined as?

Context: who is the second mentioned person?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are morphological species?

Context: A group of organisms in which individuals conform to certain fixed properties (a type). The clusters of variations or phenotypes within specimens (such as longer or shorter tails) would differentiate the species.

Question: who proposed this aforementioned concepts?

Answer: It was used by Linnaeus in early evolutionary theory.

Explanation: This method was used as a "classical" method of determining species, such as with Linnaeus early in evolutionary theory.


Context: how are they defined as?

Context: who is the second mentioned person?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are morphological species?

Context: who proposed this aforementioned concepts?

Context: It was used by Linnaeus in early evolutionary theory.

Question: how are the organisms named in common and scientific names?

Answer: The commonly used names for kinds of organisms are often ambiguous and can vary from place to place. In contrast, the scientific names of species are chosen to be unique and universal; they are in two parts used together.

Explanation: The commonly used names for kinds of organisms are often ambiguous: "cat" could mean the domestic cat, "Felis catus", or the cat family, Felidae. Another problem with common names is that they often vary from place to place, so that puma, cougar, catamount, panther, painter and mountain lion all mean "Puma concolor" in various parts of America, while "panther" may also mean the jaguar ("Panthera onca") of Latin America or the leopard ("Panthera pardus") of Africa and Asia. In contrast, the scientific names of species are chosen to be unique and universal; they are in two parts used together: the genus as in "Puma", and the specific epithet as in "concolor".

Species [SEP] Common and scientific names


Context: how are they defined as?

Context: who is the second mentioned person?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are morphological species?

Context: how are the organisms named in common and scientific names?

Context: The commonly used names for kinds of organisms are often ambiguous and can vary from place to place. In contrast, the scientific names of species are chosen to be unique and universal; they are in two parts used together.

Question: were any identification codes devised?

Answer: With the rise of online databases, codes have been devised to provide identifiers for species that are already defined.

Species [SEP] Identification codes

With the rise of online databases, codes have been devised to provide identifiers for species that are already defined, including:


Context: how are they defined as?

Context: who is the second mentioned person?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are morphological species?

Context: were any identification codes devised?

Context: With the rise of online databases, codes have been devised to provide identifiers for species that are already defined.

Question: name few places were these online databases are used?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Species [SEP] Identification codes


Context: how are they defined as?

Context: who is the second mentioned person?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are morphological species?

Context: were any identification codes devised?

Context: name few places were these online databases are used?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is referred to as the species problem?

Answer: It is difficult to define a species in a way that applies to all organisms. The debate about species delimitation is called the species problem.

Species [SEP] The species problem

It is difficult to define a species in a way that applies to all organisms. The debate about species delimitation is called the species problem. The problem was recognized even in 1859, when Darwin wrote in "On the Origin of Species":


Question: who opened trade between india and the mediterranean world

Answer: The Roman Empire.

Indo-Roman trade relations [SEP] Introduction

Indo-Roman trade relations (see also the spice trade and incense road) was trade between the Indian subcontinent and the Roman Empire in Europe and the Mediterranean Sea. Trade through the overland caravan routes via Asia Minor and the Middle East, though at a relative trickle compared to later times, antedated the southern trade route via the Red Sea and monsoons which started around the beginning of the Common Era (CE) following the reign of Augustus and his conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE. The southern route so helped enhance trade between the ancient Roman Empire and the Indian subcontinent, that Roman politicians and historians are on record decrying the loss of silver and gold to buy silk to pamper Roman wives, and the southern route grew to eclipse and then totally supplant the overland trade route.


Context: who opened trade between india and the mediterranean world

Context: The Roman Empire.

Question: which items were traded?

Answer: Animals.

Indo-Roman trade relations [SEP] Trade of exotic animals

There is evidence of animal trade between Indian Ocean harbours and the Mediterranean. This can be seen in the mosaics and frescoes of the remains of Roman villas in Italy. For example, the Villa del Casale has mosaics depicting the capture of animals in India, Indonesia and Africa. The intercontinental trade of animals was one of the sources of wealth for the owners of the villa. In the Ambulacro della Grande Caccia, the hunting and capture of animals is represented in such detail that it is possible to identify the species. There is a scene that shows a technique to distract a tiger with a shimmering ball of glass or mirror in order to take her cubs.


Context: The Roman Empire.

Context: which items were traded?

Context: Animals.

Question: which were the major ports on the roman side?

Answer: Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos.

Indo-Roman trade relations [SEP] Roman ports

The three main Roman ports involved with eastern trade were Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos. Arsinoe was one of the early trading centers but was soon overshadowed by the more easily accessible Myos Hormos and Berenice.


