Question: what is the timor leste defence force?

Answer: A military body responsible for the defence of East Timor.

Timor Leste Defence Force [SEP] Introduction

The Timor Leste Defence Force (, or Falintil-FDTL, often F-FDTL) is the military body responsible for the defence of East Timor. The F-FDTL was established in February 2001 and comprises two infantry battalions, small naval and air components and several supporting units. The F-FDTL's primary role is to protect East Timor from external threats. It also has an internal security role, which overlaps with that of the Policia Nacional de Timor Leste (PNTL). This overlap has led to tensions between the services, which have been exacerbated by poor morale and lack of discipline within the F-FDTL. The F-FDTL's problems came to a head in 2006 when almost half the force was dismissed following protests over discrimination and poor conditions.


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: A military body responsible for the defence of East Timor.

Question: when was it formed?

Answer: February 2001

Explanation: The F-FDTL was established in February 2001


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Question: by whom?

Answer: From the national liberation movement guerrilla army known as FALINTIL

Timor Leste Defence Force [SEP] Pre-independence

The F-FDTL was formed from the national liberation movement guerrilla army known as FALINTIL (Portuguese acronym for "Forças Armadas de Libertação de Timor-Leste" or Armed Forces for the Liberation of East Timor). During the period before 1999 some East Timorese leaders, including the current President José Ramos-Horta, proposed that a future East Timorese state would not have a military. The widespread violence and destruction that followed the independence referendum in 1999 and the need to provide employment to FALINTIL veterans led to a change in policy. The inadequate number of police officers who were deployed to East Timor as part of the United Nations-led peacekeeping force contributed to high rates of crime.


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: From the national liberation movement guerrilla army known as FALINTIL

Question: why was it formed?

Answer: Before 1999 some East Timorese leaders,  proposed that a future East Timorese state would not have a military. The widespread violence and destruction that followed the independence referendum in 1999 and the need to provide employment to FALINTIL veterans led to a change in policy.

Explanation: During the period before 1999 some East Timorese leaders, including the current President José Ramos-Horta, proposed that a future East Timorese state would not have a military. The widespread violence and destruction that followed the independence referendum in 1999 and the need to provide employment to FALINTIL veterans led to a change in policy.


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: Before 1999 some East Timorese leaders,  proposed that a future East Timorese state would not have a military. The widespread violence and destruction that followed the independence referendum in 1999 and the need to provide employment to FALINTIL veterans led to a change in policy.

Question: what is the full form of the national liberation movement guerrilla army that you mentioned?

Answer: Forças Armadas de Libertação de Timor-Leste

Explanation: The F-FDTL was formed from the national liberation movement guerrilla army known as FALINTIL (Portuguese acronym for "Forças Armadas de Libertação de Timor-Leste" or Armed Forces for the Liberation of East Timor)


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: what is the full form of the national liberation movement guerrilla army that you mentioned?

Context: Forças Armadas de Libertação de Timor-Leste

Question: what are its different ranks?

Answer: Similar to the Portuguese Armed Forces. Example -officers, sergeants

Explanation: Accordingly, with their level of responsibility and authority, Portuguese military personnel are divided in three categories: officers ("oficiais"), sergeants ("sargentos") and other ranks ("praças"). Officers are further divided in three subcategories: general officers ("oficiais generais"), senior officers ("oficiais superiores") and junior officers ("oficiais subalternos").

Portuguese Armed Forces [SEP] Ranks and categories


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: what are its different ranks?

Context: Similar to the Portuguese Armed Forces. Example -officers, sergeants

Question: how many members does it comprise of?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: what are its different ranks?

Context: how many members does it comprise of?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who is the leader?

Answer: Major General Lere Anan Timur

Explanation: Major General Lere Anan Timur is a Timorese General who serves as the incumbent Commander of the F-FDTL. He held the position since October 6, 2011.

Lere Anan Timor [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: what are its different ranks?

Context: how many members does it comprise of?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the leader?

Context: Major General Lere Anan Timur

Question: what is its role?

Answer: To protect East Timor against external attack, supporting the suppression of civil disorder, responding to humanitarian crises and facilitating co-operation between different parts of the government.

Explanation:
The constitution of East Timor assigns the F-FDTL responsibility for protecting East Timor against external attack. The constitution states that the F-FDTL "shall guarantee national independence, territorial integrity and the freedom and security of the populations against any aggression or external threat, in respect for the constitutional order." The constitution also states that the F-FDTL "shall be non-partisan and shall owe obedience to the competent organs of sovereignty in accordance with the Constitution and the laws, and shall not intervene in political matters." The National Police of East Timor (or PNTL) and other civilian security forces are assigned responsibility for internal security. In practice the responsibilities of the F-FDTL and PNTL were not clearly delineated, and this led to conflict between the two organisations.

The East Timorese Government has broadened the F-FDTL's role over time. As what have been designated "new missions", the F-FDTL has been given respon

Timor Leste Defence Force [SEP] Role


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: what are its different ranks?

Context: how many members does it comprise of?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the leader?

Context: Major General Lere Anan Timur

Context: what is its role?

Context: To protect East Timor against external attack, supporting the suppression of civil disorder, responding to humanitarian crises and facilitating co-operation between different parts of the government.

Question: where exactly is the place you mentioned at the start?

Answer: An island country in Southeast Asia.

East Timor [SEP] Introduction

East Timor () or Timor-Leste (; Tetum: "Timór Lorosa'e"), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (, ), is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island surrounded by Indonesian West Timor. Australia is the country's southern neighbour, separated by the Timor Sea. The country's size is about 15,007 km (5,794 sq mi). East Timor was colonised by Portugal in the 16th century and was known as Portuguese Timor until 28 November 1975, when the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin) declared the territory's independence.


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: what are its different ranks?

Context: how many members does it comprise of?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the leader?

Context: Major General Lere Anan Timur

Context: what is its role?

Context: where exactly is the place you mentioned at the start?

Context: An island country in Southeast Asia.

Question: was this place occupied by a foreign force?

Answer: Yes - by Portugal and Indonesia

Explanation: East Timor was colonised by Portugal in the 16th century and was known as Portuguese Timor until 28 November 1975, when the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin) declared the territory's independence. Nine days later, it was invaded and occupied by the Indonesian military; it was declared Indonesia's 27th province the following year. The Indonesian occupation of East Timor was characterised by a highly violent, decades-long conflict between separatist groups (especially Fretilin) and the Indonesian military.

East Timor [SEP] Introduction

Nine days later, it was invaded and occupied by the Indonesian military; it was declared Indonesia's 27th province the following year. The Indonesian occupation of East Timor was characterised by a highly violent, decades-long conflict between separatist groups (especially Fretilin) and the Indonesian military. In 1999, following the United Nations-sponsored act of self-determination, Indonesia relinquished control of the territory. As "Timor-Leste", it became the first new sovereign state of the 21st century on 20 May 2002 and joined the United Nations and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. In 2011, East Timor announced its intention to become the eleventh member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: what are its different ranks?

Context: how many members does it comprise of?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the leader?

Context: Major General Lere Anan Timur

Context: what is its role?

Context: An island country in Southeast Asia.

Context: was this place occupied by a foreign force?

Context: Yes - by Portugal and Indonesia

Question: which ocean or sea is this place surrounded by?

Answer: Timor Sea, Ombai Strait, Wetar Strait, and the greater Banda Sea.

Explanation: Australia is the country's southern neighbour, separated by the Timor Sea. The country's size is about 15,007 km (5,794 sq mi).

East Timor [SEP] Introduction

It is one of only two predominantly Christian nations in Southeast Asia, the other being the Philippines, as well as the only country of Asia to be located completely in the Southern Hemisphere.


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: what are its different ranks?

Context: how many members does it comprise of?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the leader?

Context: Major General Lere Anan Timur

Context: what is its role?

Context: An island country in Southeast Asia.

Context: Yes - by Portugal and Indonesia

Context: which ocean or sea is this place surrounded by?

Context: Timor Sea, Ombai Strait, Wetar Strait, and the greater Banda Sea.

Question: what is its the population?

Answer: 1,183,643

East Timor [SEP] Demographics

East Timor recorded a population of 1,183,643 in its 2015 census. The CIA's World Factbook lists the English-language demonym for East Timor as Timorese, as does the Government of Timor-Leste's website. Other reference sources list it as East Timorese. The word "Maubere", formerly used by the Portuguese to refer to native East Timorese and often employed as synonymous with the illiterate and uneducated, was adopted by Fretilin as a term of pride. Native East Timorese consist of a number of distinct ethnic groups, most of whom are of mixed Austronesian and Melanesian/Papuan descent. The largest Malayo-Polynesian ethnic groups are the Tetum (100,000), primarily in the north coast and around Dili; the Mambai (80,000), in the central mountains; the Tukudede (63,170), in the area around Maubara and Liquiçá; the Galoli (50,000), between the tribes of Mambae and Makasae; the Kemak (50,000) in north-central Timor island; and the Baikeno (20,000), in the area around Pante Macassar.


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: what are its different ranks?

Context: how many members does it comprise of?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the leader?

Context: Major General Lere Anan Timur

Context: what is its role?

Context: An island country in Southeast Asia.

Context: Yes - by Portugal and Indonesia

Context: what is its the population?

Question: which languages are spoken?

