Context: what is dromaeosauroides?

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: Possibly in the year 2000

Context: where it used to live?

Context: Dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Bornholm has an oceanic climate

Context: ducks, geese, cranes.

Context: which legendary thing is related to the place where the cliffs are present?

Context: Jons Kapel was a hermit sent to Bornholm to bring Christianity to the islanders

Question: what are the beliefs of this mentioned religion?

Answer: Jesus is the Christ, whose coming as the Messiah

Christianity [SEP] Introduction

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. Its adherents, known as Christians, believe that Jesus is the Christ, whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible, called the Old Testament in Christianity, and chronicled in the New Testament. It is the world's largest religion, with about 2.4 billion followers as of 2020. Christianity remains culturally diverse in its Western and Eastern branches, as well as in its doctrines concerning justification and the nature of salvation, ecclesiology, ordination, and Christology. Their creeds generally hold in common Jesus as the Son of God—the logos incarnated—who ministered, suffered, and died on a cross, but rose from the dead for the salvation of mankind; as referred to as the gospel, meaning the "good news", in the Bible.


Context: what is dromaeosauroides?

Context: A genus of dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: Possibly in the year 2000

Context: where it used to live?

Context: Robbedale valley, Bornholm island in Denmark

Context: what is the classification of the extinct species you mentioned in your answer?

Context: Dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur

Context: which was the biggest one in the group of this last one you mentioned just now?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how do this third species communicated in general?

Context: Mostly on visual displays and possibly non-vocal acoustic sounds like hissing, jaw grinding or clapping, splashing and wing beating (possible in winged maniraptoran dinosaurs).

Context: did any bird originate from this species?

Context: Yes -Birds share over a hundred distinct anatomical features with theropod dinosaurs.

Context: what is the climate of the last place you mentioned above?

Context: Bornholm has an oceanic climate

Context: which of its regions can be marked as sight scenes?

Context: Hammeren promontory, Almindingen forest, Dueodde beaches, rocky sea cliffs at Jons Kapel

Context: which species can you find in this mentioned forest?

Context: ducks, geese, cranes.

Context: what are the beliefs of this mentioned religion?

Context: Jesus is the Christ, whose coming as the Messiah

Question: do they have any scripture?

Answer: Yes - the Bible

Christianity [SEP] Scriptures

Christianity, like other religions, has adherents whose beliefs and biblical interpretations vary. Christianity regards the biblical canon, the Old Testament and the New Testament, as the inspired word of God. The traditional view of inspiration is that God worked through human authors so that what they produced was what God wished to communicate. The Greek word referring to inspiration in is "theopneustos", which literally means "God-breathed". Some believe that divine inspiration makes our present Bibles inerrant. Others claim inerrancy for the Bible in its original manuscripts, although none of those are extant. Still others maintain that only a particular translation is inerrant, such as the King James Version.


Context: what is dromaeosauroides?

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: Possibly in the year 2000

Context: where it used to live?

Context: Dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Bornholm has an oceanic climate

Context: ducks, geese, cranes.

Context: do they have any scripture?

Context: Yes - the Bible

Question: where did this name originate from?

Answer: From medieval Latin "biblia"

Explanation: Medieval Latin "biblia"

Bible [SEP] Etymology

Medieval Latin "biblia" is short for "biblia sacra" "holy book", while "biblia" in Greek and Late Latin is neuter plural (gen. "bibliorum"). It gradually came to be regarded as a feminine singular noun ("biblia", gen. "bibliae") in medieval Latin, and so the word was loaned as singular into the vernaculars of Western Europe. Latin "biblia sacra" "holy books" translates Greek "tà biblía tà hágia", "the holy books".


Context: what is dromaeosauroides?

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: Possibly in the year 2000

Context: where it used to live?

Context: Dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Bornholm has an oceanic climate

Context: ducks, geese, cranes.

Context: do they have any scripture?

Context: Yes - the Bible

Context: where did this name originate from?

Context: From medieval Latin "biblia"

Question: when was it written?

Answer: Possibly 10th century CE

Bible [SEP] Textual history

The oldest extant copy of a complete Bible is an early 4th-century parchment book preserved in the Vatican Library, and it is known as the Codex Vaticanus. The oldest copy of the Tanakh in Hebrew and Aramaic dates from the 10th century CE. The oldest copy of a complete Latin (Vulgate) Bible is the Codex Amiatinus, dating from the 8th century.


Question: who was john fitzwalter?

Answer: A prominent Essex landowner best known for his criminal activities, particularly around Colchester.

John FitzWalter, 2nd Baron FitzWalter [SEP] Introduction

John FitzWalter, 2nd Baron FitzWalter (Fitzwalter or Fitz Wauter; 131518 October 1361) was a prominent Essex landowner best known for his criminal activities, particularly around Colchester. His family was of a noble and ancient lineage, with connections to the powerful de Clare family, who had arrived in England at the time of the Norman conquest of England. The FitzWalters held estates across Essex, as well as properties in London and Norfolk. John FitzWalter played a prominent role during the early years of King Edward III's wars in France, and at some point FitzWalter was married to Eleanor Percy, the daughter of Henry, Lord Percy.


Context: who was john fitzwalter?

Context: A prominent Essex landowner best known for his criminal activities, particularly around Colchester.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who was john fitzwalter?

Context: where was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: was he a part of any service?

Answer: Yes, Royal service

John FitzWalter, 2nd Baron FitzWalter [SEP] Royal service and war in France

Diplomatic relations between England and France had been tempestuous for some years, and in 1337 crisis broke out when the king of France, Philip VI, confiscated the Duchy of Aquitaine, then a possession of English kings. In response, King Edward invaded France, thus beginning the Hundred Years' War. Harris has described the young men of FitzWalter's class and generation as being "untapped pools of genteel manpower", manpower which the King was determined to exploit. FitzWalter was summoned alongside 43 other Essex knights to muster in Ipswich in December 1338. Armed and ready to fight, FitzWalter joined the retinue of William de Bohun, who had recently been created Earl of Northampton.


Context: who was john fitzwalter?

Context: where was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was he a part of any service?

Context: Yes, Royal service

Question: what was his role there?

Answer: soldier

FitzWalter gained a reputation as a good soldier during Edward III's early campaigns, and he periodically returned to fight in France over the course of his career. In 1346, for example, no longer serving under Northampton, he served with the Prince of Wales, with whom FitzWalter indentured to serve for six months at a wage of 100 marks. In return he brought the Prince 20 men-at-arms (himself, four other knights and 15 esquires) and 12 archers. As part of the Black Prince's vanguard FitzWalter fought at the Siege of Calais in 1346. He was by now an experienced soldier and had been made a knight banneret.


Context: who was john fitzwalter?

Context: where was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was he a part of any service?

Context: Yes, Royal service

Context: what was his role there?

Context: soldier

Question: did he also participate in a war?

Answer: Yes, Hundred Years' War.

Explanation: FitzWalter was summoned alongside 43 other Essex knights to muster in Ipswich in December 1338.


Context: who was john fitzwalter?

Context: where was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was he a part of any service?

Context: Yes, Royal service

Context: what was his role there?

Context: soldier

Context: did he also participate in a war?

Context: Yes, Hundred Years' War.

Question: where did it take place?

Answer: Western Europe

Hundred Years' War [SEP] Introduction

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts in Western Europe from 1337 to 1453, waged between the House of Plantagenet and its cadet House of Lancaster, rulers of the Kingdom of England, and the House of Valois over the right to rule the Kingdom of France. It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages, in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe. The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline, and the development of stronger national identities in both countries.


Context: who was john fitzwalter?

Context: where was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was he a part of any service?

Context: Yes, Royal service

Context: what was his role there?

Context: soldier

Context: did he also participate in a war?

Context: Yes, Hundred Years' War.

Context: where did it take place?

Context: Western Europe

Question: what religion do the people in this place follow?

Answer: Christianity

Western Europe [SEP] Religion

Christianity is the largest religion in Western Europe, according to a 2018 study by the Pew Research Center, 71.0% of the Western European population identified themselves as Christians. The East–West Schism, which has lasted since the 11th century, divided Christianity in Europe, and consequently the world, into Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity. With certain simplifications, Western Europe is thus Catholic or Protestant and uses the Latin alphabet. Eastern Europe is Orthodox and uses the Greek alphabet or Cyrillic script.


Context: who was john fitzwalter?

Context: where was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was he a part of any service?

Context: Yes, Royal service

Context: what was his role there?

Context: soldier

Context: did he also participate in a war?

Context: Yes, Hundred Years' War.

Context: where did it take place?

Context: Western Europe

Context: what religion do the people in this place follow?

Context: Christianity

Question: can you name one major war that took place here?

Answer: Cold War

Western Europe [SEP] Cold War

During the four decades of the Cold War, the definition of East and West was rather simplified by the existence of the Eastern Bloc. Historians and social scientists generally view the Cold War definition of Western and Eastern Europe as outdated or relegating. During the final stages of World War II, the future of Europe was decided between the Allies in the 1945 Yalta Conference, between the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, the U.S. President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the Premier of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin. Post-war Europe would be divided into two major spheres: the Western Bloc, influenced by the United States, and the Eastern Bloc, influenced by the Soviet Union.


Context: who was john fitzwalter?

Context: where was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was he a part of any service?

Context: Yes, Royal service

Context: what was his role there?

