Context: bahrain is famous for its oil and what else

Context: Modern Arab culture and the archaeological legacy of five thousand years of civilization

Context: where is this place located?

Context: In the Persian Gulf between the Qatari peninsula and the north eastern coast of Saudi Arabia

Context: was there any dynasty present in this last place that you have mentioned just now?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: with whom did this mention person form an alliance?

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Context: what was the reason behind it?

Context: To provide the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion

Context: this second person you mentioned, was he a preacher?

Context: Yes. He was a religious leader, Islamic scholar and theologian

Context: how is he recognized?

Context: The national mosque of Qatar, the "Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque" is named after him,

Context: why is this last mentioned mosque controversial?

Context: In 2012, the mosque banned children from entering the mosque during "tarawih" prayers in the month of Ramadhan

Context: what is meant by this term within inverted commas?

Context: Tarawih refers to additional ritual prayers performed by Muslims at night after the Isha prayer during the holy month of Ramadan

Context: from where did this last term originate?

Context: It derives from the Arabic root "R-M-Ḍ" "scorching heat"

Context: when does it start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you tell me what is it exactly?

Context: It is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting, prayer, reflection and community

Context: how is it related to polar regions?

Context: In polar regions, the period between dawn and sunset may exceed twenty-two hours in summer so some Muslims follow the fasting schedule observed in the nearest city that experiences sunrise and sunset, while others follow Mecca time

Context: is any kind of crime done during this period?

Context: The correlation of Ramadan with crime rates is mixed

Context: can you state any architectural feature of the mosque we were talking about?

Context: It is built in traditional Arab style with modern features

Question: tell me about any one teaching of the above preacher?

Answer: He taught that the primary doctrine of Islam was the uniqueness and unity of God

Explanation: He taught that the primary doctrine of Islam was the uniqueness and unity of God ("Tawhid"). He also denounced popular beliefs as polytheism (shirk), rejected much of the medieval law of the scholars (ulema) and called for a new interpretation of Islam.

Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab [SEP] Teachings

It preaches that worship in Islam includes conventional acts of worship such as the five daily prayers ("salat"); fasting ("sawm"); supplication ("Dua"); seeking protection or refuge ("Istia'dha"); seeking help ("Ist'ana" and "Istighatha") of Allah. Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab was keen on emphasizing that other acts, such as making "dua" or calling upon/supplication to or seeking help, protection or intercession from anyone or anything other than Allah, are acts of "shirk" and contradict the tenets of tawhid and that those who tried would never be forgiven.


Question: is linda hunt the voice of edna in the incredibles

Answer: No

Edna Mode [SEP] Creation and voice

Bird's colleagues had to heavily convince him to voice the character himself. Finally succumbing to "popular demand" from his fellow Pixar employees, Bird joked that he was ultimately cast as Edna simply because he was both affordable and available at the time. A similar tactic was used for several other supporting characters in the film: animator Bret Parker voices Kari, the Parr family's babysitter, writer Bud Luckey voices government agent Rick Dicker, and production designer Lou Romano voices Bernie Kropp, Dash's teacher. Bird described Edna's voice as a combination of a Japanese and German accent, deciding to draw influence from these countries because "they're two small countries that have amazing design and amazing technology", citing cameras and cars as examples of technology in which they specialize.


Context: is linda hunt the voice of edna in the incredibles

Context: No

Question: what show is this character from?

Answer: She is a fictional character in Pixar's animated superhero film "The Incredibles"

Edna Mode [SEP] Introduction

Edna "E" Mode is a fictional character in Pixar's animated superhero film "The Incredibles" (2004) and its sequel "Incredibles 2" (2018). She is an eccentric fashion designer renowned for designing the costumes of several famous superheroes, having worked particularly closely with Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl (Bob and Helen Parr), with whom she has maintained a strong friendship. When the couple resumes their superheroic careers after fifteen years, Edna is summoned out of retirement to aid both characters, first by equipping Mr. Incredible with a new costume and then by restoring Elastigirl's confidence in herself as a superheroine. Edna was created by screenwriter and director Brad Bird to explain how "The Incredibles"' superheroes obtain their costumes, a topic he believes is rarely explored in superhero films convincingly.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: She is a fictional character in Pixar's animated superhero film "The Incredibles"

Question: who is the voice behind the character?

Answer: Brad Bird

Edna Mode [SEP] Introduction

Bird also decided to voice the character himself after several actresses originally considered for the role failed to replicate Edna's unique accent. The director understood that, in addition to fashion expertise, the character would need to demonstrate proficiency in science, engineering and technology in order to create costumes capable of withstanding the trials of superheroic activities, and ultimately conceived her as a short, confident character of both German and Japanese descent based on these countries' reputations as small yet powerful nations. Inspired by Q from the "James Bond" franchise, Edna is widely believed to have been based primarily on costume designer Edith Head, although there continues to be constant speculation as to which celebrities inspired Edna, particularly "Vogue" editor-in-chief Anna Wintour and actress Linda Hunt.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Question: who created her?

Answer: Brad Bird

Explanation: Edna was created by screenwriter and director Brad Bird

Edna Mode [SEP] Introduction


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Question: when was this film launched?

Answer: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Explanation: The film opened on November 5, 2004

The Incredibles [SEP] Release

The film opened on November 5, 2004, as Pixar's first film to be rated PG (for "action violence"). Its theatrical release was accompanied with a Pixar short film "Boundin'". The promotional campaign included an official website with video segments, games, and printable memorabilia. While Pixar celebrated another triumph with "The Incredibles", Steve Jobs was embroiled in a public feud with the head of its distribution partner, The Walt Disney Company. This would eventually lead to the ousting of Michael Eisner and Disney's acquisition of Pixar the following year. In March 2014, Disney CEO and chairman Bob Iger announced that the film would be reformatted and re-released in 3D.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Question: what is it about?

Answer: The film follows the Parrs, a family of superheroes who hide their powers in accordance with a government mandate, and attempt to live a quiet suburban life. Mr. Incredible's desire to help people draws the entire family into a confrontation with a vengeful fan-turned-foe.

Explanation:
Set in an
alternate version of the 1960s, the film follows the Parrs, a family of superheroes who hide their powers in accordance with a government mandate, and attempt to live a quiet suburban life. Mr. Incredible's desire to help people draws the entire family into a confrontation with a vengeful fan-turned-foe.

The Incredibles [SEP] Introduction

He pitched the film to Pixar after Warner Bros.' box office disappointment of his first feature, "The Iron Giant" (1999), and carried over much of its staff to develop "The Incredibles". The animation team was tasked with animating an all-human cast, which required creating new technology to animate detailed human anatomy, clothing and realistic skin and hair. Michael Giacchino composed the film's orchestral score. The film premiered on October 27, 2004, at the BFI London Film Festival and had its general release in the United States on November 5, 2004. It performed well at the box office, grossing $633 million worldwide during its original theatrical run.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: The film follows the Parrs, a family of superheroes who hide their powers in accordance with a government mandate, and attempt to live a quiet suburban life. Mr. Incredible's desire to help people draws the entire family into a confrontation with a vengeful fan-turned-foe.

Question: who is the main character of the movie?

Answer: Bob and Helen Parr - Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl

The Incredibles [SEP] Introduction

The Incredibles is a 2004 American computer-animated superhero film written and directed by Brad Bird, produced by Pixar Animation Studios, released by Walt Disney Pictures, and starring the voices of Craig T. Nelson, Holly Hunter, Sarah Vowell, Spencer Fox, Jason Lee, Samuel L. Jackson, and Elizabeth Peña. Set in an alternate version of the 1960s, the film follows the Parrs, a family of superheroes who hide their powers in accordance with a government mandate, and attempt to live a quiet suburban life. Mr. Incredible's desire to help people draws the entire family into a confrontation with a vengeful fan-turned-foe. Bird, who was Pixar's first outside director, developed the film as an extension of the 1960s comic books and spy films from his boyhood and personal family life.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: Bob and Helen Parr - Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl

Question: what media was it first launched on?

Answer: The film was first released on both VHS and a two-disc collector's edition DVD set

The Incredibles [SEP] Home media

The film was first released on both VHS and a two-disc collector's edition DVD set on March 15, 2005. The DVD set included two newly commissioned Pixar short films, "Jack-Jack Attack" and "Mr. Incredible and Pals", which were made specifically for this home-video release, and "Boundin"', a Pixar short film that premiered alongside the feature film in its original theatrical release. The VHS release only featured the short, "Boundin'." It was the highest-selling DVD of 2005, with 17.38 million copies sold. The film was also released on UMD for the Sony PSP. Disney released the film on Blu-ray in North America on April 12, 2011, and on 4K UHD Blu-ray on June 5, 2018; this marks Disney's first 4K Blu-ray reissue on the format.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: The film was first released on both VHS and a two-disc collector's edition DVD set

Question: where is the company that produced it located?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Incredibles [SEP] Home media


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: where is the company that produced it located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was this company started?