Answer: Portuguese and Tetum

East Timor [SEP] Languages

East Timor's two official languages are Portuguese and Tetum. English and Indonesian are sometimes used. Tetum belongs to the Austronesian family of languages spoken throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific. The 2015 census found that the most commonly spoken mother tongues were Tetum Prasa (mother tongue for 30.6% of the population), Mambai (16.6%), Makasai (10.5%), Tetum Terik (6.05%), Baikenu (5.87%), Kemak (5.85%), Bunak (5.48%), Tokodede (3.97%), and Fataluku (3.52%). Other indigenous languages accounted for 10.47%, while 1.09% of the population spoke foreign languages natively. Under Indonesian rule, the use of Portuguese was banned and only Indonesian was allowed to be used in government offices, schools and public business.


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: what are its different ranks?

Context: how many members does it comprise of?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the leader?

Context: Major General Lere Anan Timur

Context: what is its role?

Context: An island country in Southeast Asia.

Context: Yes - by Portugal and Indonesia

Context: what is its the population?

Context: which languages are spoken?

Context: Portuguese and Tetum

Question: what kind of food do they eat?

Answer: pork, fish, basil, tamarind, legumes

East Timor [SEP] Cuisine

The cuisine of East Timor consists of regional popular foods such as pork, fish, basil, tamarind, legumes, corn, rice, root vegetables, and tropical fruit. East Timorese cuisine has influences from Southeast Asian cuisine and from Portuguese dishes from its colonisation by Portugal. Flavours and ingredients from other former Portuguese colonies can be found due to the centuries-old Portuguese presence on the island. Due to the East and West combination of East Timor's cuisine, it developed features related to Filipino cuisine, which also experienced an East-West culinary combination.


Context: what is the timor leste defence force?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: February 2001

Context: by whom?

Context: why was it formed?

Context: what are its different ranks?

Context: how many members does it comprise of?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the leader?

Context: Major General Lere Anan Timur

Context: what is its role?

Context: An island country in Southeast Asia.

Context: Yes - by Portugal and Indonesia

Context: what is its the population?

Context: which languages are spoken?

Context: Portuguese and Tetum

Context: what kind of food do they eat?

Context: pork, fish, basil, tamarind, legumes

Question: does this place have a police force?

Answer: Yes - Polícia Nacional de Timor-Leste (police)

East Timor [SEP] Politics and government

The number of seats can vary from a minimum of fifty-two to a maximum of sixty-five. The East Timorese constitution was modelled on that of Portugal. The country is still in the process of building its administration and governmental institutions. Government departments include the Polícia Nacional de Timor-Leste (police), East Timor Ministry for State and Internal Administration, Civil Aviation Division of Timor-Leste, and Immigration Department of Timor-Leste.


Question: what is "the judd school"?

Answer: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

The Judd School [SEP] Introduction

The Judd School (often known simply as Judd) is a voluntary aided grammar school in Tonbridge, Kent, England. It was established in 1888 at Stafford House on East Street in Tonbridge, where it remained for eight years before moving to its present location on Brook Street, in the south of the town. Founded by the Skinners Company, it was named after 16th century merchant Sir Andrew Judde, whose endowment helped fund the school. The Skinners' Company maintains close links with the school and makes up the majority of the governing body. There are 1019 students in the school aged 11 to 18; the lower school is all boys, but of 350 students aged 16–18 in the sixth form, up to 60 are girls.


Context:
what is "the judd school"?
It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Question: where is it located?

Answer: Tonbridge, Kent, England

The Judd School [SEP] Introduction


Context:
what is "the judd school"?
It is a voluntary aided grammar school.
where is it located?
Tonbridge, Kent, England

Question: where did the name of the second place originate from?

Answer: British Celtic

Kent [SEP] Etymology

The name "Kent" is believed to be of British Celtic origin. The meaning has been explained as 'coastal district,' 'corner-land' or 'land on the edge' (compare Welsh "cant" 'bordering of a circle, tire, edge,' Breton "cant" 'circle'). In Latin sources the area is called "Cantia" or "Canticum", while the Anglo-Saxons referred to it as "Cent", "Cent lond" or "Centrice".


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: where did the name of the second place originate from?

Context: British Celtic

Question: what type of climate does this place have?

Answer: It is one of the warmest parts of Britain.

Kent [SEP] Climate

Kent is one of the warmest parts of Britain. On 10 August 2003, in the hamlet of Brogdale near Faversham the temperature reached , at that time the hottest temperature ever officially recorded in the United Kingdom.


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what type of climate does this place have?

Context: It is one of the warmest parts of Britain.

Question: what sports are played here?

Answer: Football, cricket and hockey.

Kent [SEP] Sport

In association football, Kent's highest ranked football team is Gillingham FC, who play in Football League One. Maidstone United was a Football League side from 1989 until going bankrupt in 1992. Kent clubs in the higher levels of non-league football include the current incarnation of Maidstone United and Dover Athletic playing in the National League along with Ebbsfleet United, who were promoted in 2017. Dartford currently play in National League South, the sixth tier of the English football pyramid. Kent is represented in cricket by Kent County Cricket Club. The club was a founder member of the County Championship in 1890 and has won the competition, the major domestic first-class cricket competition, seven times.


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: Football, cricket and hockey.

Question: name a few leading newspapers of this place.

Answer: "Kent Messenger", "Kent on Saturday", "Kent on Sunday", and the "Kent and Sussex Courier".

Kent [SEP] Newspapers

The KM Group, KOS Media and Kent Regional News and Media all provide local newspapers for most of the large towns and cities. County-wide papers include the "Kent Messenger", "Kent on Saturday", "Kent on Sunday", and the "Kent and Sussex Courier".


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: Football, cricket and hockey.

Context: name a few leading newspapers of this place.

Context: "Kent Messenger", "Kent on Saturday", "Kent on Sunday", and the "Kent and Sussex Courier".

Question: when was the first one started?

Answer: 1859

Kent Messenger [SEP] History

The "Kent Messenger" grew from the "Maidstone Telegraph" founded in the county town of Kent in 1859. It changed to its current name two years later. It was sold to the Boorman family in 1890 after its then owners, the Masters brothers, were jailed. In 1942 the Kent Messenger offices were used by the Canterbury newspaper the "Kentish Gazette" (then not owned by the Kent Messenger Group) after the Gazette's offices were destroyed by a Luftwaffe raid on Canterbury, in order to produce that week's copy of the Gazette. The "Kent Messenger" remains the flagship newspaper for the KM Group.


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: Football, cricket and hockey.

Context: when was the first one started?

Question: where are its offices located?

Answer: Its based at the KM Group's Maidstone office.

Kent Messenger [SEP] Offices

The "Kent Messenger" is based at the KM Group's Maidstone office. The offices also housed the paper's sister radio station KMFM Maidstone until the station moved to the Medway offices in 2008.


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: Football, cricket and hockey.

Context: when was the first one started?

Context: where are its offices located?

Context: Its based at the KM Group's Maidstone office.

Question: what is the role of the group in the newspaper?

Answer: The newspaper is owned by the KM Group.

Kent Messenger [SEP] Introduction

The Kent Messenger is a weekly newspaper serving the mid-Kent area. It is published in three editions - Maidstone, Malling, and the Weald. It is owned by the KM Group and is published on Thursdays.


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: Football, cricket and hockey.

Context: when was the first one started?

Context: where are its offices located?

Context: what is the role of the group in the newspaper?

Context: The newspaper is owned by the KM Group.

Question: is the newspaper a daily, weekly or a fortnightly one?

Answer: Weekly

Explanation: The Kent Messenger is a weekly newspaper serving the mid-Kent area.

Kent Messenger [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: Football, cricket and hockey.

Context: when was the first one started?

Context: where are its offices located?

Context: The newspaper is owned by the KM Group.

Context: is the newspaper a daily, weekly or a fortnightly one?

Context: Weekly

Question: name a few more educational institutes of the place that was being discussed.

Answer: Canterbury Christ Church University, University of Kent, University of Greenwich (a London University)

Kent [SEP] Education

Kent has four universities: Canterbury Christ Church University with campuses throughout East Kent; University of Kent, with campuses in Canterbury and Medway; University of Greenwich (a London University), with sites at Woolwich, Eltham, London and Medway; the University for the Creative Arts (UCA) also has three of its five campuses in the county. Although much of Britain adopted a comprehensive education system in the 1970s, Kent County Council (KCC) and Medway Unitary Authority are among around fifteen local authorities still providing wholly selective education through the eleven-plus examination with students allocated a place at a secondary modern school or at a grammar school.


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: Football, cricket and hockey.

Context: when was the first one started?

Context: where are its offices located?

Context: The newspaper is owned by the KM Group.

Context: Weekly

Context: name a few more educational institutes of the place that was being discussed.

Context: Canterbury Christ Church University, University of Kent, University of Greenwich (a London University)

Question: by whom was it established?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Kent [SEP] Education


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: Football, cricket and hockey.

Context: when was the first one started?

Context: where are its offices located?

Context: The newspaper is owned by the KM Group.

Context: Weekly

Context: by whom was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: mention a program that is offered here.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Kent [SEP] Education


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: Football, cricket and hockey.

Context: when was the first one started?

Context: where are its offices located?

Context: The newspaper is owned by the KM Group.

Context: Weekly

Context: by whom was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: mention a program that is offered here.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: by whom was the former university established?

