Question: who played the mom in the movie selena

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Selena [SEP] Introduction

Selena Quintanilla-Pérez (; April 16, 1971 – March 31, 1995) was an American singer, songwriter, spokesperson, model, actress, and fashion designer. Referred to as the "Queen of Tejano music", her contributions to music and fashion made her one of the most celebrated Mexican-American entertainers of the late 20th century. "Billboard" magazine named her the top-selling Latin artist of the 1990s decade, while her posthumous collaboration with MAC cosmetics became the best-selling celebrity collection in cosmetics history. Media outlets called her the "Tejano Madonna" for her clothing choices. She also ranks among the most influential Latin artists of all time and is credited for catapulting a music genre into the mainstream market.


Context:
who played the mom in the movie selena
UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is selena?

Answer: She was an American singer, songwriter, spokesperson, model, actress, and fashion designer.

Explanation: Selena Quintanilla-Pérez (; April 16, 1971 – March 31, 1995) was an American singer, songwriter, spokesperson, model, actress, and fashion designer.

Selena [SEP] Introduction


Context: who played the mom in the movie selena

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is selena?

Context: She was an American singer, songwriter, spokesperson, model, actress, and fashion designer.

Question: how did she begin her career?

Answer: They formed the band Selena y Los Dinos and began promoting it.

Explanation: Jr. opened his first Tex-Mex restaurant, Papa Gayo's, where Selena and her siblings Abraham III (on bass guitar) and Suzette Quintanilla (on drums) would often perform. The following year, the restaurant was forced to close after a recession caused by the 1980s oil glut. The family declared bankruptcy and were evicted from their home. They settled in Corpus Christi, Texas; Quintanilla, Jr. became manager of the newly formed band Selena y Los Dinos and began promoting it. They needed the money and played on street corners, weddings, quinceañeras, and fairs.

Selena [SEP] 1971–1988: Early life and career beginnings

Selena was discovered by musician Rick Trevino, founder of the Tejano Music Awards, where she won the Female Vocalist of the Year award in 1987 and for nine consecutive years after. The band was often turned down by Texas music venues because of the members' ages and because Selena was their lead singer. Her father was often told by promoters that Selena would never be successful because she was a woman in a genre historically dominated by men. By 1988, Selena had released five more LP records; "Alpha" (1986), "Munequito de Trapo" (1987), "And the Winner Is..." (1987), "Preciosa" (1988), and "Dulce Amor" (1988).


Context: who played the mom in the movie selena

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is selena?

Context: how did she begin her career?

Context: They formed the band Selena y Los Dinos and began promoting it.

Question: what are her skills?

Answer: She incorporated R&B, Latin pop, technopop, country and western, and disco into her Tejano music repertoire.

Selena [SEP] Artistry

Selena possessed a soprano vocal range. In an April 1995 interview with "Billboard" magazine, Behar said he saw Selena as a "cross between Janet Jackson and Whitney Houston in style, feel, and vocal range". Although Selena did not write most of her songs, she incorporated R&B, Latin pop, technopop, country and western, and disco into her Tejano music repertoire. Mario Tarradell of "The Dallas Morning News" said that during her music career, Selena "merges Tejano's infectious cumbia rhythm with street-savvy R&B, old-school soul, dancehall reggae, sizzling salsa, and trippy, loopy funk". Selena's recordings expressed "love and pain, as well as strength and passion", according to Charles Tatum.


Context: who played the mom in the movie selena

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is selena?

Context: how did she begin her career?

Context: what are her skills?

Context: She incorporated R&B, Latin pop, technopop, country and western, and disco into her Tejano music repertoire.

Question: where was she born?

Answer: Lake Jackson, Texas.

1971–1988: Early life and career beginnings

Selena Quintanilla was born on April 16, 1971 in Lake Jackson, Texas. She was the youngest child of Marcella Ofelia Quintanilla (née Samora) who had Cherokee ancestry and Abraham Quintanilla Jr., a Mexican American former musician. Selena was raised as a Jehovah's Witness. Quintanilla, Jr. noticed her musical abilities when she was six years old. He told "People" magazine, "Her timing, her pitch were perfect, I could see it from day one". In 1981 in Lake Jackson, Quintanilla, Jr. opened his first Tex-Mex restaurant, Papa Gayo's, where Selena and her siblings Abraham III (on bass guitar) and Suzette Quintanilla (on drums) would often perform.


Context: who played the mom in the movie selena

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is selena?

Context: how did she begin her career?

Context: what are her skills?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Lake Jackson, Texas.

Question: are there any monuments built to honor her?

Answer: Yes, Mirador de La Flor.

Selena [SEP] Monuments

Mirador de La Flor () also known as Selena's seawall, is Selena's own life-size bronze statue monument in Corpus Christi, Texas, sculpted by H.W. "Buddy" Tatum and unveiled in 1997. About 30,000 people from around the world visit this monument every year. Selena's monument attracts thousands of visitors every year." While the monument has remained a popular tourist attraction, the construction of the statue was met with some resistance from the local community. Dusty Durrill a local philanthropist financed the construction of the monument with support from local community leaders. "Corpus Christi like other Texas cities attempted to build its civic identity and tourist industry on the narrative promotion of a Spanish- explorer- meets Anglo- cowboy past." Selena's statue has drawn visitors from all over the world that wish to mourn the star's passing.


Context: who played the mom in the movie selena

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Context: what is selena?

Context: how did she begin her career?

Context: what are her skills?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Lake Jackson, Texas.

Context: are there any monuments built to honor her?

Context: Yes, Mirador de La Flor.

Question: what is the monument made of?

Answer: Bronze.

Selena [SEP] Monuments


Context: who played the mom in the movie selena

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is selena?

Context: how did she begin her career?

Context: what are her skills?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Lake Jackson, Texas.

Context: Yes, Mirador de La Flor.

Context: what is the monument made of?

Context: Bronze.

Question: what sort of culture can we see at her place of birth?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Selena [SEP] Monuments


Context: who played the mom in the movie selena

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Context: what is selena?

Context: how did she begin her career?

Context: what are her skills?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Lake Jackson, Texas.

Context: Yes, Mirador de La Flor.

Context: what is the monument made of?

Context: Bronze.

Context: what sort of culture can we see at her place of birth?

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Question: what is its population?

Answer: As of the census of 2010, there were 26,849 people.

Lake Jackson, Texas [SEP] Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 26,849 people, 10,319 households, and 7,134 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,386.0 people per square mile (535.1/km). There were 11,149 housing units at an average density of 550.2 per square mile (212.4/km). The racial makeup of the city was 84.36% White, 5.10% African American, 0.52% Native American, 3.14% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 4.44% from other races, and 2.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.53% of the population. There were 9,588 households, out of which 42.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.7% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families.


Context: who played the mom in the movie selena

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Context: what is selena?

Context: how did she begin her career?

Context: what are her skills?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Lake Jackson, Texas.

Context: Yes, Mirador de La Flor.

Context: what is the monument made of?

Context: Bronze.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its population?

Context: As of the census of 2010, there were 26,849 people.

Question: can you name any landmark from there?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Lake Jackson, Texas [SEP] Demographics


Question: who played the hunchback in the movie 300

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

300 (film) [SEP] Plot

In 479 B.C., one year after the Battle of Thermopylae, Dilios, a hoplite in the Spartan army, begins his story by depicting the life of Leonidas I from childhood to kingship via Spartan doctrine. Dilios's story continues and a Persian herald arrives at the gates of Sparta demanding "earth and water" as a token of submission to King Xerxes—the Spartans reply by throwing the envoy and his escort into a deep well. Leonidas then visits the Ephors, proposing a strategy to drive back the numerically superior Persians through the Hot Gates. His plan involves building a wall in order to funnel the Persians into a narrow pass between the rocks and the sea: negating the Persian advantage in numbers, and giving the Greeks' heavy infantry the advantage over the vast waves of Persian light infantry.


Context: who played the hunchback in the movie 300

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Question: when was the movie 300 released?

Answer: 9 December, 2006.

Explanation: "300" was released for the first time in Austin Butt-Numb-A-Thon on December 9, 2006, later released in Berlin International Film Festival on February 14, 2007, and finally released in both conventional and IMAX theaters in the United States on March 9, 2007, and on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and HD DVD on July 31, 2007.

300 (film) [SEP] Introduction

Critics praised its visuals and style but criticised its depiction of the Persians, which some characterized as bigoted or Iranophobic. The film grossed over $456 million, and the film's opening was the 24th-largest in box office history at the time. A sequel, titled "", based on Miller's previously unpublished graphic novel prequel "Xerxes", was released on March 7, 2014.


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Context: when was the movie 300 released?

Context: 9 December, 2006.

Question: it was released by which label?

Answer: It was jointly produced by Nunnari and Mark Canton, and Michael B.

