Context: Albert Brooks

Context: is it a film?

Context: when was it released?

Context: May 30, 2003

Context: who produced it?

Context: Pixar Animation Studios

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: was it a commercially successful one??

Context: was it well received by public?

Context: where is the production studio located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was it given any award?

Context: when?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was any sequel of it made?

Context: Yes, "Finding Dory"

Context: where is the voice artist from?

Context: Beverly Hills, California

Question: what are his other works?

Answer: Brooks has also notably starred in "Taxi Driver", "Private Benjamin" , "Unfaithfully Yours"  and "My First Mister" .

Albert Brooks [SEP] Introduction

Albert Brooks (born Albert Lawrence Einstein; July 22, 1947) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and director. He received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for 1987's "Broadcast News" and was widely praised for his performance as a ruthless Jewish mobster in the 2011 neo-noir film "Drive". Brooks has also notably starred in "Taxi Driver" (1976), "Private Benjamin" (1980), "Unfaithfully Yours" (1984) and "My First Mister" (2001). He has written, directed, and starred in several comedy films, such as "Modern Romance" (1981), "Lost in America" (1985), and "Defending Your Life" (1991). He is also the author of "2030: The Real Story of What Happens to America" (2011).


Context: who did the voice of marlin in finding nemo

Context: Albert Brooks

Context: is it a film?

Context: Yes, It is a computer-animated adventure film.

Context: when was it released?

Context: May 30, 2003

Context: who produced it?

Context: Pixar Animation Studios

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: It tells the story of an overprotective clownfish named Marlin, who, along with a regal blue tang named Dory searches for his missing son Nemo.

Context: was it a commercially successful one??

Context: Yes,  It is the 12th highest-grossing animated film, and the second-highest-grossing film of 2003

Context: was it well received by public?

Context: Yes, Rotten Tomatoes reported a 99% approval rating, with a rating average of 8.69/10, based on 265 reviews.

Context: where is the production studio located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the film deal with any environmental issues?

Context: The demand for tropical fish skyrocketed after the film's release, causing reef species decimation in Vanuatu and several other reef areas.

Context: was it given any award?

Context: Yes, It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.

Context: when?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was any sequel of it made?

Context: Yes, "Finding Dory"

Context: where is the voice artist from?

Context: Beverly Hills, California

Context: what are his other works?

Context: Brooks has also notably starred in "Taxi Driver", "Private Benjamin" , "Unfaithfully Yours"  and "My First Mister" .

Question: what was his role in the first one?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Albert Brooks [SEP] Introduction


Context: Albert Brooks

Context: is it a film?

Context: when was it released?

Context: May 30, 2003

Context: who produced it?

Context: Pixar Animation Studios

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: was it a commercially successful one??

Context: was it well received by public?

Context: where is the production studio located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was it given any award?

Context: when?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was any sequel of it made?

Context: Yes, "Finding Dory"

Context: where is the voice artist from?

Context: Beverly Hills, California

Context: what are his other works?

Context: what was his role in the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: does the movie symbolize anything?

Answer: In "Scorsese on Scorsese", Scorsese mentions the religious symbolism in the story, comparing Bickle to a saint who wants to cleanse or purge both his mind and his body of weakness.

Taxi Driver [SEP] Symbolism

In "Scorsese on Scorsese", Scorsese mentions the religious symbolism in the story, comparing Bickle to a saint who wants to cleanse or purge both his mind and his body of weakness. Bickle attempts to kill himself near the end of the movie as a tribute to the samurai's "death with honor" principle. When Travis meets Betsy to join him for coffee and pie, she is reminded of a line in Kris Kristofferson's song "The Pilgrim, Chapter 33": "He's a prophet and a pusher, partly truth, partly fiction—a walking contradiction." On their date, Bickle takes her to see a Swedish "sex education" film, which is in fact the American sexploitation film "Sexual Freedom in Denmark" with added Swedish sound.


Context: Albert Brooks

Context: is it a film?

Context: when was it released?

Context: May 30, 2003

Context: who produced it?

Context: Pixar Animation Studios

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: was it a commercially successful one??

Context: was it well received by public?

Context: where is the production studio located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was it given any award?

Context: when?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was any sequel of it made?

Context: Yes, "Finding Dory"

Context: where is the voice artist from?

Context: Beverly Hills, California

Context: what are his other works?

Context: what was his role in the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does the movie symbolize anything?

Context: In "Scorsese on Scorsese", Scorsese mentions the religious symbolism in the story, comparing Bickle to a saint who wants to cleanse or purge both his mind and his body of weakness.

Question: what kind of response did it receive?

Answer: It was praised as one of the greatest films ever seen.

Taxi Driver [SEP] Critical response

Roger Ebert instantly praised it as one of the greatest films he had ever seen, claiming: "Taxi Driver" is a hell, from the opening shot of a cab emerging from stygian clouds of steam to the climactic killing scene in which the camera finally looks straight down. Scorsese wanted to look away from Travis's rejection; we almost want to look away from his life. But he's there, all right, and he's suffering. It was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor (De Niro), and received the Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. It has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.


Context: Albert Brooks

Context: is it a film?

Context: when was it released?

Context: May 30, 2003

Context: who produced it?

Context: Pixar Animation Studios

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: was it a commercially successful one??

Context: was it well received by public?

Context: where is the production studio located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was it given any award?

Context: when?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was any sequel of it made?

Context: Yes, "Finding Dory"

Context: where is the voice artist from?

Context: Beverly Hills, California

Context: what are his other works?

Context: what was his role in the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does the movie symbolize anything?

Context: what kind of response did it receive?

Context: It was praised as one of the greatest films ever seen.

Question: who directed it?

Answer: Martin Scorsese

Explanation: Martin Scorsese, w

Taxi Driver [SEP] Introduction

Taxi Driver is a 1976 American neo noir psychological drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, written by Paul Schrader, and starring Robert De Niro, Jodie Foster, Cybill Shepherd, Harvey Keitel, Peter Boyle, Leonard Harris, and Albert Brooks. Set in a decaying and morally bankrupt New York City following the Vietnam War, the film tells the story of Travis Bickle, a lonely taxi driver who descends into insanity as he plots to assassinate both the presidential candidate for whom the woman he is infatuated with works, and the pimp of an underage prostitute he befriends. A critical and commercial success upon release and nominated for four Academy Awards, including for Best Picture, Best Actor (for De Niro) and Best Supporting Actress (for Foster), "Taxi Driver" won the Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival.


Question: do all stars spend the same amount of time on the main sequence

Answer: The total life span can be estimated, to first approximation, as the total energy produced divided by the star's luminosity.

Main sequence [SEP] Lifetime

The total amount of energy that a star can generate through nuclear fusion of hydrogen is limited by the amount of hydrogen fuel that can be consumed at the core. For a star in equilibrium, the energy generated at the core must be at least equal to the energy radiated at the surface. Since the luminosity gives the amount of energy radiated per unit time, the total life span can be estimated, to first approximation, as the total energy produced divided by the star's luminosity. For a star with at least 0.5 , when the hydrogen supply in its core is exhausted and it expands to become a red giant, it can start to fuse helium atoms to form carbon.


Context: do all stars spend the same amount of time on the main sequence

Context: The total life span can be estimated, to first approximation, as the total energy produced divided by the star's luminosity.

Question: what is main sequence?

Answer: Continuous and distinctive band of stars that appears on plots of stellar color versus brightness.

Main sequence [SEP] Introduction

In astronomy, the main sequence is a continuous and distinctive band of stars that appears on plots of stellar color versus brightness. These color-magnitude plots are known as Hertzsprung–Russell diagrams after their co-developers, Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell. Stars on this band are known as main-sequence stars or dwarf stars. These are the most numerous true stars in the universe, and include the Earth's Sun. After condensation and ignition of a star, it generates thermal energy in its dense core region through nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. During this stage of the star's lifetime, it is located on the main sequence at a position determined primarily by its mass, but also based upon its chemical composition and age.


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: Continuous and distinctive band of stars that appears on plots of stellar color versus brightness.

Question: describe a few of its properties?

Answer: Majority of stars on a typical HR diagram lie along the main-sequence curve and temperature of a star determines its spectral type

Main sequence [SEP] Properties

The majority of stars on a typical HR diagram lie along the main-sequence curve. This line is pronounced because both the spectral type and the luminosity depend only on a star's mass, at least to zeroth-order approximation, as long as it is fusing hydrogen at its core—and that is what almost all stars spend most of their "active" lives doing. The temperature of a star determines its spectral type via its effect on the physical properties of plasma in its photosphere. A star's energy emission as a function of wavelength is influenced by both its temperature and composition. A key indicator of this energy distribution is given by the color index, "B" − "V", which measures the star's magnitude in blue ("B") and green-yellow ("V") light by means of filters.


