Context: map of tombs in valley of the kings

Context: who were these tombs built for?

Context: can you name some of the artefacts found inside these tombs?

Context: The royal tombs are decorated with scenes from Egyptian mythology and give clues as to the beliefs and funerary practices of the period. Almost all of the tombs seem to have been opened and robbed in antiquity, but they still give an idea of the opulence and power of the pharaohs.

Question: can you name some deities who feature in the mythology you just mentioned?

Answer: Ra,  Osiris, Isis, Horus,  Set.

Egyptian mythology [SEP] Introduction

Myths are set in these earliest times, and myth sets the pattern for the cycles of the present. Present events repeat the events of myth, and in doing so renew "maat", the fundamental order of the universe. Amongst the most important episodes from the mythic past are the creation myths, in which the gods form the universe out of primordial chaos; the stories of the reign of the sun god Ra upon the earth; and the Osiris myth, concerning the struggles of the gods Osiris, Isis, and Horus against the disruptive god Set. Events from the present that might be regarded as myths include Ra's daily journey through the world and its otherworldly counterpart, the Duat.


Context: map of tombs in valley of the kings

Context: In 1799, members of Napoleon's expedition to Egypt (especially Vivant Denon) drew maps and plans of the known tombs, and for the first time noted the Western Valley

Context: who were these tombs built for?

Context: For the pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom

Context: can you name some deities who feature in the mythology you just mentioned?

Context: Ra,  Osiris, Isis, Horus,  Set.

Question: do they appear in textual sources from that era?

Answer: Yes,  "Teaching for King Merykara", "Tale of the Two Brothers", "The Blinding of Truth by Falsehood"

Explanation: Themes and motifs from mythology appear frequently in Egyptian literature, even outside of religious writings. An early instruction text, the "Teaching for King Merykara" from the Middle Kingdom, contains a brief reference to a myth of some kind, possibly the Destruction of Mankind; the earliest known Egyptian short story, "Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor", incorporates ideas about the gods and the eventual dissolution of the world into a story set in the past. Some later stories take much of their plot from mythical events: "Tale of the Two Brothers" adapts parts of the Osiris myth into a fantastic story about ordinary people, and "The Blinding of Truth by Falsehood" transforms the conflict between Horus and Set into an allegory.

Egyptian mythology [SEP] In literature


Context: map of tombs in valley of the kings

Context: who were these tombs built for?

Context: Ra,  Osiris, Isis, Horus,  Set.

Context: do they appear in textual sources from that era?

Context: Yes,  "Teaching for King Merykara", "Tale of the Two Brothers", "The Blinding of Truth by Falsehood"

Question: when was the first one composed?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Teaching for King Merykara [SEP] Introduction

The Teaching for King Merykara, alt. Instruction Addressed to King Merikare, is a literary composition in Middle Egyptian, the classical phase of the Egyptian language, probably of Middle Kingdom date (2025–1700 BC). In this "sebayt" the author has a First Intermediate Period king of Egypt possibly named Kheti address his son, the future king Merykara, advising him on how to be a good king, and how to avoid evil. Merykara is the name of a king of the 9th or 10th Dynasty, the line or lines of kings who ruled northern Egypt during a period of division, the First Intermediate Period (about 2150–2025 BC).


Context: map of tombs in valley of the kings

Context: who were these tombs built for?

Context: Ra,  Osiris, Isis, Horus,  Set.

Context: when was the first one composed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the first deity you mentioned above a god of?

Answer: Ra is the ancient Egyptian deity of the sun portrayed as a falcon and shared characteristics with the sky god Horus.

Ra [SEP] Introduction

Ra (; or "rˤ;" also transliterated "rˤw" ; cuneiform: "ri-a" or "ri-ia") or Re (; , "Rē") is the ancient Egyptian deity of the sun. By the Fifth Dynasty in the 25th and 24th centuries BC, he had become one of the most important gods in ancient Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the noon sun. Ra was believed to rule in all parts of the created world: the sky, the Earth, and the underworld. He was the god of the sun, order, kings, and the sky. Ra was portrayed as a falcon and shared characteristics with the sky god Horus.


Context: map of tombs in valley of the kings

Context: who were these tombs built for?

Context: Ra,  Osiris, Isis, Horus,  Set.

Context: when was the first one composed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the first deity you mentioned above a god of?

Context: Ra is the ancient Egyptian deity of the sun portrayed as a falcon and shared characteristics with the sky god Horus.

Question: where was he primarily worshipped?

Answer: The chief cultic center of Ra was "Iunu" "the Place of Pillars", later known to the Ptolemaic Kingdom as Heliopolis (,  "Sun City") and today located in the suburbs of Cairo.

Explanation: The chief cultic center of Ra was "Iunu" "the Place of Pillars", later known to the Ptolemaic Kingdom as Heliopolis (,  "Sun City") and today located in the suburbs of Cairo.

Ra [SEP] Worship

By the Fourth Dynasty, pharaohs were seen as Ra's manifestations on earth, referred to as "Sons of Ra". His worship increased massively in the Fifth Dynasty, when Ra became a state deity and pharaohs had specially aligned pyramids, obelisks, and sun temples built in his honor. The rulers of the Fifth Dynasty told their followers that they were sons of Ra himself and the wife of the high priest of Heliopolis. These pharaohs spent much of Egypt's money on sun temples. The first Pyramid Texts began to arise, giving Ra more and more significance in the journey of the pharaoh through the Duat (underworld).


Context: map of tombs in valley of the kings

Context: who were these tombs built for?

Context: Ra,  Osiris, Isis, Horus,  Set.

Context: when was the first one composed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was he primarily worshipped?

Question: is the pillar you are talking about still standing?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Ra [SEP] Worship

The chief cultic center of Ra was "Iunu" "the Place of Pillars", later known to the Ptolemaic Kingdom as Heliopolis (, "Sun City") and today located in the suburbs of Cairo. He was identified with the local sun god Atum. As Atum or Atum-Ra, he was reckoned the first being and the originator of the Ennead ("The Nine"), consisting of Shu and Tefnut, Geb and Nut, Osiris, Set, Isis and Nephthys. The holiday of "The Receiving of Ra" was celebrated on May 26 in the Gregorian calendar. Ra's local cult began to grow from roughly the Second Dynasty, establishing him as a sun deity.


Context: map of tombs in valley of the kings

Context: who were these tombs built for?

Context: Ra,  Osiris, Isis, Horus,  Set.

Context: when was the first one composed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was he primarily worshipped?

Context: is the pillar you are talking about still standing?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who founded the kingdom you just mentioned?

Answer: Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great

Ptolemaic Kingdom [SEP] Introduction

The Ptolemaic Kingdom (; ) was an ancient Hellenistic state based in Egypt. It was founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great, and lasted until the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC. Ruling for nearly three centuries, the Ptolemies were the longest and final dynasty in ancient Egyptian history. Alexander the Great conquered Persian-controlled Egypt in 332 BC during his campaigns against the Achaemenid Empire. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, his empire quickly unraveled amid competing claims by the "diadochi", his closest friends and companions. Ptolemy, a Macedonian Greek who was one of Alexander's most trusted generals and confidants, won control of Egypt from his rivals and declared himself pharaoh.


Context: map of tombs in valley of the kings

Context: who were these tombs built for?

Context: Ra,  Osiris, Isis, Horus,  Set.

Context: when was the first one composed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was he primarily worshipped?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who founded the kingdom you just mentioned?

Context: Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great

Question: and how long did it last?

Answer: Ruling for nearly three centuries, the Ptolemies were the longest and final dynasty in ancient Egyptian history. It lasted until the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC.

Explanation: lasted until the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC. Ruling for nearly three centuries, the Ptolemies were the longest and final dynasty in ancient Egyptian history.

Ptolemaic Kingdom [SEP] Introduction


Context: map of tombs in valley of the kings

Context: who were these tombs built for?

Context: Ra,  Osiris, Isis, Horus,  Set.

Context: when was the first one composed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was he primarily worshipped?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and how long did it last?

Context: Ruling for nearly three centuries, the Ptolemies were the longest and final dynasty in ancient Egyptian history. It lasted until the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC.

Question: what kind of currency did they use?

Answer: Ptolemaic Egypt produced extensive series of coinage in gold, silver and bronze. These included issues of large coins in all three metals, most notably gold "pentadrachm" and "octadrachm", and silver "tetradrachm", "decadrachm" and "pentakaidecadrachm".

Explanation: Ptolemaic Egypt produced extensive series of coinage in gold, silver and bronze. These included issues of large coins in all three metals, most notably gold "pentadrachm" and "octadrachm", and silver "tetradrachm", "decadrachm" and "pentakaidecadrachm".

Ptolemaic Kingdom [SEP] Coinage


Context: map of tombs in valley of the kings

Context: who were these tombs built for?

Context: Ra,  Osiris, Isis, Horus,  Set.