Answer: 1974

Explanation: Pixar got its start in 1974

Pixar [SEP] Early history

Pixar got its start in 1974 when New York Institute of Technology's (NYIT) founder, Alexander Schure, who was also the owner of a traditional animation studio, established the Computer Graphics Lab (CGL), recruited computer scientists who shared his ambitions about creating the world's first computer-animated film. Edwin Catmull and Malcolm Blanchard were the first to be hired and were soon joined by Alvy Ray Smith and David DiFrancesco some months later, which were the four original members of the Computer Graphics Lab. Schure kept pouring money into the computer graphics lab, an estimated $15 million, giving the group everything they desired and driving NYIT into serious financial troubles.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company started?

Question: who started this company?

Answer: Alexander Schure

Explanation: founder, Alexander Schure

Pixar [SEP] Early history


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company started?

Context: who started this company?

Context: Alexander Schure

Question: did it collaborate with any other companies?

Answer: Yes, with Walt Disney

Pixar [SEP] Collaboration with Disney

Pixar and Disney had disagreements over the production of "Toy Story 2". Originally intended as a straight-to-video release (and thus not part of Pixar's three-picture deal), the film was eventually upgraded to a theatrical release during production. Pixar demanded that the film then be counted toward the three-picture agreement, but Disney refused. Though profitable for both, Pixar later complained that the arrangement was not equitable. Pixar was responsible for creation and production, while Disney handled marketing and distribution. Profits and production costs were split 50-50, but Disney exclusively owned all story, character and sequel rights and also collected a 10- to 15-percent distribution fee.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company started?

Context: who started this company?

Context: Alexander Schure

Context: did it collaborate with any other companies?

Context: Yes, with Walt Disney

Question: on what project?

Answer: Toy Story 2

Pixar [SEP] Collaboration with Disney


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company started?

Context: who started this company?

Context: Alexander Schure

Context: Yes, with Walt Disney

Context: on what project?

Context: Toy Story 2

Question: what projects are they currently working on?

Answer: "Luca", will be released on June 18, 2021

Pixar [SEP] Upcoming projects

"Soul", directed by Pete Docter, will be released on December 25, 2020. A statement from the studio said "The film takes you on a journey from the streets of New York City to the cosmic realms to discover the answers to life's most important questions." Four further films, with details yet to be revealed, have been announced. The first, titled "Luca", and directed by Enrico Casarosa, will be released on June 18, 2021, followed by scheduled releases on March 11, June 17, 2022 and June 16, 2023.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company started?

Context: who started this company?

Context: Alexander Schure

Context: Yes, with Walt Disney

Context: on what project?

Context: Toy Story 2

Context: what projects are they currently working on?

Context: "Luca", will be released on June 18, 2021

Question: what are the features of their property?

Answer: The first building of several, a high-tech structure designed by Bohlin Cywinski Jackson, has special foundations and generators to ensure continued film production, even through major earthquakes.

Pixar [SEP] Campus

When Steve Jobs, chief executive officer of Apple Inc. and Pixar, and John Lasseter, then-executive vice president of Pixar, decided to move their studios from a leased space in Point Richmond, California, to larger quarters of their own, they chose a 20-acre site in Emeryville, California, formerly occupied by Del Monte Foods, Inc. The first building of several, a high-tech structure designed by Bohlin Cywinski Jackson, has special foundations and generators to ensure continued film production, even through major earthquakes. The character of the building is intended to abstractly recall Emeryville's industrial past. The two-story steel-and-masonry building is a collaborative space with many pathways.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company started?

Context: who started this company?

Context: Alexander Schure

Context: Yes, with Walt Disney

Context: on what project?

Context: Toy Story 2

Context: what are the features of their property?

Context: The first building of several, a high-tech structure designed by Bohlin Cywinski Jackson, has special foundations and generators to ensure continued film production, even through major earthquakes.

Question: who is the ceo?

Answer: Steve Jobs

Explanation: When Steve Jobs, chief executive officer of Apple Inc

Pixar [SEP] Campus


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company started?

Context: who started this company?

Context: Alexander Schure

Context: Yes, with Walt Disney

Context: on what project?

Context: Toy Story 2

Context: who is the ceo?

Context: Steve Jobs

Question: what company did he start?

Answer: Apple Inc.

Steve Jobs [SEP] Introduction

Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American business magnate, industrial designer, investor, and media proprietor. He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc., the chairman and majority shareholder of Pixar, a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar, and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT. Jobs is widely recognized as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s, along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak. Jobs was born in San Francisco, California, and put up for adoption.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company started?

Context: who started this company?

Context: Alexander Schure

Context: Yes, with Walt Disney

Context: on what project?

Context: Toy Story 2

Context: who is the ceo?

Context: Steve Jobs

Context: what company did he start?

Context: Apple Inc.

Question: who were his parents?

Answer: He was to Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Schieble, and was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs (née Hagopian)

Steve Jobs [SEP] Biological and adoptive families

Steven Paul Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, to Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Schieble, and was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs (née Hagopian). His biological father, Abdulfattah "John" (al-)Jandali (Arabic: عبد الفتاح الجندلي) (b. 1931), grew up in Homs, Syria, and was born into an Arab Muslim household. While an undergraduate at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon, he was a student activist and spent time in prison for his political activities. He pursued a PhD at the University of Wisconsin, where he met Joanne Carole Schieble, a Catholic of Swiss and German descent. As a doctoral candidate, Jandali was a teaching assistant for a course Schieble was taking, although both were the same age.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company started?

Context: who started this company?

Context: Alexander Schure

Context: Yes, with Walt Disney

Context: on what project?

Context: Toy Story 2

Context: who is the ceo?

Context: Steve Jobs

Context: what company did he start?

Context: Apple Inc.

Context: who were his parents?

Context: He was to Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Schieble, and was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs (née Hagopian)

Question: when did he die?

Answer: October 5, 2011

Explanation: Jobs died at his Palo Alto, California home around 3 p.m. (PDT) on October 5, 2011

Steve Jobs [SEP] Death

Bob Iger ordered all Disney properties, including Walt Disney World and Disneyland, to fly their flags at half-staff from October 6 to 12, 2011. For two weeks following his death, Apple displayed on its corporate Web site a simple page that showed Jobs's name and lifespan next to his grayscale portrait. On October 19, 2011, Apple employees held a private memorial service for Jobs on the Apple campus in Cupertino. Jobs's widow, Laurene, was in attendance, as well as Cook, Bill Campbell, Norah Jones, Al Gore, and Coldplay. Some of Apple's retail stores closed briefly so employees could attend the memorial.


Context: No

Context: what show is this character from?

Context: who is the voice behind the character?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: who created her?

Context: Brad Bird

Context: when was this film launched?

Context: The film opened on November 5, 2004

Context: what is it about?

Context: who is the main character of the movie?

Context: what media was it first launched on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company started?

Context: who started this company?

Context: Alexander Schure

Context: Yes, with Walt Disney

Context: on what project?

Context: Toy Story 2

Context: who is the ceo?

Context: Steve Jobs

Context: what company did he start?

Context: Apple Inc.

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when did he die?

Context: October 5, 2011

Question: who did he marry?

Answer: Laurene Powell

Steve Jobs [SEP] Marriage

In 1989, Jobs first met his future wife, Laurene Powell, when he gave a lecture at the Stanford Graduate School of Business, where she was a student. Soon after the event, he stated that Laurene "was right there in the front row in the lecture hall, and I couldn't take my eyes off of her ... kept losing my train of thought, and started feeling a little giddy." After the lecture, Jobs met up with her in the parking lot and invited her out to dinner. From that point forward, they were together, with a few minor exceptions, for the rest of his life.


Question: the cast of the movie the blues brothers

Answer: James Brown, Cab Calloway, Ray Charles and Aretha Franklin.

The Blues Brothers (film) [SEP] Casting

At Aykroyd's demand, soul and R&B stars James Brown, Cab Calloway, Ray Charles and Aretha Franklin were cast in speaking parts to support musical numbers built around them. This caused friction between Landis and Universal later in the production, as its costs far exceeded the original budget. Since none of them except Charles had had any hits in recent years, the studio wanted the director to replace them with – or add performances by – younger acts, such as Rose Royce, whose "Car Wash" had made them disco stars after its use in the 1976 film of that name. Other musicians in the cast include Big Walter Horton, Pinetop Perkins, and John Lee Hooker (who performed "Boom Boom" during the Maxwell Street scene).


Context: the cast of the movie the blues brothers

Context: James Brown, Cab Calloway, Ray Charles and Aretha Franklin.

Question: is this film inspired by any other  film or book?

Answer: Yes, the characters were developed from "The Blues Brothers" recurring musical sketch "Saturday Night Live".

