Context: Audie Murphy.

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kingston in Hunt County, Texas.

Context: did he act in any films ?

Context: did he write any songs ?

Context: how did he die ?

Context: He was killed in a plane crash.

Context: name some of his decorations ?

Context: American Campaign Medal, the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, 9 campaign stars, the World War II Victory Medal to name a few.

Question: did he suffer from any specific type of stress ?

Answer: Yes, He suffered Post-traumatic stress.

Explanation: Since his military service, Murphy had been plagued with insomnia and bouts of depression, and he slept with a loaded pistol under his pillow. A post-service medical examination on 17 June 1947 revealed symptoms of headaches, vomiting, and nightmares about the war. His medical records indicated that he took sleeping pills to help prevent nightmares. During the mid-1960s, he recognized his dependence on Placidyl, and locked himself alone in a hotel room for a week to successfully break the addiction. Post-traumatic stress levels exacerbated his innate moodiness, and surfaced in episodes that friends and professional colleagues found alarming. His first wife, Dixie Wanda Hendrix, claimed he once held her at gunpoint. She witnessed her husband being guilt-ridden and tearful over newsreel footage of German war orphans. Murphy briefly found a creative stress outlet in writing poetry after his Army discharge. His poem "The Crosses Grow on Anzio" appeared in his b

Audie Murphy [SEP] Post-traumatic stress


Context: who is the most highly decorated soldier in us history

Context: Audie Murphy.

Context: who is he ?

Context: He was an American soldier, actor, songwriter, and rancher.

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kingston in Hunt County, Texas.

Context: did he act in any films ?

Context: Yes, Beyond Glory, The Kid from Texas, Sierra, Column South to name a few.

Context: how did he contribute during world war ii ?

Context: He was in the U.S. Army took advanced infantry training. During basic training, he earned the Marksman Badge with Rifle Component Bar and Expert Badge with Bayonet Component Bar.

Context: did he write any songs ?

Context: Yes, He along with  songwriter Scott Turner wrote numerous songs between 1962 and 1970. Shutters and Boards" and "When the Wind Blows in Chicago" to name a few.

Context: how did he die ?

Context: He was killed in a plane crash.

Context: name some of his decorations ?

Context: did he suffer from any specific type of stress ?

Context: Yes, He suffered Post-traumatic stress.

Question: what is this disease ?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Audie Murphy.

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kingston in Hunt County, Texas.

Context: did he act in any films ?

Context: did he write any songs ?

Context: how did he die ?

Context: He was killed in a plane crash.

Context: name some of his decorations ?

Context: Yes, He suffered Post-traumatic stress.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what service was he involved in postwar ?

Answer: He was called for temporary duty and reassignment and was discharged with the rank of first lieutenant.

Explanation:
Murphy was one of several military personnel who received orders on 8 June 1945 to report to Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas, for temporary duty and reassignment. Upon arrival on 13 June, he was one of four assigned to Fort Sam Houston Army Ground & Services Redistribution Station and sent home for 30 days of recuperation, with permission to travel anywhere within the United States during that period. While on leave, Murphy was feted with parades, banquets, and speeches. He received a belated Good Conduct Medal on 21 August.

He was discharged with the rank of first lieutenant at a 50 percent disability classification on 21 September and transferred to the Officers' Reserve Corps.

Audie Murphy [SEP] Postwar military service

Inquiries were made through official channels about the prospect of Murphy attending West Point upon his return to the United States, but he never enrolled. According to author Don Graham, Murphy suggested the idea and then dropped it, possibly when he realized the extent of academic preparation needed to pass the entrance exam. Murphy was one of several military personnel who received orders on 8 June 1945 to report to Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas, for temporary duty and reassignment. Upon arrival on 13 June, he was one of four assigned to Fort Sam Houston Army Ground & Services Redistribution Station and sent home for 30 days of recuperation, with permission to travel anywhere within the United States during that period.


Context: Audie Murphy.

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kingston in Hunt County, Texas.

Context: did he act in any films ?

Context: did he write any songs ?

Context: how did he die ?

Context: He was killed in a plane crash.

Context: name some of his decorations ?

Context: Yes, He suffered Post-traumatic stress.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what service was he involved in postwar ?

Context: He was called for temporary duty and reassignment and was discharged with the rank of first lieutenant.

Question: the second movie you mentioned above what was it about ?

Answer: American film that was Audie Murphy's first Technicolor Western and the first feature film on Murphy's Universal-International Pictures contract.

Explanation: The Kid from Texas is a 1950 American film that was Audie Murphy's first Technicolor Western and the first feature film on Murphy's Universal-International Pictures contract. It was directed by Kurt Neumann and featured Gale Storm and Albert Dekker.

The Kid from Texas [SEP] Introduction


Context: Audie Murphy.

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kingston in Hunt County, Texas.

Context: did he act in any films ?

Context: did he write any songs ?

Context: how did he die ?

Context: He was killed in a plane crash.

Context: name some of his decorations ?

Context: Yes, He suffered Post-traumatic stress.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: the second movie you mentioned above what was it about ?

Context: American film that was Audie Murphy's first Technicolor Western and the first feature film on Murphy's Universal-International Pictures contract.

Question: who directed it ?

Answer: Kurt Neumann.

Explanation: It was directed by Kurt Neumann and featured Gale Storm and Albert Dekker.

The Kid from Texas [SEP] Introduction


Context: Audie Murphy.

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kingston in Hunt County, Texas.

Context: did he act in any films ?

Context: did he write any songs ?

Context: how did he die ?

Context: He was killed in a plane crash.

Context: name some of his decorations ?

Context: Yes, He suffered Post-traumatic stress.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed it ?

Context: Kurt Neumann.

Question: name some of its cast members ?

Answer: Gale Storm and Albert Dekker.

Explanation: featured Gale Storm and Albert Dekker.

The Kid from Texas [SEP] Introduction


Context: Audie Murphy.

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kingston in Hunt County, Texas.

Context: did he act in any films ?

Context: did he write any songs ?

Context: how did he die ?

Context: He was killed in a plane crash.

Context: name some of his decorations ?

Context: Yes, He suffered Post-traumatic stress.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed it ?

Context: Kurt Neumann.

Context: name some of its cast members ?

Context: Gale Storm and Albert Dekker.

Question: when did it release ?

Answer: In 1950.

The Kid from Texas [SEP] Introduction


Context: Audie Murphy.

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kingston in Hunt County, Texas.

Context: did he act in any films ?

Context: did he write any songs ?

Context: how did he die ?

Context: He was killed in a plane crash.

Context: name some of his decorations ?

Context: Yes, He suffered Post-traumatic stress.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed it ?

Context: Kurt Neumann.

Context: name some of its cast members ?

Context: Gale Storm and Albert Dekker.

Context: when did it release ?

Context: In 1950.

Question: what is the first medal you mentioned above ?

Answer: It is a military award of the United States Armed Forces.

Explanation: The American Campaign Medal is a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6, 1942, by issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The medal was intended to recognize those military members who had performed military service in the American Theater of Operations during World War II. A similar medal, known as the American Defense Service Medal was awarded for active duty service before the United States entry into World War II.

American Campaign Medal [SEP] Introduction


Context: Audie Murphy.

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kingston in Hunt County, Texas.

Context: did he act in any films ?

Context: did he write any songs ?

Context: how did he die ?

Context: He was killed in a plane crash.

Context: name some of his decorations ?

Context: Yes, He suffered Post-traumatic stress.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed it ?

Context: Kurt Neumann.

Context: name some of its cast members ?

Context: Gale Storm and Albert Dekker.

Context: when did it release ?

Context: In 1950.

Context: what is the first medal you mentioned above ?

Context: It is a military award of the United States Armed Forces.

Question: what is the criteria to receive it?

Answer: It is for service within the American Theater between 7 December 1941 and 2 March 1946 under any of the following conditions like North Pole, South Pole, Alaska.

Explanation:
The boundaries of American Theater are as follows:
The eastern boundary is located from the North Pole, south along the 75th meridian west longitude to the 77th
parallel north latitude, thence southeast through Davis Strait to the intersection of the 40th parallel north latitude and
the 35th meridian west longitude, thence south along the meridian to the 10th parallel north latitude, thence southeast
to the intersection of the Equator and the 20th meridian west longitude, thence south along the 20th meridian west
longitude to the South Pole.

The western boundary is located from the North Pole, south along the 141st meridian west longitude to the east
boundary of Alaska, thence south and southeast along the Alaska boundary to the Pacific Ocean, thence south along the
130th meridian to its intersection with the 30th parallel north latitude, thence southeast to the intersection of the
Equator and the 100th meridian west longitude, thence south to the South Pole.

