Context: Over 3.7 billion

Context: what is this performance?

Context: It is a song

Context: who performed it?

Context: South Korean singer Psy

Context: what impact did it have on cultures?

Context: when was this artist born?

Context: December 31, 1977

Context: did he ever serve in the army?

Context: why?

Context: how is his image?

Context: He is known for his sense of humor in his concerts, where he imitates female singers such as Park Ji-yoon, Lee Hyo-ri, Lady Gaga, and Beyoncé.

Question: what is the musical style of the third?

Answer: She is a contralto with a range spanning from B♭ to B

Explanation: Gaga is a contralto with a range spanning from B♭ to B. She has changed her vocal style regularly, and considers "Born This Way" "much more vocally up to par with what I've always been capable of". In summing up her voice, "Entertainment Weekly" wrote: "There's an immense emotional intelligence behind the way she uses her voice. Almost never does she overwhelm a song with her vocal ability, recognizing instead that artistry is to be found in nuance rather than lung power."

Lady Gaga [SEP] Musical style and themes

Gaga believes that "all good music can be played on a piano and still sound like a hit". Simon Reynolds wrote in 2010, "Everything about Gaga came from electroclash, except the music, which wasn't particularly 1980s, just ruthlessly catchy naughties pop glazed with Auto-Tune and undergirded with R&B-ish beats." Gaga's songs have covered a wide variety of concepts; "The Fame" discusses the lust for stardom, while the follow-up "The Fame Monster" expresses fame's dark side through monster metaphors. "The Fame" is an electropop and dance-pop album that has influences of 1980s pop and 1990s Europop, whereas "The Fame Monster" displays Gaga's taste for pastiche, drawing on "Seventies arena glam, perky ABBA disco, and sugary throwbacks like Stacey Q".


Question: which of the following is not a negative factor of nonnative species

Answer: They have the potential to provide a suitable habitat or food source for other organisms.

Invasive species [SEP] Favorable effects

Invasive species have the potential to provide a suitable habitat or food source for other organisms. In areas where a native has become extinct or reached a point that it cannot be restored, non-native species can fill their role. An example of this is the Tamarisk, a non-native woody plant, and the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher, an endangered bird. 75% of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers were found to nest in these plants and their success was the same as the flycatchers that had nested in native plants. The removal of Tamarisk would be detrimental to Southwestern Willow Flycatcher as their native nesting sites are unable to be restored.


Context: which of the following is not a negative factor of nonnative species

Context: They have the potential to provide a suitable habitat or food source for other organisms.

Question: what is the other name of such species?

Answer: Invasive species.

Explanation: Invasive species have the potential to provide a suitable habitat or food source for other organisms. In areas where a native has become extinct or reached a point that it cannot be restored, non-native species can fill their role.


Context: what is the other name of such species?

Context: Invasive species.

Question: can you state a reason behind a species becoming so?

Answer: Scientists include ecosystem and species factors among the mechanisms that, when combined, establish invasiveness in a newly introduced species.

Invasive species [SEP] Causes

Typically, an introduced species must survive at low population densities before it becomes invasive in a new location. At low population densities, it can be difficult for the introduced species to reproduce and maintain itself in a new location, so a species might reach a location multiple times before it becomes established. Repeated patterns of human movement, such as ships sailing to and from ports or cars driving up and down highways offer repeated opportunities for establishment (also known as a high propagule pressure). Scientists include ecosystem and species factors among the mechanisms that, when combined, establish invasiveness in a newly introduced species.


Context: what is the other name of such species?

Context: Invasive species.

Context: can you state a reason behind a species becoming so?

Context: Scientists include ecosystem and species factors among the mechanisms that, when combined, establish invasiveness in a newly introduced species.

Question: can you name any such species?

Answer: Zebra mussels.

Explanation: l. Zebra mussels outcompete other native organisms for oxygen and food, such as algae. Although the zebra mussel invasion was first noted in 1988, and a mitigation plan was successfully implemented shortly thereafter, the plan had a serious flaw or loophole, whereby ships loaded with cargo when they reached the Seaway were not tested because their ballast water tanks were empty. However, even in an empty ballast tank, there remains a puddle of water filled with organisms that could be released at the next port (when the tank is filled with water after unloading the cargo, the ship takes on ba

Invasive species [SEP] Within the aquatic environment

Zebra mussels outcompete other native organisms for oxygen and food, such as algae. Although the zebra mussel invasion was first noted in 1988, and a mitigation plan was successfully implemented shortly thereafter, the plan had a serious flaw or loophole, whereby ships loaded with cargo when they reached the Seaway were not tested because their ballast water tanks were empty. However, even in an empty ballast tank, there remains a puddle of water filled with organisms that could be released at the next port (when the tank is filled with water after unloading the cargo, the ship takes on ballast water which mixes with the puddles and then everything including the living organisms in the puddles is discharged at the next port).


Context: what is the other name of such species?

Context: Invasive species.

Context: can you name any such species?

Context: Zebra mussels.

Question: do forest fires have any effect on them?

Answer: Large wildfires can sterilize soils, while adding a variety of nutrients. In the resulting free-for-all, formerly entrenched species lose their advantage, leaving more room for invasives.

Invasive species [SEP] Effects of wildfire and firefighting

Invasive species often exploit disturbances to an ecosystem (wildfires, roads, foot trails) to colonize an area. Large wildfires can sterilize soils, while adding a variety of nutrients. In the resulting free-for-all, formerly entrenched species lose their advantage, leaving more room for invasives. In such circumstances, plants that can regenerate from their roots have an advantage. Non-natives with this ability can benefit from a low intensity fire burn that removes surface vegetation, leaving natives that rely on seeds for propagation to find their niches occupied when their seeds finally sprout. Wildfires often occur in remote areas, needing fire suppression crews to travel through pristine forest to reach the site.


Context: what is the other name of such species?

Context: Invasive species.

Context: can you name any such species?

Context: Zebra mussels.

Context: do forest fires have any effect on them?

Context: Large wildfires can sterilize soils, while adding a variety of nutrients. In the resulting free-for-all, formerly entrenched species lose their advantage, leaving more room for invasives.

Question: what are a few negative effects of such species?

Answer: They cause ecological, environmental, or economic damage.

Explanation: Invasive species can affect the invaded habitats and bioregions adversely, causing ecological, environmental, or economic damage.

Invasive species [SEP] Adverse effects


Context: what is the other name of such species?

Context: Invasive species.

Context: can you name any such species?

Context: Zebra mussels.

Context: what are a few negative effects of such species?

Context: They cause ecological, environmental, or economic damage.

Question: can you mention any cause behind the type of forest fire that we were talking about?

Answer: Arson, discarded cigarettes, power-lines arcs, and sparks from equipment.

Wildfire [SEP] Human activity

The most common direct human causes of wildfire ignition include arson, discarded cigarettes, power-lines arcs (as detected by arc mapping), and sparks from equipment. Ignition of wildland fires via contact with hot rifle-bullet fragments is also possible under the right conditions. Wildfires can also be started in communities experiencing shifting cultivation, where land is cleared quickly and farmed until the soil loses fertility, and slash and burn clearing. Forested areas cleared by logging encourage the dominance of flammable grasses, and abandoned logging roads overgrown by vegetation may act as fire corridors. Annual grassland fires in southern Vietnam stem in part from the destruction of forested areas by US military herbicides, explosives, and mechanical land-clearing and -burning operations during the Vietnam War.


Context: what is the other name of such species?

Context: Invasive species.

Context: can you name any such species?

Context: Zebra mussels.

Context: can you mention any cause behind the type of forest fire that we were talking about?

Context: Arson, discarded cigarettes, power-lines arcs, and sparks from equipment.

Question: how do they affect the climate?

Answer: Earlier snowmelt and associated warming has also been associated with an increase in length and severity of the wildfire season, or the most fire-prone time of the year.

Wildfire [SEP] Effect of climate

Heat waves, droughts, climate variability such as El Niño, and regional weather patterns such as high-pressure ridges can increase the risk and alter the behavior of wildfires dramatically. Years of precipitation followed by warm periods can encourage more widespread fires and longer fire seasons. Since the mid-1980s, earlier snowmelt and associated warming has also been associated with an increase in length and severity of the wildfire season, or the most fire-prone time of the year, in the Western United States. Global warming may increase the intensity and frequency of droughts in many areas, creating more intense and frequent wildfires. A 2015 study indicates that the increase in fire risk in California may be attributable to human-induced climate change.


Context: what is the other name of such species?

Context: Invasive species.

Context: can you name any such species?

Context: Zebra mussels.

Context: how do they affect the climate?

Context: Earlier snowmelt and associated warming has also been associated with an increase in length and severity of the wildfire season, or the most fire-prone time of the year.

Question: does it lead to any respiratory disease?

Answer: Yes.