Context: when was the first one composed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was he primarily worshipped?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and how long did it last?

Context: what kind of currency did they use?

Context: Ptolemaic Egypt produced extensive series of coinage in gold, silver and bronze. These included issues of large coins in all three metals, most notably gold "pentadrachm" and "octadrachm", and silver "tetradrachm", "decadrachm" and "pentakaidecadrachm".

Question: name some of the cities that thrived during this period?

Answer: The Ptolemaic Dynasty built many Greek settlements throughout their Empire, to either Hellenize new conquered peoples or reinforce the area: Alexandria, Naucratis, and Ptolemais.

Ptolemaic Kingdom [SEP] Cities

While ruling Egypt, the Ptolemaic Dynasty built many Greek settlements throughout their Empire, to either Hellenize new conquered peoples or reinforce the area. Egypt had only three main Greek cities—Alexandria, Naucratis, and Ptolemais.


Question: what was the impact of the seneca falls convention of 1848

Answer: It was soon followed by other women's rights conventions

Seneca Falls Convention [SEP] Introduction

The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". Held in the Wesleyan Chapel of the town of Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848. Attracting widespread attention, it was soon followed by other women's rights conventions, including the Rochester Women's Rights Convention in Rochester, New York, two weeks later. In 1850 the first in a series of annual National Women's Rights Conventions met in Worcester, Massachusetts. Female Quakers local to the area organized the meeting along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who was not a Quaker.


Context: what was the impact of the seneca falls convention of 1848

Context: It was soon followed by other women's rights conventions

Question: what is seneca falls convention all about?

Answer: It was the first women's rights convention "to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman"

Explanation: The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman".


Context: what is seneca falls convention all about?

Context: It was the first women's rights convention "to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman"

Question: where was this convection held?

Answer: Wesleyan Chapel of the town of Seneca Falls, New York

Explanation: Held in the Wesleyan Chapel of the town of Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848.


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: Wesleyan Chapel of the town of Seneca Falls, New York

Question: what are the names of the women involved in this convention?

Answer: Female Quakers, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Frederick Douglass

Explanation:
Female Quakers local to the area organized the meeting along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who was not a Quaker. They planned the event during a visit to the area by Philadelphia-based Lucretia Mott. Mott, a Quaker, was famous for her oratorical ability, which was rare for non-Quaker women during an era in which women were often not allowed to speak in public.

The meeting comprised six sessions including a lecture on law, a humorous presentation, and multiple discussions about the role of women in society. Stanton and the Quaker women presented two prepared documents, the Declaration of Sentiments and an accompanying list of resolutions, to be debated and modified before being put forward for signatures. A heated debate sprang up regarding women's right to vote, with many – including Mott – urging the removal of this concept, but Frederick Douglass, who was the convention's sole African American attendee, argued eloquently for its inclusion, and the suffrage resolution was retained. Ex


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: what are the names of the women involved in this convention?

Context: Female Quakers, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Frederick Douglass

Question: when did this convention take place?

Answer: July 19–20, 1848


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Question: were there any resolutions provided?

Answer: Yes

Seneca Falls Convention [SEP] Declaration, grievances, resolutions

At their home in Waterloo on Sunday, July 16, the M'Clintocks hosted a smaller planning session for the convention. Mary Ann M'Clintock and her eldest daughters, Elizabeth and Mary Ann, Jr., discussed with Stanton the makeup of the resolutions that would be presented to the convention for approval. Each woman made certain her concerns were appropriately represented among the ten resolutions that they composed. Taken together, the resolutions demanded that women should have equality in the family, education, jobs, religion, and morals. One of the M'Clintock women selected the Declaration of Independence from 1776 as a model for the declaration they wanted to make at their convention.


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Question: were there any further conventions after that?

Answer: Yes, Rochester Women's Rights Convention

Explanation: Because of the fame and drawing power of Lucretia Mott, who would not be staying in the Upstate New York area for much longer, some of the participants at Seneca Falls organized the Rochester Women's Rights Convention two weeks later in Rochester, New York with Lucretia Mott as its featured speaker. Unlike the Seneca Falls convention, the Rochester convention took the controversial step of electing a woman, Abigail Bush, as its presiding officer. In the next two years, "the infancy ... of the movement", other local and state women's rights conventions were called in Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania.

Seneca Falls Convention [SEP] Further conventions

Signers of the Declaration of Sentiments hoped for "a series of Conventions, embracing every part of the country" to follow their own meeting. Because of the fame and drawing power of Lucretia Mott, who would not be staying in the Upstate New York area for much longer, some of the participants at Seneca Falls organized the Rochester Women's Rights Convention two weeks later in Rochester, New York with Lucretia Mott as its featured speaker. Unlike the Seneca Falls convention, the Rochester convention took the controversial step of electing a woman, Abigail Bush, as its presiding officer. In the next two years, "the infancy ...


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Context: were there any further conventions after that?

Context: Yes, Rochester Women's Rights Convention

Question: when was this held?

Answer: August 2, 1848

Rochester Women's Rights Convention of 1848 [SEP] Introduction

The Rochester Women's Rights Convention of 1848 met on August 2, 1848 in Rochester, New York. Many of its organizers had participated in the Seneca Falls Convention, the first women's rights convention, two weeks earlier in Seneca Falls, a smaller town not far away. The Rochester convention elected a woman, Abigail Bush, as its presiding officer, making it the first public meeting composed of both men and women in the U.S. to do so. This controversial step was opposed even by some of the meeting's leading participants. The convention approved the Declaration of Sentiments that had first been introduced at the Seneca Falls Convention, including the controversial call for women's right to vote.


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Context: when was this held?

Context: August 2, 1848

Question: where was it held?

Answer: Rochester, New York

Rochester Women's Rights Convention of 1848


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Context: when was this held?

Context: August 2, 1848

Context: where was it held?

Context: Rochester, New York

Question: what are the names of the women involved in this convention?

Answer: Abigail Bush

Rochester Women's Rights Convention of 1848

Explanation:
The Rochester convention elected a woman, Abigail Bush, as its presiding officer, making it the first public meeting composed of both men and women in the U.S. to do so. This controversial step was opposed even by some of the meeting's leading participants. The convention approved the Declaration of Sentiments that had first been introduced at the Seneca Falls Convention, including the controversial call for women's right to vote. It also discussed the rights of working women and took steps that led to the formation of a local organization to support those rights.

Many of the organizers of the convention were part of a group of Quaker dissidents who had begun to associate with the First Unitarian Church of Rochester, the site of the convention. This group included the family of Daniel and Lucy Anthony, whose daughter, Susan B. Anthony, later became the most prominent national leader of the women's suffrage movement.


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Context: when was this held?

Context: August 2, 1848

Context: where was it held?

Context: Rochester, New York

Context: Abigail Bush

Question: who is this person?

Answer: An abolitionist and women's rights activist

Abigail Bush [SEP] Introduction

Abigail Norton Bush (March 19, 1810 – December 10, 1898) was an abolitionist and women's rights activist in Rochester, New York. She served as president of the Rochester Women's Rights Convention, which was held in 1848 immediately after the first women's rights convention, the Seneca Falls Convention. By doing so, Bush became the first woman to preside over a public meeting composed of both men and women in the U.S.


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Context: when was this held?

Context: August 2, 1848

Context: where was it held?

Context: Rochester, New York

Context: Abigail Bush

Context: who is this person?

Context: An abolitionist and women's rights activist

Question: who was she married to?

Answer: Henry Bush

Abigail Bush [SEP] Marriage and family

Abigail Norton married Henry Bush, the brother of Obadiah Bush (great-great grandfather of President George H.W. Bush) in 1833. Henry and his brother were stove manufacturers and radical abolitionists. Within five years, Abigail Bush's name stopped appearing in association with Brick Church activities. Over the next thirteen years, Bush went through childbirth six times, with four children living past infancy. In a split among abolitionists in 1840, Henry Bush chose to remain with the American Anti-Slavery Society, the faction which accepted women as active members. Abigail Bush grew more sympathetic to radical reform and come-outerism, and withdrew in 1843 from the Brick Church to become active in the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society.


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Context: when was this held?

Context: August 2, 1848

Context: where was it held?

Context: Rochester, New York

Context: Abigail Bush

Context: who is this person?

Context: who was she married to?

Context: Henry Bush

Question: what was her role in the convention she was involved?

Answer: She served as its president

Explanation: She served as president of the Rochester Women's Rights Convention, which was held in 1848 immediately after the first women's rights convention, the Seneca Falls Convention.

Abigail Bush [SEP] Introduction


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Context: when was this held?

Context: August 2, 1848

Context: where was it held?

Context: Rochester, New York

Context: Abigail Bush

Context: who is this person?

Context: who was she married to?

Context: Henry Bush

Context: what was her role in the convention she was involved?