American Campaign Medal [SEP] Criteria

The requirements for the American Campaign Medal were for service within the American Theater between 7 December 1941 and 2 March 1946 under any of the following conditions: The boundaries of American Theater are as follows: The eastern boundary is located from the North Pole, south along the 75th meridian west longitude to the 77th parallel north latitude, thence southeast through Davis Strait to the intersection of the 40th parallel north latitude and the 35th meridian west longitude, thence south along the meridian to the 10th parallel north latitude, thence southeast to the intersection of the Equator and the 20th meridian west longitude, thence south along the 20th meridian west longitude to the South Pole.


Context: Audie Murphy.

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kingston in Hunt County, Texas.

Context: did he act in any films ?

Context: did he write any songs ?

Context: how did he die ?

Context: He was killed in a plane crash.

Context: name some of his decorations ?

Context: Yes, He suffered Post-traumatic stress.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who directed it ?

Context: Kurt Neumann.

Context: name some of its cast members ?

Context: Gale Storm and Albert Dekker.

Context: when did it release ?

Context: In 1950.

Context: what is the criteria to receive it?

Context: It is for service within the American Theater between 7 December 1941 and 2 March 1946 under any of the following conditions like North Pole, South Pole, Alaska.

Question: how is it appearance ?

Answer: The medal, made of bronze, shows a navy cruiser underway with a B-24 Liberator bomber flying overhead.  is inches wide, depicts an American bald eagle.

Explanation: The medal, made of bronze, is inches wide. The obverse was designed by Thomas Hudson Jones. It shows a Navy cruiser underway with a B-24 Liberator bomber flying overhead. In the foreground is a sinking enemy submarine, and in the background is the skyline of a city. At the top of the medal are the words "AMERICAN CAMPAIGN". The reverse of the medal, designed by Adolph Alexander Weinman, is the same design as used on the reverse of both the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal and the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal. It depicts an American bald eagle between the dates "1941 – 1945" and the words "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA".

American Campaign Medal [SEP] Appearance


Question: who was harry r. truman?

Answer: He was an American businessman, bootlegger, and prospector.

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Introduction

Harry R. Truman (October 1896 – May 18, 1980) was an American businessman, bootlegger, and prospector who lived near Mount St. Helens, an active volcano. He was the owner and caretaker of Mount St. Helens Lodge at Spirit Lake near the foot of the mountain, and he came to fame as a folk hero in the months preceding the volcano's 1980 eruption after he refused to leave his home despite evacuation orders. Truman is presumed to have been killed by a that overtook his lodge and buried the site under of volcanic debris. After Truman's presumed death, his family and friends reflected on his love for the mountain.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: He was an American businessman, bootlegger, and prospector.

Question: when was he born?

Answer: October 1896.

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Early life

Truman was born to foresters in West Virginia in October 1896. He did not know his exact date of birth, though he gave it as October 30, 1896. Some non-contemporaneous sources have given his middle name as Randall, but Truman stated that he did not know his middle name, just the initial R. Truman's family moved west to Washington state, drawn to the promise of cheap land and the successful timber industry in the Pacific Northwest; they settled on of farmland in the eastern portion of Lewis County, Washington.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Question: where is he from?

Answer: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Explanation: Harry R. Truman (October 1896 – May 18, 1980) was an American businessman, bootlegger, and prospector who lived near Mount St. Helens

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Question: where is this mount located?

Answer: Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

Mount St. Helens [SEP] Introduction

Mount St. Helens (known as Lawetlat'la to the Indigenous Cowlitz people, and Loowit or Louwala-Clough to the Klickitat) is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is northeast of Portland, Oregon and south of Seattle, Washington. Mount St. Helens takes its English name from the British diplomat Lord St Helens, a friend of explorer George Vancouver who made a survey of the area in the late 18th century. The volcano is located in the Cascade Range and is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanoes.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

Question: is it a volcanic mount?

Answer: Yes.

Explanation: Mount St. Helens (known as Lawetlat'la to the Indigenous Cowlitz people, and Loowit or Louwala-Clough to the Klickitat) is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pa

Mount St. Helens [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Question: has it ever erupted?

Answer: Yes.

Mount St. Helens [SEP] Introduction

This volcano is well known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows. Mount St. Helens is most notorious for its major eruption on May 18, 1980, the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in US history. Fifty-seven people were killed; 250 homes, 47 bridges, of railways, and of highway were destroyed. A massive debris avalanche, triggered by an earthquake of magnitude 5.1, caused a lateral eruption that reduced the elevation of the mountain's summit from to , leaving a wide horseshoe-shaped crater. The debris avalanche was up to in volume. The Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument was created to preserve the volcano and allow for the eruption's aftermath to be scientifically studied.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Question: during which period did the mount erupt the first time?

Answer: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Explanation: The early eruptive stages of Mount St. Helens are known as the "Ape Canyon Stage" (around 40,000–35,000 years ago), the "Cougar Stage" (ca. 20,000–18,000 years ago), and the "Swift Creek Stage" (roughly 13,000–8,000 years ago). The modern period, since about 2500 BCE, is called the "Spirit Lake Stage".

Mount St. Helens [SEP] Ancestral stages of eruptive activity

Thirty-six thousand years ago a large mudflow cascaded down the volcano; mudflows were significant forces in all of St. Helens' eruptive cycles. The Ape Canyon eruptive period ended around 35,000 years ago and was followed by 17,000 years of relative quiet. Parts of this ancestral cone were fragmented and transported by glaciers 14,000–18,000 years ago during the last glacial period of the current ice age. The second eruptive period, the Cougar Stage, started 20,000 years ago and lasted for 2,000 years. Pyroclastic flows of hot pumice and ash along with dome growth occurred during this period. Another 5,000 years of dormancy followed, only to be upset by the beginning of the Swift Creek eruptive period, typified by pyroclastic flows, dome growth and blanketing of the countryside with tephra.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: during which period did the mount erupt the first time?

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Question: did any tribe live near or on this mount?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Mount St. Helens [SEP] Importance to Indigenous Tribes

Native American lore contains numerous stories to explain the eruptions of Mount St. Helens and other Cascade volcanoes. The most famous of these is the Bridge of the Gods story told by the Klickitat people. In the story, the chief of all the gods and his two sons, Pahto (also called Klickitat) and Wy'east, traveled down the Columbia River from the Far North in search for a suitable area to settle. They came upon an area that is now called The Dalles and thought they had never seen a land so beautiful. The sons quarreled over the land, so to solve the dispute their father shot two arrows from his mighty bow – one to the north and the other to the south.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Context: did any tribe live near or on this mount?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did the mount erupt in the year 1980?

Answer: Yes.

Mount St. Helens [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the mount erupt in the year 1980?

Context: Yes.

Question: did humans have any impact on it?

Answer: No.

Mount St. Helens [SEP] Human impact from the 1980 eruption

Fifty-seven people were killed during the eruption. Had the eruption occurred one day later, when loggers would have been at work, rather than on a Sunday, the death toll could have been much higher. Eighty-three-year-old Harry R. Truman, who had lived near the mountain for 54 years, became famous when he decided not to evacuate before the impending eruption, despite repeated pleas by local authorities. His body was never found after the eruption. Another victim of the eruption was 30-year-old volcanologist David A. Johnston, who was stationed on the nearby Coldwater Ridge. Moments before his position was hit by the pyroclastic flow, Johnston radioed his famous last words: "Vancouver! Vancouver! This is it!" Johnston's body was never found.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the mount erupt in the year 1980?

Context: Yes.

Context: did humans have any impact on it?

Context: No.

Question: what did the former start his career as?

Answer: He enlisted in the Army.

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Career

He attended high school in the city of Mossyrock, Washington, then enlisted in the Army as a private in August 1917. He was assigned to the 100th Aero Squadron, 7th Squad and trained as an aeromechanic and served in France during . During his service, he sustained injuries due to his audacious and independent nature. While en route to Europe, his troopship, "Tuscania", was sunk by a German U-boat in a torpedo attack off the coast of Ireland. He was honorably discharged in June 1919, and he began prospecting, but failed to achieve his goal of becoming rich. He later became a bootlegger, smuggling alcohol from San Francisco to Washington during Prohibition.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the mount erupt in the year 1980?

Context: Yes.

Context: did humans have any impact on it?

Context: No.

Context: what did the former start his career as?

Context: He enlisted in the Army.

Question: did he participate in any war?

Answer: Yes.

Explanation: He was assigned to the 100th Aero Squadron, 7th Squad and trained as an aeromechanic and served in France during . During his service, he sustained injuries due to his audacious and independent nature. While en route to Europe, his troopship, "Tuscania", was sunk by a German U-boat in a torpedo attack off the coast of Ireland. He was honorably discharged in June 1919, and he began prospecting, but failed to achieve his goal of becoming rich

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Career


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the mount erupt in the year 1980?

