Context: who discovered this part of the cell?

Context: Richard Altmann

Context: who was he?

Context: which disease is caused in it?

Context: how is it related to culture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it produce any kind of heat?

Context: list some symptoms?

Context: Sensory abnormalities, unusual abilities, ranging from splinter skills such as the memorization of trivia to the extraordinarily rare talents of prodigious autistic savants, are some early indications.

Question: to what is it classified?

Answer: It is divided into syndromal and non-syndromal autism.

Explanation: Autism can also be divided into syndromal and non-syndromal autism; the syndromal autism is associated with severe or profound intellectual disability or a congenital syndrome with physical symptoms, such as tuberous sclerosis. Although individuals with Asperger syndrome tend to perform better cognitively than those with autism, the extent of the overlap between Asperger syndrome, HFA, and non-syndromal autism is unclear.

Autism [SEP] Classification

The terminology of autism can be bewildering, with autism, Asperger syndrome and PDD-NOS often called the "autism spectrum disorders" (ASD) or sometimes the "autistic disorders", whereas autism itself is often called "autistic disorder", "childhood autism", or "infantile autism". In this article, "autism" refers to the classic autistic disorder; in clinical practice, though, "autism", "ASD", and "PDD" are often used interchangeably. ASD, in turn, is a subset of the broader autism phenotype, which describes individuals who may not have ASD but do have autistic-like traits, such as avoiding eye contact. Autism can also be divided into syndromal and non-syndromal autism; the syndromal autism is associated with severe or profound intellectual disability or a congenital syndrome with physical symptoms, such as tuberous sclerosis.


Context: which of these processes takes place in the mitochondria of a cell

Context: They supply cellular energy, and control the cell cycle and cell growth.

Context: who discovered this part of the cell?

Context: Richard Altmann

Context: who was he?

Context: He was a German pathologist and histologist.

Context: can you tell me about the structure of the above cell part?

Context: It contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins.

Context: which disease is caused in it?

Context: Mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, heart failure and autism are some of them.

Context: how is it related to culture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it produce any kind of heat?

Context: The "proton leak" process results in the unharnessed potential energy of the proton electrochemical gradient that is released as heat.

Context: can you tell me what is the fourth disease refers to?

Context: It is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior.

Context: list some symptoms?

Context: to what is it classified?

Context: It is divided into syndromal and non-syndromal autism.

Question: how it can be prevented?

Answer: Vaccination against rubella can help in prevention.

Explanation: While infection with rubella during pregnancy causes fewer than 1% of cases of autism, vaccination against rubella can prevent many of those cases.

Autism [SEP] Prevention


Context: who discovered this part of the cell?

Context: Richard Altmann

Context: who was he?

Context: which disease is caused in it?

Context: how is it related to culture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it produce any kind of heat?

Context: list some symptoms?

Context: to what is it classified?

Context: how it can be prevented?

Context: Vaccination against rubella can help in prevention.

Question: is this a disease you mentioned just now?

Answer: Yes. It is an infection caused by the rubella virus.

Rubella [SEP] Introduction

Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus. This disease is often mild with half of people not realizing that they are infected. A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and last for three days. It usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. The rash is sometimes itchy and is not as bright as that of measles. Swollen lymph nodes are common and may last a few weeks. A fever, sore throat, and fatigue may also occur. In adults joint pain is common.


Context: who discovered this part of the cell?

Context: Richard Altmann

Context: who was he?

Context: which disease is caused in it?

Context: how is it related to culture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it produce any kind of heat?

Context: list some symptoms?

Context: to what is it classified?

Context: how it can be prevented?

Context: is this a disease you mentioned just now?

Context: Yes. It is an infection caused by the rubella virus.

Question: is there any movement carried out for the rights of the patients of the former disease?

Answer: Yes, "The Autism Rights Movement".

Autism [SEP] Autism rights movement

The autism rights movement is a social movement within the context of disability rights that emphasizes the concept of neurodiversity, viewing the autism spectrum as a result of natural variations in the human brain rather than a disorder to be cured. The autism rights movement advocates for including greater acceptance of autistic behaviors; therapies that focus on coping skills rather than on imitating the behaviors of those without autism, and the recognition of the autistic community as a minority group. Autism rights or neurodiversity advocates believe that the autism spectrum is genetic and should be accepted as a natural expression of the human genome.


Context: who discovered this part of the cell?

Context: Richard Altmann

Context: who was he?

Context: which disease is caused in it?

Context: how is it related to culture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it produce any kind of heat?

Context: list some symptoms?

Context: to what is it classified?

Context: how it can be prevented?

Context: is there any movement carried out for the rights of the patients of the former disease?

Context: Yes, "The Autism Rights Movement".

Question: and what is that?

Answer: It is a social movement that views it as the disease in the human brain rather than a disorder to be cured.

Explanation: The autism rights movement is a social movement within the context of disability rights that emphasizes the concept of neurodiversity, viewing the autism spectrum as a result of natural variations in the human brain rather than a disorder to be cured.

Autism [SEP] Autism rights movement


Context: who discovered this part of the cell?

Context: Richard Altmann

Context: who was he?

Context: which disease is caused in it?

Context: how is it related to culture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it produce any kind of heat?

Context: list some symptoms?

Context: to what is it classified?

Context: how it can be prevented?

Context: Yes, "The Autism Rights Movement".

Context: and what is that?

Context: It is a social movement that views it as the disease in the human brain rather than a disorder to be cured.

Question: when was it started?

Answer: Late 1980s

Autism rights movement [SEP] 1980s–1990s: Autistic-run organizations, newsletters, and conferences

Jim Sinclair is credited as the first person to communicate the anti-cure or autism rights perspective in the late 1980s. In 1992, Sinclair co-founded the Autism Network International, an organization that publishes newsletters "written by and for autistic people." Other individuals involved in the creation of the ANI were Donna Williams and Kathy Grant, two autistic people who knew Sinclair through pen pal lists and autism conferences. The first issue of the ANI newsletter, "Our Voice", was distributed online in November 1992, to an audience of mostly neurotypical professionals and parents of young autistic children. The number of autistics in the organization slowly grew over the years, and ANI eventually became a communication network for like-minded autistics.


Context: who discovered this part of the cell?

Context: Richard Altmann

Context: who was he?

Context: which disease is caused in it?

Context: how is it related to culture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it produce any kind of heat?

Context: list some symptoms?

Context: to what is it classified?

Context: how it can be prevented?

Context: Yes, "The Autism Rights Movement".

Context: and what is that?

Context: when was it started?

Context: Late 1980s

Question: which day is celebrated as this disease day?

Answer: Various events include World Autism Awareness Day, Autism Sunday, Autistic Pride Day, Autreat, and others.

Autism [SEP] Society and culture

An autistic culture has emerged, accompanied by the autistic rights and neurodiversity movements. Events include World Autism Awareness Day, Autism Sunday, Autistic Pride Day, Autreat, and others. Organizations dedicated to promoting awareness of autism include Autistic Self Advocacy Network, Aspies For Freedom, Autism National Committee, and Autism Society of America. At the same time, some organizations, including Autism Speaks, have been condemned by disability rights organizations for exploitative practices, and for failing to support autistic people. Social-science scholars study those with autism in hopes to learn more about "autism as a culture, transcultural comparisons... and research on social movements." While most autistic individuals do not have savant skills, many have been successful in their fields.


Context: who discovered this part of the cell?

Context: Richard Altmann

Context: who was he?

Context: which disease is caused in it?

Context: how is it related to culture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it produce any kind of heat?

Context: list some symptoms?

Context: to what is it classified?

Context: how it can be prevented?

Context: Yes, "The Autism Rights Movement".

Context: and what is that?

Context: when was it started?

Context: Late 1980s

Context: which day is celebrated as this disease day?

Context: Various events include World Autism Awareness Day, Autism Sunday, Autistic Pride Day, Autreat, and others.

Question: can you name some notable personalities associated with this movement?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Autism [SEP] Society and culture


Context: which of these processes takes place in the mitochondria of a cell

Context: They supply cellular energy, and control the cell cycle and cell growth.

Context: who discovered this part of the cell?

Context: Richard Altmann

Context: who was he?

Context: He was a German pathologist and histologist.

Context: can you tell me about the structure of the above cell part?

Context: It contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins.

Context: which disease is caused in it?

Context: Mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, heart failure and autism are some of them.

Context: how is it related to culture?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does it produce any kind of heat?

Context: The "proton leak" process results in the unharnessed potential energy of the proton electrochemical gradient that is released as heat.

Context: can you tell me what is the fourth disease refers to?

Context: It is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior.

Context: list some symptoms?

Context: Sensory abnormalities, unusual abilities, ranging from splinter skills such as the memorization of trivia to the extraordinarily rare talents of prodigious autistic savants, are some early indications.

Context: to what is it classified?

Context: It is divided into syndromal and non-syndromal autism.

Context: how it can be prevented?

Context: Vaccination against rubella can help in prevention.

Context: is this a disease you mentioned just now?

Context: Yes. It is an infection caused by the rubella virus.

Context: is there any movement carried out for the rights of the patients of the former disease?

Context: Yes, "The Autism Rights Movement".

Context: and what is that?

Context: It is a social movement that views it as the disease in the human brain rather than a disorder to be cured.

Context: when was it started?

Context: Late 1980s

Context: which day is celebrated as this disease day?