300 (film) [SEP] Production

Producer Gianni Nunnari was not the only person planning a film about the Battle of Thermopylae; director Michael Mann already planned a film of the battle based on the book "Gates of Fire". Nunnari discovered Frank Miller's graphic novel "300", which impressed him enough to acquire the film rights. "300" was jointly produced by Nunnari and Mark Canton, and Michael B. Gordon wrote the script. Director Zack Snyder was hired in June 2004 as he had attempted to make a film based on Miller's novel before making his debut with the remake of "Dawn of the Dead". Snyder then had screenwriter Kurt Johnstad rewrite Gordon's script for production and Frank Miller was retained as consultant and executive producer.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the movie 300 released?

Context: 9 December, 2006.

Context: it was released by which label?

Context: It was jointly produced by Nunnari and Mark Canton, and Michael B.

Question: can you name some of the actor?

Answer: Gerard Butler, Rodrigo Santoro, Lena Headey, David Wenham and others.

Explanation: The plot revolves around King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian "God-King" Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) and his invading army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the battle rages, Queen Gorgo (Lena Headey) attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed by a voice-over narrative by the Spartan soldier Dilios (David Wenham). Through this narrative technique, various fantastical creatures are introduced, placing "300" within the genre of historical fantasy.

300 (film) [SEP] Introduction

As the battle rages, Queen Gorgo (Lena Headey) attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed by a voice-over narrative by the Spartan soldier Dilios (David Wenham). Through this narrative technique, various fantastical creatures are introduced, placing "300" within the genre of historical fantasy. "300" was released for the first time in Austin Butt-Numb-A-Thon on December 9, 2006, later released in Berlin International Film Festival on February 14, 2007, and finally released in both conventional and IMAX theaters in the United States on March 9, 2007, and on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and HD DVD on July 31, 2007.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the movie 300 released?

Context: 9 December, 2006.

Context: it was released by which label?

Context: can you name some of the actor?

Context: Gerard Butler, Rodrigo Santoro, Lena Headey, David Wenham and others.

Question: what was the first actors profession before becoming an actor?

Answer: He was a trainee lawyer.

Gerard Butler [SEP] Legal career and early acting career

Upon graduation, he took a position as a trainee lawyer at an Edinburgh law firm. However, he continued to stay out late drinking and he frequently missed work because of this. One week before he qualified as a lawyer, he was fired. At the age of 25, and an unqualified lawyer, Butler moved to London to pursue his dream of becoming famous. He admitted, "When I started out, I'm not sure I was actually in it for the right reasons. I wanted very much to be famous." Unable to win any acting roles initially, he worked in a variety of jobs including as a waiter, a telemarketer and a demonstrator of how toys work at fairs.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the movie 300 released?

Context: 9 December, 2006.

Context: it was released by which label?

Context: can you name some of the actor?

Context: what was the first actors profession before becoming an actor?

Context: He was a trainee lawyer.

Question: is he married?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the movie 300 released?

Context: 9 December, 2006.

Context: it was released by which label?

Context: can you name some of the actor?

Context: He was a trainee lawyer.

Context: is he married?

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Question: what is the storyline of the above mentioned movie?

Answer: The plot revolves around King Leonidas, who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian "God-King" Xerxes and his invading army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the battle rages, Queen Gorgo attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed by a voice-over narrative by the Spartan soldier Dilios.

Explanation: The plot revolves around King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian "God-King" Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) and his invading army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the battle rages, Queen Gorgo (Lena Headey) attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed by a voice-over narrative by the Spartan soldier Dilios (David Wenham).

300 (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the movie 300 released?

Context: 9 December, 2006.

Context: it was released by which label?

Context: can you name some of the actor?

Context: He was a trainee lawyer.

Context: is he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the storyline of the above mentioned movie?

Context: The plot revolves around King Leonidas, who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian "God-King" Xerxes and his invading army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the battle rages, Queen Gorgo attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed by a voice-over narrative by the Spartan soldier Dilios.

Question: who did the voice work of the narrator?

Answer: David Wenham.

Explanation: The story is framed by a voice-over narrative by the Spartan soldier Dilios (David Wenham).

300 (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the movie 300 released?

Context: 9 December, 2006.

Context: it was released by which label?

Context: can you name some of the actor?

Context: He was a trainee lawyer.

Context: is he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who did the voice work of the narrator?

Context: David Wenham.

Question: who is this person?

Answer: An Australian actor who has appeared in movies, television series and theatre productions.

David Wenham [SEP] Introduction

David Wenham (born 21 September 1965) is an Australian actor who has appeared in movies, television series and theatre productions. He is known in Hollywood for his roles as Faramir in "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, Carl in "Van Helsing", Dilios in "300" and its sequel "", Al Parker in "Top of the Lake", and Lieutenant John Scarfield in "". He is known in his native Australia for his role as Diver Dan in "SeaChange".


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Context: when was the movie 300 released?

Context: 9 December, 2006.

Context: it was released by which label?

Context: can you name some of the actor?

Context: He was a trainee lawyer.

Context: is he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who did the voice work of the narrator?

Context: David Wenham.

Context: who is this person?

Context: An Australian actor who has appeared in movies, television series and theatre productions.

Question: can you name some of his theatre work?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

David Wenham [SEP] Introduction


Question: who got ate by a whale in the bible

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Jonah [SEP] Introduction

Jonah or Jonas is a prophet in the Hebrew Bible of the northern kingdom of Israel in about the 8th century BCE. He is the central figure of the Book of Jonah, in which he is called upon by God to travel to Nineveh and warn its residents of impending divine wrath. Instead, Jonah boards a ship to Tarshish. Caught in a storm, he orders the ship's crew to cast him overboard, whereupon he is swallowed by a giant fish. Three days later, after Jonah agrees to go to Nineveh, the fish vomits him out onto the shore. Jonah successfully convinces the entire city of Nineveh to repent, but waits outside the city in expectation of its destruction.


Context:
who got ate by a whale in the bible
UNANSWERABLE

Question: who is jonah?

Answer: He is a prophet in the Hebrew Bible of the northern kingdom of Israel in about the 8th century BCE.

Explanation: Jonah or Jonas is a prophet in the Hebrew Bible of the northern kingdom of Israel in about the 8th century BCE.

Jonah [SEP] Introduction


Context: who got ate by a whale in the bible

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Context: who is jonah?

Context: He is a prophet in the Hebrew Bible of the northern kingdom of Israel in about the 8th century BCE.

Question: what is the above mentioned book?

Answer: It is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, including the Torah.

Hebrew Bible [SEP] Introduction

The Hebrew Bible, which is also called the Tanakh (; , or ; also "Tenakh", "Tenak", "Tanach"), or sometimes the Miqra (מִקְרָא), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, including the Torah. These texts are almost exclusively in Biblical Hebrew, with a few passages in Biblical Aramaic (in the books of Daniel and Ezra, the verse , and some single words). The form of this text that is authoritative for Rabbinic Judaism is known as the Masoretic Text (MT) and consists of 24 books, while Protestant Bibles divide essentially the same material into 39 books. Catholic Bibles and Eastern / Greek Orthodox Bibles contain additional materials in their Old Testaments, derived from the Septuagint (texts translated into Koine Greek) and other sources.


Context: who got ate by a whale in the bible

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Context: who is jonah?

Context: what is the above mentioned book?

Context: It is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, including the Torah.

Question: is there any poetic books too ?

Answer: Yes, "Sifrei Emet".

Hebrew Bible [SEP] Poetic books

In Masoretic manuscripts (and some printed editions), Psalms, Proverbs and Job are presented in a special two-column form emphasizing the parallel stichs in the verses, which are a function of their poetry. Collectively, these three books are known as "Sifrei Emet" (an acronym of the titles in Hebrew, איוב, משלי, תהלים yields "Emet" אמ"ת, which is also the Hebrew for "truth"). These three books are also the only ones in Tanakh with a special system of cantillation notes that are designed to emphasize parallel stichs within verses. However, the beginning and end of the book of Job are in the normal prose system.


Context: who got ate by a whale in the bible

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Context: who is jonah?

Context: what is the above mentioned book?

Context: is there any poetic books too ?

Context: Yes, "Sifrei Emet".

Question: which are the five scrolls?

Answer: The five relatively short books of the Song of Songs, the Book of Ruth, the Book of Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and the Book of Esther are collectively known as the "Ḥamesh Megillot" .

Hebrew Bible [SEP] Five scrolls ("Ḥamesh Megillot")

The five relatively short books of the Song of Songs, the Book of Ruth, the Book of Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and the Book of Esther are collectively known as the "Ḥamesh Megillot" (Five Megillot). These are the latest books collected and designated as "authoritative" in the Jewish canon, with the latest parts having dates ranging into the 2nd century BCE. These scrolls are traditionally read over the course of the year in many Jewish communities.