Context: soldier

Context: did he also participate in a war?

Context: Yes, Hundred Years' War.

Context: where did it take place?

Context: Western Europe

Context: Christianity

Context: can you name one major war that took place here?

Context: Cold War

Question: how can one describe the climate of this place?

Answer: It varies from subtropical and semi-arid.

Western Europe [SEP] Climate

The climate of Western Europe varies from subtropical and semi-arid in the coasts of Italy, Portugal and Spain to alpine in the Pyrenees and the Alps. The Mediterranean climate of the south is dry and warm. The western and northwestern parts have a mild, generally humid climate, influenced by the North Atlantic Current.


Context: who was john fitzwalter?

Context: where was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was he a part of any service?

Context: Yes, Royal service

Context: what was his role there?

Context: soldier

Context: did he also participate in a war?

Context: Yes, Hundred Years' War.

Context: where did it take place?

Context: Western Europe

Context: Christianity

Context: Cold War

Context: how can one describe the climate of this place?

Context: It varies from subtropical and semi-arid.

Question: can you name a few languages spoken here?

Answer: Celtic  and Basque.

Western Europe [SEP] Languages

Western European languages mostly fall within two Indo-European language families: the Romance languages, descended from the Latin of the Roman Empire; and the Germanic languages, whose ancestor language (Proto-Germanic) came from southern Scandinavia. Romance languages are spoken primarily in the southern and central part of Western Europe, Germanic languages in the northern part (the British Isles and the Low Countries), as well as a large part of Northern and Central Europe. Other Western European languages include the Celtic group (that is, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Welsh, Cornish and Breton) and Basque, the only currently living European language isolate. Multilingualism and the protection of regional and minority languages are recognized political goals in Western Europe today.


Question: when does daenerys come into game of thrones

Answer: She is introduced in the first season.

Daenerys Targaryen [SEP] Season 1

Daenerys Targaryen is introduced as the exiled princess of the Targaryen dynasty. She and her brother Viserys were smuggled to Essos during the end of Robert's Rebellion. For most of her life, Daenerys has been under the care of Viserys, whom she fears, as he is abusive to her whenever she displeases him. Viserys marries Daenerys to the powerful Dothraki warlord Khal Drogo in exchange for his military support to retake the Iron Throne. Daenerys becomes a khaleesi. During the wedding, exiled knight Ser Jorah Mormont pledges his loyalty to Daenerys while her benefactor Illyrio Mopatis gifts her three petrified dragon eggs.


Context: when does daenerys come into game of thrones

Context: She is introduced in the first season.

Question: who is she in the series?

Answer: She is introduced as the exiled princess of the Targaryen dynasty

Explanation: Daenerys Targaryen is introduced as the exiled princess of the Targaryen dynasty.

Daenerys Targaryen [SEP] Season 1


Context: She is introduced in the first season.

Context: who is she in the series?

Context: She is introduced as the exiled princess of the Targaryen dynasty

Question: does she have any different look?

Answer: She grew up in constant fear and later comes to find her inner strength and courage and emerges as a natural leader who is adored by her people.

Daenerys Targaryen [SEP] Appearance and personality

Daenerys grew up in constant fear of being discovered and killed by agents of the Usurper King, Robert Baratheon, and was frequently abused by her older brother Viserys, which led to her developing a fearful, submissive, and furtive nature. However, over the course of the narrative Daenerys comes to find her inner strength and courage and emerges as a natural leader who is adored by her people. She is often described as honorable and compassionate, if somewhat naïve, although she can be harsh and vengeful against those who seek to harm her or her followers. Daenerys was first illustrated by Paul Youll on the cover of the July 1996 issue of "Asimov's Science Fiction", which contained a Daenerys excerpt from "A Game of Thrones" entitled "Blood of the Dragon".


Context: She is introduced in the first season.

Context: who is she in the series?

Context: does she have any different look?

Context: She grew up in constant fear and later comes to find her inner strength and courage and emerges as a natural leader who is adored by her people.

Question: who portrayed her role?

Answer: She  was originally played by Tamzin Merchant in the pilot episode

Daenerys Targaryen [SEP] Casting and development

Martin said that the character was portrayed as older in the television series than her literary counterpart because of child pornography laws. Daenerys was originally played by Tamzin Merchant in the pilot episode. After negative reception at private viewings, HBO ordered the pilot to be reshot and recast. Clarke was recast as Daenerys after an audition in 2010. Weiss and Benioff said, "Emilia was the only person we saw—and we saw hundreds—who could carry the full range that Daenerys required". Clarke said that the role of Daenerys was "not your typical bonnet duty that you have to go through as a young British actress".


Context: She is introduced in the first season.

Context: who is she in the series?

Context: does she have any different look?

Context: who portrayed her role?

Context: She  was originally played by Tamzin Merchant in the pilot episode

Question: any other actress who was casted after her?

Answer: Yes, Emilia Clarke

Daenerys Targaryen [SEP] Introduction

Daenerys Targaryen is a fictional character in George R. R. Martin's "A Song of Ice and Fire" series of novels, as well as the television adaptation, "Game of Thrones", in which she is portrayed by English actress Emilia Clarke. In the novels, she is a prominent point of view character. She is one of the most popular characters in the series, and "The New York Times" cites her as one of the author's finest creations. Introduced in 1996's "A Game of Thrones", Daenerys is one of the last surviving members (along with her older brother, Viserys) of House Targaryen, who, until fourteen years before the events of the first novel, had ruled Westeros from the Iron Throne for nearly three hundred years prior to being ousted.


Context: She is introduced in the first season.

Context: who is she in the series?

Context: does she have any different look?

Context: who portrayed her role?

Context: any other actress who was casted after her?

Context: Yes, Emilia Clarke

Question: has clarke been involved in charity or service?

Answer: Yes

Emilia Clarke [SEP] Activism and Philanthropy

Clarke also supports several charitable organisations. In September 2011, she joined the SMA UK Trust Team as their celebrity ambassador. The SMA Trust raises funds for research into spinal muscular atrophy. In August 2017, she became a patron of Open Door, a non-profit that aims to help young people gain access to drama school auditions. She auctioned a chance to watch an episode of "Game of Thrones" with her at the 2018 Sean Penn Charity Gala, which raised over $120,000 benefiting the J/P HRO & Disaster Relief Organizations. In February 2018, she introduced the award recipients at London's Centrepoint Awards, which celebrates the courage shown by homeless young people.


Context: She is introduced in the first season.

Context: who is she in the series?

Context: does she have any different look?

Context: who portrayed her role?

Context: Yes, Emilia Clarke

Context: has clarke been involved in charity or service?

Context: Yes

Question: can you name a few?

Answer: She joined the SMA UK Trust Team as their celebrity ambassador, she became a patron of Open Door and lend her voice to the Time's Up movement

Explanation: . In September 2011, she joined the SMA UK Trust Team as their celebrity ambassador.


Context: She is introduced in the first season.

Context: who is she in the series?

Context: does she have any different look?

Context: who portrayed her role?

Context: Yes, Emilia Clarke

Context: Yes

Context: can you name a few?

Context: She joined the SMA UK Trust Team as their celebrity ambassador, she became a patron of Open Door and lend her voice to the Time's Up movement

Question: what are her upcoming movies?

Answer: She starred as Nina in the West End production of Anton Chekhov "The Seagull", directed by Jamie Lloyd, which was suspended on 16 March due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Explanation: Clarke starred as Nina in the West End production of Anton Chekhov "The Seagull", directed by Jamie Lloyd, which began previews on 11 March 2020 in the Playhouse Theatre. The production was suspended on 16 March due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The play is Clarke's first West End production.

Emilia Clarke [SEP] Upcoming projects

In January 2017, Clarke was cast as the lead in the upcoming English language adaptation of the 2015 Korean romantic comedy "The Beauty Inside". , the film was yet to begin production. It was announced in May 2019 that Clarke is set to play the English poet Elizabeth Barrett in the film "Let Me Count the Ways", which "The Wife" director Björn Runge is set to direct. Clarke starred as Nina in the West End production of Anton Chekhov "The Seagull", directed by Jamie Lloyd, which began previews on 11 March 2020 in the Playhouse Theatre. The production was suspended on 16 March due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


Context: She is introduced in the first season.

Context: who is she in the series?

Context: does she have any different look?

Context: who portrayed her role?

Context: Yes, Emilia Clarke

Context: Yes

Context: can you name a few?

Context: what are her upcoming movies?

Context: She starred as Nina in the West End production of Anton Chekhov "The Seagull", directed by Jamie Lloyd, which was suspended on 16 March due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Question: which film of the director gave him fame?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Emilia Clarke [SEP] Upcoming projects


Context: She is introduced in the first season.

Context: who is she in the series?

Context: does she have any different look?

Context: who portrayed her role?

Context: Yes, Emilia Clarke

Context: Yes

Context: can you name a few?

Context: what are her upcoming movies?

Context: which film of the director gave him fame?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is the director a writer too?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Emilia Clarke [SEP] Upcoming projects


Question: when was the byzantine empire born what was it originally called

Answer: 5th century AD and was called Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantium

Byzantine Empire [SEP] Introduction

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern Istanbul, formerly Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. "Byzantine Empire" is a term created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire simply as the Roman Empire (, tr.


Context: when was the byzantine empire born what was it originally called

Context: 5th century AD and was called Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantium

Question: and when did it fall?