Context: Various events include World Autism Awareness Day, Autism Sunday, Autistic Pride Day, Autreat, and others.

Context: can you name some notable personalities associated with this movement?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the date of the sunday that is celebrated in this context?

Answer: The second Sunday of February.

Autism rights movement [SEP] Autism Sunday

Autism Sunday is a global Christian event, observed on the second Sunday of February. It is supported by church leaders and organisations around the world. The event started as a small idea in the front room of British autism campaigners, Ivan and Charika Corea. It is now a huge event celebrated in many countries. Autism Sunday was launched in London in 2002 with a historic service at St. Paul's Cathedral.


Question: where is e used in the real world

Answer: Apart from its presence in the alphabetic order, it is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828

E (mathematical constant) [SEP] Introduction

The number , known as Euler's number, is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828, and can be characterized in many ways. It is the base of the natural logarithm. It is the limit of as approaches infinity, an expression that arises in the study of compound interest. It can also be calculated as the sum of the infinite series It is also the unique positive number such that the graph of the function has unit slope at . The (natural) exponential function is the unique function which is equal to its own derivative, with the initial value (and hence one may define as ).


Context: where is e used in the real world

Context: Apart from its presence in the alphabetic order, it is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828

Question: how is it associated with trials of bernoulli?

Answer: With regard to its application in probability theory, it is an example of a Bernoulli trial process.

Explanation:
The number itself also has applications in probability theory, in a way that is not obviously related to exponential growth. Suppose that a gambler plays a slot machine that pays out with a probability of one in and plays it times. Then, for large , the probability that the gambler will lose every bet is approximately . For , this is already approximately 1/2.79.

This is an example of a Bernoulli trial process. Each time the gambler plays the slots, there is a one in "n" chance of winning. Playing "n" times is modeled by the binomial distribution, which is closely related to the binomial theorem and Pascal's triangle.

E (mathematical constant) [SEP] Bernoulli trials


Context: where is e used in the real world

Context: how is it associated with trials of bernoulli?

Context: With regard to its application in probability theory, it is an example of a Bernoulli trial process.

Question: what is this constant otherwise known as?

Answer: Euler's number

Explanation: The number , known as Euler's number, is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828, and can be characterized in many ways. It is the base of the natural logarithm.


Context: where is e used in the real world

Context: what is this constant otherwise known as?

Context: Euler's number

Question: what are its optimal planning problems?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

E (mathematical constant) [SEP] Optimal planning problems

A stick of length is broken into equal parts. The value of that maximizes the product of the lengths is then either The stated result follows because the maximum value of formula_13 occurs at formula_14 (Steiner's problem, discussed below). The quantity formula_13 is a measure of information gleaned from an event occurring with probability formula_16, so that essentially the same optimal division appears in optimal planning problems like the secretary problem.


Context: where is e used in the real world

Context: Euler's number

Context: what are its optimal planning problems?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what more can you tell me about the trial mentioned above?

Answer: It is a theory of probability and statistics based on the binomial theory where a random experiment can only have two outcomes-success or failure, and the probability of success is the same every time the experiment is carried out.

Bernoulli trial [SEP] Introduction

In the theory of probability and statistics, a Bernoulli trial (or binomial trial) is a random experiment with exactly two possible outcomes, "success" and "failure", in which the probability of success is the same every time the experiment is conducted. It is named after Jacob Bernoulli, a 17th-century Swiss mathematician, who analyzed them in his "Ars Conjectandi" (1713). The mathematical formalisation of the Bernoulli trial is known as the Bernoulli process. This article offers an elementary introduction to the concept, whereas the article on the Bernoulli process offers a more advanced treatment. Since a Bernoulli trial has only two possible outcomes, it can be framed as some "yes or no" question.


Context: where is e used in the real world

Context: Euler's number

Context: what are its optimal planning problems?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what more can you tell me about the trial mentioned above?

Context: It is a theory of probability and statistics based on the binomial theory where a random experiment can only have two outcomes-success or failure, and the probability of success is the same every time the experiment is carried out.

Question: is it named after anyone?

Answer: Yes, after a 17th century Swiss mathematician named Jacob Bernoulli.

Explanation: It is named after Jacob Bernoulli, a 17th-century Swiss mathematician, who analyzed them in his "Ars Conjectandi" (1713).

Bernoulli trial [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is e used in the real world

Context: Euler's number

Context: what are its optimal planning problems?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it named after anyone?

Context: Yes, after a 17th century Swiss mathematician named Jacob Bernoulli.

Question: what are some of his important works?

Answer: He wrote a number of papers and a book titled "Ars Conjectandi".

Jacob Bernoulli [SEP] Introduction

Jacob Bernoulli (also known as James or Jacques; – 16 August 1705) was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He was an early proponent of Leibnizian calculus and sided with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz during the Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy. He is known for his numerous contributions to calculus, and along with his brother Johann, was one of the founders of the calculus of variations. He also discovered the fundamental mathematical constant . However, his most important contribution was in the field of probability, where he derived the first version of the law of large numbers in his work "Ars Conjectandi".


Context: where is e used in the real world

Context: Euler's number

Context: what are its optimal planning problems?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it named after anyone?

Context: what are some of his important works?

Context: He wrote a number of papers and a book titled "Ars Conjectandi".

Question: what is the book about?

Answer: It deals with combinatorics and mathematical probability and is considered to be the founding work on the law of large numbers.

Ars Conjectandi [SEP] Introduction

Ars Conjectandi (Latin for "The Art of Conjecturing") is a book on combinatorics and mathematical probability written by Jacob Bernoulli and published in 1713, eight years after his death, by his nephew, Niklaus Bernoulli. The seminal work consolidated, apart from many combinatorial topics, many central ideas in probability theory, such as the very first version of the law of large numbers: indeed, it is widely regarded as the founding work of that subject. It also addressed problems that today are classified in the twelvefold way and added to the subjects; consequently, it has been dubbed an important historical landmark in not only probability but all combinatorics by a plethora of mathematical historians.


Context: where is e used in the real world

Context: Euler's number

Context: what are its optimal planning problems?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it named after anyone?

Context: what are some of his important works?

Context: what is the book about?

Context: It deals with combinatorics and mathematical probability and is considered to be the founding work on the law of large numbers.

Question: when was it published?

Answer: 1713

Explanation: Ars Conjectandi (Latin for "The Art of Conjecturing") is a book on combinatorics and mathematical probability written by Jacob Bernoulli and published in 1713, eight years after his death, by his nephew, Niklaus Bernoulli.

Ars Conjectandi [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is e used in the real world

Context: Euler's number

Context: what are its optimal planning problems?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it named after anyone?

Context: what are some of his important works?

Context: what is the book about?

Context: when was it published?

Question: what were its contents?

Answer: Among other things, it contains his theory of permutations and combinations; the standard foundations of combinatorics today and subsets of the foundational problems now known as the twelvefold way.

Ars Conjectandi [SEP] Contents

Bernoulli's work, originally published in Latin is divided into four parts. It covers most notably his theory of permutations and combinations; the standard foundations of combinatorics today and subsets of the foundational problems today known as the twelvefold way. It also discusses the motivation and applications of a sequence of numbers more closely related to number theory than probability; these Bernoulli numbers bear his name today, and are one of his more notable achievements. The first part is an in-depth expository on Huygens' "De ratiociniis in aleae ludo". Bernoulli provides in this section solutions to the five problems Huygens posed at the end of his work.


Question: when were the first tombs built in the valley of the kings

Answer: 16th to 11th century BC

Explanation: 16th to 11th century BC

Valley of the Kings [SEP] Introduction

The Valley of the Kings ( ; ), also known as the Valley of the Gates of the Kings ( ), is a valley in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, rock-cut tombs were excavated for the pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt). The valley stands on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes (modern Luxor), within the heart of the Theban Necropolis. The wadi consists of two valleys, East Valley (where the majority of the royal tombs are situated) and West Valley.


Context: when were the first tombs built in the valley of the kings

Context: 16th to 11th century BC

Question: where is the valley located?

Answer: Egypt

Explanation: Egypt

Valley of the Kings [SEP] Introduction


Context: 16th to 11th century BC

Context: where is the valley located?

Context: Egypt

Question: which continent does the country belong to?

Answer: It is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia.

Egypt [SEP] Introduction

Egypt ( ; ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip (Palestine) and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia, and across the Mediterranean lie Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, although none share a land border with Egypt.


Context: 16th to 11th century BC

Context: where is the valley located?

Context: Egypt

Context: which continent does the country belong to?

Context: It is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia.

Question: does it have any museums in it?

Answer: The Egyptian Museum, the Egyptian National Military Museum, the Grand Egyptian Museum etc

Egypt [SEP] Museums

Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. The three main museums in Egypt are The Egyptian Museum which has more than 120,000 items, the Egyptian National Military Museum and the 6th of October Panorama.


Context: 16th to 11th century BC

Context: where is the valley located?

Context: Egypt

Context: does it have any museums in it?

Context: The Egyptian Museum, the Egyptian National Military Museum, the Grand Egyptian Museum etc

Question: can you list some tourism spots from the country?

