Context: Approximately 7,700 years ago.

Context: where is mount mazama?

Context: Oregon, United States

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe something about mazama ashes?

Context: It serves as a common geological marker. Mazama Ash had a minimum fallout area

Question: mention a few of the ash impact?

Answer: It is the most widely distributed tephra layer from the late Quaternary in the United States and southwestern Canada. It forms orange colored deposits.

Explanation: is the most widely distributed tephra layer from the late Quaternary in the United States and southwestern Canada, extending to eight states to the west and three Canadian provinces. Mazama Ash forms orange colored deposits.

Mount Mazama [SEP] Mazama Ash

Studies of Glacier Peak Ash deposits suggest that they are older than Mazama Ash, at about 12,000 years old. Glacier Peak Ash has not been found in deposits less than 10,000 years old, and nearly all human artifacts have been found above its deposits, except for a site at Birch Creek where non diagnostic artifacts were discovered beneath Glacier Peak Ash.


Context: when was the last time crater lake volcano erupted

Context: Approximately 7,700 years ago.

Context: where is mount mazama?

Context: Oregon, United States

Context: describe in few words the geology of the mount?

Context: It is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc that stretches from northern California to southern British Columbia. Mazama sits within a region of crustal extension marked by fault zones

Context: what are some of the potential hazards from it?

Context: Landslides could threaten visitors to the national park or researchers by creating tsunami-sized waves, also potentially damaging infrastructure surrounding the lake.

Context: are there any geothermal activities around it?

Context: Scientists from the United States Geological Survey think that sources for geothermal energy use exist at Mazama and Crater Lake.

Context: is the energy utilized for anything productive?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe something about mazama ashes?

Context: mention a few of the ash impact?

Context: It is the most widely distributed tephra layer from the late Quaternary in the United States and southwestern Canada. It forms orange colored deposits.

Question: how is mazama ash identified?

Answer: By electron microprobe analysis, by the refractive index of the volcanic glass, and by neutron activation analysis and similar techniques. Radiocarbon dating of associated carbon-bearing material may also aid identification of the Mazama Ash.

Mazama Ash [SEP] Composition and identification

The Mazama ash includes plagioclase, hypersthene, magnetite, hornblende, clinopyroxene, and volcanic glass. It can be distinguished from other volcanic ash deposits, such as those from eruptions of Glacier Peak, Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier, by the unique chemistry of those constituents. This can be determined by electron microprobe analysis, by the refractive index of the volcanic glass, and by neutron activation analysis and similar techniques. Radiocarbon dating of associated carbon-bearing material may also aid identification of the Mazama Ash.


Context: Approximately 7,700 years ago.

Context: where is mount mazama?

Context: Oregon, United States

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe something about mazama ashes?

Context: mention a few of the ash impact?

Context: how is mazama ash identified?

Context: By electron microprobe analysis, by the refractive index of the volcanic glass, and by neutron activation analysis and similar techniques. Radiocarbon dating of associated carbon-bearing material may also aid identification of the Mazama Ash.

Question: what is the ash composed of?

Answer: It  includes plagioclase, hypersthene, magnetite, hornblende, clinopyroxene, and volcanic glass

Explanation: includes plagioclase, hypersthene, magnetite, hornblende, clinopyroxene, and volcanic glass.


Context: Approximately 7,700 years ago.

Context: where is mount mazama?

Context: Oregon, United States

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe something about mazama ashes?

Context: mention a few of the ash impact?

Context: how is mazama ash identified?

Context: what is the ash composed of?

Context: It  includes plagioclase, hypersthene, magnetite, hornblende, clinopyroxene, and volcanic glass

Question: what are some applications of the third compound?

Answer: Due to its high iron content, magnetite has long been a major iron ore. It is reduced in blast furnaces to pig iron or sponge iron for conversion to steel.

Explanation: Due to its high iron content, magnetite has long been a major iron ore. It is reduced in blast furnaces to pig iron or sponge iron for conversion to steel.

Magnetite [SEP] Applications


Question: true or false anaphylaxis generally only affects the skin and eyes

Answer: Incorrect.

Anaphylaxis [SEP] Introduction

Anaphylaxis ( and φύλαξις "(phylaxis)" 'protection'.) is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death. It typically causes more than one of the following: an itchy rash, throat or tongue swelling, shortness of breath, vomiting, lightheadedness, low blood pressure, and temporary blindness. These symptoms typically come on over minutes to hours. Common causes include insect bites and stings, foods, and medications. Other causes include latex exposure and exercise. Additionally, cases may occur without an obvious reason. The mechanism involves the release of mediators from certain types of white blood cells triggered by either immunologic or non-immunologic mechanisms.


Context: true or false anaphylaxis generally only affects the skin and eyes

Context: Incorrect.

Question: why does this happen?

Answer: Common causes include insect bites and stings, foods, and medications. Other causes include latex exposure and exercise.

Explanation: Common causes include insect bites and stings, foods, and medications. Other causes include latex exposure and exercise.

Anaphylaxis [SEP] Introduction


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: Common causes include insect bites and stings, foods, and medications. Other causes include latex exposure and exercise.

Question: how does the latter effect?

Answer: Through their direct effects on mast cells.

Anaphylaxis [SEP] Causes

Anaphylaxis can occur in response to almost any foreign substance. Common triggers include venom from insect bites or stings, foods, and medication. Foods are the most common trigger in children and young adults while medications and insect bites and stings are more common in older adults. Less common causes include: physical factors, biological agents such as semen, latex, hormonal changes, food additives such as monosodium glutamate and food colors, and topical medications. Physical factors such as exercise (known as exercise-induced anaphylaxis) or temperature (either hot or cold) may also act as triggers through their direct effects on mast cells. Events caused by exercise are frequently associated with cofactors such as the ingestion of certain foods or taking an NSAID.


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: how does the latter effect?

Context: Through their direct effects on mast cells.

Question: can you tell me more about this last mentioned cells.

Answer: It is a migrant cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.

Mast cell [SEP] Introduction

A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte) is a migrant cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems. Mast cells were discovered by Paul Ehrlich in 1877. Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, immune tolerance, defense against pathogens, and vascular permeability in brain tumours. The mast cell is very similar in both appearance and function to the basophil, another type of white blood cell.


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: how does the latter effect?

Context: can you tell me more about this last mentioned cells.

Context: It is a migrant cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.

Question: is this cell responsible for any disorders?

Answer: Yes, Mast cell activation disorders.

Mast cell [SEP] Mast cell activation disorders

Mast cell activation disorders (MCAD) are a spectrum of immune disorders that are unrelated to pathogenic infection and involve similar symptoms that arise from secreted mast cell intermediates, but differ slightly in their pathophysiology, treatment approach, and distinguishing symptoms. The classification of mast cell activation disorders was laid out in 2010.


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: how does the latter effect?

Context: is this cell responsible for any disorders?

Context: Yes, Mast cell activation disorders.

Question: can you name a few.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: how does the latter effect?

Context: Yes, Mast cell activation disorders.

Context: can you name a few.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are the above mentioned granules?

Answer: In cell biology, a granule is a small particle.

Granule (cell biology) [SEP] Introduction

In cell biology, a granule is a small particle. It can be any structure barely visible by light microscopy. The term is most often used to describe a secretory vesicle.


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: how does the latter effect?

Context: Yes, Mast cell activation disorders.

Context: can you name a few.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the above mentioned granules?

Context: In cell biology, a granule is a small particle.

Question: what is it made up of ?

Answer: It is a tightly interwoven network of differentially localized RNA-binding proteins.

Granule (cell biology) [SEP] Germline granules

In 1957, André and Rouiller first coined the term "nuage". (French for "cloud"). Its amorphous and fibrous structure occurred in drawings as early as in 1933 (Risley). Today, the nuage is accepted to represent a characteristic, electrondense germ plasm organelle encapsulating the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope of the cells destined to the germline fate. The same granular material is also known under various synonyms: "dense bodies, mitochondrial clouds, yolk nuclei, Balbiani bodies, perinuclear P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans, germinal granules in Xenopus laevis, chromatoid bodies in mice, and polar granules in Drosophila". Molecularly, the "nuage" is a tightly interwoven network of differentially localized RNA-binding proteins, which in turn localize specific mRNA species for differential storage, asymmetric segregation (as needed for asymmetric cell division), differential splicing and/or translational control.


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: how does the latter effect?

Context: Yes, Mast cell activation disorders.

Context: can you name a few.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the above mentioned granules?

Context: what is it made up of ?

Context: It is a tightly interwoven network of differentially localized RNA-binding proteins.

Question: what is its main purpose ?

Answer: Storage.

Granule (cell biology) [SEP] Starch

In photosynthesis, plants use light energy to produce glucose from carbon dioxide. The glucose is stored mainly in the form of starch granules, in plastids such as chloroplasts and especially amyloplasts. Toward the end of the growing season, starch accumulates in twigs of trees near the buds. Fruit, seeds, rhizomes, and tubers store starch to prepare for the next growing season.


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: how does the latter effect?

Context: Yes, Mast cell activation disorders.

Context: can you name a few.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the above mentioned granules?

Context: what is it made up of ?

Context: what is its main purpose ?

