Context: what episode do dwight and andy sing country roads

Context: In twenty-third episode of the fifth season of the television series "The Office"

Question: what is michael scott paper company?

Answer: The twenty-third episode of the fifth season of the television series "The Office", and the 95th overall episode of the series.

Michael Scott Paper Company [SEP] Introduction

"Michael Scott Paper Company" is the twenty-third episode of the fifth season of the television series "The Office", and the 95th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 9, 2009. In the episode, Michael, Pam and Ryan try to get their new paper company off the ground, but end up bickering among themselves due to the stress and cramped office space. Meanwhile, Jim tries to do a "rundown" for new boss Charles Miner without admitting he does not know what a rundown is, while Dwight and Andy compete for the affections of the new receptionist, Erin, played by Ellie Kemper.


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: The twenty-third episode of the fifth season of the television series "The Office", and the 95th overall episode of the series.

Question: when was this episode first aired?

Answer: April 9, 2009.


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Question: and where was it aired on?

Answer: NBC


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Question: what is the full form of it?

Answer: National Broadcasting Company

NBC [SEP] Introduction

The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network owned by NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, with additional major offices near Los Angeles (at 10 Universal City Plaza), Chicago (at the NBC Tower), and Philadelphia (at the Comcast Technology Center). NBC is one of the Big Three television networks, and is sometimes referred to as the "Peacock Network", in reference to its stylized peacock logo, introduced in 1956 to promote the company's innovations in early color broadcasting; it became the network's official emblem in 1979.


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Context: what is the full form of it?

Context: National Broadcasting Company

Question: who is the founder of this company?

Answer: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

NBC [SEP] Introduction

Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. At that time, the parent company of RCA was General Electric (GE). In 1932, GE was forced to sell RCA and NBC as a result of antitrust charges. In 1986, control of NBC passed back to General Electric (GE) through its $6.4 billion purchase of RCA. GE immediately began to liquidate RCA's various divisions, but retained NBC. After the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright became chief executive officer of NBC; he would remain in that position until his retirement in 2007, when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker.


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Context: what is the full form of it?

Context: National Broadcasting Company

Context: who is the founder of this company?

Context: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

Question: can you tell me about its golden age in short?

Answer: NBC became home to many of the most popular performers and programs on the air.

Explanation: NBC became home to many of the most popular performers and programs on the air. Bing Crosby, Al Jolson, Jack Benny, Edgar Bergen, Bob Hope, Fred Allen, and Burns and Allen called NBC home, as did Arturo Toscanini's NBC Symphony Orchestra, which the network helped him create. Other programs featured on the network included "Vic and Sade", "Fibber McGee and Molly", "The Great Gildersleeve" (arguably broadcasting's first spin-off program, from "Fibber McGee"), "One Man's Family", "Ma Perkins" and "Death Valley Days". NBC stations were often the most powerful, and some occupied unique clear-channel national frequencies, reaching hundreds or thousands of miles at night.

NBC [SEP] Defining radio's golden age


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Context: what is the full form of it?

Context: National Broadcasting Company

Context: who is the founder of this company?

Context: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

Context: can you tell me about its golden age in short?

Context: NBC became home to many of the most popular performers and programs on the air.

Question: did they also air programs for children?

Answer: Yes - Howdy Doody, The Flintstones, The Jetsons

Explanation: Children's programming has played a part in NBC's programming since its initial roots in television. NBC's first major children's series, "Howdy Doody", debuted in 1947 and was one of the era's first breakthrough television shows. From the mid-1960s until 1992, the bulk of NBC's children's programming was composed of mainly animated programming including classic "Looney Tunes" and "Woody Woodpecker" shorts; reruns of primetime animated sitcoms such as "The Flintstones" and "The Jetsons"; foreign acquisitions like "Astro Boy" and "Kimba the White Lion"; animated adaptions of "Punky Brewster", "ALF" and "Star Trek" as well as animated vehicles for Gary Coleman and Mr. T; live-action programs like "The Banana Splits", "The Bugaloos" and "H.R. Pufnstuf"; and the original broadcasts of "Gumby", "The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show", "Underdog", "The Smurfs", "Alvin and the Chipmunks" and "Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears". From 1984 to 1989, the network aired a series of public service anno

NBC [SEP] Children's programming


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Context: what is the full form of it?

Context: National Broadcasting Company

Context: who is the founder of this company?

Context: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

Context: did they also air programs for children?

Context: Yes - Howdy Doody, The Flintstones, The Jetsons

Question: can you name some characters of the twenty-third episode?

Answer: Michael Scott, Pam Beesly, Ryan Howard, Charles Miner, Dwight, Andy,  Erin

Explanation: Michael Scott (Steve Carell), Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer), and Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) are struggling to adjust to the work environment of the new Michael Scott Paper Company. The office space used to be a closet; water pipes run through the room, so they can hear the toilets flush from the Dunder Mifflin bathrooms above them. Ryan openly goofs off in front of Pam and Michael and insults both of them in their presence during phone conversations. Pam and Ryan bicker over who is responsible for making copies until Michael separates them into corners. Pam, who joined the company as a saleswoman, is given the corner where the photocopier sits. She is concerned that Michael will force her to be the receptionist, which is why she quit Dunder Mifflin in the first place. She goes upstairs and asks Charles Miner (Idris Elba) for her job back, but Charles has already given the job to a new employee, Kelly Hannon (Ellie Kemper), who ends up going by her middle name—Erin—to avoid confusion with K

Michael Scott Paper Company [SEP] Synopsis


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Context: what is the full form of it?

Context: National Broadcasting Company

Context: who is the founder of this company?

Context: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

Context: can you name some characters of the twenty-third episode?

Context: Michael Scott, Pam Beesly, Ryan Howard, Charles Miner, Dwight, Andy,  Erin

Question: who is the producer of this episode?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Context: what is the full form of it?

Context: National Broadcasting Company

Context: who is the founder of this company?

Context: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

Context: who is the producer of this episode?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who is the director of the television series?

Answer: It had different directors for different episodes. Some of them are Randall Einhorn, J.J. Abrams, Jon Favreau etc

The Office (American TV series) [SEP] Crew

Merchant later directed the episode "Customer Survey" while Gervais appeared in the episodes "The Seminar" and "Search Committee". Randall Einhorn is the most frequent director of the series, with 15 credited episodes. The series also had several guest directors, including "Lost" co-creator J.J. Abrams, "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" creator Joss Whedon, both of whom are fans of the series, and filmmakers Jon Favreau, Harold Ramis, Jason Reitman, and Marc Webb. Episodes have been directed by several of the actors on the show including Steve Carell, John Krasinski, Rainn Wilson, Ed Helms, and Brian Baumgartner.


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Context: what is the full form of it?

Context: National Broadcasting Company

Context: who is the founder of this company?

Context: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

Context: who is the producer of this episode?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the director of the television series?

Context: It had different directors for different episodes. Some of them are Randall Einhorn, J.J. Abrams, Jon Favreau etc

Question: where was the episode produced?

Answer: Deedle-Dee Productions, Shine America

Explanation: It was co-produced by Daniels's Deedle-Dee Productions, and Reveille Productions (later Shine America), in association with Universal Television. The original executive producers were Daniels, Howard Klein, Ben Silverman, Ricky Gervais, and Stephen Merchant, with numerous others being promoted in later seasons.

The Office (American TV series) [SEP] Introduction

Later seasons were criticized for a decline in quality, with many seeing Carell's departure in season seven as a contributing factor; however, the final season ended the series' run with a generally positive response. The series finale was viewed by an estimated 5.69 million viewers, after an hour-long series retrospective.


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Context: what is the full form of it?

Context: National Broadcasting Company

Context: who is the founder of this company?

Context: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

Context: who is the producer of this episode?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the episode produced?

Context: Deedle-Dee Productions, Shine America

Question: when did the first one start?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Office is an American mockumentary sitcom television series that depicts the everyday work lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. It aired on NBC from March 24, 2005, to May 16, 2013, lasting a total of nine seasons. It is an adaptation of the 2001–2003 BBC series of the same name, being adapted for American television by Greg Daniels, a veteran writer for "Saturday Night Live", "King of the Hill", and "The Simpsons". It was co-produced by Daniels's Deedle-Dee Productions, and Reveille Productions (later Shine America), in association with Universal Television.


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Context: what is the full form of it?

Context: National Broadcasting Company

Context: who is the founder of this company?

Context: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

Context: who is the producer of this episode?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the episode produced?

Context: Deedle-Dee Productions, Shine America

Context: when did the first one start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you name some other movies or episodes that were produced here other than the former one?

Answer: King of the Hill, Parks and Recreation

Deedle-Dee Productions [SEP] Introduction

Deedle-Dee Productions is a television production company owned by Greg Daniels. It is known for producing the long-running series "King of the Hill", "The Office" and "Parks and Recreation". The Deedle-Dee Productions logo is a blue screen with the company name written in fluorescent-colored letters (Occasionally the logo would be a black screen with the company name written in fluorescent-colored letters surrounded by similarly colored circles). These were drawn by Greg Daniels's daughter Haley.


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Context: what is the full form of it?

Context: National Broadcasting Company

Context: who is the founder of this company?

Context: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

Context: who is the producer of this episode?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the episode produced?

Context: Deedle-Dee Productions, Shine America

Context: when did the first one start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you name some other movies or episodes that were produced here other than the former one?