Answer: The Giza Necropolis, the Gulf of Aqaba beaches, Safaga, Sharm el-Sheikh etc

Explanation: The Giza Necropolis

Egypt [SEP] Tourism

Tourism is one of the most important sectors in Egypt's economy. More than 12.8 million tourists visited Egypt in 2008, providing revenues of nearly $11 billion. The tourism sector employs about 12% of Egypt's workforce. Tourism Minister Hisham Zaazou told industry professionals and reporters that tourism generated some $9.4 billion in 2012, a slight increase over the $9 billion seen in 2011. The Giza Necropolis is one of Egypt's best-known tourist attractions; it is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence. Egypt's beaches on the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, which extend to over , are also popular tourist destinations; the Gulf of Aqaba beaches, Safaga, Sharm el-Sheikh, Hurghada, Luxor, Dahab, Ras Sidr and Marsa Alam are popular sites.


Context: 16th to 11th century BC

Context: where is the valley located?

Context: Egypt

Context: does it have any museums in it?

Context: can you list some tourism spots from the country?

Context: The Giza Necropolis, the Gulf of Aqaba beaches, Safaga, Sharm el-Sheikh etc

Question: what are the main dishes we can see here?

Answer: Kushari, ful medames, falafel, molokhiya etc

Explanation: kushari

Egypt [SEP] Cuisine

Egyptian cuisine is notably conducive to vegetarian diets, as it relies heavily on legume and vegetable dishes. Although food in Alexandria and the coast of Egypt tends to use a great deal of fish and other seafood, for the most part Egyptian cuisine is based on foods that grow out of the ground. Meat has been very expensive for most Egyptians throughout history, so a great number of vegetarian dishes have been developed. Some consider kushari (a mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni) to be the national dish. Fried onions can be also added to kushari. In addition, ful medames (mashed fava beans) is one of the most popular dishes.


Context: 16th to 11th century BC

Context: where is the valley located?

Context: Egypt

Context: does it have any museums in it?

Context: what are the main dishes we can see here?

Context: Kushari, ful medames, falafel, molokhiya etc

Question: which is the most popular sport here?

Answer: Football

Explanation: Football

Egypt [SEP] Sports

Football is the most popular national sport of Egypt. The Cairo Derby is one of the fiercest derbies in Africa, and the BBC picked it as one of the 7 toughest derbies in the world. Al Ahly is the most successful club of the 20th century in the African continent according to CAF, closely followed by their rivals Zamalek SC. They're known as the "African Club of the Century". With twenty titles, Al Ahly is currently the world's most successful club in terms of international trophies, surpassing Italy's A.C. Milan and Argentina's Boca Juniors, both having eighteen. The Egyptian national football team, known as the Pharaohs, won the African Cup of Nations seven times, including three times in a row in 2006, 2008, and 2010.


Context: 16th to 11th century BC

Context: where is the valley located?

Context: Egypt

Context: does it have any museums in it?

Context: which is the most popular sport here?

Context: Football

Question: where is it originated from?

Answer: Ancient China

Explanation: Chinese

Football [SEP] Ancient China

The Chinese competitive game "cuju" (蹴鞠), as stated by FIFA, is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence and appears in a military manual dated to the second and third centuries BC. It existed during the Han dynasty and possibly the Qin dynasty, in the second and third centuries BC. The Japanese version of "cuju" is "kemari" (蹴鞠), and was developed during the Asuka period. This is known to have been played within the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto from about 600 AD. In "kemari" several people stand in a circle and kick a ball to each other, trying not to let the ball drop to the ground (much like keepie uppie).


Context: 16th to 11th century BC

Context: where is the valley located?

Context: Egypt

Context: does it have any museums in it?

Context: which is the most popular sport here?

Context: Football

Context: where is it originated from?

Context: Ancient China

Question: can you name some of the clubs that play this game?

Answer: London's Gymnastic Society and The Foot-Ball Club

Explanation: London's Gymnastic Society

Football [SEP] Clubs

Sports clubs dedicated to playing football began in the 18th century, for example London's Gymnastic Society which was founded in the mid-18th century and ceased playing matches in 1796. The first documented club to bear in the title a reference to being a 'football club' were called "The Foot-Ball Club" who were located in Edinburgh, Scotland, during the period 1824–41. The club forbade tripping but allowed pushing and holding and the picking up of the ball. In 1845, three boys at Rugby school were tasked with codifying the rules then being used at the school. These were the first set of written rules (or code) for any form of football.


Context: 16th to 11th century BC

Context: where is the valley located?

Context: Egypt

Context: does it have any museums in it?

Context: which is the most popular sport here?

Context: Football

Context: where is it originated from?

Context: Ancient China

Context: can you name some of the clubs that play this game?

Context: London's Gymnastic Society and The Foot-Ball Club

Question: how do the balls used for this look like?

Answer: They had a regular pattern of hexagons and pentagons.

Football [SEP] Modern balls

The ball was to prove popular in early forms of football in the U.S. The iconic ball with a regular pattern of hexagons and pentagons (see truncated icosahedron) did not become popular until the 1960s, and was first used in the World Cup in 1970.


Question: where is nostrand avenue station (ind fulton street line) located?

Answer: Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York City

Nostrand Avenue station (IND Fulton Street Line) [SEP] Introduction

Nostrand Avenue is a two-level express station on the IND Fulton Street Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Nostrand Avenue and Fulton Street in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. It is served by the A train at all times and the C train at all times except late nights. The station was planned as part of the construction of the Independent Subway System (IND)'s Fulton Street Line. Construction of the station began around 1929, and it was opened to service on April 9, 1936. Several of the station's entrances were closed in the late 20th century due to crime.


Context: where is nostrand avenue station (ind fulton street line) located?

Context: Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York City

Question: what does the mentioned street line signify?

Answer: It is a rapid transit line of the IND Division of the New York City Subway.

IND Fulton Street Line [SEP] Introduction

The IND Fulton Street Line is a rapid transit line of the IND Division of the New York City Subway, running from the Cranberry Street Tunnel under the East River through all of central Brooklyn to a terminus in Ozone Park, Queens. The IND Rockaway Line branches from it just east of Rockaway Boulevard. The A train runs express during daytime hours and local at night on the underground portion of the line; it runs local on the elevated portion of the line at all times. The C train runs local on the underground portion of the line at all times except late nights.


Context: what does the mentioned street line signify?

Context: It is a rapid transit line of the IND Division of the New York City Subway.

Question: were there any accidents happened at the subway?

Answer: Yes - 64 major train accidents since 1918;  The 1995 Williamsburg Bridge crash; and  derailments have also taken place

Explanation: Despite the signal system, there have been at least 64 major train accidents since 1918, when a train bound for South Ferry smashed into two trains halted near Jackson Avenue on the IRT White Plains Road Line in the Bronx. Several accidents resulted when the train operator ran through red signals and rear-ended the subway train in front of it; this resulted from the signaling practice of "keying by", which allowed train operators to bypass red signals. The deadliest accident, the Malbone Street Wreck, occurred on November 1, 1918 beneath the intersection of Flatbush Avenue, Ocean Avenue, and Malbone Street (the latter of which is now Empire Boulevard) near the Prospect Park station of the then-BRT Brighton Line in Brooklyn, killing 93 people. As a result of accidents, especially more recent ones such as the 1995 Williamsburg Bridge crash, timer signals were installed. These signals have resulted in reduced speeds across the system. Accidents such as derailments are also due to broken e

New York City Subway [SEP] Train accidents


Context: were there any accidents happened at the subway?

Context: Yes - 64 major train accidents since 1918;  The 1995 Williamsburg Bridge crash; and  derailments have also taken place

Question: have they taken any measures to prevent terrorism in there?

Answer: Yes -  a Ferrara Fire Apparatus Hazardous Materials Response Truck went into service

Explanation: On July 22, 2005, in response to bombings in London, the New York City Transit Police introduced a new policy of randomly searching passengers' bags as they approached turnstiles. The NYPD claimed that no form of racial profiling would be conducted when these searches actually took place. The NYPD has come under fire from some groups that claim purely random searches without any form of threat assessment would be ineffectual. Donna Lieberman, Executive Director of the NYCLU, stated, "This NYPD bag search policy is unprecedented, unlawful and ineffective. It is essential that police be aggressive in maintaining security in public transportation. But our very real concerns about terrorism do not justify the NYPD subjecting millions of innocent people to suspicionless searches in a way that does not identify any person seeking to engage in terrorist activity and is unlikely to have any meaningful deterrent effect on terrorist activity." The searches were upheld by the United States Court

New York City Subway [SEP] Terrorism prevention


Context: have they taken any measures to prevent terrorism in there?

Context: Yes -  a Ferrara Fire Apparatus Hazardous Materials Response Truck went into service

Question: what is the speciality of nostalgia train?

Answer: Holiday Nostalgia Train operates on Sundays in November and December, from the first Sunday after Thanksgiving to the Sunday before Christmas Day. This train is made of vintage cars from the R1 through R9 series.

Explanation: Since 2003, the MTA has operated a Holiday Nostalgia Train on Sundays in November and December, from the first Sunday after Thanksgiving to the Sunday before Christmas Day. This train is made of vintage cars from the R1 through R9 series, which have been preserved by Railway Preservation Corp. and the New York Transit Museum. The route made all stops between Second Avenue in Manhattan and Queens Plaza in Queens via the IND Sixth Avenue Line and the IND Queens Boulevard Line. In 2011, the train operated on Saturdays instead of Sundays. In 2017, the train ran between Second Avenue and 96th Street.