The Blues Brothers (film) [SEP] Introduction

The Blues Brothers is a 1980 American musical comedy film directed by John Landis. It stars John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd as "Joliet" Jake and Elwood Blues, characters developed from "The Blues Brothers" recurring musical sketch on the NBC variety series "Saturday Night Live". The film is set in and around Chicago, Illinois, where it was filmed. The film's screenplay was written by Aykroyd and Landis. It features musical numbers by rhythm and blues (R&B), soul, and blues singers James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, Chaka Khan, and John Lee Hooker. It features non-musical supporting performances by Carrie Fisher, Henry Gibson, Charles Napier and John Candy.


Context: is this film inspired by any other  film or book?

Context: Yes, the characters were developed from "The Blues Brothers" recurring musical sketch "Saturday Night Live".

Question: is that a band?

Answer: No,

Saturday Night Live [SEP] Introduction

Saturday Night Live (also known simply as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!", properly beginning the show.


Context: is that a band?

Context: No,

Question: then what is it?

Answer: It is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show.

Explanation: Saturday Night Live (also known simply as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Eberso

Saturday Night Live [SEP] Introduction


Context: is that a band?

Context: No,

Context: then what is it?

Context: It is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show.

Question: who has hosted it?

Answer: George Carlin, Candice Bergen, Christopher Walken, Buck Henry, and John Goodman.

Explanation: Comedian George Carlin was the first to host "SNL" in the debut October 1975 episode; three episodes later, Candice Bergen became the first female host and subsequently the first to host more than once. Hosts have been drawn from a wide spectrum of backgrounds, from actors, such as Christopher Walken, Buck Henry, and John Goodman, to musicians like Dolly Parton, to political activist Ralph Nader. Guests who have hosted five or more times are sometimes referred to as belo

Saturday Night Live [SEP] Hosts and musical guests

Michaels does not allow musical guests to perform using lip-synching tracks, believing it diminishes the live aspect of the show. Exceptions are made only when the musical act is focused on intense dance routines instead of vocals, where it is difficult to be both heavily physically active and sing simultaneously. A 1975 performance by pop group ABBA was the first and only act to feature lip-synching, until the controversial 2004 performance of Ashlee Simpson. Recently, however (particularly in season 43), there have been more solo acts than groups. Conversely, for the past seven years, the show has ended its seasons with a solo musical act, while for the past two years the show has begun and ended with a solo host and solo musical guest.


Context: is that a band?

Context: No,

Context: then what is it?

Context: who has hosted it?

Context: George Carlin, Candice Bergen, Christopher Walken, Buck Henry, and John Goodman.

Question: did it impact the elections?

Answer: Yes, the presidential elections.

Saturday Night Live [SEP] Electoral effect

"SNL" has also affected American elections—most commonly presidential elections. Voters have reported that political sketches shown on the program influenced them in the voting booth. The so-called "SNL" Effect was observed during the 2008 presidential campaign, according to Mike Dabadie. Two-thirds of voters who responded to a poll said they had seen a broadcast of politically charged content on "SNL", with ten percent saying it had made a difference in their decision. Barack Obama was the beneficiary of the political content, with 59 percent saying they did in fact cast a vote for the Democratic then-nominee. Chevy Chase's bumbling impression of then-president Gerald Ford during the 1976 presidential election was cited as an influence on the election, and a quote commonly attributed to 2008 vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin stating "I can see Russia from my house" was actually spoken by SNL cast member Tina Fey while portraying Palin.


Context: is that a band?

Context: No,

Context: then what is it?

Context: who has hosted it?

Context: did it impact the elections?

Context: Yes, the presidential elections.

Question: how?

Answer: Voters have reported that political sketches shown on the program influenced them in the voting booth.

Explanation: Voters have reported that political sketches shown on the program influenced them in the voting booth.


Context: is that a band?

Context: No,

Context: then what is it?

Context: who has hosted it?

Context: did it impact the elections?

Context: Yes, the presidential elections.

Context: how?

Context: Voters have reported that political sketches shown on the program influenced them in the voting booth.

Question: what honors has it received?

Answer: Sixty-five Primetime Emmy Awards, four Writers Guild of America Awards, and three Peabody Awards.

Saturday Night Live [SEP] Accolades

"Saturday Night Live" has won numerous awards since its debut, including sixty-five Primetime Emmy Awards, four Writers Guild of America Awards, and three Peabody Awards. In 2009, it received a total of thirteen Emmy nominations for a lifetime total of 126, breaking the record for the most award-nominated show in Primetime Emmy Award history, previously set with 124 by hospital drama "ER". As of July 2017, it has received a record total of 231 Primetime Emmy Award nominations. Twenty cast members have received individual Primetime Emmy Award nominations in the show's history. These nominations were mostly in the category of Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program before that award was discontinued; since then, nominations have been in the Supporting Actor and Supporting Actress categories for comedy series.


Context: is that a band?

Context: No,

Context: then what is it?

Context: who has hosted it?

Context: did it impact the elections?

Context: Yes, the presidential elections.

Context: how?

Context: what honors has it received?

Context: Sixty-five Primetime Emmy Awards, four Writers Guild of America Awards, and three Peabody Awards.

Question: when did the last host become a part of this program?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Saturday Night Live [SEP] Accolades


Context: is that a band?

Context: No,

Context: then what is it?

Context: who has hosted it?

Context: did it impact the elections?

Context: Yes, the presidential elections.

Context: how?

Context: what honors has it received?

Context: when did the last host become a part of this program?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when did he start his career?

Answer: Early 1980s.

John Goodman [SEP] Career

After an injury ended his college football career, Goodman decided to become a professional actor and left Missouri for New York City in 1975. With a small bankroll from his brother, Goodman found an apartment in Hell's Kitchen near the Theater District and unsuccessfully tried to make money as a bartender and waiter. However, he eventually found modest success in voice-overs, commercials, and plays. He was the person who slapped himself (uttering the tagline, "Thanks... I needed that!") in an iconic television ad for Skin Bracer by Mennen. Goodman also performed off-Broadway and in dinner theaters before landing character roles in film during the early 1980s.


Question: what is just a girl?

Answer: A song by American band No Doubt

Just a Girl [SEP] Introduction

"Just a Girl" is a song by American band No Doubt for their third studio album, "Tragic Kingdom" (1995). Released as the record's lead single in the United States on September 21, 1995, it was written by Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont, and produced by Matthew Wilder. It has also made an appearance on their 2003 greatest hits album, "The Singles 1992–2003". Lyrically, "Just a Girl" is a new wave song written about Stefani's perspective of life as a woman and her struggles with having strict parents. "Just a Girl" was the first song Stefani wrote without the assistance of her brother Eric.


Context:
what is just a girl?
A song by American band No Doubt

Question: who created it?

Answer: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Explanation: Released as the record's lead single in the United States on September 21, 1995, it was written by Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont, and produced by Matthew Wilder.

Just a Girl [SEP] Introduction


Context:
what is just a girl?
A song by American band No Doubt
who created it?
Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Question: who was the vocalist of the song?

Answer: Gwen Stefani

Just a Girl [SEP] Introduction

"Just a Girl" received positive reviews from music critics, who commended the feminist lyrics and Stefani's vocals. The single is typically regarded as being the breakthrough that popularized No Doubt. "Just a Girl" became No Doubt's first charting single in the United States, peaking at number 23 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and entering the Alternative Songs, Hot Rock Songs, and Mainstream Top 40 component charts. It also reached the top ten in several other countries, including Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland, and the United Kingdom. An accompanying music video was directed by Mark Kohr and features Stefani singing in a clean and organized restroom while the male members play their instruments in a dirty and unkept one.


Context:
what is just a girl?
A song by American band No Doubt
who created it?
Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont
who was the vocalist of the song?
Gwen Stefani

Question: has it been performed live anywhere?

Answer: Yes - Virgin Megastore in Los Angeles, on the American TV show "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" , Late Show with David Letterman"

Explanation: In 1995, No Doubt played the first-ever Warped Tour and performed "Just a Girl" to begin the promotion of "Tragic Kingdom". They opened a concert at the Virgin Megastore in Los Angeles with the song in October 1995. Immediately before this performance of "Just a Girl", Stefani promised her mother that she would not curse while singing; however, Stefani did and as a consequence, her mother refused to speak to her for a week. In January 1996, No Doubt performed "Just a Girl" on the American TV show "Late Night with Conan O'Brien", marking their first appearance on late night television. Later that year on March 28, they sang "Just a Girl" on "Late Show with David Letterman". After the performance, the band was delighted to learn that David Letterman had been seen "tapping his foot" against the ground as they performed.

