Context: Spinal cord

Context: how is this injury classified as?

Context: what are the causes for this injury?

Context: Physical trauma

Context: where does that spinal column connect between?

Context: From the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column.

Question: from where does it get its blood supply?

Answer: It is supplied with blood by three arteries.

Spinal cord [SEP] Blood supply

The spinal cord is supplied with blood by three arteries that run along its length starting in the brain, and many arteries that approach it through the sides of the spinal column. The three longitudinal arteries are the anterior spinal artery, and the right and left posterior spinal arteries. These travel in the subarachnoid space and send branches into the spinal cord. They form anastamoses (connections) via the anterior and posterior segmental medullary arteries, which enter the spinal cord at various points along its length. The actual blood flow caudally through these arteries, derived from the posterior cerebral circulation, is inadequate to maintain the spinal cord beyond the cervical segments.


Context: where does loss of function occur in a spinal cord injury

Context: Spinal cord

Context: how is this injury classified as?

Context: Classified into three types based on cause: mechanical forces, toxic, and ischemic (from lack of blood flow).

Context: what are the causes for this injury?

Context: Physical trauma

Context: what are the symptoms a person experiences with this injury?

Context: Pain, numbness, or a loss of sensation in the related areas.

Context: what are the complications associated with it?

Context: Pulmonary edema, respiratory failure, neurogenic shock, and paralysis below the injury site.

Context: mention some treatments provided for the betterment of the injured patients.

Context: Prehospital treatment and Early hospital treatment

Context: from where does it get its blood supply?

Context: It is supplied with blood by three arteries.

Question: you had mentioned the two places in which the spinal column connects, can you tell me the function of that first structure which is located in the brain?

Answer: It is responsible for several functions of the autonomous nervous system.

Explanation: The medulla oblongata connects the higher levels of the brain to the spinal cord, and is responsible for several functions of the autonomous nervous system which include:

Medulla oblongata [SEP] Function


Context: Spinal cord

Context: how is this injury classified as?

Context: what are the causes for this injury?

Context: Physical trauma

Context: you had mentioned the two places in which the spinal column connects, can you tell me the function of that first structure which is located in the brain?

Context: It is responsible for several functions of the autonomous nervous system.

Question: which other animals possess this structure?

Answer: Crocodile, alligator, and monitor lizard.

Medulla oblongata [SEP] Other animals

Both lampreys and hagfish possess a fully developed medulla oblongata. Since these are both very similar to early agnathans, it has been suggested that the medulla evolved in these early fish, approximately 505 million years ago. The status of the medulla as part of the primordial reptilian brain is confirmed by its disproportionate size in modern reptiles such as the crocodile, alligator, and monitor lizard.


Question: who released the ricardo arjona song 'te quiero'?

Answer: Guatemalan recording artist Ricardo Arjona

Te Quiero (Ricardo Arjona song) [SEP] Introduction

"Te Quiero" is a latin pop song by Guatemalan recording artist Ricardo Arjona, released on 5 July 2012 as the third single from his thirteenth studio album, "Independiente" (2011). The song was written by Arjona, who produced it with longtime collaborators Dan Warner and Lee Levin under their stage name Los Gringos. Additional recording work was handled by Peter Wallace, Matt Rollings, Carlos "Cabral" Junior and Isaías García. The song became Arjona's fifth single to reach number one on the US "Billboard" Top Latin Songs, his ninth to do so on the Latin Pop Songs chart and third on Latin Tropical Airplay.


Context: who released the ricardo arjona song 'te quiero'?

Context: Guatemalan recording artist Ricardo Arjona

Question: what was the style of his music?

Answer: Latin pop

Explanation: latin pop


Context: what was the style of his music?

Context: Latin pop

Question: did he received any awards?

Answer: Yes, Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2017 "Billboard" Latin Music Awards.

Ricardo Arjona [SEP] Awards and nominations

In 1993, he received the Rafael Álvarez Ovalle Order from the then President of Guatemala, Ramiro de León Carpio, for his international accomplishments. At USAC a library hall bears his name. His birthplace, Jocotenango, named a street after him. In 2017, Arjona received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2017 "Billboard" Latin Music Awards.


Context: what was the style of his music?

Context: Latin pop

Context: did he received any awards?

Context: Yes, Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2017 "Billboard" Latin Music Awards.

Question: did he have any other career apart from music?

Answer: Yes, sports career.

Explanation: basketball player

Ricardo Arjona [SEP] Sports career

Arjona was a talented basketball player who played for "Leones de Marte" and "TRIAS". He toured Central America as a member of the Guatemala national basketball team. Until recently, he held the record for the most points scored (78) in a single game by a Guatemalan. He also taught at a primary school (called "Santa Elena III"), where he claimed to have spent six hours giving lessons and the rest of the day playing football. This earned him a visit from a Ministry of Education representative, who was sent to evaluate his pupils. The representative found that the students' education was actually above average.


Context: what was the style of his music?

Context: Latin pop

Context: did he received any awards?

Context: did he have any other career apart from music?

Context: Yes, sports career.

Question: which sport did he play?

Answer: Basketball

Explanation: basketball

Ricardo Arjona [SEP] Sports career


Context: what was the style of his music?

Context: Latin pop

Context: did he received any awards?

Context: Yes, sports career.

Context: which sport did he play?

Context: Basketball

Question: which team did he play for?

Answer: Guatemala national basketball team

Explanation: Guatemala national basketball team.

Ricardo Arjona [SEP] Sports career


Context: what was the style of his music?

Context: Latin pop

Context: did he received any awards?

Context: Yes, sports career.

Context: which sport did he play?

Context: Basketball

Context: which team did he play for?

Context: Guatemala national basketball team

Question: what equipment is required for that sport?

Answer: Ball, court, clocks, score sheets etc

Explanation: ball and the court

Basketball [SEP] Equipment

The only essential equipment in a basketball game is the ball and the court: a flat, rectangular surface with baskets at opposite ends. Competitive levels require the use of more equipment such as clocks, score sheets, scoreboard(s), alternating possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems. A regulation basketball court in international games is long and 49.2 feet (15 meters) wide. In the NBA and NCAA the court is . Most courts have wood flooring, usually constructed from maple planks running in the same direction as the longer court dimension. The name and logo of the home team is usually painted on or around the center circle.


Context: what was the style of his music?

Context: Latin pop

Context: did he received any awards?

Context: Yes, sports career.

Context: which sport did he play?

Context: Basketball

Context: which team did he play for?

Context: Guatemala national basketball team

Context: what equipment is required for that sport?

Context: Ball, court, clocks, score sheets etc

Question: is there a different version for disabled people?

Answer: Yes, disabled basketball

Explanation: Disabled basketball

Basketball [SEP] Disabled basketball

Disabled basketball is played by various disabled groups, such as the deaf and physically crippled people.


Context: what was the style of his music?

Context: Latin pop

Context: did he received any awards?

Context: Yes, sports career.

Context: which sport did he play?

Context: Basketball

Context: which team did he play for?

Context: Guatemala national basketball team

Context: Ball, court, clocks, score sheets etc

Context: is there a different version for disabled people?

Context: Yes, disabled basketball

Question: are there any other variations?

Answer: Wheelchair basketball, Water basketball, Beach basketball, Slamball etc

Basketball [SEP] Variations and similar games

Variations of basketball are activities based on the game of basketball, using common basketball skills and equipment (primarily the ball and basket). Some variations are only superficial rules changes, while others are distinct games with varying degrees of basketball influences. Other variations include children's games, contests or activities meant to help players reinforce skills. There are principal basketball sports with variations on basketball including Wheelchair basketball, Water basketball, Beach basketball, Slamball, Streetball and Unicycle basketball. An earlier version of basketball, played primarily by women and girls, was Six-on-six basketball. Horseball is a game played on horseback where a ball is handled and points are scored by shooting it through a high net (approximately 1.5m×1.5m).


Context: what was the style of his music?

Context: Latin pop

Context: did he received any awards?

Context: Yes, sports career.

Context: which sport did he play?

Context: Basketball

Context: which team did he play for?

Context: Guatemala national basketball team

Context: Ball, court, clocks, score sheets etc

Context: Yes, disabled basketball

Context: are there any other variations?

Context: Wheelchair basketball, Water basketball, Beach basketball, Slamball etc

Question: what is the last one?

Answer: It is a form of basketball played with four trampolines in front of each net and boards around the court edge.

Slamball [SEP] Introduction

Slamball is a form of basketball played with four trampolines in front of each net and boards around the court edge. The name SlamBall is the trademark of SlamBall, LLC. While SlamBall is based on basketball, it is a contact sport, with blocks, collisions and rough physical play a part of the game, similar to elements of American football and ice hockey. Professional SlamBall games aired on television with Spike TV for two seasons in 2002–2003, and the POWERade SlamBall Challenge was aired on CSTV, now CBS Sports Network, in 2007. SlamBall returned in August 2008, airing on Versus, now NBC Sports Network, and CBS.


Question: when is the next season of the resident coming out

Answer: The fourth season is supposed to have premiered in January 2021.

The Resident (TV series) [SEP] Introduction

The first season officially concluded on May 14, 2018. During the 2017–2018 United States television season, the series ranked #41 and averaged 7.02million viewers. The second season premiered on September 24, 2018. In March 2019, Fox renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on September 24, 2019. In May 2020, the series was renewed for a fourth season which is set to premiere in January 2021.


