Question: what type of animation is who framed roger rabbit

Answer: It is a live-action/animated comedy-mystery film

Who Framed Roger Rabbit [SEP] Introduction

Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 American live-action/animated comedy-mystery film directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Frank Marshall and Robert Watts, and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. Loosely based on the 1981 novel "Who Censored Roger Rabbit?" by Gary K. Wolf, the film stars Bob Hoskins, Christopher Lloyd, Charles Fleischer, Stubby Kaye and Joanna Cassidy. Set in a 1947 version of Hollywood where cartoon characters and people co-exist, the film follows Eddie Valiant, a private investigator who must exonerate Roger Rabbit, a "Toon" (i.e., cartoon character) who is accused of murdering a wealthy businessman. Walt Disney Pictures purchased the film rights for the film's story in 1981.


Context: what type of animation is who framed roger rabbit

Context: It is a live-action/animated comedy-mystery film

Question: is it based on a novel?

Answer: Yes, it is loosely based on "Who Censored Roger Rabbit?"

Explanation: Loosely based on the 1981 novel "Who Censored Roger Rabbit?" by Gary K. Wolf,


Context: is it based on a novel?

Context: Yes, it is loosely based on "Who Censored Roger Rabbit?"

Question: who is the author of this novel?

Answer: Gary K. Wolf


Context: is it based on a novel?

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: Gary K. Wolf

Question: when was it adapted into a film?

Answer: 1988


Context: is it based on a novel?

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: Gary K. Wolf

Context: when was it adapted into a film?

Question: who are the main characters in this film?

Answer: Eddie Valiant, Roger Rabbit, Jessica

Explanation: Set in a 1947 version of Hollywood where cartoon characters and people co-exist, the film follows Eddie Valiant, a private investigator who must exonerate Roger Rabbit, a "Toon" (i.e., cartoon character) who is accused of murdering a wealthy businessman.


Context: is it based on a novel?

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: Gary K. Wolf

Context: when was it adapted into a film?

Context: who are the main characters in this film?

Context: Eddie Valiant, Roger Rabbit, Jessica

Question: what is the role played by the first character?

Answer: He is the protagonist - a private investigator

Explanation: 1947 version of Hollywood where cartoon characters and people co-exist, the film follows Eddie Valiant, a private investigator


Context: is it based on a novel?

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: Gary K. Wolf

Context: when was it adapted into a film?

Context: Eddie Valiant, Roger Rabbit, Jessica

Context: what is the role played by the first character?

Context: He is the protagonist - a private investigator

Question: who is the antagonist in this film?

Answer: Judge Doom

Who Framed Roger Rabbit [SEP] Plot

After watching Jessica perform at an underground nightclub, Eddie secretly photographs her and Acme playing patty-cake in her dressing room, which he shows to Roger. Roger angrily declares that he and his wife will be happy, and he flees. The next morning, Acme is discovered dead at his factory, and evidence points to Roger being responsible. While investigating, Eddie meets Judge Doom, Toontown's intimidating superior court judge. He has created a substance dubbed "dip" that is capable of killing the otherwise invulnerable toons. Eddie later runs into Roger's toon co-star, Baby Herman, who believes Roger is innocent and that Acme's missing will, which will give the toons ownership of Toontown, may be the key to his murder.


Context: is it based on a novel?

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: Gary K. Wolf

Context: when was it adapted into a film?

Context: Eddie Valiant, Roger Rabbit, Jessica

Context: who is the antagonist in this film?

Context: Judge Doom

Question: who was the artists who played this character?

Answer: Christopher Lloyd

Judge Doom [SEP] Introduction

Judge Doom is the main antagonist in the 1988 motion picture "Who Framed Roger Rabbit", portrayed by Christopher Lloyd. He is depicted as a much feared, cruel and nefarious judge of Toontown who is revealed to be both an evil toon mastermind and the one responsible for the framing of the titular character and the killing of Eddie Valiant's brother within the film. Judge Doom is an original character from the script of the film created by screenwriters Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. Many actors were considered for the role of the character such as Tim Curry and Christopher Lee.


Context: is it based on a novel?

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: Gary K. Wolf

Context: when was it adapted into a film?

Context: Eddie Valiant, Roger Rabbit, Jessica

Context: who is the antagonist in this film?

Context: Judge Doom

Context: who was the artists who played this character?

Context: Christopher Lloyd

Question: are there merchandises made for this character?

Answer: Yes, LJN released film merchandise of the character with the pet vulture that was scrapped during production.

Explanation: LJN released film merchandise of the character with the pet vulture that was scrapped during production. Doom and Eddie Valiant were both playable characters in the action board game Who Framed Roger Rabbit: Dip Flip by LJN. In the game one player plays Judge Doom to dip as many toons as they can while another player plays Eddie Valiant trying to save the toons. A Funko action figure of Judge Doom with his animated eyes along with him holding the anthropomorphic shoe that he dips in "Who Framed Roger Rabbit" was released by Walt Disney Company as part of the Roger Rabbit lineup.

Judge Doom [SEP] Merchandising


Context: is it based on a novel?

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: Gary K. Wolf

Context: when was it adapted into a film?

Context: Eddie Valiant, Roger Rabbit, Jessica

Context: who is the antagonist in this film?

Context: Judge Doom

Context: Christopher Lloyd

Context: are there merchandises made for this character?

Context: Yes, LJN released film merchandise of the character with the pet vulture that was scrapped during production.

Question: does the book and the film have the same basic plot?

Answer: No, some of the characteristics, as well as the basic plot, are significantly different, the cartoons of the novel are primarily comic strip characters, as opposed to animated cartoon stars.

Who Censored Roger Rabbit? [SEP] Comparison to the film adaptation

Although the book features many of the same characters used in the film, some of their characteristics, as well as the basic plot, are significantly different. The novel is set in the present day and in a strange universe in which real humans and cartoon characters co-exist. The cartoons of the novel are primarily comic strip characters, as opposed to animated cartoon stars, with famous strip characters making cameos, such as Dick Tracy, Snoopy, Dagwood and Blondie Bumstead, Beetle Bailey, and Hägar the Horrible. Strips are produced by photographing cartoon characters. In this version, "toon" characters speak in word balloons which appear above their heads as they talk.


Context: is it based on a novel?

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: Gary K. Wolf

Context: when was it adapted into a film?

Context: Eddie Valiant, Roger Rabbit, Jessica

Context: who is the antagonist in this film?

Context: Judge Doom

Context: Christopher Lloyd

Context: does the book and the film have the same basic plot?

Context: No, some of the characteristics, as well as the basic plot, are significantly different, the cartoons of the novel are primarily comic strip characters, as opposed to animated cartoon stars.

Question: who was the animator for the film?

Answer: Richard Williams

Price and Seaman wrote two drafts of the script before Disney brought in executive producer Steven Spielberg and his production company, Amblin Entertainment. Zemeckis was brought on to direct the film while Canadian animator Richard Williams was hired to supervise the animation sequences. Production was moved from Los Angeles to Elstree Studios in England to accommodate Williams and his group of animators. While filming, the production budget began to rapidly expand and the shooting schedule ran longer than expected. The film was released through Disney's Touchstone Pictures banner on June 22, 1988. It received acclaim from critics, who praised its visuals, humor, writing and performances.


Context: is it based on a novel?

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: Gary K. Wolf

Context: when was it adapted into a film?

Context: Eddie Valiant, Roger Rabbit, Jessica

Context: who is the antagonist in this film?

Context: Judge Doom

Context: Christopher Lloyd

Context: who was the animator for the film?

Context: Richard Williams

Question: was there a legal issue?