Context: King of the Hill, Parks and Recreation

Question: what kind of reviews did the episode receive?

Answer: Mostly positive reviews.

Michael Scott Paper Company [SEP] Reception

In its original American broadcast on April 9, 2009, "Michael Scott Paper Company" was watched by 8 million overall viewers, according to Nielsen ratings. The episode earned more ratings than "Dream Team", the other "Office" episode of the night, which had 7.2 million viewers. It also performed better than the "Parks and Recreation" pilot, which ran between the two "Office" episodes and had 6.8 million viewers. "Michael Scott Paper Company", as well as "Dream Team", had the most viewers in its time slot among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. The episode received mostly positive reviews. Travis Fickett of "IGN" said this and other recent episodes are "proving that the show has plenty of life in it and [that] "The Office" has still got it." He said the funniest element of the show was the emerging "bro-mance" between Dwight and Andy.


Context: what is michael scott paper company?

Context: when was this episode first aired?

Context: April 9, 2009.

Context: and where was it aired on?

Context: NBC

Context: what is the full form of it?

Context: National Broadcasting Company

Context: who is the founder of this company?

Context: Radio Corporation of America (RCA)

Context: who is the producer of this episode?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was the episode produced?

Context: Deedle-Dee Productions, Shine America

Context: when did the first one start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: King of the Hill, Parks and Recreation

Context: what kind of reviews did the episode receive?

Context: Mostly positive reviews.

Question: and what kind of cultural reference do we have for this episode?

Answer: John Denver's song 'Take Me Home Country Roads' ; Lady GaGa's song 'Just Dance'

Explanation: Dwight and Andy sing and perform the John Denver song "Take Me Home, Country Roads" while trying to impress the new receptionist. At one point, Toby is overheard through a vent discussing and praising the FX show "Damages" while on the phone in a bathroom. He said it is as good as anything on HBO, a premium television channel known for such shows as "The Sopranos", "Six Feet Under" and "The Wire". During the workday, Ryan watches a YouTube video of a rap music commercial for Flea Market Montgomery; the low-budget rap music advertisement for the Montgomery, Alabama flea market gained Internet fame. Michael uses Evite, social-planning website for creating online invitations, to invite people to his pancake luncheon. On a whiteboard, Michael writes a quote of himself quoting Wayne Gretzky, the popular ice hockey player who said "You miss 100% of the shots you don’t take" The new paper company office included Apple computers and a Nerf basketball hoop. During a phone conversation, Ryan sai

Michael Scott Paper Company [SEP] Cultural references


Question: who are the traditional owners of the crawley area

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Crawley [SEP] Introduction

Crawley () is a large town and borough in West Sussex, England. It is south of London, north of Brighton and Hove, and north-east of the county town of Chichester. Crawley covers an area of and had a population of 106,597 at the time of the 2011 Census. The area has been inhabited since the Stone Age, and was a centre of ironworking in Roman times. Crawley developed slowly as a market town from the 13th century, serving the surrounding villages in the Weald. Its location on the main road from London to Brighton brought passing trade, which encouraged the development of coaching inns.


Context: who are the traditional owners of the crawley area

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where is this area located?

Answer: West Sussex, England

Explanation: Crawley () is a large town and borough in West Sussex, England

Crawley [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this area located?

Context: West Sussex, England

Question: what type of service industries do they run?

Answer: Logistics, catering, distribution and warehousing

Crawley [SEP] Service industry and commerce

While most of the jobs created in the new town's early years were in manufacturing, the tertiary sector developed strongly from the 1960s. The Manor Royal estate, with its space, proximity to Gatwick Airport and good transport links, attracted airport-related services such as logistics, catering, distribution and warehousing; and the corporation and private companies built offices throughout the town. Office floorspace in the town increased from in 1965 to a conservative estimate of in 1984. Major schemes during that period included premises for the Westminster Bank British Caledonian and The Office of the Paymaster-General. The five-storey Overline House above the railway station, completed in 1968, is used by Crawley's NHS primary care trust and various other companies.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this area located?

Context: West Sussex, England

Context: what type of service industries do they run?

Context: Logistics, catering, distribution and warehousing

Question: can you name any renowned company from there?

Answer: Doosan Babcock Energy, WesternGeco, Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Holidays, William Reed Business Media

Companies headquartered in Crawley include Doosan Babcock Energy, WesternGeco, Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Atlantic's associated travel agency Virgin Holidays, William Reed Business Media, Dualit and the Office of the Paymaster-General. Danish company Novo Nordisk, which manufactures much of the world's insulin supply, has its UK headquarters at the Broadfield Business Park, and BDO Global has an office in Crawley. The UK headquarters of Nestlé is in the Manor Royal area of Crawley. In addition the registered offices of TUI UK and Thomson Airways are located in Crawley. British Airways took over British Caledonian's former headquarters near the Manor Royal estate, renamed it "Astral Towers" and based its British Airways Holidays and Air Miles divisions there.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this area located?

Context: West Sussex, England

Context: can you name any renowned company from there?

Context: Doosan Babcock Energy, WesternGeco, Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Holidays, William Reed Business Media

Question: what service is provided by the last company?

Answer: Business magazine and digital media company

William Reed Business Media [SEP] Introduction

William Reed Business Media is a business magazine and digital media company based the United Kingdom. In 2018 it has British offices in Crawley and London, and additional offices in Montpellier, France, Singapore and Chicago, United States.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this area located?

Context: West Sussex, England

Context: what service is provided by the last company?

Context: Business magazine and digital media company

Question: where are they based in?

Answer: Crawley and London, and additional offices in Montpellier, France, Singapore and Chicago, United States

Explanation: William Reed Business Media is a business magazine and digital media company based the United Kingdom. In 2018 it has British offices in Crawley and London, and additional offices in Montpellier, France, Singapore and Chicago, United States.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this area located?

Context: West Sussex, England

Context: where are they based in?

Context: Crawley and London, and additional offices in Montpellier, France, Singapore and Chicago, United States

Question: what is the magazine's name?

Answer: "The Grocer", "Wine Trade Review", "Brewers Journal", "Hop & Malt Trades Review", "Tobacco Trade Review"

Explanation:
In 1861 William Reed founded his own publishing company "William Reed Publishing" in London. With the contacts he had made working in the grocer industry and the knowledge he had gained, he launched his first journal, "The Grocer" in 1862, from his premises based in Bow Lane, London. "The Grocer" gave readers the latest news and analysis of the trade. A year later the "Wine Trade Review" launched as a supplement to "The Grocer".

By 1864, Reed targeted the brewing industry with "Brewers Journal", and its supplement, "Hop & Malt Trades Review" and in 1868 he had added "Tobacco Trade Review" to his company's magazine line up.

William Reed Business Media [SEP] Early history


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this area located?

Context: West Sussex, England

Context: where are they based in?

Context: what is the magazine's name?

Context: "The Grocer", "Wine Trade Review", "Brewers Journal", "Hop & Malt Trades Review", "Tobacco Trade Review"

Question: what does the first magazine deal with?

Answer: Grocery sales

Explanation: The Grocer is a British magazine devoted to grocery sales, published by William Reed Business Media. It has been published since 1862.

The Grocer [SEP] Introduction


Question: inside no 9 series 4 episode 6 cast

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Inside No. 9 [SEP] Introduction

Inside No. 9 is a British black comedy anthology television programme that first aired in 2014. It is written by Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton and produced by the BBC. Each 30-minute episode is a self-contained story with new characters and a new setting, and all star at least one (usually both) of Pemberton and Shearsmith. Aside from the writers, each episode has a new cast, allowing "Inside No. 9" to attract a number of well-known actors. The stories are linked only by the number 9 in some way and a brass hare statue that is in the background of all episodes.


Context:
inside no 9 series 4 episode 6 cast
UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was it first aired?

Answer: 2014

Explanation: Inside No. 9 is a British black comedy anthology television programme that first aired in 2014.

Inside No. 9 [SEP] Introduction


Context:
inside no 9 series 4 episode 6 cast
UNANSWERABLE
when was it first aired?
2014

Question: what is the plot of the series?

Answer: The stories are linked only by the number 9 in some way and a brass hare statue that is in the background of all episodes

Explanation: The stories are linked only by the number 9 in some way and a brass hare statue that is in the background of all episodes.

Inside No. 9 [SEP] Introduction


Context: inside no 9 series 4 episode 6 cast

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it first aired?

Context: what is the plot of the series?

Context: The stories are linked only by the number 9 in some way and a brass hare statue that is in the background of all episodes

Question: name some of the actors in it?

Answer: Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton

Explanation: Inside No. 9 is a British black comedy anthology television programme that first aired in 2014. It is written by Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton and produced by the BBC. Each 30-minute episode is a self-contained story with new characters and a new setting, and all star at least one (usually both) of Pemberton and Shearsmith

Inside No. 9 [SEP] Introduction


Context: inside no 9 series 4 episode 6 cast

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it first aired?

Context: what is the plot of the series?

Context: name some of the actors in it?

Context: Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton

Question: where was the first actor born?

Answer: Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire

Reece Shearsmith [SEP] Early life

Shearsmith was born in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire as Reeson Wayne Shearsmith and went to Andrew Marvell High School and then Bretton Hall College of Education.


Context: inside no 9 series 4 episode 6 cast

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it first aired?

Context: what is the plot of the series?

Context: name some of the actors in it?

Context: Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton

Context: where was the first actor born?