Context: Yes.

Context: did humans have any impact on it?

Context: No.

Context: He enlisted in the Army.

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes.

Question: which war was it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Career


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the mount erupt in the year 1980?

Context: Yes.

Context: did humans have any impact on it?

Context: No.

Context: He enlisted in the Army.

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes.

Context: which war was it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when did he become a bootlegger?

Answer: After being honorably discharged from the army he became a bootlegger.

Explanation: He was honorably discharged in June 1919, and he began prospecting, but failed to achieve his goal of becoming rich. He later became a bootlegger, smuggling alcohol from San Francisco to Washington during Prohibition. At some point, he returned to C

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Career

Douglas to stay at his lodge, dismissing him as an "old coot". He changed his mind when he learned Douglas's identity, chased him for , and convinced him to stay. When his wife Edna died in 1978, Truman closed his lodge and afterward only rented out a handful of boats and cabins during the summer.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the mount erupt in the year 1980?

Context: Yes.

Context: did humans have any impact on it?

Context: No.

Context: He enlisted in the Army.

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes.

Context: which war was it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he become a bootlegger?

Context: After being honorably discharged from the army he became a bootlegger.

Question: what connection did he have with celebrities?

Answer: He became a minor celebrity during the two months of volcanic activity.

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Celebrity

Truman became a minor celebrity during the two months of volcanic activity preceding the , giving interviews to reporters and expressing his opinion that the danger was exaggerated. "I don't have any idea whether it will blow," he said, "but I don't believe it to the point that I'm going to pack up." Truman displayed little concern about the volcano and his situation: "If the mountain goes, I'm going with it. This area is heavily timbered, Spirit Lake is in between me and the mountain, and the mountain is a mile away, the mountain ain't gonna hurt me." Law enforcement officials were incensed by his refusal to evacuate because media representatives kept entering the restricted zone near the volcano to interview him, endangering themselves in the process.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the mount erupt in the year 1980?

Context: Yes.

Context: did humans have any impact on it?

Context: No.

Context: He enlisted in the Army.

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes.

Context: which war was it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he become a bootlegger?

Context: what connection did he have with celebrities?

Context: He became a minor celebrity during the two months of volcanic activity.

Question: when did he die?

Answer: May 18, 1980.

Explanation: Harry R. Truman (October 1896 – May 18, 1980)

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the mount erupt in the year 1980?

Context: Yes.

Context: did humans have any impact on it?

Context: No.

Context: He enlisted in the Army.

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes.

Context: which war was it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he become a bootlegger?

Context: when did he die?

Context: May 18, 1980.

Question: and how?

Answer: He is presumed to have died in the volcanic eruption on May 18.

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Death

As the likelihood of eruption increased, state officials tried to evacuate the area with the exception of a few scientists and security officials. On May 17, they attempted one final time to persuade Truman to leave, to no avail. The volcano erupted the next morning, and its entire northern flank collapsed. Truman was alone at his lodge with his 16 cats, and is presumed to have died in the eruption on May 18. It is likely that he died of heat shock in less than a second, too quickly to register pain, before his body was vaporized. The largest landslide in recorded history and a pyroclastic flow traveling atop the landslide engulfed the Spirit Lake area almost simultaneously, destroying the lake and burying the site of his lodge under of volcanic landslide debris.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the mount erupt in the year 1980?

Context: Yes.

Context: did humans have any impact on it?

Context: No.

Context: He enlisted in the Army.

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes.

Context: which war was it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he become a bootlegger?

Context: when did he die?

Context: May 18, 1980.

Context: and how?

Context: He is presumed to have died in the volcanic eruption on May 18.

Question: is his legacy still alive till today?

Answer: He was the subject of the books "Truman of St. Helens: The Man and His Mountain" and "The Legend of Harry Truman" also Truman Trail and Harry's Ridge in the Mount St. Helens region are named after him.

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Legacy

If he would have seen it the way it is now, I don't think he would have survived." Truman's cousin Richard Ice commented that Truman's short period as a celebrity was "the peak of his life." Truman was the subject of the books "Truman of St. Helens: The Man and His Mountain" by his niece Shirley Rosen, and "The Legend of Harry Truman" by his sister Geri Whiting. He was portrayed by Art Carney, his favorite actor, in the 1981 docudrama "St. Helens". Memorabilia were sold in the area surrounding Mount St. Helens, including Harry Truman hats, pictures, posters, and postcards.


Context: who was harry r. truman?

Context: when was he born?

Context: October 1896.

Context: where is he from?

Context: He lived near Mount St. Helens.

Context: where is this mount located?

Context: is it a volcanic mount?

Context: Yes.

Context: has it ever erupted?

Context: Yes.

Context: The "Ape Canyon Stage".

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the mount erupt in the year 1980?

Context: Yes.

Context: did humans have any impact on it?

Context: No.

Context: He enlisted in the Army.

Context: did he participate in any war?

Context: Yes.

Context: which war was it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he become a bootlegger?

Context: when did he die?

Context: May 18, 1980.

Context: and how?

Context: is his legacy still alive till today?

Context: He was the subject of the books "Truman of St. Helens: The Man and His Mountain" and "The Legend of Harry Truman" also Truman Trail and Harry's Ridge in the Mount St. Helens region are named after him.

Question: was he married?

Answer: Yes, Edna.

Harry R. Truman [SEP] Career

At some point, he returned to Chehalis, Washington, where he ran an automotive service and gasoline station called Harry's Sudden Service. He also married the daughter of a sawmill owner; they had one daughter. Truman grew tired of civilization after a few years and leased from the Northern Pacific Railroad Company overlooking Spirit Lake in the wilderness near Mount St. Helens, a stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington. He settled at the foot of the mountain and opened a gas station and a grocery store; he eventually opened the Mount St. Helens Lodge, close to the outlet of Spirit Lake, which he operated for 52 years.


Question: who is e. urner goodman?

Answer: An influential leader in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) movement

Explanation:
Edward Urner Goodman (May 15, 1891 – March 13, 1980) was an
influential leader in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) movement for much of the twentieth century.

E. Urner Goodman [SEP] Introduction

Goodman is best remembered today for having created the Order of the Arrow (OA), a popular and highly successful program of the BSA that continues to honor Scouts for their cheerful service. Since its founding in 1915, the Order of the Arrow has grown to become a nationwide program having thousands of members, which recognizes those Scouts who best exemplify the virtues of cheerful service, camping, and leadership by membership in BSA's honor society. As of 2007, the Order of the Arrow has more than 183,000 members.


Context: who is e. urner goodman?

Context: An influential leader in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) movement

Question: what was his role in the development of the order of the arrow?

Answer: He created it

Explanation: Goodman is best remembered today for having created the Order of the Arrow (OA), a popular and highly successful program of the BSA that continues to honor Scouts for their cheerful service.

E. Urner Goodman [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is e. urner goodman?

Context: what was his role in the development of the order of the arrow?

Context: He created it

Question: when was it founded?

Answer: 1915

Order of the Arrow [SEP] Introduction

The Order of the Arrow (OA) is the National Honor Society of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), composed of Scouts and Scouters who best exemplify the Scout Oath and Law in their daily lives as elected by their peers. The society was created by E. Urner Goodman, with the assistance of Carroll A. Edson, in 1915 as a means of reinforcing the Scout Oath and the Scout Law. It uses imagery commonly associated with American Indian cultures for its self-invented ceremonies. These ceremonies are usually for recognition of leadership qualities, camping skills, and other scouting ideals as exemplified by their elected peers.


Context: who is e. urner goodman?

Context: He created it

Context: when was it founded?

Question: what is its role?

Answer: It is a means of reinforcing the Scout Oath and the Scout Law

Explanation: in 1915 as a means of reinforcing the Scout Oath and the Scout Law

Order of the Arrow [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is e. urner goodman?

Context: He created it

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what is its role?

Context: It is a means of reinforcing the Scout Oath and the Scout Law

Question: what is their eligibility criteria?

Answer: To be eligible for induction, a youth must have spent at least 15 days and nights camping within the last two years including one long-term camp consisting of at least five consecutive nights, be under the age of 21, hold the Scouts BSA First Class rank, the Venturing Discovery Award, or the Sea Scout Ordinary rank or higher, be approved by their unit leader and be elected by the youth members of their unit.