Context: She served as its president

Question: what did she do later on, after her participation in the convention?

Answer: Served to fulfill the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society's tenet of equal social participation of women

Abigail Bush [SEP] Afterward

In late December 1848, Bush was a member of the business committee of the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society. Her contribution, and that of two other Rochester women, served to fulfill the Society's tenet of equal social participation of women. In 1849 or 1850, Henry Bush, stung by years of business losses, headed west to seek his fortune in the California Gold Rush, and by the early 1850s, Abigail Bush joined him with their children. Little is known of her life from this time onward. In 1878, Bush sent a letter to the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) convention in Rochester congratulating the women's movement on the 30th anniversary of the Seneca Falls and Rochester conventions: "Say to your convention my full heart is with them in all their deliberations and counsels, and I trust great good to women will come of their efforts."


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Context: when was this held?

Context: August 2, 1848

Context: where was it held?

Context: Rochester, New York

Context: Abigail Bush

Context: who is this person?

Context: who was she married to?

Context: Henry Bush

Context: She served as its president

Context: what did she do later on, after her participation in the convention?

Context: Served to fulfill the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society's tenet of equal social participation of women

Question: who was the second woman who participated in the seneca meeting?

Answer: She was a leader of the women's rights movement in the U.S.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton [SEP] Introduction

Elizabeth Cady Stanton (November 12, 1815 – October 26, 1902) was a leader of the women's rights movement in the U.S. during the mid- to late-1800s. She was the main force behind the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention, the first convention to be called for the sole purpose of discussing women's rights, and was the primary author of its Declaration of Sentiments. Her demand for women's right to vote generated a controversy at the convention but quickly became a central tenant of the women's movement. She was also active in other social reform activities, especially abolitionism. In 1851, she met Susan B.


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Context: when was this held?

Context: August 2, 1848

Context: where was it held?

Context: Rochester, New York

Context: Abigail Bush

Context: who is this person?

Context: who was she married to?

Context: Henry Bush

Context: She served as its president

Context: who was the second woman who participated in the seneca meeting?

Context: She was a leader of the women's rights movement in the U.S.

Question: what are the names of the educational institutions that she attended?

Answer: Johnstown Academy and the Troy Female Seminary

Elizabeth Cady Stanton [SEP] Education and intellectual development

Stanton received a better education than most women of her era. She attended Johnstown Academy in her hometown until the age of 15. The only girl in its advanced classes in mathematics and languages, she won second prize in the school's Greek competition and became a skilled debater. She enjoyed her years at the school and said she did not encounter any barriers there because of her sex. She was made sharply aware of society's low expectations for women when Eleazar, her last surviving brother, died at the age of 20 just after graduating from Union College in Schenectady, New York.


Context: where was this convection held?

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Context: when was this held?

Context: August 2, 1848

Context: where was it held?

Context: Rochester, New York

Context: Abigail Bush

Context: who is this person?

Context: who was she married to?

Context: Henry Bush

Context: She served as its president

Context: what are the names of the educational institutions that she attended?

Context: Johnstown Academy and the Troy Female Seminary

Question: what are the disciplines she studied during her learning days?

Answer: Greek, mathematics, philosophy, are some of them

Her father and mother were incapacitated by grief. The ten-year-old Stanton tried to comfort her father, saying she would try to be all her brother had been. Her father said, "Oh my daughter, I wish you were a boy!" Stanton had many educational opportunities as a young child. Their neighbor, Reverend Simon Hosack, taught her Greek and mathematics. Edward Bayard, her brother-in-law and Eleazar's former classmate at Union College, taught her philosophy and horsemanship. Her father brought her law books to study so she could participate in debates with his law clerks at the dinner table. She wanted to go to college, but no colleges at that time accepted female students.


Context: what was the impact of the seneca falls convention of 1848

Context: It was soon followed by other women's rights conventions

Context: what is seneca falls convention all about?

Context: It was the first women's rights convention "to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman"

Context: where was this convection held?

Context: Wesleyan Chapel of the town of Seneca Falls, New York

Context: what are the names of the women involved in this convention?

Context: Female Quakers, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Frederick Douglass

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: July 19–20, 1848

Context: were there any resolutions provided?

Context: Yes

Context: were there any further conventions after that?

Context: Yes, Rochester Women's Rights Convention

Context: when was this held?

Context: August 2, 1848

Context: where was it held?

Context: Rochester, New York

Context: Abigail Bush

Context: who is this person?

Context: An abolitionist and women's rights activist

Context: who was she married to?

Context: Henry Bush

Context: what was her role in the convention she was involved?

Context: She served as its president

Context: what did she do later on, after her participation in the convention?

Context: Served to fulfill the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society's tenet of equal social participation of women

Context: who was the second woman who participated in the seneca meeting?

Context: She was a leader of the women's rights movement in the U.S.

Context: what are the names of the educational institutions that she attended?

Context: Johnstown Academy and the Troy Female Seminary

Context: what are the disciplines she studied during her learning days?

Context: Greek, mathematics, philosophy, are some of them

Question: how was she associated with 'the woman's bible'?

Answer: By Theodore Parker, who taught that in the "Bible" God need not be envisioned as a male, and that individual men and women had the ability to determine religious truth for themselves

Elizabeth Cady Stanton [SEP] "The Woman's Bible" and views on religion

Stanton said she had been terrified as a child by a minister's talk of damnation, but, after overcoming those fears with the help of her father and brother-in-law, had rejected that type of religion entirely. As an adult, her religious views continued to evolve. While living in Boston in the 1840s, she was attracted to the preaching of Theodore Parker, who, like her cousin Gerritt Smith, was a member of the Secret Six, a group of men who financed John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in an effort to spark an armed slave rebellion. Parker was a transcendentalist and a prominent Unitarian minister who taught that the "Bible" need not be taken literally, that God need not be envisioned as a male, and that individual men and women had the ability to determine religious truth for themselves.


Question: what is the atmosphere of the planet saturn

Answer: The outer atmosphere of Saturn contains 96.3% molecular hydrogen and 3.25% helium by volume

Saturn [SEP] Atmosphere

The outer atmosphere of Saturn contains 96.3% molecular hydrogen and 3.25% helium by volume. The proportion of helium is significantly deficient compared to the abundance of this element in the Sun. The quantity of elements heavier than helium (metallicity) is not known precisely, but the proportions are assumed to match the primordial abundances from the formation of the Solar System. The total mass of these heavier elements is estimated to be 19–31 times the mass of the Earth, with a significant fraction located in Saturn's core region. Trace amounts of ammonia, acetylene, ethane, propane, phosphine, and methane have been detected in Saturn's atmosphere.


Context: what is the atmosphere of the planet saturn

Context: The outer atmosphere of Saturn contains 96.3% molecular hydrogen and 3.25% helium by volume

Question: how are rings formed?

Answer: They are composed predominantly of water ice, with trace amounts of tholin impurities and a peppered coating of approximately 7% amorphous carbon

Explanation: They are composed predominantly of water ice, with trace amounts of tholin impurities and a peppered coating of approximately 7% amorphous carbon. The particles that make up the rings range in size from specks of dust up to 10 m. While the other gas giants also have ring systems, Saturn's is the largest and most visible.

Saturn [SEP] Planetary rings

The second hypothesis is that the rings are left over from the original nebular material from which Saturn was formed. Some ice in the E ring comes from the moon Enceladus's geysers. The water abundance of the rings varies radially, with the outermost ring A being the most pure in ice water. This abundance variance may be explained by meteor bombardment. Beyond the main rings, at a distance of 12 million km from the planet is the sparse Phoebe ring. It is tilted at an angle of 27° to the other rings and, like Phoebe, orbits in retrograde fashion.


Context: how are rings formed?

Context: They are composed predominantly of water ice, with trace amounts of tholin impurities and a peppered coating of approximately 7% amorphous carbon

Question: what are its physical characteristics?

Answer: It is a gas giant because it is predominantly composed of hydrogen and helium, it lacks a definite surface, though it may have a solid core, its rotation causes it to have the shape of an oblate spheroid; that is, it is flattened at the poles and bulges at its equator

Explanation: Saturn is a gas giant because it is predominantly composed of hydrogen and helium. It lacks a definite surface, though it may have a solid core. Saturn's rotation causes it to have the shape of an oblate spheroid; that is, it is flattened at the poles and bulges at its equator. Its equatorial and polar radii differ by almost 10%: 60,268 km versus 54,364 km. Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune, the other giant planets in the Solar System, are also oblate but to a lesser extent. The combination of the bulge and rotation rate means that the effective surface gravity along the equator, , is 74% that at the poles and is lower than the surface gravity of Earth. However, the equatorial escape velocity of nearly is much higher than that for Earth.