New York City Subway [SEP] Holiday Nostalgia Train


Question: how did they do the tracking shot in wings

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Wings (1927 film) [SEP] Introduction

Wings is a 1927 American silent war film set during World War I, produced by Lucien Hubbard, directed by William A. Wellman, released by Paramount Pictures, and starring Clara Bow, Charles Rogers and Richard Arlen. Gary Cooper appears in a small role which helped launch his career in Hollywood. The film, a romantic action-war picture, was rewritten by scriptwriters Hope Loring and Louis D. Lighton from a story by John Monk Saunders to accommodate Bow, Paramount's biggest star at the time. Wellman was hired as he was the only director in Hollywood at the time who had World War I combat pilot experience, although Richard Arlen and John Monk Saunders had also served in the war as military aviators.


Context: how did they do the tracking shot in wings

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was this movie released ?

Answer: August 12, 1927

Explanation: The premiere was held at the Criterion Theater, in New York City, on August 12, 1927, and was screened for 63 weeks before being moved to second-run theaters. The original Paramount release of "Wings" was color tinted and had some sequences in an early widescreen process known as Magnascope, also used in the 1926 Paramount film "Old Ironsides". The original release also had the aerial scenes use the Handschiegl color process for flames and explosions. Some prints had synchronized sound effects and music, using the General Electric Kinegraphone (later RCA Photophone) sound-on-film process.

Wings (1927 film) [SEP] Release and reception

The combat scenes of the film were so realistic that one writer studying the film in the early 1970s was wondering if Wellman had used actual imagery of planes crashing to earth during World War I. One critic observed: "The exceptional quality of "Wings" lies in its appeal as a spectacle and as a picture of at least some of the actualities of flying under wartime conditions." Another wrote: "Nothing in the line of war pictures ever has packed a greater proportion of real thrills into an equal footage. As a spectacle, "Wings" is a technical triumph. It piles punch upon punch until the spectator is almost nervously exhausted".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this movie released ?

Context: August 12, 1927

Question: who produced this film ?

Answer: Lucien Hubbard

Explanation: Wings is a 1927 American silent war film set during World War I, produced by Lucien Hubbard, directed by William A. Wellman, released by Paramount Pictures, and starring Clara Bow, Charles Rogers and Richard Arlen.

Wings (1927 film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this movie released ?

Context: August 12, 1927

Context: who produced this film ?

Context: Lucien Hubbard

Question: name some of the leading cast members ?

Answer: Clara Bow, Charles Rogers and Richard Arlen

Explanation: Wings is a 1927 American silent war film set during World War I, produced by Lucien Hubbard, directed by William A. Wellman, released by Paramount Pictures, and starring Clara Bow, Charles Rogers and Richard Arlen. Gary Cooper appears in a small role which helped launch his career in Hollywood.

Wings (1927 film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this movie released ?

Context: August 12, 1927

Context: who produced this film ?

Context: Lucien Hubbard

Context: name some of the leading cast members ?

Context: Clara Bow, Charles Rogers and Richard Arlen

Question: any accolades won by this film ?

Answer: Yes - Academy Award for Best Picture and Best Engineering Effects for Roy Pomeroy for the year.

Explanation: "Wings" was entered in a number of categories and was the first film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture (then called "Best Picture, Production") and Best Engineering Effects for Roy Pomeroy for the year. It remains the only silent film to win Best Picture. "", which won "Unique and Artistic Production", was considered an equal top winner of the night but the following year, the Academy dropped the "Unique and Artistic Production" award and decided retroactively that the award won by "Wings" was the highest honor that could be awarded. The statuette, not yet known as the "Oscar", was presented by Douglas Fairbanks to Clara Bow on behalf of the producers, Adolph Zukor and B.P. Schulberg.

Wings (1927 film) [SEP] Accolades

On May 16, 1929, the first Academy Award ceremony was held at the Hotel Roosevelt in Hollywood to honor outstanding film achievements of 1927–1928. "Wings" was entered in a number of categories and was the first film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture (then called "Best Picture, Production") and Best Engineering Effects for Roy Pomeroy for the year. It remains the only silent film to win Best Picture. "", which won "Unique and Artistic Production", was considered an equal top winner of the night but the following year, the Academy dropped the "Unique and Artistic Production" award and decided retroactively that the award won by "Wings" was the highest honor that could be awarded.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this movie released ?

Context: August 12, 1927

Context: who produced this film ?

Context: Lucien Hubbard

Context: name some of the leading cast members ?

Context: any accolades won by this film ?

Context: Yes - Academy Award for Best Picture and Best Engineering Effects for Roy Pomeroy for the year.

Question: what is the main plot of this film ?

Answer: It is a romantic action-war film where Jack Powell and David Armstrong are vying for the attention of pretty Sylvia Lewis. Jack and David are shipped off to France to fight against Imperial Germany.

Explanation:
Jack Powell and David Armstrong are rivals in the same small American town, both vying for the attentions of pretty Sylvia Lewis. Jack fails to realize that "the girl next door", Mary Preston, is desperately in love with him. The two young men both enlist to become combat pilots in the Army Air Service. When they leave for training camp, Jack mistakenly believes Sylvia prefers him. She actually prefers David and lets him know about her feelings, but is too kindhearted to turn down Jack's affection.

Jack and David are billeted together. Their tent mate is Cadet White, but their acquaintance is all too brief; White is killed in an air crash the same day. Undaunted, the two men endure a rigorous training period, where they go from being enemies to best friends. Upon graduating, they are shipped off to France to fight against Imperial Germany.

Mary joins the war effort by becoming an ambulance driver. She later learns of Jack's reputation as the ace known as "The Shooting Star" and encou

Wings (1927 film) [SEP] Plot


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this movie released ?

Context: August 12, 1927

Context: who produced this film ?

Context: Lucien Hubbard

Context: name some of the leading cast members ?

Context: any accolades won by this film ?

Context: what is the main plot of this film ?

Context: It is a romantic action-war film where Jack Powell and David Armstrong are vying for the attention of pretty Sylvia Lewis. Jack and David are shipped off to France to fight against Imperial Germany.

Question: how was the movies reception ?

Answer: An immediate success

Explanation: "Wings" was an immediate success upon release and became the yardstick against which successive aviation films were measured for years thereafter, in terms of "authenticity of combat and scope of production". One of the reasons for its resounding popularity was the public infatuation with aviation in the wake of Charles Lindbergh's transatlantic flight. The Air Corps who had supervised production expressed satisfaction with the end product. The critical response was equally enthusiastic and the film was widely praised for its realism and technical prowess, despite a superficial plot, "an aviation picnic" as Gene Brown called it. The combat scenes of the film were so realistic that one writer studying the film in the early 1970s was wondering if Wellman had used actual imagery of planes crashing to earth during World War I. One critic observed: "The exceptional quality of "Wings" lies in its appeal as a spectacle and as a picture of at least some of the actualities of flying under warti

Wellman dedicated the film "to those young warriors of the sky whose wings are folded about them forever". A sneak preview was shown May 19, 1927, at the Texas Theater on Houston Street in San Antonio. The premiere was held at the Criterion Theater, in New York City, on August 12, 1927, and was screened for 63 weeks before being moved to second-run theaters. The original Paramount release of "Wings" was color tinted and had some sequences in an early widescreen process known as Magnascope, also used in the 1926 Paramount film "Old Ironsides". The original release also had the aerial scenes use the Handschiegl color process for flames and explosions.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this movie released ?

Context: August 12, 1927

Context: who produced this film ?

Context: Lucien Hubbard

Context: name some of the leading cast members ?

Context: any accolades won by this film ?

Context: what is the main plot of this film ?

Context: how was the movies reception ?

Context: An immediate success

Question: who was the first actor mentioned above ?

Answer: an American actress

Clara Bow [SEP] Introduction

Clara Gordon Bow (; July 29, 1905 – September 27, 1965) was an American actress who rose to stardom in silent film during the 1920s and successfully made the transition to "talkies" in 1929. Her appearance as a plucky shopgirl in the film "It" brought her global fame and the nickname "The It Girl". Bow came to personify the Roaring Twenties and is described as its leading sex symbol. Bow appeared in 46 silent films and 11 talkies, including hits such as "Mantrap" (1926), "It" (1927), and "Wings" (1927). She was named first box-office draw in 1928 and 1929 and second box-office draw in 1927 and 1930.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this movie released ?

Context: August 12, 1927

Context: who produced this film ?

Context: Lucien Hubbard

Context: name some of the leading cast members ?

Context: any accolades won by this film ?

Context: what is the main plot of this film ?

Context: how was the movies reception ?

Context: An immediate success

Context: who was the first actor mentioned above ?

Context: an American actress

Question: name some other movies she has acted in ?

Answer: It, Mantrap, Hoop-La

Explanation:
Clara Gordon Bow (; July 29, 1905 – September 27, 1965) was an American actress who rose to stardom in silent film during the 1920s and successfully made the transition to "talkies" in 1929. Her appearance as a plucky shopgirl in the film "It" brought her global fame and the nickname "The It Girl". Bow came to personify the Roaring Twenties and is described as its leading sex symbol.

Bow appeared in 46 silent films and 11 talkies, including hits such as "Mantrap" (1926), "It" (1927), and "Wings" (1927). She was named first box-office draw in 1928 and 1929 and second box-office draw in 1927 and 1930. Her presence in a motion picture was said to have ensured investors, by odds of almost two-to-one, a "safe return". At the apex of her stardom, she received more than 45,000 fan letters in a single month (January 1929).