Context: who got ate by a whale in the bible

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is jonah?

Context: what is the above mentioned book?

Context: is there any poetic books too ?

Context: Yes, "Sifrei Emet".

Context: which are the five scrolls?

Context: The five relatively short books of the Song of Songs, the Book of Ruth, the Book of Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and the Book of Esther are collectively known as the "Ḥamesh Megillot" .

Question: what can you  tell me about the second short book?

Answer: In most Christian canons it is treated as a history book and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel.

Book of Ruth [SEP] Introduction

The Book of Ruth (abbreviated Rth) (, "Megilath Ruth", "the Scroll of Ruth", one of the Five Megillot) is included in the third division, or the Writings (Ketuvim), of the Hebrew Bible; in most Christian canons it is treated as a history book and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel. The book, written in Hebrew in the 6th–4th centuries BC, tells of a Moabite woman, Ruth, accepting Yahweh, the God of the Israelites, as her God and the Israelite people as her own. In –17, Ruth tells Naomi, her Israelite mother-in-law, "Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay.


Context: who got ate by a whale in the bible

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is jonah?

Context: what is the above mentioned book?

Context: is there any poetic books too ?

Context: Yes, "Sifrei Emet".

Context: which are the five scrolls?

Context: what can you  tell me about the second short book?

Context: In most Christian canons it is treated as a history book and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel.

Question: how is the book structured?

Answer: The book is structured in four chapters.

Book of Ruth [SEP] Structure

The book is structured in four chapters: Act 1: Prologue and Problem: Death and Emptiness (1:1–22) Act 2: Ruth Meets Boaz, Naomi's Relative, on the Harvest Field (2:1–23)


Context: who got ate by a whale in the bible

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is jonah?

Context: what is the above mentioned book?

Context: is there any poetic books too ?

Context: Yes, "Sifrei Emet".

Context: which are the five scrolls?

Context: how is the book structured?

Context: The book is structured in four chapters.

Question: can you briefly tell me the summery of the third book?

Answer: As per king Kohelet , the only good is to partake of life in the present, for enjoyment is from the hand of God. Everything is ordered in time and people are subject to time in contrast to God's eternal character.

Ecclesiastes [SEP] Summary

The ten-verse introduction in verses 1:2–11 are the words of the frame narrator; they set the mood for what is to follow. Kohelet's message is that all is meaningless. After the introduction come the words of Kohelet. As king he has experienced everything and done everything, but nothing is ultimately reliable. Death levels all. The only good is to partake of life in the present, for enjoyment is from the hand of God. Everything is ordered in time and people are subject to time in contrast to God's eternal character. The world is filled with injustice, which only God will adjudicate.


Context: who got ate by a whale in the bible

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is jonah?

Context: what is the above mentioned book?

Context: is there any poetic books too ?

Context: Yes, "Sifrei Emet".

Context: which are the five scrolls?

Context: how is the book structured?

Context: can you briefly tell me the summery of the third book?

Context: As per king Kohelet , the only good is to partake of life in the present, for enjoyment is from the hand of God. Everything is ordered in time and people are subject to time in contrast to God's eternal character.

Question: who is the author of the last book from the above list?

Answer: According to the Talmud, it was a redaction by the Great Assembly of an original text by Mordecai.

Book of Esther [SEP] Authorship and date

The "Megillat Esther" (Book of Esther) became the last of the 24 books of the Tanakh to be canonized by the Sages of the Great Assembly. According to the Talmud, it was a redaction by the Great Assembly of an original text by Mordecai. It is usually dated to the 4th century BC. Shemaryahu Talmon, however, suggests that "the traditional setting of the book in the days of Xerxes I cannot be wide off the mark." The Greek book of Esther, included in the Septuagint, is a retelling of the events of the Hebrew Book of Esther rather than a translation and records additional traditions which do not appear in the traditional Hebrew version, in particular the identification of Ahasuerus with Artaxerxes and details of various letters.


Context: who got ate by a whale in the bible

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is jonah?

Context: what is the above mentioned book?

Context: is there any poetic books too ?

Context: Yes, "Sifrei Emet".

Context: which are the five scrolls?

Context: how is the book structured?

Context: who is the author of the last book from the above list?

Context: According to the Talmud, it was a redaction by the Great Assembly of an original text by Mordecai.

Question: what is the story of this book?

Answer: It relates the story of a Hebrew woman in Persia, born as Hadassah but known as Esther, who becomes queen of Persia and thwarts a genocide of her people.

Book of Esther [SEP] Introduction

The Book of Esther (hebrew: מְגִלַּת אֶסְתֵּר, "Megillat Esther"), also known in Hebrew as "the Scroll" ("Megillah"), is a book in the third section ("Ketuvim", "Writings") of the Jewish "Tanakh" (the Hebrew Bible) and in the Christian Old Testament. It is one of the five Scrolls ("Megillot") in the Hebrew Bible. It relates the story of a Hebrew woman in Persia, born as Hadassah but known as Esther, who becomes queen of Persia and thwarts a genocide of her people. The story forms the core of the Jewish festival of Purim, during which it is read aloud twice: once in the evening and again the following morning.


Question: earth is what number planet from the sun

Answer: Third

Solar System [SEP] Introduction

The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly. Of the objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest are the eight planets, with the remainder being smaller objects, the dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies. Of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly—the moons—two are larger than the smallest planet, Mercury. The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the system's mass is in the Sun, with the majority of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter.


Context: earth is what number planet from the sun

Context: Third

Question: how many planets does this system of sun consists of?

Answer: Nine

Solar System [SEP] Introduction

The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets are giant planets, being substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest planets, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, called volatiles, such as water, ammonia and methane. All eight planets have almost circular orbits that lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic.


Context: Third

Context: how many planets does this system of sun consists of?

Context: Nine

Question: what is the history behind the formation of the system?

Answer: The Solar System formed 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud.

Explanation: The Solar System formed 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud.

Solar System [SEP] Formation and evolution

The ejected outer layers will form what is known as a planetary nebula, returning some of the material that formed the Sun—but now enriched with heavier elements like carbon—to the interstellar medium.


Context: Third

Context: Nine

Context: what is the history behind the formation of the system?

Context: The Solar System formed 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud.

Question: which among the nine planets is the hottest?

Answer: Venus

Solar System [SEP] Venus

Venus (0.7 AU from the Sun) is close in size to Earth () and, like Earth, has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and evidence of internal geological activity. It is much drier than Earth, and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense. Venus has no natural satellites. It is the hottest planet, with surface temperatures over , most likely due to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. No definitive evidence of current geological activity has been detected on Venus, but it has no magnetic field that would prevent depletion of its substantial atmosphere, which suggests that its atmosphere is being replenished by volcanic eruptions.


Context: Third

Context: Nine

Context: which among the nine planets is the hottest?

Context: Venus

Question: what are its physical characteristics?

Answer: It has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and evidence of internal geological activity. It is much drier than Earth, and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.

Explanation: has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and evidence of internal geological activity. It is much drier than Earth, and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.

Solar System [SEP] Venus


Context: Third

Context: Nine

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: It has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and evidence of internal geological activity. It is much drier than Earth, and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.

Question: how long it takes to complete one revolution around the sun?

Answer: Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance of about , and completes an orbit every 224.7 days.

Explanation: Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance of about , and completes an orbit every 224.7 days.

Venus [SEP] Orbit and rotation

The 584-day average interval between successive close approaches to Earth is almost exactly equal to 5 Venusian solar days (5.001444 to be precise), but the hypothesis of a spin-orbit resonance with Earth has been discounted.


Context: Third

Context: Nine

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: how long it takes to complete one revolution around the sun?

Context: Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance of about , and completes an orbit every 224.7 days.

Question: does the planet have any cultural aspect?

Answer: In Sumerian religion, Inanna was associated with the planet Venus. It has importance in mythology, astrology and fiction

Venus [SEP] In culture

Venus is a primary feature of the night sky, and so has been of remarkable importance in mythology, astrology and fiction throughout history and in different cultures. In Sumerian religion, Inanna was associated with the planet Venus. Several hymns praise Inanna in her role as the goddess of the planet Venus. Theology professor Jeffrey Cooley has argued that, in many myths, Inanna's movements may correspond with the movements of the planet Venus in the sky. The discontinuous movements of Venus relate to both mythology as well as Inanna's dual nature. In "Inanna's Descent to the Underworld", unlike any other deity, Inanna is able to descend into the netherworld and return to the heavens.


Context: Third

Context: Nine

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: does the planet have any cultural aspect?

Context: In Sumerian religion, Inanna was associated with the planet Venus. It has importance in mythology, astrology and fiction

Question: which among the nine planet is "dwarf planet"?