Context: Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire

Question: how's the weather of this place?

Answer: It generally has cool summers and relatively mild winters

East Riding of Yorkshire [SEP] Climate

The East Riding generally has cool summers and relatively mild winters. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season. The latitude of the area means that it is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts, bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in winter. Between depressions there are often small mobile anticyclones that bring periods of fair weather. In winter, anticyclones bring cold dry weather. In summer the anticyclones tend to bring dry settled conditions which can lead to drought, particularly on the Wolds. For its latitude this area is mild in winter and cooler in summer due to the influence of the Gulf Stream in the northern Atlantic Ocean.


Context: inside no 9 series 4 episode 6 cast

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it first aired?

Context: what is the plot of the series?

Context: name some of the actors in it?

Context: Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton

Context: where was the first actor born?

Context: Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire

Context: how's the weather of this place?

Context: It generally has cool summers and relatively mild winters

Question: when did the actor in discussion start his career?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

East Riding of Yorkshire [SEP] Climate


Context: inside no 9 series 4 episode 6 cast

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it first aired?

Context: what is the plot of the series?

Context: name some of the actors in it?

Context: Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton

Context: where was the first actor born?

Context: Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire

Context: how's the weather of this place?

Context: when did the actor in discussion start his career?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when and where was the second actor born?

Answer: He was born on 1 September 1967

Steve Pemberton [SEP] Introduction

Steven James Pemberton (born 1 September 1967) is an English actor, comedian and writer, best known as a member of "The League of Gentlemen" with Reece Shearsmith, Mark Gatiss, and Jeremy Dyson. Pemberton and Shearsmith also co-wrote and appeared in the sitcom "Psychoville" and the comedy-drama "Inside No. 9". His other television credits include "Doctor Who", "Benidorm", "Blackpool", "Shameless", "Whitechapel", "Happy Valley" and "Mapp and Lucia". Steve Pemberton is originally from Chorley, Lancashire and attended Saint Michaels Church of England High Scool, Chorley.


Context: inside no 9 series 4 episode 6 cast

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it first aired?

Context: what is the plot of the series?

Context: name some of the actors in it?

Context: Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton

Context: where was the first actor born?

Context: Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire

Context: how's the weather of this place?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when and where was the second actor born?

Context: He was born on 1 September 1967

Question: when did he start his acting career?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Steve Pemberton [SEP] Introduction


Context: inside no 9 series 4 episode 6 cast

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it first aired?

Context: what is the plot of the series?

Context: name some of the actors in it?

Context: Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton

Context: where was the first actor born?

Context: Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire

Context: how's the weather of this place?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: He was born on 1 September 1967

Context: when did he start his acting career?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what role did he play in the series in discussion?

Answer: No main role; any other role

Explanation: Though Pemberton and Shearsmith generally starred in each episode, they did not necessarily take on the main roles. Shearsmith explained this by saying that they "didn't write this for us to be in. We wrote the stories first then thought, could we be in them?" Pemberton appears in all episodes other than "The Harrowing", while Shearsmith appears in all episodes other than "Last Gasp".

Inside No. 9 [SEP] Cast


Question: which nationality of the slave community is discussed here?

Answer: Slavery in the United States.

The Slave Community [SEP] Introduction

The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South is a book written by American historian John W. Blassingame. Published in 1972, it is one of the first historical studies of slavery in the United States to be presented from the perspective of the enslaved. "The Slave Community" contradicted those historians who had interpreted history to suggest that African-American slaves were docile and submissive "Sambos" who enjoyed the benefits of a paternalistic master–slave relationship on southern plantations. Using psychology, Blassingame analyzes fugitive slave narratives published in the 19th century to conclude that an independent culture developed among the enslaved and that there were a variety of personality types exhibited by slaves.


Context: which nationality of the slave community is discussed here?

Context: Slavery in the United States.

Question: to what is this title given?

Answer: A book.

Explanation: The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South is a book written by American historian John W.

The Slave Community [SEP] Introduction


Context: Slavery in the United States.

Context: to what is this title given?

Context: A book.

Question: who is the author?

Answer: John W. Blassingame

Explanation: The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South is a book written by American historian John W. Blassingame.

The Slave Community [SEP] Introduction


Context: Slavery in the United States.

Context: to what is this title given?

Context: A book.

Context: who is the author?

Context: John W. Blassingame

Question: who are considered slaves in the country referred?

Answer: Legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and African Americans.

Slavery in the United States [SEP] Introduction

Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and African Americans, that existed in the United States of America from its founding in 1776 until passage of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865. Slavery was established throughout European colonization in the Americas. From early colonial days, it was practiced in Britain's colonies, including the Thirteen Colonies which formed the United States. Under the law, an enslaved person was treated as property and could be bought, sold, or given away. Slavery lasted in about half of U.S. states until 1865. As an economic system, slavery was largely replaced by sharecropping and convict leasing.


Context: Slavery in the United States.

Context: to what is this title given?

Context: A book.

Context: who is the author?

Context: John W. Blassingame

Context: who are considered slaves in the country referred?

Context: Legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and African Americans.

Question: which community do the latter belong to to?

Answer: An ethnic group of Americans.

African Americans [SEP] Introduction

African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of enslaved black people who are from the United States, while some recent black immigrants or their children may also come to identify as African-American or may identify differently. African Americans constitute the third largest ethnic group and the second largest racial group in the US, after White Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans. Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved peoples within the boundaries of the present United States.


Context: Slavery in the United States.

Context: to what is this title given?

Context: A book.

Context: who is the author?

Context: John W. Blassingame

Context: which community do the latter belong to to?

Context: An ethnic group of Americans.

Question: in which language do they converse?

Answer: African-American English

African Americans [SEP] Language

African-American English is a variety (dialect, ethnolect, and sociolect) of American English, commonly spoken by urban working-class and largely bi-dialectal middle-class African Americans. African-American English evolved during the antebellum period through interaction between speakers of 16th- and 17th-century English of Great Britain and Ireland and various West African languages. As a result, the variety shares parts of its grammar and phonology with the Southern American English dialect. Where African-American English differs from Standard American English (SAE) is in certain pronunciation characteristics, tense usage and grammatical structures that were derived from West African languages, particularly those belonging to the Niger-Congo family.


Context: Slavery in the United States.

Context: to what is this title given?

Context: A book.

Context: who is the author?

Context: John W. Blassingame

Context: An ethnic group of Americans.

Context: in which language do they converse?

Context: African-American English

Question: how different is it from the native dialect?

Answer: pronunciation characteristics, tense usage and grammatical structures.

Explanation: Where African-American English differs from Standard American English (SAE) is in certain pronunciation characteristics, tense usage and grammatical structures that were derived from West African languages, particularly those belonging to the Niger-Congo family.

African Americans [SEP] Language


Context: Slavery in the United States.

Context: to what is this title given?

Context: A book.

Context: who is the author?

Context: John W. Blassingame

Context: An ethnic group of Americans.

Context: in which language do they converse?

Context: African-American English

Context: how different is it from the native dialect?

Context: pronunciation characteristics, tense usage and grammatical structures.

Question: had they produced any literary works?

Answer: Yes

African Americans [SEP] Literature and academics

Many African-American authors have written stories, poems, and essays influenced by their experiences as African Americans. African-American literature is a major genre in American literature. Famous examples include Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, Richard Wright, Zora Neale Hurston, Ralph Ellison, Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison, and Maya Angelou. African-American inventors have created many widely used devices in the world and have contributed to international innovation. Norbert Rillieux created the technique for converting sugar cane juice into white sugar crystals. Moreover, Rillieux left Louisiana in 1854 and went to France, where he spent ten years working with the Champollions deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics from the Rosetta Stone.


Context: Slavery in the United States.

Context: to what is this title given?

Context: A book.

Context: who is the author?

Context: John W. Blassingame

Context: An ethnic group of Americans.

Context: in which language do they converse?

Context: African-American English

Context: had they produced any literary works?

Context: Yes

Question: can you name any two renowned authors?

Answer: Toni Morrison, and Maya Angelou.

Explanation: Famous examples include Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, Richard Wright, Zora Neale Hurston, Ralph Ellison, Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison, and Maya Angelou.


Context: Slavery in the United States.

Context: to what is this title given?

Context: A book.

Context: who is the author?

Context: John W. Blassingame

Context: An ethnic group of Americans.

Context: in which language do they converse?

Context: African-American English

Context: had they produced any literary works?

Context: Yes

Context: can you name any two renowned authors?

Context: Toni Morrison, and Maya Angelou.

Question: any famous work by the former?

Answer: Song of Solomon

Toni Morrison [SEP] Introduction

Chloe Anthony Wofford Morrison (born Chloe Ardelia Wofford; February 18, 1931 – August 5, 2019), known as Toni Morrison, was an American novelist, essayist, book editor, and college professor. Her first novel, "The Bluest Eye", was published in 1970. The critically acclaimed "Song of Solomon" (1977) brought her national attention and won the National Book Critics Circle Award. In 1988, Morrison won the Pulitzer Prize for "Beloved" (1987); she gained worldwide recognition when she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993. Born and raised in Lorain, Ohio, Morrison graduated from Howard University in 1953 with a B.A. in English.


Context: Slavery in the United States.

Context: to what is this title given?

Context: A book.

Context: who is the author?

Context: John W. Blassingame

Context: An ethnic group of Americans.

Context: in which language do they converse?