Context: when is the next season of the resident coming out

Context: The fourth season is supposed to have premiered in January 2021.

Question: on which channel did it first air?

Answer: Fox Broadcasting Company

The Resident is an American medical drama television series that premiered on January 21, 2018, on the Fox Broadcasting Company as a mid-season replacement in the 2017–18 television season. The premiere was a lead-out to the Vikings-Eagles NFC Championship Game. The series focuses on the lives and duties of staff members at Chastain Park Memorial Hospital, while delving into the bureaucratic practices of the hospital industry. The show was purchased by Fox from Showtime in 2017. It was created by Amy Holden Jones, Hayley Schore, and Roshan Sethi, and it is based on the book "Unaccountable" by Marty Makary. In May 2017, Fox ordered a full 14-episode season and renewed the series for a second season in May 2018.


Context: on which channel did it first air?

Context: Fox Broadcasting Company

Question: what is this series about?

Answer: It is a medical drama series focusing on the lives and duties of staff members at Chastain Park Memorial Hospital, while delving into the bureaucratic practices of the hospital industry.

Explanation: The Resident is an American medical drama television series that premiered on January 21, 2018, on the Fox Broadcasting Company as a mid-season replacement in the 2017–18 television season. The premiere was a lead-out to the Vikings-Eagles NFC Championship Game. The series focuses on the lives and duties of staff members at Chastain Park Memorial Hospital, while delving into the bureaucratic practices of the hospital industry.


Context: on which channel did it first air?

Context: Fox Broadcasting Company

Context: what is this series about?

Context: It is a medical drama series focusing on the lives and duties of staff members at Chastain Park Memorial Hospital, while delving into the bureaucratic practices of the hospital industry.

Question: who is the director?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: on which channel did it first air?

Context: Fox Broadcasting Company

Context: what is this series about?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who has founded the channel you mentioned?

Answer: Rupert Murdoch was one of the founders.

Explanation: Then, in December 1985, Rupert Murdoch agreed to pay $325 million to acquire the remaining equity in TCF Holdings from his original partner, Marvin Davis. The purchase of the Metromedia stations was approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in March 1986; the call letters of the New York City and Dallas outlets were subsequently changed respectively to WNYW and KDAF. These first six stations, then broadcasting to a combined reach of 22% of the nation's households, became known as the Fox Television Stations group.

Fox Broadcasting Company [SEP] Beginning of the network

On July 11, 1987, the network rolled out its Saturday night schedule with the premiere of the supernatural drama series "Werewolf", which began with a two-hour pilot movie event. Three other series were added to the Saturday lineup over the next three weeks: comedies "The New Adventures of Beans Baxter", "Karen's Song", and "Down and Out in Beverly Hills" (the latter being an adaptation of the film of the same name). Both "Karen's Song" and "Down and Out in Beverly Hills" were canceled by the start of the 1987–88 television season, the network's first fall launch, and were replaced by the sitcoms "Second Chance" and "Women in Prison".


Context: on which channel did it first air?

Context: Fox Broadcasting Company

Context: what is this series about?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who has founded the channel you mentioned?

Context: Rupert Murdoch was one of the founders.

Question: can you name some of the characters of this series?

Answer: Devon Pravesh, Randolph Bell, Claire Thorpe among others

Explanation: On February 21, 2017, Manish Dayal and Bruce Greenwood were the first to be cast in the series for the roles of Devon Pravesh and Soloman Bell, respectively. Greenwood's character name was later changed to Randolph Bell. Matt Czuchry, Emily VanCamp, and Melina Kanakaredes were later announced to be starring in the series as well. Moran Atias was also cast for the role of Renta Thorpe, CEO at Chastain Park, which was originally portrayed by Valerie Cruz in the pilot. However, when Merrin Dungey joined the cast, the producers saw Atias as a better fit for the role of the hospital's head of marketing. Dungey replaced her as the CEO and the character's name was changed to Claire Thorpe.

The Resident (TV series) [SEP] Casting


Context: on which channel did it first air?

Context: Fox Broadcasting Company

Context: what is this series about?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Rupert Murdoch was one of the founders.

Context: can you name some of the characters of this series?

Context: Devon Pravesh, Randolph Bell, Claire Thorpe among others

Question: who played the first character mentioned above?

Answer: Manish Dayal

Explanation: On February 21, 2017, Manish Dayal and Bruce Greenwood were the first to be cast in the series for the roles of Devon Pravesh and Soloman Bell, respectively.

The Resident (TV series) [SEP] Casting


Context: on which channel did it first air?

Context: Fox Broadcasting Company

Context: what is this series about?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Rupert Murdoch was one of the founders.

Context: who played the first character mentioned above?

Context: Manish Dayal

Question: where was this actor born?

Answer: Orangeburg, South Carolina.

Manish Dayal [SEP] Early life

Dayal was born Manish Patel to an Indian Gujarati family in Orangeburg, South Carolina. His parents Hema and Sudhir Patel are from Gujarat. He uses his grandfather's first name, Dayal, as his stage surname. He attended Marshall Elementary School and later went to Heathwood Hall in Columbia. He subsequently obtained a degree in International Business from George Washington University. After he graduated in 2005, he moved to New York to pursue his career in film/television, and five years later he moved to Los Angeles where he currently resides with his wife and two children.


Context: on which channel did it first air?

Context: Fox Broadcasting Company

Context: what is this series about?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Rupert Murdoch was one of the founders.

Context: Manish Dayal

Context: where was this actor born?

Context: Orangeburg, South Carolina.

Question: what did he do before becoming an actor?

Answer: He obtained a degree in International Business from George Washington University.

Explanation: He subsequently obtained a degree in International Business from George Washington University. After he graduated in 2005, he moved to New York to pursue his career in film/television, and five years later he moved to Los Angeles where he currently resides with his wife and two children.

Manish Dayal [SEP] Early life


Context: on which channel did it first air?

Context: Fox Broadcasting Company

Context: what is this series about?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Rupert Murdoch was one of the founders.

Context: Manish Dayal

Context: where was this actor born?

Context: Orangeburg, South Carolina.

Context: what did he do before becoming an actor?

Context: He obtained a degree in International Business from George Washington University.

Question: can you name some of his films?

Answer: "The Hundred Foot Journey" and "Viceroy's House" are two of them.

Manish Dayal [SEP] Introduction

Manish Patel (born June 17, 1983), better known as Manish Dayal, is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Raj Kher in The CW hit teen series "90210" in the films "The Hundred Foot Journey" (2014) and "Viceroy's House" (2017). Since 2018, he has featured as a main cast member of the Fox medical drama series "The Resident".


Context: on which channel did it first air?

Context: Fox Broadcasting Company

Context: what is this series about?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Rupert Murdoch was one of the founders.

Context: Manish Dayal

Context: where was this actor born?

Context: Orangeburg, South Carolina.

Context: can you name some of his films?

Context: "The Hundred Foot Journey" and "Viceroy's House" are two of them.

Question: what is the genre of the aforementioned series?

Answer: Medical drama


Context: on which channel did it first air?

Context: Fox Broadcasting Company

Context: what is this series about?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Rupert Murdoch was one of the founders.

Context: Manish Dayal

Context: where was this actor born?

Context: Orangeburg, South Carolina.

Context: can you name some of his films?

Context: what is the genre of the aforementioned series?

Context: Medical drama

Question: what does this term mean?

Answer: A medical drama is a television program or film in which events center upon a hospital, an ambulance staff, or any medical environment.

Medical drama [SEP] Introduction

A medical drama is a television program or film in which events center upon a hospital, an ambulance staff, or any medical environment. Most current medical dramatic programming go beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. A typical medical drama might have a storyline in which two doctors fall in love. Communications theorist Marshall McLuhan, in his on the nature of media, predicted success for this particular genre on TV because the medium "creates an obsession with bodily welfare". Currently, the longest running medical drama in the world is the British series "Casualty", airing since 1986, and the longest running medical soap opera is General Hospital running since 1963.


Question: what is ''the four stages of cruelty''?

Answer: is a series of four printed engravings that depicts a different stage in the life of the fictional Tom Nero.

The Four Stages of Cruelty [SEP] Introduction

The Four Stages of Cruelty is a series of four printed engravings published by English artist William Hogarth in 1751. Each print depicts a different stage in the life of the fictional Tom Nero. Beginning with the torture of a dog as a child in the "First stage of cruelty", Nero progresses to beating his horse as a man in the "Second stage of cruelty", and then to robbery, seduction, and murder in "Cruelty in perfection". Finally, in "The reward of cruelty", he receives what Hogarth warns is the inevitable fate of those who start down the path Nero has followed: his body is taken from the gallows after his execution as a murderer and is mutilated by surgeons in the anatomical theatre.


Context: what is ''the four stages of cruelty''?

Context: is a series of four printed engravings that depicts a different stage in the life of the fictional Tom Nero.

Question: whose work is it?

Answer: English artist William Hogarth

Explanation: English artist William Hogarth


Context: what is ''the four stages of cruelty''?

Context: whose work is it?

Context: English artist William Hogarth

Question: what is the first stage of cruelty?