Clara Bow [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this movie released ?

Context: August 12, 1927

Context: who produced this film ?

Context: Lucien Hubbard

Context: name some of the leading cast members ?

Context: any accolades won by this film ?

Context: what is the main plot of this film ?

Context: how was the movies reception ?

Context: An immediate success

Context: an American actress

Context: name some other movies she has acted in ?

Context: It, Mantrap, Hoop-La

Question: where was she born ?

Answer: Prospect Heights, Brooklyn at 697 Bergen Street

Clara Bow [SEP] Early life

Bow was born in Prospect Heights, Brooklyn at 697 Bergen Street, in a "bleak, sparsely furnished room above [a] dilapidated Baptist Church". Her birth year, according to the US Censuses of 1910 and 1920, was 1905. The 1930 census indicates 1906 and on her gravestone of 1965, the inscription says 1907, but 1905 is the accepted year by a majority of sources. Bow was her parents' third child, but her two older sisters, born in 1903 and 1904, had died in infancy. Her mother, Sarah Frances Bow (née Gordon, 1880–1923), was told by a doctor not to become pregnant again, for fear the next baby might die as well.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this movie released ?

Context: August 12, 1927

Context: who produced this film ?

Context: Lucien Hubbard

Context: name some of the leading cast members ?

Context: any accolades won by this film ?

Context: what is the main plot of this film ?

Context: how was the movies reception ?

Context: An immediate success

Context: an American actress

Context: It, Mantrap, Hoop-La

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Prospect Heights, Brooklyn at 697 Bergen Street

Question: did she have any health issues ?

Answer: Yes - diagnosed with schizophrenia, chronic insomnia and diffuse abdominal pains

Explanation:
Bow eventually began showing symptoms of psychiatric illness. She became socially withdrawn, and although she refused to socialize with her husband, she also refused to let him leave the house alone. In 1944, while Bell was running for the U.S. House of Representatives, Bow tried to commit suicide. A note was found in which Bow stated she preferred death to a public life.

In 1949, she checked into the Institute of Living to be treated for her chronic insomnia and diffuse abdominal pains. Shock treatment was tried and numerous psychological tests performed. Bow's IQ was measured "bright normal", while others claimed she was unable to reason, had poor judgment and displayed inappropriate or even bizarre behavior. Her pains were considered delusional and she was diagnosed with schizophrenia; however, she experienced neither auditory nor visual hallucinations. Analysts tied the onset of the illness, as well as her insomnia, to the "butcher knife episode" back in 1922, but Bow rejected psy

Clara Bow [SEP] Health issues


Question: how many times has the host nation won the world cup

Answer: Brazil has won five times.

FIFA World Cup [SEP] Introduction

In the tournament phase, 32 teams, including the automatically qualifying host nation(s), compete for the title at venues within the host nation(s) over about a month. The 21 World Cup tournaments have been won by eight national teams. Brazil have won five times, and they are the only team to have played in every tournament. The other World Cup winners are Germany and Italy, with four titles each; Argentina, France, and inaugural winner Uruguay, with two titles each; and England and Spain, with one title each.


Context: how many times has the host nation won the world cup

Context: Brazil has won five times.

Question: what sports is the cup related to?

Answer: Football

FIFA World Cup [SEP] Introduction

The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the "" (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia. The current format involves a qualification phase, which takes place over the preceding three years, to determine which teams qualify for the tournament phase.


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Question: when did this cup begin?

Answer: 1930

Explanation: The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War.

FIFA World Cup [SEP] Introduction


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Question: which organization arranges this tournament?

Answer: FIFA

FIFA World Cup [SEP] Introduction


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: which organization arranges this tournament?

Context: FIFA

Question: what is the eligibility criteria to compete for this cup?

Answer: A qualifying tournament is played.

FIFA World Cup [SEP] Qualification

Since the second World Cup in 1934, qualifying tournaments have been held to thin the field for the final tournament. They are held within the six FIFA continental zones (Africa, Asia, North and Central America and Caribbean, South America, Oceania, and Europe), overseen by their respective confederations. For each tournament, FIFA decides the number of places awarded to each of the continental zones beforehand, generally based on the relative strength of the confederations' teams. The qualification process can start as early as almost three years before the final tournament and last over a two-year period. The formats of the qualification tournaments differ between confederations.


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: FIFA

Context: what is the eligibility criteria to compete for this cup?

Context: A qualifying tournament is played.

Question: did it face any corruption issues?

Answer: Yes, in 2015 it faced allegations and criminal charges of bribery, fraud and money laundering.

Explanation: By May 2015, the games were under a particularly dark cloud because of the 2015 FIFA corruption case, allegations and criminal charges of bribery, fraud and money laundering to corrupt the issuing of media and marketing rights (rigged bids) for FIFA games, with FIFA officials accused of taking bribes totaling more than $150 million over 24 years.

FIFA World Cup [SEP] 2015 FIFA corruption case

Then-secretary general Jérôme Valcke stated, "Due to the situation, I think it's nonsense to start any bidding process for the time being." On 28 October 2015, Blatter and FIFA VP Michel Platini, a potential candidate for presidency, were suspended for 90 days; both maintained their innocence in statements made to the news media. On 3 December 2015 two FIFA vice-presidents were arrested on suspicion of bribery in the same Zurich hotel where seven FIFA officials had been arrested in May. An additional 16 indictments by the US Department of Justice were announced on the same day.


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: FIFA

Context: A qualifying tournament is played.

Context: did it face any corruption issues?

Context: Yes, in 2015 it faced allegations and criminal charges of bribery, fraud and money laundering.

Question: where was the first world cup held?

Answer: Uruguay

FIFA World Cup [SEP] World Cups before World War II

Due to the success of the Olympic football tournaments, FIFA, with President Jules Rimet as the driving force, again started looking at staging its own international tournament outside of the Olympics. On 28 May 1928, the FIFA Congress in Amsterdam decided to stage a world championship itself. With Uruguay now two-time official football world champions and to celebrate their centenary of independence in 1930, FIFA named Uruguay as the host country of the inaugural World Cup tournament. The national associations of selected nations were invited to send a team, but the choice of Uruguay as a venue for the competition meant a long and costly trip across the Atlantic Ocean for European sides.


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: FIFA

Context: A qualifying tournament is played.

Context: did it face any corruption issues?

Context: where was the first world cup held?

Context: Uruguay

Question: can you mention any geographical feature of this country?

Answer: Its highest point is the Cerro Catedral, whose peak reaches AMSL in the "Sierra Carapé" hill range.

Uruguay [SEP] Geography

The highest point in the country is the Cerro Catedral, whose peak reaches AMSL in the "Sierra Carapé" hill range. To the southwest is the Río de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border).


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: FIFA

Context: A qualifying tournament is played.

Context: did it face any corruption issues?

Context: where was the first world cup held?

Context: Uruguay

Context: can you mention any geographical feature of this country?

Context: Its highest point is the Cerro Catedral, whose peak reaches AMSL in the "Sierra Carapé" hill range.

Question: how did this country get its name?

Answer: It is named after the namesake river.

Uruguay [SEP] Etymology

The name of the namesake river comes from the Spanish pronunciation of the regional Guarani word for it. There are several interpretations, including "bird-river" ("the river of the '", via Charruan, ' being a common noun of any wild fowl). The name could also refer to a river snail called "" ("Pomella megastoma") that was plentiful in the water. In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighbouring territories were called the Cisplatina and ' ("East Bank [of the Uruguay River]"), then for a few years the "Eastern Province". Since its independence, the country has been known as ', which literally means "the eastern republic of the Uruguay [River]".


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: FIFA

Context: A qualifying tournament is played.

Context: did it face any corruption issues?

Context: where was the first world cup held?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how did this country get its name?

Context: It is named after the namesake river.

Question: how is the country divided for administrative purposes?

Answer: It is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers.

Uruguay [SEP] Administrative divisions

Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system. The departmental executive authority resides in a superintendent and the legislative authority in a departmental board. Note:


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: FIFA

Context: A qualifying tournament is played.

Context: did it face any corruption issues?

Context: where was the first world cup held?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how did this country get its name?

Context: It is named after the namesake river.

Context: how is the country divided for administrative purposes?

Context: It is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers.

Question: what are the different forms of transport available here?

Answer: Port and Air transport.

Explanation: The Port of Montevideo, handling over 1.1 million containers annually, is the most advanced container terminal in South America. Its quay can handle vessels. Nine straddle cranes allow for 80 to 100 movements per hour. The port of Nueva Palmira is a major regional merchandise transfer point and houses both private and government-run terminals.

Uruguay [SEP] Transportation

The London-based magazine "Frontier" chose the Carrasco International Airport, serving Montevideo, as one of the best four airports in the world in its 27th edition. The airport can handle up to 4.5 million users per year. PLUNA was the flag carrier of Uruguay, and was headquartered in Carrasco. The Punta del Este International Airport, located from Punta del Este in the Maldonado Department, is the second busiest air terminal in Uruguay, built by the Uruguayan architect Carlos Ott it was inaugurated in 1997.


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: FIFA

Context: A qualifying tournament is played.

Context: did it face any corruption issues?

Context: where was the first world cup held?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how did this country get its name?

Context: It is named after the namesake river.