Context: African-American English

Context: had they produced any literary works?

Context: Yes

Context: can you name any two renowned authors?

Context: Toni Morrison, and Maya Angelou.

Context: any famous work by the former?

Context: Song of Solomon

Question: is it a novel or a drama?

Answer: Novel

Song of Solomon (novel) [SEP] Introduction

Song of Solomon is a 1977 novel by American author Toni Morrison, her third to be published. It follows the life of Macon "Milkman" Dead III, an :African-American man living in Michigan, from birth to adulthood. This novel won the National Book Critics Circle Award, was chosen for Oprah Winfrey's popular book club, and was cited by the Swedish Academy in awarding Morrison the 1993 Nobel Prize in literature. In 1998, the Radcliffe Publishing Course named it the 25th best English-language novel of the 20th century.


Context: Slavery in the United States.

Context: to what is this title given?

Context: A book.

Context: who is the author?

Context: John W. Blassingame

Context: An ethnic group of Americans.

Context: in which language do they converse?

Context: African-American English

Context: had they produced any literary works?

Context: Yes

Context: can you name any two renowned authors?

Context: Toni Morrison, and Maya Angelou.

Context: any famous work by the former?

Context: Song of Solomon

Context: is it a novel or a drama?

Context: Novel

Question: any novel which had earned her an award?

Answer: Beloved

Explanation: In 1988, Morrison won the Pulitzer Prize for "Beloved" (1987); she gained worldwide recognition when she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993.

Toni Morrison [SEP] Introduction


Context: Slavery in the United States.

Context: to what is this title given?

Context: A book.

Context: who is the author?

Context: John W. Blassingame

Context: An ethnic group of Americans.

Context: in which language do they converse?

Context: African-American English

Context: had they produced any literary works?

Context: Yes

Context: can you name any two renowned authors?

Context: Toni Morrison, and Maya Angelou.

Context: any famous work by the former?

Context: Song of Solomon

Context: is it a novel or a drama?

Context: Novel

Context: any novel which had earned her an award?

Context: Beloved

Question: with which award had she been honored?

Answer: Nobel Prize in Literature

Explanation: she gained worldwide recognition when she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993.

Toni Morrison [SEP] Introduction


Question: where is ancient egypt located on the map

Answer: North Africa.

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Introduction

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River, situated in the place that is now the country Egypt. Ancient Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes (often identified with Narmer). The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age.


Context: where is ancient egypt located on the map

Context: North Africa.

Question: who ruled there in early dynastic period?

Answer: Meni.

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Early Dynastic Period (c. 3050–2686 BC)

The Early Dynastic Period was approximately contemporary to the early Sumerian-Akkadian civilisation of Mesopotamia and of ancient Elam. The third-centuryBC Egyptian priest Manetho grouped the long line of kings from Menes to his own time into 30 dynasties, a system still used today. He began his official history with the king named "Meni" (or Menes in Greek) who was believed to have united the two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt. The transition to a unified state happened more gradually than ancient Egyptian writers represented, and there is no contemporary record of Menes. Some scholars now believe, however, that the mythical Menes may have been the king Narmer, who is depicted wearing royal regalia on the ceremonial "Narmer Palette," in a symbolic act of unification.


Context: North Africa.

Context: who ruled there in early dynastic period?

Context: Meni.

Question: what were the different social status levels there?

Answer: Farmers, artists and craftsmen, scribes and officials, priests, physicians, engineers and the nobility.

Explanation: Egyptian society was highly stratified, and social status was expressly displayed. Farmers made up the bulk of the population, but agricultural produce was owned directly by the state, temple, or noble family that owned the land. Farmers were also subject to a labor tax and were required to work on irrigation or construction projects in a corvée system. Artists and craftsmen were of higher status than farmers, but they were also under state control, working in the shops attached to the temples and paid directly from the state treasury. Scribes and officials formed the upper class in ancient Egypt, known as the "white kilt class" in reference to the bleached linen garments that served as a mark of their rank. The upper class prominently displayed their social status in art and literature. Below the nobility were the priests, physicians, and engineers with specialized training in their field. It is unclear whether slavery as understood today existed in ancient Egypt, there is difference

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Social status


Context: North Africa.

Context: Meni.

Context: what were the different social status levels there?

Context: Farmers, artists and craftsmen, scribes and officials, priests, physicians, engineers and the nobility.

Question: what natural resources did they have?

Answer: Stone, copper and lead ores, gold, and semiprecious stones.

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Natural resources

Egypt is rich in building and decorative stone, copper and lead ores, gold, and semiprecious stones. These natural resources allowed the ancient Egyptians to build monuments, sculpt statues, make tools, and fashion jewelry. Embalmers used salts from the Wadi Natrun for mummification, which also provided the gypsum needed to make plaster. Ore-bearing rock formations were found in distant, inhospitable wadis in the Eastern Desert and the Sinai, requiring large, state-controlled expeditions to obtain natural resources found there. There were extensive gold mines in Nubia, and one of the first maps known is of a gold mine in this region. The Wadi Hammamat was a notable source of granite, greywacke, and gold.


Context: North Africa.

Context: Meni.

Context: what natural resources did they have?

Context: Stone, copper and lead ores, gold, and semiprecious stones.

Question: what were the features of the architecture during that period?

Answer: Domestic dwellings were constructed from perishable materials such as mudbricks and wood while important structures such as temples and tombs that were intended to last forever were constructed of stone.

Explanation: The domestic dwellings of elite and ordinary Egyptians alike were constructed from perishable materials such as mudbricks and wood, and have not survived. Peasants lived in simple homes, w

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Architecture

In the New Kingdom, architects added the pylon, the open courtyard, and the enclosed hypostyle hall to the front of the temple's sanctuary, a style that was standard until the Greco-Roman period. The earliest and most popular tomb architecture in the Old Kingdom was the mastaba, a flat-roofed rectangular structure of mudbrick or stone built over an underground burial chamber. The step pyramid of Djoser is a series of stone mastabas stacked on top of each other. Pyramids were built during the Old and Middle Kingdoms, but most later rulers abandoned them in favor of less conspicuous rock-cut tombs. The use of the pyramid form continued in private tomb chapels of the New Kingdom and in the royal pyramids of Nubia.


Context: North Africa.

Context: Meni.

Context: what natural resources did they have?

Context: what were the features of the architecture during that period?

Context: Domestic dwellings were constructed from perishable materials such as mudbricks and wood while important structures such as temples and tombs that were intended to last forever were constructed of stone.

Question: did they trade with any other kingdoms?

Answer: Yes.

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Trade

The ancient Egyptians engaged in trade with their foreign neighbors to obtain rare, exotic goods not found in Egypt. In the Predynastic Period, they established trade with Nubia to obtain gold and incense. They also established trade with Palestine, as evidenced by Palestinian-style oil jugs found in the burials of the First Dynasty pharaohs. An Egyptian colony stationed in southern Canaan dates to slightly before the First Dynasty. Narmer had Egyptian pottery produced in Canaan and exported back to Egypt. By the Second Dynasty at latest, ancient Egyptian trade with Byblos yielded a critical source of quality timber not found in Egypt.


Context: North Africa.

Context: Meni.

Context: what natural resources did they have?

Context: did they trade with any other kingdoms?

Context: Yes.

Question: which ones?

Answer: Palestine, Nubia and Byblos.

Explanation:
ods not found in Egypt. In the Predynastic Period, they established trade with Nubia to obtain gold and incense. They also established trade with Palestine, as evidenced by Palestinian-style oil jugs found in the burials of the First Dynasty pharaohs. An Egyptian colony stationed in southern Canaan dates to slightly before the First Dynasty. Narmer had Egyptian pottery produced in Canaan and exported back to Egypt.

By the Second Dynasty at latest, ancient Egyptian trade with Byblos yielded a critical source of quality timber not found in Egypt. By the Fifth Dynasty, trade with Punt provided gold, aromatic resins, ebony, ivory, and wild anima

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Trade

By the Fifth Dynasty, trade with Punt provided gold, aromatic resins, ebony, ivory, and wild animals such as monkeys and baboons. Egypt relied on trade with Anatolia for essential quantities of tin as well as supplementary supplies of copper, both metals being necessary for the manufacture of bronze. The ancient Egyptians prized the blue stone lapis lazuli, which had to be imported from far-away Afghanistan. Egypt's Mediterranean trade partners also included Greece and Crete, which provided, among other goods, supplies of olive oil. In exchange for its luxury imports and raw materials, Egypt mainly exported grain, gold, linen, and papyrus, in addition to other finished goods including glass and stone objects.


Context: North Africa.

Context: Meni.

Context: what natural resources did they have?

Context: did they trade with any other kingdoms?

Context: Yes.

Context: which ones?

Context: Palestine, Nubia and Byblos.

Question: where is the last one situated?

Answer: Lebanon.

Byblos [SEP] Introduction

Byblos ( "Jubayl", locally "Jbeil"; ; , probably "Gubal") is the largest city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon. It is believed to have been first occupied between 8800 and 7000BC and continuously inhabited since 5000BC, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


Context: North Africa.

Context: Meni.

Context: what natural resources did they have?

Context: did they trade with any other kingdoms?

Context: Yes.

Context: which ones?

Context: Palestine, Nubia and Byblos.

Context: where is the last one situated?

Context: Lebanon.

Question: what are the levels of stratigraphy there?