Saturn [SEP] Physical characteristics


Context: how are rings formed?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: It is a gas giant because it is predominantly composed of hydrogen and helium, it lacks a definite surface, though it may have a solid core, its rotation causes it to have the shape of an oblate spheroid; that is, it is flattened at the poles and bulges at its equator

Question: does it have any moons?

Answer: Yes, it has 82 known moons, 53 of which have formal names

Saturn [SEP] Natural satellites

Saturn has 82 known moons, 53 of which have formal names. In addition, there is evidence of dozens to hundreds of moonlets with diameters of 40–500 meters in Saturn's rings, which are not considered to be true moons. Titan, the largest moon, comprises more than 90% of the mass in orbit around Saturn, including the rings. Saturn's second-largest moon, Rhea, may have a tenuous ring system of its own, along with a tenuous atmosphere. Many of the other moons are small: 34 are less than 10 km in diameter and another 14 between 10 and 50 km in diameter. Traditionally, most of Saturn's moons have been named after Titans of Greek mythology.


Context: how are rings formed?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: does it have any moons?

Context: Yes, it has 82 known moons, 53 of which have formal names

Question: were there any missions carried out as a part of its research?

Answer: Yes, "Pioneer 11" made the first flyby of Saturn in September 1979

Explanation: "Pioneer 11" made the first flyby of Saturn in September 1979, when it passed within 20,000 km of the planet's cloud tops. Images were taken of the planet and a few of its moons, although their resolution was too low to discern surface detail. The spacecraft also studied Saturn's rings, revealing the thin F-ring and the fact that dark gaps in the rings are bright when viewed at high phase angle (towards the Sun), meaning that they contain fine light-scattering material. In addition, "Pioneer 11" measured the temperature of Titan.

Saturn [SEP] "Pioneer 11" flyby


Context: how are rings formed?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: does it have any moons?

Context: were there any missions carried out as a part of its research?

Context: Yes, "Pioneer 11" made the first flyby of Saturn in September 1979

Question: who launched it?

Answer: NASA

Pioneer 11 [SEP] Introduction

Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a robotic space probe launched by NASA on April 6, 1973 to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, solar wind and cosmic rays. It was the first probe to encounter Saturn and the second to fly through the asteroid belt and by Jupiter. Thereafter, "Pioneer 11" became the second of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity that will allow them to leave the Solar System. Due to power constraints and the vast distance to the probe, the last routine contact with the spacecraft was on September 30, 1995, and the last good engineering data was received on November 24, 1995.


Context: how are rings formed?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: does it have any moons?

Context: who launched it?

Context: NASA

Question: did the spacecraft have any encounter with other planet?

Answer: Yes, it encounter with the planet Jupiter

Explanation: "Pioneer 11" flew past Jupiter in November and December 1974. During its closest approach, on December 2, it passed above the cloud tops. The probe obtained detailed images of the Great Red Spot, transmitted the first images of the immense polar regions, and determined the mass of Jupiter's moon Callisto. Using the gravitational pull of Jupiter, a gravity assist was used to alter the trajectory of the probe towards Saturn and gain velocity. On April 16, 1975, following the Jupiter encounter, the micrometeoroid detector was turned off.

Pioneer 11 [SEP] Encounter with Jupiter


Context: how are rings formed?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: does it have any moons?

Context: who launched it?

Context: NASA

Context: did the spacecraft have any encounter with other planet?

Context: Yes, it encounter with the planet Jupiter

Question: what scientific instruments were used in this mission?

Answer: A flux-gate magnetometer

Explanation: Pioneer 11 has one additional instrument more than Pioneer 10, a flux-gate magnetometer.

Pioneer 11 [SEP] Scientific instruments


Context: how are rings formed?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: does it have any moons?

Context: who launched it?

Context: NASA

Context: what scientific instruments were used in this mission?

Context: A flux-gate magnetometer

Question: what does it mean?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Pioneer 11 [SEP] Scientific instruments


Context: how are rings formed?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: does it have any moons?

Context: who launched it?

Context: NASA

Context: A flux-gate magnetometer

Context: what does it mean?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who designed the spacecraft?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Pioneer 11 [SEP] Scientific instruments


Context: how are rings formed?

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: does it have any moons?

Context: who launched it?

Context: NASA

Context: A flux-gate magnetometer

Context: what does it mean?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who designed the spacecraft?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you name a few other missions carried out by the same space agency?

Answer: One such mission is Apollo program

Explanation:
The U.S public's perception of the Soviet lead in the Space Race (by putting the first man into space) motivated President John F. Kennedy to ask the Congress on May 25, 1961, to commit the federal government to a program to land a man on the Moon by the end of the 1960s, which effectively launched the Apollo program.

Apollo was one of the most expensive American scientific programs ever. It cost more than $20 billion in 1960s dollars or an estimated $ in present-day US dollars. (In comparison, the Manhattan Project cost roughly $, accounting for inflation.) It used the Saturn rockets as launch vehicles, which were far bigger than the rockets built for previous projects. The spacecraft was also bigger; it had two main parts, the combined command and service module (CSM) and the Apollo Lunar Module (LM). The LM was to be left on the Moon and only the command module (CM) containing the three astronauts would return to Earth.

The second crewed mission, Apollo 8, brought astronauts for t

NASA [SEP] Apollo program (1960–1972)


Question: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Answer: Sacrifice is a real-time strategy video game published by Interplay Entertainment in 2000 for Microsoft Windows platform.

Sacrifice (video game) [SEP] Introduction

Sacrifice is a real-time strategy video game published by Interplay Entertainment in 2000 for Microsoft Windows platform. Developed by Shiny Entertainment, the game features elements of action and other genres. Players control wizards who fight each other with spells and summoned creatures. The game was ported to Mac OS 9.2 in 2001. Unlike many of its contemporary real-time strategy games, "Sacrifice" places little emphasis on resource gathering and management. There is no system of workers; the players' wizards collect souls to summon creatures, and their mana—energy for casting spells—constantly regenerates. Players customize their attacks by choosing from spells and creatures aligned to five gods.


Context: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Context: Sacrifice is a real-time strategy video game published by Interplay Entertainment in 2000 for Microsoft Windows platform.

Question: how many players can play this game?

Answer: Up to four players.

Sacrifice (video game) [SEP] Multiplayer

"Sacrifice" features the capability for players to play matches against each other over computer networks; up to four players (human- or computer-controlled) can participate in a multiplayer match. Four modes of play are available: Skirmish, Slaughter, Soul Harvest, and Domination. Skirmish's gameplay is similar to that of the single-player mode; a player wins the match by banishing the others' wizards. The winner of Domination is the wizard who controls a certain number of manaliths. The goal in Slaughter is to amass the most kills, while wizards in Soul Harvest have to collect the most souls. Initially, the multiplayer games could only be played over small-area networks of computers (local area networks), or over the internet through an integrated matchmaking service.


Context: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Context: how many players can play this game?

Context: Up to four players.

Question: name few play modes of this game

Answer: Skirmish, Slaughter, Domination , and Soul Harvest.

Explanation: Four modes of play are available: Skirmish, Slaughter, Soul Harvest, and Domination.


Context: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Context: how many players can play this game?

Context: Up to four players.

Context: name few play modes of this game

Context: Skirmish, Slaughter, Domination , and Soul Harvest.

Question: when did this game's entertainment company begin?

Answer: 1983.

Explanation: The company was founded in 1983

Interplay Entertainment [SEP] Introduction

Interplay Entertainment Corp. is an American video game developer and publisher based in Los Angeles. The company was founded in 1983 as Interplay Productions by developers Brian Fargo, Jay Patel, Troy Worrell, and Rebecca Heineman (then known as Bill Heineman), as well as investor Chris Wells. As a developer, Interplay is best known as the creator of the "Fallout" series and as a publisher for the "Baldur's Gate" and "Descent" series.


Context: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Context: how many players can play this game?

Context: Up to four players.

Context: name few play modes of this game

Context: when did this game's entertainment company begin?

Question: which litigation was it part of?

Answer: In 2003 with Snowblind Studios and in 2009 with Bethesda Softworks.

Explanation:
In 2003 and 2004 Snowblind Studios and Interplay Entertainment were engaged in a dispute regarding the Dark Alliance Engine for "", "Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance II", and the GameCube version of the original "Dark Alliance". The dispute was resolved and Interplay would be allowed to work with materials already using the Dark Alliance Engine.

Bethesda Softworks sued Interplay in 2009,

Interplay Entertainment [SEP] Litigation

Interplay's rights to sell and merchandise "Fallout", "Fallout 2" and "" expired on December 31, 2013. In 2010, Topware Interactive revealed that they were developing "Battle vs. Chess" to be published by SouthPeak Games. Interplay sued them and won an injunction to stop sales in the United States. In 2012, Interplay won the case via default and a settlement for $200,000 plus interest was agreed upon on November 15, 2012.


Context: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Context: how many players can play this game?

Context: Up to four players.

Context: name few play modes of this game

Context: which litigation was it part of?