Answer: Pluto

Solar System [SEP] Introduction

The Solar System also contains smaller objects. The asteroid belt, which lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, mostly contains objects composed, like the terrestrial planets, of rock and metal. Beyond Neptune's orbit lie the Kuiper belt and scattered disc, which are populations of trans-Neptunian objects composed mostly of ices, and beyond them a newly discovered population of sednoids. Within these populations, some objects are large enough to have rounded under their own gravity, though there is considerable debate as to how many there will prove to be. Such objects are categorized as dwarf planets. The only certain dwarf planet is Pluto, with another trans-Neptunian object, Eris, expected to be, and the asteroid Ceres at least close to being a dwarf planet.


Context: Third

Context: Nine

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: which among the nine planet is "dwarf planet"?

Context: Pluto

Question: what do you mean by the above quoted term?

Answer: A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that does not dominate its region of space and is not a satellite.

Dwarf planet [SEP] Introduction

A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that does not dominate its region of space (as a true or classical planet does) and is not a satellite. That is, it is in direct orbit of the Sun and is massive enough to be plastic – for its gravity to maintain it in a hydrostatically equilibrious shape (usually a spheroid) – but has not cleared the neighborhood of its orbit of similar objects. The prototype dwarf planet is Pluto. The interest of dwarf planets to planetary geologists is that, being possibly differentiated and geologically active bodies, they may display planetary geology, an expectation borne out by the 2015 "New Horizons" mission to Pluto.


Context: Third

Context: Nine

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: Pluto

Context: what do you mean by the above quoted term?

Context: A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that does not dominate its region of space and is not a satellite.

Question: how many natural satellites does the above mentioned planet have?

Answer: Pluto has five known natural satellites.

Pluto [SEP] Satellites

Pluto has five known natural satellites. The closest to Pluto is Charon. First identified in 1978 by astronomer James Christy, Charon is the only moon of Pluto that may be in hydrostatic equilibrium; Charon's mass is sufficient to cause the barycenter of the Pluto–Charon system to be outside Pluto. Beyond Charon there are four much smaller circumbinary moons. In order of distance from Pluto they are Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. Nix and Hydra were both discovered in 2005, Kerberos was discovered in 2011, and Styx was discovered in 2012. The satellites' orbits are circular (eccentricity < 0.006) and coplanar with Pluto's equator (inclination < 1°), and therefore tilted approximately 120° relative to Pluto's orbit.


Context: Third

Context: Nine

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: Pluto

Context: how many natural satellites does the above mentioned planet have?

Context: Pluto has five known natural satellites.

Question: can you name some of them?

Answer: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra.

Explanation: Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra.

Pluto [SEP] Satellites


Context: Third

Context: Nine

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: Pluto

Context: can you name some of them?

Context: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra.

Question: how is the atmosphere in this dwarf planet?

Answer: Pluto has a tenuous atmosphere consisting of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, which are in equilibrium with their ices on Pluto's surface.

Pluto [SEP] Atmosphere

Pluto has a tenuous atmosphere consisting of nitrogen (N), methane (CH), and carbon monoxide (CO), which are in equilibrium with their ices on Pluto's surface. According to the measurements by "New Horizons", the surface pressure is about 1 Pa (10 μbar), roughly one million to 100,000 times less than Earth's atmospheric pressure. It was initially thought that, as Pluto moves away from the Sun, its atmosphere should gradually freeze onto the surface; studies of "New Horizons" data and ground-based occultations show that Pluto's atmospheric density increases, and that it likely remains gaseous throughout Pluto's orbit. "New Horizons" observations showed that atmospheric escape of nitrogen to be 10,000 times less than expected.


Context: Third

Context: Nine

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: Pluto

Context: can you name some of them?

Context: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra.

Context: how is the atmosphere in this dwarf planet?

Context: Pluto has a tenuous atmosphere consisting of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, which are in equilibrium with their ices on Pluto's surface.

Question: who discovered  the first element mentioned in the list?

Answer: Daniel Rutherford

Explanation: Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford

Nitrogen [SEP] Introduction

Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. Although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish had independently done so at about the same time, Rutherford is generally accorded the credit because his work was published first. The name "nitrogène" was suggested by French chemist Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal in 1790 when it was found that nitrogen was present in nitric acid and nitrates. Antoine Lavoisier suggested instead the name "azote", from the Greek ἀζωτικός "no life", as it is an asphyxiant gas; this name is instead used in many languages, such as French, Italian, Russian, Romanian and Turkish, and appears in the English names of some nitrogen compounds such as hydrazine, azides and azo compounds.


Context: earth is what number planet from the sun

Context: Third

Context: how many planets does this system of sun consists of?

Context: Nine

Context: what is the history behind the formation of the system?

Context: The Solar System formed 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud.

Context: which among the nine planets is the hottest?

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: It has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and evidence of internal geological activity. It is much drier than Earth, and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.

Context: how long it takes to complete one revolution around the sun?

Context: Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance of about , and completes an orbit every 224.7 days.

Context: does the planet have any cultural aspect?

Context: In Sumerian religion, Inanna was associated with the planet Venus. It has importance in mythology, astrology and fiction

Context: which among the nine planet is "dwarf planet"?

Context: Pluto

Context: what do you mean by the above quoted term?

Context: A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that does not dominate its region of space and is not a satellite.

Context: how many natural satellites does the above mentioned planet have?

Context: Pluto has five known natural satellites.

Context: can you name some of them?

Context: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra.

Context: how is the atmosphere in this dwarf planet?

Context: Pluto has a tenuous atmosphere consisting of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, which are in equilibrium with their ices on Pluto's surface.

Context: who discovered  the first element mentioned in the list?

Context: Daniel Rutherford

Question: and when did he discover it?

Answer: 1772

Nitrogen [SEP] Introduction


Context: earth is what number planet from the sun

Context: Third

Context: how many planets does this system of sun consists of?

Context: Nine

Context: what is the history behind the formation of the system?

Context: The Solar System formed 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud.

Context: which among the nine planets is the hottest?

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: It has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and evidence of internal geological activity. It is much drier than Earth, and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.

Context: how long it takes to complete one revolution around the sun?

Context: Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance of about , and completes an orbit every 224.7 days.

Context: does the planet have any cultural aspect?

Context: In Sumerian religion, Inanna was associated with the planet Venus. It has importance in mythology, astrology and fiction

Context: which among the nine planet is "dwarf planet"?

Context: Pluto

Context: what do you mean by the above quoted term?

Context: A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that does not dominate its region of space and is not a satellite.

Context: how many natural satellites does the above mentioned planet have?

Context: Pluto has five known natural satellites.

Context: can you name some of them?

Context: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra.

Context: how is the atmosphere in this dwarf planet?

Context: Pluto has a tenuous atmosphere consisting of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, which are in equilibrium with their ices on Pluto's surface.

Context: who discovered  the first element mentioned in the list?

Context: Daniel Rutherford

Context: and when did he discover it?

Question: how this can be produce artificially?

Answer: In a chemical laboratory, it is prepared by treating an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride with sodium nitrite.

Nitrogen [SEP] Production

In a chemical laboratory, it is prepared by treating an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride with sodium nitrite. Small amounts of the impurities NO and HNO are also formed in this reaction. The impurities can be removed by passing the gas through aqueous sulfuric acid containing potassium dichromate. Very pure nitrogen can be prepared by the thermal decomposition of barium azide or sodium azide.


Context: earth is what number planet from the sun

Context: Third

Context: how many planets does this system of sun consists of?

Context: Nine

Context: what is the history behind the formation of the system?

Context: The Solar System formed 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud.

Context: which among the nine planets is the hottest?

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: It has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and evidence of internal geological activity. It is much drier than Earth, and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.

Context: how long it takes to complete one revolution around the sun?

Context: Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance of about , and completes an orbit every 224.7 days.

Context: does the planet have any cultural aspect?

Context: In Sumerian religion, Inanna was associated with the planet Venus. It has importance in mythology, astrology and fiction

Context: which among the nine planet is "dwarf planet"?

Context: Pluto

Context: what do you mean by the above quoted term?

Context: A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that does not dominate its region of space and is not a satellite.

Context: how many natural satellites does the above mentioned planet have?

Context: Pluto has five known natural satellites.

Context: can you name some of them?

Context: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra.

Context: how is the atmosphere in this dwarf planet?

Context: Pluto has a tenuous atmosphere consisting of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, which are in equilibrium with their ices on Pluto's surface.

Context: who discovered  the first element mentioned in the list?

Context: Daniel Rutherford

Context: and when did he discover it?

Context: how this can be produce artificially?

Context: In a chemical laboratory, it is prepared by treating an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride with sodium nitrite.

Question: can you mention some of its applications?