Answer: He is shown being assisted by other boys to insert an arrow into a dog's rectum

The Four Stages of Cruelty [SEP] "First stage of cruelty"

In the first print Hogarth introduces Tom Nero, whose surname may have been inspired by the Roman Emperor of the same name or a contraction of "No hero". Conspicuous in the centre of the plate, he is shown being assisted by other boys to insert an arrow into a dog's rectum, a torture apparently inspired by a devil punishing a sinner in Jacques Callot's "Temptation of St. Anthony". An initialled badge on the shoulder of his light-hued and ragged coat shows him to be a pupil of the charity school of the parish of St Giles. Hogarth used this notorious slum area as the background for many of his works including "Gin Lane" and "Noon", part of the "Four Times of the Day" series.


Context: what is ''the four stages of cruelty''?

Context: whose work is it?

Context: English artist William Hogarth

Context: what is the first stage of cruelty?

Context: He is shown being assisted by other boys to insert an arrow into a dog's rectum

Question: what about the second?

Answer: Tom Nero  has turned into the professional cruelty of a man at work. Mistreatment of his horse and overloading, has collapsed, breaking its leg and upsetting the carriage.

The Four Stages of Cruelty [SEP] "Second stage of cruelty"

In the second plate, the scene is Thavies Inn Gate (sometimes ironically written as Thieves Inn Gate), one of the Inns of Chancery which housed associations of lawyers in London. Tom Nero has grown up and become a hackney coachman, and the recreational cruelty of the schoolboy has turned into the professional cruelty of a man at work. Tom's horse, worn out from years of mistreatment and overloading, has collapsed, breaking its leg and upsetting the carriage. Disregarding the animal's pain, Tom has beaten it so furiously that he has put its eye out. In a satirical aside, Hogarth shows four corpulent barristers struggling to climb out of the carriage in a ludicrous state.


Context: what is ''the four stages of cruelty''?

Context: whose work is it?

Context: English artist William Hogarth

Context: what is the first stage of cruelty?

Context: what about the second?

Context: Tom Nero  has turned into the professional cruelty of a man at work. Mistreatment of his horse and overloading, has collapsed, breaking its leg and upsetting the carriage.

Question: what was the critical reception it received?

Answer: Immanuel Kant refers to the engravings as an example of how cruelty towards animals leads indirectly to failing duties towards humans. Others found the series less to their liking.

Explanation:
In his "Lectures on Ethics" Immanuel Kant refers to the engravings as an example of how cruelty towards animals leads indirectly to failing duties towards humans as Hogarth "brings home to us the terrible rewards of cruelty, and this should be an impressive lesson to children."
Others found the series less to their liking. Charles Lamb dismissed the series as mere caricature, not worthy to be included alongside Hogarth's other work, but rather something produced as the result of a "wayward humour" outside of his normal habits. Art historian Allan Cunningham also had strong feelings about the series:

The Four Stages of Cruelty [SEP] Reception

Hogarth was pleased with the results. "European Magazine" reported that he commented to a bookseller from Cornhill (a Mr. Sewell): In his unfinished "Apology for Painters" he commented further: In his 1817 book "Shakespeare and His Times", Nathan Drake credits the representation of "throwing at cocks" in the first plate for changing public opinion about the practice, which was common at the time, and prompting magistrates to take a harder line on offenders. In his "Lectures on Ethics" Immanuel Kant refers to the engravings as an example of how cruelty towards animals leads indirectly to failing duties towards humans as Hogarth "brings home to us the terrible rewards of cruelty, and this should be an impressive lesson to children." Others found the series less to their liking.


Context: what is ''the four stages of cruelty''?

Context: whose work is it?

Context: English artist William Hogarth

Context: what is the first stage of cruelty?

Context: what about the second?

Context: what was the critical reception it received?

Context: Immanuel Kant refers to the engravings as an example of how cruelty towards animals leads indirectly to failing duties towards humans. Others found the series less to their liking.

Question: can you tell me more about the critic?

Answer: He was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.

Immanuel Kant [SEP] Introduction

Immanuel Kant (, ; ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential figures in modern Western philosophy. In his doctrine of transcendental idealism, Kant argued that space and time are mere "forms of intuition" which structure all experience, and therefore that while "things-in-themselves" exist and contribute to experience, they are nonetheless distinct from the objects of experience. From this it follows that the objects of experience are mere "appearances", and that the nature of things as they are in themselves is consequently unknowable to us.


Context: what is ''the four stages of cruelty''?

Context: whose work is it?

Context: English artist William Hogarth

Context: what is the first stage of cruelty?

Context: what about the second?

Context: can you tell me more about the critic?

Context: He was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.

Question: what can you tell me about the theory of perception?

Answer: He distinguishes between analytic and synthetic propositions

Immanuel Kant [SEP] Theory of perception

Kant defines his theory of perception in his influential 1781 work the "Critique of Pure Reason", which has often been cited as the most significant volume of metaphysics and epistemology in modern philosophy. Kant maintains that our understanding of the external world had its foundations not merely in experience, but in both experience and "a priori" concepts, thus offering a "non-empiricist critique of rationalist philosophy", which is what has been referred to as his Copernican revolution. Firstly, Kant distinguishes between analytic and synthetic propositions: An analytic proposition is true by nature of the meaning of the words in the sentence — we require no further knowledge than a grasp of the language to understand this proposition.


Context: what is ''the four stages of cruelty''?

Context: whose work is it?

Context: English artist William Hogarth

Context: what is the first stage of cruelty?

Context: what about the second?

Context: can you tell me more about the critic?

Context: what can you tell me about the theory of perception?

Context: He distinguishes between analytic and synthetic propositions

Question: what are the other works of the artist?

Answer: "The Enraged Musician", the six prints of "Marriage à-la-mode",  "Satire on False Perspective"

William Hogarth [SEP] Other later works

Notable Hogarth engravings in the 1740s include "The Enraged Musician" (1741), the six prints of "Marriage à-la-mode" (1745; executed by French artists under Hogarth's inspection), and "The Stage Coach or The Country Inn Yard" (1747). In 1745 Hogarth painted a self-portrait with his pug dog Trump (now also in Tate Britain), which shows him as a learned artist supported by volumes of Shakespeare, Milton and Swift. In 1749, he represented the somewhat disorderly English troops on their "March of the Guards to Finchley" (formerly located in Thomas Coram Foundation for Children, now Foundling Museum). Others works included his ingenious "Satire on False Perspective" (1754); his satire on canvassing in his "Election" series (1755–1758; now in Sir John Soane's Museum); his ridicule of the English passion for cockfighting in "The Cockpit" (1759); his attack on Methodism in "Credulity, Superstition, and Fanaticism" (1762); his political anti-war satire in "The Times", plate I (1762); and his pessimistic view of all things in "Tailpiece, or The Bathos" (1764).


Context: what is ''the four stages of cruelty''?

Context: whose work is it?

Context: English artist William Hogarth

Context: what is the first stage of cruelty?

Context: what about the second?

Context: can you tell me more about the critic?

Context: what are the other works of the artist?

Context: "The Enraged Musician", the six prints of "Marriage à-la-mode",  "Satire on False Perspective"

Question: when did he do his aforesaid initial work?

Answer: 1741

The Enraged Musician [SEP] Introduction

The Enraged Musician is a 1741 etching and engraving by English artist William Hogarth which depicts a comic scene of a violinist driven to distraction by the cacophony outside his window. It was issued as companion piece to the third state of his print of "The Distrest Poet".


Context: what is ''the four stages of cruelty''?

Context: whose work is it?

Context: English artist William Hogarth

Context: what is the first stage of cruelty?

Context: what about the second?

Context: can you tell me more about the critic?

Context: what are the other works of the artist?

Context: when did he do his aforesaid initial work?

Question: what is the background of this work?

Answer: Hogarth advertised his intention to issue a three-image set: "The Provok'd Musician", "The Distrest Poet", and a third image on the subject of "Painting". The engraving appears to be based on an oil sketch held in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford

The Enraged Musician [SEP] Background

In November 1740, Hogarth advertised his intention to issue a three-image set: "The Provok'd Musician", "The Distrest Poet", and a third image on the subject of "Painting" . The third image was never completed, and the two other prints were issued together in November 1741. The engraving appears to be based on an oil sketch held in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, though there are some differences between the monochrome sketch and the engraving.


Question: when did the olympics become a world event

Answer: 1896

Olympic Games [SEP] Changes and adaptations

After the success of the 1896 Games, the Olympics entered a period of stagnation which threatened its survival. The Olympic Games held at the Paris Exposition in 1900 and the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis in 1904 were little more than side shows. This period in Olympic history was a low point for the Olympic Movement. The Games rebounded with the 1906 Intercalated Games (so-called because they were the second Olympics to take place within the third Olympiad), which were held in Athens. These Games attracted a broad international field of participants and generated a great deal of public interest, marking the beginning of a rise in both the popularity and the size of the Olympics.


Context: when did the olympics become a world event

Question: what was the inspiration behind this event?

Answer: Ancient Olympic Games

Explanation: ancient Olympic Games

Olympic Games [SEP] Introduction

The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are normally held every four years, alternating between the Summer and Winter Olympics every two years in the four-year period. Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games (), held in Olympia, Greece from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, leading to the first modern Games in Athens in 1896.