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: Majority of stars on a typical HR diagram lie along the main-sequence curve and temperature of a star determines its spectral type

Question: mention a few variations in luminosity color?

Answer: Cepheid variables, Delta Scuti variables, and Beta Cephei variables

Explanation: A nearly vertical region of the HR diagram, known as the instability strip, is occupied by pulsating variable stars known as Cepheid variables. These stars vary in magnitude at regular intervals, giving them a pulsating appearance. The strip intersects the upper part of the main sequence in the region of class "A" and "F" stars, which are between one and two solar masses. Pulsating stars in this part of the instability strip that intersects the upper part of the main sequence are called Delta Scuti variables. Main-sequence stars in this region experience only small changes in magnitude and so this variation is difficult to detect. Other classes of unstable main-sequence stars, like Beta Cephei variables, are unrelated to this instability strip.

Main sequence [SEP] Luminosity-color variation

As non-fusing helium ash accumulates in the core of a main-sequence star, the reduction in the abundance of hydrogen per unit mass results in a gradual lowering of the fusion rate within that mass. Since it is the outflow of fusion-supplied energy that supports the higher layers of the star, the core is compressed, producing higher temperatures and pressures. Both factors increase the rate of fusion thus moving the equilibrium towards a smaller, denser, hotter core producing more energy whose increased outflow pushes the higher layers further out. Thus there is a steady increase in the luminosity and radius of the star over time.


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: mention a few variations in luminosity color?

Context: Cepheid variables, Delta Scuti variables, and Beta Cephei variables

Question: what is the first variation?

Answer: A type of star that pulsates radially, varying in both diameter and temperature

Cepheid variable [SEP] Introduction

A Cepheid variable () is a type of star that pulsates radially, varying in both diameter and temperature and producing changes in brightness with a well-defined stable period and amplitude. A strong direct relationship between a Cepheid variable's luminosity and pulsation period established Cepheids as important indicators of cosmic benchmarks for scaling galactic and extragalactic distances. This robust characteristic of classical Cepheids was discovered in 1908 by Henrietta Swan Leavitt after studying thousands of variable stars in the Magellanic Clouds. This discovery allows one to know the true luminosity of a Cepheid by simply observing its pulsation period. This in turn allows one to determine the distance to the star, by comparing its known luminosity to its observed brightness.


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: what is the first variation?

Context: A type of star that pulsates radially, varying in both diameter and temperature

Question: name a few stars from such variation?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Cepheid variable [SEP] Classes

Cepheid variables are divided into two subclasses which exhibit markedly different masses, ages, and evolutionary histories: classical Cepheids and type II Cepheids. Delta Scuti variables are A-type stars on or near the main sequence at the lower end of the instability strip and were originally referred to as dwarf Cepheids. RR Lyrae variables have short periods and lie on the instability strip where it crosses the horizontal branch. Delta Scuti variables and RR Lyrae variables are not generally treated with Cepheid variables although their pulsations originate with the same helium ionisation kappa mechanism.


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: what is the first variation?

Context: name a few stars from such variation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the anomalous in this variation?

Answer: A group of pulsating stars on the instability strip have periods of less than 2 days, but with higher luminosities.

Cepheid variable [SEP] Anomalous Cepheids

A group of pulsating stars on the instability strip have periods of less than 2 days, similar to RR Lyrae variables but with higher luminosities. Anomalous Cepheid variables have masses higher than type II Cepheids, RR Lyrae variables, and our sun. It is unclear whether they are young stars on a "turned-back" horizontal branch, blue stragglers formed through mass transfer in binary systems, or a mix of both.


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: what is the first variation?

Context: name a few stars from such variation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the anomalous in this variation?

Context: A group of pulsating stars on the instability strip have periods of less than 2 days, but with higher luminosities.

Question: state the pulsation model in this variation?

Answer: Pulsation of Cepheids is called the Eddington valve, or "κ-mechanism", where κ (kappa) is the usual symbol for the gas opacity.

Cepheid variable [SEP] Pulsation model

The accepted explanation for the pulsation of Cepheids is called the Eddington valve, or "κ-mechanism", where the Greek letter κ (kappa) is the usual symbol for the gas opacity. Helium is the gas thought to be most active in the process. Doubly ionized helium (helium whose atoms are missing both electrons) is more opaque than singly ionized helium. The more helium is heated, the more ionized it becomes. At the dimmest part of a Cepheid's cycle, the ionized gas in the outer layers of the star is opaque, and so is heated by the star's radiation, and due to the increased temperature, begins to expand.


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: what is the first variation?

Context: name a few stars from such variation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: state the pulsation model in this variation?

Context: Pulsation of Cepheids is called the Eddington valve, or "κ-mechanism", where κ (kappa) is the usual symbol for the gas opacity.

Question: who proposed such a model?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Cepheid variable [SEP] Pulsation model


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: what is the first variation?

Context: name a few stars from such variation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who proposed such a model?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who discovered such a variation of stars?

Answer: Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Explanation: This robust characteristic of classical Cepheids was discovered in 1908 by Henrietta Swan Leavitt after studying thousands of variable stars in the Magellanic Clouds.

Cepheid variable [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: what is the first variation?

Context: name a few stars from such variation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who proposed such a model?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who discovered such a variation of stars?

Context: Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Question: who is the person?

Answer: An American astronomer.

Henrietta Swan Leavitt [SEP] Introduction

Henrietta Swan Leavitt (; July 4, 1868 – December 12, 1921) was an American astronomer. A graduate of Radcliffe College, she worked at the Harvard College Observatory as a "computer", tasked with examining photographic plates in order to measure and catalog the brightness of stars. This work led her to discover the relation between the luminosity and the period of Cepheid variables. Leavitt's discovery provided astronomers with the first "standard candle" with which to measure the distance to faraway galaxies. After her death, Edwin Hubble used Leavitt's period-luminosity relation, together with the galactic spectral shifts first measured by Vesto Slipher at Lowell Observatory, in order to establish that the universe is expanding (see Hubble's law).


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: what is the first variation?

Context: name a few stars from such variation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who proposed such a model?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Context: who is the person?

Context: An American astronomer.

Question: is the person male or female?

Answer: Female

Explanation: she worked at the Harvard College Observatory as a "computer", tasked with examining photographic plates in order to measure and catalog the brightness of stars.


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: what is the first variation?

Context: name a few stars from such variation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who proposed such a model?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Context: who is the person?

Context: An American astronomer.

Context: is the person male or female?

Context: Female

Question: did she serve in the air force?

Answer: No

Explanation: This work led her to discover the relation between the luminosity and the period of Cepheid variables. Leavitt's discovery provided astronomers with the first "standard candle" with which to measure the distance to faraway galaxies.


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: what is the first variation?

Context: name a few stars from such variation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who proposed such a model?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Context: who is the person?

Context: An American astronomer.

Context: is the person male or female?

Context: Female

Context: did she serve in the air force?

Context: No

Question: when did she start her astronomical profession?

Answer: After 1903

Henrietta Swan Leavitt [SEP] Astronomical career

Leavitt returned to the Harvard College Observatory from her travels in 1903. Because Leavitt had independent means, Pickering initially did not have to pay her. Later, she received $0.30 an hour for her work, being paid only $10.50 per week. She was reportedly "hard-working, serious-minded …, little given to frivolous pursuits and selflessly devoted to her family, her church, and her career". One of the women that Leavitt worked with in the Harvard Observatory was Annie Jump Cannon, who shared the experience of being deaf. Pickering assigned Leavitt to the study of variable stars of the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds, as recorded on photographic plates taken with the Bruce Astrograph of the Boyden Station of the Harvard Observatory in Arequipa, Peru.


Context: what is main sequence?

Context: describe a few of its properties?

Context: what is the first variation?

Context: name a few stars from such variation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who proposed such a model?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Context: who is the person?

Context: An American astronomer.

Context: is the person male or female?

Context: Female

Context: did she serve in the air force?

Context: No

Context: when did she start her astronomical profession?

Context: After 1903

Question: what impact did she leave on the scientific community?

Answer: "Leavitt's law" made the stars the first "standard candle" in astronomy, allowing scientists to compute the distances to galaxies too remote for stellar parallax observations to be useful.