Answer: 1453

Explanation: It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453.

Byzantine Empire [SEP] Introduction


Context: and when did it fall?

Question: which battle or event marked the fall of this empire?

Answer: A six-year-long civil war followed by attack from Sultan Mehmed's army

Explanation:
A six-year-long civil war devastated the empire, allowing the Serbian ruler Stefan Dušan () to overrun most of the Empire's remaining territory and establish a Serbian Empire. In 1354, an earthquake at Gallipoli devastated the fort, allowing the Ottomans (who were hired as mercenaries during the civil war by John VI Kantakouzenos) to establish themselves in Europe. By the time the Byzantine civil wars had ended, the Ottomans had defeated the Serbians and subjugated them as vassals. Following the Battle of Kosovo, much of the Balkans became dominated by the Ottomans.

The Byzantine emperors appealed to the West for help, but the Pope would only consider sending aid in return for a reunion of the Eastern Orthodox Church with the See of Rome. Church unity was considered, and occasionally accomplished by imperial decree, but the Orthodox citizenry and clergy intensely resented the authority of Rome and the Latin Rite. Some Western troops arrived to bolster the Christian defence of Constant

Byzantine Empire [SEP] Rise of the Ottomans and fall of Constantinople

The situation became worse for Byzantium during the civil wars after Andronikos III died. A six-year-long civil war devastated the empire, allowing the Serbian ruler Stefan Dušan () to overrun most of the Empire's remaining territory and establish a Serbian Empire. In 1354, an earthquake at Gallipoli devastated the fort, allowing the Ottomans (who were hired as mercenaries during the civil war by John VI Kantakouzenos) to establish themselves in Europe. By the time the Byzantine civil wars had ended, the Ottomans had defeated the Serbians and subjugated them as vassals. Following the Battle of Kosovo, much of the Balkans became dominated by the Ottomans.


Context: and when did it fall?

Context: which battle or event marked the fall of this empire?

Context: A six-year-long civil war followed by attack from Sultan Mehmed's army

Question: did he conquer other territories as well?

Answer: Yes. Anatolia and in Southeast Europe as far west as Bosnia

Mehmed the Conqueror [SEP] Introduction

After the conquest Mehmed claimed the title "Caesar" of the Roman Empire ("Qayser-i Rûm"), based on the fact that Constantinople had been the seat and capital of the surviving Eastern Roman Empire since its consecration in 330 AD by Emperor Constantine I. The claim was only recognized by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Nonetheless, Mehmed II viewed the Ottoman state as a continuation of the Roman Empire for the remainder of his life, seeing himself as "continuing" the Empire rather than "replacing" it. This assertion was eventually abandoned by his successors. Mehmed continued his conquests in Anatolia with its reunification and in Southeast Europe as far west as Bosnia.


Context: and when did it fall?

Context: did he conquer other territories as well?

Context: Yes. Anatolia and in Southeast Europe as far west as Bosnia

Question: where is the first area located in present day terms?

Answer: Turkey

Anatolia [SEP] Introduction

Anatolia, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey. The region is bounded by the Turkish Straits to the northwest, the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highlands (part of the Eastern Anatolia Region) to the east, the Southeastern Anatolia Region (which borders Iraq and Syria) to the southeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Southeast Europe.


Context: and when did it fall?

Context: where is the first area located in present day terms?

Context: Turkey

Question: who were the oldest known inhabitants of this region?

Answer: Mesopotamian-based Akkadian Empire

Anatolia [SEP] Hattians and Hurrians

The earliest historical records of Anatolia stem from the southeast of the region and are from the Mesopotamian-based Akkadian Empire during the reign of Sargon of Akkad in the 24th century BC. Scholars generally believe the earliest indigenous populations of Anatolia were the Hattians and Hurrians. The Hattians spoke a language of unclear affiliation, and the Hurrian language belongs to a small family called Hurro-Urartian. These languages are now extinct; relationships with indigenous languages of the Caucasus have been proposed but are not generally accepted. The region was famous for exporting raw materials, and areas of Hattian- and Hurrian-populated southeast Anatolia was colonised by the Akkadians.


Context: and when did it fall?

Context: Turkey

Context: who were the oldest known inhabitants of this region?

Context: Mesopotamian-based Akkadian Empire

Question: what is the present day capital of the country?

Answer: Ankara

Turkey [SEP] Introduction

Turkey ( ), officially the Republic of Turkey ( ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe. East Thrace, the part of Turkey in Europe, is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus and the Dardanelles (collectively called the Turkish Straits). Istanbul, which straddles Europe and Asia, is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital. Turkey is bordered on its northwest by Greece and Bulgaria; north by the Black Sea; northeast by Georgia; east by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran; southeast by Iraq; south by Syria and the Mediterranean Sea; and west by the Aegean Sea.


Context: and when did it fall?

Context: Turkey

Context: Mesopotamian-based Akkadian Empire

Context: what is the present day capital of the country?

Context: Ankara

Question: can you name some of the other major cities here?

Answer: Istanbul

Turkey [SEP] Introduction


Context: and when did it fall?

Context: Turkey

Context: Mesopotamian-based Akkadian Empire

Context: Ankara

Context: can you name some of the other major cities here?

Context: Istanbul

Question: were any of these cities associated with the first empire you were discussing?

Answer: The Ottomans made the city of Ankara the capital first of the Anatolia Eyalet and then the Angora Vilayet

Ankara [SEP] Introduction

The Ottomans made the city the capital first of the Anatolia Eyalet (1393–late 15th century), and then the Angora Vilayet (1867–1922). The historical center of Ankara is a rocky hill rising over the left bank of the Ankara River, a tributary of the Sakarya River. The hill remains crowned by the ruins of the old citadel. Although few of its outworks have survived, there are well-preserved examples of Roman and Ottoman architecture throughout the city, the most remarkable being the 20 Temple of Augustus and Rome that boasts the Monumentum Ancyranum, the inscription recording the "Res Gestae Divi Augusti". On 23 April 1920, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey was established in Ankara, which became the headquarters of the Turkish National Movement during the Turkish War of Independence.


Context: and when did it fall?

Context: Turkey

Context: Mesopotamian-based Akkadian Empire

Context: Ankara

Context: Istanbul

Context: were any of these cities associated with the first empire you were discussing?

Context: The Ottomans made the city of Ankara the capital first of the Anatolia Eyalet and then the Angora Vilayet

Question: what are some of the most famous landmarks in the second city?

Answer: The obelisk, Valens Aqueduct, Column of Constantine, Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus

Explanation:
 The obelisk erected by Theodosius in the Hippodrome of Constantinople is still visible in Sultanahmet Square, and a section of the Valens Aqueduct, constructed in the late 4th century, stands relatively intact at the western edge of the Fatih district. The Column of Constantine, erected in 330 CE to mark the new Roman capital, stands not far from the Hippodrome.

Early Byzantine architecture followed the classical Roman model of domes and arches, but improved upon these elements, as in the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus. The oldest surviving Byzantine church in Istanbul—albeit in ruins—is the Monastery of Stoudios

Istanbul [SEP] Architecture

Among the oldest surviving examples of Ottoman architecture in Istanbul are the Anadoluhisarı and Rumelihisarı fortresses, which assisted the Ottomans during their siege of the city. Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans made an indelible impression on the skyline of Istanbul, building towering mosques and ornate palaces. The largest palace, Topkapı, includes a diverse array of architectural styles, from Baroque inside the Harem, to its Neoclassical style Enderûn Library. The imperial mosques include Fatih Mosque, Bayezid Mosque, Yavuz Selim Mosque, Süleymaniye Mosque, Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the Blue Mosque), and Yeni Mosque, all of which were built at the peak of the Ottoman Empire, in the 16th and 17th centuries.


Context: and when did it fall?

Context: Turkey

Context: Mesopotamian-based Akkadian Empire

Context: Ankara

Context: Istanbul

Context: what are some of the most famous landmarks in the second city?

Context: The obelisk, Valens Aqueduct, Column of Constantine, Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus

Question: who was the first monument you mentioned dedicated to?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Istanbul [SEP] Architecture

Istanbul is primarily known for its Byzantine and Ottoman architecture, but its buildings reflect the various peoples and empires that have previously ruled the city. Examples of Genoese and Roman architecture remain visible in Istanbul alongside their Ottoman counterparts. Nothing of the architecture of the classical Greek period has survived, but Roman architecture has proved to be more durable. The obelisk erected by Theodosius in the Hippodrome of Constantinople is still visible in Sultanahmet Square, and a section of the Valens Aqueduct, constructed in the late 4th century, stands relatively intact at the western edge of the Fatih district. The Column of Constantine, erected in 330 CE to mark the new Roman capital, stands not far from the Hippodrome.


Context: and when did it fall?

Context: Turkey

Context: Mesopotamian-based Akkadian Empire

Context: Ankara

Context: Istanbul

Context: who was the first monument you mentioned dedicated to?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: and who was the third monument name after?

Answer: Roman emperor Constantine the Great

Column of Constantine [SEP] Introduction

The Column of Constantine () is a Roman monumental column built for Roman emperor Constantine the Great to commemorate the dedication of Constantinople on 11 May 330 AD. Built c. 328 AD, it is the oldest Constantinian monument in Istanbul and stood in the centre of the Forum of Constantine. It occupies the second-highest hill of the seven hills of Constantine's "Nova Roma", the erstwhile Byzantium, and was midway along the "Mese odos", the ancient city's main thoroughfare. The column shaft itself is composed of very large porphyry column drums set on a white marble pedestal that is no longer visible.