Context: what was the inspiration behind this event?

Context: Ancient Olympic Games

Question: what is its emblem?

Answer: Olympic rings, which consists of five intertwined rings.

Olympic Games [SEP] Symbols

The Olympic Movement uses symbols to represent the ideals embodied in the Olympic Charter. The Olympic symbol, better known as the Olympic rings, consists of five intertwined rings and represents the unity of the five inhabited continents (Africa, the Americas (when considered one continent), Asia, Europe, and Oceania). The coloured version of the rings—blue, yellow, black, green, and red—over a white field forms the Olympic flag. These colours were chosen because every nation had at least one of them on its national flag. The flag was adopted in 1914 but flown for the first time only at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium.


Context: Ancient Olympic Games

Context: what is its emblem?

Context: Olympic rings, which consists of five intertwined rings.

Question: what is the structure of award distribution?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Olympic Games [SEP] Symbols


Context: Ancient Olympic Games

Context: what is its emblem?

Context: what is the structure of award distribution?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where was this event last anchored?

Answer: Singapore

Explanation: Singapore

Olympic Games [SEP] Sports

These criteria are history and tradition of the sport, universality, popularity of the sport, image, athletes' health, development of the International Federation that governs the sport, and costs of holding the sport. From this study five recognised sports emerged as candidates for inclusion at the 2012 Summer Olympics: golf, karate, rugby sevens, roller sports and squash. These sports were reviewed by the IOC Executive Board and then referred to the General Session in Singapore in July 2005. Of the five sports recommended for inclusion only two were selected as finalists: karate and squash. Neither sport attained the required two-thirds vote and consequently they were not promoted to the Olympic programme.


Context: Ancient Olympic Games

Context: what is its emblem?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this event last anchored?

Context: Singapore

Question: what categories have been added to the initial event?

Answer: Winter Olympic Games for snow and ice sports, the Paralympic Games for athletes with disabilities, the Youth Olympic Games for athletes aged 14 to 18 etc

Olympic Games [SEP] Introduction

The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement, with the Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority. The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in several changes to the Olympic Games. Some of these adjustments include the creation of the Winter Olympic Games for snow and ice sports, the Paralympic Games for athletes with disabilities, the Youth Olympic Games for athletes aged 14 to 18, the five Continental games (Pan American, African, Asian, European, and Pacific), and the World Games for sports that are not contested in the Olympic Games. The IOC also endorses the Deaflympics and the Special Olympics.


Context: Ancient Olympic Games

Context: what is its emblem?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this event last anchored?

Context: Singapore

Context: what categories have been added to the initial event?

Context: Winter Olympic Games for snow and ice sports, the Paralympic Games for athletes with disabilities, the Youth Olympic Games for athletes aged 14 to 18 etc

Question: which sports fall into the former category mentioned above?

Answer: Bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing etc

Winter Olympic Games [SEP] Introduction

The original five Winter Olympic sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The Games were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 and 1944 by World War II, and resumed in 1948. Until 1992, the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games were held in the same year, and in accordance with the 1986 decision by the IOC to place the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years, the next Winter Olympic Games after 1992 were held in 1994.


Context: Ancient Olympic Games

Context: what is its emblem?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this event last anchored?

Context: Singapore

Context: which sports fall into the former category mentioned above?

Context: Bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing etc

Question: where was the first vehicle for this sport built?

Answer: St. Moritz, Switzerland

Explanation: St. Moritz, Switzerland

Bobsleigh [SEP] Introduction

Bobsleigh or bobsled is a team winter sport that involves making timed runs down narrow, twisting, banked, iced tracks in a gravity-powered sleigh. International bobsleigh competitions are governed by the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, also known as FIBT from the French . National competitions are often governed by bodies such as the United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation and Bobsleigh Canada Skeleton. The first bobsleds were built in St. Moritz, Switzerland, in the late 19th century by wealthy tourists from Victorian Britain who were staying at the Palace Hotel owned by Caspar Badrutt. The early sleds were adapted from boys' delivery sleds and toboggans.


Context: Ancient Olympic Games

Context: what is its emblem?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this event last anchored?

Context: Singapore

Context: where was the first vehicle for this sport built?

Context: St. Moritz, Switzerland

Question: what is the highest speed documented under it?

Answer: It may exceed 5 "g".

Explanation: 5 "g"

Bobsleigh [SEP] Tracks

Modern tracks are made of concrete, coated with ice. They are required to have at least one straight section and one labyrinth (three turns in quick succession without a straight section). Ideally, a modern track should be long and have at least fifteen curves. Speeds may exceed , and some curves can subject the crews to as much as 5 "g". Some bobsleigh tracks are also used for luge and skeleton competition. Some tracks offer tourists rides in bobsleighs, including those at Sigulda, Latvia; Innsbruck-Igls, Austria; Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Whistler, British Columbia, Canada; Lillehammer, Norway; Cesana Pariol, Italy; Lake Placid, US; Salt Lake City, Utah, US and La Plagne, France.


Context: Ancient Olympic Games

Context: what is its emblem?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was this event last anchored?

Context: Singapore

Context: St. Moritz, Switzerland

Context: what is the highest speed documented under it?

Context: It may exceed 5 "g".

Question: what was the inception date of the above mentioned main event?

Answer: 1924

Winter Olympic Games [SEP] Introduction

The Winter Olympic Games () is a major international multi-sport event held once every four years for sports practiced on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympic Games, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held in Chamonix, France. The modern Olympic Games were inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, leading to the first modern Summer Olympic Games in Athens, Greece in 1896. The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement, with the Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority.


Question: what is the true story of victoria and abdul

Answer: Mohammed Abdul Karim known as "the Munshi", was an Indian attendant of Queen Victoria. He served her during the final fourteen years of her reign, gaining her maternal affection over that time. The close platonic relationship between Karim and the Queen led to friction within the Royal Household, the other members of which felt themselves to be superior to him.

Explanation:
Mohammed Abdul Karim (1863 – April 1909), known as "the Munshi", was an Indian attendant of Queen Victoria. He served her during the final fourteen years of her reign, gaining her maternal affection over that time.

Karim was born the son of a hospital assistant near Jhansi in British India. In 1887, the year of Victoria's Golden Jubilee, Karim was one of two Indians selected to become servants to the Queen. Victoria came to like him a great deal and gave him the title of "Munshi" ("clerk" or "teacher"). Victoria appointed him to be her Indian Secretary, showered him with honours, and obtained a land grant for him in India.

The close platonic relationship between Karim and the Queen led to friction within the Royal Household, the other members of which felt themselves to be superior to him. The Queen insisted on taking Karim with her on her travels, which caused arguments between her and her other attendants.

Abdul Karim (the Munshi) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the true story of victoria and abdul

Context: Mohammed Abdul Karim known as "the Munshi", was an Indian attendant of Queen Victoria. He served her during the final fourteen years of her reign, gaining her maternal affection over that time. The close platonic relationship between Karim and the Queen led to friction within the Royal Household, the other members of which felt themselves to be superior to him.

Question: what did he use to do in his initial life?

Answer: Karim worked as a "vakil" ("agent" or "representative") for the Nawab of Jaora in the Agency of Agar.

Explanation: Karim worked as a "vakil" ("agent" or "representative") for the Nawab of Jaora in the Agency of Agar. A

Abdul Karim (the Munshi) [SEP] Early life

The Queen had a longstanding interest in her Indian territories and wished to employ some Indian servants for her Golden Jubilee. She asked Tyler to recruit two attendants who would be employed for a year. Karim was hastily coached in British manners and in the English language and sent to England, along with Mohammed Buksh. Major-General Thomas Dennehy, who was about to be appointed to the Royal Household, had previously employed Buksh as a servant. It was planned that the two Indian men would initially wait at table, and learn to do other tasks.


Context: what did he use to do in his initial life?

Context: Karim worked as a "vakil" ("agent" or "representative") for the Nawab of Jaora in the Agency of Agar.

Question: when did he start to serve the queen?

Answer: 23 June 1887

Explanation: 23 June 1887

Abdul Karim (the Munshi) [SEP] Royal servant

After a journey by rail from Agra to Bombay and by mail steamer to Britain, Karim and Buksh arrived at Windsor Castle in June 1887. They were put under the charge of Major-General Dennehy and first served the Queen at breakfast in Frogmore House at Windsor on 23 June 1887. The Queen described Karim in her diary for that day: "The other, much younger, is much lighter [than Buksh], tall, and with a fine serious countenance. His father is a native doctor at Agra. They both kissed my feet." Five days later, the Queen noted that "The Indians always wait now and do so, so well and quietly." On 3 August, she wrote: "I am learning a few words of Hindustani to speak to my servants.


Context: when did he start to serve the queen?

Context: 23 June 1887

Question: why was he called by that term that you mentioned above within inverted commas?

Answer: He was promoted to the position of "Munshi" by the queen.

Explanation: After he complained to the Queen that he had been a clerk in India and thus menial work as a waiter was beneath him, he was promoted to the position of "Munshi" in August 1888.