Context: In 2003 with Snowblind Studios and in 2009 with Bethesda Softworks.

Question: when did the latter originate?

Answer: In 1986.

Bethesda Softworks [SEP] Introduction

Bethesda Softworks LLC is an American video game publisher based in Rockville, Maryland. The company was founded by Christopher Weaver in 1986 as a division of Media Technology Limited, and in 1999 became a subsidiary of ZeniMax Media. In its first fifteen years, it was a video game developer and self-published its titles. In 2001, Bethesda spun off its own in-house development team into Bethesda Game Studios, and Bethesda Softworks retained only its publishing function. As such, Bethesda Softworks acts as the publisher for all games developed by ZeniMax's development studios. In 2020, Microsoft announced that it is acquiring the holding company ZeniMax Media for US$7.5 billion.


Context: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Context: how many players can play this game?

Context: Up to four players.

Context: name few play modes of this game

Context: which litigation was it part of?

Context: when did the latter originate?

Context: In 1986.

Question: who were part of the 1999-2004 lawsuit?

Answer: Weaver and ZeniMax Media.

Bethesda Softworks [SEP] 1999–2004: ZeniMax, Christopher Weaver lawsuit

In 2002, Weaver stopped being employed by ZeniMax. He later filed a lawsuit against ZeniMax, claiming he was ousted by his new business partners after giving them access to his brand and was owed in severance pay. ZeniMax filed counterclaims and moved to dismiss the case, claiming Weaver had gone through emails of other employees to find evidence. This dismissal was later vacated on appeal, and the parties settled out of court. Weaver remained a major shareholder in the company: as of 2007, he said that he still owned 33% of ZeniMax's stock. Providence Equity bought 25% of ZeniMax's stock in late 2007, and an additional stake in 2010.


Context: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Context: how many players can play this game?

Context: Up to four players.

Context: name few play modes of this game

Context: which litigation was it part of?

Context: when did the latter originate?

Context: In 1986.

Context: who were part of the 1999-2004 lawsuit?

Context: Weaver and ZeniMax Media.

Question: how did this company expand?

Answer: Through acquisition of XL Translab.

Bethesda Softworks [SEP] 1994–1999: Company expansion

In 1995, Bethesda Softworks acquired "Noctropolis" developer Flashpoint Productions, which Brent Erickson had founded in 1992. Under the name Mediatech West, the studio operated from Olympia, Washington, with Erickson as its technical division director. Games produced by Mediatech West include "Burnout Championship Drag Racing" and "". In 1997, Bethesda acquired XL Translab, a Washington, D.C., graphics company that stemmed from the Catholic University School of Architecture and Planning. It was moved to Bethesda Softworks' Rockville headquarters. XL Translab had previously done work for PBS and "Fortune" 500 companies. By 1996, the company had become the third-biggest player in the privately held PC publishing industry after LucasArts and Interplay Entertainment with 75 employees by that year and revenues of $25 million by 1997.


Context: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Context: how many players can play this game?

Context: Up to four players.

Context: name few play modes of this game

Context: which litigation was it part of?

Context: when did the latter originate?

Context: In 1986.

Context: who were part of the 1999-2004 lawsuit?

Context: Weaver and ZeniMax Media.

Context: how did this company expand?

Context: Through acquisition of XL Translab.

Question: where is this former company from?

Answer: Rockville.

Explanation: Bethesda Softworks LLC is an American video game publisher based in Rockville, Maryland.

Bethesda Softworks [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Context: how many players can play this game?

Context: Up to four players.

Context: name few play modes of this game

Context: which litigation was it part of?

Context: when did the latter originate?

Context: In 1986.

Context: who were part of the 1999-2004 lawsuit?

Context: Weaver and ZeniMax Media.

Context: how did this company expand?

Context: Through acquisition of XL Translab.

Context: where is this former company from?

Context: Rockville.

Question: in which state is this place located?

Answer: Maryland.

Explanation: Rockville, Maryland.

Bethesda Softworks [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Context: how many players can play this game?

Context: Up to four players.

Context: name few play modes of this game

Context: which litigation was it part of?

Context: when did the latter originate?

Context: In 1986.

Context: who were part of the 1999-2004 lawsuit?

Context: Weaver and ZeniMax Media.

Context: how did this company expand?

Context: Through acquisition of XL Translab.

Context: where is this former company from?

Context: Rockville.

Context: in which state is this place located?

Context: Maryland.

Question: name some of the higher educational institutions here

Answer: The Montgomery College, the University of Maryland Global Campus, and the Universities at Shady Grove

Explanation:
The Montgomery College (MC), main campus is located within Rockville and enrolls more than 15,000 students as of March 2019. The college is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.

Additional Institutions of higher education in Rockville include the University of Maryland Global Campus (main campus is in Adelphi, Maryland), The Johns Hopkins University Montgomery County Campus (main campus is in Baltimore, Maryland), and the Universities at Shady Grove, a collaboration of nine Maryland public degree-granting institutions, all have Rockville addresses, but are just outside the city limits.

Rockville, Maryland [SEP] Higher Education


Context: what is sacrifice (video game)?

Context: how many players can play this game?

Context: Up to four players.

Context: name few play modes of this game

Context: which litigation was it part of?

Context: when did the latter originate?

Context: In 1986.

Context: who were part of the 1999-2004 lawsuit?

Context: Weaver and ZeniMax Media.

Context: how did this company expand?

Context: Through acquisition of XL Translab.

Context: where is this former company from?

Context: Rockville.

Context: in which state is this place located?

Context: Maryland.

Context: name some of the higher educational institutions here

Context: The Montgomery College, the University of Maryland Global Campus, and the Universities at Shady Grove

Question: what degrees are offered in the latter university?

Answer: Undergraduate, graduate, degree and certificate programs.

Universities at Shady Grove [SEP] Introduction

The Universities at Shady Grove began in 1992 as part of the University of Maryland University College. In 2000, it reformed under its present name. Daytime, evening and weekend classes are offered at Shady Grove to students studying in 80 undergraduate, graduate, degree and certificate programs. Established in 2000, The Universities at Shady Grove (USG) is a regional higher education center of the University System of Maryland that offers students access to undergraduate and graduate degree programs from nine universities on one campus in Rockville, Maryland. There is no separate application for USG; prospective students seeking to enroll in a program at USG apply directly to the university offering their desired program.


Question: who were the authors of the federalist and what was the purpose of writing it

Answer: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.

The Federalist Papers [SEP] Introduction

The Federalist Papers is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the collective pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. The collection was commonly known as The Federalist until the name "The Federalist Papers" emerged in the 20th century. The first 77 of these essays were published serially in the "Independent Journal", the "New York Packet", and "The Daily Advertiser" between October 1787 and April 1788. A compilation of these 77 essays and eight others were published in two volumes as The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, as Agreed upon by the Federal Convention, September 17, 1787 by publishing firm J.


Context: who were the authors of the federalist and what was the purpose of writing it

Context: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.

Question: what were these papers?

Answer: "The Independent Journal", the "New-York Packet", and the "Daily Advertiser".

The Federalist Papers [SEP] Publication

"The Federalist" articles appeared in three New York newspapers: "The Independent Journal", the "New-York Packet", and the "Daily Advertiser", beginning on October 27, 1787. Although written and published with haste, "The Federalist" articles were widely read and greatly influenced the shape of American political institutions. Hamilton, Madison and Jay published the essays at a rapid pace. At times, three to four new essays by Publius appeared in the papers in a single week. Garry Wills observes that this fast pace of production "overwhelmed" any possible response: "Who, given ample time could have answered such a battery of arguments? And no time was given." Hamilton also encouraged the reprinting of the essays in newspapers outside New York state, and indeed they were published in several other states where the ratification debate was taking place.


Context: what were these papers?

Context: "The Independent Journal", the "New-York Packet", and the "Daily Advertiser".

Question: when was the first paper that you just mentioned launched?

Answer: In the late 18th century.

The Independent Journal [SEP] Introduction

The Independent Journal, occasionally known as The General Advertiser, was a semi-weekly New York City journal and newspaper edited and published by John McLean and Archibald McLean in the late 18th century. The newspaper's content included contemporary essays and notices. "The Independent Journal" is primarily remembered for being one of several newspapers to have initially published "The Federalist" papers – a series of eighty-five articles and essays discussing and advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution, written by John Jay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton. It became the first newspaper to publish the material when it released the first Federalist essay on October 27, 1787.


Context: what were these papers?

Context: when was the first paper that you just mentioned launched?

Context: In the late 18th century.

Question: where was the first above mentioned author from?

Answer: Charlestown, the capital of the island of Nevis in the Leeward Islands (then part of the British West Indies).