Context: Storage.

Question: what are the symptoms of the first mentioned disease ?

Answer: An itchy rash, throat or tongue swelling, shortness of breath, vomiting, lightheadedness, low blood pressure, and temporary blindness.

Explanation: . It typically causes more than one of the following: an itchy rash, throat or tongue swelling, shortness of breath, vomiting, lightheadedness, low blood pressure, and temporary blindness.

Anaphylaxis [SEP] Introduction


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: how does the latter effect?

Context: Yes, Mast cell activation disorders.

Context: can you name a few.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the above mentioned granules?

Context: what is it made up of ?

Context: what is its main purpose ?

Context: Storage.

Context: what are the symptoms of the first mentioned disease ?

Context: An itchy rash, throat or tongue swelling, shortness of breath, vomiting, lightheadedness, low blood pressure, and temporary blindness.

Question: can you explain what is the second last mentioned symptom?

Answer: A systolic blood pressure of less than 90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or diastolic of less than 60 mm Hg is generally considered to be hypotension or low blood pressure.

Explanation: Hypotension is low blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. Blood pressure is indicated by two numbers, the systolic blood pressure (the top number) and the diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number), which are the maximum and minimum blood pressures, respectively. A systolic blood pressure of less than 90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or diastolic of less than 60 mm Hg is generally considered to be hypotension.

Hypotension [SEP] Introduction

Hypotension is the opposite of hypertension, which is high blood pressure. It is best understood as a physiological state rather than a disease. Severely low blood pressure can deprive the brain and other vital organs of oxygen and nutrients, leading to a life-threatening condition called shock. Hypotension can be caused by low blood volume (hypovolemia), hormonal changes, widening of blood vessels, anemia, heart problems, or endocrine problems. Some medications can also lead to hypotension. There are also syndromes that can cause hypotension in patients including orthostatic hypotension, vasovagal syncope, and other rarer conditions.


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: how does the latter effect?

Context: Yes, Mast cell activation disorders.

Context: can you name a few.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the above mentioned granules?

Context: what is it made up of ?

Context: what is its main purpose ?

Context: Storage.

Context: can you explain what is the second last mentioned symptom?

Context: A systolic blood pressure of less than 90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or diastolic of less than 60 mm Hg is generally considered to be hypotension or low blood pressure.

Question: how is this measured?

Answer: Arterial pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which uses the height of a column of mercury, or an aneroid gauge, to reflect the blood pressure by auscultation.

Blood pressure [SEP] Measurement

Arterial pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which uses the height of a column of mercury, or an aneroid gauge, to reflect the blood pressure by auscultation. The most common automated blood pressure measurement technique is based on the oscillometric method. Fully automated oscillometric measurement has been available since 1981. This principle has recently been used to measure blood pressure with a smartphone. Measuring pressure invasively, by penetrating the arterial wall to take the measurement, is much less common and usually restricted to a hospital setting. Novel methods to measure blood pressure without penetrating the arterial wall, and without applying any pressure on patient's body are currently being explored.


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: how does the latter effect?

Context: Yes, Mast cell activation disorders.

Context: can you name a few.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the above mentioned granules?

Context: what is it made up of ?

Context: what is its main purpose ?

Context: Storage.

Context: how is this measured?

Context: Arterial pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which uses the height of a column of mercury, or an aneroid gauge, to reflect the blood pressure by auscultation.

Question: which organ is this associated to ?

Answer: The heart.

Blood pressure [SEP] Introduction

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in the large arteries. Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one heartbeat) over diastolic pressure (minimum pressure between two heartbeats) in the cardiac cycle. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) above the surrounding atmospheric pressure. Blood pressure is one of the vital signs—together with respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature—that healthcare professionals use in evaluating a patient's health.


Context: Incorrect.

Context: why does this happen?

Context: how does the latter effect?

Context: Yes, Mast cell activation disorders.

Context: can you name a few.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the above mentioned granules?

Context: what is it made up of ?

Context: what is its main purpose ?

Context: Storage.

Context: how is this measured?

Context: which organ is this associated to ?

Context: The heart.

Question: what is the functioning of this organ?

Answer: Arterial pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which uses the height of a column of mercury, or an aneroid gauge, to reflect the blood pressure by auscultation.

Heart [SEP] Introduction

The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs. In humans, the heart is approximately the size of a closed fist and is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest. In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles. Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the "right heart" and their left counterparts as the "left heart".


Question: what route is the george washington bridge on

Answer: Interstate 95 (I-95) and U.S. Route 1/9 (US 1/9, composed of US 1 and US 9)

Explanation: Interstate 95 (I-95) and U.S. Route 1/9 (US 1/9, composed of US 1 and US 9) cross the river via the bridge.

George Washington Bridge [SEP] Introduction

The New Jersey Turnpike (part of I-95) and U.S. Route 46 (US 46), which lie entirely within New Jersey, terminate halfway across the bridge at the state border with New York. At its eastern terminus in New York City, the bridge continues onto the Trans-Manhattan Expressway (part of I-95, connecting to the Cross Bronx Expressway).


Context: what route is the george washington bridge on

Context: Interstate 95 (I-95) and U.S. Route 1/9 (US 1/9, composed of US 1 and US 9)

Question: when did its construction begin?

Answer: September 21, 1927

George Washington Bridge [SEP] First contracts

Montgomery B. Case, chief construction engineer, began construction on the Hudson River bridge began on September 21, 1927 with groundbreaking ceremonies held at the sites of both future suspension towers. Each tower was to have a base with a perimeter measuring , and descending 80 feet into the riverbed. The riverbed around the towers' sites was dredged first, and then steel pilings were placed in the riverbed to create a watertight cofferdam. The cofferdams for the bridge were the largest ever built at the time. In early October of that year, the Port Authority received bids for the construction of the bridge deck.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Question: when was its construction completed?

Answer: June 1931

Explanation: In June 1931, forty bankers became the first people to cross the bridge.

George Washington Bridge [SEP] Nearing completion


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Question: who proposed the plan for it?

Answer: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Explanation: . In May 1924, Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene, the New York Superintendent of Public Works, announced a plan to construct a suspension bridge between Fort Lee in New Jersey, and 179th Street at Fort Washington in New York. At that location, both sides were surrounded by steep cliffs (The Palisades on the New Jersey side, and Washington Heights on the New York side). Thus, it was possible to build the bridge without either impeding maritime traffic or requiring lengthy approach ramps from ground level.

George Washington Bridge [SEP] Planning

Around the same time, the New York state legislature was also considering a similar bill. A dispute developed between New York civic groups, who supported the construction of the Hudson River Bridge; and the Parks Conservation Association, who believed that the bridge towers would degrade the quality of Fort Washington Park directly underneath the proposed bridge's deck. In late March 1925, the chairman of the Parks Conservation Association noted that the proposed New York state legislation would provide for the actual construction of the bridge, rather than just the planning. Ultimately, the Hudson River bridge bill was passed in the New York state legislature, and New York Governor Al Smith approved the bill that April.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Question: who is he?

Answer: Superintendent of Public Works of New York State

Frederick Stuart Greene [SEP] Introduction

Frederick Stuart Greene (1870 - March 26, 1939), was Superintendent of Public Works of New York State. Greene was an outspoken opponent to the scope of the United States Numbered Highways system during its planning.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: Superintendent of Public Works of New York State

Question: did any expansion take place?

Answer: Yes. In 1957

George Washington Bridge [SEP] Expansion and late 20th century

The lower deck was approved by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A Bergen County leader voted against the construction of the lower level in 1956, temporarily delaying construction plans. The New York City Planning Commission approved the George Washington Bridge improvement in June 1957, and the Port Authority allocated funds to the improvement that July. The $183million project included the construction of the lower deck; the George Washington Bridge Expressway, a 12-lane expressway connecting to the Alexander Hamilton Bridge and the Cross Bronx Expressway (later I-95 and US 9); the George Washington Bridge Bus Station above the expressway; and a series of new ramps to and from the Henry Hudson Parkway.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Question: what was the expansion?

Answer: Construction of the lower deck, the George Washington Bridge Expressway, the George Washington Bridge Bus Station above the expressway and a series of new ramps

Explanation: The $183million project included the construction of the lower deck; the George Washington Bridge Expressway, a 12-lane expressway connecting to the Alexander Hamilton Bridge and the Cross Bronx Expressway (later I-95 and US 9); the George Washington Bridge Bus Station above the expressway; and a series of new ramps to and from the Henry Hudson Parkway. On the New Jersey side, two depressed toll plazas, one in each direction, were to be constructed for lower level traffic. Highway connections were also being built on the New Jersey side, including a direct approach from I-95.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: Construction of the lower deck, the George Washington Bridge Expressway, the George Washington Bridge Bus Station above the expressway and a series of new ramps

Question: describe in few words about the bus station?