Answer: Gary K. Wolf, author of the novel "Who Censored Roger Rabbit?", filed a lawsuit in 2001 against The Walt Disney Company, claiming he was owed royalties based on the value of "gross receipts" and merchandising sales.

Who Framed Roger Rabbit [SEP] Legal issue

Gary K. Wolf, author of the novel "Who Censored Roger Rabbit?", filed a lawsuit in 2001 against The Walt Disney Company. He claimed he was owed royalties based on the value of "gross receipts" and merchandising sales. In 2002, the trial court in the case ruled that these only referred to actual cash receipts Disney collected and denied Wolf's claim. In its January 2004 ruling, the California Court of Appeal disagreed, finding that expert testimony introduced by Wolf regarding the customary use of "gross receipts" in the entertainment business could support a broader reading of the term. The ruling vacated the trial court's order in favor of Disney and remanded the case for further proceedings.


Question: when did immigrants stop coming to ellis island

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Ellis Island [SEP] Introduction

Ellis Island is a federally owned island in New York Harbor that was the United States' busiest immigrant inspection station. From 1892 to 1924, approximately 12 million immigrants arriving at the Port of New York and New Jersey were processed there under federal law. Today, it is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, accessible to the public only by ferry. The north side of the island is the site of the main building, now a national museum of immigration. The south side of the island, including the Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital, is only open to the public through guided tours.


Context: when did immigrants stop coming to ellis island

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Question: where is this island located?

Answer: New York Harbor

Explanation: New York Harbor

Ellis Island [SEP] Introduction


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Context: where is this island located?

Context: New York Harbor

Question: can you mention any geographical features of the islands?

Answer: Ellis Island is in Upper New York Bay, east of Liberty State Park and north of Liberty Island. While most of the island is in Jersey City, New Jersey, a small section is an exclave of New York City.

Ellis Island [SEP] Geography and access

Ellis Island is in Upper New York Bay, east of Liberty State Park and north of Liberty Island. While most of the island is in Jersey City, New Jersey, a small section is an exclave of New York City. The island has a land area of , much of which is from land reclamation. The natural island and contiguous areas comprise within New York, and are located on the northern portion of the present-day island. The artificial land is part of New Jersey. The island has been owned and administered by the federal government of the United States since 1808 and operated by the National Park Service since 1965.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this island located?

Context: New York Harbor

Context: can you mention any geographical features of the islands?

Context: Ellis Island is in Upper New York Bay, east of Liberty State Park and north of Liberty Island. While most of the island is in Jersey City, New Jersey, a small section is an exclave of New York City.

Question: are there any military facilities?

Answer: Ellis Island was also used by the military for almost 80 years. By the mid-1790s, as a result of the United States' increased military tensions with Britain and France, a U.S. congressional committee drew a map of possible locations for the First System of fortifications to protect major American urban centers such as New York Harbor.

Ellis Island [SEP] Military use and Fort Gibson

Ellis Island was also used by the military for almost 80 years. By the mid-1790s, as a result of the United States' increased military tensions with Britain and France, a U.S. congressional committee drew a map of possible locations for the First System of fortifications to protect major American urban centers such as New York Harbor. A small part of Ellis Island from “the soil from high to low waters mark around Ellis's Island" was owned by the city. On April 21, 1794, the city deeded that land to the state for public defense purposes. The following year, the state allotted $100,000 for fortifications on Bedloe's, Ellis, and Governors Islands, as well as the construction of Castle Garden (now Castle Clinton) along the Battery on Manhattan island.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this island located?

Context: New York Harbor

Context: are there any military facilities?

Context: Ellis Island was also used by the military for almost 80 years. By the mid-1790s, as a result of the United States' increased military tensions with Britain and France, a U.S. congressional committee drew a map of possible locations for the First System of fortifications to protect major American urban centers such as New York Harbor.

Question: what was the state of this place before colonialization?

Answer: The present-day Ellis Island was created by retreating glaciers at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation about 15,000 years ago. The island was described as a "hummock along a plain fronting the west side of the Hudson River estuary.

Ellis Island [SEP] Precolonial and colonial use

The present-day Ellis Island was created by retreating glaciers at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation about 15,000 years ago. The island was described as a "hummock along a plain fronting the west side of the Hudson River estuary," and when the glaciers melted, the water of the Upper New York Bay surrounded the mass. The native Mohegan name for the island was "Kioshk", meaning "Gull Island", in reference to Ellis Island's former large population of seagulls. Kioshk was composed mostly of marshy, brackish lowlands that disappeared underwater at high tide. The Native American tribes who lived nearby are presumed to have been hunter-gatherers who used the island to hunt for fish and oysters, as well as to build transient hunting and fishing communities there.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this island located?

Context: New York Harbor

Context: are there any military facilities?

Context: what was the state of this place before colonialization?

Context: The present-day Ellis Island was created by retreating glaciers at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation about 15,000 years ago. The island was described as a "hummock along a plain fronting the west side of the Hudson River estuary.

Question: what is this glaciation process that you just mentioned?

Answer: It refers to the most recent glacial period of the North American ice sheet complex. This advance included the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, which nucleated in the northern North American Cordillera

Wisconsin glaciation [SEP] Introduction

The Wisconsin Glacial Episode, also called the Wisconsin glaciation, was the most recent glacial period of the North American ice sheet complex. This advance included the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, which nucleated in the northern North American Cordillera; the Innuitian ice sheet, which extended across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago; the Greenland ice sheet; and the massive Laurentide Ice Sheet, which covered the high latitudes of central and eastern North America. This advance was synchronous with global glaciation during the last glacial period, including the North American alpine glacier advance, known as the Pinedale glaciation. The Wisconsin glaciation extended from approximately 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, between the Sangamonian Stage (known globally as the Eemian stage) and the current interglacial, the Holocene.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this island located?

Context: New York Harbor

Context: are there any military facilities?

Context: what is this glaciation process that you just mentioned?

Context: It refers to the most recent glacial period of the North American ice sheet complex. This advance included the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, which nucleated in the northern North American Cordillera

Question: when did it happen?

Answer: From approximately 75,000 to 11,000 years ago

Explanation: n. The Wisconsin glaciation extended from approximately 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, between the Sangamonian Stage (known globally as the Eemian stage) and the current interglacial, the Holocene.

Wisconsin glaciation [SEP] Introduction

During much of the glaciation, sea level was low enough to permit land animals, including humans, to occupy Beringia (the Bering Land Bridge) and move between North America and Siberia. As the glaciers retreated, glacial lakes were breached in great floods of water such as the Kankakee Torrent, which reshaped the landscape south of modern Chicago as far as the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.


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Context: where is this island located?

Context: New York Harbor

Context: are there any military facilities?

Context: when did it happen?

Context: From approximately 75,000 to 11,000 years ago

Question: has it resulted in formation of sheets of ice?

Answer: No, but  the ice sheet melted from the north at a moraine, water would begin to pond in the divide between a moraine and the ice front.

Wisconsin glaciation [SEP] Formation of proglacial and prehistoric lakes

Whenever the ice sheet melted from the north at a moraine, water would begin to pond in the divide between a moraine and the ice front. The ice would act as a dam as water could not drain through the ice sheet, which in the Wisconsin period covered most of the proglacial river valleys. Numerous small, isolated water bodies formed between the moraine and the ice front. As the ice sheet would continue to melt and recede northward, these ponds combined into proglacial lakes. In areas without an available outlet, the water levels would either continue to rise until reaching one or more low spots along the rim of a moraine, or the ice sheet would retreat, opening access to a lower portion of the moraine.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this island located?

Context: New York Harbor

Context: are there any military facilities?