Order of the Arrow [SEP] Membership

More than 160,000 youth and adults are members of the Order of the Arrow. Unit elections of the OA are allowed in Scouts BSA, Venturing, and Sea Scout units. To be eligible for induction, a youth must have spent at least 15 days and nights camping within the last two years including one long-term camp consisting of at least five consecutive nights, be under the age of 21, hold the Scouts BSA First Class rank, the Venturing Discovery Award, or the Sea Scout Ordinary rank or higher, be approved by their unit leader and be elected by the youth members of their unit.


Context: who is e. urner goodman?

Context: He created it

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what is its role?

Context: what is their eligibility criteria?

Context: To be eligible for induction, a youth must have spent at least 15 days and nights camping within the last two years including one long-term camp consisting of at least five consecutive nights, be under the age of 21, hold the Scouts BSA First Class rank, the Venturing Discovery Award, or the Sea Scout Ordinary rank or higher, be approved by their unit leader and be elected by the youth members of their unit.

Question: can you tell me about the brotherhood?

Answer: Moving on to Brotherhood membership offers an opportunity to reaffirm one's commitment to the Order and arrowmen may "seal" their membership after six months by demonstrating their knowledge of the traditions and obligations of the OA

Order of the Arrow [SEP] Brotherhood

Ordeal members are entitled to all the same rights and privileges of membership in the Order as Brotherhood and Vigil Honor members—there are no ranks within the Order. However, moving on to Brotherhood membership offers an opportunity to reaffirm one's commitment to the Order. Arrowmen may "seal" their membership after six months by demonstrating their knowledge of the traditions and obligations of the OA. They then participate in an induction ceremony and become Brotherhood members. While the Ordeal consists primarily of physical impressions, "the Brotherhood ceremony is one of the deeper and quieter mental impressions."


Context: who is e. urner goodman?

Context: He created it

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what is its role?

Context: what is their eligibility criteria?

Context: can you tell me about the brotherhood?

Context: Moving on to Brotherhood membership offers an opportunity to reaffirm one's commitment to the Order and arrowmen may "seal" their membership after six months by demonstrating their knowledge of the traditions and obligations of the OA

Question: what are their various ceremonies?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Order of the Arrow [SEP] Brotherhood


Context: who is e. urner goodman?

Context: He created it

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what is its role?

Context: what is their eligibility criteria?

Context: can you tell me about the brotherhood?

Context: what are their various ceremonies?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are the objectives of bsa?

Answer: Yo prepare young people to make ethical and moral choices over their lifetimes by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law

Boy Scouts of America [SEP] Introduction

The Boy Scouts of America (BSA, colloquially the Boy Scouts) is the largest scouting organization and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with about 2.3 million youth participants and about one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, about 110 million Americans participated in BSA programs at some time in their lives. BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922. The stated mission of the Boy Scouts of America is to "prepare young people to make ethical and moral choices over their lifetimes by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law." Youth are trained in responsible citizenship, character development, and self-reliance through participation in a wide range of outdoor activities, educational programs, and, at older age levels, career-oriented programs in partnership with community organizations.


Context: who is e. urner goodman?

Context: He created it

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what is its role?

Context: what is their eligibility criteria?

Context: can you tell me about the brotherhood?

Context: what are their various ceremonies?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the objectives of bsa?

Context: Yo prepare young people to make ethical and moral choices over their lifetimes by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law

Question: how does a scout obtain a rank?

Answer: To obtain a rank a Scout must complete the requirements for that rank, as well as have a Scoutmaster Conference and a Board of Review

Boy Scouts of America [SEP] Ranks

There are a total of 7 ranks that a Scout in the Scouts BSA program is able to obtain (note that Eagle Palms are not considered ranks). To obtain a rank, a Scout must complete the requirements for that rank, as well as have a Scoutmaster Conference and a Board of Review (with an exception for Scout Rank). The 7 ranks that a Scout may earn are: Scout, Tenderfoot, Second Class, First Class, Star Scout, Life Scout, and Eagle Scout. Some merit badges and leadership positions require a certain rank before being given to the scout.


Context: who is e. urner goodman?

Context: He created it

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what is its role?

Context: what is their eligibility criteria?

Context: can you tell me about the brotherhood?

Context: what are their various ceremonies?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the objectives of bsa?

Context: how does a scout obtain a rank?

Context: To obtain a rank a Scout must complete the requirements for that rank, as well as have a Scoutmaster Conference and a Board of Review

Question: what is national scout jamboree?

Answer: A gathering of Scouts and Venturers from across the US

Boy Scouts of America [SEP] National Scout jamboree

The National Scout Jamboree is a gathering of Scouts and Venturers from across the US. It is usually held every four years, with some adjustment for special years such as the 2010 National Scout Jamboree that celebrated the BSA centennial. The first jamboree was held in 1937 at the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C. Since then, jamborees have been held in varying locations. Beginning in 1981, the jamboree has been held at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia. A permanent location owned by the BSA was sought in 2008 for future jamborees, high adventure programs and training. The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve near Beckley, West Virginia, is now the permanent site beginning with the 2013 National Scout Jamboree.


Context: who is e. urner goodman?

Context: He created it

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what is its role?

Context: what is their eligibility criteria?

Context: can you tell me about the brotherhood?

Context: what are their various ceremonies?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the objectives of bsa?

Context: how does a scout obtain a rank?

Context: what is national scout jamboree?

Context: A gathering of Scouts and Venturers from across the US

Question: what is their role in anti-bullying movement?

Answer: They have adopted a "Bullying Awareness Program" which trains adults to recognize the signs of bullying and parents are also advised on what to do

Explanation: In the 21st century, the Boy Scouts have adopted a "Bullying Awareness Program" which trains adults to recognize the signs of bullying, especially in isolated environments such as extended campouts in the wilderness or at summer camp. Parents are also advised on what to do, and whom to contact, should a Scout state they are being bullied by other Scouts.

Boy Scouts of America [SEP] Anti-bullying movement

Parents are also advised on what to do, and whom to contact, should a Scout state they are being bullied by other Scouts. Dealing with the bullies themselves is also addressed, in particular those bullies who "game the system", pretending to be compassionate and apologetic to bully victims when adults confront them, only to return to such behaviors when the adults are no longer present.


Question: what is the meaning of the raven edgar allan poe

Answer: Undying devotion, feelings of loss, regretful and grief-stricken

Explanation: undying devotion

The Raven [SEP] Analysis

Poe wrote the poem as a narrative, without intentional allegory or didacticism. The main theme of the poem is one of undying devotion. The narrator experiences a perverse conflict between desire to forget and desire to remember. He seems to get some pleasure from focusing on loss. The narrator assumes that the word "Nevermore" is the raven's "only stock and store", and, yet, he continues to ask it questions, knowing what the answer will be. His questions, then, are purposely self-deprecating and further incite his feelings of loss. Poe leaves it unclear if the raven actually knows what it is saying or if it really intends to cause a reaction in the poem's narrator.


Context: what is the meaning of the raven edgar allan poe

Context: Undying devotion, feelings of loss, regretful and grief-stricken

Question: is 'the raven' a poem?

Answer: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Explanation: is a narrative poem

The Raven [SEP] Introduction

"The Raven" is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe. First published in January 1845, the poem is often noted for its musicality, stylized language, and supernatural atmosphere. It tells of a talking raven's mysterious visit to a distraught lover, tracing the man's slow fall into madness. The lover, often identified as a student, is lamenting the loss of his love, Lenore. Sitting on a bust of Pallas, the raven seems to further distress the protagonist with its constant repetition of the word "Nevermore". The poem makes use of folk, mythological, religious, and classical references. Poe claimed to have written the poem logically and methodically, with the intention to create a poem that would appeal to both critical and popular tastes, as he explained in his 1846 follow-up essay, "The Philosophy of Composition".


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Question: who wrote it?

Answer: Edgar Allan Poe

Explanation: Edgar Allan Poe

The Raven [SEP] Introduction


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Question: when was it published?

Answer: January 1845

Explanation: January 1845

The Raven [SEP] Introduction


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Question: who was the publisher?

Answer: Evening Mirror

Explanation: Evening Mirror

The Raven [SEP] Publication history

Poe first brought "The Raven" to his friend and former employer George Rex Graham of "Graham's Magazine" in Philadelphia. Graham declined the poem, which may not have been in its final version, though he gave Poe $15 as charity. Poe then sold the poem to "", which paid him $9 for it, and printed "The Raven" in its February 1845 issue under the pseudonym "Quarles", a reference to the English poet Francis Quarles. The poem's first publication with Poe's name was in the "Evening Mirror" on January 29, 1845, as an "advance copy". Nathaniel Parker Willis, editor of the "Mirror", introduced it as "unsurpassed in English poetry for subtle conception, masterly ingenuity of versification, and consistent, sustaining of imaginative lift ...


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Context: who was the publisher?

Context: Evening Mirror

Question: does it have illustrations?