Answer: Church of England

Canterbury Christ Church University [SEP] Establishment

Canterbury Christ Church College (CCCC) was founded in 1962 by the Church of England in order to meet the needs of church schools at a time of teacher shortage. Classes were originally held in the priory next to St Martin's Church. The founding principal was the Revd Frederic Mason. In 1968, the first-degree programme, the Bachelor of Education, was established as a one-year extension to the Certificate in Education. In 1976, the university launched its first non-teaching degree, a BA in Religious Studies. In the late 1980s, the college was substantially enlarged by the addition of health studies and by 1988 the university had 1500 students.


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: Football, cricket and hockey.

Context: when was the first one started?

Context: where are its offices located?

Context: The newspaper is owned by the KM Group.

Context: Weekly

Context: by whom was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: mention a program that is offered here.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was the former university established?

Context: Church of England

Question: what was the role of this organization in relation to poor children?

Answer: They set up funds to tackle poverty and deprivation.

Explanation: The Church of England set up the Church Urban Fund in the 1980s to tackle poverty and deprivation. They see poverty as trapping individuals and communities with some people in urgent need. This leads to dependency, homelessness, hunger, isolation, low income, mental health problems, social exclusion and violence. They feel that poverty reduces confidence and life expectancy and that people born in poor conditions have difficulty escaping their disadvantaged circumstances.

Church of England [SEP] Church Urban Fund


Context: what is "the judd school"?

Context: It is a voluntary aided grammar school.

Context: where is it located?

Context: Tonbridge, Kent, England

Context: British Celtic

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: Football, cricket and hockey.

Context: when was the first one started?

Context: where are its offices located?

Context: The newspaper is owned by the KM Group.

Context: Weekly

Context: by whom was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: mention a program that is offered here.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Church of England

Context: what was the role of this organization in relation to poor children?

Context: They set up funds to tackle poverty and deprivation.

Question: what is the source of their funds?

Answer: Donations and various historic endowments.

Church of England [SEP] Funding and finances

Although an established church, the Church of England does not receive any direct government support. Donations comprise its largest source of income, and it also relies heavily on the income from its various historic endowments. In 2005, the Church of England had estimated total outgoings of around £900 million. The Church of England manages an investment portfolio which is worth more than £8 billion.


Question: what is the full form of the acronym in "history of bradford city a.f.c."?

Answer: Association Football Club

Explanation: Bradford City Association Football Club

History of Bradford City A.F.C. [SEP] Introduction

Bradford City Association Football Club—also known informally as Bradford City—are an English football club founded in Bradford in 1903 to introduce the sport to the West Riding of Yorkshire, which until then had been almost entirely inclined towards rugby league. Before they had even played their first game, City were elected to the Football League to replace Doncaster Rovers in Division Two, and took over the Valley Parade stadium, which has been their permanent home ground ever since. The club won the Division Two title in 1908 and the FA Cup in 1911, both under the management of Peter O'Rourke, before they were relegated from Division One in 1921–22.


Context: what is the full form of the acronym in "history of bradford city a.f.c."?

Context: Association Football Club

Question: when was it founded?

Answer: 1903

Explanation: Bradford City Association Football Club—also known informally as Bradford City—are an English football club founded in Bradford in 1903 to introduce the sport to the West Riding of Yorkshire, which until then had been almost entirely inclined towards rugby league.


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Question: where was it founded?

Answer: Bradford


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Context: where was it founded?

Context: Bradford

Question: did any revolution take place in this city?

Answer: Yes, industrial revolution

Bradford [SEP] Industrial Revolution

In 1801, Bradford was a rural market town of 6,393 people, where wool spinning and cloth weaving was carried out in local cottages and farms. Bradford was thus not much bigger than nearby Keighley (5,745) and was significantly smaller than Halifax (8,866) and Huddersfield (7,268). This small town acted as a hub for three nearby townships – Manningham, Bowling and Great and Little Horton, which were separated from the town by countryside. Blast furnaces were established in about 1788 by Hird, Dawson Hardy at Low Moor and iron was worked by the Bowling Iron Company until about 1900. Yorkshire iron was used for shackles, hooks and piston rods for locomotives, colliery cages and other mining appliances where toughness was required.


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Context: where was it founded?

Context: Bradford

Context: did any revolution take place in this city?

Context: Yes, industrial revolution

Question: can you name an industry that evolved during the revolution?

Answer: The Low Moor Company

Bradford [SEP] Industrial Revolution

The Low Moor Company also made pig iron and the company employed 1,500 men in 1929. when the municipal borough of Bradford was created in 1847 there were 46 coal mines within its boundaries. Coal output continued to expand, reaching a peak in 1868 when Bradford contributed a quarter of all the coal and iron produced in Yorkshire. The population of the township in 1841 was 34,560.


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Context: where was it founded?

Context: Bradford

Context: Yes, industrial revolution

Context: can you name an industry that evolved during the revolution?

Context: The Low Moor Company

Question: what does this company manufacture?

Answer: Pig iron

Explanation: Low Moor Company also made pig iron and the company employed 1,500 men in 1929

Bradford [SEP] Industrial Revolution


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Context: where was it founded?

Context: Bradford

Context: Yes, industrial revolution

Context: The Low Moor Company

Context: what does this company manufacture?

Context: Pig iron

Question: does this city has a museum?

Answer: Yes,  National Science and Media Museum and Bradford Industrial Museum

Bradford [SEP] Museums and art galleries

Bradford is home to the acclaimed National Science and Media Museum (previously the National Museum of Photography, Film & Television) which celebrates cinema and movies, and is the most visited museum outside London. It contains the UK's first IMAX theatre, the Cubby Broccoli Cinema, and the Pictureville Cinema — described by David Puttnam as the best cinema in Britain. Bradford Industrial Museum was established in 1974 at Moorside Mills, a spinning mill in Eccleshill. The Museum celebrates and explains the significant achievements in Bradford's industrial past, from textiles and printing to the manufacture of motor cars. A mile from the city centre is Bolling Hall Museum, a part medieval building which offers visitors a journey through the lives and times of the families for which it provided a home for over five hundred years.


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Context: where was it founded?

Context: Bradford

Context: Yes, industrial revolution

Context: The Low Moor Company

Context: what does this company manufacture?

Context: Pig iron

Context: does this city has a museum?

Context: Yes,  National Science and Media Museum and Bradford Industrial Museum

Question: what collection can you find in the first one?

Answer: The collection of the Royal Photographic Society, but as of 2017, most of the collection is moving to the Victoria and Albert museum in London.

National Science and Media Museum [SEP] Collection

The museum's collection contains 3.5 million items of historical, cultural and social value. Notable objects and archives include: The collections are accessible to the public through the museum's Insight study centre. The collection of the Royal Photographic Society was transferred to the Museum on behalf of the nation in 2003. As of 2017, most of the collection is moving to the Victoria and Albert museum in London. The National Science and Media Museum "will retain collections that help explore the development of photographic processes, such as the Kodak collection; the cultural impact of photography, such as the Daily Herald archive; and archives that have a direct relevance to Bradford."


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Context: where was it founded?

Context: Bradford

Context: Yes, industrial revolution

Context: The Low Moor Company

Context: what does this company manufacture?

Context: Pig iron

Context: does this city has a museum?

Context: what collection can you find in the first one?

Context: The collection of the Royal Photographic Society, but as of 2017, most of the collection is moving to the Victoria and Albert museum in London.

Question: are there any festivals held here?

Answer: Yes, Games Festival, Science Festival, Animation Festival

Explanation: This video game festival began in 2016.

National Science and Media Museum [SEP] Yorkshire Games Festival

This video game festival began in 2016. It celebrates games culture, design and production, and includes a conference programme as well as a weekend of events for families. It took place in November 2016 and 2017, before moving to a February slot for 2019. Guests at the first Yorkshire Games Festival included John Romero, Rhianna Pratchett, Charles Cecil, Warren Spector (via live video link), Brenda Romero, and presenters of The Yogscast.


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Context: where was it founded?

Context: Bradford

Context: Yes, industrial revolution

Context: The Low Moor Company

Context: what does this company manufacture?

Context: Pig iron

Context: does this city has a museum?

Context: are there any festivals held here?

Context: Yes, Games Festival, Science Festival, Animation Festival

Question: what is the first one about?

Answer: It's a video game festival, which celebrates games culture, design and production, and includes a conference programme as well as a weekend of events for families.

Explanation: This video game festival began in 2016. It celebrates games culture, design and production, and includes a conference programme as well as a weekend of events for families.


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Context: where was it founded?

Context: Bradford

Context: Yes, industrial revolution

Context: The Low Moor Company

Context: what does this company manufacture?

Context: Pig iron

Context: does this city has a museum?

Context: are there any festivals held here?

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: It's a video game festival, which celebrates games culture, design and production, and includes a conference programme as well as a weekend of events for families.

Question: are there different genres for the game you just mentioned?

Answer: Yes, action game, role playing game, or shoot 'em up

Video game [SEP] Genres

A video game, like most other forms of media, may be categorized into genres. However, unlike film or television which use visual or narrative elements, video games are generally categorized into genres based on their gameplay interaction, since this is the primary means which one interacts with a video game. The narrative setting does not impact gameplay; a shooter game is still a shooter game, regardless of whether it takes place in a fantasy world or in outer space. Genre names are normally self-describing in terms of the type of gameplay, such as action game, role playing game, or shoot 'em up, though some genres have derivations from influential works that have defined that genre, such as roguelikes from "Rogue", Grand Theft Auto clones from "Grand Theft Auto III", and battle royale game from the film "Battle Royale".