Context: when did it happen?

Context: has it resulted in formation of sheets of ice?

Context: No, but  the ice sheet melted from the north at a moraine, water would begin to pond in the divide between a moraine and the ice front.

Question: can you describe the place where the sheet of ice melted at?

Answer: A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions on Earth

Moraine [SEP] Introduction

A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (regolith and rock) that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions on Earth (i.e. a past glacial maximum), through geomorphological processes. Moraines are formed from debris previously carried along by a glacier, and normally consist of somewhat rounded particles ranging in size from large boulders to minute glacial flour. Lateral moraines are formed at the side of the ice flow and terminal moraines at the foot, marking the maximum advance of the glacier. Other types of moraine include ground moraines (till-covered areas with irregular topography) and medial moraines (moraines formed where two glaciers meet).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this island located?

Context: New York Harbor

Context: are there any military facilities?

Context: when did it happen?

Context: can you describe the place where the sheet of ice melted at?

Context: A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions on Earth

Question: from where does the name originate?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Moraine [SEP] Introduction


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Context: where is this island located?

Context: New York Harbor

Context: are there any military facilities?

Context: when did it happen?

Context: from where does the name originate?

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Question: mention any feature of this.

Answer: It is composed of debris ranging in size from silt-sized glacial flour to large boulders. The debris is typically sub-angular to rounded in shape.

Moraine [SEP] Characteristics

Moraines may be composed of debris ranging in size from silt-sized glacial flour to large boulders. The debris is typically sub-angular to rounded in shape. Moraines may be on the glacier's surface or deposited as piles or sheets of debris where the glacier has melted.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this island located?

Context: New York Harbor

Context: are there any military facilities?

Context: when did it happen?

Context: from where does the name originate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: mention any feature of this.

Context: It is composed of debris ranging in size from silt-sized glacial flour to large boulders. The debris is typically sub-angular to rounded in shape.

Question: can you name any of its types?

Answer: Moraines can be classified either by origin, location with respect to a glacier or former glacier, or by shape. Some are Lateral moraines, Ground moraines, Rogen moraines.

Moraine [SEP] Types of moraines

Moraines can be classified either by origin, location with respect to a glacier or former glacier, or by shape. The first approach is suitable for moraines associated with contemporary glaciers—but more difficult to apply to old moraines, which are defined by their particular morphology, since their origin is debated. Some moraine types are known only from ancient glaciers, while medial moraines of valley glaciers are poorly preserved and difficult to distinguish after the retreat or melting of the glacier.


Question: who sent delegation to washington to petition for statehood for texas

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Texas annexation [SEP] Introduction

The Texas annexation was the 1845 annexation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845. The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2, 1836. It applied for annexation to the United States the same year, but was rejected by the Secretary of State. At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States. The leadership of both major U.S. political parties, the Democrats and the Whigs, opposed the introduction of Texas, a vast slave-holding region, into the volatile political climate of the pro- and anti-slavery sectional controversies in Congress.


Context: who sent delegation to washington to petition for statehood for texas

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Question: what is  texas annexation?

Answer: It was the 1845 annexation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845

Explanation: The Texas annexation was the 1845 annexation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845

Texas annexation [SEP] Introduction


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Context: what is  texas annexation?

Context: It was the 1845 annexation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845

Question: what is the aforesaid republic all about?

Answer: It was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846, although Mexico considered it a rebellious province during its entire existence.

Republic of Texas [SEP] Introduction

The Republic of Texas () was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846, although Mexico considered it a rebellious province during its entire existence. It was bordered by Mexico to the west and southwest, the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast, the two U.S. states of Louisiana and Arkansas to the east and northeast, and United States territories encompassing parts of the current U.S. states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico to the north and west. The citizens of the republic were known as Texians. The region of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas, now commonly referred to as Mexican Texas, declared its independence from Mexico during the Texas Revolution in 1835–1836, when the Centralist Republic of Mexico abolished autonomy from states of the Mexican federal republic.


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Context: what is  texas annexation?

Context: what is the aforesaid republic all about?

Context: It was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846, although Mexico considered it a rebellious province during its entire existence.

Question: what is its spanish type?

Answer: During the late Spanish colonial era, Texas had been one of the "Provincias Internas", and the region is known in the historiography as Spanish Texas.

Republic of Texas [SEP] Spanish Texas

During the late Spanish colonial era, Texas had been one of the "Provincias Internas", and the region is known in the historiography as Spanish Texas. Though claimed by Spain, it was not formally colonized by the empire until competing French interests at Fort St. Louis encouraged Spain to establish permanent settlements in the area. The region was occupied and claimed by the existing indigenous groups. Sporadic missionary incursions occurred into the area during the period from the 1690s–1710s, before the establishment of San Antonio as a permanent civilian settlement. Owing to the area's relatively dense Native American populations, its remoteness from the population centers of New Spain, and the lack of any obvious valuable resources such as silver, Texas had only a small European population, although Spain maintained a small military presence to protect Christian missionaries working among Native American tribes, and to act as a buffer against the French in Louisiana and British North America.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is  texas annexation?

Context: what is its spanish type?

Context: During the late Spanish colonial era, Texas had been one of the "Provincias Internas", and the region is known in the historiography as Spanish Texas.

Question: what is the mexican type?

Answer: Along with the rest of Mexico, Texas gained its independence from Spain in 1821 following the Treaty of Córdoba, and the new Mexican state was organized under the Plan of Iguala, which created Mexico as a constitutional monarchy under its first Emperor Agustín de Iturbide.

Republic of Texas [SEP] Mexican Texas

Along with the rest of Mexico, Texas gained its independence from Spain in 1821 following the Treaty of Córdoba, and the new Mexican state was organized under the Plan of Iguala, which created Mexico as a constitutional monarchy under its first Emperor Agustín de Iturbide. During the transition from a Spanish territory to a part of the independent country of Mexico, Stephen F. Austin led a group of American settlers known as the Old Three Hundred, who negotiated the right to settle in Texas with the Spanish Royal governor of the territory. Since Mexican independence had been ratified by Spain shortly thereafter, Austin later traveled to Mexico City to secure the support of the new country for his right to settle.


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Context: what is  texas annexation?

Context: what is its spanish type?

Context: what is the mexican type?

Context: Along with the rest of Mexico, Texas gained its independence from Spain in 1821 following the Treaty of Córdoba, and the new Mexican state was organized under the Plan of Iguala, which created Mexico as a constitutional monarchy under its first Emperor Agustín de Iturbide.

Question: what is the education here like?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Republic of Texas [SEP] Education

President Anson Jones signed the charter for Baylor University in the fall of 1845. Henry Lee Graves was elected Baylor's first president. It is believed to be the oldest university in Texas, however, Rutersville College was chartered in 1840 with land and the town of Rutersville. Chauncey Richardson was elected Rutersville's first president. The college later became Southwestern University in Georgetown, Fayette county. University of Mary Hardin-Baylor was also chartered by the Republic of Texas in 1845, and received lands in Belton, Texas. Wesleyan College, chartered in 1844 and signed by president Sam Houston, another predecessor to Southwestern did not survive long due to competition from other colleges.


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Context: what is  texas annexation?

Context: what is its spanish type?

Context: what is the mexican type?

Context: what is the education here like?

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Question: what are the objectives of this aforesaid treaty mentioned?