Answer: Yes, later publications included artwork by well-known illustrators.

The Raven [SEP] Illustrators

Later publications of "The Raven" included artwork by well-known illustrators. Notably, in 1858 "The Raven" appeared in a British Poe anthology with illustrations by John Tenniel, the "Alice in Wonderland" illustrator ("The Poetical Works of Edgar Allan Poe: With Original Memoir", London: Sampson Low). "The Raven" was published independently with lavish woodcuts by Gustave Doré in 1884 (New York: Harper & Brothers). Doré died before its publication. In 1875, a French edition with English and French text, "Le Corbeau", was published with lithographs by Édouard Manet and translation by the Symbolist Stéphane Mallarmé. Many 20th-century artists and contemporary illustrators created artworks and illustrations based on "The Raven", including Edmund Dulac, István Orosz, and Ryan Price.


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Context: who was the publisher?

Context: Evening Mirror

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: Yes, later publications included artwork by well-known illustrators.

Question: does it have illustrations?

Answer: Yes, later publications included artwork by well-known illustrators.

The Raven [SEP] Illustrators


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Context: who was the publisher?

Context: Evening Mirror

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: does it have illustrations?

Question: in which language was it originally written?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Raven [SEP] Illustrators


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Context: who was the publisher?

Context: Evening Mirror

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: in which language was it originally written?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where is the publisher's office located?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Raven [SEP] Illustrators


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Context: who was the publisher?

Context: Evening Mirror

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the publisher's office located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: has this poet written anything else?

Answer: Yes, MS. Found in a Bottle, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque etc

Explanation: MS. Found in a Bottle

Edgar Allan Poe [SEP] Publishing career

Publishers often refused to pay their writers or paid them much later than they promised, and Poe repeatedly resorted to humiliating pleas for money and other assistance. After his early attempts at poetry, Poe had turned his attention to prose, likely based on John Neal's critiques in "The Yankee" magazine. He placed a few stories with a Philadelphia publication and began work on his only drama "Politian". The "Baltimore Saturday Visiter" awarded him a prize in October 1833 for his short story "MS. Found in a Bottle". The story brought him to the attention of John P. Kennedy, a Baltimorean of considerable means who helped Poe place some of his stories and introduced him to Thomas W.


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Context: who was the publisher?

Context: Evening Mirror

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has this poet written anything else?

Context: Yes, MS. Found in a Bottle, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque etc

Question: what did critics have to say about the original poem?

Answer: According to The "New World",  everyone who read the poem praised it justly and it seemed to be full of originality and power.

Explanation: praises it .

The Raven [SEP] Critical reception

In part due to its dual printing, "The Raven" made Edgar Allan Poe a household name almost immediately, and turned Poe into a national celebrity. Readers began to identify poem with poet, earning Poe the nickname "The Raven". The poem was soon widely reprinted, imitated, and parodied. Though it made Poe popular in his day, it did not bring him significant financial success. As he later lamented, "I have made no money. I am as poor now as ever I was in my life—except in hope, which is by no means bankable". The "New World" said, "Everyone reads the Poem and praises it ...


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Context: who was the publisher?

Context: Evening Mirror

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has this poet written anything else?

Context: what did critics have to say about the original poem?

Context: According to The "New World",  everyone who read the poem praised it justly and it seemed to be full of originality and power.

Question: did the poet serve time in the military?

Answer: Yes, as he was unable to support himself, so he enlisted in the United States Army as a private.

Edgar Allan Poe [SEP] Military career

Poe was unable to support himself, so he enlisted in the United States Army as a private on May 27, 1827, using the name "Edgar A. Perry". He claimed that he was even though he was 18. He first served at Fort Independence in Boston Harbor for five dollars a month. That same year, he released his first book, a 40-page collection of poetry titled "Tamerlane and Other Poems", attributed with the byline "by a Bostonian". Only 50 copies were printed, and the book received virtually no attention. Poe's regiment was posted to Fort Moultrie in Charleston, South Carolina and traveled by ship on the brig "Waltham" on November 8, 1827.


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Context: who was the publisher?

Context: Evening Mirror

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has this poet written anything else?

Context: did the poet serve time in the military?

Context: Yes, as he was unable to support himself, so he enlisted in the United States Army as a private.

Question: what was his rank?

Answer: He served for two years and attained the rank of Sergeant Major for Artillery.

Explanation: He served for two years and attained the rank of Sergeant Major for Artillery

Edgar Allan Poe [SEP] Military career

Poe decided to leave West Point by purposely getting court-martialed. On February 8, 1831, he was tried for gross neglect of duty and disobedience of orders for refusing to attend formations, classes, or church. He tactically pleaded not guilty to induce dismissal, knowing that he would be found guilty.


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Context: who was the publisher?

Context: Evening Mirror

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has this poet written anything else?

Context: what was his rank?

Context: He served for two years and attained the rank of Sergeant Major for Artillery.

Question: did he die in battle?

Answer: The actual cause of death remains a mystery.

Edgar Allan Poe [SEP] Death

Some sources say that Poe's final words were, "Lord help my poor soul". All medical records have been lost, including Poe's death certificate. Newspapers at the time reported Poe's death as "congestion of the brain" or "cerebral inflammation", common euphemisms for death from disreputable causes such as alcoholism. The actual cause of death remains a mystery. Speculation has included "delirium tremens", heart disease, epilepsy, syphilis, meningeal inflammation, cholera, and rabies. One theory dating from 1872 suggests that cooping was the cause of Poe's death, a form of electoral fraud in which citizens were forced to vote for a particular candidate, sometimes leading to violence and even murder.


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Context: who was the publisher?

Context: Evening Mirror

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has this poet written anything else?

Context: what was his rank?

Context: did he die in battle?

Context: The actual cause of death remains a mystery.

Question: which allusions are mentioned in the original poem?

Answer: It suggested by the narrator reading books of "lore" as well as by the bust of Pallas Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom, the devil image emphasizes the narrator's belief that the raven is "from the Night's Plutonian shore" etc

The Raven [SEP] Allusions

Poe says that the narrator is a young scholar. Though this is not explicitly stated in the poem, it is mentioned in "The Philosophy of Composition". It is also suggested by the narrator reading books of "lore" as well as by the bust of Pallas Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom. He is reading in the late night hours from "many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore". Similar to the studies suggested in Poe's short story "Ligeia", this lore may be about the occult or black magic. This is also emphasized in the author's choice to set the poem in December, a month which is traditionally associated with the forces of darkness.


Context: is 'the raven' a poem?

Context: Yes, it is a narrative poem.

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Edgar Allan Poe

Context: when was it published?

Context: January 1845

Context: who was the publisher?

Context: Evening Mirror

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: does it have illustrations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has this poet written anything else?

Context: what was his rank?

Context: did he die in battle?

Context: which allusions are mentioned in the original poem?

Context: It suggested by the narrator reading books of "lore" as well as by the bust of Pallas Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom, the devil image emphasizes the narrator's belief that the raven is "from the Night's Plutonian shore" etc

Question: what kind of structure does it have?

Answer: It is made up of 18 stanzas of six lines each.

The Raven [SEP] Poetic structure

The poem is made up of 18 stanzas of six lines each. Generally, the meter is trochaic octameter – eight trochaic feet per line, each foot having one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable. The first line, for example (with / representing stressed syllables and x representing unstressed): Poe, however, claimed the poem was a combination of octameter acatalectic, heptameter catalectic, and tetrameter catalectic. The rhyme scheme is ABCBBB, or AA,B,CC,CB,B,B when accounting for internal rhyme. In every stanza, the "B" lines rhyme with the word "nevermore" and are catalectic, placing extra emphasis on the final syllable. The poem also makes heavy use of alliteration ("Doubting, dreaming dreams ...").


Question: describe the petropavlovsk-class battleship

Answer: An upper belt of armor was necessary and the weight required was gained by shortening the waterline armor belt, which left the ships' ends protected only by the sloping armor deck. Other changes included the replacement of the barbettes with turrets of the same type as used in the battleship and the substitution of QF guns for the original guns. This last change saved enough weight to permit four more six-inch guns to be added

Explanation: The design was intended to have a maximum speed of 17 knots using forced draft, but model testing of the hull showed that it could only reach . Rather than delay construction by redesigning the hull, the navy accepted the slower speed. Development of the quick-firing (QF) gun meant that an upper belt of armor was necessary and the weight required was gained by shortening the waterline armor belt, which left the ships' ends protected only by the sloping armor deck. Other changes included the replacement of the barbettes with turrets of the same type as used in the battleship and the substitution of QF guns for the original guns. This last change saved enough weight to permit four more six-inch guns to be added.