In her journal, the Queen writes that she made this change so that he would stay: "I particularly wish to retain his services as he helps me in studying Hindustani, which interests me very much, & he is very intelligent & useful." Photographs of him waiting at table were destroyed and he became the first Indian personal clerk to the Queen. Buksh remained in the Queen's service, but only as a "khidmatgar" or table servant, until his death at Windsor in 1899.


Context: when did he start to serve the queen?

Context: 23 June 1887

Context: why was he called by that term that you mentioned above within inverted commas?

Context: He was promoted to the position of "Munshi" by the queen.

Question: what is the origin of this term?

Answer: It is a Persian word, originally used for a contractor, writer, or secretary, and later used in the Mughal Empire and British India for native language teachers, teachers of various subjects, especially administrative principles, religious texts, science, and philosophy and were also secretaries and translators employed by Europeans.

Munshi [SEP] Introduction

Munshi (; Hindi: मुंशी; ) is a Persian word, originally used for a contractor, writer, or secretary, and later used in the Mughal Empire and British India for native language teachers, teachers of various subjects, especially administrative principles, religious texts, science, and philosophy and were also secretaries and translators employed by Europeans.


Context: when did he start to serve the queen?

Context: 23 June 1887

Context: what is the origin of this term?

Context: It is a Persian word, originally used for a contractor, writer, or secretary, and later used in the Mughal Empire and British India for native language teachers, teachers of various subjects, especially administrative principles, religious texts, science, and philosophy and were also secretaries and translators employed by Europeans.

Question: where was the above queen born?

Answer: United Kingdom

Explanation: United Kingdom

Queen Victoria [SEP] Birth and family

Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III. Until 1817, Edward's niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children. In 1818 he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a widowed German princess with two children—Carl (1804–1856) and Feodora (1807–1872)—by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen. Her brother Leopold was Princess Charlotte's widower. The Duke and Duchess of Kent's only child, Victoria, was born at 4.15 a.m.


Context: when did he start to serve the queen?

Context: 23 June 1887

Context: what is the origin of this term?

Context: where was the above queen born?

Context: United Kingdom

Question: whom did she marry?

Answer: Albert

Queen Victoria [SEP] Marriage

Victoria continued to praise Albert following his second visit in October 1839. Albert and Victoria felt mutual affection and the Queen proposed to him on 15 October 1839, just five days after he had arrived at Windsor. They were married on 10 February 1840, in the Chapel Royal of St James's Palace, London. Victoria was love-struck. She spent the evening after their wedding lying down with a headache, but wrote ecstatically in her diary: Albert became an important political adviser as well as the Queen's companion, replacing Melbourne as the dominant influential figure in the first half of her life.


Context: when did he start to serve the queen?

Context: 23 June 1887

Context: what is the origin of this term?

Context: where was the above queen born?

Context: United Kingdom

Context: whom did she marry?

Context: Albert

Question: when did her reign start?

Answer: On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom.

Queen Victoria [SEP] Early reign

Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. Less than a month later, on 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, "I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and "alone", and saw them. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that "I" am "Queen"." Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.


Context: when did he start to serve the queen?

Context: 23 June 1887

Context: what is the origin of this term?

Context: where was the above queen born?

Context: United Kingdom

Context: whom did she marry?

Context: Albert

Context: when did her reign start?

Context: On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom.

Question: how is she related to india?

Answer: Parliament voted her the additional title of Empress of India

Queen Victoria [SEP] Introduction

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. Parliament voted her the additional title of Empress of India in 1876. Known as the Victorian era, her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than that of any of her predecessors. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (the fourth son of King George III), and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.


Context: when did he start to serve the queen?

Context: 23 June 1887

Context: what is the origin of this term?

Context: where was the above queen born?

Context: United Kingdom

Context: whom did she marry?

Context: Albert

Context: when did her reign start?

Context: how is she related to india?

Context: Parliament voted her the additional title of Empress of India

Question: can you mention one or two of her titles?

Answer: "Her Majesty Victoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India."

Queen Victoria [SEP] Titles and styles

At the end of her reign, the Queen's full style was: "Her Majesty Victoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India."


Context: when did he start to serve the queen?

Context: 23 June 1887

Context: what is the origin of this term?

Context: where was the above queen born?

Context: United Kingdom

Context: whom did she marry?

Context: Albert

Context: when did her reign start?

Context: how is she related to india?

Context: can you mention one or two of her titles?

Context: "Her Majesty Victoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India."

Question: what role does the fourth title hint at?

Answer: The title was conferred in recognition of Henry's book "Assertio Septem Sacramentorum" ("Defense of the Seven Sacraments"), which defended the sacramental nature of marriage and the supremacy of the pope.

Explanation: The title was conferred in recognition of Henry's book "Assertio Septem Sacramentorum" ("Defense of the Seven Sacraments"), which defended the sacramental nature of marriage and the supremacy of the pope. This was also known as the "Henrician Affirmation" and was seen as an important opposition to the early stages of the Protestant Reformation, especially the ideas of Martin Luther.

Defender of the Faith [SEP] History

This was also known as the "Henrician Affirmation" and was seen as an important opposition to the early stages of the Protestant Reformation, especially the ideas of Martin Luther. Following Henry's decision to break with Rome in 1530 and establish himself as head of the Church of England, the title was revoked by Pope Paul III (since Henry's act was regarded as an attack on "the Faith") and Henry was excommunicated. However, in 1544, the Parliament of England conferred the title "Defender of the Faith" on King Henry VIII and his successors, now the defenders of the Anglican faith, of which they (except the Catholic Mary I) remain the supreme governors (formally above the archbishop of Canterbury as primate).


Context: when did he start to serve the queen?

Context: 23 June 1887

Context: what is the origin of this term?

Context: where was the above queen born?

Context: United Kingdom

Context: whom did she marry?

Context: Albert

Context: when did her reign start?

Context: how is she related to india?

Context: what role does the fourth title hint at?

Question: who does this person refers to that you used just now in the last?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Defender of the Faith [SEP] History

The earliest use of the term appears in 1507, when King James IV of Scotland was granted the title of "Protector and Defender of the Christian Faith" by Pope Julius II. The title was conferred on James IV by the papal legate Robert Bellenden in a lavish ceremony in Holyrood Abbey. "Defender of the Faith" has been one of the subsidiary titles of the English and later British monarchs since it was granted on 11 October 1521 by Pope Leo X to King Henry VIII. His wife Catherine of Aragon also used the title. The title was conferred in recognition of Henry's book "Assertio Septem Sacramentorum" ("Defense of the Seven Sacraments"), which defended the sacramental nature of marriage and the supremacy of the pope.


Question: how many members of u2 were born in ireland

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

U2 [SEP] Formation and early years (1976–1980)

In 1976, Larry Mullen Jr., then a 14-year-old student at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in Dublin, Ireland, posted a note on the school's notice board in search of musicians for a new band. Six people responded and met at his house on 25 September. Set up in the kitchen, Mullen was on drums, with: Paul Hewson ("Bono") on lead vocals; David Evans ("the Edge") and his older brother Dik Evans on guitar; Adam Clayton, a friend of the Evans brothers, on bass guitar; and initially Ivan McCormick and Peter Martin, two other friends of Mullen. Mullen later described it as "'The Larry Mullen Band' for about ten minutes, then Bono walked in and blew any chance I had of being in charge." Martin, who had brought his guitar and amplifier to the first practice but could not play, did not remain with the group, and McCormick was dropped after a few weeks.


Context: how many members of u2 were born in ireland

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where was the band formed?

Answer: Dublin

U2 [SEP] Introduction

U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's effects-based guitar textures. Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career. The band formed as teenagers while attending Mount Temple Comprehensive School, when they had limited musical proficiency.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Question: who are its members?

Answer: Bono, Adam Clayton, the Edge and Larry Mullen Jr.

Explanation: The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion).

U2 [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: Bono, Adam Clayton, the Edge and Larry Mullen Jr.

Question: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Answer: With the band Clannad and for the film "Captive".

U2 [SEP] Other projects and collaborations

The members of U2 have undertaken side projects, sometimes in collaboration with some of their bandmates. In 1985, Bono recorded the song "In a Lifetime" with the Irish band Clannad. The Edge recorded a solo soundtrack album for the film "Captive", which was released in 1986 and included a vocal performance by Sinéad O'Connor that predates her own debut album by a year. Bono and the Edge wrote the song "She's a Mystery to Me" for Roy Orbison, which was featured on his 1989 album "Mystery Girl". In 1990, Bono and the Edge provided the original score to the Royal Shakespeare Company London .


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Context: With the band Clannad and for the film "Captive".

Question: what kind of style do they adopt in their music?

Answer: Initially rooted in post-punk, it's musical style has evolved throughout their career.

Explanation: Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's effects-based guitar textures.

U2 [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Context: what kind of style do they adopt in their music?

Context: Initially rooted in post-punk, it's musical style has evolved throughout their career.

Question: what music form is it?

Answer: A broad genre of rock music.