Context: and when did it fall?

Context: Turkey

Context: Mesopotamian-based Akkadian Empire

Context: Ankara

Context: Istanbul

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and who was the third monument name after?

Context: Roman emperor Constantine the Great

Question: what is it made of?

Answer: Porphyry and white marble

Explanation: The column shaft itself is composed of very large porphyry column drums set on a white marble pedestal


Context: and when did it fall?

Context: Turkey

Context: Mesopotamian-based Akkadian Empire

Context: Ankara

Context: Istanbul

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Roman emperor Constantine the Great

Context: what is it made of?

Context: Porphyry and white marble

Question: how tall is it?

Answer: The column's top is 34.8 m above the present-day ground level but the original height of the monument as a whole would have been nearly 50 m tall

The column once supported a bronze statue of the emperor holding a spear and wearing a seven-point radiate crown, probably nude, and possibly holding an orb. Its appearance probably referred to the Colossus of Rhodes and to the Colossus of Nero in Rome; all resembled the solar deities Helios or Apollo. The statue and column capital fell down after some eight centuries, and were replaced with a cross, since removed, and the inscribed white marble masonry capital visible today. The column's top is 34.8 m above the present-day ground level. Estimates of the original height of the column, without the statue, vary between 37 and 40 m; the monument as a whole would have been nearly 50 m tall.


Question: one of the developments of the agricultural societies was the

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

History of agriculture [SEP] Introduction

The history of agriculture records the domestication of plants and animals and the development and dissemination of techniques for raising them productively. Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa. At least eleven separate regions of the Old and New World were involved as independent centers of origin. Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago. However, domestication did not occur until much later. Starting from around 9500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops – emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas, and flax – were cultivated in the Levant.


Context: one of the developments of the agricultural societies was the

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are the archaeological pieces of evidence to prove that agricultural activities happened in ancient times?

Answer: Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago, starting from around 9500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops which were cultivated in the Levant

Explanation: Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago. However, domestication did not occur until much later. Starting from around 9500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops – emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas, and flax – were cultivated in the Levant.

In the Middle Ages, both in the Islamic world and in Europe, agriculture was transformed with improved techniques and the diffusion of crop plants, including the introduction of sugar, rice, cotton and fruit trees such as the orange to Europe by way of Al-Andalus. After the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492, the Columbian exchange brought New World crops such as maize, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and manioc to Europe, and Old World crops such as wheat, barley, rice, and turnips, and livestock including horses, cattle, sheep, and goats to the Americas.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the archaeological pieces of evidence to prove that agricultural activities happened in ancient times?

Context: Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago, starting from around 9500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops which were cultivated in the Levant

Question: which place in egypt was favorable for farming activities to be carried out?

Answer: Places near Nile River

History of agriculture [SEP] Ancient Egypt

The civilization of Ancient Egypt was indebted to the Nile River and its dependable seasonal flooding. The river's predictability and the fertile soil allowed the Egyptians to build an empire on the basis of great agricultural wealth. Egyptians were among the first peoples to practice agriculture on a large scale, starting in the pre-dynastic period from the end of the Paleolithic into the Neolithic, between around 10,000 BC and 4000 BC. This was made possible with the development of basin irrigation. Their staple food crops were grains such as wheat and barley, alongside industrial crops such as flax and papyrus.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which place in egypt was favorable for farming activities to be carried out?

Context: Places near Nile River

Question: what crops were cultivated in this country in ancient times?

Answer: Wheat and barley, alongside industrial crops such as flax and papyrus

Explanation: . Their staple food crops were grains such as wheat and barley, alongside industrial crops such as flax and papyrus.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: what crops were cultivated in this country in ancient times?

Context: Wheat and barley, alongside industrial crops such as flax and papyrus

Question: what crops were cultivated in the indus valley?

Answer: Barley and wheat

Explanation: Jujube was domesticated in the Indian subcontinent by 9000 BC. Barley and wheat cultivation –

History of agriculture [SEP] Indus Valley

Archeological evidence of an animal-drawn plough dates back to 2500 BC in the Indus Valley Civilization.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: what crops were cultivated in the indus valley?

Context: Barley and wheat

Question: any specific reason why this valley was chosen for growing crops?

Answer: Because of well developed irrigation system by the  Indus Valley Civilization

Jujube was domesticated in the Indian subcontinent by 9000 BC. Barley and wheat cultivation – along with the domestication of cattle, primarily sheep and goats – followed in Mehrgarh culture by 8000–6000 BC. This period also saw the first domestication of the elephant. Pastoral farming in India included threshing, planting crops in rows – either of two or of six – and storing grain in granaries. Cotton was cultivated by the 5th–4th millennium BC. By the 5th millennium BC, agricultural communities became widespread in Kashmir. Irrigation was developed in the Indus Valley Civilization by around 4500 BC. The size and prosperity of the Indus civilization grew as a result of this innovation, leading to more thoroughly planned settlements which used drainage and sewers.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: any specific reason why this valley was chosen for growing crops?

Context: Because of well developed irrigation system by the  Indus Valley Civilization

Question: what crops were grown in the south american continent?

Answer: Potato,  coca, cotton,  peanut, tomato, tobacco, and pineapple

History of agriculture [SEP] South America

In the Andes region of South America, with civilizations including the Inca, the major crop was the potato, domesticated approximately 7,000–10,000 years ago. Coca, still a major crop to this day, was domesticated in the Andes, as were the peanut, tomato, tobacco, and pineapple. Cotton was domesticated in Peru by 3600 BC. Animals were also domesticated, including llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs. Guaitecas Archipelago in Patagonia made up the southern limit of Pre-Hispanic agriculture, as noted by the mention of the cultivation of Chiloé potatoes by a Spanish expedition in 1557. The presence of maize in Guaitecas Archipelago is also mentioned by early Spanish explorers, albeit the Spanish may had missidentified the plant.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: what crops were grown in the south american continent?

Context: Potato,  coca, cotton,  peanut, tomato, tobacco, and pineapple

Question: what are some of the areas in the continent in which these were cultivated?

Answer: Cotton was domesticated in Peru

Explanation: Cotton was domesticated in Peru by 3600 BC.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: what are some of the areas in the continent in which these were cultivated?

Context: Cotton was domesticated in Peru

Question: with reference to the second crop mentioned in that continent, is it illegal in that continent?

Answer: Yes, in South America coca leaf is illegal in both Paraguay and Brazil.

Explanation: The primary organization authorized to purchase coca leaves is ENACO S.A., headquartered in Peru. Outside of South America, most countries' laws make no distinction between the coca leaf and any other substance containing cocaine, so the possession of coca leaf is prohibited. In South America coca leaf is illegal in both Paraguay and Brazil.

Coca [SEP] Legal status


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: Cotton was domesticated in Peru

Context: with reference to the second crop mentioned in that continent, is it illegal in that continent?

Context: Yes, in South America coca leaf is illegal in both Paraguay and Brazil.

Question: what are the industrial uses of this crop?

Answer: Cosmetics and food industries

Coca [SEP] Commercial and industrial uses

In the Andes commercially manufactured coca teas, granola bars, cookies, hard candies, etc. are available in most stores and supermarkets, including upscale suburban supermarkets. Coca is used industrially in the cosmetics and food industries. A decocainized extract of coca leaf is one of the flavoring ingredients in Coca-Cola. Before the criminalization of cocaine, however, the extract was not decocainized, and hence Coca-Cola's original formula did indeed include cocaine. Coca tea is produced industrially from coca leaves in South America by a number of companies, including Enaco S.A. (National Company of the Coca), a government enterprise in Peru. Coca leaves are also found in a brand of herbal liqueur called "Agwa de Bolivia" (grown in Bolivia and de-cocainized in Amsterdam), and a natural flavouring ingredient in Red Bull Cola, that was launched in March 2008.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: Cotton was domesticated in Peru

Context: what are the industrial uses of this crop?

Context: Cosmetics and food industries

Question: how was this crop used for religious activities?

Answer: oca leaves play a crucial part in offerings to the apus , Inti,  or Pachamama, they  are also often read in a form of divination analogous to reading tea leaves in other cultures

Coca [SEP] Religion

Coca has also been a vital part of the religious cosmology of the Andean peoples of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, northern Argentina, and Chile from the pre-Inca period through to the present. Coca leaves play a crucial part in offerings to the apus (mountains), Inti (the sun), or Pachamama (the earth). Coca leaves are also often read in a form of divination analogous to reading tea leaves in other cultures. As one example of the many traditional beliefs about coca, it is believed by the miners of Cerro de Pasco to soften the veins of ore, if masticated (chewed) and thrown upon them (see Cocomama in Inca mythology).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: Cotton was domesticated in Peru

Context: Cosmetics and food industries

Context: how was this crop used for religious activities?

Context: oca leaves play a crucial part in offerings to the apus , Inti,  or Pachamama, they  are also often read in a form of divination analogous to reading tea leaves in other cultures

Question: how was it used medically?