Context: The Roman Empire.

Context: which items were traded?

Context: Animals.

Context: which were the major ports on the roman side?

Context: Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos.

Question: when was this trade started?

Answer: 130 BCE

Indo-Roman trade relations [SEP] Establishment

The replacement of Greek kingdoms by the Roman empire as the administrator of the eastern Mediterranean basin led to the strengthening of direct maritime trade with the east and the elimination of the taxes extracted previously by the middlemen of various land based trading routes. Strabo's mention of the vast increase in trade following the Roman annexation of Egypt indicates that monsoon was known from his time. The trade started by Eudoxus of Cyzicus in 130 BCE kept increasing according to Strabo (II.5.12.): By the time of Augustus up to 120 ships were setting sail every year from Myos Hormos to India.


Context: The Roman Empire.

Context: which items were traded?

Context: Animals.

Context: Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos.

Context: when was this trade started?

Context: 130 BCE

Question: through which waterbody did this trade take place?

Answer: Mediterranean Sea.


Context: The Roman Empire.

Context: which items were traded?

Context: Animals.

Context: Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos.

Context: when was this trade started?

Context: 130 BCE

Context: through which waterbody did this trade take place?

Context: Mediterranean Sea.

Question: which ancient civilizations were there around it apart from the one discussed above??

Answer: The Greek city states and the Phoenicians.

Mediterranean Sea [SEP] Ancient civilizations

Several ancient civilizations were located around the Mediterranean shores and were greatly influenced by their proximity to the sea. It provided routes for trade, colonization, and war, as well as food (from fishing and the gathering of other seafood) for numerous communities throughout the ages. Due to the shared climate, geology, and access to the sea, cultures centered on the Mediterranean tended to have some extent of intertwined culture and history. Two of the most notable Mediterranean civilizations in classical antiquity were the Greek city states and the Phoenicians, both of which extensively colonized the coastlines of the Mediterranean. Later, when Augustus founded the Roman Empire, the Romans referred to the Mediterranean as "Mare Nostrum" ("Our Sea").


Context: The Roman Empire.

Context: which items were traded?

Context: Animals.

Context: Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos.

Context: when was this trade started?

Context: 130 BCE

Context: Mediterranean Sea.

Context: which ancient civilizations were there around it apart from the one discussed above??

Context: The Greek city states and the Phoenicians.

Question: when did the last civilization reach its peak?

Answer: In the Iron Age.

Phoenicia [SEP] Ascendance and high point (1200–800 BC)

Early into the Iron Age, the Phoenicians established ports, warehouses, markets, and settlement all across the Mediterranean and up to the southern Black Sea. Colonies were established on Cyprus, Sardinia, the Balearic Islands, Sicily, and Malta, as well as the coasts of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. Phoenician hacksilver dated to this period bears lead isotope ratios matching ores in Sardinia and Spain, indicating the extent of Phoenician trade networks.


Context: The Roman Empire.

Context: which items were traded?

Context: Animals.

Context: Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos.

Context: when was this trade started?

Context: 130 BCE

Context: Mediterranean Sea.

Context: when did the last civilization reach its peak?

Context: In the Iron Age.

Question: did they colonize any area?

Answer: They established numerous colonies and trading posts along the coasts of the Mediterranean.

Phoenicia [SEP] Phoenician colonization

To facilitate their commercial ventures, the Phoenicians established numerous colonies and trading posts along the coasts of the Mediterranean. Phoenician city states generally lacked the numbers or even the desire to expand their territory overseas. Few colonies had more than 1,000 inhabitants; only Carthage and some nearby settlements in the western Mediterranean would grow larger. A major motivating factor was competition with the Greeks, who began expanding across the Mediterranean during the same period. Though a largely peaceful rivalry, their respective settlements in Crete and Sicily did clash intermittently. The earliest Phoenician settlements outside the Levant were on Cyprus and Crete, gradually moving westward towards Corsica, the Balearic Islands, Sardinia, and Sicily, as well as on the European mainland in Genoa and Marseilles.


Context: The Roman Empire.

Context: which items were traded?

Context: Animals.

Context: Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos.

Context: when was this trade started?

Context: 130 BCE

Context: Mediterranean Sea.

Context: In the Iron Age.

Context: did they colonize any area?

Context: They established numerous colonies and trading posts along the coasts of the Mediterranean.

Question: which were the flourishing industries there?

Answer: Glass-making, engraved and chased metalwork.

Explanation: They became the leading source of glassware in antiquity, shipping thousands of flasks, beads, and other glass objects across the Mediterranean. Excavations of colonies in Spain suggest they also utilized the potter's wheel.