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Context: where was it founded?

Context: Bradford

Context: Yes, industrial revolution

Context: The Low Moor Company

Context: what does this company manufacture?

Context: Pig iron

Context: does this city has a museum?

Context: are there any festivals held here?

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: are there different genres for the game you just mentioned?

Context: Yes, action game, role playing game, or shoot 'em up

Question: does the game have any benefits?

Answer: Yes, action video game players have better hand–eye coordination and visuo-motor skills, such as their resistance to distraction, their sensitivity to information in the peripheral vision and their ability to count briefly presented objects, than nonplayers

Explanation: Video games are also believed to be beneficial to the mind and body. It has been shown that action video game players have better hand–eye coordination and visuo-motor skills, such as their resistance to distraction, their sensitivity to information in the peripheral vision and their ability to count briefly presented objects, than nonplayers.

Video game [SEP] Beneficial uses of video games

It has been shown that action video game players have better hand–eye coordination and visuo-motor skills, such as their resistance to distraction, their sensitivity to information in the peripheral vision and their ability to count briefly presented objects, than nonplayers. Researchers found that such enhanced abilities could be acquired by training with action games, involving challenges that switch attention between different locations, but not with games requiring concentration on single objects.


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Context: where was it founded?

Context: Bradford

Context: Yes, industrial revolution

Context: The Low Moor Company

Context: what does this company manufacture?

Context: Pig iron

Context: does this city has a museum?

Context: are there any festivals held here?

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: does the game have any benefits?

Context: Yes, action video game players have better hand–eye coordination and visuo-motor skills, such as their resistance to distraction, their sensitivity to information in the peripheral vision and their ability to count briefly presented objects, than nonplayers

Question: what are some features of the vision you just mentioned?

Answer: The periphery has a relative advantage at noticing flicker, also peripheral vision is also relatively good at detecting motion

Peripheral vision [SEP] Characteristics

Rod cells are unable to distinguish color and peak in density in the near periphery (at 18° eccentricity), while cone cell density is highest in the very center, the fovea, and from there declines rapidly (by an inverse linear function). Flicker fusion thresholds decline towards the periphery, but do that at a lower rate than other visual functions; so the periphery has a relative advantage at noticing flicker. Peripheral vision is also relatively good at detecting motion (a feature of Magno cells).


Context: Association Football Club

Context: when was it founded?

Context: where was it founded?

Context: Bradford

Context: Yes, industrial revolution

Context: The Low Moor Company

Context: what does this company manufacture?

Context: Pig iron

Context: does this city has a museum?

Context: are there any festivals held here?

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: does the game have any benefits?

Context: what are some features of the vision you just mentioned?

Context: The periphery has a relative advantage at noticing flicker, also peripheral vision is also relatively good at detecting motion

Question: does this vision have boundaries?

Answer: Yes, Inner boundaries and Outer boundaries

Peripheral vision [SEP] Inner boundaries

The inner boundaries of peripheral vision can be defined in any of several ways depending on the context. In everyday language the term "peripheral vision" is often used to refer to what in technical usage would be called "far peripheral vision." This is vision outside of the range of stereoscopic vision. It can be conceived as bounded at the center by a circle 60° in radius or 120° in diameter, centered around the fixation point, i.e., the point at which one's gaze is directed. However, in common usage, peripheral vision may also refer to the area outside a circle 30° in radius or 60° in diameter.


Question: which country is the 1804 dollar associated with?

Answer: The United States of America.

1804 dollar [SEP] Introduction

The 1804 dollar or Bowed Liberty Dollar was a dollar coin struck by the Mint of the United States, of which fifteen specimens are currently known to exist. Though dated 1804, none were struck in that year; all were minted in the 1830s or later. They were first created for use in special proof coin sets used as diplomatic gifts during Edmund Roberts' trips to Siam and Muscat. Edmund Roberts distributed the coins in 1834 and 1835. Two additional sets were ordered for government officials in Japan and Cochinchina, but Roberts died in Macau before they could be delivered. Besides those 1804 dollars produced for inclusion in the diplomatic sets, the Mint struck some examples which were used to trade with collectors for pieces desired for the Mint's coin cabinet.


Context: which country is the 1804 dollar associated with?

Context: The United States of America.

Question: was it a coin or a note?

Answer: A dollar coin.

1804 dollar [SEP] Introduction


Context: The United States of America.

Context: was it a coin or a note?

Context: A dollar coin.

Question: what metal was this made up of?

Answer: Silver.

1804 dollar [SEP] Edmund Roberts' diplomatic mission

Later, in a letter dated December 2, 1834, Forsyth directed Moore to include "national emblems" (including an eagle and stars) on the exterior of the cases. In their book "The Fantastic 1804 Dollar", numismatic historians Eric P. Newman and Kenneth E. Bressett assert that a problem arose at the Mint as to how to interpret Forsyth's order. As his initial correspondence indicated that the sets were to include coins of every type then in use, Mint officials included both the silver dollar and gold eagle. The moratorium on silver dollar coinage had been lifted in 1831, but none had been coined since those issued in March 1804.


Context: The United States of America.

Context: was it a coin or a note?

Context: A dollar coin.

Context: what metal was this made up of?

Context: Silver.

Question: who designed it?

Answer: John Forsyth.

Explanation:
He also directed Moore to have two Morocco leather boxes made to house the coins. He stated that one should be yellow in color, and the other crimson, and that funds could be drawn from the Treasury for the value of the boxes and coins. Later, in a letter dated December 2, 1834, Forsyth directed Moore to include "national emblems" (including an eagle and stars) on the exterior of the cases.

In their book "The Fantastic 1804 Dollar", numismatic historians Eric P. Newman and Kenneth E. Bressett assert that a problem arose at the Mint as to how to interpret Forsyth's order. As his initial correspondence indicated that the sets were to include coins of every type then in use,

Roberts died in Macau on June 12, 1836, before he could initiate contact with any other nations. On June 30, Edmund P. Kennedy, commodore of the diplomatic fleet, wrote to the State Department that he had "directed that the presents [which remained ungifted due to Roberts' death] be forwarded to the United States". The proof sets meant for Cochin-China and Japan were likely included in the shipment of returned presents. All dollars struck for inclusion in the diplomatic gift sets were likely dated 1804. It is unknown why that date was chosen for the dollars, but numismatic historian R.W. Julian suggests that it could have been done to prevent angering collectors who would not have been able to acquire the 1834-dated coin for their collections; Chief Coiner Adam Eckfeldt, after consulting with Moore, mistakenly determined that 19,570 dollars bearing the date 1804 were struck in that year.


Context: The United States of America.

Context: was it a coin or a note?

Context: A dollar coin.

Context: what metal was this made up of?

Context: Silver.

Context: who designed it?

Context: John Forsyth.

Question: which company minted them?

Answer: The Mint of the United States.

Explanation: The 1804 dollar or Bowed Liberty Dollar was a dollar coin struck by the Mint of the United States

1804 dollar [SEP] Introduction


Context: The United States of America.

Context: was it a coin or a note?

Context: A dollar coin.

Context: what metal was this made up of?

Context: Silver.

Context: who designed it?

Context: John Forsyth.

Context: which company minted them?

Context: The Mint of the United States.

Question: what symbols or pictures were engraved on that object?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

In 1832, commercial shipper Edmund Roberts began acting as an envoy to Asia on behalf of the United States government, with the intent of negotiating trade deals in the region. During his mission, he reached deals both with Said bin Sultan, the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, and the Phra Khlang of Siam (modern Thailand), an important financial minister of that nation. Roberts was given items which were to be presented as gifts to the officials with whom he was negotiating, but described them as being of "very mean quality, and of inconsiderable value". After the treaties were ratified in the United States, Roberts had to return to Siam and Muscat to receive approval from the representatives of those nations.


Context: The United States of America.

Context: was it a coin or a note?

Context: A dollar coin.

Context: what metal was this made up of?

Context: Silver.

Context: who designed it?

Context: John Forsyth.

Context: which company minted them?

Context: The Mint of the United States.

Context: what symbols or pictures were engraved on that object?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: were there any fake copies created of that piece?

Answer: Yes, people like James A. Bolen produced copies .

1804 dollar [SEP] Counterfeits and reproductions

Counterfeits and spurious reproductions of the 1804 dollar have been created since numismatists became aware of the coins' high value. James A. Bolen, a medallist and coin collector who created copies of valuable coins between 1862 and 1869, fabricated an 1804 dollar by altering the last digit in the date of a genuine 1803 example. Although Bolen added his name to the edge of the coin, other forgers created altered date coins with the intent to deceive. Nineteenth-century stage actor John T. Raymond purchased a specimen of the coin, which was later revealed to be a forgery, for $300. All silver dollars dated between 1800 and 1803 were subject to alteration to 1804 dollars, but 1801 was the date most commonly used for that purpose.


Context: The United States of America.

Context: was it a coin or a note?

Context: A dollar coin.

Context: what metal was this made up of?

Context: Silver.

Context: who designed it?

Context: John Forsyth.

Context: which company minted them?

Context: The Mint of the United States.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: were there any fake copies created of that piece?

Context: Yes, people like James A. Bolen produced copies .