Context: what are the different forms of transport available here?

Context: Port and Air transport.

Question: does this country use sustainable forms of energy?

Answer: Yes, more than 97% of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy.

Uruguay [SEP] Green energy supply

More than 97% of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy. The dramatic shift, taking less than ten years and without government funding, lowered electricity costs and slashed the country's carbon footprint. Most of the electricity comes from hydroelectric facilities and wind parks. Uruguay no longer imports electricity. Uruguay will be potentially among the main winners after the global transition to renewable energy is completed and is ranked no. 6 out of 156 countries in the index of geopolitical gains and losses after energy transition (GeGaLo Index).


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: FIFA

Context: A qualifying tournament is played.

Context: did it face any corruption issues?

Context: where was the first world cup held?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how did this country get its name?

Context: It is named after the namesake river.

Context: Port and Air transport.

Context: does this country use sustainable forms of energy?

Context: Yes, more than 97% of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy.

Question: can you give a few examples of these energy sources?

Answer: Sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

Renewable energy [SEP] Introduction

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy often provides energy in four important areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, transportation, and rural (off-grid) energy services. Based on REN21's 2017 report, renewables contributed 19.3% to humans' global energy consumption and 24.5% to their generation of electricity in 2015 and 2016, respectively. This energy consumption is divided as 8.9% coming from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (modern biomass, geothermal and solar heat), 3.9% from hydroelectricity and the remaining 2.2% is electricity from wind, solar, geothermal, and other forms of biomass.


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: FIFA

Context: A qualifying tournament is played.

Context: did it face any corruption issues?

Context: where was the first world cup held?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how did this country get its name?

Context: It is named after the namesake river.

Context: Port and Air transport.

Context: can you give a few examples of these energy sources?

Context: Sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

Question: is there a market for such energy sources?

Answer: No

Explanation: Renewable power has been more effective in creating jobs than coal or oil in the United States. In 2016, employment in the sector increased 6 percent in the United States, causing employment in the non-renewable energy sector to decrease 18 percent. Worldwide, renewables employ about 8.1 million as of 2016.

Renewable energy [SEP] Market and industry trends


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: FIFA

Context: A qualifying tournament is played.

Context: did it face any corruption issues?

Context: where was the first world cup held?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how did this country get its name?

Context: It is named after the namesake river.

Context: Port and Air transport.

Context: is there a market for such energy sources?

Context: No

Question: do they have any adverse effect on the environment?

Answer: It depends on which energy source is being used.

Renewable energy [SEP] Environmental impact

The ability of biomass and biofuels to contribute to a reduction in emissions is limited because both biomass and biofuels emit large amounts of air pollution when burned and in some cases compete with food supply. Furthermore, biomass and biofuels consume large amounts of water. Other renewable sources such as wind power, photovoltaics, and hydroelectricity have the advantage of being able to conserve water, lower pollution and reduce emissions. The installations used to produce wind, solar and hydro power are an increasing threat to key conservation areas, with facilities built in areas set aside for nature conservation and other environmentally sensitive areas.


Context: Brazil has won five times.

Context: what sports is the cup related to?

Context: Football

Context: when did this cup begin?

Context: FIFA

Context: A qualifying tournament is played.

Context: did it face any corruption issues?

Context: where was the first world cup held?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how did this country get its name?

Context: It is named after the namesake river.

Context: Port and Air transport.

Context: No

Context: do they have any adverse effect on the environment?

Context: It depends on which energy source is being used.

Question: are there any controversies related to this?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Question: what is taapaca?

Answer: Holocene volcanic complex

Explanation: Taapaca is a Holocene volcanic complex

Taapaca [SEP] Introduction

Taapaca is a Holocene volcanic complex in northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region. Located in the Chilean Andes, it is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andean Volcanic Belt, one of four distinct volcanic chains in South America. The town of Putre lies at the southwestern foot of the volcano. Like other volcanoes of the Central Volcanic Zone, Taapaca formed from the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. It lies on the western margin of the Altiplano high plateau, on top of older volcanic and sedimentary units. Taapaca has mainly erupted dacite, in the form of numerous lava domes, although an andesitic stratovolcano is also present.


Context:
what is taapaca?
Holocene volcanic complex

Question: what is the origin of its name?

Answer: The term "tara paka" is Aymara for "two-headed eagle" or "winter (prey) bird"

Taapaca [SEP] Name

The term "tara paka" is Aymara for "two-headed eagle" or "winter (prey) bird", and Quechua for Andean eagle. It is also known as Nevados de Putre; sometimes "Nevados de Putre" is used to refer to the volcanic complex and "Taapaca" to its highest summit. The term "taapaca" may also be the origin of the term "tarapaca" and could be an Aymara name for the founder deity Viracocha. "Putre" in turn appears to mean "sound of falling water" in Aymara.


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: The term "tara paka" is Aymara for "two-headed eagle" or "winter (prey) bird"

Question: where is it found?

Answer: Northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region

Explanation: Taapaca is a Holocene volcanic complex in northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region

Taapaca [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: Northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region

Question: was the above-mentioned country ever colonized?

Answer: Yes. By Spain

Chile [SEP] Spanish colonization

Although the Spanish did not find the extensive gold and silver they sought, they recognized the agricultural potential of Chile's central valley, and Chile became part of the Spanish Empire. Conquest took place gradually, and the Europeans suffered repeated setbacks. A massive Mapuche insurrection that began in 1553 resulted in Valdivia's death and the destruction of many of the colony's principal settlements. Subsequent major insurrections took place in 1598 and in 1655. Each time the Mapuche and other native groups revolted, the southern border of the colony was driven northward. The abolition of slavery by the Spanish crown in 1683 was done in recognition that enslaving the Mapuche intensified resistance rather than cowing them into submission.


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: was the above-mentioned country ever colonized?

Context: Yes. By Spain

Question: does it have any disputes regarding borders?

Answer: Yes. With Peru and Argentina

Explanation: There have been many arguments between Chileans and Peruvians since the 1800s because they both claim boundary coastal lines. Peruvians claim the Northern part of Chile, which is now South West of Peru. This is also known as the "triangulation" which was made to fix the boundary problem between Chile and Peru. The decisions were accomplished on 27 January 1839 by the International Court of Justice This became the War of the Pacific which was in the years 1879–1883. This conflict was caused by the mineral resources Chile had, Peruvians believed they belonged to them as well. Chile had to control sea shipping to Peru and sent out an army to invade Peru on 8 October 1879. The attempt was also made to The United States but failed badly in October 1880. There was a resistance between Peruvians and Chileans for a few years because they could not reach an agreement. The United States offered help with a treaty for both Peru and Chile, better known as the Treaty of Ancón. This was later signed

Chile [SEP] Border disputes with Peru and Argentina


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: Yes. By Spain

Context: does it have any disputes regarding borders?

Context: Yes. With Peru and Argentina

Question: what are the major flora in this country?

Answer: Several species of cacti, the hardy espinos, the Chilean pine, the southern beeches and the copihue

Explanation: On the slopes of the Andes, in addition to the scattered tola desert brush, grasses are found. The central valley is characterized by several species of cacti, the hardy espinos, the Chilean pine, the southern beeches and the copihue, a red bell-shaped flower that is Chile's national flower.

Chile [SEP] Flora and fauna

The cold temperatures and winds of the extreme south preclude heavy forestation. Grassland is found in Atlantic Chile (in Patagonia). Much of the Chilean flora is distinct from that of neighboring Argentina, indicating that the Andean barrier existed during its formation. Some of Chile's flora has an Antarctic origin due to land bridges which formed during the Cretaceous ice ages, allowing plants to migrate from Antarctica to South America.


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: Yes. By Spain

Context: Yes. With Peru and Argentina

Context: what are the major flora in this country?

Context: Several species of cacti, the hardy espinos, the Chilean pine, the southern beeches and the copihue

Question: historically, the monarchy of the colonizing country above belonged to which  religion?

Answer: Catholic

Explanation: Since the Kingdom of Granada was the last moorish kingdom in the peninsula, Valencia-born Pope Alexander VI gave them the title of the Catholic Monarchs.

Spanish Empire [SEP] Catholic Monarchs and origins of empire

Columbus unexpectedly encountered the western hemisphere, populated by peoples he named "Indians." Subsequent voyages and full-scale settlements of Spaniards followed, with gold beginning to flow into Castile's coffers. Managing the expanding empire became an administrative issue. The reign of Ferdinand and Isabella began the professionalization of the apparatus of government in Spain, which led to a demand for men of letters ("letrados") who were university graduates ("licenciados"), of Salamanca, Valladolid, Complutense and Alcalá. These lawyer-bureaucrats staffed the various councils of state, eventually including the Council of the Indies and Casa de Contratación, the two highest bodies in metropolitan Spain for the government of the empire in the New World, as well as royal government in The Indies.


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: Yes. By Spain

Context: Yes. With Peru and Argentina

Context: historically, the monarchy of the colonizing country above belonged to which  religion?

Context: Catholic

Question: what are the islands close to this country?