Wildfire [SEP] Health effects

Wildfire smoke contains particulate matter that may have adverse effects upon the human respiratory system. Evidence of the health effects of wildfire smoke should be relayed to the public so that exposure may be limited. Evidence of health effects can also be used to influence policy to promote positive health outcomes. Inhalation of smoke from a wildfire can be a health hazard. Wildfire smoke is composed of combustion products i.e. carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, particulate matter, organic chemicals, nitrogen oxides and other compounds. The principal health concern is the inhalation of particulate matter and carbon monoxide. Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollution made up of particles of dust and liquid droplets.


Context: what is the other name of such species?

Context: Invasive species.

Context: can you name any such species?

Context: Zebra mussels.

Context: how do they affect the climate?

Context: does it lead to any respiratory disease?

Context: Yes.

Question: how can fires be controlled?

Answer: Through the use of fire retardants.

Wildfire [SEP] Fire retardants

Fire retardants are used to slow wildfires by inhibiting combustion. They are aqueous solutions of ammonium phosphates and ammonium sulfates, as well as thickening agents. The decision to apply retardant depends on the magnitude, location and intensity of the wildfire. In certain instances, fire retardant may also be applied as a precautionary fire defense measure. Typical fire retardants contain the same agents as fertilizers. Fire retardants may also affect water quality through leaching, eutrophication, or misapplication. Fire retardant's effects on drinking water remain inconclusive. Dilution factors, including water body size, rainfall, and water flow rates lessen the concentration and potency of fire retardant.


Context: what is the other name of such species?

Context: Invasive species.

Context: can you name any such species?

Context: Zebra mussels.

Context: how do they affect the climate?

Context: Yes.

Context: how can fires be controlled?

Context: Through the use of fire retardants.

Question: what are the risks after the fire is subdued?

Answer: Residents returning to their homes may be at risk from falling fire-weakened trees. Humans and pets may also be harmed by falling into ash pits.

Wildfire [SEP] Post-fire risks

After a wildfire, hazards remain. Residents returning to their homes may be at risk from falling fire-weakened trees. Humans and pets may also be harmed by falling into ash pits.


Question: what is the scientific name of beringian wolf?

Answer: Canis lupus

Explanation: Canis lupus

Beringian wolf [SEP] Introduction

The Beringian wolf is an extinct kind of wolf ("Canis lupus") that lived during the Ice Age. It inhabited what is now modern-day Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming. Some of these wolves survived well into the Holocene. The Beringian wolf is an ecomorph of the gray wolf and has been comprehensively studied using a range of scientific techniques, yielding new information on the prey species and feeding behavior of prehistoric wolves. It has been determined that these wolves are morphologically distinct from modern North American wolves and genetically basal to most modern and extinct wolves. The Beringian wolf has not been assigned a subspecies classification and its relationship with the extinct European cave wolf ("Canis lupus spelaeus") is not clear.


Context: what is the scientific name of beringian wolf?

Context: Canis lupus

Question: where is it generally found?

Answer: Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming

Explanation: Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming

Beringian wolf [SEP] Introduction


Context: Canis lupus

Context: where is it generally found?

Context: Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming

Question: where is the aforesaid initial place located?

Answer: It is a U.S. state on the northwest extremity of the country's West Coast.

Alaska [SEP] Introduction

Alaska (; ; ; Alutiiq: "Alas'kaaq"; Tlingit: "Anáaski"; ) is a U.S. state on the northwest extremity of the country's West Coast, just across the Bering Strait from Asia. An exclave of the U.S., it borders the Canadian province of British Columbia and territory of Yukon to the east and southeast and has a maritime border with Russia's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug to the west. To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas of the Arctic Ocean, while the Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest. Alaska is the largest U.S. state by area and the seventh-largest subnational division in the world.


Context: Canis lupus

Context: where is it generally found?

Context: Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming

Context: where is the aforesaid initial place located?

Context: It is a U.S. state on the northwest extremity of the country's West Coast.

Question: where did it get its name from?

Answer: An Aleut-language idiom, which figuratively refers to the mainland

Alaska [SEP] Etymology

The name "Alaska" () was introduced in the Russian colonial period when it was used to refer to the Alaska Peninsula. It was derived from an Aleut-language idiom, which figuratively refers to the mainland. Literally, it means "object to which the action of the sea is directed".


Context: Canis lupus

Context: where is it generally found?

Context: Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: An Aleut-language idiom, which figuratively refers to the mainland

Question: can you tell me about the weather there?

Answer: Southeast Alaska has a mid-latitude oceanic climate while in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate in the northern parts..

Alaska [SEP] Climate

The climate in Southeast Alaska is a mid-latitude oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: "Cfb") in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen "Cfc") in the northern parts. On an annual basis, Southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high precipitation throughout the year. Juneau averages over of precipitation a year, and Ketchikan averages over . This is also the only region in Alaska in which the average daytime high temperature is above freezing during the winter months. The climate of Anchorage and south central Alaska is mild by Alaskan standards due to the region's proximity to the seacoast.


Context: Canis lupus

Context: where is it generally found?

Context: Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: can you tell me about the weather there?

Context: Southeast Alaska has a mid-latitude oceanic climate while in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate in the northern parts..

Question: what about the climate in the second place?

Answer: Mild

Explanation: mild

Yukon [SEP] Climate

While the average winter temperature in Yukon is mild by Canadian arctic standards, no other place in North America gets as cold as Yukon during extreme cold snaps. The temperature has dropped down to three times, 1947, 1952, and 1968. The most extreme cold snap occurred in February 1947 when the abandoned town of Snag dropped down to . Unlike most of Canada where the most extreme heat waves occur in July, August, and even September, Yukon's extreme heat tends to occur in June and even May. Yukon has recorded three times. The first time was in June 1969 when Mayo recorded a temperature of .


Context: Canis lupus

Context: where is it generally found?

Context: Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: what about the climate in the second place?

Context: Mild

Question: what are the various ethnic groups seen there?

Answer: Canadians, filipinos, Asians etc

Yukon [SEP] Ethnicity

According to the 2006 Canada Census the majority of the territory's population was of European descent, although it has a significant population of First Nations communities across the territory. The top ten ancestries were: The 2011 National Household Survey examined Yukon's ethnocultural diversity and immigration. At that time, 87.7% of residents were Canadian-born and 24.2% were of Indigenous origin. The most common countries of birth for immigrants were the United Kingdom (15.9%), the Philippines (15.0%), and the United States (13.2%). Among very recent immigrants (between 2006 and 2011) living in Yukon, 63.5% were born in Asia.


Context: Canis lupus

Context: where is it generally found?

Context: Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: Mild

Context: what are the various ethnic groups seen there?

Context: Canadians, filipinos, Asians etc

Question: what can you tell me about the tourism there?

Answer: It relies heavily on its natural environment.

Yukon [SEP] Tourism

Yukon's tourism motto is "Larger than life". Yukon's tourism relies heavily on its natural environment, and there are many organized outfitters and guides available for activities such as but not limited to hunting, angling, canoeing/kayaking, hiking, skiing, snowboarding, ice climbing and dog sledding. These activities are offered both in an organized setting or in the backcountry, which is accessible by air or snowmobile. Yukon's festivals and sporting events include the Adäka Cultural Festival, Yukon International Storytelling Festival, and the Yukon Sourdough Rendezvous. Yukon's latitude enables the view of aurora borealis. The Government of Yukon maintains a series of territorial parks including, parks (Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk Territorial Park, including Tombstone Territorial Park, and Fishing Branch Ni'iinlii'njik Park.


Context: Canis lupus

Context: where is it generally found?

Context: Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: Mild

Context: Canadians, filipinos, Asians etc

Context: what can you tell me about the tourism there?

Context: It relies heavily on its natural environment.

Question: what is their estimated population?

Answer: 35,874

Yukon [SEP] Demographics

The 2016 census reported a Yukon population of 35,874, an increase of 5.8% from 2011. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2011.


Context: Canis lupus

Context: where is it generally found?

Context: Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: Mild

Context: Canadians, filipinos, Asians etc

Context: what is their estimated population?

Question: what about the population in the third place?

Answer: 578,759

Wyoming [SEP] Population

The United States Census Bureau estimates the population of Wyoming was 578,759 in 2019, The center of population of Wyoming is in Natrona County. In 2014, the United States Census Bureau estimated the population's racial composition was 92.7% white (82.9 non-Hispanic white), 2.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.6% Black or African American, 1.0% Asian American, and 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. As of 2011, 24.9% of Wyoming's population younger than age1 were minorities. According to the 2010 census, the racial composition of the population was 90.7% white, 0.8% black or African American, 2.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.8% Asian American, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 2.2% from two or more races, and 3.0% from some other race.


Question: what is the name for a weather forecaster

Answer: Those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecast are called "weather forecasters" or "operational meteorologists".

Meteorologist [SEP] Introduction

Meteorologists are scientists who study and work in the field of meteorology. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologist in research while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecast are called "weather forecasters" or "operational meteorologists". They work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. Not to be confused with weather presenters who are most often journalists presenting the weather forecast in the media, having just minimal training in meteorology.


Context: what is the name for a weather forecaster

Context: Those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecast are called "weather forecasters" or "operational meteorologists".