Answer: The station is built over the Trans-Manhattan Expressway between 178th and 179th Streets and Fort Washington and Wadsworth Avenues, and features direct bus ramps on and off the upper level of the bridge

George Washington Bridge Bus Station [SEP] Description

The station is built over the Trans-Manhattan Expressway (Interstate 95) between 178th and 179th Streets and Fort Washington and Wadsworth Avenues, and features direct bus ramps on and off the upper level of the bridge. The building was designed by noted Italian engineer Pier Luigi Nervi and is one of only a few buildings he designed outside of Italy. It opened January 13, 1963 as a replacement for a series of sidewalk bus loading areas that existed between 166th and 167th streets further south. The building is constructed of huge steel-reinforced concrete trusses, fourteen of which are cantilevered from supports in the median of the Trans-Manhattan Expressway, which it straddles.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: describe in few words about the bus station?

Context: The station is built over the Trans-Manhattan Expressway between 178th and 179th Streets and Fort Washington and Wadsworth Avenues, and features direct bus ramps on and off the upper level of the bridge

Question: what are the bus services the bus station offers?

Answer: New York City Transit Authority, New Jersey Transit, and Coach USA (Rockland Coaches and Short Line) and Spanish Transportation with its Express Service jitneys serve this station

George Washington Bridge Bus Station [SEP] Bus service

, the bus lines detailed below serve the terminal for the New York City Transit Authority, New Jersey Transit, and Coach USA (Rockland Coaches and Short Line). Service is also provided by Spanish Transportation with its Express Service jitneys. On September 20, 2017, Greyhound announced that it would be providing service to the station starting September 27, while keeping the Port Authority Bus Terminal as its primary New York City location.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: what are the bus services the bus station offers?

Context: New York City Transit Authority, New Jersey Transit, and Coach USA (Rockland Coaches and Short Line) and Spanish Transportation with its Express Service jitneys serve this station

Question: what is the third service?

Answer: A holding company for various American transportation service providers providing scheduled intercity bus service, local and commuter bus transit, city sightseeing, tour, yellow school bus, and charter bus service

Coach USA [SEP] Introduction

Coach USA, LLC is a holding company for various American transportation service providers providing scheduled intercity bus service, local and commuter bus transit, city sightseeing, tour, yellow school bus, and charter bus service. It is owned by Variant Equity Advisors.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: what is the third service?

Context: A holding company for various American transportation service providers providing scheduled intercity bus service, local and commuter bus transit, city sightseeing, tour, yellow school bus, and charter bus service

Question: when was it established?

Answer: 1922

Coach USA [SEP] History

Coach USA traces its history back to 1922 as Lackawanna Bus and later Consolidated Bus Lines, a small outfit operating local service in Bergen County, New Jersey and later along the Jersey Shore and throughout the New York metropolitan area founded by Jim and Denis Gallagher. Community Coach, today the headquarters of Coach USA, began operations in 1958 under Denis's brother, John. The latter took over the operations of Consolidated Bus Lines, using the operating authority of another company that the Gallagher family had purchased in Paramus, New Jersey three years prior; through other acquisitions by the Gallagher family, six of these companies would become subsidiaries of Coach USA at its inception in 1995, when Frank Gallagher sold the firms to Notre Capital Ventures.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: what is the third service?

Context: when was it established?

Question: what are the various companies operating it?

Answer: Intercity operator Megabus

Explanation: , Coach USA includes the following local operating companies, along with intercity operator Megabus:

Coach USA [SEP] Operating companies


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: what is the third service?

Context: when was it established?

Context: what are the various companies operating it?

Context: Intercity operator Megabus

Question: what is a megabus?

Answer: Intercity bus service of Coach USA/Coach Canada and DATTCO

Megabus (North America) [SEP] Introduction

Megabus, branded as megabus.com, is an intercity bus service of Coach USA/Coach Canada and DATTCO (under contract) operating in the eastern, southern, midwestern, and western United States and in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Some tickets, if purchased well in advance, are priced as low as $1, with occasional free promotions, in addition to an online booking fee of $2.50 per transaction. Megabus follows the yield management model, typically used by airlines, where the lowest fares are offered to those who book early. Only one or two seats are sold for $0 or $1 per schedule, so the less popular schedules tend to be less expensive.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: what is the third service?

Context: when was it established?

Context: Intercity operator Megabus

Context: what is a megabus?

Context: Intercity bus service of Coach USA/Coach Canada and DATTCO

Question: does the bus service have any route towards canada?

Answer: Yes. In the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec

Explanation: Megabus, branded as megabus.com, is an intercity bus service of Coach USA/Coach Canada and DATTCO (under contract) operating in the eastern, southern, midwestern, and western United States and in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec.

Bus stops may be in public streets, bus stations, outside railroad stations or transportation centers in major cities, or on college campuses or at shopping centers in other cities. Upon purchase of a ticket, passengers are given a reservation number to be shown to the bus operator upon boarding. In the United States, tickets are not available from the bus operator. In Canada, owing to franchise regulations, tickets are sold at stops but may be more expensive than those purchased online.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: what is the third service?

Context: when was it established?

Context: Intercity operator Megabus

Context: what is a megabus?

Context: does the bus service have any route towards canada?

Context: Yes. In the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec

Question: describe in few words about the geographical aspect of the latter province?

Answer: Located in the eastern part of Canada and part of Central Canada, it occupies a territory nearly three times the size of France or Texas, most of which is very sparsely populated

Quebec [SEP] Geography

Located in the eastern part of Canada, and (from a historical and political perspective) part of Central Canada, Quebec occupies a territory nearly three times the size of France or Texas, most of which is very sparsely populated. Its topography is very different from one region to another due to the varying composition of the ground, the climate (latitude and altitude), and the proximity to water. The Saint Lawrence Lowland and the Appalachians are the two main topographic regions in southern Quebec, while the Canadian Shield occupies most of central and northern Quebec.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: what is the third service?

Context: when was it established?

Context: Intercity operator Megabus

Context: what is a megabus?

Context: describe in few words about the geographical aspect of the latter province?

Context: Located in the eastern part of Canada and part of Central Canada, it occupies a territory nearly three times the size of France or Texas, most of which is very sparsely populated

Question: what is its national symbol?

Answer: Coat of arms reflecting French rule (gold lily on blue background), British rule (lion on red background) and Canadian rule (maple leaves) and with Quebec's motto below "Je me souviens"

Quebec [SEP] National symbols

In 1939, the government of Quebec unilaterally ratified its coat of arms to reflect Quebec's political history: French rule (gold lily on blue background), British rule (lion on red background) and Canadian rule (maple leaves) and with Quebec's motto below "Je me souviens". Je me souviens ("I remember") was first carved under the coat of arms of Quebec's Parliament Building façade in 1883. It is an official part of the coat of arms and has been the official licence plate motto since 1978, replacing ""La belle province"" (the beautiful province). The expression "La belle province" is still used mostly in tourism as a nickname for the province.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: what is the third service?

Context: when was it established?

Context: Intercity operator Megabus

Context: what is a megabus?

Context: what is its national symbol?

Context: Coat of arms reflecting French rule (gold lily on blue background), British rule (lion on red background) and Canadian rule (maple leaves) and with Quebec's motto below "Je me souviens"

Question: is there any act named after the province?

Answer: Yes. Quebec Act of 1774

Quebec [SEP] Quebec Act

These efforts by the colonial governors eventually resulted in enactment of the Quebec Act of 1774. The Quebec Act provided the people of Quebec their first Charter of Rights and paved the way to later official recognition of the French language and French culture. The act also allowed the French speakers, known as Canadiens, to maintain French civil law and sanctioned freedom of religion, allowing the Roman Catholic Church to remain, one of the first cases in history of state-sanctioned freedom of religious practice.


Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: what is the third service?

Context: when was it established?

Context: Intercity operator Megabus

Context: what is a megabus?

Context: what is its national symbol?

Context: is there any act named after the province?

Context: Yes. Quebec Act of 1774

Question: describe the culture over there?

Answer: It is at the center of French-speaking culture in North America and its culture is a symbol of a distinct perspective

Quebec [SEP] Culture

Quebec is at the centre of French-speaking culture in North America. Its culture is a symbol of a distinct perspective. Quebec nationalism has been one expression of this perspective. Quebec's culture blends its historic roots with its aboriginal heritage and the contributions of recent immigrants, as well as receiving a strong influence from English-speaking North America. Montreal's cabarets rose to the forefront of the city's cultural life during the Prohibition era of Canada and the United States in the 1920s. The cabarets radically transformed the artistic scene, greatly influencing the live entertainment industry of Quebec. The Quartier Latin (English: Latin Quarter) of Montreal, and Vieux-Québec (English: Old Quebec) in Quebec City, are two hubs of activity for today's artists.


Context: what route is the george washington bridge on

Context: Interstate 95 (I-95) and U.S. Route 1/9 (US 1/9, composed of US 1 and US 9)

Context: when did its construction begin?

Context: September 21, 1927

Context: when was its construction completed?

Context: June 1931

Context: who proposed the plan for it?

Context: Colonel Frederick Stuart Greene

Context: who is he?

Context: Superintendent of Public Works of New York State

Context: did any expansion take place?

Context: Yes. In 1957

Context: what was the expansion?

Context: Construction of the lower deck, the George Washington Bridge Expressway, the George Washington Bridge Bus Station above the expressway and a series of new ramps

Context: describe in few words about the bus station?