Answer: There were five levels stratigraphy.

Byblos [SEP] Five levels stratigraphy

Prehistoric settlements at Byblos were divided up by Dunand into the following five periods, which were recently expanded and re-calibrated by Yosef Garfinkel to correlate with Tell es-Sultan (Jericho): The Early Neolithic was a later settlement than others in the Beqaa Valley such as Labweh and Ard Tlaili. It was located on the seaward slope of the larger of the two hills that used to compose ancient Byblos, with a watered valley in between. The original site spread down into the valley and covered an area of providing fertile soils and a protected landing place for boats. Dunand discovered around twenty houses although some of the settlement was suggested to have been lost to the sea, robbed or destroyed.


Context: North Africa.

Context: Meni.

Context: what natural resources did they have?

Context: did they trade with any other kingdoms?

Context: Yes.

Context: which ones?

Context: Palestine, Nubia and Byblos.

Context: where is the last one situated?

Context: Lebanon.

Context: what are the levels of stratigraphy there?

Context: There were five levels stratigraphy.

Question: which were they?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Byblos [SEP] Five levels stratigraphy


Question: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Answer: 70%

Sri Lankan Tamils [SEP] Introduction

Sri Lankan Tamils (,), also known as Eelam Tamils, Ceylon Tamils or simply Tamils, are members of the Tamil ethnic group native to the South Asian island state of Sri Lanka. Today, they constitute a majority in the Northern Province, live in significant numbers in the Eastern Province and are in the minority throughout the rest of the country. 70% of Sri Lankan Tamils in Sri Lanka live in the Northern and Eastern provinces. Modern Sri Lankan Tamils descend from residents of the Jaffna Kingdom, a former kingdom in the north of Sri Lanka and Vannimai chieftaincies from the east.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Question: since how long have they been living here?

Answer: Sri Lankan Tamils have a very long history in Sri Lanka and have lived on the island since at least around the 2nd century BCE.

Sri Lankan Tamils [SEP] Introduction

According to the anthropological and archaeological evidence, Sri Lankan Tamils have a very long history in Sri Lanka and have lived on the island since at least around the 2nd century BCE. Although Sri Lankan Tamils are culturally and linguistically distinct, genetic studies indicate that they are closely related to the Sinhalese ethnic group in the island. The Sri Lankan Tamils are mostly Hindus with a significant Christian population. Sri Lankan Tamil literature on topics including religion and the sciences flourished during the medieval period in the court of the Jaffna Kingdom. Since the beginning of the Sri Lankan Civil War in the 1980s, it is distinguished by an emphasis on themes relating to the conflict.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: since how long have they been living here?

Context: Sri Lankan Tamils have a very long history in Sri Lanka and have lived on the island since at least around the 2nd century BCE.

Question: are they genetically linked to other sri lankans?

Answer: Yes,  genetic studies indicate that they are closely related to the Sinhalese ethnic group in the island.

Explanation: Although Sri Lankan Tamils are culturally and linguistically distinct, genetic studies indicate that they are closely related to the Sinhalese ethnic group in the island.

Sri Lankan Tamils [SEP] Introduction


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: are they genetically linked to other sri lankans?

Context: Yes,  genetic studies indicate that they are closely related to the Sinhalese ethnic group in the island.

Question: which religion do they follow?

Answer: The Sri Lankan Tamils are mostly Hindus with a significant Christian population.

Explanation: The Sri Lankan Tamils are mostly Hindus with a significant Christian population.

Sri Lankan Tamils [SEP] Introduction


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: The Sri Lankan Tamils are mostly Hindus with a significant Christian population.

Question: was there any militancy related to them?

Answer: Yes, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)

Explanation: By the end of 1987, the militant youth groups had fought not only the Sri Lankan security forces and the Indian Peace Keeping Force also among each other, with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) eventually eliminating most of the others. Except for the LTTE, many of the remaining organisations transformed into either minor political parties within the Tamil National Alliance or standalone political parties. Some also function as paramilitary groups within the Sri Lankan military.

Sri Lankan Tamils [SEP] Rise of militancy

Since 1948, successive governments have adopted policies that had the net effect of assisting the Sinhalese community in such areas as education and public employment. These policies made it difficult for middle class Tamil youth to enter university or secure employment. The individuals belonging to this younger generation, often referred to by other Tamils as "the boys" ("Podiyangal" in Tamil), formed many militant organisations. The most important contributor to the strength of the militant groups was the Black July massacre, in which between 1,000–3,000 Tamils were killed, prompting many youths to choose the path of armed resistance. By the end of 1987, the militant youth groups had fought not only the Sri Lankan security forces and the Indian Peace Keeping Force also among each other, with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) eventually eliminating most of the others.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: was there any militancy related to them?

Context: Yes, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)

Question: what was its goal?

Answer: Its aim was to secure an independent state of Tamil Eelam

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam [SEP] Introduction

The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) (, , also known as the Tamil Tigers) was a Tamil militant organisation that was based in northeastern Sri Lanka. Its aim was to secure an independent state of Tamil Eelam in the north and east in response to the state policies of successive Sri Lankan governments that were widely considered discriminative towards the minority Sri Lankan Tamils, as well as the oppressive actions—including anti-Tamil pogroms in 1956 and 1958—carried out by the majority Sinhalese. Founded in May 1976 by Velupillai Prabhakaran, the LTTE was involved in armed clashes against the Sri Lankan government and armed forces.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: what was its goal?

Context: Its aim was to secure an independent state of Tamil Eelam

Question: were they declared as a terrorist organization?

Answer: Yes, 32 countries currently list the LTTE as a terrorist organisation.

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam [SEP] Proscription as a terrorist group

32 countries currently list the LTTE as a terrorist organisation. As of October 2019, these include: The first country to ban the LTTE was its brief one-time ally, India. The Indian change of policy came gradually, starting with the IPKF-LTTE conflict, and culminating with the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi. India opposes the new state Tamil Eelam that LTTE wants to establish, saying that it would lead to Tamil Nadu's separation from India, despite the leaders and common populace of Tamil Nadu considering themselves Indian. Sri Lanka itself lifted the ban on the LTTE before signing the ceasefire agreement in 2002.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: what was its goal?

Context: were they declared as a terrorist organization?

Context: Yes, 32 countries currently list the LTTE as a terrorist organisation.

Question: did they carry out any suicide attacks?

Answer: Yes, their mission included carrying out suicide attacks against enemy targets.

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam [SEP] Suicide attacks

One of the main divisions of LTTE included the Black Tigers, an elite fighting wing of the movement, whose mission included carrying out suicide attacks against enemy targets. From ancient times, the Tamil civilisation saw war as an honourable sacrifice, and fallen heroes were revered and worshiped in the form of a Hero stone. Heroic martyrdom was glorified in ancient Tamil literature. The Tamil kings and warriors followed an honour code similar to that of Japanese Samurais and committed suicide to save the honour. The Black Tigers wing of the LTTE is said to reflect some of these elements of Tamil martial traditions including the practice of the worship of fallen heroes (Maaveerar Naal) and martial martyrdom.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: what was its goal?

Context: did they carry out any suicide attacks?

Context: Yes, their mission included carrying out suicide attacks against enemy targets.

Question: did the assassinate anyone?

Answer: Yes, Ranasinghe Premadasa, Rajiv Gandhi

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam [SEP] Assassinations

The LTTE has been condemned by various groups for assassinating political and military opponents. The victims include Tamil moderates who coordinated with the Sri Lanka Government and Tamil paramilitary groups assisting the Sri Lankan Army. The assassination of the Sri Lankan president Ranasinghe Premadasa is attributed to LTTE. The seventh Prime Minister of the Republic of India, Rajiv Gandhi, was assassinated by an LTTE suicide bomber Thenmozhi Rajaratnam on 21 May 1991. On 24 October 1994, LTTE detonated a bomb during a political rally in Thotalanga-Grandpass, which killed most of the prominent politicians of the United National Party, including presidential candidate Gamini Dissanayake MP, Cabinet ministers Weerasinghe Mallimarachchi and G.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: what was its goal?

Context: did they carry out any suicide attacks?

Context: did the assassinate anyone?

Context: Yes, Ranasinghe Premadasa, Rajiv Gandhi

Question: who was the first person mentioned?

Answer: Sri Lankan president

Explanation: Sri Lankan president Ranasinghe Premadasa


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: what was its goal?

Context: did they carry out any suicide attacks?

Context: did the assassinate anyone?

Context: Yes, Ranasinghe Premadasa, Rajiv Gandhi

Context: who was the first person mentioned?

Context: Sri Lankan president

Question: was he impeached?

Answer: Yes, He  faced an impeachment in parliament led by his two formidable rivals in the UNP, Lalith Athulathmudali and Gamini Dissanayake.

Ranasinghe Premadasa [SEP] Impeachment

In September 1991, Premadasa faced an impeachment in parliament led by his two formidable rivals in the UNP, Lalith Athulathmudali and Gamini Dissanayake. He defeated it by adjourning Parliament and the Speaker Mohamed dismissed the impeachment stating a lack of signatures after several of the parliamentarians who supported it withdrew their support after facing threats. He then expelled Athulathmudali and Dissanayake from the party, who then joined to form the Democratic United National Front (DUNF). In 1992, he changed the country's name in English from Sri to Shri Lanka on the advice of soothsayers, who predicted it would improve the country's fortunes.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: what was its goal?