Question: what is weather forecasting?

Answer: The application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time.

Weather forecasting [SEP] Introduction

Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time. People have attempted to predict the weather informally for millennia and formally since the 19th century. Weather forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the current state of the atmosphere at a given place and using meteorology to project how the atmosphere will change. Once calculated by hand based mainly upon changes in barometric pressure, current weather conditions, and sky condition or cloud cover, weather forecasting now relies on computer-based models that take many atmospheric factors into account.


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: The application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time.

Question: what are a few modern methodologies used in this regard?

Answer: Barometer, Beaufort scale, Accuweather, El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Barometer [SEP] Introduction

A barometer is a scientific instrument that is used to measure air pressure in a certain environment. Pressure tendency can forecast short term changes in the weather. Many measurements of air pressure are used within surface weather analysis to help find surface troughs, pressure systems and frontal boundaries. Barometers and pressure altimeters (the most basic and common type of altimeter) are essentially the same instrument, but used for different purposes. An altimeter is intended to be used at different levels matching the corresponding atmospheric pressure to the altitude, while a barometer is kept at the same level and measures subtle pressure changes caused by weather and elements of weather.


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: what are a few modern methodologies used in this regard?

Context: Barometer, Beaufort scale, Accuweather, El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Question: what is the first one?

Answer: A scientific instrument that is used to measure air pressure in a certain environment.

Barometer [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: A scientific instrument that is used to measure air pressure in a certain environment.

Question: how did it get its name?

Answer: The word "barometer" is derived from the meaning "weight", and meaning "measure".

Explanation: The word "barometer" is derived from the meaning "weight", and meaning "measure".

Barometer [SEP] Etymology


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: The word "barometer" is derived from the meaning "weight", and meaning "measure".

Question: by whom was it developed?

Answer: Evangelista Torricelli

Barometer [SEP] History

Although Evangelista Torricelli is universally credited with inventing the barometer in 1643, historical documentation also suggests Gasparo Berti, an Italian mathematician and astronomer, unintentionally built a water barometer sometime between 1640 and 1643. French scientist and philosopher René Descartes described the design of an experiment to determine atmospheric pressure as early as 1631, but there is no evidence that he built a working barometer at that time. On 27 July 1630, Giovanni Battista Baliani wrote a letter to Galileo Galilei explaining an experiment he had made in which a siphon, led over a hill about twenty-one meters high, failed to work.


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Evangelista Torricelli

Question: who was this person?

Answer: He was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo.

Explanation: Evangelista Torricelli ( , , ; 15 October 160825 October 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo. He is best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work on the method of indivisibles.

Evangelista Torricelli [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Evangelista Torricelli

Context: who was this person?

Context: He was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo.

Question: where was he from?

Answer: Rome

Evangelista Torricelli [SEP] Early life

Evangelista Torricelli was born on 15 October 1608 in Rome, the firstborn child of Gaspare Torricelli and Caterina Angetti. His family was from Faenza in the Province of Ravenna, then part of the Papal States. His father was a textile worker and the family was very poor. Seeing his talents, his parents sent him to be educated in Faenza, under the care of his uncle, Giacomo (Jacob), a Camaldolese monk, who first ensured that his nephew was given a sound basic education. He then entered young Torricelli into a Jesuit College in 1624, possibly the one in Faenza itself, to study mathematics and philosophy until 1626, by which time his father, Gaspare, had died.


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Evangelista Torricelli

Context: who was this person?

Context: where was he from?

Context: Rome

Question: is he relevant in the field of maths as well?

Answer: Yes - he developed further the method of indivisibles of Cavalieri; infinite series; Telescoping series; Torricelli's trumpet (Gabriel's horn)

Explanation:
Torricelli is also famous for the discovery of the "Torricelli's trumpet" (also - perhaps more often - known as Gabriel's Horn) whose surface area is infinite, but whose volume is finite. This was seen as an "incredible" paradox by many at the time, including Torricelli himself, and prompted a fierce controversy about the nature of infinity, also involving the philosopher Hobbes. It is supposed by some to have led to the idea of a "completed infinity". Torricelli tried several alternative proofs, attempting to prove that its surface area was also finite - all of which failed.

Torricelli was also a pioneer in the area of infinite series. In his "De dimensione parabolae" of 1644, Torricelli considered a decreasing sequence of positive terms formula_2 and showed the corresponding telescoping series formula_3 necessarily converges to formula_4, where "L" is the limit of the sequence, and in this way gives a proof of the formula for the sum of a geometric series.

Torricelli developed furt

Evangelista Torricelli [SEP] Torricelli's work in mathematics


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Evangelista Torricelli

Context: who was this person?

Context: where was he from?

Context: Rome

Context: is he relevant in the field of maths as well?

Context: Yes - he developed further the method of indivisibles of Cavalieri; infinite series; Telescoping series; Torricelli's trumpet (Gabriel's horn)

Question: did he study winds as well?

Answer: He gave the first scientific description of the cause of wind

Explanation: Torricelli gave the first scientific description of the cause of wind:

Evangelista Torricelli [SEP] Cause of wind


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Evangelista Torricelli

Context: who was this person?

Context: where was he from?

Context: Rome

Context: did he study winds as well?

Context: He gave the first scientific description of the cause of wind

Question: how is the forecasts mentioned earlier important for farming?

Answer: Farmers rely on weather forecasts to decide what work to do on any particular day. Drying hay is only feasible in dry weather. Frosts and freezes play havoc with crops both during the spring and fall.

Explanation: Farmers rely on weather forecasts to decide what work to do on any particular day. For example, drying hay is only feasible in dry weather. Prolonged periods of dryness can ruin cotton, wheat, and corn crops. While corn crops can be ruined by drought, their dried remains can be used as a cattle feed substitute in the form of silage. Frosts and freezes play havoc with crops both during the spring and fall. For example, peach trees in full bloom can have their potential peach crop decimated by a spring freeze. Orange groves can suffer significant damage during frosts and freezes, regardless of their timing.

Weather forecasting [SEP] Agriculture


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Evangelista Torricelli

Context: who was this person?

Context: where was he from?

Context: Rome

Context: did he study winds as well?

Context: how is the forecasts mentioned earlier important for farming?

Context: Farmers rely on weather forecasts to decide what work to do on any particular day. Drying hay is only feasible in dry weather. Frosts and freezes play havoc with crops both during the spring and fall.

Question: and are they relevant to forests as well?

Answer: Yes - Weather forecasting of wind, precipitations, and humidity is essential for preventing and controlling wildfires. Indices like the "Forest fire weather index" and the "Haines Index", have been developed to predict areas at risk of fire.

Explanation: Weather forecasting of wind, precipitations and humidity is essential for preventing and controlling wildfires. Different indices, like the "Forest fire weather index" and the "Haines Index", have been developed to predict the areas more at risk to experience fire from natural or human causes. Conditions for the development of harmful insects can be predicted by forecasting the evolution of weather, too.

Weather forecasting [SEP] Forestry


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Evangelista Torricelli

Context: who was this person?

Context: where was he from?

Context: Rome

Context: did he study winds as well?

Context: and are they relevant to forests as well?

Context: Yes - Weather forecasting of wind, precipitations, and humidity is essential for preventing and controlling wildfires. Indices like the "Forest fire weather index" and the "Haines Index", have been developed to predict areas at risk of fire.

Question: how are these forecasts relayed to the common people?

Answer: Internet, Newspaper, television, radio, weather beacons

Explanation:
Most end users of forecasts are members of the general public. Thunderstorms can create strong winds and dangerous lightning strikes that can lead to deaths, power outages, and widespread hail damage. Heavy snow or rain can bring transportation and commerce to a stand-still, as well as cause flooding in low-lying areas. Excessive heat or cold waves can sicken or kill those with inadequate utilities, and droughts can impact water usage and destroy vegetation.

Several countries employ government agencies to provide forecasts and watches/warnings/advisories to the public in order to protect life and property and maintain commercial interests. Knowledge of what the end user needs from a weather forecast must be taken into account to present the information in a useful and understandable way. Examples include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS) and Environment Canada's Meteorological Service (MSC). Traditionally, newspaper, television, and r

Weather forecasting [SEP] Communicating forecasts to the public


Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: what is the first one?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Evangelista Torricelli

Context: who was this person?

Context: where was he from?

Context: Rome

Context: did he study winds as well?

Context: how are these forecasts relayed to the common people?

Context: Internet, Newspaper, television, radio, weather beacons

Question: is there any agency particularly dedicated to this forecast?

Answer: Yes - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS) and Environment Canada's Meteorological Service (MSC).

Explanation: Several countries employ government agencies to provide forecasts and watches/warnings/advisories to the public in order to protect life and property and maintain commercial interests. Knowledge of what the end user needs from a weather forecast must be taken into account to present the information in a useful and understandable way. Examples include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS) and Environment Canada's Meteorological Service (MSC).