Just a Girl [SEP] Live performances

Stefani questions: "What about all the sweet, cute, little girls? Sweet, little, tiny, sweet girls. You want to sing?" before screaming "Fuck you, I'm a girl!" The performance of the song at the July 1, 1997 show in Anaheim, at The Arrowhead Pond, was recorded and released in No Doubt's first live album, "Live in the Tragic Kingdom" (1997). For the 2002 Rock Steady Tour, "Just a Girl" was performed during the concert's middle segment, following singing "Simple Kind of Life" and preceding "Hey Baby". Stefani engaged the audience with questions like "Wanna know something?" and then answered in the form of a song lyric: "I'm just a girl because that's all that you'll let me be!" "The New York Times"s Kelefa Sanneh found this as Stefani either "addressing her fans [and] joking about the demands of stardom" or "addressing a lover [and] lodging a bitter complaint about a relationship gone awry".


Context: what is just a girl?

Context: A song by American band No Doubt

Context: who created it?

Context: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Context: who was the vocalist of the song?

Context: Gwen Stefani

Context: has it been performed live anywhere?

Context: Yes - Virgin Megastore in Los Angeles, on the American TV show "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" , Late Show with David Letterman"

Question: what kind of show is the last one?

Answer: An American late-night talk show hosted by David Letterman

Late Show with David Letterman [SEP] Introduction

The Late Show with David Letterman is an American late-night talk show hosted by David Letterman on CBS, the first iteration of the "Late Show" franchise. The show debuted on August 30, 1993, and was produced by Letterman's production company, Worldwide Pants, and CBS Television Studios. The show's music director and leader of the house band, the CBS Orchestra, was Paul Shaffer. The head writer was Matt Roberts and the announcer was originally Bill Wendell, then Alan Kalter. Of the major U.S. late-night programs, "Late Show" ranked second in cumulative average viewers over time and third in number of episodes over time.


Context: what is just a girl?

Context: A song by American band No Doubt

Context: who created it?

Context: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Context: who was the vocalist of the song?

Context: Gwen Stefani

Context: has it been performed live anywhere?

Context: what kind of show is the last one?

Context: An American late-night talk show hosted by David Letterman

Question: what are some of the notable episodes?

Answer: Appearances by Regis Philbin, Marv Albert, Jack Hanna

Late Show with David Letterman [SEP] Notable episodes

The guests with the most appearances were Regis Philbin (150 appearances), Marv Albert (126 appearances, 73 from "Late Night"), and Jack Hanna (102). Among the show's highlights:


Context: what is just a girl?

Context: A song by American band No Doubt

Context: who created it?

Context: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Context: who was the vocalist of the song?

Context: Gwen Stefani

Context: has it been performed live anywhere?

Context: what kind of show is the last one?

Context: what are some of the notable episodes?

Context: Appearances by Regis Philbin, Marv Albert, Jack Hanna

Question: how is the episode structured?

Answer: It opens with a series of shots of New York City as the CBS Orchestra performed the "Late Show" theme, the night's guests are announced, as well as Paul Shaffer and the CBS Orchestra, then introduced Letterman.

Late Show with David Letterman [SEP] Episode structure

The show's opening credits featured a series of shots of New York City as the CBS Orchestra performed the "Late Show" theme (a livelier variation of the more jazzy "Late Night" theme). The announcer presented the names of that night's guests, as well as Paul Shaffer and the CBS Orchestra, then introduced Letterman. On rare episodes, the show began with a cold open as Letterman, dressed casually, briefly interacted with a celebrity or performed a short sketch backstage before the traditional opening sequence began. In the last few years, Alan Kalter included himself in the introduction. In addition, Letterman took to dashing across the stage either just before, while, or just after Kalter introduced him.


Context: what is just a girl?

Context: A song by American band No Doubt

Context: who created it?

Context: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Context: who was the vocalist of the song?

Context: Gwen Stefani

Context: has it been performed live anywhere?

Context: what kind of show is the last one?

Context: what are some of the notable episodes?

Context: how is the episode structured?

Context: It opens with a series of shots of New York City as the CBS Orchestra performed the "Late Show" theme, the night's guests are announced, as well as Paul Shaffer and the CBS Orchestra, then introduced Letterman.

Question: has the host been  threatened by any terrorist group?

Answer: Yes - by Al-Qaeda

Explanation: On August 17, 2011, it was reported that an Islamist militant had posted a death threat against Letterman on a website frequented by Al-Qaeda supporters, calling on American Muslims to kill Letterman for making a joke about the death of Ilyas Kashmiri, an Al-Qaeda leader who was killed in a drone strike in Pakistan in June 2011. In his show on August 22, Letterman joked about the threat, saying "State Department authorities are looking into this. They're not taking this lightly. They're looking into it. They're questioning, they're interrogating, there's an electronic trail—but everybody knows it's Leno."

David Letterman [SEP] Al-Qaeda death threat


Context: what is just a girl?

Context: A song by American band No Doubt

Context: who created it?

Context: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Context: who was the vocalist of the song?

Context: Gwen Stefani

Context: has it been performed live anywhere?

Context: what kind of show is the last one?

Context: what are some of the notable episodes?

Context: how is the episode structured?

Context: has the host been  threatened by any terrorist group?

Context: Yes - by Al-Qaeda

Question: why was he targetted?

Answer: He joked about the death of Ilyas Kashmiri, an Al-Qaeda leader who was killed in a drone strike in Pakistan in June 2011.

Explanation: On August 17, 2011, it was reported that an Islamist militant had posted a death threat against Letterman on a website frequented by Al-Qaeda supporters, calling on American Muslims to kill Letterman for making a joke about the death of Ilyas Kashmiri, an Al-Qaeda leader who was killed in a drone strike in Pakistan in June 2011.


Context: what is just a girl?

Context: A song by American band No Doubt

Context: who created it?

Context: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Context: who was the vocalist of the song?

Context: Gwen Stefani

Context: has it been performed live anywhere?

Context: what kind of show is the last one?

Context: what are some of the notable episodes?

Context: how is the episode structured?

Context: Yes - by Al-Qaeda

Context: why was he targetted?

Context: He joked about the death of Ilyas Kashmiri, an Al-Qaeda leader who was killed in a drone strike in Pakistan in June 2011.

Question: what were his other shows?

Answer: Late Night with David Letterman

David Letterman [SEP] Introduction

David Michael Letterman (born April 12, 1947) is an American television host, comedian, writer, and producer. He hosted late night television talk shows for 33 years, beginning with the February 1, 1982, debut of "Late Night with David Letterman" on NBC, and ending with the May 20, 2015, broadcast of "Late Show with David Letterman" on CBS. In total, Letterman hosted 6,080 episodes of "Late Night" and "Late Show", surpassing his friend and mentor Johnny Carson as the longest-serving late night talk show host in American television history. In 1996, Letterman was ranked 45th on "TV Guide"s 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.


Context: what is just a girl?

Context: A song by American band No Doubt

Context: who created it?

Context: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Context: who was the vocalist of the song?

Context: Gwen Stefani

Context: has it been performed live anywhere?

Context: what kind of show is the last one?

Context: what are some of the notable episodes?

Context: how is the episode structured?

Context: Yes - by Al-Qaeda

Context: why was he targetted?

Context: what were his other shows?

Context: Late Night with David Letterman

Question: in which channel was it aired?

Answer: NBC

Late Night with David Letterman [SEP] Introduction

Late Night with David Letterman is an American late-night talk show hosted by David Letterman that aired from 1982 to 1993. It premiered on NBC on February 1, 1982 and concluded on June 25, 1993. Letterman began hosting "Late Show with David Letterman" on CBS in August 1993. The series has since been reformatted as "Late Night with Conan O'Brien", "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon" and "Late Night with Seth Meyers". In 2013, this series and "Late Show with David Letterman" were ranked #41 on TV Guide's 60 Best Series of All Time. During its run, the show was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Series 11 times.


Context: what is just a girl?

Context: A song by American band No Doubt

Context: who created it?

Context: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Context: who was the vocalist of the song?

Context: Gwen Stefani

Context: has it been performed live anywhere?

Context: what kind of show is the last one?

Context: what are some of the notable episodes?

Context: how is the episode structured?

Context: Yes - by Al-Qaeda

Context: why was he targetted?

Context: what were his other shows?

Context: Late Night with David Letterman

Context: in which channel was it aired?

Context: NBC

Question: what were his other business ventures?

Answer: His production company is Worldwide Pants Incorporated; He is a co-owner of Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing; He owns The Letterman Foundation for Courtesy and Grooming

Explanation:
Letterman started his production company, Worldwide Pants Incorporated, which produced his show and several others, in 1991. The company also produces feature films and documentaries and founded its own record label, Clear Entertainment. Worldwide Pants received significant attention in December 2007, after it was announced the company had independently negotiated its own contract with the Writers Guild of America, East, thus allowing Letterman, Craig Ferguson, and their writers to return to work, while the union continued its strike against production companies, networks, and studios with whom it had not yet reached agreements.