Question: what years were those genuine coins produced?

Answer: In 1830s and later.

Explanation: The 1804 dollar or Bowed Liberty Dollar was a dollar coin struck by the Mint of the United States, of which fifteen specimens are currently known to exist. Though dated 1804, none were struck in that year; all were minted in the 1830s or later.

1804 dollar [SEP] Introduction


Context: The United States of America.

Context: was it a coin or a note?

Context: A dollar coin.

Context: what metal was this made up of?

Context: Silver.

Context: who designed it?

Context: John Forsyth.

Context: which company minted them?

Context: The Mint of the United States.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what years were those genuine coins produced?

Context: In 1830s and later.

Question: could you narrate an example of the sale price of these pieces?

Answer: In 1999, a Class I example sold for $4.14 million, then the highest price paid for any coin.

1804 dollar [SEP] Introduction

From their discovery by numismatists, 1804 dollars have commanded high prices. Auction prices reached $1,000 by 1885, and in the mid-twentieth century, the coins realized over $30,000. In 1999, a Class I example sold for $4.14 million, then the highest price paid for any coin. Their high value has caused 1804 dollars to be a frequent target of counterfeiting and other methods of deception


Context: The United States of America.

Context: was it a coin or a note?

Context: A dollar coin.

Context: what metal was this made up of?

Context: Silver.

Context: who designed it?

Context: John Forsyth.

Context: which company minted them?

Context: The Mint of the United States.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In 1830s and later.

Context: could you narrate an example of the sale price of these pieces?

Context: In 1999, a Class I example sold for $4.14 million, then the highest price paid for any coin.

Question: were there any later restrikes of that coin?

Answer: Yes, by 1850s the mint employees created clandestine copies of the coins.

1804 dollar [SEP] Later restrikes

During the nineteenth century, Mint employees produced unauthorized copies of medals and coins, sometimes backdated. Although coin restrikes were created openly at the Philadelphia Mint from the 1830s, the practice became clandestine by the end of the 1850s. In the decades after the first 1804 dollars were produced, collectors became aware of their existence and desired to obtain them. Several were struck at the Mint in 1858. Those coins, which became known as "Class II" 1804 dollars, had plain, unlettered edges, as opposed to standard issue Draped Bust dollars and those struck as diplomatic gifts, all of which had edge lettering applied by the Castaing machine.


Question: when was ecgberht, king of wessex born?

Answer: 771/775

Explanation: Ecgberht (771/775 – 839),

Ecgberht, King of Wessex [SEP] Introduction

When Ecgberht died in 839, Æthelwulf succeeded him; the southeastern kingdoms were finally absorbed into the kingdom of Wessex after the death of Æthelwulf's son Æthelbald in 860. Ecgbert's descendants ruled Wessex and, later, all of England continuously until 1013.


Context: when was ecgberht, king of wessex born?

Question: did he lead his kingdom in any battle?

Answer: Yes, Battle of Ellandun.

In 825 Ecgberht defeated Beornwulf of Mercia, ended Mercia's supremacy at the Battle of Ellandun, and proceeded to take control of the Mercian dependencies in southeastern England. In 829 he defeated Wiglaf of Mercia and drove him out of his kingdom, temporarily ruling Mercia directly. Later that year Ecgberht received the submission of the Northumbrian king at Dore. The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" subsequently described Ecgberht as a "bretwalda" or 'wide-ruler' of Anglo-Saxon lands. Ecgberht was unable to maintain this dominant position, and within a year Wiglaf regained the throne of Mercia. However, Wessex did retain control of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey; these territories were given to Ecgberht's son Æthelwulf to rule as a subking under Ecgberht.


Context:
when was ecgberht, king of wessex born?
771/775
did he lead his kingdom in any battle?
Yes, Battle of Ellandun.

Question: did he succeed in that?

Answer: Yes

Explanation: In 825 Ecgberht defeated Beornwulf of Mercia, ended Mercia's supremacy at the Battle of Ellandun, and proceeded to take control of the Mercian dependencies in southeastern England.


Context:
when was ecgberht, king of wessex born?
771/775
did he lead his kingdom in any battle?
Yes, Battle of Ellandun.
did he succeed in that?
Yes

Question: whom did he defeat?

Answer: Beornwulf of Mercia


Context:
when was ecgberht, king of wessex born?
771/775
did he lead his kingdom in any battle?
Yes, Battle of Ellandun.
did he succeed in that?
Yes
whom did he defeat?
Beornwulf of Mercia

Question: who was the king's successor?

Answer: His son, Æthelwulf.

Explanation: However, Wessex did retain control of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey; these territories were given to Ecgberht's son Æthelwulf to rule as a subking under Ecgberht. When Ecgberht died in 839, Æthelwulf succeeded him


Context:
when was ecgberht, king of wessex born?
771/775
did he lead his kingdom in any battle?
Yes, Battle of Ellandun.
did he succeed in that?
Yes
whom did he defeat?
Beornwulf of Mercia
who was the king's successor?
His son, Æthelwulf.

Question: whom was he married to?

Answer: His wife's name is unknown.

Ecgberht, King of Wessex [SEP] Family

Ecgberht's wife's name is unknown. A fifteenth century chronicle now held by Oxford University names Ecgberht's wife as Redburga who was supposedly a relative of Charlemagne who he married when he was banished to Francia, but this is dismissed by academic historians in view of its late date. He is reputed to have had a half-sister Alburga, later to be recognised as a saint for her founding of Wilton Abbey. She was married to Wulfstan, ealdorman of Wiltshire, and on his death in 802 she became a nun, Abbess of Wilton Abbey.


Context:
when was ecgberht, king of wessex born?
771/775
did he lead his kingdom in any battle?
Yes, Battle of Ellandun.
did he succeed in that?
Yes
whom did he defeat?
Beornwulf of Mercia
who was the king's successor?
His son, Æthelwulf.
whom was he married to?
His wife's name is unknown.

Question: when did he die?

Answer: 839

Explanation: Ecgberht died in 839

Ecgberht, King of Wessex [SEP] Succession

Both the record of the Council of Kingston, and another charter of that year, include the identical phrasing: that a condition of the grant is that "we ourselves and our heirs shall always hereafter have firm and unshakable friendships from Archbishop Ceolnoth and his congregation at Christ Church." Although nothing is known of any other claimants to the throne, it is likely that there were other surviving descendants of Cerdic (the supposed progenitor of all the kings of Wessex) who might have contended for the kingdom. Ecgberht died in 839, and his will, according to the account of it found in the will of his grandson, Alfred the Great, left land only to male members of his family, so that the estates should not be lost to the royal house through marriage.


Context:
when was ecgberht, king of wessex born?
771/775
did he lead his kingdom in any battle?
Yes, Battle of Ellandun.
did he succeed in that?
Yes
whom did he defeat?
Beornwulf of Mercia
who was the king's successor?
His son, Æthelwulf.
whom was he married to?
His wife's name is unknown.
when did he die?
839

Question: how?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

At a council at Kingston upon Thames in 838, Ecgberht and Æthelwulf granted land to the sees of Winchester and Canterbury in return for the promise of support for Æthelwulf's claim to the throne. The archbishop of Canterbury, Ceolnoth, also accepted Ecgberht and Æthelwulf as the lords and protectors of the monasteries under Ceolnoth's control. These agreements, along with a later charter in which Æthelwulf confirmed church privileges, suggest that the church had recognised that Wessex was a new political power that must be dealt with. Churchmen consecrated the king at coronation ceremonies, and helped to write the wills which specified the king's heir; their support had real value in establishing West Saxon control and a smooth succession for Ecgberht's line.


Context:
when was ecgberht, king of wessex born?
771/775
did he lead his kingdom in any battle?
Yes, Battle of Ellandun.
did he succeed in that?
Yes
whom did he defeat?
Beornwulf of Mercia
who was the king's successor?
His son, Æthelwulf.
whom was he married to?
His wife's name is unknown.
when did he die?
839
how?
UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you name anyone else from his family?

Answer: His half-sister, Alburga.

Explanation: He is reputed to have had a half-sister Alburga, later to be recognised as a saint for her founding of Wilton Abbey.

Ecgberht, King of Wessex [SEP] Family


Context: when was ecgberht, king of wessex born?

Context: did he lead his kingdom in any battle?

Context: Yes, Battle of Ellandun.

Context: did he succeed in that?

Context: Yes

Context: whom did he defeat?

Context: Beornwulf of Mercia

Context: who was the king's successor?

Context: His son, Æthelwulf.

Context: whom was he married to?

Context: His wife's name is unknown.

Context: when did he die?

Context: how?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you name anyone else from his family?

Context: His half-sister, Alburga.

Question: where was the king who got defeated born?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Ecgberht, King of Wessex [SEP] Family

Historians do not agree on Ecgberht's ancestry. The earliest version of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle," the "Parker Chronicle," begins with a genealogical preface tracing the ancestry of Ecgberht's son Æthelwulf back through Ecgberht, Ealhmund (thought to be Ealhmund of Kent), and the otherwise unknown Eoppa and Eafa to Ingild, brother of King Ine of Wessex, who abdicated the throne in 726. It continues back to Cerdic, founder of the House of Wessex. Ecgberht's descent from Ingild was accepted by Frank Stenton, but not the earlier genealogy back to Cerdic. Heather Edwards in her Online "Dictionary of National Biography" article on Ecgberht argues that he was of Kentish origin, and that the West Saxon descent may have been manufactured during his reign to give him legitimacy, whereas Rory Naismith considered a Kentish origin unlikely, and that it is more probable that "Ecgberht was born of good West Saxon royal stock".