Examples include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS) and Environment Canada's Meteorological Service (MSC). Traditionally, newspaper, television, and radio have been the primary outlets for presenting weather forecast information to the public. In addition, some cities had weather beacons. Increasingly, the internet is being used due to the vast amount of specific information that can be found. In all cases, these outlets update their forecasts on a regular basis.


Context: what is the name for a weather forecaster

Context: Those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecast are called "weather forecasters" or "operational meteorologists".

Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: The application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time.

Context: what are a few modern methodologies used in this regard?

Context: Barometer, Beaufort scale, Accuweather, El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Context: what is the first one?

Context: A scientific instrument that is used to measure air pressure in a certain environment.

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: The word "barometer" is derived from the meaning "weight", and meaning "measure".

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Evangelista Torricelli

Context: who was this person?

Context: He was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo.

Context: where was he from?

Context: Rome

Context: is he relevant in the field of maths as well?

Context: Yes - he developed further the method of indivisibles of Cavalieri; infinite series; Telescoping series; Torricelli's trumpet (Gabriel's horn)

Context: did he study winds as well?

Context: He gave the first scientific description of the cause of wind

Context: how is the forecasts mentioned earlier important for farming?

Context: Farmers rely on weather forecasts to decide what work to do on any particular day. Drying hay is only feasible in dry weather. Frosts and freezes play havoc with crops both during the spring and fall.

Context: and are they relevant to forests as well?

Context: Yes - Weather forecasting of wind, precipitations, and humidity is essential for preventing and controlling wildfires. Indices like the "Forest fire weather index" and the "Haines Index", have been developed to predict areas at risk of fire.

Context: how are these forecasts relayed to the common people?

Context: Internet, Newspaper, television, radio, weather beacons

Context: is there any agency particularly dedicated to this forecast?

Context: Yes - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS) and Environment Canada's Meteorological Service (MSC).

Question: what is the first one?

Answer: An gency of the United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information.

National Weather Service [SEP] Introduction

The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information. It is a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) branch of the Department of Commerce, and is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland, within the Washington metropolitan area. The agency was known as the United States Weather Bureau from 1890 until it adopted its current name in 1970. The NWS performs its primary task through a collection of national and regional centers, and 122 local Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs).


Context: what is the name for a weather forecaster

Context: Those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecast are called "weather forecasters" or "operational meteorologists".

Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: The application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time.

Context: what are a few modern methodologies used in this regard?

Context: Barometer, Beaufort scale, Accuweather, El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Context: what is the first one?

Context: A scientific instrument that is used to measure air pressure in a certain environment.

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: The word "barometer" is derived from the meaning "weight", and meaning "measure".

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Evangelista Torricelli

Context: who was this person?

Context: He was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo.

Context: where was he from?

Context: Rome

Context: is he relevant in the field of maths as well?

Context: Yes - he developed further the method of indivisibles of Cavalieri; infinite series; Telescoping series; Torricelli's trumpet (Gabriel's horn)

Context: did he study winds as well?

Context: He gave the first scientific description of the cause of wind

Context: how is the forecasts mentioned earlier important for farming?

Context: Farmers rely on weather forecasts to decide what work to do on any particular day. Drying hay is only feasible in dry weather. Frosts and freezes play havoc with crops both during the spring and fall.

Context: and are they relevant to forests as well?

Context: Yes - Weather forecasting of wind, precipitations, and humidity is essential for preventing and controlling wildfires. Indices like the "Forest fire weather index" and the "Haines Index", have been developed to predict areas at risk of fire.

Context: how are these forecasts relayed to the common people?

Context: Internet, Newspaper, television, radio, weather beacons

Context: is there any agency particularly dedicated to this forecast?

Context: Yes - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS) and Environment Canada's Meteorological Service (MSC).

Context: what is the first one?

Context: An gency of the United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information.

Question: when was it set up?

Answer: 1870

Explanation: In 1870, the Weather Bureau of the United States was established through a joint resolution of Congress signed by President Ulysses S. Grant with a mission to "provide for taking meteorological observations at the military stations in the interior of the continent and at other points in the States and Territories...and for giving notice on the northern (Great) Lakes and on the seacoast by magnetic telegraph and marine signals, of the approach and force of storms." The agency was placed under the Secretary of War as Congress felt "military discipline would probably secure the greatest promptness, regularity, and accuracy in the required observations." Within the Department of War, it was assigned to the U.S. Army Signal Service under Brigadier General Albert J. Myer. General Myer gave the National Weather Service its first name: The Division of Telegrams and Reports for the Benefit of Commerce.

National Weather Service [SEP] History


Context: what is the name for a weather forecaster

Context: Those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecast are called "weather forecasters" or "operational meteorologists".

Context: what is weather forecasting?

Context: The application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time.

Context: what are a few modern methodologies used in this regard?

Context: Barometer, Beaufort scale, Accuweather, El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Context: what is the first one?

Context: A scientific instrument that is used to measure air pressure in a certain environment.

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: The word "barometer" is derived from the meaning "weight", and meaning "measure".

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Evangelista Torricelli

Context: who was this person?

Context: He was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo.

Context: where was he from?

Context: Rome

Context: is he relevant in the field of maths as well?

Context: Yes - he developed further the method of indivisibles of Cavalieri; infinite series; Telescoping series; Torricelli's trumpet (Gabriel's horn)

Context: did he study winds as well?

Context: He gave the first scientific description of the cause of wind

Context: how is the forecasts mentioned earlier important for farming?

Context: Farmers rely on weather forecasts to decide what work to do on any particular day. Drying hay is only feasible in dry weather. Frosts and freezes play havoc with crops both during the spring and fall.

Context: and are they relevant to forests as well?

Context: Yes - Weather forecasting of wind, precipitations, and humidity is essential for preventing and controlling wildfires. Indices like the "Forest fire weather index" and the "Haines Index", have been developed to predict areas at risk of fire.

Context: how are these forecasts relayed to the common people?

Context: Internet, Newspaper, television, radio, weather beacons

Context: is there any agency particularly dedicated to this forecast?

Context: Yes - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS) and Environment Canada's Meteorological Service (MSC).

Context: what is the first one?

Context: An gency of the United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information.

Context: when was it set up?

Question: has it faced any ontroversies?

Answer: Critics pointed out that NWS forecasts are not as accurate as they could be, and that this has resulted in inaccurate daily weather forecasts and dangerously bad predictions concerning the location and intensity of extreme weather events like blizzards and hurricanes.

Explanation:
Critics such as University of Washington professor Cliff Mass have pointed out that NWS forecasts are not as accurate as they could be, and that this has resulted in inaccurate daily weather forecasts and dangerously bad predictions concerning the location and intensity of extreme weather events like blizzards and hurricanes. Certain private companies, the British Met Office, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and the Northwest Regional Modeling Consortium in Seattle have been cited as producing more accurate predictions in certain circumstances. According to critics, causes include:

The Next Generation Global Prediction System project at NWS aims to address some of these criticisms by running a unified high-quality model that takes advantage of more recent research results.

National Weather Service [SEP] Accuracy problems


Question: family guy the bird is the word episode

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

I Dream of Jesus [SEP] Introduction

"I Dream of Jesus" is the second episode in the seventh season of the American animated television series "Family Guy". It originally aired on Fox in the United States on October 5, 2008. In the episode, Peter finds Jesus Christ (voiced by Alec Sulkin) working at a record shop, and convinces Jesus to make his second coming. Directed by Mike Kim and written by Brian Scully, the title of the episode refers to the television series "I Dream of Jeannie". The episode makes a prominent use of the song "Surfin' Bird" by The Trashmen. The episode guest starred Chris Cox, Ike Barinholtz, Amanda MacDonald, Niecy Nash, Sulkin and Paris and Perez Hilton.


Context:
family guy the bird is the word episode
UNANSWERABLE

Question: how is 'i dream of jesus' related to family guy?

Answer: It is the second episode in the seventh season of the American animated television series "Family Guy".

Explanation: "I Dream of Jesus" is the second episode in the seventh season of the American animated television series "Family Guy".

I Dream of Jesus [SEP] Introduction


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is 'i dream of jesus' related to family guy?

Context: It is the second episode in the seventh season of the American animated television series "Family Guy".

Question: who directed this episode?

Answer: Mike Kim

Explanation: Directed by Mike Kim and written by Brian Scully

I Dream of Jesus [SEP] Introduction


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Question: what are some of the names of the characters appearing in this episode?

Answer: Peter, Lois, Stewie, Brian, Chris and Meg

Explanation:
Peter hears his favourite song The Trashmen's "Surfin' Bird" on the jukebox. He obtains a record of it from the restaurant upon a restaurant worker's realisation that the song actually came out in the 1960s, and is therefore inappropriate for a 1950s diner. Peter repeats the song over and over on the way home in bed and even when waking up Lois in order to annoy his family. He asks Brian for the news paper and reads it and says that he thought that it will be big news. Afterward, he sings the song again and falls to the ground. However, the final straw of the family's hatred of Surfin' Bird is when Peter foolishly spends over six thousand dollars of the family fortune to buy himself a two-minute clip on TV saying that "I dream of an America where everybody knows that the bird is the word" and singing the song again.