Petropavlovsk-class battleship [SEP] Background and description

Tsar Alexander III's ambitious building programme of 1882 called for construction of 16 battleships in 20 years for the Baltic Fleet. By 1890 the program was behind schedule and the director of the Naval Ministry, Vice Admiral , proposed that six first-class and four second-class battleships be built together with some armored coast-defense ships to make up the numbers required. The "Petropavlovsk"-class ships were designed as first-class battleships to meet his requirement for a heavily armored ship that displaced and had a speed of , a maximum draught of and a range of with good seakeeping qualities. The design began as an enlarged and improved version of the battleship , but with her main armament of four guns mounted in lighter barbettes rather than the heavy gun turrets of the older ship.


Context: describe the petropavlovsk-class battleship

Context: An upper belt of armor was necessary and the weight required was gained by shortening the waterline armor belt, which left the ships' ends protected only by the sloping armor deck. Other changes included the replacement of the barbettes with turrets of the same type as used in the battleship and the substitution of QF guns for the original guns. This last change saved enough weight to permit four more six-inch guns to be added

Question: what weapons does it carry?

Answer: Four 40-caliber 12-inch guns mounted in twin-gun turrets fore

Petropavlovsk-class battleship [SEP] Armament

The main armament of the "Petropavlovsk" class consisted of four 40-caliber 12-inch guns mounted in twin-gun turrets fore and aft of the superstructure. They used hydraulic power for loading and traversing, but the ammunition hoists were electrically powered. Designed to fire one shell every 90 seconds, the rate of fire of the guns in service proved to be one round every three minutes. The structure of the turrets proved to be too weak to withstand extra-strength charges and had to be reinforced. The guns could elevate to a maximum of +15° and traverse 270°; each was provided with 58 rounds.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: Four 40-caliber 12-inch guns mounted in twin-gun turrets fore

Question: do you know who built it?

Answer: The director of the Naval Ministry, Vice Admiral

Explanation: By 1890 the program was behind schedule and the director of the Naval Ministry, Vice Admiral , proposed that six first-class and four second-class battleships be built together with some armored coast-defense ships to make up the numbers required. The "Petropavlovsk"-class ships were designed as first-class battleships to meet his requirement for a heavily armored ship that displaced and had a speed of , a maximum draught of and a range of with good seakeeping qualities.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: The director of the Naval Ministry, Vice Admiral

Question: since when has it been in service?

Answer: 10 May 1900

Petropavlovsk-class battleship [SEP] Service

"Petropavlovsk" was the first of the sisters to enter service; she departed Kronstadt on 17 October 1899 and reached Port Arthur on 10 May 1900. Upon her arrival, she became flagship of the Pacific Squadron commander, Vice Admiral Nikolai Skrydlov. The ship supported international efforts to suppress the Boxer Rebellion in mid-1900. "Poltava" and "Sevastopol" departed for Port Arthur on 15 October 1900 and arrived on 12 and 13 April 1901 respectively. "Petropavlovsk" was the flagship of Vice Admiral Oskar Stark at the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War in February 1904. During the Battle of Port Arthur on the second day of the war, "Poltava" was hit twice in the aft hull, "Petropavlovsk" was hit three times in the bow and "Sevastopol" was hit once.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Question: which navy uses this ship?

Answer: Imperial Russian Navy

Petropavlovsk-class battleship [SEP] Introduction

The "Petropavlovsk" class, sometimes referred to as the "Poltava" class, was a group of three pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the 1890s. They were transferred to the Pacific Squadron shortly after their completion in 1899–1900 and were based at Port Arthur before the start of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. All three ships participated in the Battle of Port Arthur on the second day of the war. sank two months after the war began after striking one or more mines laid by the Japanese. Her two sister ships, and , took part in the Battle of the Yellow Sea in August 1904 and were sunk or scuttled during the final stages of the Siege of Port Arthur in early 1905.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Question: does this navy have submarines?

Answer: Yes. Som and Forelle

Imperial Russian Navy [SEP] Russian submarines

By 25 June, the Imperial Russian Navy had purchased (in secrecy) its first naval submarine (known as "Madam") from Isaac Rice's Electric Boat Company. This submarine was (originally) built under the direction of Arthur Leopold Busch as the American torpedo boat "Fulton". It was a prototype of the (Holland Type 7 Design) known as the "Adder"-class/ submarines. By 10 October, this first Russian submarine was (officially) commissioned into service (and shipped to) the eastern coast near Vladivostok Russia and was renamed "Som" or (Catfish). This first Russian submarine was not ready in time for the Russo-Japanese War. The reason behind this delay was partly due to a (late) shipment of torpedoes (that was) originally ordered from Germany in early 1905.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Question: what is som and forelle?

Answer: They were submarines used by Imperial Russian Navy

Explanation:
By 25 June, the Imperial Russian Navy had purchased (in secrecy) its first naval submarine (known as "Madam") from Isaac Rice's Electric Boat Company. This submarine was (originally) built under the direction of Arthur Leopold Busch as the American torpedo boat "Fulton". It was a prototype of the (Holland Type 7 Design) known as the "Adder"-class/ submarines. By 10 October, this first Russian submarine was (officially) commissioned into service (and shipped to) the eastern coast near Vladivostok Russia and was renamed "Som" or (Catfish). This first Russian submarine was not ready in time for the Russo-Japanese War. The reason behind this delay was partly due to a (late) shipment of torpedoes (that was) originally ordered from Germany in early 1905. Russia soon ordered more submarines (of the same basic design) and they were built under contract with the Holland Company by the Neva Shipbuilding Company located in St. Petersburg, Russia.

In 1903, the German ship building firm Germaniawe


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: They were submarines used by Imperial Russian Navy

Question: which wars has this navy fought in?

Answer: Russo-Japanese War

Imperial Russian Navy [SEP] Introduction

It had a revival in the latter part of the century during the reign of Emperor Nicholas II, but most of its Pacific Fleet along with the Baltic Fleet which was sent to the Far East and was destroyed in the humiliating Russo-Japanese War of 1904.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: which wars has this navy fought in?

Context: Russo-Japanese War

Question: when was it?

Answer: 1904-1905

Russo-Japanese War [SEP] Introduction

The Russo-Japanese War (; , "Japanese-Russian War") was fought during 1904 and 1905 between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria and the seas around Korea, Japan and the Yellow Sea. Russia sought a warm-water port on the Pacific Ocean for its navy and for maritime trade. Vladivostok was operational only during the summer, whereas Port Arthur, a naval base in Liaodong Province leased to Russia by the Qing dynasty of China, was operational all year. Since the end of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Japan feared Russian encroachment on its plans to create a sphere of influence in Korea and Manchuria.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: which wars has this navy fought in?

Context: Russo-Japanese War

Context: when was it?

Question: do you know who won?

Answer: Japan

Russo-Japanese War [SEP] Treaty of Portsmouth

Military leaders and senior tsarist officials agreed before the war that Russia was a much stronger nation and had little to fear from the Oriental newcomer. The fanatical zeal of the Japanese infantrymen astonished the Russians, who were dismayed by the apathy, backwardness, and defeatism of their own soldiers. The defeats of the Army and Navy shook up Russian confidence. Throughout 1905, the Imperial Russian government was rocked by revolution. The population was against escalation of the war. The empire was certainly capable of sending more troops but this would make little difference in the outcome due to the poor state of the economy, the embarrassing defeats of the Russian Army and Navy by the Japanese, and the relative unimportance to Russia of the disputed land made the war extremely unpopular.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: which wars has this navy fought in?

Context: Russo-Japanese War

Context: when was it?

Context: do you know who won?

Context: Japan

Question: can you name any battle fought by the russian navy?

Answer: Crimean War

Imperial Russian Navy [SEP] Crimean War and aftermath

Russia's slow technical and economic development in the first half of the 19th century caused her to fall behind other European countries in the field of steamboat construction. By the outbreak of the Crimean War in 1853, Russia had the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets, Arkhangelsk Flotilla, Caspian Flotilla and Okhotsk Flotilla (altogether, 40 battleships, 15 frigates, 24 corvettes and brigs, 16 steam frigates etc.). The combined number of staff of all the fleets equaled 91,000 people. Despite all this, the reactionary serfdom system had an adverse effect on the development of the Russian Navy. It was especially typical of the Baltic Fleet, which was known for its harsh military drill.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: which wars has this navy fought in?

Context: Russo-Japanese War

Context: when was it?

Context: do you know who won?

Context: Japan

Context: can you name any battle fought by the russian navy?

Context: Crimean War

Question: who fought in this?