Answer: Canary Islands

Spanish Empire [SEP] Canary Islands

Portugal obtained several Papal bulls that acknowledged Portuguese control over the discovered territories, but Castile also obtained from the Pope the safeguard of its rights to the Canary Islands with the bulls "Romani Pontifex" dated 6 November 1436 and "Dominatur Dominus" dated 30 April 1437. The conquest of the Canary Islands, inhabited by Guanche people, began in 1402 during the reign of Henry III of Castile, by Norman nobleman Jean de Béthencourt under a feudal agreement with the crown. The conquest was completed with the campaigns of the armies of the Crown of Castile between 1478 and 1496, when the islands of Gran Canaria (1478–1483), La Palma (1492–1493), and Tenerife (1494–1496) were subjugated.


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: Yes. By Spain

Context: Yes. With Peru and Argentina

Context: Catholic

Context: what are the islands close to this country?

Context: Canary Islands

Question: are there any popular parks on these islands?

Answer: Yes. Teide National Park

Canary Islands [SEP] National parks

Four of Spain's thirteen national parks are located in the Canary Islands, more than any other autonomous community. Two of these have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites and the other two are part of Biosphere Reserves. The parks are: Teide National Park is the oldest and largest national park in the Canary Islands and one of the oldest in Spain. Located in the geographic centre of the island of Tenerife, it is the most visited national park in Spain. In 2010, it became the most visited national park in Europe and second worldwide. The park's highlight is the Teide volcano; standing at an altitude of , it is the highest elevation of the country and the third largest volcano on Earth from its base.


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: Yes. By Spain

Context: Yes. With Peru and Argentina

Context: Catholic

Context: Canary Islands

Context: are there any popular parks on these islands?

Context: Yes. Teide National Park

Question: describe the weather of this place briefly?

Answer: Subtropical and desertic

Canary Islands [SEP] Climate

The climate is subtropical and desertic, moderated by the sea and in summer by the trade winds. There are a number of microclimates and the classifications range mainly from semi-arid to desert. According to the Köppen climate classification, the majority of the Canary Islands have a hot desert climate represented as BWh. There also exists a subtropical humid climate which is very influenced by the ocean in the middle of the islands of La Gomera, Tenerife and La Palma, where the laurisilva forests grow. The climate of the Canary Islands has been said to be one of the best in the world, with temperatures mostly between .


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: Yes. By Spain

Context: Yes. With Peru and Argentina

Context: Catholic

Context: Canary Islands

Context: Yes. Teide National Park

Context: describe the weather of this place briefly?

Context: Subtropical and desertic

Question: are there any plants here that date back to prehistoric times?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Canary Islands [SEP] Climate


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: Yes. By Spain

Context: Yes. With Peru and Argentina

Context: Catholic

Context: Canary Islands

Context: Yes. Teide National Park

Context: Subtropical and desertic

Context: are there any plants here that date back to prehistoric times?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are the sea creatures found there?

Answer: Many species of shark, ray, moray eel

Canary Islands [SEP] Marine life

The marine life found in the Canary Islands is also varied, being a combination of North Atlantic, Mediterranean and endemic species. In recent years, the increasing popularity of both scuba diving and underwater photography have provided biologists with much new information on the marine life of the islands. Fish species found in the islands include many species of shark, ray, moray eel, bream, jack, grunt, scorpionfish, triggerfish, grouper, goby, and blenny. In addition, there are many invertebrate species, including sponge, jellyfish, anemone, crab, mollusc, sea urchin, starfish, sea cucumber and coral. There are a total of five different species of marine turtle that are sighted periodically in the islands, the most common of these being the endangered loggerhead sea turtle.


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: Yes. By Spain

Context: Yes. With Peru and Argentina

Context: Catholic

Context: Canary Islands

Context: Yes. Teide National Park

Context: Subtropical and desertic

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the sea creatures found there?

Context: Many species of shark, ray, moray eel

Question: what does the third species feed on?

Answer: Smaller fish, octopuses, squid, cuttlefish and crustaceans

Moray eel [SEP] Feeding behavior

Morays are opportunistic, carnivorous predators and feed primarily on smaller fish, octopuses, squid, cuttlefish and crustaceans. Groupers, barracudas and sea snakes are among their few known predators, making many morays (especially the larger species) apex predators in their ecosystems.


Context: what is taapaca?

Context: Holocene volcanic complex

Context: what is the origin of its name?

Context: where is it found?

Context: Yes. By Spain

Context: Yes. With Peru and Argentina

Context: Catholic

Context: Canary Islands

Context: Yes. Teide National Park

Context: Subtropical and desertic

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the sea creatures found there?

Context: Many species of shark, ray, moray eel

Context: what does the third species feed on?

Context: Smaller fish, octopuses, squid, cuttlefish and crustaceans

Question: is it commonly affected by any poisonous substance?

Answer: They accumulate high levels of ciguatoxins and hence are not recommended for human consumption

Explanation: Moray eels, particularly the giant moray ("Gymnothorax javanicus") and yellow-edged moray ("G. flavimarginatus"), are known to accumulate high levels of ciguatoxins, unlike other reef fish. Ciguatera poisoning is characterised by neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular problems. In morays, the toxins are most concentrated in the liver. In an especially remarkable instance, 57 people in the Northern Mariana Islands were poisoned after eating just the head and half of a cooked "G. flavimarginatus". Thus, morays are not recommended for human consumption.

Moray eel [SEP] Ciguatera poisoning


Question: was the movie unbreakable based on a true story

Answer: When the writer conceived the idea for "Unbreakable", the outline had a comic book's traditional three-part structur

Unbreakable (film) [SEP] Production

When M. Night Shyamalan conceived the idea for "Unbreakable", the outline had a comic book's traditional three-part structure (the superhero's "birth", his struggles against general evil-doers, and the hero's ultimate battle against the "archenemy"). Finding the birth section most interesting, he decided to write "Unbreakable" as an origin story. During the filming of "The Sixth Sense", Shyamalan had already approached Bruce Willis for the lead role of David Dunn. With Willis and Samuel L. Jackson specifically in mind for the two leading characters, Shyamalan began to write "Unbreakable" as a spec script during post-production on "The Sixth Sense". Jackson recalled meeting Willis in a casino in Casablanca while he was on vacation prior to "Unbreakable"s production; Willis told Jackson that he had just finished filming for Shyamalan's "The Sixth Sense" and told Jackson about the new script that was written for both of them.


Context: was the movie unbreakable based on a true story

Context: When the writer conceived the idea for "Unbreakable", the outline had a comic book's traditional three-part structur

Question: what is the genre on which it is made?

Answer: American superhero thriller film

Unbreakable (film) [SEP] Introduction

Unbreakable is a 2000 American superhero thriller film written, produced, and directed by M. Night Shyamalan, and starring Bruce Willis, Samuel L. Jackson, Robin Wright Penn, Spencer Treat Clark, and Charlayne Woodard. It is the first installment in the "Unbreakable" film series a.k.a. Eastrail 177 Trilogy. In "Unbreakable", a security guard named David Dunn (Willis) survives a horrific train crash with no injuries, leading to him discovering that he harbors superhuman abilities, which in turn introduces him to comic book store owner Elijah Price (Jackson), who uses a wheelchair. Shyamalan organized the narrative of "Unbreakable" to parallel a comic book's traditional three-part story structure.


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Question: can you brief out the storyline?

Answer: A security guard named David Dunn survives a horrific train crash with no injuries, leading to him discovering that he harbors superhuman abilities, which in turn introduces him to comic book store owner Elijah Price, who uses a wheelchair.

Explanation: rst installment in the "Unbreakable" film series a.k.a. Eastrail 177 Trilogy. In "Unbreakable", a security guard named David Dunn (Willis) survives a horrific train crash with no injuries, leading to him discovering that he harbors superhuman abilities, which in turn introduces him to comic book store owner Elijah Price (Jackson), who uses a wheelchair.

Unbreakable (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Context: can you brief out the storyline?

Context: A security guard named David Dunn survives a horrific train crash with no injuries, leading to him discovering that he harbors superhuman abilities, which in turn introduces him to comic book store owner Elijah Price, who uses a wheelchair.

Question: what kind of superpowers does david hold?

Answer: He possesses super-strength, the ability to read the minds of others, particularly as they relate to acts of violence, by touching them. He has nigh-invulnerability that enables him to withstand traumas and shocks that would've killed a normal human.

David Dunn (character) [SEP] Powers and abilities

David Dunn possesses super-strength enough to rip off a car door, bench press 500 pounds, break down a steel door, bend metal bars, and hurl a grown man several feet with tremendous force. He has nigh-invulnerability that enables him to withstand traumas and shocks that would've killed a normal human. Additionally, David possesses the ability to read the minds of others, particularly as they relate to acts of violence, by touching them. He has demonstrated the ability to discover actions a person committed in the past (such as Price's sabotage of the train and the unnamed murderer's crimes) as well as potential/planned acts of violence (learning a man smuggled a gun into the sports stadium).


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Context: can you brief out the storyline?

Context: what kind of superpowers does david hold?

Context: He possesses super-strength, the ability to read the minds of others, particularly as they relate to acts of violence, by touching them. He has nigh-invulnerability that enables him to withstand traumas and shocks that would've killed a normal human.

Question: what references from the comics did the film bring?

Answer: The superhero's "birth", his struggles against general evil-doers, and the hero's ultimate battle against the "archenemy".

Unbreakable (film) [SEP] Production


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Context: can you brief out the storyline?

Context: what references from the comics did the film bring?

Context: The superhero's "birth", his struggles against general evil-doers, and the hero's ultimate battle against the "archenemy".