Post-punk [SEP] Introduction

Post-punk (originally called new musick) is a broad genre of rock music which emerged in the late 1970s as artists departed from the raw simplicity and traditionalism of punk rock, instead adopting a variety of avant-garde sensibilities and non-rock influences. Inspired by punk's energy and DIY ethic but determined to break from rock cliches, artists experimented with styles like funk, electronic music, jazz, and dance music; the production techniques of dub and disco; and ideas from art and politics, including critical theory, modernist art, cinema and literature. These communities produced independent record labels, visual art, multimedia performances and fanzines. The early post-punk vanguard was represented by groups including Siouxsie and the Banshees, Wire, Public Image Ltd, the Pop Group, Cabaret Voltaire, Magazine, Pere Ubu, Joy Division, Talking Heads, Devo, Gang of Four, the Slits, the Cure, and the Fall.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Context: what music form is it?

Context: A broad genre of rock music.

Question: mention some of its characteristics?

Answer: The use of bass is prominent on many post-punk records either as a lead instrument by artists like Gang of Four or PiL .

Post-punk [SEP] Characteristics

Many post-punk artists were initially inspired by punk's DIY ethic and energy, but ultimately became disillusioned with the style and movement, feeling that it had fallen into a commercial formula, rock convention, and self-parody. They repudiated its populist claims to accessibility and raw simplicity, instead of seeing an opportunity to break with musical tradition, subvert commonplaces and challenge audiences. Artists moved beyond punk's focus on the concerns of a largely white, male, working-class population and abandoned its continued reliance on established rock and roll tropes, such as three-chord progressions and Chuck Berry-based guitar riffs. The use of bass is also prominent on many post-punk records either as a lead instrument by artists like Gang of Four or PiL or in a more funkier aspect as done by Talking Heads, Pylon etc.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Context: what music form is it?

Context: A broad genre of rock music.

Context: mention some of its characteristics?

Context: The use of bass is prominent on many post-punk records either as a lead instrument by artists like Gang of Four or PiL .

Question: was it a well received genre?

Answer: Yes, the post-punk period produced significant innovations and music on its own.

Post-punk [SEP] Critical recognition

In the early 2000s, Reynolds asserted that the post-punk period produced significant innovations and music on its own. Reynolds described the period as "a fair match for the sixties in terms of the sheer amount of great music created, the spirit of adventure and idealism that infused it, and the way that the music seemed inextricably connected to the political and social turbulence of its era". Nicholas Lezard wrote that the music of the period "was avant-garde, open to any musical possibilities that suggested themselves, united only in the sense that it was very often cerebral, concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience, or making them think, as in making a pop song".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Context: what music form is it?

Context: A broad genre of rock music.

Context: mention some of its characteristics?

Context: was it a well received genre?

Context: Yes, the post-punk period produced significant innovations and music on its own.

Question: did it achieve fame in the united states?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Post-punk [SEP] Critical recognition


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Context: what music form is it?

Context: A broad genre of rock music.

Context: mention some of its characteristics?

Context: was it a well received genre?

Context: did it achieve fame in the united states?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what themes do the band deal with?

Answer: Social and political themes.

U2 [SEP] Lyrics and themes

U2's lyrics are known for their social and political themes, and are often embellished with Christian and spiritual imagery. Songs such as "Sunday Bloody Sunday", "Silver and Gold", and "Mothers of the Disappeared" were motivated by current events of the time. The first was written about the Troubles in Northern Ireland, while the last was a tribute to COMADRES, the women whose children were killed or forcibly disappeared at the hands of the Salvadoran government during the country's civil war. The song "Running to Stand Still" from "The Joshua Tree" was inspired by the heroin addiction that was sweeping through Dublin—the lyric "I see seven towers, but I only see one way out" references the Ballymun Towers of Dublin's Northside and the imagery throughout the song personifies the struggles of addiction.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Context: what music form is it?

Context: A broad genre of rock music.

Context: mention some of its characteristics?

Context: was it a well received genre?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what themes do the band deal with?

Context: Social and political themes.

Question: have they been involved in any activism?

Answer: Yes, Band Aid to raise money for the 1983–85 famine in Ethiopia.

U2 [SEP] Activism and philanthropy

Since the early 1980s, the members of U2—as a band and individually—have collaborated with other musicians, artists, celebrities, and politicians to address issues concerning poverty, disease, and social injustice. In 1984, Bono and Clayton participated in Band Aid to raise money for the 1983–85 famine in Ethiopia. This initiative produced the hit charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?", which would be the first of several collaborations between U2 and Bob Geldof. In July 1985, U2 performed at Live Aid, a follow-up to Band Aid's efforts. Bono and his wife Ali, invited by World Vision, visited Ethiopia that year where they witnessed the famine first-hand.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Context: what music form is it?

Context: A broad genre of rock music.

Context: mention some of its characteristics?

Context: was it a well received genre?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what themes do the band deal with?

Context: Social and political themes.

Context: have they been involved in any activism?

Context: Yes, Band Aid to raise money for the 1983–85 famine in Ethiopia.

Question: did any of their albums won any awards?

Answer: No, but the group's fifth studio album, "The Joshua Tree", is one of the best-selling albums in the US.

U2 [SEP] Awards and achievements

U2 have sold an estimated 150–170 million records worldwide, placing them among the best-selling music artists in history. The group's fifth studio album, "The Joshua Tree", is one of the best-selling albums in the US (10 million copies shipped) and worldwide (25 million copies sold). With 52 million certified units by the RIAA, U2 rank as the 22nd-highest-selling music artist in the US. U2 have eight albums that have reached number one in the US, the third-most of any group. They were the first group to attain number-one albums in the US in the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. In the UK, the group have had seven number-one singles, tied for the 16th-most of any artist, and ten number-one albums, tied for the 8th-most of any artist.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Context: what music form is it?

Context: A broad genre of rock music.

Context: mention some of its characteristics?

Context: was it a well received genre?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what themes do the band deal with?

Context: Social and political themes.

Context: did any of their albums won any awards?

Context: No, but the group's fifth studio album, "The Joshua Tree", is one of the best-selling albums in the US.

Question: is there any reason behind the title of the just mentioned album?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

U2 [SEP] Awards and achievements


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Context: what music form is it?

Context: A broad genre of rock music.

Context: mention some of its characteristics?

Context: was it a well received genre?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what themes do the band deal with?

Context: Social and political themes.

Context: did any of their albums won any awards?

Context: is there any reason behind the title of the just mentioned album?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who produced it?

Answer: Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno.

The Joshua Tree [SEP] Introduction

The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2. It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno, and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records. In contrast to the ambient experimentation of their 1984 release, "The Unforgettable Fire", the band aimed for a harder-hitting sound within the limitation of conventional song structures on "The Joshua Tree". The album is influenced by American and Irish roots music, and through sociopolitically conscious lyrics embellished with spiritual imagery, it contrasts the group's antipathy for the "real America" with their fascination with the "mythical America". Inspired by American experiences, literature, and politics, U2 chose America as a theme for the record.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the band formed?

Context: Dublin

Context: who are its members?

Context: did the band collaborated with anyone?

Context: what music form is it?

Context: A broad genre of rock music.

Context: mention some of its characteristics?

Context: was it a well received genre?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what themes do the band deal with?

Context: Social and political themes.

Context: did any of their albums won any awards?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who produced it?

Context: Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno.

Question: when was it released?

Answer: 9 March 1987

Explanation: The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2. It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno, and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records.

The Joshua Tree [SEP] Introduction

They represented this in the sleeve photography depicting them in American desert landscapes. "The Joshua Tree" received critical acclaim, topped the charts in over 20 countries, and became the fastest-selling album in British history. According to "Rolling Stone", the album increased the band's stature "from heroes to superstars". It produced the hit singles "With or Without You", "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For", and "Where the Streets Have No Name", the first two of which became the group's only number-one singles in the US. The album won Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1988.


Question: what does hang the dj refer to?

Answer: It is the fourth episode of the fourth series of the British anthology series "Black Mirror".

Hang the DJ [SEP] Introduction

"Hang the DJ" is the fourth episode of the fourth series of the British anthology series "Black Mirror". It was written by Charlie Brooker and directed by Tim Van Patten. The episode first aired on Netflix, along with the rest of series four, on 29 December 2017. Amy (Georgina Campbell) and Frank (Joe Cole) live in a walled-off society where people are required to be matched into romantic relationships; all the relationships come with expiration dates that can be revealed if both partners choose. A digital "coach" (voiced by Gina Bramhill) collects the data from the failed relationship and helps them find their "ultimate compatible other".


Context: what does hang the dj refer to?

Context: It is the fourth episode of the fourth series of the British anthology series "Black Mirror".

Question: which channel aired it?

Answer: Netflix

Explanation: . The episode first aired on Netflix, along with the rest of series four, on 29 December 2017.

Hang the DJ [SEP] Introduction


Context: what does hang the dj refer to?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: Netflix

Question: when was it established?

Answer: 1997

Netflix [SEP] Introduction

Netflix, Inc. is an American technology and media services provider and production company headquartered in Los Gatos, California. Netflix was founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley, California. The company's primary business is its subscription-based streaming service which offers online streaming of a library of films and television series, including those produced in-house. As of April 2020, Netflix had over 193 million paid subscriptions worldwide, including 73 million in the United States. It is available worldwide except in the following: mainland China (due to local restrictions), Syria, North Korea, and Crimea (due to U.S. sanctions).


Context: what does hang the dj refer to?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: Netflix

Context: when was it established?

Question: who founded it?

Answer: Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph

Netflix [SEP] Introduction


Context: what does hang the dj refer to?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: Netflix

Context: when was it established?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph

Question: what different sorts of businesses is it involved in?