Phoenicia [SEP] Industry

Excavations of colonies in Spain suggest they also utilized the potter's wheel. Their exposure to a wide variety of cultures allowed them to manufacture goods for specific markets. The "Iliad" suggests Phoenician clothing and metal goods were highly prized by the Greeks. Specialized goods were designed specifically for wealthier clientele, including ivory reliefs and plaques, carved clam shells, sculpted amber, and finely detailed and painted ostrich eggs.


Context: The Roman Empire.

Context: which items were traded?

Context: Animals.

Context: Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos.

Context: when was this trade started?

Context: 130 BCE

Context: Mediterranean Sea.

Context: In the Iron Age.

Context: did they colonize any area?

Context: which were the flourishing industries there?

Context: Glass-making, engraved and chased metalwork.

Question: which were the prominent cities?

Answer: Berut, Arqa and Baalbek.

Phoenicia [SEP] Important cities and colonies

The Phoenicians were not a nation in the political sense, but were organized into independent city states that shared a common language and culture. The leading city states were Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos. Rivalries were common, but armed conflict rare. Numerous other cities existed in the Levant alone, many probably unknown, including Berut (modern Beirut) Ampi, Amia, Arqa, Baalbek, Botrys, Sarepta and Tripoli. From the late tenth century BC, the Phoenicians established commercial outposts throughout the Mediterranean, with Tyre founding colonies in Cyprus, Sardinia, Iberia, the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Malta, and North Africa. Later colonies were established beyond the Straits of Gibraltar, particularly on the Atlantic coast of Iberia, and the Phoenicians may have explored the Canary Islands and the British Isles.


Context: The Roman Empire.

Context: which items were traded?

Context: Animals.

Context: Arsinoe, Berenice and Myos Hormos.

Context: when was this trade started?

Context: 130 BCE

Context: Mediterranean Sea.

Context: In the Iron Age.

Context: did they colonize any area?

Context: which were the prominent cities?

Context: Berut, Arqa and Baalbek.

Question: which other civilizations periods did the first city see?

Answer: Hellenistic period

Beirut [SEP] Hellenistic period

In 140BC, the Phoenician city was destroyed by Diodotus Tryphon in his contest with Antiochus VII Sidetes for the throne of the Hellenistic Seleucid monarchy. Laodicea in Phoenicia was built upon the same site on a more conventional Hellenistic plan. Present-day Beirut overlies this ancient one, and little archaeology was carried out until after the end of the civil war in 1991. The salvage excavations after 1993 have yielded new insights in the layout and history of this Hellenistic period. Public architecture included several areas and buildings. Mid-1st-century coins from Berytus bear the head of Tyche, goddess of fortune; on the reverse, the city's symbol appears: a dolphin entwines an anchor.


Question: what song did paul mccartney wrote for julian lennon

Answer: "Hey Jude"

Hey Jude [SEP] Introduction

"Hey Jude" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in August 1968. It was written by Paul McCartney and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership. The single was the Beatles' first release on their Apple record label and one of the "First Four" singles by Apple's roster of artists, marking the label's public launch. "Hey Jude" was a number-one hit in many countries around the world and became the year's top-selling single in the UK, the US, Australia and Canada. Its nine-week run at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 tied the all-time record in 1968 for the longest run at the top of the US charts.


Context: what song did paul mccartney wrote for julian lennon

Context: "Hey Jude"

Question: is it a song?

Answer: Yes

Explanation: "Hey Jude" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in August 1968.

Hey Jude [SEP] Introduction


Context: "Hey Jude"

Context: is it a song?

Context: Yes

Question: who is the song writer?

Answer: Paul McCartney

Explanation: It was written by Paul McCartney and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership.

Hey Jude [SEP] Introduction


Context: "Hey Jude"

Context: is it a song?

Context: Yes

Context: who is the song writer?

Context: Paul McCartney

Question: who is this person?

Answer: He is an English singer, songwriter, musician, and record and film producer who gained worldwide fame as co-lead vocalist and bassist for the Beatles.

Paul McCartney [SEP] Introduction

Sir James Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, and record and film producer who gained worldwide fame as co-lead vocalist and bassist for the Beatles. His songwriting partnership with John Lennon remains the most successful in history. After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine. A self-taught musician, McCartney is proficient on bass, guitar, keyboards, and drums. He is known for his melodic approach to bass-playing (mainly playing with a plectrum), his versatile and wide tenor vocal range (spanning over four octaves), and his eclecticism (exploring styles ranging from pre-rock and roll pop to classical and electronica).


Context: "Hey Jude"

Context: is it a song?