Answer: Traditional medical uses of coca are foremost as a stimulant to overcome fatigue, hunger, and thirst, indigenous use of coca has also been reported as a treatment for malaria, ulcers, asthma, to improve digestion

Explanation: Traditional medical uses of coca are foremost as a stimulant to overcome fatigue, hunger, and thirst. It is considered particularly effective against altitude sickness. It also is used as an anesthetic and analgesic to alleviate the pain of headache, rheumatism, wounds and sores, etc. Before stronger anaesthetics were available, it also was used for broken bones, childbirth, and during trepanning operations on the skull. The high calcium content in coca explains why people used it for bone fractures. Because coca constricts blood vessels, it also serves to oppose bleeding, and coca seeds were used for nosebleeds. Indigenous use of coca has also been reported as a treatment for malaria, ulcers, asthma, to improve digestion, to guard against bowel laxity, as an aphrodisiac, and credited with improving longevity. Modern studies have supported a number of these medical applications.

Coca [SEP] Medicine


Context: one of the developments of the agricultural societies was the

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the archaeological pieces of evidence to prove that agricultural activities happened in ancient times?

Context: Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago, starting from around 9500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops which were cultivated in the Levant

Context: which place in egypt was favorable for farming activities to be carried out?

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: what crops were cultivated in this country in ancient times?

Context: Wheat and barley, alongside industrial crops such as flax and papyrus

Context: what crops were cultivated in the indus valley?

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: any specific reason why this valley was chosen for growing crops?

Context: Because of well developed irrigation system by the  Indus Valley Civilization

Context: what crops were grown in the south american continent?

Context: Potato,  coca, cotton,  peanut, tomato, tobacco, and pineapple

Context: what are some of the areas in the continent in which these were cultivated?

Context: Cotton was domesticated in Peru

Context: with reference to the second crop mentioned in that continent, is it illegal in that continent?

Context: Yes, in South America coca leaf is illegal in both Paraguay and Brazil.

Context: what are the industrial uses of this crop?

Context: Cosmetics and food industries

Context: how was this crop used for religious activities?

Context: oca leaves play a crucial part in offerings to the apus , Inti,  or Pachamama, they  are also often read in a form of divination analogous to reading tea leaves in other cultures

Context: how was it used medically?

Context: Traditional medical uses of coca are foremost as a stimulant to overcome fatigue, hunger, and thirst, indigenous use of coca has also been reported as a treatment for malaria, ulcers, asthma, to improve digestion

Question: what crops were cultivated in china during the ancient times?

Answer: Rice

History of agriculture [SEP] Ancient China

Although the chain pump found use in public works of providing water for urban and palatial pipe systems, it was used largely to lift water from a lower to higher elevation in filling irrigation canals and channels for farmland. By the end of the Han dynasty in the late 2nd century, heavy ploughs had been developed with iron ploughshares and mouldboards. These slowly spread west, revolutionizing farming in Northern Europe by the 10th century. (Thomas Glick, however, argues for a development of the Chinese plough as late as the 9th century, implying its spread east from similar designs known in Italy by the 7th century.) Asian rice was domesticated 8,200–13,500 years ago in China, with a single genetic origin from the wild rice "Oryza rufipogon", in the Pearl River valley region of China.


Context: one of the developments of the agricultural societies was the

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the archaeological pieces of evidence to prove that agricultural activities happened in ancient times?

Context: Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago, starting from around 9500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops which were cultivated in the Levant

Context: which place in egypt was favorable for farming activities to be carried out?

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: what crops were cultivated in this country in ancient times?

Context: Wheat and barley, alongside industrial crops such as flax and papyrus

Context: what crops were cultivated in the indus valley?

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: any specific reason why this valley was chosen for growing crops?

Context: Because of well developed irrigation system by the  Indus Valley Civilization

Context: what crops were grown in the south american continent?

Context: Potato,  coca, cotton,  peanut, tomato, tobacco, and pineapple

Context: what are some of the areas in the continent in which these were cultivated?

Context: Cotton was domesticated in Peru

Context: with reference to the second crop mentioned in that continent, is it illegal in that continent?

Context: Yes, in South America coca leaf is illegal in both Paraguay and Brazil.

Context: what are the industrial uses of this crop?

Context: Cosmetics and food industries

Context: how was this crop used for religious activities?

Context: oca leaves play a crucial part in offerings to the apus , Inti,  or Pachamama, they  are also often read in a form of divination analogous to reading tea leaves in other cultures

Context: how was it used medically?

Context: Traditional medical uses of coca are foremost as a stimulant to overcome fatigue, hunger, and thirst, indigenous use of coca has also been reported as a treatment for malaria, ulcers, asthma, to improve digestion

Context: what crops were cultivated in china during the ancient times?

Context: Rice

Question: is there any revolution that made modern advancements in crop cultivations?

Answer: Yes, The Green Revolution

History of agriculture [SEP] Green Revolution

The Green Revolution was a series of research, development, and technology transfer initiatives, between the 1940s and the late 1970s. It increased agriculture production around the world, especially from the late 1960s. The initiatives, led by Norman Borlaug and credited with saving over a billion people from starvation, involved the development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modernization of management techniques, distribution of hybridized seeds, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides to farmers. Synthetic nitrogen, along with mined rock phosphate, pesticides and mechanization, have greatly increased crop yields in the early 20th century. Increased supply of grains has led to cheaper livestock as well.


Context: one of the developments of the agricultural societies was the

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the archaeological pieces of evidence to prove that agricultural activities happened in ancient times?

Context: Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago, starting from around 9500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops which were cultivated in the Levant

Context: which place in egypt was favorable for farming activities to be carried out?

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: what crops were cultivated in this country in ancient times?

Context: Wheat and barley, alongside industrial crops such as flax and papyrus

Context: what crops were cultivated in the indus valley?

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: any specific reason why this valley was chosen for growing crops?

Context: Because of well developed irrigation system by the  Indus Valley Civilization

Context: what crops were grown in the south american continent?

Context: Potato,  coca, cotton,  peanut, tomato, tobacco, and pineapple

Context: what are some of the areas in the continent in which these were cultivated?

Context: Cotton was domesticated in Peru

Context: with reference to the second crop mentioned in that continent, is it illegal in that continent?

Context: Yes, in South America coca leaf is illegal in both Paraguay and Brazil.

Context: what are the industrial uses of this crop?

Context: Cosmetics and food industries

Context: how was this crop used for religious activities?

Context: oca leaves play a crucial part in offerings to the apus , Inti,  or Pachamama, they  are also often read in a form of divination analogous to reading tea leaves in other cultures

Context: how was it used medically?

Context: Traditional medical uses of coca are foremost as a stimulant to overcome fatigue, hunger, and thirst, indigenous use of coca has also been reported as a treatment for malaria, ulcers, asthma, to improve digestion

Context: what crops were cultivated in china during the ancient times?

Context: Rice

Context: is there any revolution that made modern advancements in crop cultivations?

Context: Yes, The Green Revolution

Question: what are some of the examples of advancements made in this mentioned revolution?

Answer: Development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modernization of management techniques, distribution of hybridized seeds, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides to farmers

Explanation: involved the development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modernization of management techniques, distribution of hybridized seeds, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides to farmers.

The genetic "yield potential" has increased for wheat, but the yield potential for rice has not increased since 1966, and the yield potential for maize has "barely increased in 35 years". It takes only a decade or two for herbicide-resistant weeds to emerge, and insects become resistant to insecticides within about a decade, delayed somewhat by crop rotation.


Context: one of the developments of the agricultural societies was the

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the archaeological pieces of evidence to prove that agricultural activities happened in ancient times?

Context: Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago, starting from around 9500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops which were cultivated in the Levant

Context: which place in egypt was favorable for farming activities to be carried out?

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: what crops were cultivated in this country in ancient times?

Context: Wheat and barley, alongside industrial crops such as flax and papyrus

Context: what crops were cultivated in the indus valley?

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: any specific reason why this valley was chosen for growing crops?

Context: Because of well developed irrigation system by the  Indus Valley Civilization

Context: what crops were grown in the south american continent?

Context: Potato,  coca, cotton,  peanut, tomato, tobacco, and pineapple

Context: what are some of the areas in the continent in which these were cultivated?

Context: Cotton was domesticated in Peru

Context: with reference to the second crop mentioned in that continent, is it illegal in that continent?

Context: Yes, in South America coca leaf is illegal in both Paraguay and Brazil.

Context: what are the industrial uses of this crop?

Context: Cosmetics and food industries

Context: how was this crop used for religious activities?

Context: oca leaves play a crucial part in offerings to the apus , Inti,  or Pachamama, they  are also often read in a form of divination analogous to reading tea leaves in other cultures

Context: how was it used medically?

Context: Traditional medical uses of coca are foremost as a stimulant to overcome fatigue, hunger, and thirst, indigenous use of coca has also been reported as a treatment for malaria, ulcers, asthma, to improve digestion

Context: what crops were cultivated in china during the ancient times?

Context: Rice

Context: is there any revolution that made modern advancements in crop cultivations?

Context: Yes, The Green Revolution

Context: what are some of the examples of advancements made in this mentioned revolution?

Context: Development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modernization of management techniques, distribution of hybridized seeds, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides to farmers

Question: what are the names of the intellects who were responsible for the development of these new methods?

Answer: Norman Borlaug

Explanation: The initiatives, led by Norman Borlaug and credited with saving over a billion people from starvation, involved the development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modernization of management techniques, distribution of hybridized seeds, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides to farmers.