Answer: Subscription-based streaming service which offers online streaming of a library of films and television series, including those produced in-house.

Explanation: The company's primary business is its subscription-based streaming service which offers online streaming of a library of films and television series, including those produced in-house.

Netflix [SEP] Introduction


Context: what does hang the dj refer to?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: Netflix

Context: when was it established?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph

Context: what different sorts of businesses is it involved in?

Context: Subscription-based streaming service which offers online streaming of a library of films and television series, including those produced in-house.

Question: can you mention a few of those films?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Netflix [SEP] Introduction


Context: what does hang the dj refer to?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: Netflix

Context: when was it established?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph

Context: can you mention a few of those films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who owns the channel?

Answer: Netflix shares were mainly held by institutional investors, including Capital Group Companies, The Vanguard Group, BlackRock and others

Netflix [SEP] Ownership

As of 2017, Netflix shares were mainly held by institutional investors, including Capital Group Companies, The Vanguard Group, BlackRock and others.


Context: what does hang the dj refer to?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: Netflix

Context: when was it established?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph

Context: can you mention a few of those films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who owns the channel?

Context: Netflix shares were mainly held by institutional investors, including Capital Group Companies, The Vanguard Group, BlackRock and others

Question: where is the first one located?

Answer: Los Angeles, California

Capital Group Companies [SEP] Introduction

Capital Group is an American financial services company. It ranks among the world's oldest and largest investment management organizations, with over $2 trillion in assets under management. Founded in Los Angeles, California in 1931, it is privately held and has offices around the globe in the Americas, Asia, Australia and Europe. Capital offers a range of products focused on active management, including more than 40 mutual funds through its subsidiary, American Funds Distributors, as well as separately managed accounts (or collective investment trusts), private equity, investment services for high net worth investors in the U.S., and a range of other offerings for institutional clients and individual investors globally.


Context: what does hang the dj refer to?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: Netflix

Context: when was it established?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph

Context: can you mention a few of those films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who owns the channel?

Context: where is the first one located?

Context: Los Angeles, California

Question: what are the different kinds of strategies they follow?

Answer: Funds typically have between 3 and 13 managers; in addition to financial research, the managers may do on-the-ground due diligence, and in 2018 logged 12,400 to facilities such as factories

Capital Group Companies [SEP] Strategies

Funds typically have between 3 and 13 managers; in addition to financial research, the managers may do on-the-ground due diligence, and in 2018 logged 12,400 to facilities such as factories. It has 3 independent divisions focused on equities: Capital World Investors, Capital Research Global Investors and Capital International Investors.


Context: what does hang the dj refer to?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: Netflix

Context: when was it established?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph

Context: can you mention a few of those films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who owns the channel?

Context: where is the first one located?

Context: Los Angeles, California

Context: what are the different kinds of strategies they follow?

Context: Funds typically have between 3 and 13 managers; in addition to financial research, the managers may do on-the-ground due diligence, and in 2018 logged 12,400 to facilities such as factories

Question: when was the second group formed?

Answer: 1967

The Vanguard Group [SEP] Formation

In 1951, for his undergraduate thesis at Princeton University, John C. Bogle conducted a study in which he found that most mutual funds did not earn more money compared to broad stock market indexes. Even if the stocks in the funds beat the benchmark index, management fees reduced the returns to investors below the returns of the benchmark. Immediately after graduating from Princeton University in 1951, Bogle was hired by Wellington Management Company. In 1966, he forged a merger with a fund management group based in Boston. He became President in 1967 and CEO in 1970. However, the merger ended badly and Bogle was therefore fired in 1974.


Context: what does hang the dj refer to?

Context: which channel aired it?

Context: Netflix

Context: when was it established?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph

Context: can you mention a few of those films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who owns the channel?

Context: where is the first one located?

Context: Los Angeles, California

Context: when was the second group formed?

Question: what were the objectives of the third company?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

BlackRock [SEP] Blackrock and ESG objectives into EU banking rules

The European Ombudsman opened an inquiry in May 2020 to inspect the Commission's file on the European Commission's decision to award a contract to BlackRock Investment Management to carry out a study on integrating environmental, social and governance risks and objectives into EU banking rules ('the prudential framework'). European Parliament members questioned the impartiality of the world's largest asset manager given its investments already in the sector.


Question: what type of path do planets follow around the sun

Answer: orbit

Orbit [SEP] Introduction

In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet. Normally, orbit refers to a regularly repeating trajectory, although it may also refer to a non-repeating trajectory. To a close approximation, planets and satellites follow elliptic orbits, with the center of mass being orbited at a focal point of the ellipse, as described by Kepler's laws of planetary motion. For most situations, orbital motion is adequately approximated by Newtonian mechanics, which explains gravity as a force obeying an inverse-square law. However, Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, which accounts for gravity as due to curvature of spacetime, with orbits following geodesics, provides a more accurate calculation and understanding of the exact mechanics of orbital motion.


Context: what type of path do planets follow around the sun

Context: orbit

Question: what is ecliptic?

Answer: The ecliptic is the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun.

Ecliptic [SEP] Introduction

The ecliptic is the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun. From the perspective of an observer on Earth, the Sun's movement around the celestial sphere over the course of a year traces out a path along the ecliptic against the background of stars. The ecliptic is an important reference plane and is the basis of the ecliptic coordinate system.


Context: orbit

Context: what is ecliptic?

Context: The ecliptic is the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun.

Question: is there a celestial reference plane?

Answer: The ecliptic forms one of the two fundamental planes used as reference for positions on the celestial sphere, the other being the celestial equator.

Ecliptic [SEP] Celestial reference plane

The ecliptic forms one of the two fundamental planes used as reference for positions on the celestial sphere, the other being the celestial equator. Perpendicular to the ecliptic are the ecliptic poles, the north ecliptic pole being the pole north of the equator. Of the two fundamental planes, the ecliptic is closer to unmoving against the background stars, its motion due to planetary precession being roughly 1/100 that of the celestial equator. Spherical coordinates, known as ecliptic longitude and latitude or celestial longitude and latitude, are used to specify positions of bodies on the celestial sphere with respect to the ecliptic.


Context: orbit

Context: what is ecliptic?

Context: is there a celestial reference plane?

Context: The ecliptic forms one of the two fundamental planes used as reference for positions on the celestial sphere, the other being the celestial equator.

Question: what do you mean by the last term?

Answer: The celestial equator is the great circle of the imaginary celestial sphere on the same plane as the equator of Earth.

Celestial equator [SEP] Introduction

The celestial equator is the great circle of the imaginary celestial sphere on the same plane as the equator of Earth. This plane of reference bases the equatorial coordinate system. In other words, the celestial equator is an abstract projection of the terrestrial equator into outer space. Due to Earth's axial tilt, the celestial equator is currently inclined by about 23.44° with respect to the ecliptic (the plane of Earth's orbit). The inclination has varied from about 22.0° to 24.5° over the past 5 million years. An observer standing on Earth's equator visualizes the celestial equator as a semicircle passing through the zenith, the point directly overhead.


Context: orbit

Context: what is ecliptic?

Context: is there a celestial reference plane?

Context: what do you mean by the last term?

Context: The celestial equator is the great circle of the imaginary celestial sphere on the same plane as the equator of Earth.

Question: what do you mean by the plane of the solar system?

Answer: Most of the major bodies of the Solar System orbit the Sun in nearly the same plane. This is likely due to the way in which the Solar System formed from a protoplanetary disk

Ecliptic [SEP] Plane of the Solar System

Most of the major bodies of the Solar System orbit the Sun in nearly the same plane. This is likely due to the way in which the Solar System formed from a protoplanetary disk. Probably the closest current representation of the disk is known as the "invariable plane of the Solar System". Earth's orbit, and hence, the ecliptic, is inclined a little more than 1° to the invariable plane, Jupiter's orbit is within a little more than ° of it, and the other major planets are all within about 6°. Because of this, most Solar System bodies appear very close to the ecliptic in the sky.


Context: orbit

Context: what is ecliptic?

Context: is there a celestial reference plane?

Context: what do you mean by the last term?

Context: what do you mean by the plane of the solar system?

Context: Most of the major bodies of the Solar System orbit the Sun in nearly the same plane. This is likely due to the way in which the Solar System formed from a protoplanetary disk

Question: what is an equinox?

Answer: The instant of time when the plane of Earth's equator passes through the geometric center of the Sun's disk.

Equinox [SEP] Introduction

An equinox is commonly regarded as the instant of time when the plane (extended indefinitely in all directions) of Earth's equator passes through the geometric center of the Sun's disk. This occurs twice each year, around 20 March and 23 September. In other words, it is the moment at which the center of the visible Sun is directly above the equator. The word is derived from the Latin ', from ' (equal) and ' (genitive ') (night). On the day of an equinox, daytime and nighttime are of approximately equal duration all over the planet. They are not exactly equal, however, due to the angular size of the Sun, atmospheric refraction, and the rapidly changing duration of the length of day that occurs at most latitudes around the equinoxes.


Context: orbit

Context: what is ecliptic?

Context: is there a celestial reference plane?

Context: what do you mean by the last term?

Context: what is an equinox?