Henrietta Swan Leavitt [SEP] Scientific impact

According to science writer Jeremy Bernstein, "variable stars had been of interest for years, but when she was studying those plates, I doubt Pickering thought she would make a significant discovery—one that would eventually change astronomy." The period–luminosity relationship for Cepheids, now known as "Leavitt's law" made the stars the first "standard candle" in astronomy, allowing scientists to compute the distances to galaxies too remote for stellar parallax observations to be useful. One year after Leavitt reported her results, Ejnar Hertzsprung determined the distance of several Cepheids in the Milky Way and that, with this calibration, the distance to any Cepheid could be accurately determined.


Question: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Answer: Jeremy Irons

Explanation: . As the character's supervising animator, Deja based Scar's appearance on that of original voice actor Jeremy Irons,

Scar (The Lion King) [SEP] Introduction

Nevertheless, Scar continues to be revered as one of Disney's greatest villains by various media publications, topping "The Huffington Post"s list and ranking within the top ten of similar lists published by Yahoo! Movies, the "Orlando Sentinel", E! and CNN. He has also been ranked among the greatest villains in film history by "Digital Spy "and "Entertainment Weekly."


Context:
whose voice is scar in the lion king
Jeremy Irons

Question: whom he voiced for, is it a character of something?

Answer: Yes, he is introduced in the first film as Simba's uncle and Mufasa's younger brother.

Scar (The Lion King) [SEP] Introduction

Scar is an animated character who appears as the main antagonist in Disney's "The Lion King" franchise. He was created in 1989 by screenwriters Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton, and animated by Andreas Deja. The Pride Lands' reclusive heir presumptive, Scar is introduced in the first film as Simba's uncle and Mufasa's younger brother. Originally first-in-line to Mufasa's throne until he is suddenly replaced by Simba, Scar decides to lead an army of hyenas in his plot to take the throne by killing Mufasa (succeeded) and exiling Simba (failed), ultimately blaming his brother's death on his nephew. Loosely based on King Claudius, the main antagonist of William Shakespeare's play "Hamlet", Scar's villainy was additionally inspired by Adolf Hitler.


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: whom he voiced for, is it a character of something?

Context: Yes, he is introduced in the first film as Simba's uncle and Mufasa's younger brother.

Question: which is this first film?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Scar (The Lion King) [SEP] Introduction


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who created the above character?

Answer: Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton.

Explanation: He was created in 1989 by screenwriters Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton, and animated by Andreas Deja.

Scar (The Lion King) [SEP] Introduction


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the above character?

Context: Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton.

Question: who was the above voice artist in general?

Answer: An English actor and activist.

Jeremy Irons [SEP] Introduction

Jeremy John Irons (born 19 September 1948) is an English actor and activist. After receiving classical training at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, Irons began his acting career on stage in 1969 and has appeared in many West End theatre productions, including the Shakespeare plays "The Winter's Tale", "Macbeth", "Much Ado About Nothing", "The Taming of the Shrew" and "Richard II". In 1984, he made his Broadway debut in Tom Stoppard's "The Real Thing" and received a Tony Award for Best Actor. Irons's first major film role came in the romantic drama "The French Lieutenant's Woman" (1981), for which he received a BAFTA nomination for Best Actor.


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the above character?

Context: who was the above voice artist in general?

Context: An English actor and activist.

Question: name some of his earlier works?

Answer: "The French Lieutenant's Woman", "Moonlighting" and  "Betrayal".

Explanation: Irons's first major film role came in the romantic drama "The French Lieutenant's Woman" (1981), for which he received a BAFTA nomination for Best Actor. After starring in dramas, such as "Moonlighting" (1982), "Betrayal" (1983), and "The Mission" (1986), he was praised for portraying twin gynaecologists in David Cronenberg's psychological thriller "Dead Ringers" (1988).

Jeremy Irons [SEP] Introduction

After starring in dramas, such as "Moonlighting" (1982), "Betrayal" (1983), and "The Mission" (1986), he was praised for portraying twin gynaecologists in David Cronenberg's psychological thriller "Dead Ringers" (1988). Irons has won multiple awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actor, for his portrayal of the accused attempted murderer Claus von Bülow in "Reversal of Fortune" (1990). Irons has also had roles in Steven Soderbergh's mystery thriller "Kafka" (1991), the period drama "The House of the Spirits" (1993), the romantic drama "M. Butterfly" (1993), the voice of Scar in Disney's "The Lion King" (1994), Simon Gruber in the action film "Die Hard with a Vengeance" (1995), Humbert Humbert in the drama "Lolita" (1997), Aramis in "The Man in the Iron Mask" (1998), the action adventure "Dungeons & Dragons" (2000), Antonio in the Shakespeare adaptation "The Merchant of Venice" (2004), the drama "Being Julia" (2004), the epic historical drama "Kingdom of Heaven" (2005), the fantasy-adventure "Eragon" (2006), the Western "Appaloosa" (2008), and the indie drama "Margin Call" (2011).


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the above character?

Context: An English actor and activist.

Context: name some of his earlier works?

Context: "The French Lieutenant's Woman", "Moonlighting" and  "Betrayal".

Question: what kind of charity was he involved in?

Answer: He is the Patron of the ""Emergency Response Team Search and Rescue"" or "ERTSAR" which is a life saving United Nations recognised disaster response search and rescue team and registered Charity.

Jeremy Irons [SEP] Charity work

He is the Patron of the ""Emergency Response Team Search and Rescue"" or "ERTSAR" which is a life saving United Nations recognised disaster response search and rescue team and registered Charity. It is based in his home County of Oxfordshire, England. He supports a number of other charities, including the Prison Phoenix Trust in England, and the London-based Evidence for Development which seeks to improve the lives of the world's most needy people by preventing famines and delivering food aid, for both of which he is an active patron. In 2000, Irons received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Olivia de Havilland during the International Achievement Summit in London.


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the above character?

Context: An English actor and activist.

Context: name some of his earlier works?

Context: what kind of charity was he involved in?

Context: He is the Patron of the ""Emergency Response Team Search and Rescue"" or "ERTSAR" which is a life saving United Nations recognised disaster response search and rescue team and registered Charity.

Question: the third person who jointly created the aforementioned character; what are her other collaborations with disney?

Answer: She was hired to write the script for Disney Animation's "Beauty and the Beast".

Linda Woolverton [SEP] Works for Disney

Woolverton was hired to write the script for Disney Animation's "Beauty and the Beast", thus becoming the first woman to write an animated feature for the studio. From early 1985 to 1988, two different teams of writers had taken a turn at adapting Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont's tale into a feature film, but Woolverton succeeded by incorporating her own ideas into the story, such as making the protagonist a bookaholic. Upon its release in 1991, "Beauty and the Beast" received universal critical acclaim, becoming the first animated film ever to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, and winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the above character?

Context: An English actor and activist.

Context: name some of his earlier works?

Context: the third person who jointly created the aforementioned character; what are her other collaborations with disney?

Context: She was hired to write the script for Disney Animation's "Beauty and the Beast".

Question: who directed this animation?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Linda Woolverton [SEP] Works for Disney


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the above character?

Context: An English actor and activist.

Context: name some of his earlier works?

Context: who directed this animation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is this animation about?

Answer: Focuses on the relationship between the Beast, a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance.

Explanation: "Beauty and the Beast" focuses on the relationship between the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara), a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle.

Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) [SEP] Introduction

The film grossed $331 million at the box office worldwide on a $25 million budget and was met with widespread critical acclaim toward its romantic narrative, animation (particularly the ballroom scene), characters and musical numbers. "Beauty and the Beast" won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the first animated film to ever win that category. It also became the first animated film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 64th Academy Awards, where it won the Academy Award for Best Original Score and Best Original Song for its title song and received additional nominations for Best Original Song and Best Sound.


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the above character?

Context: An English actor and activist.

Context: name some of his earlier works?

Context: who directed this animation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this animation about?

Context: Focuses on the relationship between the Beast, a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance.

Question: name the cast?

Answer: The voice cast include Robby Benson and Paige O'Hara.

Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 30th Disney animated feature film and the third released during the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the 1756 French fairy tale of the same name by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (who was only credited in the French dub), and ideas from the 1946 French film of the same name directed by Jean Cocteau. "Beauty and the Beast" focuses on the relationship between the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara), a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle.


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the above character?

Context: An English actor and activist.

Context: name some of his earlier works?

Context: who directed this animation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this animation about?

Context: name the cast?

Context: The voice cast include Robby Benson and Paige O'Hara.

Question: which character was voiced by this latter artist?

Answer: Belle

Explanation: "Beauty and the Beast" focuses on the relationship between the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara),


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the above character?

Context: An English actor and activist.

Context: name some of his earlier works?

Context: who directed this animation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this animation about?

Context: name the cast?

Context: which character was voiced by this latter artist?

Context: Belle

Question: and who was voiced by the former artist?

Answer: The Beast.