Stewie and Brian steal the record while Peter is asleep one night and destroy it. In a fit of rage, Peter accuses the others, saying they had a motive as he changed his wi

I Dream of Jesus [SEP] Plot

The family goes to Nifty Fifties Diner, a 1950s-themed restaurant, and they see waiters dressed up as celebrities from the 1950s, including James Dean, Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley. Peter hears his favourite song The Trashmen's "Surfin' Bird" on the jukebox. He obtains a record of it from the restaurant upon a restaurant worker's realisation that the song actually came out in the 1960s, and is therefore inappropriate for a 1950s diner. Peter repeats the song over and over on the way home in bed and even when waking up Lois in order to annoy his family. He asks Brian for the news paper and reads it and says that he thought that it will be big news.


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what are some of the names of the characters appearing in this episode?

Context: Peter, Lois, Stewie, Brian, Chris and Meg

Question: what is the storyline of this?

Answer: Peter finds Jesus Christ working at a record shop, and convinces Him to make his second coming.

Explanation: In the episode, Peter finds Jesus Christ (voiced by Alec Sulkin) working at a record shop, and convinces Jesus to make his second coming.

I Dream of Jesus [SEP] Introduction


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: Peter finds Jesus Christ working at a record shop, and convinces Him to make his second coming.

Question: who wrote this episode?

Answer: Brian Scully

Explanation: Directed by Mike Kim and written by Brian Scully, the title of the episode refers to the television series "I Dream of Jeannie"

I Dream of Jesus [SEP] Introduction


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Question: what was the overall feedback received from the critics/viewers after watching this episode?

Answer: According to Nielsen ratings, "I Dream of Jesus" was the most-watched program on Fox the night it originally aired -watched by 8.4 million viewers, and earned a 4.3/10 ratings share in the 18–49 demographic.

I Dream of Jesus [SEP] Reception

According to Nielsen ratings, "I Dream of Jesus" was the most-watched program on Fox the night it originally aired. It was watched by 8.4 million viewers, and earned a 4.3/10 ratings share in the 18–49 demographic. Richard Keller of "TV Squad" praised the "Surfing Bird" and "Office Space" parody segments. Ahsan Haque of "IGN" rated the episode a 7/10, claiming the episode had entertaining moments, but was not one of the show's strongest efforts. Haque wrote, "Jesus on "Family Guy" should have been a big deal and featured far more laughs than it did." Steve Heisler of "The A.V. Club" praised the "Surfin Bird" plot, but stated that the Jesus story was abrupt, adding, "There was a lot of ground "Family Guy" didn't tread that they wanted to".


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Context: what was the overall feedback received from the critics/viewers after watching this episode?

Context: According to Nielsen ratings, "I Dream of Jesus" was the most-watched program on Fox the night it originally aired -watched by 8.4 million viewers, and earned a 4.3/10 ratings share in the 18–49 demographic.

Question: what is the profession of the person who wrote this episode?

Answer: He is a television writer and producer.

Brian Scully [SEP] Introduction

Brian Scully (born August 10, 1953 in West Springfield, Massachusetts) is an American television writer and producer. Scully initially worked as a TV salesman before eventually getting a job writing on "Out of This World". After the show was canceled, Scully was unemployed for over a year but a residual payment of $20,000 for "Out of This World" reruns helped pay his health insurance costs after his wife gave birth to their premature child. He has written episodes for "The Simpsons" (such as "Lost Our Lisa") and "Complete Savages". He has produced "The Drew Carey Show" and "The Pitts". He is the older brother of long-time "The Simpsons" writer and showrunner Mike Scully, and has a second brother called Neil.


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Context: what is the profession of the person who wrote this episode?

Context: He is a television writer and producer.

Question: apart from this show's episode, has he worked on another tv show/film?

Answer: Yes, "Out of This World"

Explanation: Scully initially worked as a TV salesman before eventually getting a job writing on "Out of This World".

Brian Scully [SEP] Introduction


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Context: He is a television writer and producer.

Context: apart from this show's episode, has he worked on another tv show/film?

Context: Yes, "Out of This World"

Question: who voiced that second character mentioned in that episode?

Answer: Alex Borstein

Lois Griffin [SEP] Introduction

Lois Patrice Griffin ("née" Pewterschmidt) is a fictional character from the animated television series "Family Guy". She is voiced by writer Alex Borstein and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the Griffin family, in the 15-minute short on December 20, 1998. Lois was created and designed by series creator Seth MacFarlane. MacFarlane was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company based on "Larry and Steve", a short he made which featured a middle-aged character named Larry and an intellectual dog, Steve. After the pilot was given the green light, the Griffin family appeared in the episode "Death Has a Shadow".


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Context: He is a television writer and producer.

Context: Yes, "Out of This World"

Context: who voiced that second character mentioned in that episode?

Context: Alex Borstein

Question: what is this person's profession?

Answer: Actress, voice actress, writer, comedian, singer, and producer.

Alex Borstein [SEP] Introduction

Alexandrea Borstein (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, voice actress, writer, comedian, singer, and producer. She is best known for voicing Lois Griffin on the animated comedy series "Family Guy" (1999–present), for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award. She gained acclaim for starring as Susie Myerson in the comedy-drama series "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel" (2017–present), which earned her two Primetime Emmy Awards. Borstein also had lead roles as various characters on the sketch comedy series "MADtv" (1997–2009), as well as Dawn Forchette in the medical comedy series "Getting On" (2013–2015). She had supporting roles in numerous films, including "The Lizzie McGuire Movie" (2003), "Catwoman" (2004), "Good Night, and Good Luck" (2005), "Dinner for Schmucks" (2010), "Ted" (2012), "ParaNorman" (2012), and "A Million Ways to Die in the West" (2014).


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Context: He is a television writer and producer.

Context: Yes, "Out of This World"

Context: Alex Borstein

Context: what is this person's profession?

Context: Actress, voice actress, writer, comedian, singer, and producer.

Question: has she lent her voice in some other tv shows/films?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Alex Borstein [SEP] Introduction


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Context: He is a television writer and producer.

Context: Yes, "Out of This World"

Context: Alex Borstein

Context: what is this person's profession?

Context: has she lent her voice in some other tv shows/films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which films/tv shows has she acted in?

Answer: "The Lizzie McGuire Movie", "Catwoman", The Marvelous Mrs. Maiselc.

Explanation: As a film actress, she played the school principal in "The Lizzie McGuire Movie" (2003), the best friend of Halle Berry's character in "Catwoman" (2004), and an employee at CBS News in "Good Night, and Good Luck" (2005). She also had a small role in the movie "Bad Santa" (2003) and an uncredited cameo as an obnoxious coffee shop patron in the Will Ferrell movie "Kicking & Screaming" (2005). On some commercials, she sometimes voices Olive Oyl from Popeye and Betty Boop.

Alex Borstein [SEP] 1999–2009: Further success and "Family Guy"

She was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for the episode "Lois Comes Out of Her Shell" in 2013. In 2000, Borstein was cast as Sookie St. James in the WB drama "Gilmore Girls". She portrayed Sookie in the pilot, but her "MADtv" contract prevented her from continuing in the role, which was recast with Melissa McCarthy. Borstein made recurring appearances on "Gilmore Girls" throughout the show's run, first as the harpist Drella and later as the stylist Miss Celine. As a film actress, she played the school principal in "The Lizzie McGuire Movie" (2003), the best friend of Halle Berry's character in "Catwoman" (2004), and an employee at CBS News in "Good Night, and Good Luck" (2005).


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Context: He is a television writer and producer.

Context: Yes, "Out of This World"

Context: Alex Borstein

Context: what is this person's profession?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which films/tv shows has she acted in?

Context: "The Lizzie McGuire Movie", "Catwoman", The Marvelous Mrs. Maiselc.

Question: what is the genre of the last type of film/tv show mentioned in this list?

Answer: It is a period comedy-drama television series.

The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel [SEP] Introduction

The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel is an American period comedy-drama television series, created by Amy Sherman-Palladino, that premiered on March 17, 2017, on Prime Video. The series stars Rachel Brosnahan as Miriam "Midge" Maisel, a housewife in late 1950s and early 1960s New York City who discovers she has a knack for stand-up comedy and pursues a career in it. The rest of the main cast consists of Alex Borstein, Michael Zegen, Marin Hinkle, Tony Shalhoub, Kevin Pollak, Caroline Aaron, and Jane Lynch. Following the premiere of the pilot episode to critical acclaim, the series was picked up by Amazon Studios.


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Context: He is a television writer and producer.

Context: Yes, "Out of This World"

Context: Alex Borstein

Context: what is this person's profession?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which films/tv shows has she acted in?

Context: what is the genre of the last type of film/tv show mentioned in this list?

Context: It is a period comedy-drama television series.

Question: what is the name of the character she played in that series?