Answer: In the treaty, New Spain is recognized as an independent empire, which is defined as "monarchical, constitutional and moderate

Treaty of Córdoba [SEP] Objectives

In the treaty, New Spain is recognized as an independent empire, which is defined as "monarchical, constitutional and moderate." The crown of the Mexican Empire was offered first to Ferdinand VII of Spain. Should he not present himself in Mexico within the time to be determined by the Mexican Cortes (parliament) to take the oath of office, the crown would then be offered in sequence to his brothers, the Infantes Carlos and Francisco, and cousin, Archduke Charles or another individual of a royal house, whom the Cortes would determine. In the case that none of these accept the crown (as indeed did happen), the treaty then established that Cortes could designate a new king without specifying if the person needed to belong to a European royal house.


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Context: what is  texas annexation?

Context: what is its spanish type?

Context: what is the mexican type?

Context: what is the education here like?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the objectives of this aforesaid treaty mentioned?

Context: In the treaty, New Spain is recognized as an independent empire, which is defined as "monarchical, constitutional and moderate

Question: when did it get signed?

Answer: August 24, 1821

Treaty of Córdoba [SEP] Introduction

The Treaty of Córdoba established Mexican independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence. It was signed on August 24, 1821 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. The signatories were the head of the Army of the Three Guarantees, Agustín de Iturbide, and, acting on behalf of the Spanish government, "Jefe Político Superior" Juan O'Donojú. The treaty has 17 articles, which developed the proposals of the Plan of Iguala. The Treaty is the first document in which Spanish (without authorization) and Mexican officials accept the liberty of what will become the First Mexican Empire, but it is not today recognized as the foundational moment, since these ideas are often attributed to the Grito de Dolores (September 16, 1810).


Question: what is tropical storm arlene (1981)?

Answer: It was a rare off-season tropical cyclone.

Explanation: was a rare off-season tropical cyclone

Tropical Storm Arlene (1981) [SEP] Introduction

Tropical Storm Arlene was a rare off-season tropical cyclone that hit Cuba and the Bahamas in May 1981. Its formation was unusual, originating from a tropical disturbance that crossed from the eastern Pacific Ocean into the Caribbean Sea; few Atlantic hurricanes develop in this manner. On May 6, a tropical depression developed, and the next day it became Tropical Storm Arlene near the Cayman Islands, three weeks before the start of the hurricane season. This marked the first Atlantic tropical storm in May since 1970's Hurricane Alma. Arlene moved northeastward throughout its life, bringing rainfall and locally gusty winds as it crossed Cuba and the southeastern Bahamas.


Context: what is tropical storm arlene (1981)?

Context: It was a rare off-season tropical cyclone.

Question: what is the physical structure of this above type of cyclone just mentioned?

Answer: Its formation was unusual, originating from a tropical disturbance that crossed from the eastern Pacific Ocean into the Caribbean Sea; few Atlantic hurricanes develop in this manner.

Explanation: Its formation was unusual, originating from a tropical disturbance that crossed from the eastern Pacific Ocean into the Caribbean Sea; few Atlantic hurricanes develop in this manner.


Context: what is tropical storm arlene (1981)?

Context: what is the physical structure of this above type of cyclone just mentioned?

Context: Its formation was unusual, originating from a tropical disturbance that crossed from the eastern Pacific Ocean into the Caribbean Sea; few Atlantic hurricanes develop in this manner.

Question: what is the seasonal variation seen in this last mentioned hurricane?

Answer: Approximately 97 percent of tropical cyclones that form in the North Atlantic develop between the dates of June 1 and November 30 and the official end has shifted from its initial date of October 31.

Explanation: approximately 97 percent of tropical cyclones that form in the North Atlantic develop between the dates of June 1 and November 30 – dates which delimit the modern-day Atlantic hurricane season.

Atlantic hurricane [SEP] Seasonal variation

Hurricane Hattie (October 27 – November 1, 1961) was initially thought to have been the latest forming Category 5 hurricane ever documented, though reanalysis indicated that a devastating hurricane in 1932 reached such an intensity at a later date. Consequently, this made the hurricane the latest developing tropical cyclone to reach all four Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale classifications past Category 1 intensity.


Context: what is tropical storm arlene (1981)?

Context: what is the seasonal variation seen in this last mentioned hurricane?

Context: Approximately 97 percent of tropical cyclones that form in the North Atlantic develop between the dates of June 1 and November 30 and the official end has shifted from its initial date of October 31.

Question: what kind of intensity it has?

Answer: It is determined by either the storm's maximum sustained winds or lowest barometric pressure.

Atlantic hurricane [SEP] Intensity

Generally speaking, the intensity of a tropical cyclone is determined by either the storm's maximum sustained winds or lowest barometric pressure. The following table lists the most intense Atlantic hurricanes in terms of their lowest barometric pressure. In terms of wind speed, Hurricane Allen (in 1980) was the strongest Atlantic tropical cyclone on record, with maximum sustained winds of 190 mph (305 km/h). However, these measurements are suspect since instrumentation used to document wind speeds at the time would likely succumb to winds of such intensity. Nonetheless, their central pressures are low enough to rank them among the strongest recorded Atlantic hurricanes.


Context: what is tropical storm arlene (1981)?

Context: what kind of intensity it has?

Context: It is determined by either the storm's maximum sustained winds or lowest barometric pressure.

Question: what are the steering factors of this hurricane?

Answer: The surrounding flow throughout the depth of the troposphere, the atmospheric flow affects the path of a hurricane across the ocean etc

Atlantic hurricane [SEP] Steering factors

Tropical cyclones are steered by the surrounding flow throughout the depth of the troposphere (the atmosphere from the surface to about eight miles (12 km) high). Neil Frank, former director of the United States National Hurricane Center, used the analogies such as "a leaf carried along in a stream" or a "brick moving through a river of air" to describe the way atmospheric flow affects the path of a hurricane across the ocean. Specifically, air flow around high pressure systems and toward low pressure areas influences hurricane tracks. In the tropical latitudes, tropical storms and hurricanes generally move westward with a slight tendency toward the north, under the influence of the "subtropical ridge", a high pressure system that usually extends east–west across the subtropics.


Context: what is tropical storm arlene (1981)?

Context: what kind of intensity it has?

Context: what are the steering factors of this hurricane?

Context: The surrounding flow throughout the depth of the troposphere, the atmospheric flow affects the path of a hurricane across the ocean etc

Question: what is the composition of the above mentioned sphere?

Answer: Nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide etc

Troposphere [SEP] Composition

By volume, dry air contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor. Except for the water vapor content, the composition of the troposphere is essentially uniform. The source of water vapor is at the Earth's surface through the process of evaporation. The temperature of the troposphere decreases with altitude. And, saturation vapor pressure decreases strongly as temperature drops. Hence, the amount of water vapor that can exist in the atmosphere decreases strongly with altitude and the proportion of water vapor is normally greatest near the surface of the Earth.


Context: what is tropical storm arlene (1981)?

Context: what kind of intensity it has?

Context: what is the composition of the above mentioned sphere?

Context: Nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide etc

Question: what are some early experiments regarding the second mentioned gas?

Answer: Relationship between combustion and air, air is necessary for combustion, fire requires only a part of air etc

Explanation: relationship between combustion and air

Oxygen [SEP] Early experiments

One of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air was conducted by the 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium. In his work "Pneumatica", Philo observed that inverting a vessel over a burning candle and surrounding the vessel's neck with water resulted in some water rising into the neck. Philo incorrectly surmised that parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire and thus were able to escape through pores in the glass. Many centuries later Leonardo da Vinci built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration.


Context: what is tropical storm arlene (1981)?

Context: what kind of intensity it has?

Context: what are some early experiments regarding the second mentioned gas?

Context: Relationship between combustion and air, air is necessary for combustion, fire requires only a part of air etc

Question: how did its discovery take place?