Context: one of the developments of the agricultural societies was the

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the archaeological pieces of evidence to prove that agricultural activities happened in ancient times?

Context: Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago, starting from around 9500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops which were cultivated in the Levant

Context: which place in egypt was favorable for farming activities to be carried out?

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: what crops were cultivated in this country in ancient times?

Context: Wheat and barley, alongside industrial crops such as flax and papyrus

Context: what crops were cultivated in the indus valley?

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: any specific reason why this valley was chosen for growing crops?

Context: Because of well developed irrigation system by the  Indus Valley Civilization

Context: what crops were grown in the south american continent?

Context: Potato,  coca, cotton,  peanut, tomato, tobacco, and pineapple

Context: what are some of the areas in the continent in which these were cultivated?

Context: Cotton was domesticated in Peru

Context: with reference to the second crop mentioned in that continent, is it illegal in that continent?

Context: Yes, in South America coca leaf is illegal in both Paraguay and Brazil.

Context: what are the industrial uses of this crop?

Context: Cosmetics and food industries

Context: how was this crop used for religious activities?

Context: oca leaves play a crucial part in offerings to the apus , Inti,  or Pachamama, they  are also often read in a form of divination analogous to reading tea leaves in other cultures

Context: how was it used medically?

Context: Traditional medical uses of coca are foremost as a stimulant to overcome fatigue, hunger, and thirst, indigenous use of coca has also been reported as a treatment for malaria, ulcers, asthma, to improve digestion

Context: what crops were cultivated in china during the ancient times?

Context: Rice

Context: is there any revolution that made modern advancements in crop cultivations?

Context: Yes, The Green Revolution

Context: what are some of the examples of advancements made in this mentioned revolution?

Context: Development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modernization of management techniques, distribution of hybridized seeds, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides to farmers

Context: what are the names of the intellects who were responsible for the development of these new methods?

Context: Norman Borlaug

Question: what was his profession?

Answer: He was an American agronomist

Norman Borlaug [SEP] Introduction

Norman Ernest Borlaug (; March 25, 1914September 12, 2009) was an American agronomist who led initiatives worldwide that contributed to the extensive increases in agricultural production termed the Green Revolution. Borlaug was awarded multiple honors for his work, including the Nobel Peace Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Borlaug received his B.S. in forestry in 1937 and Ph.D. in plant pathology and genetics from the University of Minnesota in 1942. He took up an agricultural research position with CIMMYT in Mexico, where he developed semi-dwarf, high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties. During the mid-20th century, Borlaug led the introduction of these high-yielding varieties combined with modern agricultural production techniques to Mexico, Pakistan, and India.


Context: one of the developments of the agricultural societies was the

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the archaeological pieces of evidence to prove that agricultural activities happened in ancient times?

Context: Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago, starting from around 9500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops which were cultivated in the Levant

Context: which place in egypt was favorable for farming activities to be carried out?

Context: Places near Nile River

Context: what crops were cultivated in this country in ancient times?

Context: Wheat and barley, alongside industrial crops such as flax and papyrus

Context: what crops were cultivated in the indus valley?

Context: Barley and wheat

Context: any specific reason why this valley was chosen for growing crops?

Context: Because of well developed irrigation system by the  Indus Valley Civilization

Context: what crops were grown in the south american continent?

Context: Potato,  coca, cotton,  peanut, tomato, tobacco, and pineapple

Context: what are some of the areas in the continent in which these were cultivated?

Context: Cotton was domesticated in Peru

Context: with reference to the second crop mentioned in that continent, is it illegal in that continent?

Context: Yes, in South America coca leaf is illegal in both Paraguay and Brazil.

Context: what are the industrial uses of this crop?

Context: Cosmetics and food industries

Context: how was this crop used for religious activities?

Context: oca leaves play a crucial part in offerings to the apus , Inti,  or Pachamama, they  are also often read in a form of divination analogous to reading tea leaves in other cultures

Context: how was it used medically?

Context: Traditional medical uses of coca are foremost as a stimulant to overcome fatigue, hunger, and thirst, indigenous use of coca has also been reported as a treatment for malaria, ulcers, asthma, to improve digestion

Context: what crops were cultivated in china during the ancient times?

Context: Rice

Context: is there any revolution that made modern advancements in crop cultivations?

Context: Yes, The Green Revolution

Context: what are some of the examples of advancements made in this mentioned revolution?

Context: Development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modernization of management techniques, distribution of hybridized seeds, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides to farmers

Context: what are the names of the intellects who were responsible for the development of these new methods?

Context: Norman Borlaug

Context: what was his profession?

Context: He was an American agronomist

Question: what are some of the recognitions he earned?

Answer: Nobel Peace Prize,  he was given an honorary doctorate by the Agricultural University of Norway, he became a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences

Explanation:
In 1968, Borlaug received what he considered an especially satisfying tribute when the people of Ciudad Obregón, where some of his earliest experiments were undertaken, named a street after him. Also in that year, he became a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

In 1970, he was given an honorary doctorate by the Agricultural University of Norway.

In 1970, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize by the Norwegian Nobel Committee "for his contributions to the 'green revolution' that was having such an impact on food production particularly in Asia and in Latin America."

Norman Borlaug [SEP] Honors and awards


Question: we are the world 2010 singers and lyrics

Answer: There were eighty-five musicians involved in this song's recording including Tony Bennett and Ethan Bortnick. And the song's lyrics are a remake of its original version.

We Are the World 25 for Haiti [SEP] Recording

The new version of the song was recorded on February 1, 2010, in a session lasting 14 hours. Eighty-five musicians were reportedly involved in the song's recording, which was held in the same place as the original, at Henson Recording Studio on La Brea Avenue in Los Angeles, California. Also similar to the 1985 process, some of the participating musicians were already in Los Angeles to attend an awards ceremony: the 52nd Grammy Awards. Jones said of the recording session, "It was a big challenge. It takes a serious army and serious emotional architecture. I've never seen such a diverse group of people, and they came for the right reasons." The recording process brought together diverse artists, with the oldest being 83-year-old Tony Bennett and the youngest being 9-year-old Ethan Bortnick.


Context: we are the world 2010 singers and lyrics

Context: There were eighty-five musicians involved in this song's recording including Tony Bennett and Ethan Bortnick. And the song's lyrics are a remake of its original version.

Question: who wrote the original lyrics?

Answer: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

We Are the World 25 for Haiti [SEP] Introduction

"We Are the World 25 for Haiti" is a charity single recorded by the supergroup Artists for Haiti in 2010. It is a remake of the 1985 hit song "We Are the World", which was written by American musicians Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, and was recorded by USA for Africa to benefit famine relief in Africa. Initially, in late 2009, it had been suggested to Richie and Quincy Jones—producer of the original "We Are the World"—that a re-cut version of the song be re-released under the title "Live 25". Following the magnitude 7.0 M earthquake in Haiti, which devastated the area and killed thousands of people, it was agreed that the song would be re-recorded by new artists, in the hope that it would reach a new generation and help benefit the people of Haiti.


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Question: what was the charitable purpose behind the release of the song?

Answer: To Help Haiti that was devastated due to an earthquake.

We Are the World 25 for Haiti [SEP] Background

Randy Phillips, who was a key figure in the song being re-issued, said that "We Are The World" producer Ken Kragen had suggested to re-cut "We Are the World" and title it "Live 25". However, Lionel Richie and Jones were "very lukewarm" about the idea. Phillips commented that, However, because of the devastation caused in Haiti, these plans were postponed. Phillips said that Jones had called Lionel and said, "this is what this song is written for, as a fundraising vehicle for causes, tragedies, catastrophes like this. Why don't we take over the process, call our friends, and actually do this?" Lionel understood the urgency of Haiti, and in January 2010, it was agreed that "We Are the World" would be re-recorded to help benefit Haiti, similar to how the original recording helped famine relief in Africa.


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: what was the charitable purpose behind the release of the song?

Context: To Help Haiti that was devastated due to an earthquake.

Question: where is this place located?

Answer: It is located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands.

Haiti [SEP] Introduction

Haiti (; ; ), officially the Republic of Haiti (; ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic. To its south-west lies the small island of Navassa Island, which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration. Haiti is in size, the third largest country in the Caribbean by area, and has an estimated population of 11.4 million, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean.


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: It is located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands.

Question: when did the aforementioned earthquake take place?

Answer: 12 January,2010.

"We Are the World" was the best selling pop single of all time until it was eclipsed by Elton John's 1997 version of "Candle in the Wind". On January 12, 2010, Haiti was struck by a magnitude 7.0 M earthquake. It was the country's most severe earthquake in over 200 years and caused widespread damage. The epicenter of the quake was just outside the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. It has been estimated that the death toll could reach 200,000. Before the earthquake, Jones and Richie had planned to organize a re-recording of "We Are the World" on January 28, 2010 — the 25th anniversary of the original recording of the song.


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: when did the aforementioned earthquake take place?

Context: 12 January,2010.

Question: of the two lyricists mentioned previously, what popular hit song is the former known for?

Answer: "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller" .

Michael Jackson [SEP] Introduction

The eighth child of the Jackson family, Jackson made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5. Jackson began his solo career in 1971 while at Motown Records, and rose to solo stardom with his fifth studio album "Off the Wall" (1979) during the peak of the . By the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. His music videos, including those for "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller" from his sixth studio album "Thriller" (1982), are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool.