Answer: Susie Myerson

Explanation: She gained acclaim for starring as Susie Myerson in the comedy-drama series "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel" (2017–present)

Alex Borstein [SEP] Introduction


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Context: He is a television writer and producer.

Context: Yes, "Out of This World"

Context: Alex Borstein

Context: what is this person's profession?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which films/tv shows has she acted in?

Context: what is the name of the character she played in that series?

Context: Susie Myerson

Question: what role did this character portray?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Alex Borstein [SEP] Introduction


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Context: He is a television writer and producer.

Context: Yes, "Out of This World"

Context: Alex Borstein

Context: what is this person's profession?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which films/tv shows has she acted in?

Context: Susie Myerson

Context: what role did this character portray?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the main storyline of this series?

Answer: It is about Miriam "Midge" Maisel, a housewife in late 1950s and early 1960s New York City who discovers she has a knack for stand-up comedy and pursues a career in it.

Explanation: The series stars Rachel Brosnahan as Miriam "Midge" Maisel, a housewife in late 1950s and early 1960s New York City who discovers she has a knack for stand-up comedy and pursues a career in it.


Context: family guy the bird is the word episode

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed this episode?

Context: Mike Kim

Context: what is the storyline of this?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Brian Scully

Context: He is a television writer and producer.

Context: Yes, "Out of This World"

Context: Alex Borstein

Context: what is this person's profession?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which films/tv shows has she acted in?

Context: Susie Myerson

Context: what role did this character portray?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the main storyline of this series?

Context: It is about Miriam "Midge" Maisel, a housewife in late 1950s and early 1960s New York City who discovers she has a knack for stand-up comedy and pursues a career in it.

Question: which actress plays the role of this title character?

Answer: Rachel Brosnahan

Explanation: The series stars Rachel Brosnahan as Miriam "Midge" Maisel


Question: sad anime movies like hotarubi no mori e

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Introduction

A 44-minute anime film with the same title was produced in 2011 at the anime studio Brain's Base and directed by Takahiro Omori. The film starred Japanese voice actors Ayane Sakura and Kōki Uchiyama, and its soundtrack included music by Makoto Yoshimori. The film maintained a strong following for months in Japan after its opening on . The European premiere of "Hotarubi no Mori e" was on at the Scotland Loves Animation festival, where it won the Jury Prize. It was screened at the Leeds International Film Festival, Anime Contents Expo and Anime Expo convention, and also won the Animation Film Award at the 66th Annual Mainichi Film Awards.


Context: sad anime movies like hotarubi no mori e

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Answer: A 44-minute anime film

Explanation: A 44-minute anime film

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Question: when was it released?

Answer: 17 September, 2011

Explanation: Japan on

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Introduction

The anime was released on Blu-ray Disc (BD) and DVD in Japan on . An additional story related to the original manga and anime film, titled , was released in a keepsake edition of the manga 12 days prior to the release of the anime. Both the keepsake edition manga and the limited edition BD ranked No. 13 on Japan's Oricon sales chart shortly after their release. Sakura reported experiencing a strong emotional reaction to the story while recording the voice of Hotaru, and Midorikawa acknowledged that the story had a positive impact on her career. Reviewers universally praised the anime film for its beauty, simplicity, and tenderness, likening it to the works of Hayao Miyazaki of Studio Ghibli and Makoto Shinkai.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Context: when was it released?

Context: 17 September, 2011

Question: who is the producer of this film?

Answer: Brain's Base

Explanation: Brain's Base

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Context: when was it released?

Context: 17 September, 2011

Context: who is the producer of this film?

Context: Brain's Base

Question: what is story about?

Answer: The film tells the story of a six-year-old girl named Hotaru Takegawa, who gets lost in a forest inhabited by a "yamagami", or mountain spirit, as well as "yōkai"

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Plot

The original "Hotarubi no Mori e" "shōjo" manga and subsequent film tell the story of a six-year-old girl named Hotaru Takegawa, who gets lost in a forest inhabited by a "yamagami", or mountain spirit, as well as "yōkai" (strange apparitions from Japanese folklore). She is found by a mask-wearing, human-like entity named Gin, who informs Hotaru that he will disappear forever if he is touched by a human. Gin then leads Hotaru out of the forest. Hotaru returns to visit Gin in the forest over the next few days and they become friends despite the limitations on their interactions. Although at summer's end she must leave Gin to return to the city and her studies, Hotaru promises to return to visit him every summer holiday.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Context: when was it released?

Context: 17 September, 2011

Context: who is the producer of this film?

Context: Brain's Base

Context: what is story about?

Context: The film tells the story of a six-year-old girl named Hotaru Takegawa, who gets lost in a forest inhabited by a "yamagami", or mountain spirit, as well as "yōkai"

Question: how did the last one mentioned originate?

Answer: In the Edo period, many artists invented new form of "supernatural or unaccountable phenomena" by taking inspiration from folk tales or purely from their own imagination.

Yōkai [SEP] Introduction

Japanese folklorists and historians explain as personifications of "supernatural or unaccountable phenomena to their informants." In the Edo period, many artists, such as , invented new by taking inspiration from folk tales or purely from their own imagination. Today, several such (such as the ) are mistaken to originate in more traditional folklore.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Context: when was it released?

Context: 17 September, 2011

Context: who is the producer of this film?

Context: Brain's Base

Context: what is story about?

Context: how did the last one mentioned originate?

Context: In the Edo period, many artists invented new form of "supernatural or unaccountable phenomena" by taking inspiration from folk tales or purely from their own imagination.

Question: can you name some of its types?

Answer: In folklorist categorisations, are classified, similarly to the nymphs of Greek mythology, by their location or the phenomena associated

Yōkai [SEP] Types

The folklorist studied the literature and paintings depicting and (lit., "changed things/mutants"), dividing them into categories as presented in the and the : In other folklorist categorisations, are classified, similarly to the nymphs of Greek mythology, by their location or the phenomena associated with their manifestation. are indexed in the book as follows:


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Context: when was it released?

Context: 17 September, 2011

Context: who is the producer of this film?

Context: Brain's Base

Context: what is story about?

Context: can you name some of its types?

Context: In folklorist categorisations, are classified, similarly to the nymphs of Greek mythology, by their location or the phenomena associated

Question: was this film adapted into a comic book?

Answer: Yes, it was first reprinted on in the "tankōbon" entitled "Hotarubi no Mori e

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Manga

The manga was first published in the issue of Hakusensha's "LaLa DX" in Japan. It was first reprinted on in the "tankōbon" entitled "Hotarubi no Mori e", which included four previously published romantic one-shot stories by Yuki Midorikawa. In addition to the titular short story, the book included "Hanauta Nagaruru" (April 2003), "Kurukuru Ochiba" (November 2002), and "Hibi Fukaku" (January 2003). As part of the 2003 "tankōbon" short story collection, each of the four one-shot stories were set in a different season: "Hanauta Nagaruru" in spring, "Hotarubi no Mori e" in summer, "Kurukuru Ochiba" in fall, and "Hibi Fukaku" in winter.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Context: when was it released?

Context: 17 September, 2011

Context: who is the producer of this film?

Context: Brain's Base

Context: what is story about?

Context: can you name some of its types?

Context: was this film adapted into a comic book?

Context: Yes, it was first reprinted on in the "tankōbon" entitled "Hotarubi no Mori e

Question: who designed the anime for this movie?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Manga


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Context: when was it released?

Context: 17 September, 2011

Context: who is the producer of this film?

Context: Brain's Base

Context: what is story about?

Context: can you name some of its types?

Context: who designed the anime for this movie?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you name some characters from this film?

Answer: Hotaru Takegawa, Gin, "yōkai" and a spirit named Matsumino

Explanation: "yōkai" and a spirit named Matsumino,

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Plot

After discussing ways to preserve the persimmon with the "yōkai" and a spirit named Matsumino, Gin sets off to find ice on the highest mountain peak, but is disappointed to find none during the summer. When Gin returns scratched up from his fruitless search for ice, Matsumino feels sorry for him and offers to deliver the persimmon to Hotaru for him. However, not knowing where she lives, Matsumino gets lost and grows hungry. After he returns from his unsuccessful attempt to find Hotaru, Matsumino apologizes to Gin for eating the persimmon and Gin forgives him. The story concludes with Gin seeing Hotaru the following summer and wondering if he will be able to tell her about his feelings for her.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Context: when was it released?

Context: 17 September, 2011

Context: who is the producer of this film?

Context: Brain's Base

Context: what is story about?

Context: can you name some of its types?

Context: who designed the anime for this movie?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you name some characters from this film?

Context: Hotaru Takegawa, Gin, "yōkai" and a spirit named Matsumino

Question: which country does this film belong to?

Answer: Japan

Explanation: Japan

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Context: when was it released?

Context: 17 September, 2011

Context: who is the producer of this film?

Context: Brain's Base

Context: what is story about?

Context: can you name some of its types?

Context: who designed the anime for this movie?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which country does this film belong to?

Context: Japan

Question: where is this place located?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Context: when was it released?