Answer: Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele produced oxygen gas by heating mercuric oxide and various nitrates in 1771–2.

Oxygen [SEP] Discovery

This discovery of Sendivogius was however frequently denied by the generations of scientists and chemists which succeeded him. It is also commonly claimed that oxygen was first discovered by Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. He had produced oxygen gas by heating mercuric oxide and various nitrates in 1771–2. Scheele called the gas "fire air" because it was then the only known agent to support combustion. He wrote an account of this discovery in a manuscript titled "Treatise on Air and Fire", which he sent to his publisher in 1775. That document was published in 1777. In the meantime, on August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide (HgO) contained in a glass tube, which liberated a gas he named "dephlogisticated air".


Context: what is tropical storm arlene (1981)?

Context: what kind of intensity it has?

Context: how did its discovery take place?

Context: Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele produced oxygen gas by heating mercuric oxide and various nitrates in 1771–2.

Question: what theory did this above mentioned pharmacist invent?

Answer: Theory of phlogiston

Explanation: theory of phlogiston

Carl Wilhelm Scheele [SEP] The theory of phlogiston

Scheele achieved astonishingly prolific and important results without the expensive laboratory equipment to which his Parisian contemporary Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier was accustomed. Through the studies of Lavoisier, Joseph Priestley, Scheele, and others, chemistry was made a standardized field with consistent procedures. Although Scheele was unable to grasp the significance of his discovery of the substance that Lavoisier later named oxygen, his work was essential for the abandonment of the long-held theory of phlogiston. Scheele's study of the gas not yet named oxygen was prompted by a complaint by Torbern Olof Bergman, a professor at Uppsala University who would eventually become Scheele's friend.


Context: what is tropical storm arlene (1981)?

Context: what kind of intensity it has?

Context: how did its discovery take place?

Context: what theory did this above mentioned pharmacist invent?

Context: Theory of phlogiston

Question: what does this theory say in short?

Answer: After Bergman informed the pharmacist about his findings, the pharmacist explained that saltpeter  had absorbed phlogiston with the heat and gave off a new phlogisticated gas as an active principle when combined with an acid.

Bergman informed Scheele that the saltpeter he had purchased from Scheele's employer, after long heating, produced red vapors (now known to be nitrogen dioxide) when it came into contact with acetic acid. Scheele's quick explanation was that the saltpeter had absorbed phlogiston with the heat (had been reduced to nitrite, in modern terms) and gave off a new phlogisticated gas as an active principle when combined with an acid (even a weak acid). Bergman next suggested that Scheele analyze the properties of manganese (IV) oxide. It was through his studies of manganese (IV) oxide that Scheele developed his concept of "fire air" (his name for oxygen).


Context: what is tropical storm arlene (1981)?

Context: what kind of intensity it has?

Context: how did its discovery take place?

Context: Theory of phlogiston

Context: what does this theory say in short?

Context: After Bergman informed the pharmacist about his findings, the pharmacist explained that saltpeter  had absorbed phlogiston with the heat and gave off a new phlogisticated gas as an active principle when combined with an acid.

Question: what were the existing theories before him?

Answer: The phlogiston theory

Explanation: the phlogiston theory

Carl Wilhelm Scheele [SEP] Existing theories before Scheele

By the time he was a teenager, Scheele had learned the dominant theory of gases which in the 1770s was the phlogiston theory. Phlogiston, classified as "matter of fire", was supposed to be released from any burning material, and when it was exhausted, combustion would stop. When Scheele discovered oxygen he called it "fire air" as it supported combustion. Scheele explained oxygen using phlogistical terms because he did not believe that his discovery disproved the phlogiston theory. Before Scheele made his discovery of oxygen, he studied air. Air was thought to be an element that made up the environment in which chemical reactions took place but did not interfere with the reactions.


Question: is university of oxford the same as oxford university

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

University of Oxford [SEP] Introduction

The University of Oxford (legally "The Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford") is a collegiate research university in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two English ancient universities share many common features and are often jointly called "Oxbridge".


Context: is university of oxford the same as oxford university

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where is this university located?

Answer: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Explanation: The University of Oxford (legally "The Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford") is a collegiate research university in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.

University of Oxford [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this university located?

Context: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Question: are there any clubs in this institute?

Answer: Yes, Bullingdon Club

University of Oxford [SEP] Clubs and societies

There are groups for almost all faiths, political parties, countries and cultures. The Oxford Union (not to be confused with the Oxford University Student Union) hosts weekly debates and high-profile speakers. There have historically been elite invite-only societies such as the Bullingdon Club.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this university located?

Context: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Context: are there any clubs in this institute?

Context: Yes, Bullingdon Club

Question: what is this club about?

Answer: It is a private all-male dining club for Oxford University students

Bullingdon Club [SEP] Introduction

The Bullingdon Club is a private all-male dining club for Oxford University students. It is known for its wealthy members, grand banquets, and occasionally bad behaviour, including vandalism of restaurants and students' rooms. The club is known to select its members not only on the grounds of wealth and willingness to partake but also by means of education. Former pupils of public schools such as Eton, Harrow, Radley, Shrewsbury, Rugby, Westminster, Charterhouse, St. Paul's, and Winchester form the bulk of its membership. The Bullingdon was originally a sporting club, dedicated to cricket and horse-racing, although club dinners gradually became its principal activity.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this university located?

Context: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Context: are there any clubs in this institute?

Context: Yes, Bullingdon Club

Context: what is this club about?

Context: It is a private all-male dining club for Oxford University students

Question: is there a particular dressing style that one has to follow here?

Answer: Yes, bespoke tailored tailcoats in dark navy blue, with a matching velvet collar, offset with ivory silk lapel revers, brass monogrammed buttons, a mustard waistcoat, and a sky blue bow tie

Bullingdon Club [SEP] Dress

The Club's colours are sky blue and ivory. Members dress for their annual Club dinner in bespoke tailored tailcoats in dark navy blue, with a matching velvet collar, offset with ivory silk lapel revers, brass monogrammed buttons, a mustard waistcoat, and a sky blue bow tie. There is also a Club tie, which is sky blue striped with ivory. These are all provided by the Oxford branch of court tailors Ede and Ravenscroft. In 2007 the full uniform was estimated to cost £3,500. Traditionally when they played cricket, members "were identified by a ribbon of blue and white on their straw hats, and by stripes of the same colours down their flannel trousers".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this university located?

Context: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Context: are there any clubs in this institute?

Context: Yes, Bullingdon Club

Context: what is this club about?

Context: is there a particular dressing style that one has to follow here?

Context: Yes, bespoke tailored tailcoats in dark navy blue, with a matching velvet collar, offset with ivory silk lapel revers, brass monogrammed buttons, a mustard waistcoat, and a sky blue bow tie

Question: has it been referred to in any media?

Answer: Yes, in the UK Channel 4 docu-drama "When Boris Met Dave"

Bullingdon Club [SEP] Documentary

David Cameron's and Boris Johnson's period in the Bullingdon Club was examined in the UK Channel 4 docu-drama "When Boris Met Dave", broadcast on 7 October 2009 on More 4. An "Observer Magazine" article in October 2011 reviewed George Osborne's membership of the club.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this university located?

Context: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Context: are there any clubs in this institute?

Context: Yes, Bullingdon Club

Context: what is this club about?

Context: has it been referred to in any media?

Context: Yes, in the UK Channel 4 docu-drama "When Boris Met Dave"

Question: what is this show about?