Question: what was a result of the peace in asia in the 13th and 14th centuries under mongol rule

Answer: It resulted in the stabilizing effects of the conquests of the Mongol Empire on the social, cultural and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast Eurasian territory that the Mongols conquered in the 13th and 14th centuries.

Pax Mongolica [SEP] Introduction

The Pax Mongolica (Latin for "Mongol Peace"), less often known as Pax Tatarica ("Tatar Peace"), is a historiographical term modelled after the original phrase "Pax Romana" which describes the stabilizing effects of the conquests of the Mongol Empire on the social, cultural and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast Eurasian territory that the Mongols conquered in the 13th and 14th centuries. The term is used to describe the eased communication and commerce the unified administration helped to create and the period of relative peace that followed the Mongols' vast conquests. The conquests of Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) and his successors, spanning from Southeast Asia to Eastern Europe, effectively connected the Eastern world with the Western world.


Context: what was a result of the peace in asia in the 13th and 14th centuries under mongol rule

Context: It resulted in the stabilizing effects of the conquests of the Mongol Empire on the social, cultural and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast Eurasian territory that the Mongols conquered in the 13th and 14th centuries.

Question: what is pax mongolica?

Answer: It is a historiographical term modelled after the original phrase "Pax Romana".

Pax Mongolica [SEP] Introduction

The Silk Road, connecting trade centres across Asia and Europe, came under the sole rule of the Mongol Empire. It was commonly said that "a maiden bearing a nugget of gold on her head could wander safely throughout the realm". Despite the political fragmentation of the Mongol Empire into four khanates (Yuan dynasty, Golden Horde, Chagatai Khanate and Ilkhanate), nearly a century of conquest and civil war was followed by relative stability in the early 14th century. The end of the "Pax Mongolica" was marked by the disintegration of the khanates and the outbreak of the Black Death in Asia which spread along trade routes to much of the world in the mid-14th century.


Context: what is pax mongolica?

Context: It is a historiographical term modelled after the original phrase "Pax Romana".

Question: what does this original phase mean?

Answer: "Mongol Peace" or "Tatar Peace".

Pax Mongolica [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is pax mongolica?

Context: what does this original phase mean?

Context: "Mongol Peace" or "Tatar Peace".

Question: what is its influence on trade?

Answer: They amalgamated the isolated civilizations into a new continental system, and re-established the Silk Road as a dominant method of transportation

Pax Mongolica [SEP] World trade system: the Silk Road

Before the Mongols' rise, the Old World system consisted of isolated imperial systems. The new Mongol empire amalgamated the once isolated civilizations into a new continental system, and re-established the Silk Road as a dominant method of transportation. The unification of Eurasia under the Mongols greatly diminished the number of competing tribute gatherers throughout the trade network and assured greater safety and security in travel. During the "Pax Mongolica", European merchants like Marco Polo made their way from Europe to China on the well-maintained and well travelled roads that linked Anatolia to China. On the Silk Road caravans with Chinese silk; pepper, ginger, cinnamon, and nutmeg came to the West from the Spice Islands via the transcontinental trade routes.


Context: what is pax mongolica?

Context: what does this original phase mean?

Context: "Mongol Peace" or "Tatar Peace".

Context: what is its influence on trade?

Context: They amalgamated the isolated civilizations into a new continental system, and re-established the Silk Road as a dominant method of transportation

Question: where is this road located?

Answer: It is a trade routes connecting East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe.

Silk Road [SEP] Introduction

The Silk Road was a network of trade routes which connected the East and West, and was central to the economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between these regions from the 2nd century BCE to the 18th century. The Silk Road primarily refers to the land routes connecting East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe. The Silk Road derives its name from the lucrative trade in silk carried out along its length, beginning in the Han dynasty in China (207 BCE–220 CE). The Han dynasty expanded the Central Asian section of the trade routes around 114 BCE through the missions and explorations of the Chinese imperial envoy Zhang Qian, as well as several military conquests.


Context: what is pax mongolica?

Context: what does this original phase mean?

Context: "Mongol Peace" or "Tatar Peace".

Context: what is its influence on trade?

Context: where is this road located?

Context: It is a trade routes connecting East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa and Southern Europe.

Question: when did it all collapse?

Answer: In 1720s.

Explanation: The silk trade continued to flourish until it was disrupted by the collapse of the Safavid Empire in the 1720s.

Silk Road [SEP] Collapse (18th century)


Context: what is pax mongolica?

Context: what does this original phase mean?

Context: "Mongol Peace" or "Tatar Peace".

Context: what is its influence on trade?

Context: where is this road located?

Context: when did it all collapse?

Context: In 1720s.

Question: what are the different types of routes here?

Answer: It is extended westwards from China, intercontinental Silk Road divided into northern and bypassing the Taklamakan Desert and Lop Nur.

Explanation: The Silk Road consisted of several routes. As it extended westwards from the ancient commercial centres of China, the overland, intercontinental Silk Road divided into northern and bypassing the Taklamakan Desert and Lop Nur. Merchants along these routes where involved in "relay trade" in which goods changed "hands many times before reaching their final destinations."

Silk Road [SEP] Routes


Context: what is pax mongolica?

Context: what does this original phase mean?

Context: "Mongol Peace" or "Tatar Peace".

Context: what is its influence on trade?

Context: where is this road located?

Context: when did it all collapse?

Context: In 1720s.

Context: what are the different types of routes here?

Context: It is extended westwards from China, intercontinental Silk Road divided into northern and bypassing the Taklamakan Desert and Lop Nur.

Question: where is the last mentioned place located?

Answer: It is located between the Taklamakan and Kumtag deserts.

Lop Nur [SEP] Introduction

Lop Nur or Lop Nor (from a Mongolian name meaning "Lop Lake", where "Lop" is a toponym of unknown origin) is a former salt lake, now largely dried up, located between the Taklamakan and Kumtag deserts in the southeastern portion of the Xinjiang (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region). Administratively, the lake is in Lop Nur town (), also known as Luozhong () of Ruoqiang County, which in its turn is part of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. The lake system into which the Tarim River and Shule River empty is the last remnant of the historical post-glacial Tarim Lake, which once covered more than in the Tarim Basin.


Context: what is pax mongolica?

Context: what does this original phase mean?

Context: "Mongol Peace" or "Tatar Peace".

Context: what is its influence on trade?

Context: where is this road located?

Context: when did it all collapse?

Context: In 1720s.

Context: where is the last mentioned place located?

Context: It is located between the Taklamakan and Kumtag deserts.

Question: what are some historical sites here?

Answer: The Xiaohe Cemetery,  Qäwrighul (Gumugou), Miran.

Explanation:
The Xiaohe Cemetery is located to the west of Lop Nur. This Bronze Age burial site is an oblong sand dune, from which more than thirty well preserved mummies have been excavated. The entire Xiaohe Cemetery contains about 330 tombs, about 160 of which have been violated by grave robbers.

A local hunter guided the Swedish explorer and archeologist Folke Bergman to the site in 1934. An excavation project by the Xinjiang Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute began in October 2003. A total of 167 tombs have been dug up since the end of 2002 and excavations have revealed hundreds of smaller tombs built in layers, as well as other precious artifacts. In 2006, a valuable archeological finding was uncovered: a boat-shaped coffin wrapped in ox hide, containing the mummified body of a young woman.

Lop Nur [SEP] Xiaohe Cemetery


Context: what is pax mongolica?

Context: what does this original phase mean?

Context: "Mongol Peace" or "Tatar Peace".

Context: what is its influence on trade?

Context: where is this road located?

Context: when did it all collapse?

Context: In 1720s.

Context: what are some historical sites here?

Context: The Xiaohe Cemetery,  Qäwrighul (Gumugou), Miran.

Question: what is this aforesaid cemetery?

Answer: It is an oblong sand dune Bronze Age burial site.

Lop Nur [SEP] Xiaohe Cemetery


Question: matthew mark luke john bless the bed that i lay on

Answer: It  is an English children's bedtime prayer and nursery rhyme.

Matthew, Mark, Luke and John [SEP] Introduction

"Matthew, Mark, Luke and John", also known as the "Black Paternoster", is an English children's bedtime prayer and nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 1704. It may have origins in ancient Babylonian prayers and was being used in a Christian version in late Medieval Germany. The earliest extant version in English can be traced to the mid-sixteenth century. It was mentioned by English Protestant writers as a "popish" or magical charm. It is related to other prayers, including a "Green" and "White Paternoster", which can be traced to late Medieval England and with which it is often confused.


Context: matthew mark luke john bless the bed that i lay on

Context: It  is an English children's bedtime prayer and nursery rhyme.

Question: who composed it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Matthew, Mark, Luke and John [SEP] Origins

The verse may be one of few English nursery rhymes to have ancient origins. The Babylonian prayer "Shamash before me, behind me Sin, Nergal at my right, Ninib at my left", is echoed by the medieval Jewish prayer: "In the name of the Lord, the God of Israel, may Michael be at my right hand; Gabriel at my left; Uriel before me; Raphael behind me and the Shekhinah of God be above my head" which is used as a prayer before sleep. A Christian version has been found for Germany at the end of the Medieval period. However, the first known record of the lyrics in English is from Thomas Ady's witchcraft treatise "A Candle in the Dark, or, a treatise concerning the nature of witches and witchcraft" (1656), which tells of a woman in Essex who claimed to have lived in the reign of Mary I (r.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Answer: Yes, Black Paternoster

Explanation: Black Paternoster


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Question: where is its origin?