Letterman, Bobby Rahal, and Mike Lanigan are co-owners of Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing, an auto racing team competing in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship and NTT IndyCar series. The team has twice won the Indianapolis 500: in 2004 with driver Buddy Rice, and in 2020 with Takuma Sato.

The Letterman Foundation for Courtesy and Grooming is a private foun

David Letterman [SEP] Business ventures


Context: what is just a girl?

Context: A song by American band No Doubt

Context: who created it?

Context: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Context: who was the vocalist of the song?

Context: Gwen Stefani

Context: has it been performed live anywhere?

Context: what kind of show is the last one?

Context: what are some of the notable episodes?

Context: how is the episode structured?

Context: Yes - by Al-Qaeda

Context: why was he targetted?

Context: what were his other shows?

Context: Late Night with David Letterman

Context: in which channel was it aired?

Context: NBC

Context: what were his other business ventures?

Context: His production company is Worldwide Pants Incorporated; He is a co-owner of Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing; He owns The Letterman Foundation for Courtesy and Grooming

Question: what service does his last company provide?

Answer: Donation to charities and other non-profit organizations

David Letterman [SEP] Business ventures

The team has twice won the Indianapolis 500: in 2004 with driver Buddy Rice, and in 2020 with Takuma Sato. The Letterman Foundation for Courtesy and Grooming is a private foundation through which Letterman has donated millions of dollars to charities and other non-profit organizations in Indiana and Montana, celebrity-affiliated organizations such as Paul Newman's Hole in the Wall Gang Camp, Ball State University, the American Cancer Society, the Salvation Army, and "Médecins Sans Frontières".


Context: what is just a girl?

Context: A song by American band No Doubt

Context: who created it?

Context: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Context: who was the vocalist of the song?

Context: Gwen Stefani

Context: has it been performed live anywhere?

Context: what kind of show is the last one?

Context: what are some of the notable episodes?

Context: how is the episode structured?

Context: Yes - by Al-Qaeda

Context: why was he targetted?

Context: what were his other shows?

Context: Late Night with David Letterman

Context: in which channel was it aired?

Context: NBC

Context: what were his other business ventures?

Context: what service does his last company provide?

Context: Donation to charities and other non-profit organizations

Question: any recipients who were assisted by the organization?

Answer: Ball State University, the American Cancer Society, the Salvation Army

David Letterman [SEP] Business ventures


Context: what is just a girl?

Context: A song by American band No Doubt

Context: who created it?

Context: Gwen Stefani and Tom Dumont

Context: who was the vocalist of the song?

Context: Gwen Stefani

Context: has it been performed live anywhere?

Context: what kind of show is the last one?

Context: what are some of the notable episodes?

Context: how is the episode structured?

Context: Yes - by Al-Qaeda

Context: why was he targetted?

Context: what were his other shows?

Context: Late Night with David Letterman

Context: in which channel was it aired?

Context: NBC

Context: what were his other business ventures?

Context: any recipients who were assisted by the organization?

Context: Ball State University, the American Cancer Society, the Salvation Army

Question: what type is the third one?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

David Letterman [SEP] Business ventures


Question: who voices mike and sulley in monsters inc

Answer: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Explanation: Bill Murray was considered for the voice role of James P. "Sulley" Sullivan. He screen tested for the role and was interested, but when Pete Docter was unable to make contact with him, he took it as a "no". The voice role of Sulley went to John Goodman, the longtime co-star of the comedy series "Roseanne" and a regular in the films of the Coen brothers. Goodman interpreted the character to himself as the monster equivalent of a National Football League player. "He's like a seasoned lineman in the tenth year of his career," he said at the time. "He is totally dedicated and a total pro." Billy Crystal, having regretted turning down the part of Buzz Lightyear years prior, accepted that of Mike Wazowski, Sulley's one-eyed best friend and scare assistant.

Monsters, Inc. [SEP] Casting


Context: who voices mike and sulley in monsters inc

Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Question: what is this movie about?

Answer: he film centers on two monsters — Sulley Sullivan and his one-eyed partner and Mike Wazowski – employed at the titular energy-producing factory "Monsters, Inc", which generates power by scaring human children.

Explanation: The film centers on two monsters — James P. "Sulley" Sullivan and his one-eyed partner and best friend Mike Wazowski – employed at the titular energy-producing factory "Monsters, Inc", which generates power by scaring human children. However, the monster world believes that the children are toxic, and when one sneaks into the factory, Sulley and Mike must return her home before it’s too late.

Monsters, Inc. [SEP] Introduction

The film won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "If I Didn't Have You" and was nominated for the first Best Animated Feature, but lost to DreamWorks' "Shrek", and was also nominated for Best Original Score and Best Sound Editing. "Monsters, Inc." saw a 3D re-release in theaters on December 19, 2012. A prequel titled "Monsters University", which was directed by Dan Scanlon, was released on June 21, 2013. A web-series titled "Monsters at Work" will release on Disney+ in early 2021.


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: he film centers on two monsters — Sulley Sullivan and his one-eyed partner and Mike Wazowski – employed at the titular energy-producing factory "Monsters, Inc", which generates power by scaring human children.

Question: by whom was this film directed?

Answer: Pete Docter

Monsters, Inc. [SEP] Introduction

Monsters, Inc. is a 2001 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. Featuring the voices of John Goodman, Billy Crystal, Steve Buscemi, James Coburn, and Jennifer Tilly, the film was directed by Pete Docter in his directorial debut, and executive produced by John Lasseter and Andrew Stanton. The film centers on two monsters — James P. "Sulley" Sullivan and his one-eyed partner and best friend Mike Wazowski – employed at the titular energy-producing factory "Monsters, Inc", which generates power by scaring human children. However, the monster world believes that the children are toxic, and when one sneaks into the factory, Sulley and Mike must return her home before it's too late.


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Pete Docter [SEP] Early life

Docter was born in Bloomington, Minnesota, the son of Rita Margaret (Kanne) and David Reinhardt Docter. His mother's family is Danish American. He grew up introverted and socially isolated, preferring to work alone and having to remind himself to connect with others. He often played in the creek beside his house, pretending to be Indiana Jones and acting out scenes. A junior-high classmate later described him as "this kid who was really tall, but who was kind of awkward, maybe getting picked on by the school bullies because his voice change at puberty was very rough". Both his parents worked in education: his mother, Rita, taught music and his father, Dave, was a choral director at Normandale Community College.


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Question: did he win any accolades?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Pete Docter [SEP] Early life


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Context: did he win any accolades?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what other projects has he worked on?

Answer: Up, Inside Out and Soul.

Pete Docter [SEP] Introduction

Peter Hans Docter (born October 9, 1968) is an American animator, film director, screenwriter, producer, voice actor and chief creative officer of Pixar. He is best known for directing the Pixar animated feature films "Monsters, Inc." (2001), "Up" (2009), "Inside Out" (2015) and "Soul" (2020), and as a key figure and collaborator at Pixar. He has been nominated for eight Oscars (two wins thus far for "Up" and "Inside Out" – Best Animated Feature), seven Annie Awards (winning five), a BAFTA Children's Film Award (which he won) and a Hochi Film Award (which he won). He has described himself as a "geeky kid from Minnesota who likes to draw cartoons".


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Context: did he win any accolades?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: Up, Inside Out and Soul.

Question: what were the opinions of the critics regarding the original movie?

Answer: Rotten Tomatoes consensus was, "Clever, funny, and delightful to look at, "Monsters, Inc."

Monsters, Inc. [SEP] Critical response

Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 96% based on 196 reviews, with an average score of 8.03/10. The critical consensus was, "Clever, funny, and delightful to look at, "Monsters, Inc." delivers another resounding example of how Pixar elevated the bar for modern all-ages animation." Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 79 based on 35 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film a rare "A+" grade, becoming the second Pixar film to gain an "A+" grade, after "Toy Story 2". Charles Taylor from "Salon.com" stated, "[i]t's agreeable and often funny, and adults who take their kids to see it might be surprised to find themselves having a pretty good time." Elvis Mitchell from "The New York Times" gave it a positive review, praising the film's use of "creative energy", saying "There hasn't been a film in years to use creative energy as efficiently as "Monsters, Inc."" Although Mike Clark from "USA Today" thought the comedy was sometimes "more frenetic than inspired and viewer emotions are rarely touched to any notable degree", he also viewed the film as "visually inventive as its Pixar predecessors".


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Context: did he win any accolades?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: Up, Inside Out and Soul.

Context: what were the opinions of the critics regarding the original movie?

Context: Rotten Tomatoes consensus was, "Clever, funny, and delightful to look at, "Monsters, Inc."

Question: did it face any legal actions?

Answer: yes, Pixar was sued by children's songwriter Lori Madrid of Wyoming.

Explanation: Pixar was sued by children's songwriter Lori Madrid of Wyoming, stating that the company had stolen her ideas from her 1997 poem "There's a Boy in My Closet".