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: 12 January,2010.

Context: of the two lyricists mentioned previously, what popular hit song is the former known for?

Context: "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller" .

Question: when was the first song released?

Answer: It was released as a single on 14 February ,1983.

Explanation: Following the successful "Thriller" singles "The Girl Is Mine" and "Billie Jean", "Beat It" was released on February 14, 1983 as the album's third single. "

Beat It [SEP] Introduction

The song is also notable for its music video, which features Jackson bringing two gangsters together through the power of music and dance, and for Eddie Van Halen's guitar solo. The music video helped establish Jackson as an international pop icon. "Beat It" has been cited as one of the most successful, recognized, awarded and celebrated songs in the history of popular music; both the song and video had a large impact on pop culture.


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: 12 January,2010.

Context: when was the first song released?

Context: It was released as a single on 14 February ,1983.

Question: has any other artiste collaborated with him on the instruments?

Answer: Yes, Eddie Van Halen .

Beat It [SEP] Eddie Van Halen's guitar solo

Eddie Van Halen, lead guitarist of hard rock band Van Halen, was asked to add a guitar solo. When initially contacted by Jones, VanHalen thought he was receiving a prank call. Having established that the call was genuine, VanHalen used a Hartley–Thompson amplifier borrowed from guitarist Allan Holdsworth and recorded his guitar solo free of charge. "I did it as a favor", the musician later said. "I was a complete fool, according to the rest of the band, our manager and everyone else. I was not used. I knew what I was doing—I don't do something unless I want to do it." VanHalen recorded his contribution following Jones and Jackson arriving at the guitarist's house with a "skeleton version" of the song.


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: 12 January,2010.

Context: when was the first song released?

Context: has any other artiste collaborated with him on the instruments?

Context: Yes, Eddie Van Halen .

Question: what instrument did he play in this song?

Answer: Guitar.


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: 12 January,2010.

Context: when was the first song released?

Context: Yes, Eddie Van Halen .

Context: what instrument did he play in this song?

Context: Guitar.

Question: was he part of a band of his own?

Answer: Yes, of the van Halen band.

Explanation: Eddie Van Halen, lead guitarist of hard rock band Van Halen, was asked to add a guitar solo


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: 12 January,2010.

Context: when was the first song released?

Context: Yes, Eddie Van Halen .

Context: Guitar.

Context: was he part of a band of his own?

Context: Yes, of the van Halen band.

Question: what genre of music do they create?

Answer: Hard rock.


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: 12 January,2010.

Context: when was the first song released?

Context: Yes, Eddie Van Halen .

Context: Guitar.

Context: was he part of a band of his own?

Context: Yes, of the van Halen band.

Context: what genre of music do they create?

Context: Hard rock.

Question: some characteristic features of this genre?

Answer: Heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, and drums, sometimes accompanied with keyboards.

Hard rock [SEP] Introduction

Hard rock or heavy rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music typified by a heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, and drums, sometimes accompanied with keyboards. It began in the mid-1960s with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as the Who, Boston, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, Kiss, Queen, AC/DC and Van Halen. During the 1980s, some hard-rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Established bands made a comeback in the mid-1980s and hard rock reached a commercial peak in the 1980s, with glam metal bands such as Bon Jovi and Def Leppard and the rawer sounds of Guns N' Roses which followed up with great success in the later part of that decade.


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: 12 January,2010.

Context: when was the first song released?

Context: Yes, Eddie Van Halen .

Context: Guitar.

Context: was he part of a band of his own?

Context: Yes, of the van Halen band.

Context: what genre of music do they create?

Context: Hard rock.

Context: some characteristic features of this genre?

Context: Heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, and drums, sometimes accompanied with keyboards.

Question: when did it originate?

Answer: Mid-1960s.

Explanation: It began in the mid-1960s with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as the Who, Boston, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, Kiss, Queen, AC/DC and Van Halen.

Hard rock [SEP] Introduction


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: 12 January,2010.

Context: when was the first song released?

Context: Yes, Eddie Van Halen .

Context: Guitar.

Context: was he part of a band of his own?

Context: Yes, of the van Halen band.

Context: what genre of music do they create?

Context: Hard rock.

Context: when did it originate?

Question: which was one of the first hit songs in this genre?

Answer: One of the early forms can be heard in the Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie".

Hard rock [SEP] Origins (1960s)

In the 1960s, American, Dutch and British blues and rock bands began to modify rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming, and louder vocals, from electric blues. Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf, the Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" (1963) which made it a garage rock standard, and the songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including "You Really Got Me" by the Kinks (1964), "My Generation" by the Who (1965), "Shapes of Things" (1966) by the Yardbirds, "Inside Looking Out" (1966) by the Animals, and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1965) by the Rolling Stones.


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: 12 January,2010.

Context: when was the first song released?

Context: Yes, Eddie Van Halen .

Context: Guitar.

Context: was he part of a band of his own?

Context: Yes, of the van Halen band.

Context: what genre of music do they create?

Context: Hard rock.

Context: when did it originate?

Context: which was one of the first hit songs in this genre?

Context: One of the early forms can be heard in the Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie".

Question: who sang the original of this song?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hard rock [SEP] Origins (1960s)


Context: who wrote the original lyrics?

Context: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie.

Context: where is this place located?

Context: 12 January,2010.

Context: when was the first song released?

Context: Yes, Eddie Van Halen .

Context: Guitar.

Context: was he part of a band of his own?

Context: Yes, of the van Halen band.

Context: what genre of music do they create?

Context: Hard rock.

Context: when did it originate?

Context: who sang the original of this song?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: has it been used in any movies?

Answer: Yes, in various movies. The Kingsmen version was also used in television commercials for "Spaced Invaders" (1990) but did not appear in the movie.

Louie Louie [SEP] Use in movies

Various versions of "Louie Louie" have appeared in the films listed below. The Kingsmen version was also used in television commercials for "Spaced Invaders" (1990) but did not appear in the movie.


Question: where did the first man on the moon land

Answer: Tranquility Base

Apollo 11 [SEP] Introduction

Armstrong and Aldrin spent 21 hours, 36 minutes on the lunar surface at a site they named Tranquility Base before lifting off to rejoin "Columbia" in lunar orbit. Apollo 11 was launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16 at 13:32 UTC, and it was the fifth crewed mission of NASA's Apollo program. The Apollo spacecraft had three parts: a command module (CM) with a cabin for the three astronauts, the only part that returned to Earth; a service module (SM), which supported the command module with propulsion, electrical power, oxygen, and water; and a lunar module (LM) that had two stages—a descent stage for landing on the Moon and an ascent stage to place the astronauts back into lunar orbit.


Context: where did the first man on the moon land

Context: Tranquility Base

Question: which mission carried this man to moon?

Answer: Apollo 11

Apollo 11 [SEP] Introduction

Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin formed the American crew that landed the Apollo Lunar Module "Eagle" on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC. Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours and 39 minutes later on July 21 at 02:56 UTC; Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later. They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft, and they collected of lunar material to bring back to Earth. Command module pilot Michael Collins flew the Command Module "Columbia" alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moon's surface.


Context: Tranquility Base

Context: which mission carried this man to moon?

Context: Apollo 11

Question: by whom was it launched?

Answer: NASA

Explanation: Apollo 11 was launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16 at 13:32 UTC, and it was the fifth crewed mission of NASA's Apollo program.

Apollo 11 [SEP] Introduction


Context: Tranquility Base

Context: which mission carried this man to moon?

Context: Apollo 11

Context: by whom was it launched?

Context: NASA

Question: what is its full form?

Answer: "National Aeronautics and Space Administration"

NASA [SEP] Introduction

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA; ) is an independent agency of the U.S. Federal Government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The new agency was to have a distinctly civilian orientation, encouraging peaceful applications in space science. Since its establishment, most US space exploration efforts have been led by NASA, including the Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion spacecraft, the Space Launch System, and Commercial Crew vehicles.


Context: Tranquility Base

Context: which mission carried this man to moon?

Context: Apollo 11

Context: by whom was it launched?

Context: NASA

Context: what is its full form?

Context: "National Aeronautics and Space Administration"

Question: how many people were sent to moon by this mission?

Answer: The core crew includeed Neil Armstrong, Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin.

Apollo 11 [SEP] Prime crew

The initial crew assignment of Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot (CMP) Jim Lovell, and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Buzz Aldrin on the backup crew for Apollo9 was officially announced on November 20, 1967. Lovell and Aldrin had previously flown together as the crew of Gemini 12. Due to design and manufacturing delays in the LM, Apollo8 and Apollo9 swapped prime and backup crews, and Armstrong's crew became the backup for Apollo8. Based on the normal crew rotation scheme, Armstrong was then expected to command Apollo 11. There would be one change. Michael Collins, the CMP on the Apollo8 crew, began experiencing trouble with his legs.


Context: Tranquility Base

Context: which mission carried this man to moon?

Context: Apollo 11

Context: by whom was it launched?

Context: NASA

Context: what is its full form?

Context: how many people were sent to moon by this mission?

Context: The core crew includeed Neil Armstrong, Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin.

Question: where was the launch site?

Answer: "Kennedy Space Center" on Merritt Island, Florida.