Answer: Many saltwater fish manufacture large amounts of trimethylamine oxide to protect them from the high osmotic effects of their environment; conversion of this compound to dimethylamine is responsible for the early odour in unfresh saltwater fish. In animals, free radical nitric oxide

Nitrogen [SEP] Occurrence

Furthermore, nitrous oxide, which is produced during denitrification, attacks the atmospheric ozone layer. Many saltwater fish manufacture large amounts of trimethylamine oxide to protect them from the high osmotic effects of their environment; conversion of this compound to dimethylamine is responsible for the early odour in unfresh saltwater fish. In animals, free radical nitric oxide (derived from an amino acid), serves as an important regulatory molecule for circulation.


Context: earth is what number planet from the sun

Context: Third

Context: how many planets does this system of sun consists of?

Context: Nine

Context: what is the history behind the formation of the system?

Context: The Solar System formed 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud.

Context: which among the nine planets is the hottest?

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: It has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and evidence of internal geological activity. It is much drier than Earth, and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.

Context: how long it takes to complete one revolution around the sun?

Context: Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance of about , and completes an orbit every 224.7 days.

Context: does the planet have any cultural aspect?

Context: In Sumerian religion, Inanna was associated with the planet Venus. It has importance in mythology, astrology and fiction

Context: which among the nine planet is "dwarf planet"?

Context: Pluto

Context: what do you mean by the above quoted term?

Context: A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that does not dominate its region of space and is not a satellite.

Context: how many natural satellites does the above mentioned planet have?

Context: Pluto has five known natural satellites.

Context: can you name some of them?

Context: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra.

Context: how is the atmosphere in this dwarf planet?

Context: Pluto has a tenuous atmosphere consisting of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, which are in equilibrium with their ices on Pluto's surface.

Context: who discovered  the first element mentioned in the list?

Context: Daniel Rutherford

Context: and when did he discover it?

Context: how this can be produce artificially?

Context: In a chemical laboratory, it is prepared by treating an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride with sodium nitrite.

Context: can you mention some of its applications?

Context: Many saltwater fish manufacture large amounts of trimethylamine oxide to protect them from the high osmotic effects of their environment; conversion of this compound to dimethylamine is responsible for the early odour in unfresh saltwater fish. In animals, free radical nitric oxide

Question: what are its chemical properties?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Nitrogen [SEP] Atomic

A nitrogen atom has seven electrons. In the ground state, they are arranged in the electron configuration 1s2s2p2p2p. It therefore has five valence electrons in the 2s and 2p orbitals, three of which (the p-electrons) are unpaired. It has one of the highest electronegativities among the elements (3.04 on the Pauling scale), exceeded only by chlorine (3.16), oxygen (3.44), and fluorine (3.98). (The light noble gases, helium, neon, and argon, would presumably also be more electronegative, and in fact are on the Allen scale.) Following periodic trends, its single-bond covalent radius of 71 pm is smaller than those of boron (84 pm) and carbon (76 pm), while it is larger than those of oxygen (66 pm) and fluorine (57 pm).


Context: earth is what number planet from the sun

Context: Third

Context: how many planets does this system of sun consists of?

Context: Nine

Context: what is the history behind the formation of the system?

Context: The Solar System formed 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud.

Context: which among the nine planets is the hottest?

Context: Venus

Context: what are its physical characteristics?

Context: It has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere, and evidence of internal geological activity. It is much drier than Earth, and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.

Context: how long it takes to complete one revolution around the sun?

Context: Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance of about , and completes an orbit every 224.7 days.

Context: does the planet have any cultural aspect?

Context: In Sumerian religion, Inanna was associated with the planet Venus. It has importance in mythology, astrology and fiction

Context: which among the nine planet is "dwarf planet"?

Context: Pluto

Context: what do you mean by the above quoted term?

Context: A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that does not dominate its region of space and is not a satellite.

Context: how many natural satellites does the above mentioned planet have?

Context: Pluto has five known natural satellites.

Context: can you name some of them?

Context: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra.

Context: how is the atmosphere in this dwarf planet?

Context: Pluto has a tenuous atmosphere consisting of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, which are in equilibrium with their ices on Pluto's surface.

Context: who discovered  the first element mentioned in the list?

Context: Daniel Rutherford

Context: and when did he discover it?

Context: how this can be produce artificially?

Context: In a chemical laboratory, it is prepared by treating an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride with sodium nitrite.

Context: can you mention some of its applications?

Context: Many saltwater fish manufacture large amounts of trimethylamine oxide to protect them from the high osmotic effects of their environment; conversion of this compound to dimethylamine is responsible for the early odour in unfresh saltwater fish. In animals, free radical nitric oxide

Context: what are its chemical properties?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which is the largest planet of the system of sun discussed earlier?

Answer: Jupiter

Explanation: Jupiter

Solar System [SEP] Introduction


Question: who plays the smoking man in x files

Answer: William Bruce Davis

William B. Davis [SEP] Introduction

William Bruce Davis (born January 13, 1938) is a Canadian actor and director, best known for his role as the Cigarette Smoking Man on "The X-Files". Besides appearing in many TV programs and movies, Davis founded his own acting school, the William Davis Centre for Actors Study. In his personal life, Davis is an avid water-skier, lectures on skepticism at events such as the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry's CSICon, and advocates for action on climate change. In 2011 Davis published his memoir, "Where There's Smoke ... The Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man".


Context:
who plays the smoking man in x files
William Bruce Davis

Question: where is he from?

Answer: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

William B. Davis [SEP] Early life and education

Davis was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to a lawyer father and psychologist mother. He began his acting career as a child in 1949, in radio drama and summer stock theatre. His cousins Murray and Donald Davis ran the Straw Hat Players in Ontario in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and rehearsed in the basement of Davis' house. When they needed a boy they gave William his first professional acting job. He went on from there to have a career as a boy actor on Canadian Broadcasting Corporation radio before his voice broke. In 1955 he enrolled at the University of Toronto to study philosophy, but actively pursued a career as an actor alongside future actor Donald Sutherland.


Context:
who plays the smoking man in x files
William Bruce Davis
where is he from?
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Question: is he married?

Answer: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

William B. Davis [SEP] Personal life

Taking action on a personal level, Davis drives a Tesla powered by hydroelectricity. He is also a former national champion water skier and for a time held various records in older age divisions. In a conversation with Brendan Beiser, Davis states he holds the record for tricks in his age category, adding "I did hold the slalom record until this past year until some young whippersnapper of 65 from Ontario took the record away from me." In 2011, Davis married Emmanuelle Herpin. He has two daughters, Melinda and Rebecca, from an earlier marriage. He also has two grandchildren.


Context:
who plays the smoking man in x files
William Bruce Davis
where is he from?
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
is he married?
Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Question: is he a skeptic?

Answer: Yes, he became increasingly involved in the skeptic movement and began to give lectures as a skeptic spokesman at universities across North America and at skeptic conventions, including CSI's CSICon in New Orleans

William B. Davis [SEP] Skepticism

While on "The X-Files", Davis was constantly challenged by fans of the show about his non-belief in the paranormal and aliens. Davis credits Barry Beyerstein and the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) for introducing him to the skeptic community. Davis became increasingly involved in the skeptic movement and began to give lectures as a skeptic spokesman at universities across North America and at skeptic conventions, including CSI's CSICon in New Orleans. When asked about his belief in the paranormal at the London Film and Comic Con in 2010, Davis replied, "The onus is on you to prove the extraordinary ...


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, he became increasingly involved in the skeptic movement and began to give lectures as a skeptic spokesman at universities across North America and at skeptic conventions, including CSI's CSICon in New Orleans

Question: is there a committee dedicated to this cause?

Answer: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Explanation: While on "The X-Files", Davis was constantly challenged by fans of the show about his non-belief in the paranormal and aliens. Davis credits Barry Beyerstein and the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) for introducing him to the skeptic community.

William B. Davis [SEP] Skepticism


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: is there a committee dedicated to this cause?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Question: how was it named?

Answer: Paul Kurtz was inspired by the 1949 Belgian organization Comité Para, whose full name was "Comité Belge pour l'Investigation Scientifique des Phénomènes Réputés Paranormaux" , the proposed name was "Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal and Other Phenomena", which in November 2006, CSICOP further shortened its name to "Committee for Skeptical Inquiry" (CSI)

Explanation:
Paul Kurtz was inspired by the 1949 Belgian organization Comité Para, whose full name was "Comité Belge pour l'Investigation Scientifique des Phénomènes Réputés Paranormaux" ("Belgian Committee for Scientific Investigation of Purported Paranormal Phenomena"). In 1976, the proposed name was "Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal and Other Phenomena" which was shortened to "Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal." The initial acronym, "CSICP" was difficult to pronounce and so was changed to "CSICOP." According to James Alcock, it was never intended to be "Psi Cop", a nickname that some of the group's detractors adopted.

In November 2006, CSICOP further shortened its name to "Committee for Skeptical Inquiry" (CSI), pronounced C-S-I.