Monsters, Inc. [SEP] Lawsuits

Her lawyer asked the court to issue a preliminary injunction, that would forbid Pixar and Disney from releasing the film while the suit was pending. In a hearing on November 1, 2001 – the day before the film's scheduled release on 5,800 screens in 3,200 theaters across the country – the judge refused to issue the injunction. On June 26, 2002, he ruled that the film had nothing in common with the poem.


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Context: did he win any accolades?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: Up, Inside Out and Soul.

Context: did it face any legal actions?

Context: yes, Pixar was sued by children's songwriter Lori Madrid of Wyoming.

Question: why?

Answer: She claimed that the company had stolen her ideas from her 1997 poem "There's a Boy in My Closet".

Monsters, Inc. [SEP] Lawsuits


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Context: did he win any accolades?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: Up, Inside Out and Soul.

Context: did it face any legal actions?

Context: why?

Context: She claimed that the company had stolen her ideas from her 1997 poem "There's a Boy in My Closet".

Question: has this movie been portrayed in any other media?

Answer: VHS, DVD and Blu-ray.

Explanation: "Monsters, Inc." was released on VHS and DVD on September 17, 2002. It was then released on Blu-ray on November 10, 2009, and on Blu-ray 3D on February 19, 2013. " Monsters, Inc." was released on 4K Blu-ray on March 3, 2020.

Monsters, Inc. [SEP] Home media


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Context: did he win any accolades?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: Up, Inside Out and Soul.

Context: did it face any legal actions?

Context: why?

Context: has this movie been portrayed in any other media?

Context: VHS, DVD and Blu-ray.

Question: by whom was this produced?

Answer: Pixar Animation Studios.

Explanation: Monsters, Inc. is a 2001 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures.

Monsters, Inc. [SEP] Introduction


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Context: did he win any accolades?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: Up, Inside Out and Soul.

Context: did it face any legal actions?

Context: why?

Context: VHS, DVD and Blu-ray.

Context: by whom was this produced?

Context: Pixar Animation Studios.

Question: where is this studio based?

Answer: Emeryville, California.

Pixar [SEP] Introduction

Pixar Animation Studios, commonly known as Pixar (), is an American computer animation studio based in Emeryville, California, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios owned by The Walt Disney Company. Pixar began in 1979 as part of the Lucasfilm computer division, known as the Graphics Group, before its spin-off as a corporation on February 3, 1986, with funding from Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, who became its majority shareholder. Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $7.4 billion by converting each share of Pixar stock to 2.3 shares of Disney stock, a transaction that resulted in Jobs becoming Disney's largest single shareholder at the time.


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Context: did he win any accolades?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: Up, Inside Out and Soul.

Context: did it face any legal actions?

Context: why?

Context: VHS, DVD and Blu-ray.

Context: by whom was this produced?

Context: Pixar Animation Studios.

Context: where is this studio based?

Context: Emeryville, California.

Question: who owns the studio?

Answer: The Walt Disney Company.

Explanation: Pixar Animation Studios, commonly known as Pixar (), is an American computer animation studio based in Emeryville, California, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios owned by The Walt Disney Company.

Pixar [SEP] Introduction


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Context: did he win any accolades?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: Up, Inside Out and Soul.

Context: did it face any legal actions?

Context: why?

Context: VHS, DVD and Blu-ray.

Context: by whom was this produced?

Context: Pixar Animation Studios.

Context: where is this studio based?

Context: Emeryville, California.

Context: who owns the studio?

Context: The Walt Disney Company.

Question: when was this company founded?

Answer: October 16, 1923

The Walt Disney Company [SEP] Introduction

The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney (), is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was originally founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio; it also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before officially changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986. The company established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks. Since the 1980s, Disney has created and acquired corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands.


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Context: did he win any accolades?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: Up, Inside Out and Soul.

Context: did it face any legal actions?

Context: why?

Context: VHS, DVD and Blu-ray.

Context: by whom was this produced?

Context: Pixar Animation Studios.

Context: where is this studio based?

Context: Emeryville, California.

Context: who owns the studio?

Context: The Walt Disney Company.

Context: when was this company founded?

Context: October 16, 1923

Question: by whom?

Answer: By brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney.


Context: Billy Crystal and John Goodman.

Context: what is this movie about?

Context: by whom was this film directed?

Context: Pete Docter

Context: where was he born?

Context: Bloomington, Minnesota.

Context: did he win any accolades?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: Up, Inside Out and Soul.

Context: did it face any legal actions?

Context: why?

Context: VHS, DVD and Blu-ray.

Context: by whom was this produced?

Context: Pixar Animation Studios.

Context: where is this studio based?

Context: Emeryville, California.

Context: who owns the studio?

Context: The Walt Disney Company.

Context: when was this company founded?

Context: October 16, 1923

Context: by whom?

Context: By brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney.

Question: have they ventured into sports as well?

Answer: Yes, ESPN.

The company is known for its film studio division, The Walt Disney Studios, which includes Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures, and Blue Sky Studios. Disney's other main business units include divisions in television, broadcasting, streaming media, theme park resorts, consumer products, publishing, and international operations. Through these various segments, Disney owns and operates the ABC broadcast network; cable television networks such as Disney Channel, ESPN, Freeform, FX, and National Geographic; publishing, merchandising, music, and theater divisions; direct-to-consumer streaming services such as Disney+, Hulu, ESPN+ and Hotstar; and Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, a group of 14 theme parks, resort hotels, and cruise lines around the world.


Question: when was the last time australia was in a war

Answer: 2003 invasion of Iraq

Military history of Australia [SEP] Iraq, 2003–11

Australian forces later joined British and American forces during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The initial contribution was also a modest one, consisting of just 2,058 personnel—codenamed Operation Falconer. Major force elements included special forces, rotary and fixed wing aviation and naval units. Army units included elements from the SASR and 4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (Commando), a CH-47 Chinook detachment and a number of other specialist units. RAN units included the amphibious ship and the frigates and , while the RAAF deployed 14 F/A-18 Hornets from No. 75 Squadron, a number of AP-3C Orions and C-130 Hercules. The Australian Special Forces Task Force was one of the first coalition units forces to cross the border into Iraq, while for a few days, the closest ground troops to Baghdad were from the SASR.


Context: when was the last time australia was in a war

Context: 2003 invasion of Iraq

Question: what was it's result?

Answer: The Iraqi military was defeated by the coalition military power of the Australian forces

During the invasion the RAAF also flew its first combat missions since the Vietnam War, with No. 75 Squadron flying a total of 350 sorties and dropping 122 laser-guided bombs. The Iraqi military quickly proved no match for coalition military power, and with their defeat the bulk of Australian forces were withdrawn. While Australia did not initially take part in the post-war occupation of Iraq, an Australian Army light armoured battlegroup—designated the Al Muthanna Task Group and including 40 ASLAV light armoured vehicles and infantry—was later deployed to Southern Iraq in April 2005 as part of Operation Catalyst. The role of this force was to protect the Japanese engineer contingent in the region and support the training of New Iraqi Army units.


Context: 2003 invasion of Iraq

Context: what was it's result?

Context: The Iraqi military was defeated by the coalition military power of the Australian forces

Question: how long did the war last?

Answer: November 2013

Explanation: Two officers remained in Iraq attached to the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq as part of Operation Riverbank. This operation concluded in November 2013.

Low-level operations continued, however, with a small Australian force of 80 soldiers remaining in Iraq to protect the Australian Embassy in Baghdad as part of SECDET under Operation Kruger. SECDET was finally withdrawn in August 2011, and was replaced by a private military company which took over responsibility for providing security for Australia's diplomatic presence in Iraq. Although more than 17,000 personnel served during operations in Iraq, Australian casualties were relatively light, with two soldiers accidentally killed, while a third Australian died serving with the British Royal Air Force. A further 27 personnel were wounded. Two officers remained in Iraq attached to the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq as part of Operation Riverbank.


Context: 2003 invasion of Iraq

Context: what was it's result?

Context: how long did the war last?

Context: November 2013

Question: who tried to avoid the war?

Answer: General Tahir Jalil Habbush al-Tikriti

2003 invasion of Iraq [SEP] Attempts to avoid war

In December 2002, a representative of the head of Iraqi Intelligence, the General Tahir Jalil Habbush al-Tikriti, contacted former Central Intelligence Agency Counterterrorism Department head Vincent Cannistraro stating that Saddam "knew there was a campaign to link him to 11 September and prove he had weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)." Cannistraro further added that "the Iraqis were prepared to satisfy these concerns. I reported the conversation to senior levels of the state department and I was told to stand aside and they would handle it." Cannistraro stated that the offers made were all "killed" by the George W. Bush administration because they allowed Saddam to remain in power, an outcome viewed as unacceptable.


Context: 2003 invasion of Iraq

Context: what was it's result?