Explanation: "Beauty and the Beast" focuses on the relationship between the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara)


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the above character?

Context: An English actor and activist.

Context: name some of his earlier works?

Context: who directed this animation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this animation about?

Context: name the cast?

Context: Belle

Context: and who was voiced by the former artist?

Context: The Beast.

Question: who did the background soundtrack of this film?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons

Context: which is this first film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the above character?

Context: An English actor and activist.

Context: name some of his earlier works?

Context: who directed this animation?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this animation about?

Context: name the cast?

Context: Belle

Context: The Beast.

Context: who did the background soundtrack of this film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did it win any award?

Answer: Yes, Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Academy Award for Best Original Score and Best Original Song.

Explanation: Beauty and the Beast" won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the first animated film to ever win that category.


Question: how does the president's wife die in independence day

Answer: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Independence Day (1996 film) [SEP] Plot

It uses Okun's vocal cords to communicate before launching a psychic attack against Whitmore. After Secret Service agents and military personnel kill the alien, Whitmore reveals what he learned when they were linked: the invaders plan to strip Earth of natural resources. He reluctantly authorizes a nuclear attack against one warship situated above Houston as a trial, but it remains intact. Meanwhile, Steven's fiancée Jasmine Dubrow and her son, having survived the destruction of Los Angeles, rescue other survivors, including the critically injured First Lady, Marilyn. Though they are later found by Steven and taken to Area 51, Marilyn dies shortly after being reunited with her family.


Context: how does the president's wife die in independence day

Context: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Question: is this a movie?

Answer: Yes, it is an American epic science fiction action film.

Independence Day (1996 film) [SEP] Introduction

Independence Day is a 1996 American epic science fiction action film directed and co-written by Roland Emmerich. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Will Smith, Bill Pullman, Jeff Goldblum, Mary McDonnell, Judd Hirsch, Margaret Colin, Randy Quaid, Robert Loggia, James Rebhorn, and Harvey Fierstein. The film focuses on disparate groups of people who converge in the Nevada desert in the aftermath of a worldwide attack by an extraterrestrial race of unknown origin. With the other people of the world, they launch an all-out counterattack on July 4—Independence Day in the United States. While promoting "Stargate" in Europe, Emmerich came up with the idea for the film while answering a question about his own belief in the existence of alien life.


Context: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Context: is this a movie?

Context: Yes, it is an American epic science fiction action film.

Question: what is it about?

Answer: It is about a worldwide attack by an extraterrestrial race of unknown origin.

Explanation: The film focuses on disparate groups of people who converge in the Nevada desert in the aftermath of a worldwide attack by an extraterrestrial race of unknown origin. With the other people of the world, they launch an all-out counterattack on July 4—Independence Day in the United States.


Context: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Context: is this a movie?

Context: what is it about?

Context: It is about a worldwide attack by an extraterrestrial race of unknown origin.

Question: by whom is the film directed?

Answer: Roland Emmerich


Context: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Context: is this a movie?

Context: what is it about?

Context: by whom is the film directed?

Context: Roland Emmerich

Question: and produced by?

Answer: 20th Century Fox

Explanation: The two wrote the script during a month-long vacation in Mexico, and just one day after they sent it out for consideration, 20th Century Fox chairman Peter Chernin greenlit the screenplay. Pre-production began just three days later in February 1995.

Independence Day (1996 film) [SEP] Development

A model of the White House was also created, covering by , and was used in forced-perspective shots before being destroyed in a similar fashion for its destruction scene. The detonation took a week to plan and required 40 explosive charges. The film's aliens were designed by production designer Patrick Tatopoulos. The actual aliens in the film are diminutive and based on a design Tatopoulos drew when tasked by Emmerich to create an alien that was "both familiar and completely original". These creatures wear "bio-mechanical" suits that are based on another design Tatopoulos pitched to Emmerich. These suits were tall, equipped with 25 tentacles, and purposely designed to show it could not sustain a person inside so it would not appear to be a "man in a suit".


Context: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Context: is this a movie?

Context: what is it about?

Context: by whom is the film directed?

Context: Roland Emmerich

Context: and produced by?

Context: 20th Century Fox

Question: can you mention a few actors from the film?

Answer: Will Smith, Bill Pullman, Jeff Goldblum and many others.

Explanation: The film features an ensemble cast that includes Will Smith, Bill Pullman, Jeff Goldblum, Mary McDonnell, Judd Hirsch, Margaret Colin, Randy Quaid, Robert Loggia, James Rebhorn, and Harvey Fierstein


Context: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Context: is this a movie?

Context: what is it about?

Context: by whom is the film directed?

Context: Roland Emmerich

Context: and produced by?

Context: 20th Century Fox

Context: can you mention a few actors from the film?

Context: Will Smith, Bill Pullman, Jeff Goldblum and many others.

Question: where is the first actor from?

Answer: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Will Smith [SEP] Early life

Smith was born on September 25, 1968 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Caroline (née Bright), a Philadelphia school board administrator, and Willard Carroll Smith Sr., a U.S. Air Force veteran and refrigeration engineer. He grew up in West Philadelphia's Wynnefield neighborhood, and was raised Baptist. He has an elder sister named Pamela and two younger siblings, twins Harry and Ellen. Smith attended Our Lady of Lourdes, a private Catholic elementary school in Philadelphia. His parents separated when he was 13, but did not actually divorce until around 2000. Smith attended Overbrook High School. While it has been widely reported that Smith turned down a scholarship to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he never applied to college because he "wanted to rap." Smith says he was admitted to a "pre-engineering [summer] program" at MIT for high school students, but he did not attend.


Context: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Context: is this a movie?

Context: what is it about?

Context: by whom is the film directed?

Context: Roland Emmerich

Context: and produced by?

Context: 20th Century Fox

Context: where is the first actor from?

Context: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Question: does he have any other career apart from acting?

Answer: Yes, he has a solo music career.

Will Smith [SEP] 1993–1997: Solo music and film breakthrough

The film was released on July 2 by Columbia Pictures and grossed over $589.3 million worldwide against a $90 million budget, becoming the year's third highest-grossing film, with an estimated 54,616,700 tickets sold in the US. It received worldwide acclaim, with critics highly praising its humor, as well as Jones and Smith's performances. During the summer of 1997, Smith also began his solo music career with the release of "Men in Black", the theme song for the film, which topped singles charts in several regions across the world, including the UK. "Men in Black" (and second single "Just Cruisin'") was later included on Smith's debut solo album "Big Willie Style", which reached the top ten of the US "Billboard" 200 and was certified nine times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).


Context: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Context: is this a movie?

Context: what is it about?

Context: by whom is the film directed?

Context: Roland Emmerich

Context: and produced by?

Context: 20th Century Fox

Context: where is the first actor from?

Context: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Context: does he have any other career apart from acting?

Context: Yes, he has a solo music career.

Question: can you name any songs that he has worked on?

Answer: "Just Cruisin" and "Men in Black"

1993–1997: Solo music and film breakthrough

Explanation: During the summer of 1997, Smith also began his solo music career with the release of "Men in Black", the theme song for the film, which topped singles charts in several regions across the world, including the UK. "Men in Black" (and second single "Just Cruisin'")


Context: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Context: is this a movie?

Context: what is it about?

Context: by whom is the film directed?

Context: Roland Emmerich

Context: and produced by?

Context: 20th Century Fox

Context: where is the first actor from?

Context: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Context: Yes, he has a solo music career.

Context: can you name any songs that he has worked on?

Context: "Just Cruisin" and "Men in Black"

Question: what is the first one about?

Answer: It features Smith driving around Los Angeles and New York City in his car, which transforms into a boat or a jet fighter.

Explanation: BET. The video features Smith driving around Los Angeles and New York City in his car. The car can transform into a boat or a jet fighter and can also clean itself at the touch of a button.

Just Cruisin' [SEP] History

"Just Cruisin'" first appeared on the soundtrack, "" and was also available on the UK release on "Big Willie Style". The song was written by Will Smith and produced by The Trackmasters, then known as Poke & Tone; the vocals were sung by actress Tichina Arnold. The single found some success, making it to #83 on the Canadian Singles Chart and #23 on the UK Singles Chart. An accompanying music video directed by Robert Caruso was released and got some playing time on the likes of MTV and BET. The video features Smith driving around Los Angeles and New York City in his car.


Context: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Context: is this a movie?

Context: what is it about?

Context: by whom is the film directed?

Context: Roland Emmerich

Context: and produced by?

Context: 20th Century Fox

Context: where is the first actor from?

Context: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Context: Yes, he has a solo music career.

Context: "Just Cruisin" and "Men in Black"

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: It features Smith driving around Los Angeles and New York City in his car, which transforms into a boat or a jet fighter.