Committee for Skeptical Inquiry [SEP] Name


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: Paul Kurtz was inspired by the 1949 Belgian organization Comité Para, whose full name was "Comité Belge pour l'Investigation Scientifique des Phénomènes Réputés Paranormaux" , the proposed name was "Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal and Other Phenomena", which in November 2006, CSICOP further shortened its name to "Committee for Skeptical Inquiry" (CSI)

Question: what is the purpose of this organization?

Answer: The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry promotes science and scientific inquiry, critical thinking, science education, and the use of reason in examining important issues

Committee for Skeptical Inquiry [SEP] Mission statement

The formal mission statement, approved in 2006 and still current, states:The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry promotes science and scientific inquiry, critical thinking, science education, and the use of reason in examining important issues. It encourages the critical investigation of controversial or extraordinary claims from a responsible, scientific point of view and disseminates factual information about the results of such inquiries to the scientific community, the media, and the public.A shorter version of the mission statement appears in every issue: "... promotes scientific inquiry, critical investigation, and the use of reason in examining controversial and extraordinary claims." A previous mission statement referred to "investigation of paranormal and fringe-science claims", but the 2006 change recognized and ratified a wider purview for CSI and its magazine, "Skeptical Inquirer", that includes "new science related issues at the intersection of science and public concerns, while not ignoring [their] core topics".


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: what is the purpose of this organization?

Context: The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry promotes science and scientific inquiry, critical thinking, science education, and the use of reason in examining important issues

Question: do they publish anything?

Answer: Yes, they published the magazine "Skeptical Inquirer"

Committee for Skeptical Inquiry [SEP] Publications

CSI publishes the magazine "Skeptical Inquirer", which was founded by Truzzi, under the name "The Zetetic" and retitled after a few months under the editorship of Kendrick Frazier, former editor of "Science News". Cecil Adams of The Straight Dope calls "Skeptical Inquirer" "one of the nation's leading antifruitcake journals". In addition, it publishes "Skeptical Briefs", a quarterly newsletter published for associate members. CSI conducts and publishes investigations into Bigfoot and UFO sightings, psychics, astrologers, alternative medicine, religious cults, and paranormal or pseudoscientific claims.


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: do they publish anything?

Context: Yes, they published the magazine "Skeptical Inquirer"

Question: what is this magazine?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: do they publish anything?

Context: what is this magazine?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: does the committee confer any accolades?

Answer: Yes, In Praise of Reason Award is one of them

Committee for Skeptical Inquiry [SEP] In Praise of Reason Award

"The In Praise of Reason Award is given in recognition of distinguished contributions in the use of critical inquiry, scientific evidence, and reason in evaluating claims to knowledge." This is the highest award presented by CSI and is often presented at the CSIcon conferences.


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: do they publish anything?

Context: what is this magazine?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does the committee confer any accolades?

Context: Yes, In Praise of Reason Award is one of them

Question: why is it given?

Answer: It  is given in recognition of distinguished contributions in the use of critical inquiry, scientific evidence, and reason in evaluating claims to knowledge.

Explanation: "The In Praise of Reason Award is given in recognition of distinguished contributions in the use of critical inquiry, scientific evidence, and reason in evaluating claims to knowledge." This is the highest award presented by CSI and is often presented at the CSIcon conferences.


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: do they publish anything?

Context: what is this magazine?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: why is it given?

Context: It  is given in recognition of distinguished contributions in the use of critical inquiry, scientific evidence, and reason in evaluating claims to knowledge.

Question: who are the critics of this organization?

Answer: Uri Geller

Committee for Skeptical Inquiry [SEP] Controversy and criticism

CSI's activities have garnered criticism from individuals or groups which have been the focus of the organization's attention. Television celebrity and claimed psychic Uri Geller, for example, was until recently in open dispute with the organization, filing a number of unsuccessful lawsuits against them. Some criticism has also come from within the scientific community and at times from within CSI itself. Marcello Truzzi, one of CSICOP's co-founders, left the organization after only a short time, arguing that many of those involved "tend to block honest inquiry, in my opinion. Most of them are not agnostic toward claims of the paranormal; they are out to knock them.


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: do they publish anything?

Context: what is this magazine?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: why is it given?

Context: who are the critics of this organization?

Context: Uri Geller

Question: who is he?

Answer: He is an Israeli-British illusionist, magician, television personality, and self-proclaimed psychic

Uri Geller [SEP] Introduction

Uri Geller (; ; born 20 December 1946) is an Israeli-British illusionist, magician, television personality, and self-proclaimed psychic. He is known for his trademark television performances of spoon bending and other illusions. Geller uses conjuring tricks to simulate the effects of psychokinesis and telepathy. Geller's career as an entertainer has spanned more than four decades, with television shows and appearances in many countries. In 2015, FISM (the International Federation of Magical Societies) invited Uri Geller to deliver an inspirational, motivational lecture to over 1500 Magicians at FISM Italy. Geller admitted that he is a magician and can perform seven tricks.


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: do they publish anything?

Context: what is this magazine?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: why is it given?

Context: Uri Geller

Context: who is he?

Context: He is an Israeli-British illusionist, magician, television personality, and self-proclaimed psychic

Question: was he ever a part of any documentary?

Answer: Yes,  a BBC documentary, "The Secret Life of Uri Geller – Psychic Spy?"

Uri Geller [SEP] 2013 BBC documentary

In 2013, a BBC documentary, "The Secret Life of Uri Geller – Psychic Spy?" featured Uri Geller, Benjamin Netanyahu, Christopher 'Kit' Green, Paul H. Smith, Harold Puthoff and Russell Targ. The documentary claimed Geller became a "psychic spy" for the CIA, was recruited by Mossad, and worked as an "official secret agent" in Mexico, being a frequent guest of President José López Portillo. In the film, Geller claims to have erased floppy discs carried by KGB agents by repeatedly chanting the word "erase".


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: do they publish anything?

Context: what is this magazine?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: why is it given?

Context: Uri Geller

Context: who is he?

Context: was he ever a part of any documentary?

Context: Yes,  a BBC documentary, "The Secret Life of Uri Geller – Psychic Spy?"

Question: did he appear in any tv show?

Answer: Yes, on   "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson"

Uri Geller [SEP] "The Tonight Show"

In 1973, Geller appeared on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson", and this appearance is recounted in the "NOVA" documentary, "James Randi – Secrets of the Psychics." In the documentary, James Randi says that "Johnny had been a magician himself and was skeptical" of Geller's claimed paranormal powers, so prior to the date of taping, Randi was asked "to help prevent any trickery." Per Randi's advice, the show prepared their own props without informing Geller, and did not let Geller or his staff "anywhere near them." When Geller joined Carson on stage, he appeared surprised that he was not going to be interviewed, but instead was expected to display his abilities using the provided articles.


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: do they publish anything?

Context: what is this magazine?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: why is it given?

Context: Uri Geller

Context: who is he?

Context: was he ever a part of any documentary?

Context: did he appear in any tv show?

Context: Yes, on   "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson"

Question: is this a talk show?

Answer: Yes, it is an American late-night talk show

The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson [SEP] Introduction

The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson is an American late-night talk show hosted by Johnny Carson under the "Tonight Show" franchise that aired on NBC from October 1, 1962, to May 22, 1992. It originally aired during late-night. For its first decade, Johnny Carson's "The Tonight Show" was based at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City, with some episodes recorded at NBC's West Coast studios in Burbank, California; on May 1, 1972, the show moved to Burbank as its main venue and remained there exclusively after May 1973 until Carson's retirement. In 2002, "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" was ranked No.


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: do they publish anything?

Context: what is this magazine?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: why is it given?

Context: Uri Geller

Context: who is he?

Context: was he ever a part of any documentary?

Context: did he appear in any tv show?

Context: is this a talk show?

Context: Yes, it is an American late-night talk show

Question: when was it first aired?

Answer: From October 1, 1962, to May 22, 1992

Explanation: franchise that aired on NBC from October 1, 1962, to May 22, 1992.


Context: who plays the smoking man in x files

Context: William Bruce Davis

Context: where is he from?

Context: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, he is married to Emmanuelle Herpin

Context: is he a skeptic?

Context: Yes, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Context: how was it named?

Context: do they publish anything?

Context: what is this magazine?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: why is it given?

Context: Uri Geller

Context: who is he?

Context: was he ever a part of any documentary?

Context: did he appear in any tv show?

Context: is this a talk show?

Context: when was it first aired?

Context: From October 1, 1962, to May 22, 1992

Question: in which channel is it aired?

Answer: NBC


Question: where does the sun's luminosity come from

Answer: When the helium is exhausted, the Sun will repeat the expansion it followed when the hydrogen in the core was exhausted, except that this time it all happens faster, and the Sun becomes larger and more luminous.