Answer: Russia fought alliance made up of the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, Sardinia and France

Crimean War [SEP] Introduction

The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance made up of the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, Sardinia and France. The immediate cause of the war involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was a part of the Ottoman Empire. The French promoted the rights of Roman Catholics, while Russia promoted those of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The longer-term causes involved the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the unwillingness of Britain and France to allow Russia to gain territory and power at the Ottoman Empire's expense.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: which wars has this navy fought in?

Context: Russo-Japanese War

Context: when was it?

Context: do you know who won?

Context: Japan

Context: Crimean War

Context: who fought in this?

Context: Russia fought alliance made up of the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, Sardinia and France

Question: what is the capital of the last country?

Answer: Paris

France [SEP] Introduction

France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban areas include Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lille and Nice. France, including its overseas territories, has the most time zones of any country, with a total of 12. During the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a collection of Celtic tribes. The area was annexed by Rome in 51 BC, developing a distinct Gallo-Roman culture that laid the foundation of the French language. The Germanic Franks arrived in 476 and formed the Kingdom of Francia, which became the heartland of the Carolingian Empire.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: which wars has this navy fought in?

Context: Russo-Japanese War

Context: when was it?

Context: do you know who won?

Context: Japan

Context: Crimean War

Context: who fought in this?

Context: what is the capital of the last country?

Context: Paris

Question: can you name any other cities that belong to this country?

Answer: Lyon, Marseille and Toulouse

France [SEP] Major cities

France is a highly urbanized country, with its largest cities (in terms of metropolitan area population in 2016) being Paris (12,568,755 inh.), Lyon (2,310,850), Marseille (1,756,296), Toulouse (1,345,343), Bordeaux (1,232,550), Lille (1,187,824), Nice (1,006,402), Nantes (961,521), Strasbourg (785,839) and Rennes (727,357). (Note: There are significant differences between the metropolitan population figures just cited and those in the following table, which indicates the population of the communes). Rural flight was a perennial political issue throughout most of the 20th century.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: which wars has this navy fought in?

Context: Russo-Japanese War

Context: when was it?

Context: do you know who won?

Context: Japan

Context: Crimean War

Context: who fought in this?

Context: Paris

Context: can you name any other cities that belong to this country?

Context: Lyon, Marseille and Toulouse

Question: what religions are present in this country?

Answer: Christianity, Islam

Explanation: According to a survey held in 2016 by Institut Montaigne and Institut français d'opinion publique (IFOP), 51.1% of the total population of France was Christian, 39.6% had no religion (atheism or agnosticism), 5.6% were Muslims, 2.5% were followers of other faiths, and the remaining 0.4% were undecided about their faith. Estimates of the number of Muslims in France vary widely. In 2003, the French Ministry of the Interior estimated the total number of people of Muslim background to be between 5 and 6 million (8–10%). The current Jewish community in France is the largest in Europe and the third-largest in the world after Israel and the United States, ranging between 480,000 and 600,000, about 0.8% of the population as of 2016.

France [SEP] Religion

France is a secular country in which freedom of religion is a constitutional right. French religious policy is based on the concept of "laïcité", a strict separation of church and state under which public life is kept completely secular. According to a survey held in 2016 by Institut Montaigne and Institut français d'opinion publique (IFOP), 51.1% of the total population of France was Christian, 39.6% had no religion (atheism or agnosticism), 5.6% were Muslims, 2.5% were followers of other faiths, and the remaining 0.4% were undecided about their faith. Estimates of the number of Muslims in France vary widely. In 2003, the French Ministry of the Interior estimated the total number of people of Muslim background to be between 5 and 6 million (8–10%).


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: which wars has this navy fought in?

Context: Russo-Japanese War

Context: when was it?

Context: do you know who won?

Context: Japan

Context: Crimean War

Context: who fought in this?

Context: Paris

Context: Lyon, Marseille and Toulouse

Context: what religions are present in this country?

Context: Christianity, Islam

Question: what relation does this country have with fashion?

Answer: Fashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the 17th century, and modern "haute couture" originated in Paris in the 1860s

France [SEP] Fashion

Fashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the 17th century, and modern "haute couture" originated in Paris in the 1860s. Today, Paris, along with London, Milan, and New York City, is considered one of the world's fashion capitals, and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion houses. The expression Haute couture is, in France, a legally protected name, guaranteeing certain quality standards. The association of France with fashion and style () dates largely to the reign of Louis XIV when the luxury goods industries in France came increasingly under royal control and the French royal court became, arguably, the arbiter of taste and style in Europe.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: which wars has this navy fought in?

Context: Russo-Japanese War

Context: when was it?

Context: do you know who won?

Context: Japan

Context: Crimean War

Context: who fought in this?

Context: Paris

Context: Lyon, Marseille and Toulouse

Context: Christianity, Islam

Context: what relation does this country have with fashion?

Context: Fashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the 17th century, and modern "haute couture" originated in Paris in the 1860s

Question: what sports are played in this country?

Answer: Football, judo, tennis, rugby and pétanque

France [SEP] Sports

France hosts "the world's biggest annual sporting event", the Tour de France, and other popular sports played in France include: football, judo, tennis, rugby and pétanque. France has hosted events such as the 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, and will host the 2023 Rugby World Cup. The country also hosted the 1960 European Nations' Cup, UEFA Euro 1984, UEFA Euro 2016 and 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. The Stade de France in Saint-Denis is France's largest stadium and was the venue for the 1998 FIFA World Cup and 2007 Rugby World Cup finals. Since 1903, France is famous for its 24 Hours of Le Mans sports car endurance race.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: which wars has this navy fought in?

Context: Russo-Japanese War

Context: when was it?

Context: do you know who won?

Context: Japan

Context: Crimean War

Context: who fought in this?

Context: Paris

Context: Lyon, Marseille and Toulouse

Context: Christianity, Islam

Context: what sports are played in this country?

Context: Football, judo, tennis, rugby and pétanque

Question: what is the last sport about?

Answer: It falls into the category of boules sports in which players or teams play their boules/balls towards a target ball

Pétanque [SEP] Introduction

Pétanque (; ) is a sport that falls into the category of boules sports, along with raffa, bocce, boule lyonnaise, lawn bowls and crown green bowling. In all of these sports, players or teams play their boules/balls towards a target ball. In pétanque the objective is to score points by having boules closer to the target than your opponent after all boules have been thrown. This is achieved by throwing or rolling boules closer to the small target ball, called a "cochonnet", or by hitting the opponents' boules away from the target, while standing inside a circle with both feet on the ground.


Context: what weapons does it carry?

Context: do you know who built it?

Context: since when has it been in service?

Context: 10 May 1900

Context: which navy uses this ship?

Context: Imperial Russian Navy

Context: does this navy have submarines?

Context: Yes. Som and Forelle

Context: what is som and forelle?

Context: which wars has this navy fought in?

Context: Russo-Japanese War

Context: when was it?

Context: do you know who won?

Context: Japan

Context: Crimean War

Context: who fought in this?

Context: Paris

Context: Lyon, Marseille and Toulouse

Context: Christianity, Islam

Context: what sports are played in this country?

Context: what is the last sport about?

Context: It falls into the category of boules sports in which players or teams play their boules/balls towards a target ball

Question: how many players in a game?

Answer: One, two or three

Pétanque [SEP] Equipment

Pétanque is played by two teams, where each team consists of one, two, or three players. In the singles and doubles games each player plays with three metal boules. In triples each player uses only two. The area where a pétanque game is played is called a "terrain". A game can be played in an open area like a public park, where the boundaries of the terrain are not marked, or more formally on a "marked terrain" where the terrain boundaries are marked (traditionally, by strings tightly strung between nails driven into the ground). In pétanque, players throw while standing in a circle.


Question: who is kiliaen van rensselaer (merchant)?

Answer: A Dutch diamond and pearl merchant.

Kiliaen van Rensselaer (merchant) [SEP] Introduction

Kiliaen van Rensselaer (; 1586 – buried 7 October 1643) was a Dutch diamond and pearl merchant from Amsterdam who was one of the founders and directors of the Dutch West India Company, being instrumental in the establishment of New Netherland. He was one of the first patroons, but the only one to become successful. He founded the Manor of Rensselaerswyck in what is now mainly New York's Capital District. His estate remained throughout the Dutch and British colonial era and the American Revolution as a legal entity until the 1840s. Eventually, that came to an end during the Anti-Rent War.


Context: who is kiliaen van rensselaer (merchant)?

Context: A Dutch diamond and pearl merchant.

Question: where are the above mentioned people from?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: A Dutch diamond and pearl merchant.

Context: where are the above mentioned people from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where was this person born?

Answer: Hasselt, Overijssel, Netherlands.