Context: The station is built over the Trans-Manhattan Expressway between 178th and 179th Streets and Fort Washington and Wadsworth Avenues, and features direct bus ramps on and off the upper level of the bridge

Context: what are the bus services the bus station offers?

Context: New York City Transit Authority, New Jersey Transit, and Coach USA (Rockland Coaches and Short Line) and Spanish Transportation with its Express Service jitneys serve this station

Context: what is the third service?

Context: A holding company for various American transportation service providers providing scheduled intercity bus service, local and commuter bus transit, city sightseeing, tour, yellow school bus, and charter bus service

Context: when was it established?

Context: what are the various companies operating it?

Context: Intercity operator Megabus

Context: what is a megabus?

Context: Intercity bus service of Coach USA/Coach Canada and DATTCO

Context: does the bus service have any route towards canada?

Context: Yes. In the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec

Context: describe in few words about the geographical aspect of the latter province?

Context: Located in the eastern part of Canada and part of Central Canada, it occupies a territory nearly three times the size of France or Texas, most of which is very sparsely populated

Context: what is its national symbol?

Context: Coat of arms reflecting French rule (gold lily on blue background), British rule (lion on red background) and Canadian rule (maple leaves) and with Quebec's motto below "Je me souviens"

Context: is there any act named after the province?

Context: Yes. Quebec Act of 1774

Context: describe the culture over there?

Context: It is at the center of French-speaking culture in North America and its culture is a symbol of a distinct perspective

Question: describe a few street art performances over there?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Quebec [SEP] Circus and street art

Several circus troupes were created in recent decades, the most important being without any doubt the Cirque du Soleil. Among these troops are contemporary, travelling and on-horseback circuses, such as Les 7 Doigts de la Main, Cirque Éloize, Cavalia, "Kosmogonia", "Saka" and Cirque "Akya". Presented outdoors under a tent or in venues similar to the Montreal Casino, the circuses attract large crowds both in Quebec and abroad. In the manner of touring companies of the Renaissance, the clowns, street performers, minstrels, or troubadours travel from city to city to play their comedies. Although they may appear randomly from time to time during the year, they are always visible in the cultural events such as the Winterlude in Gatineau, the Quebec Winter Carnival, the Gatineau Hot Air Balloon Festival, the Quebec City Summer Festival, the Just for Laughs Festival in Montreal and the Festival of New France in Quebec.


Question: where is the nuclear waste stored in the united states

Answer: The Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository

Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository [SEP] Introduction

The Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository, as designated by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act amendments of 1987, is a proposed deep geological repository storage facility within Yucca Mountain for spent nuclear fuel and other high-level radioactive waste in the United States. The site is on federal land adjacent to the Nevada Test Site in Nye County, Nevada, about northwest of the Las Vegas Valley. The project was approved in 2002 by the 107th United States Congress, but federal funding for the site ended in 2011 under the Obama Administration via amendment to the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, passed on April 14, 2011.


Context: where is the nuclear waste stored in the united states

Question: where is it located?

Answer: Within the Yucca Mountains, on federal land adjacent to the Nevada Test Site in Nye County, Nevada, about northwest of the Las Vegas Valley.

Explanation: The Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository, as designated by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act amendments of 1987, is a proposed deep geological repository storage facility within Yucca Mountain for spent nuclear fuel and other high-level radioactive waste in the United States. The site is on federal land adjacent to the Nevada Test Site in Nye County, Nevada, about northwest of the Las Vegas Valley.


Context: where is it located?

Context: Within the Yucca Mountains, on federal land adjacent to the Nevada Test Site in Nye County, Nevada, about northwest of the Las Vegas Valley.

Question: what all facilities do they have?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: where is it located?

Context: what all facilities do they have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how is this repository associated with earthquakes?

Answer: Analysis of the available data in 1996 indicates that, since 1976, there have been 621 seismic events of magnitude greater than 2.5 within a radius of Yucca Mountain.

Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository [SEP] Earthquakes

Nevada ranks fourth in the nation for current seismic activity. Earthquake databases (the Council of the National Seismic System Composite Catalogue and the Southern Great Basin Seismic Network) provide current and historical earthquake information. Analysis of the available data in 1996 indicates that, since 1976, there have been 621 seismic events of magnitude greater than 2.5 within a radius of Yucca Mountain. DOE has stated that seismic and tectonic effects on the natural systems at Yucca Mountain will not significantly affect repository performance. Yucca Mountain lies in a region of ongoing tectonic deformation, but the deformation rates are too slow to significantly affect the mountain during the 10,000-year regulatory compliance period.


Context: where is it located?

Context: what all facilities do they have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this repository associated with earthquakes?

Context: Analysis of the available data in 1996 indicates that, since 1976, there have been 621 seismic events of magnitude greater than 2.5 within a radius of Yucca Mountain.

Question: what can you tell me about the climate of the aforesaid valley?

Answer: It has a subtropical hot-desert climate

Las Vegas Valley [SEP] Climate

The Las Vegas Valley lies in a relatively high-altitude portion of the Mojave Desert, with a subtropical hot-desert climate. The Valley generally averages less than of rain annually. Daily daytime summer temperatures in July and August typically range from to , while nights generally range from to . Very low humidity, however, tempers the effect of these temperatures, though dehydration, heat exhaustion, and sun stroke can occur after even a limited time outdoors in the summer. The interiors of automobiles often prove deadly to small children and pets during the summer and surfaces exposed to the sun can cause first- and second-degree burns to unprotected skin.


Context: where is it located?

Context: what all facilities do they have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what can you tell me about the climate of the aforesaid valley?

Context: It has a subtropical hot-desert climate

Question: how is this identified?

Answer: This definition is a roughly rectangular area, about from east to west and from north to south. Notable exclusions from the "Urban Planning Area" include Red Rock, Blue Diamond, and Mount Charleston.

Las Vegas Valley [SEP] Boundaries

The valley is contained in the Las Vegas Valley landform. This includes the cities of Las Vegas, North Las Vegas, and Henderson, and the unincorporated towns of Summerlin South, Paradise, Spring Valley, Sunrise Manor, Enterprise, Winchester, and Whitney. The valley is located within the larger metropolitan area, as the metropolitan area covers all of Clark County including parts that do not fall within the valley. The government of Clark County has an "Urban Planning Area" of Las Vegas. This definition is a roughly rectangular area, about from east to west and from north to south. Notable exclusions from the "Urban Planning Area" include Red Rock, Blue Diamond, and Mount Charleston.


Context: where is it located?

Context: what all facilities do they have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: It has a subtropical hot-desert climate

Context: how is this identified?

Context: This definition is a roughly rectangular area, about from east to west and from north to south. Notable exclusions from the "Urban Planning Area" include Red Rock, Blue Diamond, and Mount Charleston.

Question: what is their main source of economy?

Answer: Tourism industry, shopping, conventions, fine dining, and outdoor beauty.

Las Vegas Valley [SEP] Economy

The driving force in Las Vegas is the tourism industry and the area has about 150,000 hotel rooms, more than any other city in the world. In the past, casinos and celebrity shows were the two major attractions for the area. Now shopping, conventions, fine dining, and outdoor beauty are also major forces in attracting tourist dollars. Las Vegas serves as world headquarters for the world's two largest Fortune 500 gaming companies, Caesars Entertainment and MGM Resorts International. Several companies involved in the manufacture of electronic gaming machines, such as slot machines, are located in the Las Vegas area. In the first decade of the 21st century, shopping and dining have become attractions of their own.


Context: where is it located?

Context: what all facilities do they have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: It has a subtropical hot-desert climate

Context: how is this identified?

Context: what is their main source of economy?

Context: Tourism industry, shopping, conventions, fine dining, and outdoor beauty.

Question: what is their main tourist attraction?

Answer: The hotel/casinos - large gambling areas, theaters for live performances, shopping, bars/clubs, and several restaurants and cafes on the Las Vegas Strip.

Explanation: The major attractions in the Las Vegas Valley are the hotel/casinos. These hotels generally consist of large gambling areas, theaters for live performances, shopping, bars/clubs, and several restaurants and cafes. There are clusters of large hotel/casinos located in both downtown Las Vegas and on the Las Vegas Strip. The largest hotels are mainly located on the Strip, which is a four-mile section of Las Vegas Boulevard. These hotels provide thousands of rooms of various sizes. Fifteen of the world's 25 largest hotels by room count are on the Strip, with a total of over 62,000 rooms. There are many hotel/casinos in the city's downtown area as well, which was the original focal point of the Valley's gaming industry. Several hotel/casinos ranging from large to small are also located around the city and metro area. Many of the largest hotel, casino, and resort properties in the world are located on the Las Vegas Strip.

Las Vegas Valley [SEP] Tourism


Context: where is it located?

Context: what all facilities do they have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: It has a subtropical hot-desert climate

Context: how is this identified?

Context: what is their main source of economy?

Context: what is their main tourist attraction?

Context: The hotel/casinos - large gambling areas, theaters for live performances, shopping, bars/clubs, and several restaurants and cafes on the Las Vegas Strip.

Question: do the last mentioned place have amusement parks?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Las Vegas Valley [SEP] Tourism


Context: where is it located?

Context: what all facilities do they have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: It has a subtropical hot-desert climate

Context: how is this identified?