Sun [SEP] After core hydrogen exhaustion

The Sun then shrinks to around 10 times its current size and 50 times the luminosity, with a temperature a little lower than today. It will then have reached the red clump or horizontal branch, but a star of the Sun's mass does not evolve blueward along the horizontal branch. Instead, it just becomes moderately larger and more luminous over about 100 million years as it continues to react helium in the core. When the helium is exhausted, the Sun will repeat the expansion it followed when the hydrogen in the core was exhausted, except that this time it all happens faster, and the Sun becomes larger and more luminous.


Context: where does the sun's luminosity come from

Context: When the helium is exhausted, the Sun will repeat the expansion it followed when the hydrogen in the core was exhausted, except that this time it all happens faster, and the Sun becomes larger and more luminous.

Question: what is the sun?

Answer: A star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy mainly as light and infrared radiation.

Sun [SEP] Introduction

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy mainly as light and infrared radiation. It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about , or 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth. It accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. Roughly three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is mostly helium (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron.


Context: what is the sun?

Context: A star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy mainly as light and infrared radiation.

Question: what is the definition of this aforesaid radiation?

Answer: An electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is invisible  to the human eye.

Explanation: Infrared (IR), sometimes called infrared light, is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is therefore generally invisible to the human eye, although IR at wavelengths up to 1050 nanometers (nm)s from specially pulsed lasers can be seen by humans under certain conditions. IR wavelengths extend from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers (frequency 430 THz), to 1 millimeter (300 GHz). Most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared. As with all EMR, IR carries radiant energy and behaves both like a wave and like its quantum particle, the photon.

Infrared [SEP] Introduction

Infrared radiation was discovered in 1800 by astronomer Sir William Herschel, who discovered a type of invisible radiation in the spectrum lower in energy than red light, by means of its effect on a thermometer. Slightly more than half of the total energy from the Sun was eventually found to arrive on Earth in the form of infrared. The balance between absorbed and emitted infrared radiation has a critical effect on Earth's climate. Infrared radiation is emitted or absorbed by molecules when they change their rotational-vibrational movements. It excites vibrational modes in a molecule through a change in the dipole moment, making it a useful frequency range for study of these energy states for molecules of the proper symmetry.


Context: what is the sun?

Context: what is the definition of this aforesaid radiation?

Context: An electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is invisible  to the human eye.

Question: what are the regions fall within it?

Answer: It is a region between the wavelengths 700 nanometers to 1 millimeter which consists of Near-infrared, mid- and far-infrared regions

Explanation: Near-infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye. mid- and far-infrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms (emission peaks, vs. bands, water absorption) and the newest follow technical reasons (the common silicon detectors are sensitive to about 1,050 nm, while InGaAs's sensitivity starts around 950 nm and ends between 1,700 and 2,600 nm, depending on the specific configuration). No international standards for these specifications are currently available.

Infrared [SEP] Sensor response division scheme

The human eye is markedly less sensitive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer wavelengths make insignificant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. However, particularly intense near-IR light (e.g., from IR lasers, IR LED sources, or from bright daylight with the visible light removed by colored gels) can be detected up to approximately 780 nm, and will be perceived as red light. Intense light sources providing wavelengths as long as 1050 nm can be seen as a dull red glow, causing some difficulty in near-IR illumination of scenes in the dark (usually this practical problem is solved by indirect illumination).


Context: what is the sun?

Context: what are the regions fall within it?

Context: It is a region between the wavelengths 700 nanometers to 1 millimeter which consists of Near-infrared, mid- and far-infrared regions

Question: what is its astronomical division?

Answer: The most common photometric system used in astronomy allocates capital letters to different spectral regions according to filters used; I, J, H, and K cover the near-infrared wavelengths; L, M, N, and Q refer to the mid-infrared region.

Explanation:
Astronomers typically divide the infrared spectrum as follows:

These divisions are not precise and can vary depending on the publication. The three regions are used for observation of different temperature ranges, and hence different environments in space.

The most common photometric system used in astronomy allocates capital letters to different spectral regions according to filters used; I, J, H, and K cover the near-infrared wavelengths; L, M, N, and Q refer to the mid-infrared region. These letters are commonly understood in reference to atmospheric windows and appear, for instance, in the titles of many papers.

Infrared [SEP] Astronomy division scheme


Context: what is the sun?

Context: what are the regions fall within it?

Context: what is its astronomical division?

Context: The most common photometric system used in astronomy allocates capital letters to different spectral regions according to filters used; I, J, H, and K cover the near-infrared wavelengths; L, M, N, and Q refer to the mid-infrared region.

Question: how is the vision during night time related to it?

Answer: Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see.

Explanation:
Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared light sources can be used to augment the available ambient light for conversion by night vision devices, increasing in-the-dark visibility without actually using a visible light source.

The use of infrared light and night vision devices should not be confused with thermal imaging, which creates images based on differences in surface temperature by detecting infrared radiation (heat) that emanates from objects and their surrounding environment.

Infrared [SEP] Night vision


Context: what is the sun?

Context: what are the regions fall within it?

Context: what is its astronomical division?

Context: how is the vision during night time related to it?

Context: Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see.

Question: what are its hazards in terms of health?

Answer: Strong infrared radiation in certain industry high-heat settings may be hazardous to the eyes, resulting in damage or blindness to the user. Since the radiation is invisible, special IR-proof goggles must be worn in such places.

Explanation: Strong infrared radiation in certain industry high-heat settings may be hazardous to the eyes, resulting in damage or blindness to the user. Since the radiation is invisible, special IR-proof goggles must be worn in such places.

Infrared [SEP] Health hazards


Context: what is the sun?

Context: what are the regions fall within it?

Context: what is its astronomical division?

Context: what are its hazards in terms of health?

Context: Strong infrared radiation in certain industry high-heat settings may be hazardous to the eyes, resulting in damage or blindness to the user. Since the radiation is invisible, special IR-proof goggles must be worn in such places.

Question: how is it related to meteorology?

Answer: Weather satellites equipped with scanning radiometers produce thermal or infrared images, which can then enable a trained analyst to determine cloud heights and types, to calculate land and surface water temperatures, and to locate ocean surface features

Explanation:
Weather satellites equipped with scanning radiometers produce thermal or infrared images, which can then enable a trained analyst to determine cloud heights and types, to calculate land and surface water temperatures, and to locate ocean surface features. The scanning is typically in the range 10.3–12.5 μm (IR4 and IR5 channels).

Clouds with high and cold tops, such as cyclones or cumulonimbus clouds, appear red or black, lower warmer clouds such as stratus or stratocumulus show up as blue or grey, with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can have a temperature similar to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 μm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 μm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a "fog" satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is

Infrared [SEP] Meteorology


Context: what is the sun?

Context: what are the regions fall within it?

Context: what is its astronomical division?

Context: how is it related to meteorology?

Context: Weather satellites equipped with scanning radiometers produce thermal or infrared images, which can then enable a trained analyst to determine cloud heights and types, to calculate land and surface water temperatures, and to locate ocean surface features

Question: what is the first mentioned satellite?

Answer: A type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. Satellites can be polar orbiting, covering the entire Earth asynchronously, or geostationary, hovering over the same spot on the equator.

Weather satellite [SEP] Introduction

The weather satellite is a type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. Satellites can be polar orbiting, covering the entire Earth asynchronously, or geostationary, hovering over the same spot on the equator. Meteorological satellites see more than clouds: city lights, fires, effects of pollution, auroras, sand and dust storms, snow cover, ice mapping, boundaries of ocean currents, energy flows, etc. Other types of environmental information are collected using weather satellites. Weather satellite images helped in monitoring the volcanic ash cloud from Mount St. Helens and activity from other volcanoes such as Mount Etna.


Context: what is the sun?

Context: what are the regions fall within it?

Context: what is its astronomical division?

Context: how is it related to meteorology?

Context: what is the first mentioned satellite?

Context: A type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. Satellites can be polar orbiting, covering the entire Earth asynchronously, or geostationary, hovering over the same spot on the equator.

Question: what is its visibility spectrum?

Answer: Visible-light images from weather satellites during local daylight hours are easy to interpret even by the average person; clouds, cloud systems such as fronts and tropical storms, lakes, forests, mountains, snow ice, fires, and pollution

Explanation: Visible-light images from weather satellites during local daylight hours are easy to interpret even by the average person; clouds, cloud systems such as fronts and tropical storms, lakes, forests, mountains, snow ice, fires, and pollution such as smoke, smog, dust and haze are readily apparent. Even wind can be determined by cloud patterns, alignments and movement from successive photos.

Weather satellite [SEP] Visible spectrum


Context: what is the sun?

Context: what are the regions fall within it?

Context: what is its astronomical division?

Context: how is it related to meteorology?

Context: what is the first mentioned satellite?

Context: what is its visibility spectrum?