Apollo 11 [SEP] Introduction


Context: Tranquility Base

Context: which mission carried this man to moon?

Context: Apollo 11

Context: by whom was it launched?

Context: NASA

Context: what is its full form?

Context: where was the launch site?

Context: "Kennedy Space Center" on Merritt Island, Florida.

Question: how does this island get its name?

Answer: It was part of a land grant given by the "King of Spain" to a nobleman named "Merritt".

Explanation: Merritt Island owes its name to the king of Spain. The entire island was part of a land grant given by the king to a nobleman named Merritt.

Merritt Island, Florida [SEP] Etymology


Context: Tranquility Base

Context: which mission carried this man to moon?

Context: Apollo 11

Context: by whom was it launched?

Context: NASA

Context: what is its full form?

Context: where was the launch site?

Context: how does this island get its name?

Context: It was part of a land grant given by the "King of Spain" to a nobleman named "Merritt".

Question: can you name any waterbody here?

Answer: Indian River Lagoon

Merritt Island, Florida [SEP] Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 62.88%, is water. Merritt Island has always been a peninsula. It connects to the Florida mainland where State Road 3 now intersects US 1 in Volusia County. To the west and south it is separated by the Indian River Lagoon and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. The east side of Merritt Island splits and is divided by Sykes Creek and Newfound Harbor. They, in turn, are separated by the Banana River Lagoon from Cocoa Beach, Florida. To the west, the island is connected by causeways to mainland Brevard County near Titusville and Cocoa on its northern end, and in Melbourne on its southern end.


Question: what is cosmo gordon lang?

Answer: He was a Scottish Anglican prelate who served as Archbishop of York and Archbishop of Canterbury ..

Cosmo Gordon Lang [SEP] Introduction

William Cosmo Gordon Lang, 1st Baron Lang of Lambeth, (31 October 1864 – 5 December 1945) was a Scottish Anglican prelate who served as Archbishop of York (1908–1928) and Archbishop of Canterbury (1928–1942). His rapid elevation to Archbishop of York, within 18 years of his ordination, is unprecedented in modern Church of England history. As Archbishop of Canterbury during the abdication crisis of 1936, he took a strong moral stance, his comments in a subsequent broadcast being widely condemned as uncharitable towards the departed king. The son of a Scots Presbyterian minister, Lang abandoned the prospect of a legal and political career to train for the Anglican priesthood.


Context: what is cosmo gordon lang?

Context: He was a Scottish Anglican prelate who served as Archbishop of York and Archbishop of Canterbury ..

Question: where is his family from?

Answer: His father was from Glassford.

John Marshall Lang [SEP] Life

He was born in the manse at Glassford into an eminent ecclesiastical family on 14 May 1834. His father was the minister Gavin Lang. His mother was Agnes Roberton Marshall. He was the second of eleven children, including Robert Hamilton Lang. He studied Sciences at Glasgow University but did not graduate. He then trained as a minister at Divinity Hall In Glasgow, He was ordained by the Church of Scotland at the Kirk of St Nicholas in Aberdeen. In 1858 he moved to the more rural parish of Fyvie. He later served in Anderston in Glasgow and Morningside Church in Edinburgh.


Context: what is cosmo gordon lang?

Context: where is his family from?

Context: His father was from Glassford.

Question: what is his father's name?

Answer: John Marshall Lang.

Cosmo Gordon Lang [SEP] Childhood and family

Cosmo Gordon Lang was born in 1864 at the manse in Fyvie, Aberdeenshire, the third son of the local Church of Scotland minister, the Reverend John Marshall Lang, and his wife Hannah Agnes Lang. Cosmo was baptised at Fyvie church by a neighbouring minister, the name "William" being added inadvertently to his given names, perhaps because the local laird was called William Cosmo Gordon. The additional name was rarely used subsequently. In January 1865 the family moved to Glasgow on John Lang's appointment as a minister in the Anderston district. Subsequent moves followed: in 1868 to Morningside, Edinburgh and, in 1873, back to Glasgow when John Lang was appointed minister to the historic Barony Church.


Context: what is cosmo gordon lang?

Context: where is his family from?

Context: His father was from Glassford.

Context: what is his father's name?

Context: John Marshall Lang.

Question: who was he?

Answer: He was a Church of Scotland minister and author.

John Marshall Lang [SEP] Introduction

John Marshall Lang CVO (18342 May 1909) was a Church of Scotland minister and author. He served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1893.


Context: what is cosmo gordon lang?

Context: where is his family from?

Context: His father was from Glassford.

Context: what is his father's name?

Context: John Marshall Lang.

Context: who was he?

Context: He was a Church of Scotland minister and author.

Question: what is the location of the place where cosmo's father was from?

Answer: It  is a small village located south of Hamilton, and north-east of Strathaven, in South Lanarkshire, Scotland.

Glassford [SEP] Introduction

Glassford (; locally known as "The Glesart" ) is a small village located south of Hamilton, and north-east of Strathaven, in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It has a population of roughly 500–600 people. Features include the 19th-century Parish Church, and the remains of the 17th-century church, both of which are category B listed buildings. The Avon Water offers fishing and walks. Local businesses include the Glassford Inn and Steayban Restaurant. The local No.13 or No 256 bus service comes through the village once every hour.


Context: what is cosmo gordon lang?

Context: where is his family from?

Context: His father was from Glassford.

Context: what is his father's name?

Context: John Marshall Lang.

Context: who was he?

Context: what is the location of the place where cosmo's father was from?

Context: It  is a small village located south of Hamilton, and north-east of Strathaven, in South Lanarkshire, Scotland.

Question: when did cosmo become a bishop?

Answer: In 1901.

Cosmo Gordon Lang [SEP] Introduction

Beginning in 1890, his early ministry was served in slum parishes in Leeds and Portsmouth, except for brief service as Vicar of the University Church of St Mary the Virgin in Oxford. In 1901 he was appointed suffragan Bishop of Stepney in London, where he continued his work among the poor. He also served as a canon of St Paul's Cathedral, London. In 1908 Lang was nominated as Archbishop of York, despite his relatively junior status as a suffragan rather than a diocesan bishop. His religious stance was broadly Anglo-Catholic, tempered by the liberal Anglo-Catholicism advocated in the "Lux Mundi" essays.


Context: what is cosmo gordon lang?

Context: where is his family from?

Context: His father was from Glassford.

Context: what is his father's name?

Context: John Marshall Lang.

Context: who was he?

Context: when did cosmo become a bishop?

Context: In 1901.

Question: what role did he play in world war i?

Answer: He was active in recruiting campaigns throughout his province.

Cosmo Gordon Lang [SEP] First World War

When war broke out in August 1914, Lang concluded that the conflict was righteous, and that younger clergy should be encouraged to serve as military chaplains, although it was not their duty to fight. He thereafter was active in recruiting campaigns throughout his province. At a meeting in York in November 1914 he caused offence when he spoke out against excessive anti-German propaganda, and recalled a "sacred memory" of the Kaiser kneeling with King Edward VII at the bier of Queen Victoria. These remarks, perceived as pro-German, produced what Lang termed "a perfect hail of denunciation". The strain of this period, coupled with the onset of alopecia, drastically altered Lang's relatively youthful appearance to that of a bald and elderly-looking man.


Context: what is cosmo gordon lang?

Context: where is his family from?

Context: His father was from Glassford.

Context: what is his father's name?

Context: John Marshall Lang.

Context: who was he?

Context: when did cosmo become a bishop?

Context: In 1901.

Context: what role did he play in world war i?

Context: He was active in recruiting campaigns throughout his province.

Question: did he attend any universities?

Answer: Yes, the University of Glasgow.

Cosmo Gordon Lang [SEP] University of Glasgow

At the university Lang's tutors included some of Scotland's leading academics: the Greek scholar Richard Claverhouse Jebb, the physicist William Thomson (who was later created Lord Kelvin) and the philosopher Edward Caird. Long afterwards Lang commented on the inability of some of these eminent figures to handle "the Scottish boors who formed a large part of their classes". Lang was most strongly influenced by Caird, who gave the boy's mind "its first real awakening". Lang recalled how, in a revelation as he was passing through Kelvingrove Park, he expressed aloud his sudden conviction that: "The Universe is one and its Unity and Ultimate Reality is God!" He acknowledged that his greatest failure at the University was his inability to make any progress in his understanding of mathematics, "to me, then and always, unintelligible".


Context: what is cosmo gordon lang?

Context: where is his family from?

Context: His father was from Glassford.

Context: what is his father's name?

Context: John Marshall Lang.

Context: who was he?

Context: when did cosmo become a bishop?

Context: In 1901.

Context: what role did he play in world war i?

Context: did he attend any universities?

Context: Yes, the University of Glasgow.

Question: did he get any office job?

Answer: Yes, he was appointed as the Archbishop.

Cosmo Gordon Lang [SEP] In office

Archbishop Davidson resigned in July 1928 (he is believed to have been the first Archbishop of Canterbury ever to retire voluntarily). On 26 July Lang was notified by the Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, that he would be the successor; William Temple would succeed Lang at York. Lang was enthroned as the new Archbishop of Canterbury on 4 December 1928, the first bachelor to hold the appointment in 150 years. A contemporary "Time" magazine article described Lang as "forthright and voluble" and as looking "like George Washington". Lang's first three years at Canterbury were marked by intermittent illnesses, which required periods of convalescence away from his duties.