Context: what is their main source of economy?

Context: what is their main tourist attraction?

Context: do the last mentioned place have amusement parks?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what kind of culture can you see in the valley?

Answer: The "First Friday" celebration, held on the first Friday of each month, exhibits the works of local artists and musicians in an area just south of downtown; the city also has an extensive Downtown Arts District.

Las Vegas Valley [SEP] Culture and the arts

The "First Friday" celebration, held on the first Friday of each month, exhibits the works of local artists and musicians in an area just south of downtown. The city is home to an extensive Downtown Arts District which hosts numerous galleries, film festivals, and events. The Southern Nevada Zoological-Botanical Park, also known as the Las Vegas Zoo, used to exhibit over 150 species of animals and plants. The Zoo closed its doors in September, 2013. The Shark Reef Aquarium at Mandalay Bay is the only aquarium that is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in the state of Nevada.


Question: what is hassium?

Answer: It is a chemical element.

Hassium [SEP] Introduction

Hassium is a chemical element with the symbol Hs and the atomic number 108. Hassium is highly radioactive; its most stable known isotopes have half-lives of approximately ten seconds. One of its isotopes, Hs, has magic numbers of both protons and neutrons for deformed nuclei, which gives it greater stability against spontaneous fission. Hassium is a superheavy element; it has been produced in a laboratory only in very small quantities by fusing heavy nuclei with lighter ones. Natural occurrences of the element have been hypothesised, but none have ever been found. In the periodic table of elements, hassium is a transactinide element, a member of the 7th period and group8; it is thus the sixth member of the 6d series of transition metals.


Context:
what is hassium?
It is a chemical element.

Question: where is it naturally found?

Answer: It is not known to occur naturally on Earth.

Hassium [SEP] Natural occurrence

Hassium is not known to occur naturally on Earth; the half-lives of all its known isotopes are short enough that no primordial hassium would have survived to the present day. This does not rule out the possibility of the existence of unknown, longer-lived isotopes or nuclear isomers, some of which could still exist in trace quantities if they are long-lived enough. As early as 1914, German physicist Richard Swinne proposed element 108 as a source of X-rays in the Greenland ice sheet. Although Swinne was unable to verify this observation and thus did not claim discovery, he proposed in 1931 the existence of "regions" of long-lived transuranic elements, including one around "Z" = 108.


Context: what is hassium?

Context: It is a chemical element.

Context: where is it naturally found?

Context: It is not known to occur naturally on Earth.

Question: is it used in any fusion reactions?

Answer: Yes, it was used in Cold fusion.

Hassium [SEP] Cold fusion

Nuclear reactions used in the 1960s resulted in high excitation energies that required expulsion of four or five neutrons; these reactions used targets made of elements with high atomic numbers to maximize the size difference between the two nuclei in a reaction. While this increased the chance of fusion due to the lower electrostatic repulsion between the target and the projectile, the formed compound nuclei often broke apart and did not survive to form a new element. Moreover, fusion processes inevitably produce neutron-poor nuclei, as heavier elements require more neutrons per proton to maximize stability; therefore, the necessary ejection of neutrons results in final products with typically have shorter lifetimes.


Context: what is hassium?

Context: It is a chemical element.

Context: where is it naturally found?

Context: is it used in any fusion reactions?

Context: Yes, it was used in Cold fusion.

Question: where does the name of the element come from?

Answer: Under Mendeleev's nomenclature, It would be known as "eka-osmium", as in "the first element below osmium in the periodic table".

Hassium [SEP] Naming

The discoverers held the right to name an element, but their name would be subject to approval by IUPAC. The Commission of Atomic Weights distanced itself from element naming in most cases. Under Mendeleev's nomenclature for unnamed and undiscovered elements, hassium would be known as "eka-osmium", as in "the first element below osmium in the periodic table" (from Sanskrit "eka" meaning "one"). In 1979, IUPAC published recommendations according to which the element was to be called "unniloctium" and assigned the corresponding symbol of "Uno", a systematic element name as a placeholder until the element was discovered and the discovery then confirmed, and a permanent name was decided.


Context: what is hassium?

Context: It is a chemical element.

Context: where is it naturally found?

Context: is it used in any fusion reactions?

Context: Yes, it was used in Cold fusion.

Context: where does the name of the element come from?

Context: Under Mendeleev's nomenclature, It would be known as "eka-osmium", as in "the first element below osmium in the periodic table".

Question: what are the physical properties of the above-mentioned element?

Answer: It should crystallize in the hexagonal close-packed structure.

Explanation: Hassium should crystallize in the hexagonal close-packed structure (/ = 1.59), similarly to its lighter congener osmium. Pure metallic hassium is calculated to have a bulk modulus (resistance to uniform compression) of 450 GPa, comparable with that of diamond, 442 GPa. Hassium is expected to have a bulk density of 41 g/cm at standard pressure and temperature, the highest of any of the 118 known elements and nearly twice the highest density of an element observed to this day (22.6 g/cm).

Hassium [SEP] Physical and atomic

The atomic radius of hassium is expected to be around 126 pm. Due to the relativistic stabilization of the 7s orbital and destabilization of the 6d orbital, the Hs ion is predicted to have an electron configuration of [Rn] 5f 6d 7s, giving up a 6d electron instead of a 7s electron, which is the opposite of the behaviour of its lighter homologues. The Hs ion is expected to have an electron configuration of [Rn] 5f 6d 7s, analogous to that calculated for the Os ion. In chemical compounds, hassium is calculated to display bonding characteristic for a d-block element, whose bonding will be primarily executed by 6d and 6d orbitals; compared to the elements from the previous periods, 7s, 6p, 6p, and 7p orbitals should be more important.


Context: what is hassium?

Context: It is a chemical element.

Context: where is it naturally found?

Context: is it used in any fusion reactions?

Context: Yes, it was used in Cold fusion.

Context: what are the physical properties of the above-mentioned element?

Context: It should crystallize in the hexagonal close-packed structure.

Question: where is this used?

Answer: It is used in the field of Experimental chemistry.

Hassium [SEP] Experimental chemistry

The first goal for chemical investigation was the formation of the tetroxide; it was chosen because ruthenium and osmium form volatile tetroxides, being the only transition metals to display a stable compound in the +8 oxidation state. Despite this selection for gas-phase chemical studies being clear from the beginning, chemical characterization of hassium was considered a difficult task for a long time. Although hassium isotopes were first synthesized in 1984, it was not until 1996 that a hassium isotope long-lived enough to allow chemical studies was synthesized. Unfortunately, this hassium isotope, Hs, was synthesized indirectly from the decay of Cn; not only are indirect synthesis methods not favourable for chemical studies, but the reaction that produced the isotope Cn had a low yield—its cross section was only 1 pb—and thus did not provide enough hassium atoms for a chemical investigation.


Context: what is hassium?

Context: It is a chemical element.

Context: where is it naturally found?

Context: is it used in any fusion reactions?

Context: Yes, it was used in Cold fusion.

Context: where is this used?

Context: It is used in the field of Experimental chemistry.

Question: are any precautions needed while using it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hassium [SEP] Experimental chemistry


Context: what is hassium?

Context: It is a chemical element.

Context: where is it naturally found?

Context: is it used in any fusion reactions?

Context: Yes, it was used in Cold fusion.

Context: where is this used?

Context: are any precautions needed while using it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the table used to describe the elements?

Answer: periodic table

Explanation: In the periodic table of elements, hassium is a transactinide element, a member of the 7th period and group8; it is thus the sixth member of the 6d series of transition metals.

Hassium [SEP] Introduction

GSI formally announced they wished to name the element "hassium" after the German state of Hesse (Hassia in Latin) home to the facility in 1992; this name was accepted as final in 1997.


Context: what is hassium?

Context: It is a chemical element.

Context: where is it naturally found?

Context: is it used in any fusion reactions?

Context: Yes, it was used in Cold fusion.

Context: where is this used?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the table used to describe the elements?

Context: periodic table

Question: who invented this system?

Answer: Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

Periodic table [SEP] Mendeleev's table

Mendeleev was not the first chemist to do so, but he was the first to be recognized as using the trends in his periodic table to predict the properties of those missing elements, such as gallium and germanium. The second decision was to occasionally ignore the order suggested by the atomic weights and switch adjacent elements, such as tellurium and iodine, to better classify them into chemical families. Mendeleev published in 1869, using atomic weight to organize the elements, information determinable to fair precision in his time. Atomic weight worked well enough to allow Mendeleev to accurately predict the properties of missing elements.


Context: what is hassium?

Context: It is a chemical element.

Context: where is it naturally found?

Context: is it used in any fusion reactions?

Context: Yes, it was used in Cold fusion.

Context: where is this used?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: periodic table

Context: who invented this system?

Context: Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

Question: where was he born?

Answer: In the village of Verkhnie Aremzyani, near Tobolsk in Siberia.