Question: when was it released?

Answer: 1997

Explanation: "Just Cruisin'" is a single by American rapper Will Smith. It features on "" and the UK release of his debut studio album "Big Willie Style" (1997).

Just Cruisin' [SEP] Introduction


Context: Due to injuries from the alien attack.

Context: is this a movie?

Context: what is it about?

Context: by whom is the film directed?

Context: Roland Emmerich

Context: and produced by?

Context: 20th Century Fox

Context: where is the first actor from?

Context: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Context: Yes, he has a solo music career.

Context: "Just Cruisin" and "Men in Black"

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: when was it released?

Question: is this singer/actor philanthropic in nature?

Answer: Yes, he gave $1.3 million to charities in 2007, of which $450,000 went to two Christian ministries, and $122,500 went to three Scientology organizations.

Explanation: Smith gave $1.3 million to charities in 2007, of which $450,000 went to two Christian ministries, and $122,500 went to three Scientology organizations; the remaining beneficiaries included "a Los Angeles mosque, other Christian-based schools and churches, and ... the Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Center in Israel." Smith and his wife have also founded a private elementary school in Calabasas, California, the New Village Leadership Academy. Federal tax filing showed that Smith donated $1.2 million to the school in 2010.

Will Smith [SEP] Philanthropy


Question: what is compsognathus?

Answer: A genus of small, bipedal, carnivorous theropod dinosaur.

Compsognathus [SEP] Introduction

Compsognathus (; Greek "kompsos"/κομψός; "elegant", "refined" or "dainty", and "gnathos"/γνάθος; "jaw") is a genus of small, bipedal, carnivorous theropod dinosaur. Members of its single species Compsognathus longipes could grow to around the size of a turkey. They lived about 150 million years ago, during the Tithonian age of the late Jurassic period, in what is now Europe. Paleontologists have found two well-preserved fossils, one in Germany in the 1850s and the second in France more than a century later. Today, "C. longipes" is the only recognized species, although the larger specimen discovered in France in the 1970s was once thought to belong to a separate species and named "C.


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: A genus of small, bipedal, carnivorous theropod dinosaur.

Question: how does it look like?

Answer: Chicken-sized, small, bipedal, long hind legs; the forelimbs were smaller than the hindlimbs; the hand bore two large, clawed digits and a third, smaller digit that may have been non-functional; delicate long narrow skull with tapered snouts.

Explanation:
For decades, "Compsognathus" were famed as the smallest dinosaurs known; the first specimen collected was around in length. However, dinosaurs discovered later, such as "Caenagnathasia", "Microraptor" and "Parvicursor", were even smaller. The largest "Compsognathus" specimen is estimated to have weighed somewhere between .

"Compsognathus" were small, bipedal animals with long hind legs and longer tails, which they used for balance during locomotion. The forelimbs were smaller than the hindlimbs. The hand bore two large, clawed digits and a third, smaller digit that may have been non-functional. Their delicate skulls were narrow and long, with tapered snouts. The skull had five pairs of fenestrae (skull openings), the largest of which was for the orbit (eye socket), with the eyes being larger in proportion to the rest of the skull.

Compsognathus [SEP] Description


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: Chicken-sized, small, bipedal, long hind legs; the forelimbs were smaller than the hindlimbs; the hand bore two large, clawed digits and a third, smaller digit that may have been non-functional; delicate long narrow skull with tapered snouts.

Question: who discovered the species?

Answer: Joseph Oberndorfer

Compsognathus [SEP] Discovery and species

"Compsognathus" is known from two almost complete skeletons, one from Germany that is long and another from France that is long. The physician and fossil collector Joseph Oberndorfer acquired the German specimen (BSP AS I 563) in 1859, discovered about the same year in the lithographic limestone deposits in the Riedenburg-Kelheim region of Bavaria, in the Jurassic part of a lagoonal region known as the Solnhofen archipelago. The limestone of this area has also yielded such well-preserved fossils as "Archaeopteryx" with feather impressions and some pterosaurs with imprints of their wing membranes. The German "Compsognathus" fossil itself most likely came from the Painten Formation of the Kapfelberg locality, specifically dated to the uppermost Kimmeridgian stage (150.8 million years ago); however, alternative possibilities include quarries near Jachenhausen or Goldberg, both from the Tithonian, to which stage "Compsognathus" has traditionally been dated.


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Question: were there any films or literature which speaks of these species?

Answer: Yes - in Children's dinosaur books, in the movie - Jurassic Park III

Compsognathus [SEP] In popular culture

Children's dinosaur books commonly feature "Compsognathus". For a long time they were unique in their small size, as most other small dinosaurs were discovered and described a century or more later. These animals have appeared in the movies "", "Jurassic Park III" and "". In "The Lost World: Jurassic Park", one of the characters incorrectly identifies the species as ""Compsognathus triassicus"", combining the genus name of "Compsognathus longipes" with the specific name of "Procompsognathus triassicus", a distantly related small carnivore featured in the "Jurassic Park" novels.


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: were there any films or literature which speaks of these species?

Context: Yes - in Children's dinosaur books, in the movie - Jurassic Park III

Question: what techniques were used in the film to bring the creatures on the screen?

Answer: Computer-generated imagery (CGI), animatronics.

Jurassic Park III [SEP] Creatures on screen

As with the previous films, Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) provided dinosaurs through computer-generated imagery (CGI), while Stan Winston and his team provided animatronics. The animatronics were more advanced than those used in previous films, and included the ability to blink, for an increased sense of realism. While animatronics were used for close-up shots, other scenes used sticks with pictures of dinosaur heads attached, as placeholders to which the actors could react. Puppeteers worked together to create the "T. rex", "Spinosaurus", and "Velociraptor" movements. Multiple puppeteers were assigned to operate different parts of each animatronic dinosaur, and in some cases it would take hours of practice for a dinosaur's puppeteers to perform in sync.


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: what techniques were used in the film to bring the creatures on the screen?

Context: Computer-generated imagery (CGI), animatronics.

Question: where was the film shot?

Answer: Mokulēia, Hawaii ;  Occidental College in Los Angeles, California

Explanation:
Filming began at Dillingham Airfield in Mokulēia, Hawaii, and continued on Oahu during early September 2000. Filming in Oahu included Heeia Kea Ranch. Aerial footage of Molokai's North Shore cliffs was then filmed over a two-day period, followed by a week of filming in Kauai, where locations included Hanalei Valley and rain forests in the Manoa Valley. Filming in Hawaii concluded in mid-September 2000, after scenes were shot at the South Fork of Kauai's Wailua River. By that time, John August had been hired to do the uncredited script revisions, which were followed by additional work from Buchman. Macy also wrote a scene.

After the Hawaii shoot, production moved to California. A dinosaur lecture given by the character of Alan Grant was filmed at Occidental College in Los Angeles on October 10, 2000. Scenes were filmed at Center Bay Studios in Los Angeles at the end of October. Other filming locations in California included a rock quarry in Irwindale, while the interior of the InGen co

Jurassic Park III [SEP] Locations


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: Mokulēia, Hawaii ;  Occidental College in Los Angeles, California

Question: can you tell me something about the latter technique?

Answer: It is a multi-disciplinary field which integrates puppetry, anatomy and mechatronics.

Explanation: Animatronics is a multi-disciplinary field which integrates puppetry, anatomy and mechatronics. Animatronic figures can be implemented using both computer control and human control, including teleoperation. Motion actuators are often used to imitate muscle movements and create realistic motions in limbs. Figures are usually covered with body shells and flexible skins made of hard and soft plastic materials and finished with details like colors, hair and feathers and other components to make the figure more lifelike.

Animatronics [SEP] Introduction

Animatronics refers to mechatronic puppets. They are a modern variant of the automaton and are often used for the portrayal of characters in films and in theme park attractions. Before the term "animatronics" became common, they were usually referred to as "robots". Since then, robots have become known as more practical programmable machines that do not necessarily resemble living creatures. Robots (or other artificial beings) designed to convincingly resemble humans are known as "androids". Animatronics is a multi-disciplinary field which integrates puppetry, anatomy and mechatronics. Animatronic figures can be implemented using both computer control and human control, including teleoperation. Motion actuators are often used to imitate muscle movements and create realistic motions in limbs.


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: can you tell me something about the latter technique?

Context: It is a multi-disciplinary field which integrates puppetry, anatomy and mechatronics.

Question: how is emotion captured?

Answer: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Explanation: Mimicking the often subtle displays of humans and other living creatures, and the associated movement is a challenging task when developing animatronics. One of the most common emotional models is the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) developed by Ekman and Friesen. FACS defines that through facial expression, humans can recognize 6 basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise. Another theory is that of Ortony, Clore, and Collins, or the OCC model which defines 22 different emotional categories.