Alexander Hamilton [SEP] Childhood in the Caribbean

Alexander Hamilton was born and spent part of his childhood in Charlestown, the capital of the island of Nevis in the Leeward Islands (then part of the British West Indies). Hamilton and his older brother James Jr. (1753–1786) were born out of wedlock to Rachel Faucette, a married woman of half-British and half-French Huguenot descent, and James A. Hamilton, a Scotsman who was the fourth son of Alexander Hamilton, the laird of Grange in Ayrshire. Speculation that Hamilton's mother was of mixed race, though persistent, is not substantiated by verifiable evidence. She was listed as white on tax rolls. It is not certain whether Hamilton's birth was in 1755 or 1757.


Context: what were these papers?

Context: In the late 18th century.

Context: where was the first above mentioned author from?

Context: Charlestown, the capital of the island of Nevis in the Leeward Islands (then part of the British West Indies).

Question: what was his view point on jews?

Answer: Hamilton exhibited a degree of respect for Jews that was described by Chernow as "a life-long reverence." He believed that Jewish achievement was a result of divine providence:

Explanation: Hamilton exhibited a degree of respect for Jews that was described by Chernow as "a life-long reverence." He believed that Jewish achievement was a result of divine providence:

Alexander Hamilton [SEP] Relationship with Jews and Judaism

On this foundation, historian Andrew Porwancher, a self-acknowledged "lone voice" whose "findings clash with much of the received wisdom on Hamilton", has promoted a theory that Hamilton himself was Jewish. Porwancher argues that Hamilton's mother (French Huguenot on her father's side) must have converted to Judaism before marrying Lavien, and that even after her separation and bitter divorce from Lavien, she would still have raised her children by James Hamilton as Jews.


Context: what were these papers?

Context: In the late 18th century.

Context: what was his view point on jews?

Context: Hamilton exhibited a degree of respect for Jews that was described by Chernow as "a life-long reverence." He believed that Jewish achievement was a result of divine providence:

Question: and what were his views for slavery?

Answer: He generally opposed pro-slavery southern interests, which he saw as hypocritical to the values of the American Revolution.

Alexander Hamilton [SEP] On slavery

By the time of Hamilton's early participation in the American Revolution, his abolitionist sensibilities had become evident. Hamilton was active during the Revolution in trying to raise black troops for the army, with the promise of freedom. In the 1780s and 1790s, he generally opposed pro-slavery southern interests, which he saw as hypocritical to the values of the American Revolution. In 1785, he joined his close associate John Jay in founding the New-York Society for Promoting the Manumission of Slaves, and Protecting Such of Them as Have Been, or May be Liberated, the main anti-slavery organization in New York. The society successfully promoted the abolition of the international slave trade in New York City and passed a state law to end slavery in New York through a decades-long process of emancipation, with a final end to slavery in the state on July 4, 1827.


Context: what were these papers?

Context: In the late 18th century.

Context: what was his view point on jews?

Context: and what were his views for slavery?

Context: He generally opposed pro-slavery southern interests, which he saw as hypocritical to the values of the American Revolution.

Question: which war was he a part of?

Answer: Yes - The Quasi-War of 1798.

Alexander Hamilton [SEP] Quasi-War

During the military build-up of the Quasi-War of 1798–1800, and with the strong endorsement of Washington (who had been called out of retirement to lead the Army if a French invasion materialized), Adams reluctantly appointed Hamilton a major general of the army. At Washington's insistence, Hamilton was made the senior major general, prompting Henry Knox to decline appointment to serve as Hamilton's junior (Knox had been a major general in the Continental Army and thought it would be degrading to serve beneath him). Hamilton served as inspector general of the United States Army from July 18, 1798, to June 15, 1800.


Context: what were these papers?

Context: In the late 18th century.

Context: what was his view point on jews?

Context: and what were his views for slavery?

Context: which war was he a part of?

Context: Yes - The Quasi-War of 1798.

Question: who was the second author mentioned above?

Answer: James Madison was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817.

James Madison [SEP] Introduction

James Madison (March 16, 1751June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the United States Bill of Rights. He co-wrote "The Federalist Papers", co-founded the Democratic-Republican Party, and served as the fifth United States Secretary of State from 1801 to 1809. Born into a prominent Virginia planter family, Madison served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and the Continental Congress during and after the American Revolutionary War.


Context: what were these papers?

Context: In the late 18th century.

Context: what was his view point on jews?

Context: and what were his views for slavery?

Context: which war was he a part of?

Context: Yes - The Quasi-War of 1798.

Context: who was the second author mentioned above?

Context: James Madison was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817.

Question: what is the reputation he holds in history?

Answer: Madison is widely regarded as one of the most important Founding Fathers of the United States.

James Madison [SEP] Historical reputation

Madison is widely regarded as one of the most important Founding Fathers of the United States. Historian J.C.A. Stagg writes that "in some ways—because he was on the winning side of every important issue facing the young nation from 1776 to 1816—Madison was the most successful and possibly the most influential of all the Founding Fathers." Though he helped found a major political party and served as the fourth president of the United States, his legacy has largely been defined by his contributions to the Constitution; even in his own life he was hailed as the "Father of the Constitution." Law professor Noah Feldman writes that Madison "invented and theorized the modern ideal of an expanded, federal constitution that combines local self-government with an overarching national order." Feldman adds that Madison's "model of liberty-protecting constitutional government" is "the most influential American idea in global political history." Polls of historians and political scientists tend to rank Madison as an above average president.


Context: what were these papers?

Context: In the late 18th century.

Context: what was his view point on jews?

Context: and what were his views for slavery?

Context: which war was he a part of?

Context: Yes - The Quasi-War of 1798.

Context: what is the reputation he holds in history?

Context: Madison is widely regarded as one of the most important Founding Fathers of the United States.

Question: how did he feel about religion?

Answer: Madison believed in religious liberty, and he advocated for Virginia's disestablishment of the Anglican Church throughout the late 1770s and 1780s. He also opposed the appointments of chaplains for Congress and the armed forces, arguing that the appointments produce religious exclusion as well as political disharmony.

James Madison [SEP] Religion

Although baptized as an Anglican and educated by Presbyterian clergymen, young Madison was an avid reader of English deist tracts. As an adult, Madison paid little attention to religious matters. Though most historians have found little indication of his religious leanings after he left college, some scholars indicate he leaned toward deism. Others maintain that Madison accepted Christian tenets and formed his outlook on life with a Christian world view. Regardless of his own religious beliefs, Madison believed in religious liberty, and he advocated for Virginia's disestablishment of the Anglican Church throughout the late 1770s and 1780s. He also opposed the appointments of chaplains for Congress and the armed forces, arguing that the appointments produce religious exclusion as well as political disharmony.


Question: what is an electron?

Answer: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Electron [SEP] Introduction

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or , whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton. Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of a half-integer value, expressed in units of the reduced Planck constant, "ħ". Being fermions, no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state, in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle.


Context:
what is an electron?
The electron is a subatomic particle.

Question: where can they be applied?

Answer: In electronics, welding, cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes.

Electron [SEP] Introduction

Electromagnetic fields produced from other sources will affect the motion of an electron according to the Lorentz force law. Electrons radiate or absorb energy in the form of photons when they are accelerated. Laboratory instruments are capable of trapping individual electrons as well as electron plasma by the use of electromagnetic fields. Special telescopes can detect electron plasma in outer space. Electrons are involved in many applications such as electronics, welding, cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes, radiation therapy, lasers, gaseous ionization detectors and particle accelerators. Interactions involving electrons with other subatomic particles are of interest in fields such as chemistry and nuclear physics.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: In electronics, welding, cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes.

Question: any scientists who were involved in the research of it?

Answer: Richard Laming.

Electron [SEP] Introduction

The Coulomb force interaction between the positive protons within atomic nuclei and the negative electrons without, allows the composition of the two known as atoms. Ionization or differences in the proportions of negative electrons versus positive nuclei changes the binding energy of an atomic system. The exchange or sharing of the electrons between two or more atoms is the main cause of chemical bonding. In 1838, British natural philosopher Richard Laming first hypothesized the concept of an indivisible quantity of electric charge to explain the chemical properties of atoms. Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney named this charge 'electron' in 1891, and J.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: any scientists who were involved in the research of it?

Context: Richard Laming.

Question: did he name it?

Answer: No, but George Johnstone.

Explanation: Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney named this charge 'electron' in 1891

Electron [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Question: what are his other research works?

Answer: He made significant contributions to cosmic physics and to the theory of gases and estimated the number of molecules in a cubic millimetre of gas.

George Johnstone Stoney [SEP] Scientific output

Stoney published seventy-five scientific papers in a variety of journals, but chiefly in the journals of the Royal Dublin Society. He made significant contributions to cosmic physics and to the theory of gases. He estimated the number of molecules in a cubic millimetre of gas, at room temperature and pressure, from data obtained from the kinetic theory of gases. Stoney's most important scientific work was the conception and calculation of the magnitude of the "atom of electricity". In 1891, he proposed the term 'electron' to describe the fundamental unit of electrical charge, and his contributions to research in this area laid the foundations for the eventual discovery of the particle by J.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: He made significant contributions to cosmic physics and to the theory of gases and estimated the number of molecules in a cubic millimetre of gas.