Context: The instant of time when the plane of Earth's equator passes through the geometric center of the Sun's disk.

Question: how often does it happen?

Answer: Twice each year, around 20 March and 23 September.

Explanation: This occurs twice each year, around 20 March and 23 September. In other words, it is the moment at which the center of the visible Sun is directly above the equator.

Equinox [SEP] Introduction


Context: orbit

Context: what is ecliptic?

Context: is there a celestial reference plane?

Context: what do you mean by the last term?

Context: what is an equinox?

Context: how often does it happen?

Context: Twice each year, around 20 March and 23 September.

Question: how many solstices are there?

Answer: 2

Solstice [SEP] Introduction

A solstice is an event occurring when the Sun appears to reach its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. Two solstices occur annually, around June 21 and December 21. In many countries, the seasons of the year are determined by reference to the solstices and the equinoxes. The term "solstice" can also be used in a broader sense, as the day when this occurs. The day of a solstice in either hemisphere has either the most sunlight of the year (summer solstice) or the least sunlight of the year (winter solstice) for any place other than the Equator.


Context: orbit

Context: what is ecliptic?

Context: is there a celestial reference plane?

Context: what do you mean by the last term?

Context: what is an equinox?

Context: how often does it happen?

Context: how many solstices are there?

Question: can you please name them

Answer: summer solstice, winter solstice

Explanation: The term "solstice" can also be used in a broader sense, as the day when this occurs. The day of a solstice in either hemisphere has either the most sunlight of the year (summer solstice) or the least sunlight of the year (winter solstice) for any place other than the Equator. Alternative terms, with no ambiguity as to which hemisphere is the context, are "June solstice" and "December solstice", referring to the months in which they take place every year.

Solstice [SEP] Introduction


Context: orbit

Context: what is ecliptic?

Context: is there a celestial reference plane?

Context: what do you mean by the last term?

Context: what is an equinox?

Context: how often does it happen?

Context: how many solstices are there?

Context: can you please name them

Context: summer solstice, winter solstice

Question: what happens at this time?

Answer: The day of a solstice in either hemisphere has either the most sunlight of the year (summer solstice) or the least sunlight of the year (winter solstice) for any place other than the Equator.

Explanation: The day of a solstice in either hemisphere has either the most sunlight of the year (summer solstice) or the least sunlight of the year (winter solstice) for any place other than the Equator.

Solstice [SEP] Introduction


Question: what is the lives of the most eminent literary and scientific men?

Answer: It was a ten volumes of Dionysius Lardner's 133-volume "Cabinet Cyclopaedia".

Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men [SEP] Introduction

The Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men comprised ten volumes of Dionysius Lardner's 133-volume "Cabinet Cyclopaedia" (1829–46). Aimed at the self-educating middle class, this encyclopedia was written during the 19th-century literary revolution in Britain that encouraged more people to read. The "Lives" formed part of the "Cabinet of Biography" in the "Cabinet Cyclopaedia". Within the set of ten, the three-volume "Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men of Italy, Spain and Portugal" (1835–37) and the two-volume "Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men of France" (1838–39) consist of biographies of important writers and thinkers of the 14th to 18th centuries.


Context: what is the lives of the most eminent literary and scientific men?

Context: It was a ten volumes of Dionysius Lardner's 133-volume "Cabinet Cyclopaedia".

Question: when was it created?

Answer: Between 1829–46.

Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men


Context: when was it created?

Context: Between 1829–46.

Question: did other people contribute to it?

Answer: Yes, Mary Shelley

Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men

Explanation: Mary Shelley

Most of them were written by the Romantic writer Mary Shelley. Shelley's biographies reveal her as a professional woman of letters, contracted to produce several volumes of works and paid well to do so. Her extensive knowledge of history and languages, her ability to tell a gripping biographical narrative, and her interest in the burgeoning field of feminist historiography are reflected in these works. At times Shelley had trouble finding sufficient research materials and had to make do with fewer resources than she would have liked, particularly for the "Spanish and Portuguese Lives". She wrote in a style that combined secondary sources, memoir, anecdote, and her own opinions.


Context: when was it created?

Context: Between 1829–46.

Context: did other people contribute to it?

Context: Yes, Mary Shelley

Question: who was she?

Answer: She was an English novelist.

Explanation: an English novelist

Mary Shelley [SEP] Introduction

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (, ; ; 30 August 1797 – 1 February 1851) was an English novelist who wrote the Gothic novel "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus" (1818), which is considered an early example of science fiction. She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley. Her father was the political philosopher William Godwin and her mother was the philosopher and feminist activist Mary Wollstonecraft. Shelley's mother died less than a month after giving birth to her. She was raised by her father who provided her with a rich if informal education, encouraging her to adhere to his own anarchist political theories.


Context: when was it created?

Context: Between 1829–46.

Context: did other people contribute to it?

Context: Yes, Mary Shelley

Context: who was she?

Context: She was an English novelist.

Question: where was she born?

Answer: Somers Town, London

Explanation: Somers Town, London

Mary Shelley [SEP] Early life

Mary Shelley was born Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin in Somers Town, London, in 1797. She was the second child of the feminist philosopher, educator and writer Mary Wollstonecraft and the first child of the philosopher, novelist and journalist William Godwin. Wollstonecraft died of puerperal fever shortly after Mary was born. Godwin was left to bring up Mary, along with her older half-sister, Fanny Imlay, Wollstonecraft's child by the American speculator Gilbert Imlay. A year after Wollstonecraft's death, Godwin published his "Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" (1798), which he intended as a sincere and compassionate tribute.


Context: when was it created?

Context: Between 1829–46.

Context: did other people contribute to it?

Context: Yes, Mary Shelley

Context: who was she?

Context: She was an English novelist.

Context: where was she born?

Context: Somers Town, London

Question: do you know when?

Answer: 30 August 1797

Explanation: 30 August 1797

Mary Shelley [SEP] Introduction


Context: when was it created?

Context: Between 1829–46.

Context: did other people contribute to it?

Context: Yes, Mary Shelley

Context: who was she?

Context: She was an English novelist.

Context: where was she born?

Context: Somers Town, London

Context: do you know when?

Context: 30 August 1797

Question: who did she marry?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Mary Shelley [SEP] Introduction


Context: when was it created?

Context: Between 1829–46.

Context: did other people contribute to it?

Context: Yes, Mary Shelley

Context: who was she?

Context: She was an English novelist.

Context: where was she born?

Context: Somers Town, London

Context: do you know when?

Context: 30 August 1797

Context: who did she marry?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which other novels did she write?

Answer: Frankenstein and The Modern Prometheus

Explanation: Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus

Mary Shelley [SEP] Lake Geneva and "Frankenstein"

It was after midnight before they retired, and unable to sleep, she became possessed by her imagination as she beheld the "grim terrors" of her "waking dream", her ghost story: She began writing what she assumed would be a short story. With Percy Shelley's encouragement, she expanded this tale into her first novel, "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus", published in 1818. She later described that summer in Switzerland as the moment "when I first stepped out from childhood into life". The story of the writing of "Frankenstein" has been fictionalised several times and formed the basis for a number of films.


Context: when was it created?

Context: Between 1829–46.

Context: did other people contribute to it?

Context: Yes, Mary Shelley

Context: who was she?

Context: She was an English novelist.

Context: where was she born?

Context: Somers Town, London

Context: do you know when?

Context: 30 August 1797

Context: who did she marry?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which other novels did she write?

Context: Frankenstein and The Modern Prometheus

Question: did she write short stories?

Answer: Yes, she frequently wrote short stories for gift books or annuals.

Mary Shelley [SEP] Short stories

In the 1820s and 1830s, Mary Shelley frequently wrote short stories for gift books or annuals, including sixteen for "The Keepsake", which was aimed at middle-class women and bound in silk, with gilt-edged pages. Mary Shelley's work in this genre has been described as that of a "hack writer" and "wordy and pedestrian". However, critic Charlotte Sussman points out that other leading writers of the day, such as the Romantic poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, also took advantage of this profitable market. She explains that "the annuals were a major mode of literary production in the 1820s and 1830s", with "The Keepsake" the most successful.


Context: when was it created?

Context: Between 1829–46.

Context: did other people contribute to it?

Context: Yes, Mary Shelley

Context: who was she?

Context: She was an English novelist.

Context: where was she born?

Context: Somers Town, London

Context: do you know when?

Context: 30 August 1797

Context: who did she marry?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which other novels did she write?

Context: Frankenstein and The Modern Prometheus

Context: did she write short stories?

Context: Yes, she frequently wrote short stories for gift books or annuals.

Question: and what about travelogues?

Answer: History of a Six Weeks' Tour

Explanation: History of a Six Weeks' Tour"

Mary Shelley [SEP] Travelogues

When they ran off to France in the summer of 1814, Mary Godwin and Percy Shelley began a joint journal, which they published in 1817 under the title "History of a Six Weeks' Tour", adding four letters, two by each of them, based on their visit to Geneva in 1816, along with Percy Shelley's poem "Mont Blanc". The work celebrates youthful love and political idealism and consciously follows the example of Mary Wollstonecraft and others who had combined travelling with writing. The perspective of the "History" is philosophical and reformist rather than that of a conventional travelogue; in particular, it addresses the effects of politics and war on France.