Answer: It may have origins in ancient Babylonian prayers and was being used in a Christian version in late Medieval Germany.

Explanation: It may have origins in ancient Babylonian prayers and was being used in a Christian version in late Medieval Germany.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: It may have origins in ancient Babylonian prayers and was being used in a Christian version in late Medieval Germany.

Question: how is it associated with white paternoster?

Answer: Robert Grosseteste refers to a prayer known as the "White Paternoster", elements of which, particularly the blessing of four parts of a house, can be seen in the later "Black Paternoster".

Matthew, Mark, Luke and John [SEP] "White Paternoster"

Robert Grosseteste (c. 1175–1253), Bishop of Lincoln, condemned the use of a "Green Paternoster" by old women in a treatise on blasphemy, which contained reference to "Green Pater Noster, Peter's dear sister". In Chaucer's "Miller's Tale" (c. 1387) he refers to a prayer known as the "White Paternoster", elements of which, particularly the blessing of four parts of a house, can be seen in the later "Black Paternoster": The reference to St. Peter's sister may be a substitution for St. Peter's daughter, St. Petronilla, known in England as St. Parnell. It has been suggested that the differing colours associated with these verses may have been determined by the colour of prayer beads, with different coloured beads used to prompt the recitation of aves and paternosters.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: how is it associated with white paternoster?

Context: Robert Grosseteste refers to a prayer known as the "White Paternoster", elements of which, particularly the blessing of four parts of a house, can be seen in the later "Black Paternoster".

Question: who is the above mentioned person?

Answer: He was an English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian, scientist and Bishop of Lincoln.

Robert Grosseteste [SEP] Introduction

Robert Grosseteste ( ; ; 8 or 9 October 1253) was an English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian, scientist and Bishop of Lincoln. He was born of humble parents at Stradbroke in Suffolk. Upon his death, he was almost universally revered as a saint in England, but attempts to procure a formal canonisation failed. A. C. Crombie calls him "the real founder of the tradition of scientific thought in medieval Oxford, and in some ways, of the modern English intellectual tradition".


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: He was an English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian, scientist and Bishop of Lincoln.

Question: when did he become the bishop?

Answer: June 1235

Robert Grosseteste [SEP] Bishop of Lincoln

In February 1235, Hugh of Wells died, and the canons of Lincoln cathedral met to elect his successor. They soon were at a deadlock and could not reach a majority. Fearing that the election would be taken out of their hands, they settled on a compromise candidate, Grosseteste. He was consecrated in June of that same year at Reading. He instituted an innovative programme of visitation, a procedure normally reserved for the inspection of monasteries. Grosseteste expanded it to include all the deaneries in each archdeaconry of his vast diocese. The scheme brought him into conflict with more than one privileged corporation, in particular with his own chapter, who vigorously disputed his claim to exercise the right of visitation over their community.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: when did he become the bishop?

Context: June 1235

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Stradbroke in Suffolk

Explanation: Stradbroke in Suffolk

Robert Grosseteste [SEP] Introduction


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: when did he become the bishop?

Context: June 1235

Context: where was he born?

Context: Stradbroke in Suffolk

Question: where is the county located?

Answer: England

Explanation: England

Suffolk [SEP] Introduction

Suffolk () is an East Anglian county of historic origin in England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south. The North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include Lowestoft, Bury St Edmunds, Newmarket, and Felixstowe, one of the largest container ports in Europe. The county is low-lying but it has quite a few hills (especially more to the west), and has largely arable land with the wetlands of the Broads in the north. The Suffolk Coast and Heaths are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: when did he become the bishop?

Context: June 1235

Context: where was he born?

Context: Stradbroke in Suffolk

Context: where is the county located?

Context: England

Question: what is the estimated population of the county?

Answer: 738,512

Suffolk [SEP] Demography

According to estimates by the Office for National Statistics, the population of Suffolk in 2014 was 738,512, split almost evenly between males and females. Roughly 22% of the population was aged 65 or older, and 90.84% were "White British". Historically, the county's population has mostly been employed as agricultural workers. An 1835 survey showed Suffolk to have 4,526 occupiers of land employing labourers, 1,121 occupiers not employing labourers, 33,040 labourers employed in agriculture, 676 employed in manufacture, 18,167 employed in retail trade or handicraft, 2,228 'capitalists, bankers etc.', 5,336 labourers (non-agricultural), 4,940 other males aged over 20, 2,032 male servants and 11,483 female servants.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: when did he become the bishop?

Context: June 1235

Context: where was he born?

Context: Stradbroke in Suffolk

Context: where is the county located?

Context: England

Context: what is the estimated population of the county?

Question: how is this place connected to archaeology?

Answer: It is renowned for archaeological finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age.

Suffolk [SEP] Archaeology

West Suffolk, like nearby East Cambridgeshire, is renowned for archaeological finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. Bronze Age artefacts have been found in the area between Mildenhall and West Row, in Eriswell and in Lakenheath. Many bronze objects, such as swords, spearheads, arrows, axes, palstaves, knives, daggers, rapiers, armour, decorative equipment (in particular for horses), and fragments of sheet bronze, are entrusted to St. Edmundsbury heritage service, housed at West Stow just outside Bury St. Edmunds. Other finds include traces of cremations and barrows. In the east of the county is Sutton Hoo, the site of one of England's most significant Anglo-Saxon archaeological finds, a ship burial containing a collection of treasures including a Sword of State, gold and silver bowls, and jewellery and a lyre.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: when did he become the bishop?

Context: June 1235

Context: where was he born?

Context: Stradbroke in Suffolk

Context: where is the county located?

Context: England

Context: how is this place connected to archaeology?

Context: It is renowned for archaeological finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age.

Question: what is suffolk pink?

Answer: The villages and towns in Suffolk are renowned for historic pink-washed halls and cottages, which has become known at that term.

Suffolk [SEP] Suffolk Pink

Villages and towns in Suffolk are renowned for historic pink-washed halls and cottages, which has become known far and wide as ‘Suffolk Pink'. Decorative paint colours found in the county can range from a pale shell shade, to a deep blush brick colour. According to research, Suffolk Pink dates back to the 14th century, where these shades were developed by local dyers by adding natural substances to a traditional limewash mix. Additives used in this process include pig or ox blood with buttermilk, elderberries and sloe juice. Locals and historians often state that a true Suffolk Pink should be a "deep dusky terracotta shade", rather than the more popular pastel hue of modern times.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: when did he become the bishop?

Context: June 1235

Context: where was he born?

Context: Stradbroke in Suffolk

Context: where is the county located?

Context: England

Context: what is suffolk pink?

Context: The villages and towns in Suffolk are renowned for historic pink-washed halls and cottages, which has become known at that term.

Question: can you name any notable people from this place?

Answer: Thomas Gainsborough, John Constable, Benjamin Britten, Dame Elizabeth Frink, Carl Giles etc

Explanation: Thomas Gainsborough and John Constable

Suffolk [SEP] Notable people

In the arts, Suffolk is noted for having been the home to two of England's best regarded painters, Thomas Gainsborough and John Constable – the Stour Valley area is branded as "Constable Country" – and one of its most noted composers, Benjamin Britten. Other artists of note from Suffolk include sculptress Dame Elizabeth Frink, the cartoonist Carl Giles (a bronze statue of his character "Grandma" to commemorate this is located in Ipswich town centre), poets George Crabbe and Robert Bloomfield, writer and Literary editor Ronald Blythe, actors Ralph Fiennes and Bob Hoskins, actress and singer Kerry Ellis, musician and record producer Brian Eno, singer Dani Filth, of the Suffolk-based extreme metal group, Cradle of Filth, singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran, and coloratura soprano Christina Johnston.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: when did he become the bishop?

Context: June 1235

Context: where was he born?

Context: Stradbroke in Suffolk

Context: where is the county located?

Context: England

Context: what is suffolk pink?

Context: can you name any notable people from this place?

Context: Thomas Gainsborough, John Constable, Benjamin Britten, Dame Elizabeth Frink, Carl Giles etc

Question: who is the former person?

Answer: He was an English portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman, and printmaker.

Thomas Gainsborough [SEP] Introduction

Thomas Gainsborough (14 May 1727 (baptised) – 2 August 1788) was an English portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman, and printmaker. Along with his rival Sir Joshua Reynolds, he is considered one of the most important British artists of the second half of the 18th century. He painted quickly, and the works of his maturity are characterised by a light palette and easy strokes. Despite being a prolific portrait painter, Gainsborough gained greater satisfaction from his landscapes. He is credited (with Richard Wilson) as the originator of the 18th-century British landscape school. Gainsborough was a founding member of the Royal Academy.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: when did he become the bishop?

Context: June 1235

Context: where was he born?

Context: Stradbroke in Suffolk

Context: where is the county located?

Context: England

Context: what is suffolk pink?

Context: who is the former person?

Context: He was an English portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman, and printmaker.

Question: what can you tell me about its technique?