Context: did they carry out any suicide attacks?

Context: did the assassinate anyone?

Context: Yes, Ranasinghe Premadasa, Rajiv Gandhi

Context: who was the first person mentioned?

Context: Sri Lankan president

Context: was he impeached?

Context: Yes, He  faced an impeachment in parliament led by his two formidable rivals in the UNP, Lalith Athulathmudali and Gamini Dissanayake.

Question: when was he assassinated?

Answer: May 1, Saturday, 1993.

Ranasinghe Premadasa [SEP] Assassination

Ranasinghe Premadasa was killed along with 17 others on May 1, Saturday, 1993, around 12.45 p.m. during UNP's May day rally in Colombo, by an LTTE suicide bomber. The explosion took place at Armour Street-Grandpass Junction in Hulftsdorp, Colombo while President Premadasa was unofficially supervising the procession as it was heading towards the Galle Face Green from Sugathadasa Stadium. The suicide bomber was later identified as Kulaveerasingam Veerakumar alias 'Babu', a close friend of the President's valet E. M. P. Mohideen. He rode a bicycle towards the President, left it near the President's Range Rover and walked towards the President when security personnel attempted to stop him.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: what was its goal?

Context: did they carry out any suicide attacks?

Context: did the assassinate anyone?

Context: Yes, Ranasinghe Premadasa, Rajiv Gandhi

Context: who was the first person mentioned?

Context: Sri Lankan president

Context: was he impeached?

Context: when was he assassinated?

Context: May 1, Saturday, 1993.

Question: why was the second person mentioned above assassinated?

Answer: Gandhi was killed because of personal animosity by the LTTE chief Prabhakaran arising from his sending the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to Sri Lanka and the alleged IPKF atrocities against Sri Lankan Tamils.

Rajiv Gandhi [SEP] Aftermath

The Supreme Court judgement, by Justice K. T. Thomas, confirmed that Gandhi was killed because of personal animosity by the LTTE chief Prabhakaran arising from his sending the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to Sri Lanka and the alleged IPKF atrocities against Sri Lankan Tamils. The Gandhi administration had already antagonised other Tamil militant organisations like PLOTE for reversing the 1988 military coup in Maldives. The judgement further cites the death of Thileepan in a hunger strike and the suicide by 12 LTTE cadres in a vessel in Oct 1987. In the Jain Commission report, various people and agencies are named as suspects in the murder of Rajiv Gandhi.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: what was its goal?

Context: did they carry out any suicide attacks?

Context: did the assassinate anyone?

Context: Yes, Ranasinghe Premadasa, Rajiv Gandhi

Context: who was the first person mentioned?

Context: Sri Lankan president

Context: was he impeached?

Context: when was he assassinated?

Context: May 1, Saturday, 1993.

Context: why was the second person mentioned above assassinated?

Context: Gandhi was killed because of personal animosity by the LTTE chief Prabhakaran arising from his sending the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to Sri Lanka and the alleged IPKF atrocities against Sri Lankan Tamils.

Question: why was the force sent there?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Rajiv Gandhi [SEP] Aftermath


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: what was its goal?

Context: did they carry out any suicide attacks?

Context: did the assassinate anyone?

Context: Yes, Ranasinghe Premadasa, Rajiv Gandhi

Context: who was the first person mentioned?

Context: Sri Lankan president

Context: was he impeached?

Context: when was he assassinated?

Context: May 1, Saturday, 1993.

Context: why was the force sent there?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did the force consist of only indian army?

Answer: It was formed under the mandate of the 1987 Indo-Sri Lankan Accord that aimed to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan military.

Indian Peace Keeping Force [SEP] Introduction

Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was the Indian military contingent performing a peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990. It was formed under the mandate of the 1987 Indo-Sri Lankan Accord that aimed to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan military. The main task of the IPKF was to disarm the different militant groups, not just the LTTE. It was to be quickly followed by the formation of an Interim Administrative Council. These were the tasks as per the terms of the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord, signed at the behest of Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: what was its goal?

Context: did they carry out any suicide attacks?

Context: did the assassinate anyone?

Context: Yes, Ranasinghe Premadasa, Rajiv Gandhi

Context: who was the first person mentioned?

Context: Sri Lankan president

Context: was he impeached?

Context: when was he assassinated?

Context: May 1, Saturday, 1993.

Context: why was the force sent there?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the force consist of only indian army?

Context: It was formed under the mandate of the 1987 Indo-Sri Lankan Accord that aimed to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan military.

Question: what was india's foreign policy regarding this issue?

Answer: India vowed never to offer any military help to Sri Lanka.

Explanation: India vowed never to offer any military help to Sri Lanka again. This policy has not been changed since and no defence pact has been signed between India and Sri Lanka. India has never been directly involved in the peace talks between the LTTE and Sri Lanka but has supported Norway's efforts.

Indian Peace Keeping Force [SEP] India's foreign policy

The debacle that was IPKF's intervention in Sri Lanka is raised at times in Indian political discourse whenever the situation in Sri Lanka shows signs of deteriorating, and there is a question of intervening; or, in Sri Lankan politics (particularly by the LTTE), when it is proposed that India, or, more broadly, other foreigners, ought to have a role in promoting peace on the island nation. As a result, relations between India and Sri Lanka became extremely sour and India vowed never to offer any military help to Sri Lanka again. This policy has not been changed since and no defence pact has been signed between India and Sri Lanka.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: what was its goal?

Context: did they carry out any suicide attacks?

Context: did the assassinate anyone?

Context: Yes, Ranasinghe Premadasa, Rajiv Gandhi

Context: who was the first person mentioned?

Context: Sri Lankan president

Context: was he impeached?

Context: when was he assassinated?

Context: May 1, Saturday, 1993.

Context: why was the force sent there?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was india's foreign policy regarding this issue?

Context: India vowed never to offer any military help to Sri Lanka.

Question: the leader who was assassinated in this connection, did he face any assault before?

Answer: Yes, a day after Gandhi went to Sri Lanka and signed the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord, an honour guard named Vijitha Rohana hit him on his shoulder with his rifle.

Rajiv Gandhi [SEP] Assault by Sri Lankan guard

On 30 July 1987, a day after Gandhi went to Sri Lanka and signed the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord, an honour guard named Vijitha Rohana hit him on his shoulder with his rifle; Gandhi's quick reflexes saved him from injury. The guard was then dragged off by his security personnel. The guard said his intention was to kill Gandhi because of "the damage he had caused" to Sri Lanka. Wijemuni was imprisoned for two-and-a-half years for the assault. Gandhi later said about the incident: When I was inspecting the guard of honour and as I walked past one person, I saw through the corner of my eye some movement.


Context: how many tamils are there in sri lanka

Context: since how long have they been living here?

Context: Sri Lankan Tamils have a very long history in Sri Lanka and have lived on the island since at least around the 2nd century BCE.

Context: are they genetically linked to other sri lankans?

Context: Yes,  genetic studies indicate that they are closely related to the Sinhalese ethnic group in the island.

Context: which religion do they follow?

Context: The Sri Lankan Tamils are mostly Hindus with a significant Christian population.

Context: was there any militancy related to them?

Context: Yes, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)

Context: what was its goal?

Context: Its aim was to secure an independent state of Tamil Eelam

Context: were they declared as a terrorist organization?

Context: Yes, 32 countries currently list the LTTE as a terrorist organisation.

Context: did they carry out any suicide attacks?

Context: Yes, their mission included carrying out suicide attacks against enemy targets.

Context: did the assassinate anyone?

Context: Yes, Ranasinghe Premadasa, Rajiv Gandhi

Context: who was the first person mentioned?

Context: Sri Lankan president

Context: was he impeached?

Context: Yes, He  faced an impeachment in parliament led by his two formidable rivals in the UNP, Lalith Athulathmudali and Gamini Dissanayake.

Context: when was he assassinated?

Context: May 1, Saturday, 1993.

Context: why was the second person mentioned above assassinated?

Context: Gandhi was killed because of personal animosity by the LTTE chief Prabhakaran arising from his sending the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to Sri Lanka and the alleged IPKF atrocities against Sri Lankan Tamils.

Context: why was the force sent there?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the force consist of only indian army?

Context: It was formed under the mandate of the 1987 Indo-Sri Lankan Accord that aimed to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan military.

Context: what was india's foreign policy regarding this issue?

Context: India vowed never to offer any military help to Sri Lanka.

Context: the leader who was assassinated in this connection, did he face any assault before?

Context: Yes, a day after Gandhi went to Sri Lanka and signed the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord, an honour guard named Vijitha Rohana hit him on his shoulder with his rifle.

Question: was anybody punished for his assassination?

Answer: Yes,  the cleric Chandraswami was suspected of involvement, Nalini Sriharan  is serving life imprisonment.

Rajiv Gandhi [SEP] Aftermath

Among them, the cleric Chandraswami was suspected of involvement, including financing the assassination. Nalini Sriharan, the only surviving member of the five-member squad behind the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, is serving life imprisonment. Arrested on 14 June 1991, she and 25 others were sentenced to death by a special court on 28 January 1998. The court confirmed the death sentences of four of the convicts, including Nalini, on 11 May 1999. Nalini was a close friend of an LTTE operative known as Sriharan alias Murugan, another convict in the case who has been sentenced to death. Nalini later gave birth to a girl, Harithra, in prison.