Dmitri Mendeleev [SEP] Early life

Mendeleev was born in the village of Verkhnie Aremzyani, near Tobolsk in Siberia, to Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev (1783–1847) and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (née Kornilieva) (1793–1850). Ivan worked as a school principal and a teacher of fine arts, politics and philosophy at the Tambov and Saratov gymnasiums. Ivan's father, Pavel Maximovich Sokolov, was a Russian Orthodox priest from the Tver region. As per the tradition of priests of that time, Pavel's children were given new family names while attending the theological seminary, with Ivan getting the family name Mendeleev after the name of a local landlord. Maria Kornilieva came from a well-known family of Tobolsk merchants, founders of the first Siberian printing house who traced their ancestry to Yakov Korniliev, a 17th-century posad man turned a wealthy merchant.


Context: what is hassium?

Context: It is a chemical element.

Context: where is it naturally found?

Context: is it used in any fusion reactions?

Context: Yes, it was used in Cold fusion.

Context: where is this used?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: periodic table

Context: who invented this system?

Context: Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

Context: where was he born?

Context: In the village of Verkhnie Aremzyani, near Tobolsk in Siberia.

Question: when did he invent the system mentioned above?

Answer: 1869

Explanation: On 6 March 1869, he made a formal presentation to the Russian Chemical Society, titled "The Dependence between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements", which described elements according to both atomic weight (now called "relative atomic mass") and valence. This presentation stated that

Dmitri Mendeleev [SEP] Periodic table

After becoming a teacher in 1867, Mendeleev wrote the definitive textbook of his time: "Principles of Chemistry" (two volumes, 1868–1870). It was written as he was preparing a textbook for his course. This is when he made his most important discovery. As he attempted to classify the elements according to their chemical properties, he noticed patterns that led him to postulate his periodic table; he claimed to have envisioned the complete arrangement of the elements in a dream: Unaware of the earlier work on periodic tables going on in the 1860s, he made the following table: By adding additional elements following this pattern, Mendeleev developed his extended version of the periodic table.


Context: what is hassium?

Context: It is a chemical element.

Context: where is it naturally found?

Context: is it used in any fusion reactions?

Context: Yes, it was used in Cold fusion.

Context: where is this used?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: periodic table

Context: who invented this system?

Context: Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

Context: where was he born?

Context: when did he invent the system mentioned above?

Question: apart from chemistry, what activities was he involved in?

Answer: He explored demographic issues,  promoted the merchant navy, and was active in improving the Russian petroleum industry.

Dmitri Mendeleev [SEP] Activities beyond chemistry

Beginning in the 1870s, he published widely beyond chemistry, looking at aspects of Russian industry, and technical issues in agricultural productivity. He explored demographic issues, sponsored studies of the Arctic Sea, tried to measure the efficacy of chemical fertilizers, and promoted the merchant navy. He was especially active in improving the Russian petroleum industry, making detailed comparisons with the more advanced industry in Pennsylvania. Although not well-grounded in economics, he had observed industry throughout his European travels, and in 1891 he helped convince the Ministry of Finance to impose temporary tariffs with the aim of fostering Russian infant industries. In 1890 he resigned his professorship at St.


Context: what is hassium?

Context: It is a chemical element.

Context: where is it naturally found?

Context: is it used in any fusion reactions?

Context: Yes, it was used in Cold fusion.

Context: where is this used?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: periodic table

Context: who invented this system?

Context: Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

Context: where was he born?

Context: apart from chemistry, what activities was he involved in?

Context: He explored demographic issues,  promoted the merchant navy, and was active in improving the Russian petroleum industry.

Question: did he receive any awards or recognitions?

Answer: His name was given to D. I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology.

Dmitri Mendeleev [SEP] Commemoration

A number of places and objects are associated with the name and achievements of the scientist. In Saint Petersburg his name was given to D. I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology, the National Metrology Institute, dealing with establishing and supporting national and worldwide standards for precise measurements. Next to it there is a monument to him that consists of his sitting statue and a depiction of his periodic table on the wall of the establishment. In the Twelve Collegia building, now being the centre of Saint Petersburg State University and in Mendeleev's time – Head Pedagogical Institute – there is Dmitry Mendeleev's Memorial Museum Apartment with his archives.


Question: who played the cop in little miss sunshine

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Little Miss Sunshine [SEP] Introduction

Little Miss Sunshine is a 2006 American comedy-drama road film and the directorial debut of the husband-wife team of Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris. The screenplay was written by first-time writer Michael Arndt. The film stars Greg Kinnear, Steve Carell, Toni Collette, Paul Dano, Abigail Breslin, and Alan Arkin, and was produced by Big Beach Films on a budget of US$8 million. Filming began on June 6, 2005, and took place over 30 days in Arizona and Southern California. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2006, and its distribution rights were bought by Fox Searchlight Pictures for one of the biggest deals made in the history of the festival.


Context: who played the cop in little miss sunshine

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is 'little miss sunshine'?

Answer: It is a 2006 American comedy-drama road film and the directorial debut of the husband-wife team of Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris.

Explanation: Little Miss Sunshine is a 2006 American comedy-drama road film and the directorial debut of the husband-wife team of Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris.

Little Miss Sunshine [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is 'little miss sunshine'?

Context: It is a 2006 American comedy-drama road film and the directorial debut of the husband-wife team of Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris.

Question: who was the film released by?

Answer: Sundance Film Festival

Little Miss Sunshine [SEP] Filming

Principal photography began on June 6, 2005. Filming took place over 30 days in Arizona and southern California, with scenes shot in keeping with the chronological order of the script. Arndt re-wrote the ending to the film six weeks before the film's release at the Sundance Film Festival, and this was filmed in December 2005. Post-production was completed four days before its screening on nine screens at the Sundance Film Festival, where it had its premiere. The film was dedicated to Rebecca Annitto, the niece of producer Peter Saraf and an extra in scenes set in the diner and the convenience store, who was killed in a car accident on September 14, 2005.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is 'little miss sunshine'?

Context: who was the film released by?

Context: Sundance Film Festival

Question: where does this festival take place?

Answer: It takes place in Park City, Utah, Salt Lake City, and at the Sundance Resort; United States.

Sundance Film Festival [SEP] Introduction

The Sundance Film Festival (formerly Utah/US Film Festival, then US Film and Video Festival) is an annual film festival organized by the Sundance Institute. It takes place each January in Park City, Utah, Salt Lake City, and at the Sundance Resort, and is the largest independent film festival in the United States. It includes competitive categories, includes documentary and dramatic films, both feature length and short films, in which awards are given, as well as out-of-competition categories for showcasing new films.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is 'little miss sunshine'?

Context: who was the film released by?

Context: Sundance Film Festival

Context: where does this festival take place?

Context: It takes place in Park City, Utah, Salt Lake City, and at the Sundance Resort; United States.

Question: how is the climate of the first place?

Answer: Summers are warm with cool nights, while winters are cold and snowy.

Park City, Utah [SEP] Climate

Summers in Park City are warm with cool nights, while winters are cold and snowy. The city has a humid continental climate (Köppen "Dfb"), though higher elevations within city limits may experience a subalpine ("Dfc") or alpine ("ET") climate.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is 'little miss sunshine'?

Context: who was the film released by?

Context: Sundance Film Festival

Context: where does this festival take place?

Context: how is the climate of the first place?

Context: Summers are warm with cool nights, while winters are cold and snowy.

Question: what is the population of this place?

Answer: As per the 2010 census, the population was 7,558.

Park City, Utah [SEP] Introduction

Park City is a city in Summit County, Utah, United States. It is considered to be part of the Wasatch Back. The city is southeast of downtown Salt Lake City and from Salt Lake City's east edge of Sugar House along Interstate 80. The population was 7,558 at the 2010 census. On average, the tourist population greatly exceeds the number of permanent residents. After a population decline following the shutdown of the area's mining industry, the city rebounded during the 1980s and 1990s through an expansion of its tourism business. The city currently brings in a yearly average of $529.8 million to the Utah Economy as a tourist hot spot, $80 million of which is attributed to the Sundance Film Festival.


Question: last part of the lord of the rings

Answer: The Return of the King

Explanation: The Return of the King"

The Lord of the Rings (film series) [SEP] Music

Howard Shore composed, orchestrated, conducted, and produced the trilogy's music. Shore visited the set in 1999, and composed a version of the Shire theme and Frodo's Theme before Jackson began shooting. In August 2000 he visited the set again, and watched the assembly cuts of "The Fellowship of the Ring" and "The Return of the King". In the music, Shore included many (85 to 110) leitmotifs to represent various characters, cultures, and places – the largest catalogue of leitmotifs in the history of cinema, surpassing – for comparison – that of the entire "Star Wars" film series. For example, there are multiple leitmotifs just for the hobbits and the Shire.


Context:
last part of the lord of the rings
The Return of the King

Question: was it a single film or a series of films?

Answer: The Lord of the Rings is a film series of three epic fantasy adventure films

The Lord of the Rings (film series) [SEP] Introduction

The Lord of the Rings is a film series of three epic fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson, based on the novel written by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled "" (2001), "" (2002) and "" (2003). Produced and distributed by New Line Cinema with the co-production of WingNut Films, it is an international venture between New Zealand and the United States. The films feature an ensemble cast including Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin, Cate Blanchett, John Rhys-Davies, Christopher Lee, Billy Boyd, Dominic Monaghan, Orlando Bloom, Hugo Weaving, Andy Serkis and Sean Bean.