Answer: He was noted for the speed with which he applied paint, and he worked more from observations of nature (and of human nature) than from application of formal academic rules.

Thomas Gainsborough [SEP] Technique

The art historian Michael Rosenthal described Gainsborough as "one of the most technically proficient and, at the same time, most experimental artists of his time". He was noted for the speed with which he applied paint, and he worked more from observations of nature (and of human nature) than from application of formal academic rules. The poetic sensibility of his paintings caused Constable to say, "On looking at them, we find tears in our eyes and know not what brings them." Gainsborough's enthusiasm for landscapes is shown in the way he merged figures of the portraits with the scenes behind them.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: when did he become the bishop?

Context: June 1235

Context: where was he born?

Context: Stradbroke in Suffolk

Context: where is the county located?

Context: England

Context: what is suffolk pink?

Context: who is the former person?

Context: what can you tell me about its technique?

Context: He was noted for the speed with which he applied paint, and he worked more from observations of nature (and of human nature) than from application of formal academic rules.

Question: who is the second person mentioned above?

Answer: He was an English landscape painter in the Romantic tradition.

John Constable [SEP] Introduction

John Constable, (; 11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English landscape painter in the Romantic tradition. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for revolutionising the genre of landscape painting with his pictures of Dedham Vale, the area surrounding his home – now known as "Constable Country" – which he invested with an intensity of affection. "I should paint my own places best", he wrote to his friend John Fisher in 1821, "painting is but another word for feeling". Constable's most famous paintings include "Wivenhoe Park" (1816), "Dedham Vale" (1821) and "The Hay Wain" (1821). Although his paintings are now among the most popular and valuable in British art, he was never financially successful.


Context: who composed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this rhyme known by any other name?

Context: Yes, Black Paternoster

Context: where is its origin?

Context: who is the above mentioned person?

Context: when did he become the bishop?

Context: June 1235

Context: where was he born?

Context: Stradbroke in Suffolk

Context: where is the county located?

Context: England

Context: what is suffolk pink?

Context: who is the former person?

Context: who is the second person mentioned above?

Context: He was an English landscape painter in the Romantic tradition.

Question: can you name any of his works?

Answer: Wivenhoe Park, Dedham Vale and The Hay Wain

Explanation: Wivenhoe Park" (1816), "Dedham Vale" (1821) and "The Hay Wain

John Constable [SEP] Introduction


Question: how many views does oppa gangnam style have on youtube

Answer: Over 3.7 billion

Gangnam Style [SEP] Introduction

It became a source of parodies and reaction videos by many different individuals, groups and organizations. On 21 December 2012, "Gangnam Style" became the first YouTube video to reach one billion views. The song's music video has since been viewed over 3.7 billion times on YouTube, and was the most viewed video on YouTube from 24 November 2012, when it surpassed the music video for "Baby" by Justin Bieber featuring Ludacris, to 10 July 2017, when it was surpassed by the music video for "See You Again" by Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth.


Context: how many views does oppa gangnam style have on youtube

Context: Over 3.7 billion

Question: what is this performance?

Answer: It is a song

Gangnam Style [SEP] Introduction

"Gangnam Style" (, ) is a song by South Korean singer Psy, released on 15 July 2012 by YG Entertainment as the lead single of his sixth studio album, "Psy 6 (Six Rules), Part 1". A K-pop and dance-pop song, the term "Gangnam Style" is a Korean neologism that refers to a lifestyle associated with the Gangnam District of Seoul. The song received mixed reviews, with praise for its catchy beat and Psy's amusing dancing (which has itself become a phenomenon) in the music video and during live performances in various locations around the world. "Gangnam Style" debuted at number one on South Korea's Gaon Chart.


Context: Over 3.7 billion

Context: what is this performance?

Context: It is a song

Question: who performed it?

Answer: South Korean singer Psy

Gangnam Style [SEP] Introduction


Context: Over 3.7 billion

Context: what is this performance?

Context: It is a song

Context: who performed it?

Context: South Korean singer Psy

Question: what impact did it have on cultures?

Answer: Psy will be the first Korean artist to break a big record in the United States.

Gangnam Style [SEP] Cultural impact

After the release of "Gangnam Style", the American talent manager Scooter Braun, who discovered Justin Bieber on YouTube, asked on Twitter "How did I not sign this guy (Psy)". Soon afterwards, it was reported that Psy had left for Los Angeles to meet with representatives of Justin Bieber, to explore collaboration opportunities. On September 3, Braun made a public announcement that was later uploaded onto YouTube, saying that he and Psy have decided to "make some history together. [To] be the first Korean artist to break a big record in the United States." On September 4, it was confirmed that Psy was signed to Braun's School Boy Records.


Context: Over 3.7 billion

Context: what is this performance?

Context: It is a song

Context: who performed it?

Context: South Korean singer Psy

Context: what impact did it have on cultures?

Context: Psy will be the first Korean artist to break a big record in the United States.

Question: when was this artist born?

Answer: December 31, 1977

Psy [SEP] Early life

Park Jae-sang was born on December 31, 1977, to an affluent family in the Gangnam District of Seoul, South Korea. His father, Park Won-Ho, is the executive chairman of DI Corporation, a manufacturer of semiconductor manufacturing equipment listed on the Korea Exchange. His mother, Kim Young-hee, owns several restaurants in Gangnam. Park attended Banpo (반포) Elementary and Middle Schools and Sehwa (세화) High School. He disliked school and was known as the class clown. In an interview on South Korea's Seoul Broadcasting System, a former teacher of Park said: "I remember Psy making a lot of sexual jokes during class.


Context: Over 3.7 billion

Context: what is this performance?

Context: It is a song

Context: who performed it?

Context: South Korean singer Psy

Context: what impact did it have on cultures?

Context: when was this artist born?

Context: December 31, 1977

Question: did he ever serve in the army?

Answer: Yes, was conscripted into the South Korean military

Psy [SEP] 2003–09: Military service, "Ssajib", and re-enlistment

In 2003, Psy was conscripted into the South Korean military as part of mandatory military service imposed on all South Korean men aged 18 to 35. Psy was excused from military duty due to working at a software development company (the South Korean government grants exemptions to those with technical expertise work in companies that serve the national interest). He was expected to be released from duties in 2005. In 2006, Psy released his fourth album "Ssajib", which won honors at the 2006 SBS Music Awards and Hong Kong's Mnet Asian Music Awards. In 2007, state prosecutors accused Psy of "neglecting" his work, holding concerts and appearing on local television networks during his period of prior employment.


Context: Over 3.7 billion

Context: what is this performance?

Context: It is a song

Context: who performed it?

Context: South Korean singer Psy

Context: what impact did it have on cultures?

Context: when was this artist born?

Context: December 31, 1977

Context: did he ever serve in the army?

Context: Yes, was conscripted into the South Korean military

Question: has any of his songs ever been a part of controversy?

Answer: Yes, his second album "Sa 2" created controversy

Psy [SEP] 2001–02: "Psy from the Psycho World!", controversy, and domestic success

In January 2001, Psy debuted his full-length album "Psy from the Psycho World!", for which he was fined by South Korean government authorities due to his album's "inappropriate content". Psy was a rookie hip hop singer that stirred up the Korean pop music scene with very blunt lyrics, peculiar dance moves and an unconventional appearance that earned him the nickname "The Bizarre Singer". His second album "Sa 2" also created controversy upon its release in 2002, earning complaints from civil groups due to the potentially negative influence his album would have on children and teenagers. Since then, Psy has been thought of as a controversial artist, and "Sa 2" was banned in 2002 from being sold to the under-19 set.


Context: Over 3.7 billion

Context: what is this performance?

Context: It is a song

Context: who performed it?

Context: South Korean singer Psy

Context: what impact did it have on cultures?

Context: when was this artist born?

Context: December 31, 1977

Context: did he ever serve in the army?

Context: has any of his songs ever been a part of controversy?

Context: Yes, his second album "Sa 2" created controversy

Question: why?

Answer: Earned complaints from civil groups due to the potentially negative influence his album would have on children and teenagers

2001–02: "Psy from the Psycho World!", controversy, and domestic success


Context: Over 3.7 billion

Context: what is this performance?

Context: It is a song

Context: who performed it?

Context: South Korean singer Psy

Context: what impact did it have on cultures?

Context: when was this artist born?

Context: December 31, 1977

Context: did he ever serve in the army?

Context: why?

Context: Earned complaints from civil groups due to the potentially negative influence his album would have on children and teenagers

Question: how is his image?

Answer: He is known for his sense of humor in his concerts, where he imitates female singers such as Park Ji-yoon, Lee Hyo-ri, Lady Gaga, and Beyoncé.

Psy [SEP] Public image

Psy is known for his sense of humor in his concerts, where he imitates female singers such as Park Ji-yoon, Lee Hyo-ri, Lady Gaga, and Beyoncé. Although his music is part of the K-pop (Korean popular music) genre, Beth Hong from "The Vancouver Observer" noted that Psy doesn't fit the standard K-pop idol image of being "incredibly young, good-looking, and able to carry a melodramatic note". Lucy Williamson from the BBC recognized Psy as South Korea's "newest and biggest music star", but also described him as "unpolished, unpredictable and he doesn't look like your typical Korean idol". Sarah Charlton from Reuters called him a "chubby South Korean pop singer" that has found fame and popularity in a "sea of pretty K-pop stars".