Context: 17 September, 2011

Context: who is the producer of this film?

Context: Brain's Base

Context: what is story about?

Context: can you name some of its types?

Context: who designed the anime for this movie?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which country does this film belong to?

Context: Japan

Context: where is this place located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who did the music score for this film?

Answer: Makoto Yoshimori

Explanation: Makoto Yoshimori.

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is hotarubi no mori e?

Context: A 44-minute anime film

Context: when was it released?

Context: 17 September, 2011

Context: who is the producer of this film?

Context: Brain's Base

Context: what is story about?

Context: can you name some of its types?

Context: who designed the anime for this movie?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which country does this film belong to?

Context: Japan

Context: where is this place located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who did the music score for this film?

Context: Makoto Yoshimori

Question: what kind of reviews did this film receive?

Answer: In Japan, the anime was considered a hit, attracting many fans at each screening in Tokyo for several months. Following its European premiere at the Scotland Loves Animation festival in Glasgow

Hotarubi no Mori e [SEP] Reception

The keepsake edition manga, "Aizoban Hotarubi no Mori e" by Midorikawa, ranked No. 13 on Japan's Oricon comic sales chart during , with 40,641 copies sold during its first week. In Japan, the anime was considered a hit, attracting many fans at each screening in Tokyo for several months. Following its European premiere at the Scotland Loves Animation festival in Glasgow, "Hotarubi no Mori e" was awarded the Jury Award. In , it won the Animation Film Award at the 66th Annual Mainichi Film Awards and received at the awards ceremony held on in Kawasaki, Japan. The limited edition Blu-ray Disc also ranked No.


Question: what were some features of ancient egyptian temples

Answer: Cavetto cornices at the tops of walls were made to imitate rows of palm fronds placed atop archaic walls, and the batter of exterior walls, while partly meant to ensure stability, was also a holdover from archaic building methods and temple ground plans usually centered on an axis running on a slight incline from the sanctuary down to the temple entrance

Egyptian temple [SEP] Design and decoration

Like all ancient Egyptian architecture, Egyptian temple designs emphasized order, symmetry, and monumentality and combined geometric shapes with stylized organic motifs. Elements of temple design also alluded to the form of the earliest Egyptian buildings. Cavetto cornices at the tops of walls, for instance, were made to imitate rows of palm fronds placed atop archaic walls, and the batter of exterior walls, while partly meant to ensure stability, was also a holdover from archaic building methods. Temple ground plans usually centered on an axis running on a slight incline from the sanctuary down to the temple entrance. In the fully developed pattern used in the New Kingdom and later, the path used for festival processions—a broad avenue punctuated with large doors—served as this central axis.


Context: what were some features of ancient egyptian temples

Context: Cavetto cornices at the tops of walls were made to imitate rows of palm fronds placed atop archaic walls, and the batter of exterior walls, while partly meant to ensure stability, was also a holdover from archaic building methods and temple ground plans usually centered on an axis running on a slight incline from the sanctuary down to the temple entrance

Question: why were they built?

Answer: For the official worship of the gods and in commemoration of the pharaohs

Egyptian temple [SEP] Introduction

Egyptian temples were built for the official worship of the gods and in commemoration of the pharaohs in ancient Egypt and regions under Egyptian control. Temples were seen as houses for the gods or kings to whom they were dedicated. Within them, the Egyptians performed a variety of rituals, the central functions of Egyptian religion: giving offerings to the gods, reenacting their mythological interactions through festivals, and warding off the forces of chaos. These rituals were seen as necessary for the gods to continue to uphold "maat", the divine order of the universe. Housing and caring for the gods were the obligations of pharaohs, who therefore dedicated prodigious resources to temple construction and maintenance.


Context: why were they built?

Context: For the official worship of the gods and in commemoration of the pharaohs

Question: what can you tell me about its structure?

Answer: The most important part of the temple was the sanctuary, which typically contained a cult image, a statue of its god

Egyptian temple [SEP] Introduction

Out of necessity, pharaohs delegated most of their ritual duties to a host of priests, but most of the populace was excluded from direct participation in ceremonies and forbidden to enter a temple's most sacred areas. Nevertheless, a temple was an important religious site for all classes of Egyptians, who went there to pray, give offerings, and seek oracular guidance from the god dwelling within. The most important part of the temple was the sanctuary, which typically contained a cult image, a statue of its god. The rooms outside the sanctuary grew larger and more elaborate over time, so that temples evolved from small shrines in late Prehistoric Egypt (late fourth millennium BC) to large stone edifices in the New Kingdom (c.


Context: why were they built?

Context: what can you tell me about its structure?

Context: The most important part of the temple was the sanctuary, which typically contained a cult image, a statue of its god

Question: can you tell me more about the former part?

Answer: A sanctuary, in its original meaning, is a sacred place, such as a shrine and by the use of such places as a haven, by extension the term has come to be used for any place of safety

Sanctuary [SEP] Introduction

A sanctuary, in its original meaning, is a sacred place, such as a shrine. By the use of such places as a haven, by extension the term has come to be used for any place of safety. This secondary use can be categorized into human sanctuary, a safe place for humans, such as a political sanctuary; and non-human sanctuary, such as an animal or plant sanctuary.


Context: why were they built?

Context: can you tell me more about the former part?

Context: A sanctuary, in its original meaning, is a sacred place, such as a shrine and by the use of such places as a haven, by extension the term has come to be used for any place of safety

Question: what is its role as a sacred place?

Answer: In Europe, Christian churches were sometimes built on land considered to be a particularly holy spot, perhaps where a miracle or martyrdom was believed to have taken place or where a holy person was buried and therefore the church built there, was considered to have been sanctified (made holy) by what happened there

Sanctuary [SEP] Sanctuary as a sacred place

In Europe, Christian churches were sometimes built on land considered to be a particularly holy spot, perhaps where a miracle or martyrdom was believed to have taken place or where a holy person was buried. Examples are St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and St. Albans Cathedral in England, which commemorate the martyrdom of Saint Peter (the first Pope) and Saint Alban (the first Christian martyr in Britain), respectively. The place, and therefore the church built there, was considered to have been sanctified (made holy) by what happened there. In modern times, the Catholic Church has continued this practice by placing in the altar of each church, when it is consecrated for use, a box (the "sepulcrum") containing relics of a saint.


Context: why were they built?

Context: what is its role as a sacred place?

Context: In Europe, Christian churches were sometimes built on land considered to be a particularly holy spot, perhaps where a miracle or martyrdom was believed to have taken place or where a holy person was buried and therefore the church built there, was considered to have been sanctified (made holy) by what happened there

Question: what are the daily rituals taking place in the temple?

Answer: The daily rituals in most temples included two sequences of offering rites: one to clean and dress the god for the day, and one to present it with a meal

Egyptian temple [SEP] Daily rituals

The daily rituals in most temples included two sequences of offering rites: one to clean and dress the god for the day, and one to present it with a meal. The exact order of events in these rituals is uncertain and may have varied somewhat each time they were performed. In addition, the two sequences probably overlapped with each other. At sunrise, the officiating priest entered the sanctuary, carrying a candle to light the room. He opened the doors of the shrine and prostrated himself before the god's image, reciting hymns in its praise. He removed the god from the shrine, clothed it (replacing the clothes of the previous day), and anointed it with oil and paint.


Context: why were they built?

Context: what is its role as a sacred place?

Context: what are the daily rituals taking place in the temple?

Context: The daily rituals in most temples included two sequences of offering rites: one to clean and dress the god for the day, and one to present it with a meal

Question: what are some of the sacred animals?

Answer: Apis, a sacred bull and the falcon

Egyptian temple [SEP] Sacred animals

Some temples kept sacred animals, which were believed to be manifestations of the temple god's "ba" in the same way that cult images were. Each of these sacred animals was kept in the temple and worshipped for a certain length of time, ranging from a year to the lifetime of the animal. At the end of that time, it was replaced with a new animal of the same species, which was selected by a divine oracle or based on specific markings that were supposed to indicate its sacred nature. Among the most prominent of these animals were the Apis, a sacred bull worshipped as a manifestation of the Memphite god Ptah, and the falcon at Edfu who represented the falcon god Horus.


Context: why were they built?

Context: what is its role as a sacred place?

Context: what are some of the sacred animals?

Context: Apis, a sacred bull and the falcon

Question: why are they considered sacred?

Answer: Apis was worshipped as a manifestation of the Memphite god Ptah, and the falcon at Edfu represented the falcon god Horus

Egyptian temple [SEP] Sacred animals

During the Late Period, a different form of worship involving animals developed. In this case, laymen paid the priests to kill, mummify, and bury an animal of a particular species as an offering to a god. These animals were not regarded as especially sacred, but as a species, they were associated with the god because it was depicted in the form of that animal. The god Thoth, for instance, could be depicted as an ibis and as a baboon, and both ibises and baboons were given to him. Although this practice was distinct from the worship of single divine representatives, some temples kept stocks of animals that could be selected for either purpose.


Context: why were they built?

Context: what is its role as a sacred place?