Context: how long did the war last?

Context: November 2013

Context: who tried to avoid the war?

Context: General Tahir Jalil Habbush al-Tikriti

Question: who was he?

Answer: A representative of the head of Iraqi Intelligence

Explanation: In December 2002, a representative of the head of Iraqi Intelligence, the General Tahir Jalil Habbush al-Tikriti,


Context: 2003 invasion of Iraq

Context: what was it's result?

Context: how long did the war last?

Context: November 2013

Context: who tried to avoid the war?

Context: General Tahir Jalil Habbush al-Tikriti

Context: who was he?

Context: A representative of the head of Iraqi Intelligence

Question: what happened in najaf?

Answer: Another fierce battle with the U.S. with British air support

2003 invasion of Iraq [SEP] Battle of Najaf

Another fierce battle was at Najaf, where U.S. airborne and armored units with British air support fought an intense battle with Iraqi Regulars, Republican Guard units, and paramilitary forces. It started with U.S. AH-64 Apache helicopter gunships setting out on a mission to attack Republican Guard armored units; while flying low the Apaches came under heavy anti-aircraft, small arms, and RPG fire which heavily damaged many helicopters and shot one down, frustrating the attack. They attacked again successfully on 26 March, this time after a pre-mission artillery barrage and with support from F/A-18 Hornet jets, with no gunships lost. The 1st Brigade Combat Team's air defense battery moved in and after heavy fighting with entrenched Iraqi Fedayeen seized a strategic bridge in Najaf, known as "Objective Jenkins".


Context: 2003 invasion of Iraq

Context: what was it's result?

Context: how long did the war last?

Context: November 2013

Context: who tried to avoid the war?

Context: General Tahir Jalil Habbush al-Tikriti

Context: who was he?

Context: what happened in najaf?

Context: Another fierce battle with the U.S. with British air support

Question: which other countries part took in the battle?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: 2003 invasion of Iraq

Context: what was it's result?

Context: how long did the war last?

Context: November 2013

Context: who tried to avoid the war?

Context: General Tahir Jalil Habbush al-Tikriti

Context: who was he?

Context: what happened in najaf?

Context: which other countries part took in the battle?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who were the allies of us in the war?

Answer: British air support


Context: 2003 invasion of Iraq

Context: what was it's result?

Context: how long did the war last?

Context: November 2013

Context: who tried to avoid the war?

Context: General Tahir Jalil Habbush al-Tikriti

Context: who was he?

Context: what happened in najaf?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were the allies of us in the war?

Context: British air support

Question: did the enemy have foreign support?

Answer: No

They then came under fierce counterattacks by Iraqi forces and Fedayeen, who failed to dislodge U.S. forces from their positions. After 36 hours of combat at the bridge at Najaf, the Iraqis were defeated, and the key bridge was secured, isolating Najaf from the north. The 101st Airborne Division on 29 March, supported by a battalion from the 1st Armored Division, attacked Iraqi forces in the southern part of the city, near the Imam Ali Mosque and captured Najaf's airfield. Four Americans were killed by a suicide bomber. On 31 March the 101st made a reconnaissance-in-force into Najaf. On 1 April elements of the 70th Armored Regiment launched a "Thunder Run", an armored thrust through Najaf's city center, and, with air support, defeated the Iraqi forces after several days of heavy fighting and secured the city by 4 April.


Question: how does the redshift show galaxies are moving away from us

Answer: If a source of the light is moving away from an observer, then redshift occurs; if the source moves towards the observer, then blueshift occurs.

Redshift [SEP] Doppler effect

If a source of the light is moving away from an observer, then redshift () occurs; if the source moves towards the observer, then blueshift () occurs. This is true for all electromagnetic waves and is explained by the Doppler effect. Consequently, this type of redshift is called the "Doppler redshift". If the source moves away from the observer with velocity , which is much less than the speed of light (), the redshift is given by where is the speed of light. In the classical Doppler effect, the frequency of the source is not modified, but the recessional motion causes the illusion of a lower frequency.


Context: how does the redshift show galaxies are moving away from us

Context: If a source of the light is moving away from an observer, then redshift occurs; if the source moves towards the observer, then blueshift occurs.

Question: what is meant by this red term?

Answer: In physics, redshift is a phenomenon where electromagnetic radiation (such as light) from an object undergoes an increase in wavelength.

Redshift [SEP] Introduction

In physics, redshift is a phenomenon where electromagnetic radiation (such as light) from an object undergoes an increase in wavelength. Whether or not the radiation is visible, "redshift" means an increase in wavelength, equivalent to a decrease in wave frequency and photon energy, in accordance with, respectively, the wave and quantum theories of light. Neither the emitted nor perceived light is necessarily red; instead, the term refers to the human perception of longer wavelengths as red, which is at the section of the visible spectrum with the longest wavelengths. Examples of redshifting are a gamma ray perceived as an X-ray, or initially visible light perceived as radio waves.


Context: what is meant by this red term?

Context: In physics, redshift is a phenomenon where electromagnetic radiation (such as light) from an object undergoes an increase in wavelength.

Question: the kind of radiation you mentioned here; what is it actually?

Answer: In physics, electromagnetic radiation refers to the waves of the electromagnetic field, propagating through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.

Electromagnetic radiation [SEP] Introduction

In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields. In a vacuum, electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, commonly denoted "c". In homogeneous, isotropic media, the oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation, forming a transverse wave.


Context: what is meant by this red term?

Context: the kind of radiation you mentioned here; what is it actually?

Context: In physics, electromagnetic radiation refers to the waves of the electromagnetic field, propagating through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.

Question: which equation is related to it?

Answer: Maxwell's equations

Explanation: According to Maxwell's equations

Electromagnetic radiation [SEP] Maxwell’s equations

James Clerk Maxwell derived a wave form of the electric and magnetic equations, thus uncovering the wave-like nature of electric and magnetic fields and their symmetry. Because the speed of EM waves predicted by the wave equation coincided with the measured speed of light, Maxwell concluded that light itself is an EM wave. Maxwell's equations were confirmed by Heinrich Hertz through experiments with radio waves. According to Maxwell's equations, a spatially varying electric field is always associated with a magnetic field that changes over time. Likewise, a spatially varying magnetic field is associated with specific changes over time in the electric field.


Context: what is meant by this red term?

Context: which equation is related to it?

Context: Maxwell's equations

Question: who is this person?

Answer: James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics

Explanation: James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics

James Clerk Maxwell [SEP] Introduction

He proposed that light is an undulation in the same medium that is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena. The unification of light and electrical phenomena led his prediction of the existence of radio waves. Maxwell is also regarded as a founder of the modern field of electrical engineering. He helped develop the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases. He is also known for presenting the first durable colour photograph in 1861 and for his foundational work on analysing the rigidity of rod-and-joint frameworks (trusses) like those in many bridges.


Context: what is meant by this red term?

Context: which equation is related to it?

Context: Maxwell's equations

Context: who is this person?

Context: James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics

Question: what is stated in this equation?

Answer: According to Maxwell's equations, a spatially varying electric field is always associated with a magnetic field that changes over time.

Explanation: According to Maxwell's equations, a spatially varying electric field is always associated with a magnetic field that changes over time.


Context: what is meant by this red term?

Context: which equation is related to it?

Context: Maxwell's equations

Context: who is this person?

Context: what is stated in this equation?

Context: According to Maxwell's equations, a spatially varying electric field is always associated with a magnetic field that changes over time.

Question: regarding the former shift we talked about; is there any survey done on it?

Answer: Yes, the CfA Redshift Survey, the DEEP2 Redshift Survey, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Redshift [SEP] Redshift surveys

With advent of automated telescopes and improvements in spectroscopes, a number of collaborations have been made to map the universe in redshift space. By combining redshift with angular position data, a redshift survey maps the 3D distribution of matter within a field of the sky. These observations are used to measure properties of the large-scale structure of the universe. The Great Wall, a vast supercluster of galaxies over 500 million light-years wide, provides a dramatic example of a large-scale structure that redshift surveys can detect. The first redshift survey was the CfA Redshift Survey, started in 1977 with the initial data collection completed in 1982.


Context: what is meant by this red term?

Context: which equation is related to it?

Context: Maxwell's equations

Context: who is this person?

Context: what is stated in this equation?

Context: regarding the former shift we talked about; is there any survey done on it?

Context: Yes, the CfA Redshift Survey, the DEEP2 Redshift Survey, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Question: what is this shift's measurement?

Answer: To determine the redshift, one searches for features in the spectrum such as absorption lines, emission lines, or other variations in light intensity

Redshift [SEP] Measurement, characterization, and interpretation

The spectrum of light that comes from a source (see idealized spectrum illustration top-right) can be measured. To determine the redshift, one searches for features in the spectrum such as absorption lines, emission lines, or other variations in light intensity. If found, these features can be compared with known features in the spectrum of various chemical compounds found in experiments where that compound is located on Earth. A very common atomic element in space is hydrogen. The spectrum of originally featureless light shone through hydrogen will show a signature spectrum specific to hydrogen that has features at regular intervals. If restricted to absorption lines it would look similar to the illustration (top right).