Question: what was his profession?

Answer: He was professor of physics at Queen's College Galway.

Explanation: From 1852 to 1857, Stoney was professor of physics at Queen's College Galway. From 1857 to 1882, he was employed as Secretary of the Queen's University of Ireland, an administrative job based in D

George Johnstone Stoney [SEP] Education and employment

From 1857 to 1882, he was employed as Secretary of the Queen's University of Ireland, an administrative job based in Dublin. In the early 1880s, he moved to the post of superintendent of Civil Service Examinations in Ireland, a post he held until his retirement in 1893. In that year, he took up residence in London, England. Stoney died in 1911 at his home in Notting Hill, London. During his decades of non-scientific employment responsibilities in Dublin, Stoney continued to do scientific research on his own. He also served for decades as honorary secretary and then vice-president of the Royal Dublin Society, a scientific society modelled after the Royal Society of London, and after his move to London Stoney served on the council of that society too.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: He was professor of physics at Queen's College Galway.

Question: how was he honored for his scientific contributions?

Answer: Craters on Mars and the Moon are named in his honour.

Explanation: Craters on Mars and the Moon are named in his honour.

George Johnstone Stoney [SEP] Legacy


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: how was he honored for his scientific contributions?

Context: Craters on Mars and the Moon are named in his honour.

Question: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Answer: Red Planet.

Mars [SEP] Introduction

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, being larger than only Mercury. In English, Mars carries the name of the Roman god of war and is often referred to as the "Red Planet". The latter refers to the effect of the iron oxide prevalent on Mars's surface, which gives it a reddish appearance distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, with surface features reminiscent of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Question: why is it so?

Answer: Due to the effect of the iron oxide prevalent on Mars's surface, which gives it a reddish appearance.

Explanation: The latter refers to the effect of the iron oxide prevalent on Mars's surface, which gives it a reddish appearance

Mars [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: Due to the effect of the iron oxide prevalent on Mars's surface, which gives it a reddish appearance.

Question: any spacecraft that had visited the planet?

Answer: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Explanation: Mars has been explored by several uncrewed spacecraft. "Mariner 4" was the first spacecraft to visit Mars; launched by NASA on 28 November 1964, it made its closest approach to the planet on 15 July 1965. "Mariner 4" detected the weak Martian radiation belt, measured at about 0.1% that of Earth, and captured the first images of another planet from deep space. The Soviet "Mars 3" mission included a lander, which achieved a soft landing in December 1971; however, contact was lost seconds after touchdown. On 20 July 1976, "Viking 1" performed the first successful landing on the Martian surface.

Mars [SEP] Introduction

On 4 July 1997, the "Mars Pathfinder" spacecraft landed on Mars and on 5 July released its rover, "Sojourner", the first robotic rover to operate on Mars. The "Mars Express" orbiter, the first European Space Agency (ESA) spacecraft to visit Mars, arrived in orbit on 25 December 2003. In January 2004, the Mars Exploration Rovers, named "Spirit" and "Opportunity", both landed on Mars. "Spirit" operated until 22 March 2010 and "Opportunity" lasted until 10 June 2018. On 24 September 2014, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) became the fourth space agency to visit Mars when its maiden interplanetary mission, the Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft, arrived in orbit.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: any spacecraft that had visited the planet?

Context: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Question: who launched the former?

Answer: NASA.

Mars [SEP] Introduction

Mars has been explored by several uncrewed spacecraft. "Mariner 4" was the first spacecraft to visit Mars; launched by NASA on 28 November 1964, it made its closest approach to the planet on 15 July 1965. "Mariner 4" detected the weak Martian radiation belt, measured at about 0.1% that of Earth, and captured the first images of another planet from deep space. The Soviet "Mars 3" mission included a lander, which achieved a soft landing in December 1971; however, contact was lost seconds after touchdown. On 20 July 1976, "Viking 1" performed the first successful landing on the Martian surface.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Context: who launched the former?

Context: NASA.

Question: when was it done?

Answer: On 28 November 1964.

Explanation: on 28 November 1964

Mars [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Context: who launched the former?

Context: NASA.

Context: when was it done?

Context: On 28 November 1964.

Question: which other programs have the agency been involed?

Answer: They sent the first Americans into low Earth orbit (LEO) and Apollo program.

NASA [SEP] Spaceflight programs

NASA has conducted many uncrewed and crewed spaceflight programs throughout its history. Uncrewed programs launched the first American artificial satellites into Earth orbit for scientific and communications purposes, and sent scientific probes to explore the planets of the solar system, starting with Venus and Mars, and including "grand tours" of the outer planets. Crewed programs sent the first Americans into low Earth orbit (LEO), won the Space Race with the Soviet Union by landing twelve men on the Moon from 1969 to 1972 in the Apollo program, developed a semi-reusable LEO Space Shuttle, and developed LEO space station capability by itself and with the cooperation of several other nations including post-Soviet Russia.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Context: who launched the former?

Context: NASA.

Context: when was it done?

Context: On 28 November 1964.

Context: which other programs have the agency been involed?

Context: They sent the first Americans into low Earth orbit (LEO) and Apollo program.

Question: what is the latter?

Answer: Program that succeeded in landing the first humans on the Moon.

Apollo program [SEP] Introduction

The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972. It was first conceived during Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration as a three-person spacecraft to follow the one-person Project Mercury, which put the first Americans in space. Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal for the 1960s of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" in an address to Congress on May 25, 1961.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Context: who launched the former?

Context: NASA.

Context: when was it done?

Context: On 28 November 1964.

Context: what is the latter?

Context: Program that succeeded in landing the first humans on the Moon.

Question: when did it happen?

Answer: From 1969 to 1972.

Apollo program [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Context: who launched the former?

Context: NASA.

Context: when was it done?

Context: On 28 November 1964.

Context: what is the latter?

Context: when did it happen?

Context: From 1969 to 1972.

Question: which spacecraft was used ?

Answer: Apollo 11.

Apollo program [SEP] Introduction

It was the third US human spaceflight program to fly, preceded by the two-person Project Gemini conceived in 1961 to extend spaceflight capability in support of Apollo. Kennedy's goal was accomplished on the Apollo 11 mission when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Apollo Lunar Module (LM) on July 20, 1969, and walked on the lunar surface, while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the command and service module (CSM), and all three landed safely on Earth on July 24. Five subsequent Apollo missions also landed astronauts on the Moon, the last, Apollo 17, in December 1972.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Context: who launched the former?

Context: NASA.

Context: when was it done?

Context: On 28 November 1964.

Context: what is the latter?

Context: when did it happen?

Context: From 1969 to 1972.

Context: which spacecraft was used ?

Context: Apollo 11.

Question: who travelled in it?

Answer: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins.

Explanation: Kennedy's goal was accomplished on the Apollo 11 mission when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Apollo Lunar Module (LM) on July 20, 1969, and walked on the lunar surface, while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the command and service module (CSM)

Apollo program [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Context: who launched the former?

Context: NASA.

Context: when was it done?

Context: On 28 November 1964.

Context: what is the latter?

Context: when did it happen?

Context: From 1969 to 1972.

Context: which spacecraft was used ?

Context: Apollo 11.

Context: who travelled in it?

Context: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins.

Question: who among them takes the pride of setting foot first?

Answer: Neil Alden Armstrong.

Neil Armstrong [SEP] Introduction

Neil Alden Armstrong (August 5, 1930 – August 25, 2012) was an American astronaut and aeronautical engineer, and the first person to walk on the Moon. He was also a naval aviator, test pilot, and university professor. A graduate of Purdue University, Armstrong studied aeronautical engineering; his college tuition was paid for by the U.S. Navy under the Holloway Plan. He became a midshipman in 1949 and a naval aviator the following year. He saw action in the Korean War, flying the Grumman F9F Panther from the aircraft carrier . In September 1951, while making a low bombing run, Armstrong's aircraft was damaged when it collided with an anti-aircraft cable, strung across a valley, which cut off a large portion of one wing.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Context: who launched the former?

Context: NASA.

Context: when was it done?

Context: On 28 November 1964.

Context: what is the latter?

Context: when did it happen?

Context: From 1969 to 1972.

Context: which spacecraft was used ?

Context: Apollo 11.

Context: who travelled in it?

Context: who among them takes the pride of setting foot first?

Context: Neil Alden Armstrong.

Question: what was his profession before taking his space voyage ?

Answer: A naval aviator, test pilot, and university professor.

Explanation: . He was also a naval aviator, test pilot, and university professor.