Answer: Investigates the shared past of David Cameron and Boris Johnson

When Boris Met Dave [SEP] Introduction

When Boris Met Dave is a docudrama of 2009 which investigates the shared past of David Cameron and Boris Johnson who, at the time of broadcast, were two of Britain's most influential Conservative Party politicians – Cameron as Conservative leader and Johnson as Mayor of London. The film features interviews with people who knew Cameron and Johnson both at Eton College and Oxford, where they were both members of the Bullingdon Club. The programme also looks at Johnson's campaign to become president of the Oxford Union and dramatises some of the other key events of their student days. The film was first broadcast on More4 on 7 October 2009, and was later repeated on Channel 4.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this university located?

Context: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Context: are there any clubs in this institute?

Context: Yes, Bullingdon Club

Context: what is this club about?

Context: has it been referred to in any media?

Context: what is this show about?

Context: Investigates the shared past of David Cameron and Boris Johnson

Question: who is the former ?

Answer: A British Conservative Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

David Cameron [SEP] Introduction

David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966) is a British Conservative Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Witney from 2001 to 2016 and leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016. He identifies as a one-nation conservative, and has been associated with both economically liberal and socially liberal policies. Born in London to an upper-middle-class family, Cameron was educated at Heatherdown School, Eton College, and Brasenose College, Oxford. From 1988 to 1993 he worked at the Conservative Research Department, latterly assisting the Conservative Prime Minister John Major, before leaving politics to work for Carlton Communications in 1994.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this university located?

Context: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Context: are there any clubs in this institute?

Context: Yes, Bullingdon Club

Context: what is this club about?

Context: has it been referred to in any media?

Context: what is this show about?

Context: who is the former ?

Context: A British Conservative Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Question: when did he become the prime minister?

Answer: In 2010

David Cameron [SEP] Prime Minister (2010–2016)

On 11 May 2010, following the resignation of Gordon Brown as Prime Minister and on his recommendation, Queen Elizabeth II invited Cameron to form a government. At age 43, Cameron became the youngest Prime Minister since Lord Liverpool in 1812, beating the record previously set by Tony Blair in May 1997. In his first address outside 10 Downing Street, he announced his intention to form a coalition government, the first since the Second World War, with the Liberal Democrats. Cameron outlined how he intended to "put aside party differences and work hard for the common good and for the national interest." As one of his first moves Cameron appointed Nick Clegg, the leader of the Liberal Democrats, as Deputy Prime Minister on 11 May 2010.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this university located?

Context: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Context: are there any clubs in this institute?

Context: Yes, Bullingdon Club

Context: what is this club about?

Context: has it been referred to in any media?

Context: what is this show about?

Context: who is the former ?

Context: when did he become the prime minister?

Context: In 2010

Question: what are his religious views?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this university located?

Context: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England

Context: are there any clubs in this institute?

Context: Yes, Bullingdon Club

Context: what is this club about?

Context: has it been referred to in any media?

Context: what is this show about?

Context: who is the former ?

Context: when did he become the prime minister?

Context: In 2010

Context: what are his religious views?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: has he ever been accused of elitism?

Answer: Yes

David Cameron [SEP] Allegations of social elitism

While Leader of the Conservative Party, Cameron was accused of reliance on "old-boy networks", and conversely attacked by his party for the imposition of selective shortlists of women and ethnic minority prospective parliamentary candidates. Some of Cameron's senior appointments, such as George Osborne as Chancellor of the Exchequer, are former members of the Bullingdon Club. Michael Gove conceded it was "ridiculous" how many fellow Cabinet ministers were old Etonians, though he placed the blame on the failings of the state education system rather than Cameron. However, Michael Mosbacher, co-founder of "Standpoint" magazine, wrote that Cameron's Cabinet has the lowest number of Etonians of any past Conservative government: "David Cameron's government is the least patrician, least wealthy and least public-school-educated—indeed the least Etonian Conservative-led government this country has ever seen".


Question: what is 'jerome is the new black'?

Answer: The seventh episode of the eighth season of the series "Family Guy".

Jerome Is the New Black [SEP] Introduction

"Jerome Is the New Black" is the seventh episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series "Family Guy". It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 22, 2009. The episode follows Peter, Joe and Quagmire as they go on a search for a new friend, in the absence of Cleveland. The group eventually decides on Jerome, a hip bar patron, which Peter goes on to regret when he eventually finds out that Jerome and Lois used to date. Meanwhile, Brian attempts to discover the source of Quagmire's personal dislike of him, only to become upset once Quagmire scolds him during a dinner date.


Context: what is 'jerome is the new black'?

Context: The seventh episode of the eighth season of the series "Family Guy".

Question: which cultural references did it have?

Answer: "Family Ties" and "Three's Company".

Jerome Is the New Black [SEP] Cultural references

Attempting to win over Quagmire, Brian decides to invite him to dinner, using model and actress Cheryl Tiegs as bait. Soon discovering the invitation to be fake, Quagmire is crushed, causing Brian to suggest that they can be a better team than Lewis and Clark, and a third member who enjoyed "ripping up maps." After Jerome is convinced to leave by Peter, Lois reveals a gift from Jerome of an original garbage structure made by character Nick Moore from the sitcom "Family Ties", the show Jerome had been watching earlier when Peter was spying on him.


Context: what is 'jerome is the new black'?

Context: which cultural references did it have?

Context: "Family Ties" and "Three's Company".

Question: what was the storyline?

Answer: The episode follows Peter, Joe and Quagmire as they go on a search for a new friend, in the absence of Cleveland.

Explanation: The episode follows Peter, Joe and Quagmire as they go on a search for a new friend, in the absence of Cleveland. The group eventually decides on Jerome, a hip bar patron, which Peter goes on to regret when he eventually finds out that Jerome and Lois used to date.


Context: what is 'jerome is the new black'?

Context: which cultural references did it have?

Context: "Family Ties" and "Three's Company".

Context: what was the storyline?

Context: The episode follows Peter, Joe and Quagmire as they go on a search for a new friend, in the absence of Cleveland.

Question: who are the main characters in the series?

Answer: Nana Visitor, Johnny Brennan and Ralph Garman.

Jerome Is the New Black [SEP] Production and development

Series regulars Peter Shin and James Purdum served as supervising directors, with Danny Smith, Seth MacFarlane and David Zuckerman serving as staff writers for the episode. In addition to the regular cast and Richardson, actress Nana Visitor briefly appeared as a crying woman in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Johnny Brennan, Chris Cox, Ralph Garman, writer and showrunner Mark Hentemann, writer Alec Sulkin and writer John Viener also made minor appearances.


Context: what is 'jerome is the new black'?

Context: which cultural references did it have?

Context: "Family Ties" and "Three's Company".

Context: what was the storyline?

Context: who are the main characters in the series?

Context: Nana Visitor, Johnny Brennan and Ralph Garman.

Question: did it face any lawsuits?

Answer: Yes, in December 2007..

Family Guy [SEP] Lawsuits

In December 2007, "Family Guy" was again accused of copyright infringement when actor Art Metrano filed a lawsuit regarding a scene in "", in which Jesus performs Metrano's signature "magic" act involving absurd "faux" magical hand gestures while humming the distinctive tune "Fine and Dandy". 20th Century Fox, MacFarlane, Callaghan and Borstein were all named in the suit. In July 2009 a federal district court judge rejected Fox's motion to dismiss, saying that the first three fair use factors involved – "purpose and character of the use", "nature of the infringed work" and "amount and substantiality of the taking" – counted in Metrano's favor, while the fourth – "economic impact" – had to await more fact-finding.


Context: what is 'jerome is the new black'?

Context: which cultural references did it have?

Context: "Family Ties" and "Three's Company".

Context: what was the storyline?

Context: did it face any lawsuits?

Context: Yes, in December 2007..

Question: what was it about?