Question: who is his archenemy?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Unbreakable (film) [SEP] Production


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Context: can you brief out the storyline?

Context: who is his archenemy?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who created david's character?

Answer: M. Night Shyamalan

David Dunn (character) [SEP] Creation and casting

When M. Night Shyamalan conceived the idea for "Unbreakable", the outline had a comic book's traditional three-part structure: the superhero's "birth," his struggles against general evil-doers, and the hero's ultimate battle against the "archenemy." However, he found the origin story most interesting, and chose to write "Unbreakable" as one. Willis became attached while shooting "The Sixth Sense," also directed by Shyamalan.


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Context: can you brief out the storyline?

Context: who is his archenemy?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created david's character?

Context: M. Night Shyamalan

Question: what is he?

Answer: He is an American filmmaker, philanthropist and actor.

M. Night Shyamalan [SEP] Introduction

Manoj Nelliyattu "M. Night" Shyamalan ( ; born August 6, 1970) is an American filmmaker, philanthropist and actor. He is known for making films with contemporary supernatural plots and twist endings. He was born in Mahé, Pondicherry, India, and raised in Penn Valley, Pennsylvania. The cumulative gross of his films exceeds $3 billion globally. He made his directorial debut in 1992 with his first movie "Praying with Anger". His second movie was the comedy-drama film "Wide Awake" (1998). His most well-received films include the supernatural thriller "The Sixth Sense" (1999), the superhero thriller "Unbreakable" (2000), the science fiction thriller "Signs" (2002) and the period-piece thriller "The Village" (2004).


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Context: can you brief out the storyline?

Context: who is his archenemy?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created david's character?

Context: M. Night Shyamalan

Context: what is he?

Context: He is an American filmmaker, philanthropist and actor.

Question: what were his views on pop culture?

Answer: The British Film Institute (BFI) said that one of Shyamalan's challenges is presenting works that "(ask) for childlike wonder and rapt attention", seeking contemplation and childlike belief when popular culture has turned toward shorter attention spans with "snark and testosterone-fuelled arrested adolescence".

M. Night Shyamalan [SEP] Pop culture and racism

In 2013, the British Film Institute (BFI) said that one of Shyamalan's challenges is presenting works that "(ask) for childlike wonder and rapt attention", seeking contemplation and childlike belief when popular culture has turned toward shorter attention spans with "snark and testosterone-fuelled arrested adolescence". BFI also discussed the impact of racism on Shyamalan's career, pointing to frequent "'humorously' mangled rendering(s) of his apparently hard-to-pronounce second name." By 2017, "Vice" said that "Shamalamadingdong" had become the "agreed-upon mockery of his name". "Vice" also criticized mispronunciations of his name, pointing to a "Robot Chicken" sketch on Shyamalan that did so repeatedly. "Vice" also said there was no reason to have Shyamalan's character in the sketch speak with an accent when Shyamalan never has.


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Context: can you brief out the storyline?

Context: who is his archenemy?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created david's character?

Context: M. Night Shyamalan

Context: what is he?

Context: what were his views on pop culture?

Context: The British Film Institute (BFI) said that one of Shyamalan's challenges is presenting works that "(ask) for childlike wonder and rapt attention", seeking contemplation and childlike belief when popular culture has turned toward shorter attention spans with "snark and testosterone-fuelled arrested adolescence".

Question: has he been into charity?

Answer: The M. Night Shyamalan Foundation supports grassroots work by identifying and empowering emerging leaders in their communities removing the barriers created by poverty and inequality in their communities.

M. Night Shyamalan [SEP] Philanthropy

Shyamalan cofounded the M. Night Shyamalan Foundation with his wife, Dr. Bhavna Shyamalan, in 2001. The M. Night Shyamalan Foundation supports grassroots work by identifying and empowering emerging leaders in their communities removing the barriers created by poverty and inequality in their communities.


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Context: can you brief out the storyline?

Context: who is his archenemy?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created david's character?

Context: M. Night Shyamalan

Context: what is he?

Context: what were his views on pop culture?

Context: has he been into charity?

Context: The M. Night Shyamalan Foundation supports grassroots work by identifying and empowering emerging leaders in their communities removing the barriers created by poverty and inequality in their communities.

Question: has he been accused of anything?

Answer: Orson Scott Card has claimed that many elements of "The Sixth Sense" were plagiarized from his novel "Lost Boys", although he has said that enough had been changed that there was no point in suing.

M. Night Shyamalan [SEP] Plagiarism accusations

In 2003, a Pennsylvanian screenwriter named Robert McElhenney (no relation to "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" creator and producer, Rob McElhenney) sued Shyamalan, alleging similarities between "Signs" and McIlhinney's unpublished script "Lord of the Barrens: The Jersey Devil". In 2004, Margaret Peterson Haddix claimed that "The Village" has numerous similarities to her young adult novel "Running Out of Time" (1996), prompting discussions with publisher Simon & Schuster about filing a lawsuit. In response to both allegations, Disney and Shyamalan's production company Blinding Edge issued statements calling the claims "meritless". Orson Scott Card has claimed that many elements of "The Sixth Sense" were plagiarized from his novel "Lost Boys", although he has said that enough had been changed that there was no point in suing.


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Context: can you brief out the storyline?

Context: who is his archenemy?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created david's character?

Context: M. Night Shyamalan

Context: what is he?

Context: what were his views on pop culture?

Context: has he been into charity?

Context: has he been accused of anything?

Context: Orson Scott Card has claimed that many elements of "The Sixth Sense" were plagiarized from his novel "Lost Boys", although he has said that enough had been changed that there was no point in suing.

Question: who directed the film discussed above?

Answer: M. Night Shyamalan

Unbreakable (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Context: can you brief out the storyline?

Context: who is his archenemy?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created david's character?

Context: M. Night Shyamalan

Context: what is he?

Context: what were his views on pop culture?

Context: has he been into charity?

Context: has he been accused of anything?

Context: who directed the film discussed above?

Context: M. Night Shyamalan

Question: when was it released?

Answer: November 22, 2000

Unbreakable (film) [SEP] Introduction

After settling on the origin story, Shyamalan wrote the screenplay as a speculative screenplay with Willis already set to star in the film and Jackson in mind to portray Elijah Price. Filming began in April 2000 and was completed in July. "Unbreakable" was released on November 22, 2000. It received positive reviews, with critics praising its aesthetics, the performances, the emotional weight of the story, and the score by James Newton Howard. The film has subsequently gained a strong cult following. A deconstruction of the superhero genre, many regard it as one of Shyamalan's best films, and one of the best superhero films.


Context: what is the genre on which it is made?

Context: American superhero thriller film

Context: can you brief out the storyline?

Context: who is his archenemy?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created david's character?

Context: M. Night Shyamalan

Context: what is he?

Context: what were his views on pop culture?

Context: has he been into charity?

Context: has he been accused of anything?

Context: who directed the film discussed above?

Context: M. Night Shyamalan

Context: when was it released?

Context: November 22, 2000

Question: was there any sequal to it?

Answer: In 2000, Bruce Willis was quoted as hoping for an "Unbreakable" trilogy. In December 2000, Shyamalan denied rumors he wrote "Unbreakable" as the first installment of a trilogy, saying he was not even thinking about it.

Unbreakable (film) [SEP] Sequels

After the film's release, rumors of possible sequels began circulating in different interviews and in film fansites. In 2000, Bruce Willis was quoted as hoping for an "Unbreakable" trilogy. In December 2000, Shyamalan denied rumors he wrote "Unbreakable" as the first installment of a trilogy, saying he was not even thinking about it. In August 2001, Shyamalan stated that, because of successful DVD sales, he had approached Touchstone Pictures about an "Unbreakable" sequel, an idea Shyamalan said the studio originally turned down because of the film's disappointing box office performance. In a September 2008 article, Shyamalan and Samuel L. Jackson said there was some discussion of a sequel when the film was being made, but that it mostly died with the disappointing box office.


Question: who has the fastest hands in the west

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Gunfighter [SEP] Introduction

Gunslinger and gunfighter are words used historically to refer to people in the American Old West who had gained a reputation of being dangerous with a gun and had participated in gunfights and shootouts. Gunman was a more common term used for these individuals in the 19th and early 20th century. Today, the term "gunslinger" is more or less used to denote someone who is quick on the draw with a pistol, but can also refer to riflemen and shotgun messengers. The gunfighter is also one of the most popular characters in the Western genre and has appeared in associated films, video games, and literature.


Context:
who has the fastest hands in the west
UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the origin behind the term gunfighter?

Answer: The term "gun slinger" was used in the Western film "Drag Harlan" in 1920 and was soon adopted by other Western writers. Gunslinger and Gunfighter are words used in a similar sense.

Gunfighter [SEP] Origin of the term

The term "gun slinger" was used in the Western film "Drag Harlan" (1920). The word was soon adopted by other Western writers, such as Zane Grey, and became common usage. In his introduction to "The Shootist" (1976), author Glendon Swarthout says "gunslinger" and "gunfighter" are modern terms, and the more authentic terms for the period would have been "gunman", "pistoleer", "shootist," or "bad man" (sometimes written as "badman"). Swarthout seems to have been correct about "gunslinger", but the term "gunfighter" existed in several newspapers in the 1870s, and as such the term existed in the 19th century. Bat Masterson used the term "gunfighter" in the newspaper articles which he wrote about the lawmen and outlaws whom he had known.