Context: last part of the lord of the rings

Context: The Return of the King

Context: was it a single film or a series of films?

Context: The Lord of the Rings is a film series of three epic fantasy adventure films

Question: which were they?

Answer: "The Fellowship of the Ring","The Return of the King"

Explanation: "The Fellowship of the Ring" and "The Return of the King


Context: last part of the lord of the rings

Context: The Return of the King

Context: which were they?

Context: "The Fellowship of the Ring","The Return of the King"

Question: was this series a hit?

Answer: Yes

The Lord of the Rings (film series) [SEP] Effects on the film industry and tourism

As a result of the series' success, Peter Jackson has become a major figure in the film industry in the mould of Steven Spielberg and George Lucas, in the process befriending some industry heavyweights like Bryan Singer and Frank Darabont. Jackson has since founded his own film production company, Wingnut Films, as well as Wingnut Interactive, a video game company. He was also finally given a chance to remake "King Kong" in 2005. The film was a critical and box office success, although not as successful as the "Lord of the Rings" series. Jackson has been called a "favourite son" of New Zealand.


Context: last part of the lord of the rings

Context: The Return of the King

Context: which were they?

Context: was this series a hit?

Context: Yes

Question: how much money did it make?

Answer: First made around $887.8 million worldwide, second made $951.2 million worldwide and the third made a gross over $1 billion worldwide

Explanation: "" was released 19 December 2001. It grossed $47.2 million in its U.S. opening weekend and made around $887.8 million worldwide. A preview of "" was inserted just before the end credits near the end of the film's theatrical run. A promotional trailer was later released, containing music re-scored from the film "Requiem for a Dream". "The Two Towers" was released 18 December 2002. It grossed $62 million in its first U.S. weekend and out-grossed its predecessor with $951.2 million worldwide. The promotional trailer for "" was debuted exclusively before the New Line Cinema film "Secondhand Lions" on 23 September 2003. Released 17 December 2003, its first U.S. weekend gross was $72.6 million, and became the second film, after "Titanic" (1997), to gross over $1 billion worldwide.

The Lord of the Rings (film series) [SEP] Box office

The trilogy's online promotional trailer was first released on 27 April 2000, and set a new record for download hits, registering 1.7 million hits in the first 24 hours of its release. The trailer used a selection from the soundtrack for "Braveheart" and "The Shawshank Redemption" among other cuts. In 2001, 24 minutes of footage from the series, primarily the Moria sequence, was shown at the 54th Cannes Film Festival, and was very well received. The showing also included an area designed to look like Middle-earth. "" was released 19 December 2001. It grossed $47.2 million in its U.S. opening weekend and made around $887.8 million worldwide.


Context: last part of the lord of the rings

Context: The Return of the King

Context: which were they?

Context: was this series a hit?

Context: Yes

Context: how much money did it make?

Context: First made around $887.8 million worldwide, second made $951.2 million worldwide and the third made a gross over $1 billion worldwide

Question: who all have acted in it?

Answer: Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Viggo Mortensen

Explanation: he films feature an ensemble cast including Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin, Cate Blanchett, John Rhys-Davies, Christopher Lee, Billy Boyd, Dominic Monaghan, Orlando Bloom, Hugo Weaving, Andy Serkis and Sean Bean.

The three films were shot simultaneously and entirely in Jackson's native New Zealand from 11 October 1999 until 22 December 2000, with pick-up shots done from 2001 to 2004. It was one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with a budget of $281 million. The first film in the series premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on 10 December 2001; the second film premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on 5 December 2002; the third film premiered at the Embassy Theatre in Wellington on 1 December 2003. An extended edition of each film was released on home video a year after its theatrical release.


Context: last part of the lord of the rings

Context: The Return of the King

Context: which were they?

Context: was this series a hit?

Context: Yes

Context: how much money did it make?

Context: who all have acted in it?

Context: Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Viggo Mortensen

Question: which role did the first actor play in it?

Answer: Frodo Baggins

Set in the fictional world of Middle-earth, the films follow the hobbit Frodo Baggins as he and the Fellowship embark on a quest to destroy the One Ring, to ensure the destruction of its maker, the Dark Lord Sauron. The Fellowship eventually splits up and Frodo continues the quest with his loyal companion Sam and the treacherous Gollum. Meanwhile, Aragorn, heir in exile to the throne of Gondor, along with Legolas, Gimli, Boromir, Merry, Pippin and the wizard Gandalf, unite to rally the Free Peoples of Middle-earth in the War of the Ring in order to aid Frodo by distracting Sauron's attention.


Context: last part of the lord of the rings

Context: The Return of the King

Context: which were they?

Context: was this series a hit?

Context: Yes

Context: how much money did it make?

Context: who all have acted in it?

Context: which role did the first actor play in it?

Context: Frodo Baggins

Question: what sort of a character is it?

Answer: Frodo's character combines "courage, selflessness, and fidelity"

Frodo Baggins [SEP] Character

Michael Stanton, writing in the "J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia", describes Frodo's character as combining "courage, selflessness, and fidelity", attributes that make Frodo ideal as a Ring-bearer. He lacks Sam's simple sturdiness, Merry and Pippin's clowning, and the psychopathology of Gollum, writes Stanton, bearing out the saying that good is less exciting than evil; but Frodo grows through his quest, becoming "ennobled" by it, to the extent that returning to the Shire feels in Frodo's words "like falling asleep again".


Context: last part of the lord of the rings

Context: The Return of the King

Context: which were they?

Context: was this series a hit?

Context: Yes

Context: how much money did it make?

Context: who all have acted in it?

Context: Frodo Baggins

Context: what sort of a character is it?

Context: Frodo's character combines "courage, selflessness, and fidelity"

Question: was he the protagonist?

Answer: Yes, he is one of the protagonists

Frodo Baggins [SEP] Introduction

Frodo Baggins is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's writings, and one of the protagonists in "The Lord of the Rings". Frodo is a hobbit of the Shire who inherits the One Ring from his cousin Bilbo Baggins and undertakes the quest to destroy it in the fires of Mount Doom in Mordor. He is mentioned in Tolkien's posthumously published works, "The Silmarillion" and "Unfinished Tales". Frodo is repeatedly wounded during the quest, and becomes increasingly burdened by the Ring as it nears Mordor. He changes, too, growing in understanding and compassion, and avoiding violence. Frodo's name comes from the Old English name "Fróda", meaning "wise by experience".


Context: last part of the lord of the rings

Context: The Return of the King

Context: which were they?

Context: was this series a hit?

Context: Yes

Context: how much money did it make?

Context: who all have acted in it?

Context: Frodo Baggins

Context: what sort of a character is it?

Context: was he the protagonist?

Context: Yes, he is one of the protagonists

Question: who is the other one?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Frodo Baggins [SEP] Introduction


Question: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Answer: The term "Yoga" in the Western world often denotes a modern form of hatha yoga and yoga as exercise, consisting largely of the postures or asanas

Yoga [SEP] Introduction

Yoga (; ; ) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India. Yoga is one of the six Āstika (orthodox) schools of Hindu philosophical traditions. There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. The term "Yoga" in the Western world often denotes a modern form of hatha yoga and yoga as exercise, consisting largely of the postures or asanas. The practice of yoga has been thought to date back to pre-vedic Indian traditions; possibly in the Indus valley civilization around 3000 BCE. Yoga is mentioned in the Rigveda, and also referenced in the Upanishads.


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: The term "Yoga" in the Western world often denotes a modern form of hatha yoga and yoga as exercise, consisting largely of the postures or asanas

Question: what is its goal?

Answer: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Yoga [SEP] Goals

The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha" (liberation), although the exact form this takes depends on the philosophical or theological system with which it is conjugated. In the classical Astanga yoga system, the ultimate goal of yoga practice is to achieve the state of Samadhi and abide in that state as pure awareness. According to Jacobsen, Yoga has five principal traditional meanings:


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: what is its goal?

Context: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Question: what is meant by this last term?

Answer: Moksha also called vimoksha, vimukti and mukti, is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, enlightenment, liberation, and release

Moksha [SEP] Introduction

Moksha (; , ""), also called vimoksha, vimukti and mukti, is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, enlightenment, liberation, and release. In its soteriological and eschatological senses, it refers to freedom from "saṃsāra", the cycle of death and rebirth. In its epistemological and psychological senses, "moksha" is freedom from ignorance: self-realization, self-actualization and self-knowledge. In Hindu traditions, "moksha" is a central concept and the utmost aim to be attained through three paths during human life; these three paths are "dharma" (virtuous, proper, moral life), "artha" (material prosperity, income security, means of life), and "kama" (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment).


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: what is its goal?

Context: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Context: what is meant by this last term?

Context: Moksha also called vimoksha, vimukti and mukti, is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, enlightenment, liberation, and release

Question: from where has it evolved?

Answer: The concept of "moksha" appears much later in ancient Indian literature than the concept of "dharma"

Moksha [SEP] History

The concept of "moksha" appears much later in ancient Indian literature than the concept of "dharma". The proto-concept that first appears in the ancient Sanskrit verses and early Upanishads is "mucyate", which means freed or released. It is the middle and later Upanishads, such as the Svetasvatara and Maitri, where the word "moksha" appears and begins becoming an important concept. Kathaka Upanishad, a middle Upanishadic era script dated to be about 2500 years old, is among the earliest expositions about "saṃsāra" and "moksha". In Book I, Section III, the legend of boy Naciketa queries Yama, the lord of death to explain what causes "saṃsāra" and what leads to liberation.