Kiliaen van Rensselaer (merchant) [SEP] Early years

Kiliaen van Rensselaer was born in Hasselt, Overijssel, Netherlands in 1586. The exact day of his birth is unknown. He was the son of Hendrick van Rensselaer and Maria Pafraet. His father was a captain in the Dutch army until his death at the Siege of Ostend in early June 1602. With his father usually not home (and eventually meeting his death) because of a military career, Van Rensselaer's mother sent him to apprentice with his uncle, Wolfert van Bijler, a jeweler and diamond merchant. At the time, the gem trade was a prosperous enterprise to join, being a well-developed craft.


Context: A Dutch diamond and pearl merchant.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Hasselt, Overijssel, Netherlands.

Question: what is the history behind this first mentioned town?

Answer: During the Middle Ages, it became one of the free cities of the county of Loon.

Hasselt [SEP] History

Hasselt was founded in approximately the 7th century on the Helbeek, a tributary of the Demer river. The name Hasselt came from "Hasaluth", which means "hazel wood". During the Middle Ages, it became one of the free cities of the county of Loon (which had borders approximately the same as the current province of Limburg). Hasselt was first named in a document in 1165. In 1232 Arnold IV, Count of Loon gave the city the freedoms like those enjoyed in Liège. Even though the city of Borgloon was the original capital of Loon, Hasselt was to become the biggest city thanks to its favourable setting, and the proximity of the count's castle and Herkenrode in Kuringen.


Context: A Dutch diamond and pearl merchant.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Hasselt, Overijssel, Netherlands.

Context: what is the history behind this first mentioned town?

Context: During the Middle Ages, it became one of the free cities of the county of Loon.

Question: what are the transport available here?

Answer: Transport by bus, and train.

Hasselt [SEP] Bus

Hasselt made public transport by bus zero-fare from 1 July 1997 and bus use was said to be as much as "13 times higher" by 2006. In 2013, the subsidies were reduced, resulting in a 60 euro-cents fare per ride. The plan for a new, attractive bus network in Hasselt was influenced by transport minister Eddy Baldewijns, who created an integrated transport policy framework in the middle of 1996 in which public transport was allocated a primary role. The city of Hasselt was one of the first cities to subscribe to the plan. Mayor Steve Stevaert proposed to give absolute primacy on the city's Green Boulevard to public transport.


Context: A Dutch diamond and pearl merchant.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Hasselt, Overijssel, Netherlands.

Context: what are the transport available here?

Context: Transport by bus, and train.

Question: where did the last mentioned country name originate from?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hasselt [SEP] Bus


Context: A Dutch diamond and pearl merchant.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Hasselt, Overijssel, Netherlands.

Context: what are the transport available here?

Context: Transport by bus, and train.

Context: where did the last mentioned country name originate from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the geology behind this land mentioned latter?

Answer: It is mostly composed of deltaic, coastal and eolian derived sediments during the Pleistocene glacial and interglacial periods.

Netherlands [SEP] Geology

The modern Netherlands formed as a result of the interplay of the four main rivers (Rhine, Meuse, Schelde and IJssel) and the influence of the North Sea. The Netherlands is mostly composed of deltaic, coastal and eolian derived sediments during the Pleistocene glacial and interglacial periods. Almost all of the west Netherlands is composed of the Rhine-Meuse river estuary, but human intervention greatly modified the natural processes at work. Most of the western Netherlands is below sea level due to the human process of turning standing bodies of water into usable land, a polder. In the east of the Netherlands, remains are found of the last ice age, which ended approximately ten thousand years ago.


Context: A Dutch diamond and pearl merchant.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Hasselt, Overijssel, Netherlands.

Context: what are the transport available here?

Context: Transport by bus, and train.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the geology behind this land mentioned latter?

Context: It is mostly composed of deltaic, coastal and eolian derived sediments during the Pleistocene glacial and interglacial periods.

Question: what happened here during the prehistoric times?

Answer: The oldest human traces were found in higher soils, near Maastricht, from what is believed to be about 250,000 years ago.

Netherlands [SEP] Prehistory (before 800 BC)

The prehistory of the area that is now the Netherlands was largely shaped by the sea and the rivers that constantly shifted the low-lying geography. The oldest human (Neanderthal) traces were found in higher soils, near Maastricht, from what is believed to be about 250,000 years ago. At the end of the Ice Age, the nomadic late Upper Paleolithic Hamburg culture (c. 13.000–10.000 BC) hunted reindeer in the area, using spears, but the later Ahrensburg culture (c. 11.200–9500 BC) used bow and arrow. From Mesolithic Maglemosian-like tribes (c. 8000 BC) the oldest canoe in the world was found in Drenthe.


Context: A Dutch diamond and pearl merchant.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Hasselt, Overijssel, Netherlands.

Context: what are the transport available here?

Context: Transport by bus, and train.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what happened here during the prehistoric times?

Context: The oldest human traces were found in higher soils, near Maastricht, from what is believed to be about 250,000 years ago.

Question: what happened after world war ii to this place where human traces were found?

Answer: Several European institutions found their base in Maastricht. In 1981 and 1991 European Councils were held in Maastricht, the latter one resulting a year later in the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, leading to the creation of the European Union and the euro.

Maastricht [SEP] After World War II

During the latter half of the century, traditional industries (such as Maastricht's potteries) declined and the city's economy shifted to a service economy. Maastricht University was founded in 1976. Several European institutions found their base in Maastricht. In 1981 and 1991 European Councils were held in Maastricht, the latter one resulting a year later in the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, leading to the creation of the European Union and the euro. Since 1988, The European Fine Art Fair, regarded as the world's leading art fair, annually draws in some of the wealthiest art collectors. In recent years, Maastricht launched several campaigns against drug-dealing in an attempt to stop foreign buyers taking advantage of the liberal Dutch legislation and causing trouble in the downtown area.


Context: A Dutch diamond and pearl merchant.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Hasselt, Overijssel, Netherlands.

Context: what are the transport available here?

Context: Transport by bus, and train.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what happened after world war ii to this place where human traces were found?

Context: Several European institutions found their base in Maastricht. In 1981 and 1991 European Councils were held in Maastricht, the latter one resulting a year later in the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, leading to the creation of the European Union and the euro.

Question: what is the ratification of this treaty mentioned?

Answer: In Ireland, the Eleventh Amendment of the Constitution, allowing the state to ratify the Treaty, was approved in a referendum held on 18 June 1992.

Maastricht Treaty [SEP] Ratification

The Treaty noted that it should be "ratified by the High Contracting Parties in accordance with their respective constitutional requirement". In the cases of Denmark, France and Ireland this required referenda. In the first Danish referendum, on 2 June 1992, the treaty was rejected by a margin of 50.7% to 49.3%. Concessions secured by the end of year in Edinburgh including, critically, the same exemption secured by Britain from the single currency (Denmark would not have to give up the krone), allowed for a second referendum. On 18 May 1993, Maastricht Treaty was endorsed by a vote of 56.7%. In Ireland, the Eleventh Amendment of the Constitution, allowing the state to ratify the Treaty, was approved in a referendum held on 18 June 1992 with the support of 69.1% of votes cast.


Context: A Dutch diamond and pearl merchant.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Hasselt, Overijssel, Netherlands.

Context: what are the transport available here?

Context: Transport by bus, and train.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the ratification of this treaty mentioned?

Context: In Ireland, the Eleventh Amendment of the Constitution, allowing the state to ratify the Treaty, was approved in a referendum held on 18 June 1992.

Question: what crisis took place here?

Answer: The ERM crises.

Maastricht Treaty [SEP] The ERM crises

In Britain the Maastricht rebellion drew on the experience of Black Wednesday. On 16 September 1992 the British government had been forced to withdraw the pound sterling from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), after a failed and costly attempt to keep the pound above its mandated exchange rate limit. Sterling's release from the ERM was then followed in the UK by an economic recovery and a significant fall in unemployment. The ERM was the centrepiece of the European Monetary System (EMS), set up on voluntary basis in 1978 to reduce the "barrier" that exchange-rate volatility presented for intra-Community commerce (and for the management of payments under the Common Agricultural Policy).


Question: taylor swift and ed sheeran everything has changed

Answer: Yes, they wrote and recorded the song.

Everything Has Changed [SEP] Introduction

"Everything Has Changed" is a song written and recorded by both Taylor Swift and Ed Sheeran, taken from Swift's fourth studio album, "Red" (2012). The song was written by the artists and produced by Butch Walker, the track was released as the sixth single from the album on July 16, 2013. "Everything Has Changed" is a guitar ballad combining folk and pop genres about "wanting to get to know a new lover better". The single gained mixed reviews from music critics, who were ambivalent towards its composition. "Everything Has Changed" peaked at number 32 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart in the United States while reaching the top ten in other countries, including Belgium, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.