Answer: It was regarding a scene in "", in which Jesus performs Metrano's signature "magic" act involving absurd "faux" magical hand gestures while humming the distinctive tune "Fine and Dandy".

Family Guy [SEP] Lawsuits


Context: what is 'jerome is the new black'?

Context: which cultural references did it have?

Context: "Family Ties" and "Three's Company".

Context: what was the storyline?

Context: did it face any lawsuits?

Context: Yes, in December 2007..

Context: what was it about?

Context: It was regarding a scene in "", in which Jesus performs Metrano's signature "magic" act involving absurd "faux" magical hand gestures while humming the distinctive tune "Fine and Dandy".

Question: are there any spin offs?

Answer: Yes, "The Cleveland Show".

Explanation: MacFarlane co-created—alongside Mike Henry and Richard Appel—the "Family Guy" spin-off "The Cleveland Show", which premiered September 27, 2009. They began discussing the project in 2007.

Family Guy [SEP] Spin-off


Context: what is 'jerome is the new black'?

Context: which cultural references did it have?

Context: "Family Ties" and "Three's Company".

Context: what was the storyline?

Context: did it face any lawsuits?

Context: Yes, in December 2007..

Context: what was it about?

Context: are there any spin offs?

Context: Yes, "The Cleveland Show".

Question: who produced it?

Answer: Seth MacFarlane, Mike Henry and Richard Appel.

Explanation: Seth MacFarlane, Mike Henry and Richard Appel served as executive producers on the series since the first season.

The Cleveland Show [SEP] Executive producers


Context: what is 'jerome is the new black'?

Context: which cultural references did it have?

Context: "Family Ties" and "Three's Company".

Context: what was the storyline?

Context: did it face any lawsuits?

Context: Yes, in December 2007..

Context: what was it about?

Context: are there any spin offs?

Context: Yes, "The Cleveland Show".

Context: who produced it?

Context: Seth MacFarlane, Mike Henry and Richard Appel.

Question: who were the voice artists involved?

Answer: Mike Henry and Sanaa Lathan.

The Cleveland Show [SEP] Voice cast

Mike Henry voices two of the show's main characters: Cleveland Brown and Rallo Tubbs. The voice of Cleveland was developed originally for "Family Guy" by Henry after being influenced by one of his best friends who had a very distinct regional accent. For the voice of Rallo, Henry stated that he originally created the voice over twenty years before; he had used it while making prank phone calls. Sanaa Lathan voices Donna Tubbs, the wife of Cleveland, stepmother of Cleveland Brown Jr., and mother of Roberta and Rallo Tubbs. In developing the character, Lathan said that the producers "wanted her to be educated, but to have some edge." Prior to voicing Donna, Lathan had only one other voice credit in a relatively low-budget film entitled "The Golden Blaze".


Context: what is 'jerome is the new black'?

Context: which cultural references did it have?

Context: "Family Ties" and "Three's Company".

Context: what was the storyline?

Context: did it face any lawsuits?

Context: Yes, in December 2007..

Context: what was it about?

Context: are there any spin offs?

Context: Yes, "The Cleveland Show".

Context: who produced it?

Context: who were the voice artists involved?

Context: Mike Henry and Sanaa Lathan.

Question: how was it received by the critics?

Answer: It got mixed reviews from critics.

The Cleveland Show [SEP] Critical reception

"The Cleveland Show" has received mixed reviews from critics and negative reviews from fans. Review aggregator Metacritic gave the show a score of 57 out of 100. Tom Shales of "The Washington Post" spoke very negatively about both the show and MacFarlane himself, describing him as "no better than the dirty old man hanging around playgrounds with naughty pictures or risque jokes as lures". Roberto Bianco of "USA Today" wrote a similarly negative review, suggesting that the easiest fix for its problem was "cancellation". John McWhorter of "The New Republic" called it "a patronizing mess" and "basically "Family Guy" in blackface".


Question: who is derek jeter?

Answer: He is a former professional baseball shortstop, businessman, and baseball executive.

Derek Jeter [SEP] Introduction

Derek Sanderson Jeter ( ; born June 26, 1974) is an American former professional baseball shortstop, businessman, and baseball executive. He has been the chief executive officer (CEO) and part owner of the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB) since September 2017. As a player, Jeter spent his entire 20-year MLB career with the New York Yankees. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 2020; he received 396 of 397 possible votes (99.75%), the second-highest percentage in MLB history and the highest by a position player. A five-time World Series champion, Jeter is regarded as one of the primary contributors to the Yankees' success of the late 1990s and early 2000s for his hitting, base-running, fielding, and leadership.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: He is a former professional baseball shortstop, businessman, and baseball executive.

Question: when was he born?

Answer: 26 June ,1974.

Explanation: Derek Sanderson Jeter ( ; born June 26, 1974)

Derek Jeter [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Question: where?

Answer: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Derek Jeter [SEP] Early life

Derek Sanderson Jeter was born on June 26, 1974, in Pequannock Township, New Jersey, the son of accountant Dorothy (née Connors) and substance abuse counselor Sanderson Charles Jeter. His mother is of English, German, and Irish ancestry, while his father is African-American. They met while serving in the United States Army in Germany. His father played baseball at Fisk University in Tennessee as a shortstop, and holds a PhD. When Jeter was a child, his parents made him sign a contract every year that defined acceptable and unacceptable forms of behavior. Dorothy instilled a positive attitude in her son, insisting that he not use the word "can't".


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Question: do you know his parent's names?

Answer: Yes, Dorothy and Sanderson Charles Jeter.

Explanation: Dorothy (née Connors) and substance abuse counselor Sanderson Charles Jeter.

Derek Jeter [SEP] Early life


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: Yes, Dorothy and Sanderson Charles Jeter.

Question: is he married?

Answer: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Derek Jeter [SEP] Personal life

He had a well-publicized relationship with singer-songwriter Mariah Carey from 1997 to 1998. Jeter has also dated model Vida Guerra, former Miss Universe Lara Dutta, singer Joy Enriquez, television personality Vanessa Minnillo, and the actresses Jordana Brewster, Jessica Biel, and Minka Kelly. Jeter and model Hannah Davis, who had been dating since 2012, became engaged in 2015. In July 2016, the two married. On February 13, 2017, Hannah announced that she was pregnant with a daughter. Their first child was born in August 2017. Their second daughter was born in January 2019.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Question: does he have kids?

Answer: Yes, they have two daughters.

Explanation: On February 13, 2017, Hannah announced that she was pregnant with a daughter. Their first child was born in August 2017. Their second daughter was born in January 2019.

Derek Jeter [SEP] Personal life


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Question: for which team does he play?

Answer: The Yankees.

Derek Jeter [SEP] 1995–1998

Jeter traveled with the team during the 1995 American League Division Series (ALDS), though he was not on the active roster. The Yankees lost to the Seattle Mariners. After Fernández batted a disappointing .245 and appeared in only 108 games due to injuries in 1995, newly hired Yankees manager Joe Torre turned to Jeter for the 1996 season, hoping for a .250 batting average and dependable defense. Yankees owner George Steinbrenner, often skeptical of younger players, was unconvinced. After Clyde King, a close Steinbrenner advisor, observed Jeter for two days in spring training in 1996, he came away with the impression that Jeter was not yet ready to contribute at the major league level.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Question: has he received any awards or honors?

Answer: He has been inducted into the New Jersey hall of Fame and Baseball Hall of fame.