Question: who propounded the nebular hypothesis for the origin of the earth

Answer: Immanuel Kant

Nebular hypothesis [SEP] Introduction

The Nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests that the Solar System formed from gas and dust orbiting the Sun. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his "Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels" ("Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens"), published in 1755 and then modified in 1796 by Pierre Laplace. Originally applied to the Solar System, the process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe.


Context: who propounded the nebular hypothesis for the origin of the earth

Context: Immanuel Kant

Question: what knowledge does this hypothesis provide?

Answer: It explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System as well as other planetary systems

Explanation: The Nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems).

Nebular hypothesis [SEP] Introduction


Context: Immanuel Kant

Context: what knowledge does this hypothesis provide?

Context: It explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System as well as other planetary systems

Question: what is he the above mentioned person?

Answer: German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers

Explanation: Immanuel Kant (, ; ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.

Immanuel Kant [SEP] Introduction

Kant believed that reason is also the source of morality, and that aesthetics arise from a faculty of disinterested judgment. Kant's views continue to have a major influence on contemporary philosophy, especially the fields of epistemology, ethics, political theory, and post-modern aesthetics. He attempted to explain the relationship between reason and human experience and to move beyond what he believed to be the failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. He wanted to put an end to what he saw as an era of futile and speculative theories of human experience, while resisting the skepticism of thinkers such as Hume. He regarded himself as showing the way past the impasse between rationalists and empiricists, and is widely held to have synthesized both traditions in his thought.


Context: Immanuel Kant

Context: what is he the above mentioned person?

Context: German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Königsberg

Immanuel Kant [SEP] Biography

Kant's mother, Anna Regina Reuter (1697–1737), was born in Königsberg (since 1946 the city of Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia) to a father from Nuremberg. Her surname is sometimes erroneously given as Porter. Kant's father, Johann Georg Kant (1682–1746), was a German harness maker from Memel, at the time Prussia's most northeastern city (now Klaipėda, Lithuania). Kant believed that his paternal grandfather Hans Kant was of Scottish origin. While scholars of Kant's life long accepted the claim, there is no evidence that Kant's paternal line was Scottish and it is more likely that the Kants got their name from the village of Kantwaggen (today part of Priekulė) and were of Curonian origin.


Context: Immanuel Kant

Context: what is he the above mentioned person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Königsberg

Question: under which country does it fall into?

Answer: Russia

Königsberg [SEP] Introduction

Königsberg (, , ) is the name for the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Originally a Sambian or Old Prussian settlement, it then belonged to the State of the Teutonic Order, the Duchy of Prussia, the Kingdom of Prussia, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, and Nazi Germany. After being largely destroyed in World War II by Allied bombing and the Red Army, it was annexed by the Soviet Union and its surviving inhabitants forcibly expelled. Thereafter, the city was renamed Kaliningrad. Few traces of the former Königsberg remain today. The literal meaning of Königsberg is 'King's Mountain'.


Context: Immanuel Kant

Context: what is he the above mentioned person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Königsberg

Context: under which country does it fall into?

Context: Russia

Question: what is the population statistic of the mentioned country?

Answer: 146.7 million

Russia [SEP] Demographics

With a population of 142.8 million according to the 2010 census, rising to 146.7 million as of 2020. Russia is the most populous country in Europe, and the ninth-most populous country in the world, its population density stands at 9 inhabitants per square kilometre (23 per square mile). The overall life expectancy in Russia at birth is 72.4 years (66.9 years for males and 77.6 years for females). Since the 1990s, Russia's death rate has exceeded its birth rate. As of 2018, the total fertility rate (TFR) across Russia was estimated to be 1.57 born per woman, one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, below the replacement rate of 2.1, and considerably below the high of 7.44 children born per woman in 1908.


Context: Immanuel Kant

Context: what is he the above mentioned person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Königsberg

Context: under which country does it fall into?

Context: Russia

Context: what is the population statistic of the mentioned country?

Context: 146.7 million

Question: which ethnicity contribute to the country's population?

Answer: Ethnically Russian, Ukrainians, Bashkirs

Russia [SEP] Demographics

In 2012, the trend continued, with 1,896,263 births, the highest since 1990, and even exceeding annual births during the period 1967–1969. Russia is home to approximately 111 million ethnic Russians, and about 20 million ethnic Russians live outside Russia in the former republics of the Soviet Union, mostly in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The 2010 census recorded 81% of the population as ethnically Russian, and 19% as other ethnicities: 3.7% Tatars; 1.4% Ukrainians; 1.1% Bashkirs; 1% Chuvashes; 11.8% others and unspecified. According to the Census, 84.93% of the Russian population belongs to European ethnic groups (Slavic, Germanic, Finnic, Greek, and others).


Context: Immanuel Kant

Context: what is he the above mentioned person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Königsberg

Context: under which country does it fall into?

Context: Russia

Context: 146.7 million

Context: which ethnicity contribute to the country's population?

Context: Ethnically Russian, Ukrainians, Bashkirs

Question: how is the climate there?

Answer: The enormous size of Russia and the remoteness of many areas from the sea result in the dominance of the humid continental climate, which is prevalent in all parts of the country except for the tundra and the extreme southwest.

Russia [SEP] Climate

The enormous size of Russia and the remoteness of many areas from the sea result in the dominance of the humid continental climate, which is prevalent in all parts of the country except for the tundra and the extreme southwest. Mountains in the south obstruct the flow of warm air masses from the Indian Ocean, while the plain of the west and north makes the country open to Arctic and Atlantic influences. Most of Northern European Russia and Siberia has a subarctic climate, with extremely severe winters in the inner regions of Northeast Siberia (mostly the Sakha Republic, where the Northern Pole of Cold is located with the record low temperature of ), and more moderate winters elsewhere.


Context: Immanuel Kant

Context: what is he the above mentioned person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Königsberg

Context: under which country does it fall into?

Context: Russia

Context: 146.7 million

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: The enormous size of Russia and the remoteness of many areas from the sea result in the dominance of the humid continental climate, which is prevalent in all parts of the country except for the tundra and the extreme southwest.

Question: what is the most popular sport of the country mentioned above?

Answer: Weightlifters, wrestlers, boxers, fencers, shooters, ice hockey

Russia [SEP] Sports

Soviet and later Russian athletes have always been in the top four for the number of gold medals collected at the Summer Olympics. Soviet gymnasts, track-and-field athletes, weightlifters, wrestlers, boxers, fencers, shooters, cross country skiers, biathletes, speed skaters and figure skaters were consistently among the best in the world, along with Soviet basketball, handball, futsal, volleyball and ice hockey players. The 1980 Summer Olympics were held in Moscow while the 2014 Winter Olympics were hosted in Sochi. Although ice hockey was only introduced during the Soviet era, the Soviet Union national team managed to win gold at almost all the Olympics and World Championships they contested.


Context: Immanuel Kant

Context: what is he the above mentioned person?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Königsberg

Context: under which country does it fall into?

Context: Russia

Context: 146.7 million

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: what is the most popular sport of the country mentioned above?

Context: Weightlifters, wrestlers, boxers, fencers, shooters, ice hockey

Question: any renowned player of the last mentioned sport?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Russia [SEP] Sports


Question: what is the scientific name for the fungi kingdom

Answer: Mycobiota

Fungus [SEP] Etymology

The word appeared in English as early as 1824 in a book by Robert Kaye Greville. In 1836 the English naturalist Miles Joseph Berkeley's publication "The English Flora of Sir James Edward Smith, Vol. 5." also refers to mycology as the study of fungi. A group of all the fungi present in a particular area or geographic region is known as mycobiota (plural noun, no singular), e.g., "the mycobiota of Ireland".


Context: what is the scientific name for the fungi kingdom

Context: Mycobiota

Question: what is the human form of this mentioned type?

Answer: "Candida" genera, found on the surface and in the gastrointestinal system of humans.

Explanation: Mycobiota exist on the surface and in the gastrointestinal system of humans. There are as many as sixty-six genera and 184 species in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy people. Most of these are in the "Candida" genera.

Mycobiota [SEP] Human mycobiota

Yeasts are also present on the skin, such as "Malassezia" species, where they consume oils secreted from the sebaceous glands. "Pityrosporum (Malassezia) ovale", which is lipid-dependent and found only on humans. "P. ovale" was later divided into two species, "P. ovale" and "P. orbiculare", but current sources consider these terms to refer to a single species of fungus, with "M. furfur" the preferred name.


Context: Mycobiota

Context: what is the human form of this mentioned type?

Context: "Candida" genera, found on the surface and in the gastrointestinal system of humans.

Question: what are its uses?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Mycobiota [SEP] Human mycobiota

Mycobiota exist on the surface and in the gastrointestinal system of humans. There are as many as sixty-six genera and 184 species in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy people. Most of these are in the "Candida" genera. Though found to be present on the skin and in the gi tract in healthy individuals, the normal resident mycobiota can become pathogenic in those who are immunocompromized. Such multispecies infections lead to higher mortalities. In addition hospital-acquired infections by "C. albicans" have become a cause of major health concerns. A high mortality rate of 40-60% is associated with systemic infection. The best-studied of these are "Candida" species due to their ability to become pathogenic in immunocompromised and even in healthy hosts.


Context: Mycobiota

Context: what are its uses?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the characteristic of the first mentioned organism?

Answer: They have chitin in their cell walls; they are heterotrophs; acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules.