Context: Visible-light images from weather satellites during local daylight hours are easy to interpret even by the average person; clouds, cloud systems such as fronts and tropical storms, lakes, forests, mountains, snow ice, fires, and pollution

Question: what are its different categories?

Answer: Geostationary and polar orbiting.

Explanation: Each meteorological satellite is designed to use one of two different classes of orbit: geostationary and polar orbiting.

Weather satellite [SEP] Types


Context: what is the sun?

Context: what are the regions fall within it?

Context: what is its astronomical division?

Context: how is it related to meteorology?

Context: what is the first mentioned satellite?

Context: what is its visibility spectrum?

Context: what are its different categories?

Context: Geostationary and polar orbiting.

Question: what is the latter mentioned type?

Answer: A polar orbit is one in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the body being orbited on each revolution

Explanation: A polar orbit is one in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the body being orbited (usually a planet such as the Earth, but possibly another body such as the Moon or Sun) on each revolution. It therefore has an inclination of (or very close to) 90 degrees to the body's equator. A satellite in a polar orbit will pass over the equator at a different longitude on each of its orbits.

Polar orbit [SEP] Introduction


Question: what military hero from the mexican war became potus

Answer: Zachary Taylor.

Explanation: Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was the 12th president of the United States, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850. Taylor previously was a career officer in the United States Army, rose to the rank of major general and became a national hero as a result of his victories in the Mexican–American War. As a result, he won election to the White House despite his vague political beliefs. His top priority as president was preserving the Union. He died sixteen months into his term. He made no progress on the most divisive issue in Congress, slavery.

Zachary Taylor [SEP] Introduction


Context: what military hero from the mexican war became potus

Context: Zachary Taylor.

Question: who is this person?

Answer: He was the 12th president of the United States.

Explanation: Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was the 12th president of the United States, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850.

Zachary Taylor [SEP] Introduction


Context: Zachary Taylor.

Context: who is this person?

Context: He was the 12th president of the United States.

Question: did he serve in the military?

Answer: Yes, he was a career officer in the United States Army, rose to the rank of major general.

Explanation: Taylor previously was a career officer in the United States Army, rose to the rank of major general and became a national hero as a result of his victories in the Mexican–American War.

Zachary Taylor [SEP] Introduction


Context: Zachary Taylor.

Context: who is this person?

Context: did he serve in the military?

Context: Yes, he was a career officer in the United States Army, rose to the rank of major general.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Orange County, Virginia.

Zachary Taylor [SEP] Early life

Zachary Taylor was born on November 24, 1784, on a plantation in Orange County, Virginia, to a prominent family of planters of English ancestry. His birthplace may have been Hare Forest Farm, the home of his maternal grandfather William Strother, though this has not been determined with certainty. He was the third of five surviving sons in his family (a sixth died in infancy) and had three younger sisters. His mother was Sarah Dabney (Strother) Taylor. His father, Richard Taylor, had served as a lieutenant colonel in the American Revolution. Taylor was a descendant of Elder William Brewster, a Pilgrim leader of the Plymouth Colony, a "Mayflower" immigrant, and a signer of the Mayflower Compact; and Isaac Allerton Jr., a colonial merchant, colonel, and son of "Mayflower" Pilgrim Isaac Allerton and Fear Brewster.


Context: Zachary Taylor.

Context: who is this person?

Context: did he serve in the military?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Orange County, Virginia.

Question: where is this country located?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Zachary Taylor [SEP] Early life


Context: Zachary Taylor.

Context: who is this person?

Context: did he serve in the military?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Orange County, Virginia.

Context: where is this country located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the geography of this country?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Zachary Taylor [SEP] Early life


Context: Zachary Taylor.

Context: who is this person?

Context: did he serve in the military?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Orange County, Virginia.

Context: where is this country located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the geography of this country?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where is the aforementioned county located?

Answer: In the Central Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Orange County, Virginia [SEP] Introduction

Orange County is a county located in the Central Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2010 census, the population was 33,481. Its county seat is Orange. Orange County includes Montpelier, the estate of James Madison, the 4th President of the United States and often known as the "Father of the Constitution". The county celebrated its 275th anniversary in 2009.


Context: Zachary Taylor.

Context: who is this person?

Context: did he serve in the military?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Orange County, Virginia.

Context: where is this country located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the geography of this country?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the aforementioned county located?

Context: In the Central Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Question: what was the role of the person (mentioned in the beginning) during the war of 1812?

Answer: He successfully defended Fort Harrison in Indiana Territory from an Indian attack commanded by Tecumseh.

Zachary Taylor [SEP] War of 1812

During the War of 1812, in which U.S. forces battled the British Empire and its Indian allies, Taylor successfully defended Fort Harrison in Indiana Territory from an Indian attack commanded by Tecumseh. The September 1812 battle represented the first land victory of the war for the American forces, for which Taylor received wide praise, as well as a brevet (temporary) promotion to the rank of major. According to Eisenhower, this represented the first brevet ever awarded in United States history. Later that year, Taylor joined General Samuel Hopkins as an aide on two expeditions—the first into the Illinois Territory and the second to the Tippecanoe battle site, where they were forced to retreat in the Battle of Wild Cat Creek.


Context: Zachary Taylor.

Context: who is this person?

Context: did he serve in the military?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Orange County, Virginia.

Context: where is this country located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the geography of this country?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the role of the person (mentioned in the beginning) during the war of 1812?

Context: He successfully defended Fort Harrison in Indiana Territory from an Indian attack commanded by Tecumseh.

Question: was he promoted for this success in 1812 war?

Answer: Yes, he received a brevet (temporary) promotion to the rank of major.

Explanation: The September 1812 battle represented the first land victory of the war for the American forces, for which Taylor received wide praise, as well as a brevet (temporary) promotion to the rank of major.

Zachary Taylor [SEP] War of 1812


Context: Zachary Taylor.

Context: who is this person?

Context: did he serve in the military?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Orange County, Virginia.

Context: where is this country located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the geography of this country?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was he promoted for this success in 1812 war?

Context: Yes, he received a brevet (temporary) promotion to the rank of major.

Question: who was the president during his period as a commander of fort howard?

Answer: James Monroe.

Zachary Taylor [SEP] Command of Fort Howard

For two years, Taylor commanded Fort Howard at the Green Bay, Michigan Territory settlement, then he returned to Louisville and his family. In April 1819 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and dined with President James Monroe and General Andrew Jackson. In late 1821, Taylor took the 7th Infantry to Natchitoches, Louisiana, on the Red River. On the orders of General Edmund P. Gaines, they set out to locate a new post more convenient to the Sabine River frontier. By the following March, Taylor had established Fort Jesup, at the Shield's Spring site southwest of Natchitoches. That November (1822) he was transferred to Baton Rouge on the Mississippi River in Louisiana, where he remained until February 1824.


Context: Zachary Taylor.

Context: who is this person?

Context: did he serve in the military?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Orange County, Virginia.

Context: where is this country located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the geography of this country?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who was the president during his period as a commander of fort howard?

Context: James Monroe.

Question: how long did he serve as a president ?

Answer: From 1817 to 1825.

James Monroe [SEP] Introduction

James Monroe (; April 28, 1758July 4, 1831) was an American statesman, lawyer, diplomat and Founding Father who served as the fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825. A member of the Democratic-Republican Party, Monroe was the last president of the Virginia dynasty; his presidency coincided with the Era of Good Feelings. He is perhaps best known for issuing the Monroe Doctrine, a policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas. He also served as the governor of Virginia, a member of the United States Senate, the U.S. ambassador to France and Britain, the seventh Secretary of State, and the eighth Secretary of War.


Context: Zachary Taylor.

Context: who is this person?

Context: did he serve in the military?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Orange County, Virginia.

Context: where is this country located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the geography of this country?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: James Monroe.

Context: how long did he serve as a president ?

Context: From 1817 to 1825.

Question: what were some of the major achievements during his presidency?

Answer: He is perhaps best known for issuing the Monroe Doctrine.

Explanation: He is perhaps best known for issuing the Monroe Doctrine, a policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas.

James Monroe [SEP] Introduction


Context: Zachary Taylor.

Context: who is this person?

Context: did he serve in the military?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Orange County, Virginia.

Context: where is this country located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the geography of this country?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: James Monroe.

Context: how long did he serve as a president ?

Context: From 1817 to 1825.

Context: what were some of the major achievements during his presidency?

Context: He is perhaps best known for issuing the Monroe Doctrine.

Question: what is this doctrine ?

Answer: It was a United States policy that opposed European colonialism in the Americas.

Monroe Doctrine [SEP] Introduction

The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy that opposed European colonialism in the Americas. It began in 1823; however, the term "Monroe Doctrine" itself was not coined until 1850. The Doctrine was issued on December 2, at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires. It stated that further efforts by various European states to take control of any independent state in the Americas would be viewed as "the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." At the same time, the doctrine noted that the U.S.