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: what is its goal?

Context: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Context: what is meant by this last term?

Context: from where has it evolved?

Context: The concept of "moksha" appears much later in ancient Indian literature than the concept of "dharma"

Question: what reference in texts do we get about the above form of exercise?

Answer: The first use of the root of the word "yoga" is in hymn 5.81.1 of the Rig Veda, a dedication to the rising Sun-god in the morning (Savitri), where it has been interpreted as "yoke" or "yogically control".

Yoga [SEP] Textual references

The first use of the root of the word "yoga" is in hymn 5.81.1 of the Rig Veda, a dedication to the rising Sun-god in the morning (Savitri), where it has been interpreted as "yoke" or "yogically control". The earliest evidence of Yogis and Yoga tradition is found in the Keśin hymn 10.136 of the Rigveda, states Karel Werner. The Rigveda, however, does not describe yoga, and there is little evidence as to what the practices were. Early references to practices that later became part of yoga, are made in Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, the earliest Hindu Upanishad. For example, the practice of pranayama (consciously regulating breath) is mentioned in hymn 1.5.23 of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (c.


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: what is its goal?

Context: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Context: what is meant by this last term?

Context: from where has it evolved?

Context: what reference in texts do we get about the above form of exercise?

Context: The first use of the root of the word "yoga" is in hymn 5.81.1 of the Rig Veda, a dedication to the rising Sun-god in the morning (Savitri), where it has been interpreted as "yoke" or "yogically control".

Question: is it related to mahabharata?

Answer: Yes

Yoga [SEP] Mahabharata and Bhagavad Gita

Description of an early form of yoga called "nirodhayoga" (yoga of cessation) is contained in the Mokshadharma section of the 12th chapter ("Shanti Parva") of the "Mahabharata" (third century BCE). "Nirodhayoga" emphasizes progressive withdrawal from the contents of empirical consciousness such as thoughts, sensations etc. until "purusha" (Self) is realized. Terms like "vichara" (subtle reflection), "viveka" (discrimination) and others which are similar to Patanjali's terminology are mentioned, but not described. There is no uniform goal of yoga mentioned in the "Mahabharata". Separation of self from matter, perceiving "Brahman" everywhere, entering into "Brahman" etc. are all described as goals of yoga.


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: what is its goal?

Context: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Context: what is meant by this last term?

Context: from where has it evolved?

Context: is it related to mahabharata?

Context: Yes

Question: can you explain a bit how?

Answer: Description of an early form of yoga called "nirodhayoga" is contained in the Mokshadharma section of the 12th chapter of the "Mahabharata"

Explanation: Description of an early form of yoga called "nirodhayoga" (yoga of cessation) is contained in the Mokshadharma section of the 12th chapter ("Shanti Parva") of the "Mahabharata" (third century BCE)


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: what is its goal?

Context: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Context: what is meant by this last term?

Context: from where has it evolved?

Context: is it related to mahabharata?

Context: Yes

Context: can you explain a bit how?

Context: Description of an early form of yoga called "nirodhayoga" is contained in the Mokshadharma section of the 12th chapter of the "Mahabharata"

Question: is this last mentioned book, a novel?

Answer: The Mahābhārata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India,

Mahabharata [SEP] Introduction

The Mahābhārata (, ; , "", ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the "Rāmāyaṇa". It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or "puruṣārtha" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the "Mahābhārata" are the "Bhagavad Gita", the story of Damayanti, story of Savitri and Satyavan, story of Kacha and Devyani, the story of Ṛṣyasringa and an abbreviated version of the "Rāmāyaṇa", often considered as works in their own right.


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: what is its goal?

Context: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Context: what is meant by this last term?

Context: from where has it evolved?

Context: is it related to mahabharata?

Context: Yes

Context: can you explain a bit how?

Context: is this last mentioned book, a novel?

Context: The Mahābhārata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India,

Question: who is its writer?

Answer: Vyāsa

Mahabharata [SEP] Introduction

Traditionally, the authorship of the "Mahābhārata" is attributed to Vyāsa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The bulk of the "Mahābhārata" was probably compiled between the 3rd century BCE and the 3rd century CE, with the oldest preserved parts not much older than around 400 BCE. The original events related by the epic probably fall between the 9th and 8th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE).


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: what is its goal?

Context: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Context: what is meant by this last term?

Context: from where has it evolved?

Context: is it related to mahabharata?

Context: Yes

Context: can you explain a bit how?

Context: is this last mentioned book, a novel?

Context: who is its writer?

Context: Vyāsa

Question: which historical facts you get in this?

Answer: The historicity of the Kurukshetra War is unclear. Many historians estimate the date of the Kurukshetra war to Iron Age India of the 10th century BCE.

Mahabharata [SEP] Historical context

The historicity of the Kurukshetra War is unclear. Many historians estimate the date of the Kurukshetra war to Iron Age India of the 10th century BCE. The setting of the epic has a historical precedent in Iron Age (Vedic) India, where the Kuru kingdom was the center of political power during roughly 1200 to 800 BCE. A dynastic conflict of the period could have been the inspiration for the "Jaya", the foundation on which the Mahābhārata corpus was built, with a climactic battle eventually coming to be viewed as an epochal event. Puranic literature presents genealogical lists associated with the Mahābhārata narrative.


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: what is its goal?

Context: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Context: what is meant by this last term?

Context: from where has it evolved?

Context: is it related to mahabharata?

Context: Yes

Context: can you explain a bit how?

Context: is this last mentioned book, a novel?

Context: who is its writer?

Context: Vyāsa

Context: which historical facts you get in this?

Context: The historicity of the Kurukshetra War is unclear. Many historians estimate the date of the Kurukshetra war to Iron Age India of the 10th century BCE.

Question: when was this mentioned war fought?

Answer: Suggested dates range from 5561 to around 950 BCE

Kurukshetra War [SEP] Introduction

The narrative describes individual battles and deaths of various heroes of both sides, military formations, war diplomacy, meetings and discussions among the characters, and the weapons used. The chapters ("parvas") dealing with the war (from chapter six to ten) are considered amongst the oldest in the entire "Mahabharata". The historicity of the war remains subject to scholarly discussions. Attempts have been made to assign a historical date to the Kurukshetra War. Suggested dates range from 5561 to around 950 BCE, while popular tradition holds that the war marks the transition to Kaliyuga and thus dates it to 3102 BCE. It is possible that the Battle of the Ten Kings, mentioned in the Rigveda, may have "formed the 'nucleus' of the story" of the Kurukshetra war, though it was greatly expanded and modified in the "Mahabharata"'s account, which would, therefore, be of very dubious historicity.


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: what is its goal?

Context: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Context: what is meant by this last term?

Context: from where has it evolved?

Context: is it related to mahabharata?

Context: Yes

Context: can you explain a bit how?

Context: is this last mentioned book, a novel?

Context: who is its writer?

Context: Vyāsa

Context: which historical facts you get in this?

Context: when was this mentioned war fought?

Context: Suggested dates range from 5561 to around 950 BCE

Question: with whom?

Answer: Kauravas and the Pandavas

Kurukshetra War [SEP] Background

About 1.66 billions warriors death was described of war in the Indian epic. The Kuru territories were divided into two and were ruled by Dhritarashtra (with his capital at Hastinapura) and Yudhishthira of the Pandavas (with his capital at Indraprastha). The immediate dispute between the Kauravas (sons of Dhritarashtra) and the Pandavas arose from a game of dice, which Duryodhana won by deceit, forcing his Pandava cousins to transfer their entire territories to the Kauravas (to Hastinapura) and to "go into exile" for thirteen years. The dispute escalated into a full-scale war when Duryodhana, driven by jealousy, refused to restore to the Pandavas their territories after the exile as earlier decided, because Duryodhana objected that they were discovered while in exile, and that no return of their kingdom had been agreed upon.


Context: what is the meaning of yoga in hinduism

Context: what is its goal?

Context: The ultimate goal of Yoga is "Moksha"

Context: what is meant by this last term?

Context: from where has it evolved?

Context: is it related to mahabharata?

Context: Yes

Context: can you explain a bit how?

Context: is this last mentioned book, a novel?

Context: who is its writer?

Context: Vyāsa

Context: which historical facts you get in this?

Context: when was this mentioned war fought?

Context: with whom?

Context: Kauravas and the Pandavas

Question: why was it fought?

Answer: The immediate dispute between the Kauravas and the Pandavas arose from a game of dice, which Duryodhana won by deceit, forcing his Pandava cousins to transfer their entire territories to the Kauravas and to "go into exile" for thirteen years

Explanation: The immediate dispute between the Kauravas (sons of Dhritarashtra) and the Pandavas arose from a game of dice, which Duryodhana won by deceit, forcing his Pandava cousins to transfer their entire territories to the Kauravas (to Hastinapura) and to "go into exile" for thirteen years.

Kurukshetra War [SEP] Background