Neil Armstrong [SEP] Introduction

Armstrong was forced to bail out. After the war, he completed his bachelor's degree at Purdue and became a test pilot at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) High-Speed Flight Station at Edwards Air Force Base in California. He was the project pilot on Century Series fighters and flew the North American X-15 seven times. He was also a participant in the U.S. Air Force's Man in Space Soonest and X-20 Dyna-Soar human spaceflight programs. Armstrong joined the NASA Astronaut Corps in the second group, which was selected in 1962. He made his first spaceflight as command pilot of Gemini 8 in March 1966, becoming NASA's first civilian astronaut to fly in space.


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Context: who launched the former?

Context: NASA.

Context: when was it done?

Context: On 28 November 1964.

Context: what is the latter?

Context: when did it happen?

Context: From 1969 to 1972.

Context: which spacecraft was used ?

Context: Apollo 11.

Context: who travelled in it?

Context: Neil Alden Armstrong.

Context: what was his profession before taking his space voyage ?

Context: A naval aviator, test pilot, and university professor.

Question: which aircraft had he flown?

Answer: North American X-15.

Explanation: e was the project pilot on Century Series fighters and flew the North American X-15 seven times.

Neil Armstrong [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is an electron?

Context: The electron is a subatomic particle.

Context: where can they be applied?

Context: Richard Laming.

Context: did he name it?

Context: No, but George Johnstone.

Context: what are his other research works?

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is the planet otherwise called as?

Context: Red Planet.

Context: why is it so?

Context: Mariner 4 and Viking 1.

Context: who launched the former?

Context: NASA.

Context: when was it done?

Context: On 28 November 1964.

Context: what is the latter?

Context: when did it happen?

Context: From 1969 to 1972.

Context: which spacecraft was used ?

Context: Apollo 11.

Context: who travelled in it?

Context: Neil Alden Armstrong.

Context: which aircraft had he flown?

Context: North American X-15.

Question: what is its speed?

Answer: Mach 6.70.

North American X-15 [SEP] Introduction

The North American X-15 was a hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft operated by the United States Air Force and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as part of the X-plane series of experimental aircraft. The X-15 set speed and altitude records in the 1960s, reaching the edge of outer space and returning with valuable data used in aircraft and spacecraft design. The X-15's official world record for the highest speed ever recorded by a crewed, powered aircraft, set in October 1967 when William J. Knight flew at Mach 6.70 at , a speed of , has remained unbroken . During the X-15 program, 12 pilots flew a combined 199 flights.


Question: where do the best cabernet sauvignons come from

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Cabernet Sauvignon [SEP] Introduction

Cabernet Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc. From France and Spain, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Paso Robles, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawkes Bay, South Africa's Stellenbosch region, Australia's Margaret River and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua.


Context: where do the best cabernet sauvignons come from

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is it?

Answer: It is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.

Explanation: is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.

Cabernet Sauvignon [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is it?

Context: It is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.

Question: where are they found?

Answer: It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.

Explanation: Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.

Cabernet Sauvignon [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is it?

Context: where are they found?

Context: It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.

Question: can you name some towns found in this valley?

Answer: Zahlé,  Anjar,  Arab

Beqaa Valley [SEP] Districts and towns

Zahlé is the largest city and the administrative capital of the Beqaa Governorate. It lies just north of the main Beirut–Damascus highway, which bisects the valley. The majority of Zahlé's residents are Lebanese Christian, the majority being Melkite Greek Catholic, Maronite Catholic, and Greek Orthodox Christians. The town of Anjar, situated in the eastern part of the valley, has a predominantly Armenian Lebanese population and is also famous for its 8th-century Arab ruins. The majority of the inhabitants of the northern districts of Beqaa, Baalbek and Hermel, are Lebanese Shia, with the exception of the town of Deir el Ahmar, whose inhabitants are Christians.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is it?

Context: where are they found?

Context: can you name some towns found in this valley?

Context: Zahlé,  Anjar,  Arab

Question: are there any landmarks here?

Answer: The ancient Roman ruins of Baalbek, an ancient city named for the Canaanite god Baal. The Romans renamed Baalbek "Heliopolis" and built an impressive temple complex, including temples to Bacchus, Jupiter, Venus, and the Sun.

Explanation: The ancient Roman ruins of Baalbek, an ancient city named for the Canaanite god Baal. The Romans renamed Baalbek "Heliopolis" and built an impressive temple complex, including temples to Bacchus, Jupiter, Venus, and the Sun. Today, the ruins are the site of the Baalbeck International Festival, which attracts artists and performance groups from around the world.

Beqaa Valley [SEP] Landmarks


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is it?

Context: where are they found?

Context: Zahlé,  Anjar,  Arab

Context: are there any landmarks here?

Context: The ancient Roman ruins of Baalbek, an ancient city named for the Canaanite god Baal. The Romans renamed Baalbek "Heliopolis" and built an impressive temple complex, including temples to Bacchus, Jupiter, Venus, and the Sun.

Question: do illicit things take place in this valley?

Answer: Yes,  Drugs have a long tradition in the Beqaa Valley.

Beqaa Valley [SEP] Illicit drugs

Drugs have a long tradition in the Beqaa Valley, from the days of the Roman Empire until today cultivators and tribal drug lords working with militias built up a thriving cannabis trade. During the Lebanese Civil War, cannabis cultivation was a major source of income in the Beqaa valley, where most of the country's hashish and opium was produced, a multibillion-dollar industry fueling the agricultural sector as well as political factions and organized crime. The trade collapsed during the worldwide crackdown on narcotics led by the United States in the early 1990s. Under pressure from the U.S. State Department, the occupying Syrian Army plowed up the Beqaa's cannabis fields and sprayed them with poison.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is it?

Context: where are they found?

Context: Zahlé,  Anjar,  Arab

Context: are there any landmarks here?

Context: do illicit things take place in this valley?

Context: Yes,  Drugs have a long tradition in the Beqaa Valley.

Question: do these cabernet also come in a different colour?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Beqaa Valley [SEP] Illicit drugs


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is it?

Context: where are they found?

Context: Zahlé,  Anjar,  Arab

Context: are there any landmarks here?

Context: do these cabernet also come in a different colour?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how is it related to oak?

Answer: In winemaking, the barrels are made of oak which will have a strong impact on the resulting wine.

Explanation: In winemaking, the decision for the degree of oak influence (as well as which type of oak) will have a strong impact on the resulting wine. American oak, particularly from new barrels, imparts stronger oak flavors that are less subtle than those imparted by French oak

Cabernet Sauvignon [SEP] Affinity for oak

Larger barrels have a smaller wood-to-wine ratio and therefore less pronounced oak flavors. Winemakers in Italy and Portugal sometimes use barrels made from other wood types such as chestnut and redwood. Another method that winemakers consider is "tea bagging" with oak chips or adding oak planks to the wines while fermenting or aging it in stainless steel tanks. While these methods are less costly than oak barrels, they create more pronounced oak flavors, which tend not to mellow or integrate with the rest of the wine's components; nor do they provide the gradual oxidation benefit of barrel aging.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is it?

Context: where are they found?

Context: Zahlé,  Anjar,  Arab

Context: are there any landmarks here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is it related to oak?

Context: In winemaking, the barrels are made of oak which will have a strong impact on the resulting wine.

Question: can you name some its old world producers?

Answer: English wine producers, German wine regions

Cabernet Sauvignon [SEP] Other Old World producers

In the United Kingdom, English wine producers have experimented with growing the variety in plastic tunnels which can create a greenhouse effect and protect the grapes from the less than ideal climate of the wine region. While the grape is permitted to be planted in some German wine regions (such as the Mosel), the vineyard sites best suited for ripening Cabernet are generally already occupied with Riesling; many producers are ill-inclined to uproot the popular German variety in favor of Cabernet Sauvignon. In the 1980s, inexpensive Bulgarian Cabernet Sauvignon was highly touted for its value and helped to establish that country's wine industry and garner it more international presence in the wine market.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is it?

Context: where are they found?

Context: Zahlé,  Anjar,  Arab

Context: are there any landmarks here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is it related to oak?

Context: can you name some its old world producers?

Context: English wine producers, German wine regions

Question: what kind of wine style did the latter have?

Answer: Dry, semi-sweet and sweet white wines, rosé wines, red wines and sparkling wines, called Sekt.

German wine [SEP] Wine styles

Germany produces wines in many styles: dry, semi-sweet and sweet white wines, rosé wines, red wines and sparkling wines, called Sekt. (The only wine style not commonly produced is fortified wine.) Due to the northerly location of the German vineyards, the country has produced wines quite unlike any others in Europe, many of outstanding quality. Between the 1950s and the 1980s German wine was known abroad for cheap, sweet or semi-sweet, low-quality mass-produced wines such as Liebfraumilch. The wines have historically been predominantly white, and the finest made from Riesling. Many wines have been sweet and low in alcohol, light and unoaked.