Context: Yes

Context: who is the song writer?

Context: Paul McCartney

Context: who is this person?

Context: He is an English singer, songwriter, musician, and record and film producer who gained worldwide fame as co-lead vocalist and bassist for the Beatles.

Question: is the song performed by the aforementioned band?

Answer: Yes

Hey Jude [SEP] Introduction

"Hey Jude" was the first Beatles song to be recorded on eight-track recording equipment. The sessions took place at Trident Studios in central London, midway through the recording of the group's self-titled double album (also known as the "White Album"), and led to an argument between McCartney and George Harrison over the song's guitar part. Ringo Starr later left the band only to return shortly before they filmed the promotional clip for the single. The clip was directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg and first aired on David Frost's UK television show. Contrasting with the problems afflicting the band, this performance captured the song's theme of optimism and togetherness by featuring the studio audience joining the Beatles as they sang the coda.


Context: "Hey Jude"

Context: is it a song?

Context: Yes

Context: who is the song writer?

Context: Paul McCartney

Context: who is this person?

Context: is the song performed by the aforementioned band?

Context: Yes

Question: who are the band members?

Answer: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr.

The Beatles [SEP] Introduction

The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. The group, whose best-known line-up comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, are regarded as the most influential band of all time. They were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band later explored music styles ranging from ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements.


Context: "Hey Jude"

Context: is it a song?

Context: Yes

Context: who is the song writer?

Context: Paul McCartney

Context: who is this person?

Context: Yes

Context: who are the band members?

Context: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr.

Question: what is the inspired the song mentioned at the beginning?

Answer: It was credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership.

Hey Jude [SEP] Introduction


Context: "Hey Jude"

Context: is it a song?

Context: Yes

Context: who is the song writer?

Context: Paul McCartney

Context: who is this person?

Context: Yes

Context: who are the band members?

Context: what is the inspired the song mentioned at the beginning?

Context: It was credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership.

Question: who are the other artists who performed this song?

Answer: George Harrison

Explanation: The sessions took place at Trident Studios in central London, midway through the recording of the group's self-titled double album (also known as the "White Album"), and led to an argument between McCartney and George Harrison over the song's guitar part.

Hey Jude [SEP] Introduction


Context: "Hey Jude"

Context: is it a song?

Context: Yes

Context: who is the song writer?

Context: Paul McCartney

Context: who is this person?

Context: Yes

Context: who are the band members?

Context: who are the other artists who performed this song?

Context: George Harrison

Question: what instruments did the singer/musician proficient in?

Answer: McCartney is proficient on bass, guitar, keyboards, and drums.

Explanation: A self-taught musician, McCartney is proficient on bass, guitar, keyboards, and drums.

Paul McCartney [SEP] Introduction


Context: "Hey Jude"

Context: is it a song?

Context: Yes

Context: who is the song writer?

Context: Paul McCartney

Context: who is this person?

Context: Yes

Context: who are the band members?

Context: George Harrison

Context: what instruments did the singer/musician proficient in?

Context: McCartney is proficient on bass, guitar, keyboards, and drums.

Question: the other artist who performed this song did he play the sitar and indian music too?

Answer: Harrison became fascinated with the sitar and immersed himself in Indian music.

George Harrison [SEP] Sitar and Indian music

During the Beatles' American tour in August 1965, Harrison's friend David Crosby of the Byrds introduced him to Indian classical music and the work of sitar maestro Ravi Shankar. Harrison described Shankar as "the first person who ever impressed me in my life ... and he was the only person who didn't try to impress me." Harrison became fascinated with the sitar and immersed himself in Indian music. According to Lavezzoli, Harrison's introduction of the instrument on the Beatles' song "Norwegian Wood" "opened the floodgates for Indian instrumentation in rock music, triggering what Shankar would call 'The Great Sitar Explosion' of 1966–67".


Context: "Hey Jude"

Context: is it a song?

Context: Yes

Context: who is the song writer?

Context: Paul McCartney

Context: who is this person?

Context: Yes

Context: who are the band members?

Context: George Harrison

Context: the other artist who performed this song did he play the sitar and indian music too?

Context: Harrison became fascinated with the sitar and immersed himself in Indian music.

Question: what is his relationship with the band mentioned previously?

Answer: He is the lead guitarist of the Beatles.

Explanation: George Harrison (25 February 1943 – 29 November 2001) was an English musician, singer, songwriter, and music and film producer who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles.

George Harrison [SEP] Introduction

"Rolling Stone" magazine ranked him number 11 in their list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". He is a two-time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee – as a member of the Beatles in 1988, and posthumously for his solo career in 2004.