Context: what are some of the sacred animals?

Context: Apis, a sacred bull and the falcon

Context: why are they considered sacred?

Context: Apis was worshipped as a manifestation of the Memphite god Ptah, and the falcon at Edfu represented the falcon god Horus

Question: what is the role of oracles in the temple?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Egyptian temple [SEP] Sacred animals


Context: why were they built?

Context: what is its role as a sacred place?

Context: what are some of the sacred animals?

Context: Apis, a sacred bull and the falcon

Context: why are they considered sacred?

Context: what is the role of oracles in the temple?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how are the temples decorated?

Answer: With reliefs and free-standing sculpture, all with religious significance

Egyptian temple [SEP] Decoration

The temple building was elaborately decorated with reliefs and free-standing sculpture, all with religious significance. As with the cult statue, the gods were believed to be present in these images, suffusing the temple with sacred power. Symbols of places in Egypt or parts of the cosmos enhanced the mythical geography already present in the temple's architecture. Images of rituals served to reinforce the rituals' magical effect and to perpetuate that effect even if the rituals ceased to be performed. Because of their religious nature, these decorations showed an idealized version of reality, emblematic of the temple's purpose rather than real events.


Context: why were they built?

Context: what is its role as a sacred place?

Context: what are some of the sacred animals?

Context: Apis, a sacred bull and the falcon

Context: why are they considered sacred?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the temples decorated?

Context: With reliefs and free-standing sculpture, all with religious significance

Question: what can you tell me about the aforesaid second important part of the temple?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Cult image [SEP] Introduction

In the practice of religion, a cult image or devotional image is a human-made object that is venerated or worshipped for the deity, person, spirit or daemon (not to be confused with demon) that it embodies or represents. In several traditions, including the ancient religions of Egypt, Greece and Rome, and modern Hinduism, cult images in a temple may undergo a daily routine of being washed, dressed, and having food left for them. Processions outside the temple on special feast days are often a feature. Religious images cover a wider range of all types of images made with a religious purpose, subject, or connection.


Question: where is oregon caves national monument and preserve located?

Answer: A protected area in the northern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon in the United States.

Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve [SEP] Introduction

Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve is a protected area in the northern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon in the United States. The 4,554-acre (1,843 ha) park, including the marble cave, is 20 miles (32 km) east of Cave Junction, on Oregon Route 46. The protected area, managed by the National Park Service (NPS), is in southwestern Josephine County, near the Oregon–California border. Elijah Davidson, a resident of nearby Williams, discovered the cave in 1874. Over the next two decades, private investors failed in efforts to run successful tourist ventures at the publicly owned site. After passage of the Antiquities Act by the United States Congress, in 1909 President William Howard Taft established Oregon Caves National Monument, to be managed by the United States Forest Service (USFS).


Context: where is oregon caves national monument and preserve located?

Context: A protected area in the northern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon in the United States.

Question: which all animals can we see here?

Answer: Black bear, cougar, northern flying squirrel, and Pacific giant salamander

Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve [SEP] Flora and fauna

Of these species, 160 are found inside the cave. Outside the cave, the black-tailed deer, Steller's jay, the common raven, and Townsend's chipmunk are among animals often seen in the park. Less commonly sighted are the black bear, cougar, northern flying squirrel, and Pacific giant salamander. Springs and other wet places support flatworms, frogs, and snails. Animal species in the park with special conservation status are the northern spotted owl, California mountain kingsnake, tailed frog, Del Norte salamander, northern goshawk, olive-sided flycatcher, little willow flycatcher, Siskiyou gazelle beetle, and Pacific fisher. Five at-risk bat species are found in the cave: Townsend's big-eared bat, and the long-eared, fringed, long-legged, and Yuma myotis.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: Black bear, cougar, northern flying squirrel, and Pacific giant salamander

Question: what sort of place does the third one select to live in?

Answer: Coniferous and mixed coniferous forests across the top of North America, from Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee and west to Utah, Washington and Oregon.

Northern flying squirrel [SEP] Habitat and range

The northern flying squirrel is found in coniferous and mixed coniferous forests across the top of North America, from Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee and west to Utah, Washington and Oregon. The Humboldt's flying squirrel was formerly considered conspecific, but was found to be a cryptic species, and now considered distinct. They are generally smaller and darker than northern flying squirrels. Two subspecies are found in the southern Appalachians, the Carolina northern flying squirrel, "G. s. coloratus", and the West Virginia northern flying squirrel "G. s. fuscus", both of which are endangered, although the West Virginia subspecies has recovered enough that it was delisted in August 2008.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what sort of place does the third one select to live in?

Context: Coniferous and mixed coniferous forests across the top of North America, from Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee and west to Utah, Washington and Oregon.

Question: what do they feed on?

Answer: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Northern flying squirrel [SEP] Diet

A major food source for the squirrels are fungi of various species, although they also eat lichens, mushrooms, all mast-crop nuts, tree sap, insects, carrion, bird eggs and nestlings, buds and flowers. The squirrels are able to locate truffles by olfaction, though they also seem to use cues such as the presence of coarse woody debris, indicating a decaying log, and spatial memory of locations where truffles were found in the past. The northern flying squirrel is also known to cache food for when food supplies are lower. These caches can be in cavities in trees, as well as in the squirrels' nest.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Question: who predates them?

Answer: The spotted owl, the great horned owl, the Canadian lynx

Explanation: Northern flying squirrels, along with pine squirrels, are an important prey species for the spotted owl ("Strix occidentalis") and eastern screech owl ("Megascops asio"). Other predators include various other large birds, especially the great horned owl and hawks, as well as mammals including the American marten, the Canadian lynx, the red fox, and the domestic cat.

Northern flying squirrel [SEP] Predation


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: The spotted owl, the great horned owl, the Canadian lynx

Question: how big is the first one?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: how big is the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how long do they live?

Answer: 16 or 17 years

Spotted owl [SEP] Lifespan and mortality

Spotted owls are long-lived, and maximum ages of 16 or 17 years have been documented in the northern subspecies. Average annual survival rate is usually in excess of 80% for adults, although considerably lower for juveniles, with an average annual survival rate of 21-29%. In New Mexico, the survival rate for fledgling Mexican spotted owls can be as low as 11%. The most common causes of mortality are predation, starvation, and possibly disease. Various birds and mammals, such as the fisher ("Martes pennanti"), are among the predators of eggs and young spotted owls. Northern goshawks ("Accipiter gentilis") and crows may prey on juvenile spotted owls, while great horned owls ("Bubo virginianus"), red-tailed hawks ("Buteo jamaicensis"), and golden eagles ("Aquila chrysaetos") are likely predators of both juveniles and adults.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: how big is the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how long do they live?

Context: 16 or 17 years

Question: is there any need for it to be conserved?

Answer: Yes, IUCN Red List status for the spotted owl is near threatened with a decreasing population trend.

Spotted owl [SEP] Conservation

IUCN Red List status for the spotted owl is near threatened with a decreasing population trend. Many studies assessing the species' population trend have found populations to be in decline. Habitat loss due to timber harvesting is generally recognized as the main threat. One study reports that competition with the barred owl may also be a major contributor to the decline of spotted owls. Forest and spotted owl management documents often state that severe wildfire is a cause of recent declines in populations of Spotted Owls and that mixed‐severity fires (5–70% of burned area in high‐severity patches with >75% mortality of dominant vegetation) pose a primary threat to Spotted Owl population viability, but a systematic review and meta-analysis found fires created more benefits than costs for spotted owls.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: how big is the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how long do they live?

Context: 16 or 17 years

Context: is there any need for it to be conserved?

Context: Yes, IUCN Red List status for the spotted owl is near threatened with a decreasing population trend.

Question: what are the measures taken?

Answer: A provision of the Endangered Species Act, has been invoked to decide whether or not to open up more federal forest for commercial logging.

Spotted owl [SEP] Conservation

The northern spotted owl and Mexican spotted owl subspecies are listed as threatened in the United States under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The California spotted owl is not considered to be threatened nor endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). However, it is a species of special concern by the state of California and the United States Forest Service. The northern spotted owl was one of a few cases where the "God committee", a provision of the Endangered Species Act, has been invoked to decide whether or not to open up more federal forest for commercial logging.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: how big is the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how long do they live?

Context: 16 or 17 years

Context: what are the measures taken?

Context: A provision of the Endangered Species Act, has been invoked to decide whether or not to open up more federal forest for commercial logging.

Question: which country do they belong to?

Answer: Western North America

Spotted owl [SEP] Introduction

The spotted owl ("Strix occidentalis") is a species of true owl. It is a resident species of old-growth forests in western North America, where it nests in tree hollows, old bird of prey nests, or rock crevices. Nests can be between high and usually contain two eggs (though some contain as many as four). It is a nocturnal owl which feeds on small mammals and birds. Three subspecies are recognized, ranging in distribution from British Columbia to Mexico. The spotted owl is under pressure from habitat destruction throughout its range, and is currently classified as a near-threatened species.