Animatronics [SEP] Emotion modeling


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Question: what process is that?

Answer: A system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face

Facial Action Coding System [SEP] Introduction

Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face, based on a system originally developed by a Swedish anatomist named Carl-Herman Hjortsjö. It was later adopted by Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen, and published in 1978. Ekman, Friesen, and Joseph C. Hager published a significant update to FACS in 2002. Movements of individual facial muscles are encoded by FACS from slight different instant changes in facial appearance. It is a common standard to systematically categorize the physical expression of emotions, and it has proven useful to psychologists and to animators.


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Context: what process is that?

Context: A system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face

Question: what sort of behavior codes are used?

Answer: Gross behavior codes

Explanation: These codes are reserved for recording information about gross behaviors that may be relevant to the facial actions that are scored.

Facial Action Coding System [SEP] Gross behavior codes


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Context: what process is that?

Context: what sort of behavior codes are used?

Context: Gross behavior codes

Question: is there any relation between the technique discussed above and artificial intelligence?

Answer: The fusion of animatronics with artificial intelligence results in androids.

Explanation:
The fusion of animatronics with artificial intelligence results in androids, as is usually known, robots that imitate human behavior. We have a technique capable of providing the appearance and behavior of living beings to machines. We are 'humanizing' robots. But it's not only the movements that look very real, but also, it seems real thanks to the synthetic skin they have used and makeup.

The Disney company is about to use animatronics and artificial intelligence to simulate one of their characters in real life: Pascal, one of the characters in the movie "Tangled".

On the other hand, Dubai is already using police robots created by PAL Robotics.

Animatronics [SEP] Animatronics and artificial intelligence


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Context: what process is that?

Context: what sort of behavior codes are used?

Context: Gross behavior codes

Context: is there any relation between the technique discussed above and artificial intelligence?

Context: The fusion of animatronics with artificial intelligence results in androids.

Question: how is it used in advertising?

Answer: For Cadbury Schweppes' advertisement, a gorilla was used which featured an actor inside a gorilla suit with an animatronically animated face.

Explanation:
The British advertisement campaign for Cadbury Schweppes titled "Gorilla" featured an actor inside a gorilla suit with an animatronically animated face.

The Slowskys was an advertising campaign for Comcast Cable's Xfinity broadband Internet service. The ad features two animatronic turtles, and it won the gold Effie Award in 2007.

Animatronics [SEP] Advertising


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Context: what process is that?

Context: what sort of behavior codes are used?

Context: Gross behavior codes

Context: how is it used in advertising?

Context: For Cadbury Schweppes' advertisement, a gorilla was used which featured an actor inside a gorilla suit with an animatronically animated face.

Question: what is the diet of the animal mentioned above?

Answer: Leaves, stems, pith, shoots, fruit

Explanation:
A gorilla's day is divided between rest periods and travel or feeding periods. Diets differ between and within species. Mountain gorillas mostly eat foliage, such as leaves, stems, pith, and shoots, while fruit makes up a very small part of their diets. Mountain gorilla food is widely distributed and neither individuals nor groups have to compete with one another. Their home ranges vary from 3 to 15 km (1.16 to 5.79 mi), and their movements range around or less on an average day. Despite eating a few species in each habitat, mountain gorillas have flexible diets and can live in a variety of habitats.

Eastern lowland gorillas have more diverse diets, which vary seasonally. Leaves and pith are commonly eaten, but fruits can make up as much as 25% of their diets.

Gorilla [SEP] Food and foraging


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Context: what process is that?

Context: what sort of behavior codes are used?

Context: Gross behavior codes

Context: how is it used in advertising?

Context: what is the diet of the animal mentioned above?

Context: Leaves, stems, pith, shoots, fruit

Question: any instances to prove their intelligence?

Answer: They can learn a subset of sign language; gorillas can laugh, grieve, develop strong family bonds, make and use tools, and think about the past and future

Explanation: Gorillas are considered highly intelligent. A few individuals in captivity, such as Koko, have been taught a subset of sign language. Like the other great apes, gorillas can laugh, grieve, have "rich emotional lives", develop strong family bonds, make and use tools, and think about the past and future. Some researchers believe gorillas have spiritual feelings or religious sentiments. They have been shown to have cultures in different areas revolving around different methods of food preparation, and will show individual colour preferences.

Gorilla [SEP] Intelligence


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Context: what process is that?

Context: what sort of behavior codes are used?

Context: Gross behavior codes

Context: how is it used in advertising?

Context: Leaves, stems, pith, shoots, fruit

Context: any instances to prove their intelligence?

Context: They can learn a subset of sign language; gorillas can laugh, grieve, develop strong family bonds, make and use tools, and think about the past and future

Question: is there any need for it to be conserved?

Answer: Yes - they are endangered or critically endangered

Gorilla [SEP] Conservation status

All species (and subspecies) of gorilla are listed as endangered or critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Now, over 100,000 western lowland gorillas are thought to exist in the wild, with 4,000 in zoos, thanks to conservation; eastern lowland gorillas have a population of under 5,000 in the wild and 24 in zoos. Mountain gorillas are the most severely endangered, with an estimated population of about 880 left in the wild and none in zoos. Threats to gorilla survival include habitat destruction and poaching for the bushmeat trade. In 2004, a population of several hundred gorillas in the Odzala National Park, Republic of Congo was essentially wiped out by the Ebola virus.


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Context: what process is that?

Context: what sort of behavior codes are used?

Context: Gross behavior codes

Context: how is it used in advertising?

Context: Leaves, stems, pith, shoots, fruit

Context: is there any need for it to be conserved?

Context: Yes - they are endangered or critically endangered

Question: which organization certifies it?

Answer: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

Explanation: All species (and subspecies) of gorilla are listed as endangered or critically endangered on the IUCN Red List

Gorilla [SEP] Conservation status


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: A genus of small, bipedal, carnivorous theropod dinosaur.

Context: how does it look like?

Context: Chicken-sized, small, bipedal, long hind legs; the forelimbs were smaller than the hindlimbs; the hand bore two large, clawed digits and a third, smaller digit that may have been non-functional; delicate long narrow skull with tapered snouts.

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: were there any films or literature which speaks of these species?

Context: Yes - in Children's dinosaur books, in the movie - Jurassic Park III

Context: what techniques were used in the film to bring the creatures on the screen?

Context: Computer-generated imagery (CGI), animatronics.

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: Mokulēia, Hawaii ;  Occidental College in Los Angeles, California

Context: can you tell me something about the latter technique?

Context: It is a multi-disciplinary field which integrates puppetry, anatomy and mechatronics.

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Context: what process is that?

Context: A system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face

Context: what sort of behavior codes are used?

Context: Gross behavior codes

Context: is there any relation between the technique discussed above and artificial intelligence?

Context: The fusion of animatronics with artificial intelligence results in androids.

Context: how is it used in advertising?

Context: For Cadbury Schweppes' advertisement, a gorilla was used which featured an actor inside a gorilla suit with an animatronically animated face.

Context: what is the diet of the animal mentioned above?

Context: Leaves, stems, pith, shoots, fruit

Context: any instances to prove their intelligence?

Context: They can learn a subset of sign language; gorillas can laugh, grieve, develop strong family bonds, make and use tools, and think about the past and future

Context: is there any need for it to be conserved?

Context: Yes - they are endangered or critically endangered

Context: which organization certifies it?

Context: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

Question: can you name a few plants that were under threat as per 1964?

Answer: It can be checked in the online Red List and the 1997 plants Red List publication.

Explanation: The 1964 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants used the older pre-criteria Red List assessment system. Plants listed may not, therefore, appear in the current Red List. IUCN advise that it is best to check both the online Red List and the 1997 plants Red List publication.

IUCN Red List [SEP] 1964 Red List of Threatened Plants


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: A genus of small, bipedal, carnivorous theropod dinosaur.

Context: how does it look like?

Context: Chicken-sized, small, bipedal, long hind legs; the forelimbs were smaller than the hindlimbs; the hand bore two large, clawed digits and a third, smaller digit that may have been non-functional; delicate long narrow skull with tapered snouts.

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: were there any films or literature which speaks of these species?

Context: Yes - in Children's dinosaur books, in the movie - Jurassic Park III

Context: what techniques were used in the film to bring the creatures on the screen?

Context: Computer-generated imagery (CGI), animatronics.

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: Mokulēia, Hawaii ;  Occidental College in Los Angeles, California

Context: can you tell me something about the latter technique?