Fungus [SEP] Introduction

A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, which is separate from the other eukaryotic life kingdoms of plants and animals. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Similar to animals, fungi are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water.


Context: Mycobiota

Context: what are its uses?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the characteristic of the first mentioned organism?

Context: They have chitin in their cell walls; they are heterotrophs; acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules.

Question: what is this mentioned thing in their walls?

Answer: A.k.a CHON - a long-chain polymer of "N"-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose.

Chitin [SEP] Introduction

Chitin (CHON) ( ) is a long-chain polymer of "N"-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose. This polysaccharide is a primary component of cell walls in fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans and insects, the radulae of molluscs, cephalopod beaks, and the scales of fish and lissamphibians. The structure of chitin is comparable to another polysaccharide, cellulose, forming crystalline nanofibrils or whiskers. In terms of function, it may be compared to the protein keratin. Chitin has proved useful for several medicinal, industrial and biotechnological purposes.


Context: Mycobiota

Context: what are its uses?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this mentioned thing in their walls?

Context: A.k.a CHON - a long-chain polymer of "N"-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose.

Question: where did it take its name from?

Answer: From the French word "chitine", which was derived from the Greek word χιτών (chiton), meaning covering.

Chitin [SEP] Etymology

The English word "chitin" comes from the French word "chitine", which was derived in 1821 from the Greek word χιτών (chiton), meaning covering. A similar word, "chiton", refers to a marine animal with a protective shell.


Context: Mycobiota

Context: what are its uses?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: From the French word "chitine", which was derived from the Greek word χιτών (chiton), meaning covering.

Question: what is its health effect?

Answer: Protozoa, fungi, arthropods, and nematodes, which produce it, are often pathogens in other species.

Explanation: Chitin-producing organisms like protozoa, fungi, arthropods, and nematodes are often pathogens in other species.

Chitin [SEP] Health effects


Context: Mycobiota

Context: what are its uses?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: what is its health effect?

Context: Protozoa, fungi, arthropods, and nematodes, which produce it, are often pathogens in other species.

Question: how is it used in farming?

Answer: It is a good inducer of plant defense mechanisms for controlling diseases; used as a soil fertilizer to improve fertility and plant resilience that may enhance crop yields.

Explanation: Chitin is a good inducer of plant defense mechanisms for controlling diseases. It has potential for use as a soil fertilizer or conditioner to improve fertility and plant resilience that may enhance crop yields.

Chitin [SEP] Agriculture


Context: Mycobiota

Context: what are its uses?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: what is its health effect?

Context: how is it used in farming?

Context: It is a good inducer of plant defense mechanisms for controlling diseases; used as a soil fertilizer to improve fertility and plant resilience that may enhance crop yields.

Question: what does it do to the trees?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Chitin [SEP] Agriculture


Context: Mycobiota

Context: what are its uses?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: what is its health effect?

Context: how is it used in farming?

Context: what does it do to the trees?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what record does it have on fossil?

Answer: The oldest preserved specimen of it dates to the Oligocene, consisting of a scorpion encased in amber.

Explanation: Chitin was probably present in the exoskeletons of Cambrian arthropods such as trilobites. The oldest preserved chitin dates to the Oligocene, about , consisting of a scorpion encased in amber.

Chitin [SEP] Fossil record


Context: Mycobiota

Context: what are its uses?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: what is its health effect?

Context: how is it used in farming?

Context: what does it do to the trees?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what record does it have on fossil?

Context: The oldest preserved specimen of it dates to the Oligocene, consisting of a scorpion encased in amber.

Question: was there any explosions in this aforementioned period where the specimen was recorded?

Answer: Yes, there was a supervolcanic explosion in La Garita Caldera.

Explanation: La Garita Caldera (28 through 26 million years ago)

Oligocene [SEP] Supervolcanic explosions


Context: Mycobiota

Context: what are its uses?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where did it take its name from?

Context: what is its health effect?

Context: how is it used in farming?

Context: what does it do to the trees?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what record does it have on fossil?

Context: was there any explosions in this aforementioned period where the specimen was recorded?

Context: Yes, there was a supervolcanic explosion in La Garita Caldera.

Question: what is the eruption size happened in the mentioned place?

Answer: Volcanic Explosivity Index rating of 8

La Garita Caldera [SEP] Size of eruption

The scale of La Garita volcanism was the second greatest of the Cenozoic Era. The resulting Fish Canyon Tuff has a volume of approximately , giving it a Volcanic Explosivity Index rating of 8. By comparison, the eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980 was in volume. By contrast, the most powerful human-made explosive device ever detonated, the Tsar Bomba, had a yield of 50 megatons, whereas the eruption at La Garita was about 5,000 times more energetic. However, because Tsar Bomba's reaction was complete within nanoseconds, while a volcanic explosion can take seconds or minutes, the power of the events is comparable if measured within the respective bounded timeframes.


Question: who is ellen southard?

Answer: American full-rigged merchant ship

Ellen Southard [SEP] Introduction

Ellen Southard was an American full-rigged merchant ship from Bath, Maine that was built in 1863 by prominent shipbuilder T.J. Southard. She plied international trade routes for twelve years, calling at ports as far away as Sydney. On 27 September 1875, the ship wrecked in the mouth of the Mersey River at Liverpool during a hurricane-strength storm. Shore-based lifeboats crewed mainly by volunteers set out from several lifeboat stations to the aid of the distressed ship after it foundered on a sandbank. One of the lifeboats capsized in heavy seas after picking up the ship's crew, resulting in nine people from the ship as well as three rescuers losing their lives.


Context:
who is ellen southard?
American full-rigged merchant ship

Question: did it receive any medals?

Answer: No. But the lifeboat men who attempted to save her crew received Gold Lifesaving Medals

Ellen Southard [SEP] Introduction

Following the advice of the US consul at Liverpool, the United States Congress recognised the acts of bravery by issuing 27 Gold Lifesaving Medals to the lifeboat men who attempted to save her crew, after a two-year delay during which US law first had to be changed to allow the newly instituted medals to be awarded to non-US citizens. Debate about lifeboat designs continued for many years until a self-righting design was eventually adopted.


Context: who is ellen southard?

Context: American full-rigged merchant ship

Context: did it receive any medals?

Context: No. But the lifeboat men who attempted to save her crew received Gold Lifesaving Medals

Question: describe in few words about its appearance?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Ellen Southard [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is ellen southard?

Context: American full-rigged merchant ship

Context: did it receive any medals?

Context: describe in few words about its appearance?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who owned the ship?

Answer: T.J. Southard

Explanation: Ellen Southard was an American full-rigged merchant ship from Bath, Maine that was built in 1863 by prominent shipbuilder T.J. Southard.

Ellen Southard [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is ellen southard?

Context: American full-rigged merchant ship

Context: did it receive any medals?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who owned the ship?

Context: T.J. Southard

Question: did he own more than one ships?

Answer: Yes. He retained a majority share in many of the ships he built, thus building and controlling his own merchant fleet

T. J. Southard [SEP] Introduction

Thomas Jefferson Southard (June 18, 1808 – September 20, 1896) was an American shipbuilder, ship owner, entrepreneur, politician and philanthropist, who is considered one of the founding fathers of Richmond, Maine. Southard rose from humble origins to found T. J. Southard & Co., later known as T. J. Southard & Son, the largest shipyard in Richmond in its day and one of the most productive in the state, turning out between 75 and 100 wooden-hulled sailing ships over the course of about 44 years, including some of the largest and best known Maine-built ships of the era. Southard retained a majority share in many of the ships he built, thus building and controlling his own merchant fleet.


Context: who is ellen southard?

Context: American full-rigged merchant ship

Context: did it receive any medals?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who owned the ship?

Context: T.J. Southard

Context: did he own more than one ships?

Context: Yes. He retained a majority share in many of the ships he built, thus building and controlling his own merchant fleet

Question: who is he?

Answer: American shipbuilder, ship owner, entrepreneur, politician and philanthropist, who is considered one of the founding fathers of Richmond, Maine

Explanation: Thomas Jefferson Southard (June 18, 1808 – September 20, 1896) was an American shipbuilder, ship owner, entrepreneur, politician and philanthropist, who is considered one of the founding fathers of Richmond, Maine

T. J. Southard [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is ellen southard?

Context: American full-rigged merchant ship

Context: did it receive any medals?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who owned the ship?

Context: T.J. Southard

Context: did he own more than one ships?

Context: who is he?

Context: American shipbuilder, ship owner, entrepreneur, politician and philanthropist, who is considered one of the founding fathers of Richmond, Maine

Question: name a few famous ships he owned?

Answer: Charles Dennis, Eureka, Red Cross and Theodore H. Allen

T. J. Southard [SEP] Notable ships

In 1854, Southard built the 1,400 ton "Wizard King", which "established for itself a fine record in Australian service." Both "Gauntlet" and "Wizard King" were classified as clippers and are usually referred to as such, but according to Fairburn, were no more than "half-clippers" at best. Some of the largest vessels built at the Southard yard, constructed between 1875 and 1879, were the full-rigged ships "Charles Dennis"—"a good-looking and loftily-spired ship" of 1,710 tons; "Eureka" (2,101 tons); "Red Cross" (1,300 tons) and "Theodore H. Allen" (1,537 tons). Of these, "Eureka" in particular was an "outstanding" ship: the largest Maine-built vessel at time of construction, she later made several fast passages around Cape Horn or across the Atlantic.