Context: what is meant by this red term?

Context: which equation is related to it?

Context: Maxwell's equations

Context: who is this person?

Context: what is stated in this equation?

Context: what is this shift's measurement?

Context: To determine the redshift, one searches for features in the spectrum such as absorption lines, emission lines, or other variations in light intensity

Question: when was the first mentioned survey done?

Answer: 1977

Explanation: The first survey began in 1977

CfA Redshift Survey [SEP] Introduction

The Center for Astrophysics (CfA) Redshift Survey was the first attempt to map the large-scale structure of the universe. The first survey began in 1977 with the objective of calculating the velocities of the brighter galaxies in the nearby universe by measuring their redshifts at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The redshift is the relative increase in the wavelength emitted by a light source, in this case a galaxy, moving away from an observer from which its speed and then, using Hubble's Law, its distance can be calculated. A 3-dimensional map of that part of the Universe could thus be produced.


Context: what is meant by this red term?

Context: which equation is related to it?

Context: Maxwell's equations

Context: who is this person?

Context: what is stated in this equation?

Context: what is this shift's measurement?

Context: when was the first mentioned survey done?

Question: what was it about?

Answer: An attempt to map the large-scale structure of the universe

Explanation: The Center for Astrophysics (CfA) Redshift Survey was the first attempt to map the large-scale structure of the universe.

CfA Redshift Survey [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is meant by this red term?

Context: which equation is related to it?

Context: Maxwell's equations

Context: who is this person?

Context: what is stated in this equation?

Context: what is this shift's measurement?

Context: what was it about?

Context: An attempt to map the large-scale structure of the universe

Question: the above person who formulated the equation; what are his other notable works?

Answer: Maxwell is also regarded as a founder of the modern field of electrical engineering; formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation; helped develop the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution

Explanation:
ames Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics. His most notable achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism have been called the "second great unification in physics" where the first one had been realised by Isaac Newton.

With the publication of "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" in 1865, Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic fields travel through space as waves moving at the speed of light. He proposed that light is an undulation in the same medium that is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena. The unification of light and electrical phenomena led his prediction of the existence of radio waves. Maxwell is also regarded as a founder of the modern field of electrical engineering.

He helped

James Clerk Maxwell [SEP] Introduction

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics. His most notable achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism have been called the "second great unification in physics" where the first one had been realised by Isaac Newton. With the publication of "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" in 1865, Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic fields travel through space as waves moving at the speed of light.


Context: what is meant by this red term?

Context: which equation is related to it?

Context: Maxwell's equations

Context: who is this person?

Context: what is stated in this equation?

Context: what is this shift's measurement?

Context: what was it about?

Context: the above person who formulated the equation; what are his other notable works?

Context: Maxwell is also regarded as a founder of the modern field of electrical engineering; formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation; helped develop the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution

Question: what is meant by this last distribution?

Answer: In physics (in particular in statistical mechanics), the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution is a particular probability distribution

Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution [SEP] Introduction

In physics (in particular in statistical mechanics), the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution is a particular probability distribution named after James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann. It was first defined and used for describing particle speeds in idealized gases, where the particles move freely inside a stationary container without interacting with one another, except for very brief collisions in which they exchange energy and momentum with each other or with their thermal environment. The term "particle" in this context refers to gaseous particles only (atoms or molecules), and the system of particles is assumed to have reached thermodynamic equilibrium. The energies of such particles follow what is known as Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics, and the statistical distribution of speeds is derived by equating particle energies with kinetic energy.


Context: what is meant by this red term?

Context: which equation is related to it?

Context: Maxwell's equations

Context: who is this person?

Context: what is stated in this equation?

Context: what is this shift's measurement?

Context: what was it about?

Context: what is meant by this last distribution?

Context: In physics (in particular in statistical mechanics), the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution is a particular probability distribution

Question: and what is this last kind of distribution refers to?

Answer: In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is the mathematical function that gives the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes for an experiment

Probability distribution [SEP] Introduction

In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is the mathematical function that gives the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes for an experiment. It is a mathematical description of a random phenomenon in terms of its sample space and the probabilities of events (subsets of the sample space). For instance, if is used to denote the outcome of a coin toss ("the experiment"), then the probability distribution of would take the value 0.5 for , and 0.5 for (assuming that the coin is fair). Examples of random phenomena include the weather condition in a future date, the height of a person, the fraction of male students in a school, the results of a survey, etc.


Question: who gets the job in new york in the office

Answer: Michael

The Job (The Office) [SEP] Introduction

"The Job" is the third-season finale of the American version of "The Office", and the show's 52nd and 53rd episodes overall. In this episode, Michael prepares for his interview for the corporate job and names Dwight as his successor, whose managing methods are unpopular. Jan arrives at the office to see Michael and everyone is shocked when it appears she has undergone breast augmentation. Jim and Karen also interview for the corporate position, and Pam deals with the consequences of her earlier outburst. The episode was written by Paul Lieberstein and Michael Schur, and was directed by Ken Kwapis. It was cut down from an hour and twelve minutes to forty-two minutes, making it the season's second hour-long episode after "A Benihana Christmas".


Context: who gets the job in new york in the office

Context: Michael

Question: who has directed this series?

Answer: Ken Kwapis

Explanation: The episode was written by Paul Lieberstein and Michael Schur, and was directed by Ken Kwapis.

The Job (The Office) [SEP] Introduction


Context: Michael

Context: who has directed this series?

Context: Ken Kwapis

Question: how many seasons have been released?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Job (The Office) [SEP] Introduction


Context: Michael

Context: who has directed this series?

Context: Ken Kwapis

Context: how many seasons have been released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: any other films/series directed by the above mentioned director?

Answer: "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants", "He's Just Not That into You"

Ken Kwapis [SEP] Introduction

Kenneth William Kwapis (born August 17, 1957) is an American film and television director, screenwriter, and author. He specialized in the single-camera sitcom in the 1990s and 2000s and has directed feature films such as "" (1985), "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants" (2005), and "He's Just Not That into You" (2009).


Context: Michael

Context: who has directed this series?

Context: Ken Kwapis

Context: how many seasons have been released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any other films/series directed by the above mentioned director?

Context: "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants", "He's Just Not That into You"

Question: when was the latter released?

Answer: February 6, 2009

He's Just Not That into You [SEP] Film

A film based on the book was released by New Line Cinema on February 6, 2009. Produced by Flower Films (Drew Barrymore's production company), filming was completed at the end of 2007. The film was released in theaters February 6, 2009. Ken Kwapis directed the film, which featured an all-star cast including Ben Affleck, Jennifer Aniston, Drew Barrymore, Kevin Connolly, Jennifer Connelly, Bradley Cooper, Ginnifer Goodwin, Scarlett Johansson, and Justin Long. Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics, it was a box office success, grossing over $180 million worldwide.


Context: Michael

Context: who has directed this series?

Context: Ken Kwapis

Context: how many seasons have been released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the latter released?

Context: February 6, 2009

Question: under which banner?

Answer: Flower Films

Explanation: A film based on the book was released by New Line Cinema on February 6, 2009. Produced by Flower Films (Drew Barrymore's production company),

He's Just Not That into You [SEP] Film


Context: Michael

Context: who has directed this series?

Context: Ken Kwapis

Context: how many seasons have been released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the latter released?

Context: February 6, 2009

Context: under which banner?

Context: Flower Films

Question: who is the founder of this company?

Answer: Drew Barrymore and Nancy Juvonen

Explanation: Flower Films is an American production company. It was founded and is owned by producers Drew Barrymore and Nancy Juvonen.

Flower Films [SEP] Introduction


Context: Michael

Context: who has directed this series?

Context: Ken Kwapis

Context: how many seasons have been released?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the latter released?

Context: February 6, 2009

Context: under which banner?

Context: Flower Films

Context: who is the founder of this company?

Context: Drew Barrymore and Nancy Juvonen

Question: who is latter married to?

Answer: Jimmy Fallon

Explanation: Juvonen married comedian Jimmy Fallon

Nancy Juvonen [SEP] Personal life

Juvonen married comedian Jimmy Fallon, host of "The Tonight Show", on December 22, 2007. They met on the set of "Saturday Night Live". In August 2007 Fallon proposed on the dock at sunset with a Neil Lane designed engagement ring at Nancy's family home in Wolfeboro on Lake Winnipesaukee in New Hampshire. They were married four months later. They have two daughters: Winnie Rose, born in 2013, and Frances Cole, born in 2014. Both were born via gestational surrogacy.