Context: It is a multi-disciplinary field which integrates puppetry, anatomy and mechatronics.

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Context: what process is that?

Context: A system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face

Context: what sort of behavior codes are used?

Context: Gross behavior codes

Context: is there any relation between the technique discussed above and artificial intelligence?

Context: The fusion of animatronics with artificial intelligence results in androids.

Context: how is it used in advertising?

Context: For Cadbury Schweppes' advertisement, a gorilla was used which featured an actor inside a gorilla suit with an animatronically animated face.

Context: what is the diet of the animal mentioned above?

Context: Leaves, stems, pith, shoots, fruit

Context: any instances to prove their intelligence?

Context: They can learn a subset of sign language; gorillas can laugh, grieve, develop strong family bonds, make and use tools, and think about the past and future

Context: is there any need for it to be conserved?

Context: Yes - they are endangered or critically endangered

Context: which organization certifies it?

Context: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

Context: can you name a few plants that were under threat as per 1964?

Context: It can be checked in the online Red List and the 1997 plants Red List publication.

Question: where is the organization located?

Answer: Gland, Switzerland

Explanation: IUCN has a membership of over 1400 governmental and non-governmental organizations. Some 16,000 scientists and experts participate in the work of IUCN commissions on a voluntary basis. It employs approximately 1000 full-time staff in more than 50 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland.

International Union for Conservation of Nature [SEP] Introduction

IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice, and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider public for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. IUCN has a membership of over 1400 governmental and non-governmental organizations. Some 16,000 scientists and experts participate in the work of IUCN commissions on a voluntary basis. It employs approximately 1000 full-time staff in more than 50 countries.


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: A genus of small, bipedal, carnivorous theropod dinosaur.

Context: how does it look like?

Context: Chicken-sized, small, bipedal, long hind legs; the forelimbs were smaller than the hindlimbs; the hand bore two large, clawed digits and a third, smaller digit that may have been non-functional; delicate long narrow skull with tapered snouts.

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: were there any films or literature which speaks of these species?

Context: Yes - in Children's dinosaur books, in the movie - Jurassic Park III

Context: what techniques were used in the film to bring the creatures on the screen?

Context: Computer-generated imagery (CGI), animatronics.

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: Mokulēia, Hawaii ;  Occidental College in Los Angeles, California

Context: can you tell me something about the latter technique?

Context: It is a multi-disciplinary field which integrates puppetry, anatomy and mechatronics.

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Context: what process is that?

Context: A system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face

Context: what sort of behavior codes are used?

Context: Gross behavior codes

Context: is there any relation between the technique discussed above and artificial intelligence?

Context: The fusion of animatronics with artificial intelligence results in androids.

Context: how is it used in advertising?

Context: For Cadbury Schweppes' advertisement, a gorilla was used which featured an actor inside a gorilla suit with an animatronically animated face.

Context: what is the diet of the animal mentioned above?

Context: Leaves, stems, pith, shoots, fruit

Context: any instances to prove their intelligence?

Context: They can learn a subset of sign language; gorillas can laugh, grieve, develop strong family bonds, make and use tools, and think about the past and future

Context: is there any need for it to be conserved?

Context: Yes - they are endangered or critically endangered

Context: which organization certifies it?

Context: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

Context: can you name a few plants that were under threat as per 1964?

Context: It can be checked in the online Red List and the 1997 plants Red List publication.

Context: where is the organization located?

Context: Gland, Switzerland

Question: what nature based solutions have been provided by them?

Answer: To work with ecosystems rather than relying on conventional engineering interventions, to adapt to and mitigate climate change effects, while improving sustainable livelihoods and protecting natural ecosystems

International Union for Conservation of Nature [SEP] Championing Nature-based Solutions: 2009 to present day

Nature-based solutions (NbS) use ecosystems and the services they provide to address societal challenges such as climate change, food security or natural disasters. The emergence of the NbS concept in environmental sciences and nature conservation contexts came as international organisations, such as IUCN and the World Bank, searched for solutions to work with ecosystems rather than relying on conventional engineering interventions (such as seawalls), to adapt to and mitigate climate change effects, while improving sustainable livelihoods and protecting natural ecosystems and biodiversity. At the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2016, IUCN Members agreed on a definition of nature-based solutions. Members also called for governments to include nature-based solutions in strategies to combat climate change.


Context: what is compsognathus?

Context: A genus of small, bipedal, carnivorous theropod dinosaur.

Context: how does it look like?

Context: Chicken-sized, small, bipedal, long hind legs; the forelimbs were smaller than the hindlimbs; the hand bore two large, clawed digits and a third, smaller digit that may have been non-functional; delicate long narrow skull with tapered snouts.

Context: who discovered the species?

Context: Joseph Oberndorfer

Context: were there any films or literature which speaks of these species?

Context: Yes - in Children's dinosaur books, in the movie - Jurassic Park III

Context: what techniques were used in the film to bring the creatures on the screen?

Context: Computer-generated imagery (CGI), animatronics.

Context: where was the film shot?

Context: Mokulēia, Hawaii ;  Occidental College in Los Angeles, California

Context: can you tell me something about the latter technique?

Context: It is a multi-disciplinary field which integrates puppetry, anatomy and mechatronics.

Context: how is emotion captured?

Context: Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Context: what process is that?

Context: A system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face

Context: what sort of behavior codes are used?

Context: Gross behavior codes

Context: is there any relation between the technique discussed above and artificial intelligence?

Context: The fusion of animatronics with artificial intelligence results in androids.

Context: how is it used in advertising?

Context: For Cadbury Schweppes' advertisement, a gorilla was used which featured an actor inside a gorilla suit with an animatronically animated face.

Context: what is the diet of the animal mentioned above?

Context: Leaves, stems, pith, shoots, fruit

Context: any instances to prove their intelligence?

Context: They can learn a subset of sign language; gorillas can laugh, grieve, develop strong family bonds, make and use tools, and think about the past and future

Context: is there any need for it to be conserved?

Context: Yes - they are endangered or critically endangered

Context: which organization certifies it?

Context: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

Context: can you name a few plants that were under threat as per 1964?

Context: It can be checked in the online Red List and the 1997 plants Red List publication.

Context: where is the organization located?

Context: Gland, Switzerland

Context: what nature based solutions have been provided by them?

Context: To work with ecosystems rather than relying on conventional engineering interventions, to adapt to and mitigate climate change effects, while improving sustainable livelihoods and protecting natural ecosystems

Question: when was it established?

Answer: 5 October 1948

International Union for Conservation of Nature [SEP] Establishment

IUCN was established on 5 October 1948, in Fontainebleau, France, when representatives of governments and conservation organizations spurred by UNESCO signed a formal act constituting the International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN). The initiative to set up the new organisation came from UNESCO and especially from its first Director General, the British biologist Julian Huxley. At the time of its founding IUPN was the only international organisation focusing on the entire spectrum of nature conservation (an international organisation for the protection of birds, now BirdLife International, had been established in 1922.)


Question: which planet is saturn?

Answer: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Explanation: Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun

Saturn [SEP] Introduction

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius of about nine times that of Earth. It only has one-eighth the average density of Earth; however, with its larger volume, Saturn is over 95 times more massive. Saturn is named after the Roman god of wealth and agriculture; its astronomical symbol (♄) represents the god's sickle. Saturn's interior is most likely composed of a core of iron–nickel and rock (silicon and oxygen compounds). Its core is surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an intermediate layer of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, and finally a gaseous outer layer.


Context:
which planet is saturn?
It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Question: tell me one of its physical features?

Answer: It is a gas giant with an average radius of about nine times that of Earth.

Explanation: It is a gas giant with an average radius of about nine times that of Earth.

Saturn [SEP] Introduction


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: It is a gas giant with an average radius of about nine times that of Earth.

Question: what is this last one you mentioned?

Answer: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Earth [SEP] Introduction

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. About 29% of Earth's surface is land consisting of continents and islands. The remaining 71% is covered with water, mostly by oceans but also lakes, rivers and other fresh water, which together constitute the hydrosphere. The majority of Earth's polar regions are covered in ice, including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack. Earth's outer layer is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over many millions of years. Earth's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates Earth's magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics.


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Question: how is the atmosphere around the former planet?

Answer: The outer atmosphere of Saturn contains 96.3% molecular hydrogen and 3.25% helium by volume.

Saturn [SEP] Atmosphere

The outer atmosphere of Saturn contains 96.3% molecular hydrogen and 3.25% helium by volume. The proportion of helium is significantly deficient compared to the abundance of this element in the Sun. The quantity of elements heavier than helium (metallicity) is not known precisely, but the proportions are assumed to match the primordial abundances from the formation of the Solar System. The total mass of these heavier elements is estimated to be 19–31 times the mass of the Earth, with a significant fraction located in Saturn's core region. Trace amounts of ammonia, acetylene, ethane, propane, phosphine, and methane have been detected in Saturn's atmosphere.


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Context: how is the atmosphere around the former planet?

Context: The outer atmosphere of Saturn contains 96.3% molecular hydrogen and 3.25% helium by volume.

Question: which spacecraft was sent to it?

Answer: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe .

Saturn [SEP] "Cassini–Huygens" spacecraft

The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe entered orbit around Saturn on 1 July 2004. In June 2004, it conducted a close flyby of Phoebe, sending back high-resolution images and data. "Cassini" flyby of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, captured radar images of large lakes and their coastlines with numerous islands and mountains. The orbiter completed two Titan flybys before releasing the "Huygens" probe on 25 December 2004. "Huygens" descended onto the surface of Titan on 14 January 2005. Starting in early 2005, scientists used "Cassini" to track lightning on Saturn. The power of the lightning is approximately 1,000 times that of lightning on Earth.


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Context: which spacecraft was sent to it?

Context: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe .

Question: which ring does it has?

Answer: It has planetary rings composed mostly of water ice.

Saturn [SEP] Planetary rings

Saturn is probably best known for the system of planetary rings that makes it visually unique. The rings extend from outward from Saturn's equator and average approximately in thickness. They are composed predominantly of water ice, with trace amounts of tholin impurities and a peppered coating of approximately 7% amorphous carbon. The particles that make up the rings range in size from specks of dust up to 10 m. While the other gas giants also have ring systems, Saturn's is the largest and most visible. There are two main hypotheses regarding the origin of the rings. One hypothesis is that the rings are remnants of a destroyed moon of Saturn.


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Context: which spacecraft was sent to it?

Context: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe .

Context: which ring does it has?

Context: It has planetary rings composed mostly of water ice.

Question: where did the probe get its name from?

Answer: From Giovanni Domenico Cassini and Christiaan Huygens.

Cassini–Huygens [SEP] Naming

The mission consisted of two main elements: the ASI/NASA "Cassini" orbiter, named for the Italian astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini, discoverer of Saturn's ring divisions and four of its satellites; and the ESA-developed "Huygens" probe, named for the Dutch astronomer, mathematician and physicist Christiaan Huygens, discoverer of Titan. The mission was commonly called Saturn Orbiter Titan Probe (SOTP) during gestation, both as a Mariner Mark II mission and generically. "Cassini-Huygens" was a Flagship-class mission to the outer planets. The other planetary flagships include "Galileo", Voyager, and Viking.


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Context: which spacecraft was sent to it?

Context: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe .

Context: which ring does it has?

Context: where did the probe get its name from?

Context: From Giovanni Domenico Cassini and Christiaan Huygens.

Question: when was it sent to that particular thing in the space?

Answer: 15 October 1997.

Cassini–Huygens [SEP] Introduction

The Cassini–Huygens space-research mission ( ), commonly called Cassini, involved a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites. The Flagship-class robotic spacecraft comprised both NASA's "Cassini" probe and ESA's "Huygens" lander, which landed on Saturn's largest moon, Titan. "Cassini" was the fourth space probe to visit Saturn and the first to enter its orbit. The two craft took their names from the astronomers Giovanni Cassini and Christiaan Huygens. Launched aboard a Titan IVB/Centaur on October 15, 1997, "Cassini" was active in space for nearly 20 years, with 13 years spent orbiting Saturn and studying the planet and its system after entering orbit on July 1, 2004.


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Context: which spacecraft was sent to it?

Context: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe .

Context: which ring does it has?

Context: where did the probe get its name from?

Context: when was it sent to that particular thing in the space?

Context: 15 October 1997.

Question: what was the former person's profession?

Answer: He was an mathematician, astronomer and engineer.

Giovanni Domenico Cassini [SEP] Introduction

Giovanni Domenico Cassini, also known as Jean-Dominique Cassini (8 June 1625 – 14 September 1712) was an Italian (naturalised French) mathematician, astronomer and engineer. Cassini was born in Perinaldo, near Imperia, at that time in the County of Nice, part of the Savoyard state. Cassini is known for his work in the fields of astronomy and engineering. Cassini discovered four satellites of the planet Saturn and noted the division of the rings of Saturn; the Cassini Division was named after him. Giovanni Domenico Cassini was also the first of his family to begin work on the project of creating a topographic map of France.


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Context: which spacecraft was sent to it?

Context: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe .

Context: which ring does it has?

Context: where did the probe get its name from?

Context: 15 October 1997.

Context: what was the former person's profession?

Context: He was an mathematician, astronomer and engineer.

Question: what does the second one do in general?

Answer: An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.

Astronomer [SEP] Introduction

An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. Related but distinct subjects like physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational and theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of celestial objects and analyze the data.


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Context: which spacecraft was sent to it?

Context: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe .

Context: which ring does it has?

Context: where did the probe get its name from?

Context: 15 October 1997.

Context: what does the second one do in general?

Context: An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.

Question: was this field present during ancient times also?

Answer: Yes, it was concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky.

Astronomer [SEP] Academic

Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using physical laws. Today, that distinction has mostly disappeared and the terms "astronomer" and "astrophysicist" are interchangeable. Professional astronomers are highly educated individuals who typically have a PhD in physics or astronomy and are employed by research institutions or universities. They spend the majority of their time working on research, although they quite often have other duties such as teaching, building instruments, or aiding in the operation of an observatory. The number of professional astronomers in the United States is actually quite small.


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Context: which spacecraft was sent to it?

Context: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe .

Context: which ring does it has?

Context: where did the probe get its name from?

Context: 15 October 1997.

Context: what does the second one do in general?

Context: was this field present during ancient times also?

Context: Yes, it was concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky.

Question: what is still unsolved in this field?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Astronomer [SEP] Academic


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Context: which spacecraft was sent to it?

Context: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe .

Context: which ring does it has?

Context: where did the probe get its name from?

Context: 15 October 1997.

Context: what does the second one do in general?

Context: what is still unsolved in this field?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you tell me any one thing that the former person had done when he was in this field?

Answer: Cassini discovered four satellites of the planet Saturn and noted the division of the rings of Saturn.

Explanation: Cassini is known for his work in the fields of astronomy and engineering. Cassini discovered four satellites of the planet Saturn and noted the division of the rings of Saturn


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Context: which spacecraft was sent to it?

Context: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe .

Context: which ring does it has?

Context: where did the probe get its name from?

Context: 15 October 1997.

Context: what does the second one do in general?

Context: what is still unsolved in this field?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you tell me any one thing that the former person had done when he was in this field?

Context: Cassini discovered four satellites of the planet Saturn and noted the division of the rings of Saturn.

Question: is it possible to name any one of them?

Answer: Iapetus and Rhea , and Tethys and Dione.

Giovanni Domenico Cassini [SEP] Astronomer

Cassini was an astronomer at the Panzano Observatory, from 1648 to 1669. He was appointed professor of astronomy at the University of Bologna in 1650 and became, in 1671, director of the Paris Observatory. He thoroughly adopted his new country, to the extent that he became interchangeably known as Jean-Dominique Cassini – although that is also the name of his great-grandson, Dominique, comte de Cassini. Cassini observed and published surface markings on Mars (earlier seen by Christiaan Huygens but not published), determined the rotation periods of Mars and Jupiter, and discovered four satellites of Saturn: Iapetus and Rhea in 1671 and 1672, and Tethys and Dione (1684).


Context: which planet is saturn?

Context: It is the sixth planet from the sun.

Context: tell me one of its physical features?

Context: what is this last one you mentioned?

Context: Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Context: which spacecraft was sent to it?

Context: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe .

Context: which ring does it has?

Context: where did the probe get its name from?

Context: 15 October 1997.

Context: what does the second one do in general?

Context: what is still unsolved in this field?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it possible to name any one of them?

Context: Iapetus and Rhea , and Tethys and Dione.

Question: how is this first one related to mythology?

Answer: According to Greek mythology he was a Titan, the son of Uranus and Gaia .

Iapetus [SEP] Introduction

In Greek mythology, Iapetus () (also Japetus ( "Iapetos")) was a Titan, the son of Uranus and Gaia and father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius. He was also called the father of Buphagus and Anchiale in other sources. Iapetus has been equated with Japheth (יֶפֶת) the son of Noah as the progenitor of mankind based on the similarity of their names and the tradition. Iapetus was linked to Japheth by 17th-century theologian Matthew Poole, Robert Graves, and John Pairman Brown.