Derek Jeter [SEP] Honors

Kalamazoo Central High School inducted Jeter into its athletic hall of fame in 2003 and renamed its baseball field in his honor in 2011. In 2015, Jeter was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame. The Yankees retired Jeter's uniform number and unveiled a plaque in his honor that was installed at Monument Park in a pregame ceremony on May 14, 2017. On January 21, 2020, Jeter was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame as part of its class of 2020 in his first year of eligibility, only one vote shy of being only the second unanimous selection in Hall of Fame history.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: He has been inducted into the New Jersey hall of Fame and Baseball Hall of fame.

Question: can you name some other players who play the same sport as him?

Answer: Ken Huckaby, Don Mattingly and Josh Beckett.

Derek Jeter [SEP] 2003–2008

On Opening Day of the 2003 season, Jeter dislocated his left shoulder when he collided with Toronto Blue Jays catcher Ken Huckaby at third base. He was placed on the disabled list for six weeks and missed 36 games; he had never played fewer than 148 games in the prior seven full seasons. Jeter returned to bat .324, finishing third in batting average to Bill Mueller, who batted .326. Ramirez finished second. Steinbrenner named Jeter the captain of the Yankees on June 3, 2003, following eight seasons without a captain after Don Mattingly retired in 1995. That postseason, Jeter batted .314 with two home runs, five RBIs, and 10 runs scored across 17 playoff games, including three hits in Game 3 of the 2003 World Series against the Florida Marlins – the only three hits Josh Beckett allowed during the game.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: can you name some other players who play the same sport as him?

Context: Ken Huckaby, Don Mattingly and Josh Beckett.

Question: which team does the first guy play for?

Answer: Toronto Blue Jays.

Explanation: Toronto Blue Jays catcher Ken Huckaby

Derek Jeter [SEP] 2003–2008


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: which team does the first guy play for?

Context: Toronto Blue Jays.

Question: is he a coach?

Answer: Yes, he is a minor league coach.

Ken Huckaby [SEP] Introduction

Kenneth Paul Huckaby (born January 27, 1971) is an American former professional baseball catcher, and minor league coach. Huckaby attended Manteca High School, and played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Toronto Blue Jays, Texas Rangers, Baltimore Orioles, and Boston Red Sox over his 6-year career.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: which team does the first guy play for?

Context: Toronto Blue Jays.

Context: is he a coach?

Context: Yes, he is a minor league coach.

Question: when did the second guy start paying this sport?

Answer: He debuted in 1982.

Don Mattingly [SEP] Introduction

Donald Arthur Mattingly (born April 20, 1961) is an American former professional baseball first baseman, coach, and current manager for the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB). Nicknamed "The Hit Man" and "Donnie Baseball", he spent his entire 14-year career playing with the New York Yankees and later managed the Los Angeles Dodgers for five years. Mattingly graduated from Reitz Memorial High School in Evansville, Indiana, and was selected by the Yankees in the 1979 amateur draft. Debuting with the Yankees in 1982 after four seasons in Minor League Baseball, he emerged as the Yankees' starting first baseman after a successful rookie season in 1983.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: which team does the first guy play for?

Context: Toronto Blue Jays.

Context: is he a coach?

Context: Yes, he is a minor league coach.

Context: when did the second guy start paying this sport?

Context: He debuted in 1982.

Question: is he into any other business apart from sports?

Answer: He was the owner of a restaurant .

Don Mattingly [SEP] Business ventures

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Don Mattingly was the owner of a restaurant in Evansville, Indiana, called "Mattingly's 23", after the uniform number he wore for most of his career. In 2005, Mattingly launched Mattingly Sports, a baseball and softball equipment company, based primarily around the patented V-Grip baseball and softball bats. Mattingly is the founder of Mattingly Charities, a non-profit organization that serves underprivileged youth by supporting programs which promote baseball and softball participation in conjunction with other developmentally related activities.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: which team does the first guy play for?

Context: Toronto Blue Jays.

Context: is he a coach?

Context: Yes, he is a minor league coach.

Context: He debuted in 1982.

Context: is he into any other business apart from sports?

Context: He was the owner of a restaurant .

Question: which teams has he played for?

Answer: The Yankees.

Don Mattingly [SEP] Major League Baseball (1982–1995)

He hit his first home run on June 24 against John Tudor of the Red Sox. Mattingly became the Yankees' full-time first baseman in 1984. With a batting average of .339, he was selected as a reserve for the 1984 All-Star Game. Heading into the final game of the season, Mattingly and teammate Dave Winfield were competing for the American League batting title, with Mattingly trailing Winfield by .002. On the final day of the season. Mattingly went 4-for-5, while Winfield batted 1-for-4. Mattingly won the batting title with a .343 average, while Winfield finished second with a .340 average.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: which team does the first guy play for?

Context: Toronto Blue Jays.

Context: is he a coach?

Context: Yes, he is a minor league coach.

Context: He debuted in 1982.

Context: He was the owner of a restaurant .

Context: which teams has he played for?

Context: The Yankees.

Question: can you describe the pitching style of the third guy?

Answer: His five regular pitches were-a four-seam fastball, a two-seam fastball, a cutter, a curveball, and a changeup.

Josh Beckett [SEP] Pitching style

Beckett threw five pitches regularly: a four-seam fastball (), a two-seam fastball (), a cutter (), a curveball (), and a changeup (). Beckett used all five of his pitches against left-handed hitters but dropped the changeup against righties. He preferred to use his curveball when ahead in the count, bolstered by its 34% whiff rate. Beckett also began to experiment with a slider and splitter in 2012.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: which team does the first guy play for?

Context: Toronto Blue Jays.

Context: is he a coach?

Context: Yes, he is a minor league coach.

Context: He debuted in 1982.

Context: He was the owner of a restaurant .

Context: which teams has he played for?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: can you describe the pitching style of the third guy?

Context: His five regular pitches were-a four-seam fastball, a two-seam fastball, a cutter, a curveball, and a changeup.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: In America.

Explanation:
Joshua Patrick Beckett (born May 15, 1980) is an American former professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB). A three-time MLB All-Star, he played for the Florida Marlins, Boston Red Sox, and the Los Angeles Dodgers.

After a stellar high school career, where he was regarded as one of the top prospects in the country

Josh Beckett [SEP] Introduction

He was traded from the Marlins to the Red Sox in 2006 and from the Red Sox to the Dodgers in 2012, both as part of multi-player transactions. Beckett recovered from a serious injury that caused him to miss most of the 2013 season and pitched a no-hitter against the Philadelphia Phillies on May 25, 2014 for the Dodgers, becoming the 19th man to do so in Dodgers history. However, his season was again cut short due to an injury and he announced his retirement on October 7, 2014.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: which team does the first guy play for?

Context: Toronto Blue Jays.

Context: is he a coach?

Context: Yes, he is a minor league coach.

Context: He debuted in 1982.

Context: He was the owner of a restaurant .

Context: which teams has he played for?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: where was he born?

Context: In America.

Question: is he married?

Answer: Yes, to Holly Fisher.

Josh Beckett [SEP] Personal life

In a postgame interview with Beckett, when asked if he was affected by Peck's presence, Beckett replied, "I don't get paid to make those decisions. She's a friend of mine. It doesn't bother me at all. Thanks for flyin' one of my friends to the game so she could watch it for free." On January 22, 2011, he married Holly Fisher, an aeronautics engineer and former high school classmate. Josh and Holly have three daughters, Ryann, Sage, and Madison. Beckett is an avid deer hunter and has been since childhood. He was the 2002 winner of the Muy Grande Deer Contest for bringing down the largest buck during the Texas deer hunting season.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: which team does the first guy play for?

Context: Toronto Blue Jays.

Context: is he a coach?

Context: Yes, he is a minor league coach.

Context: He debuted in 1982.

Context: He was the owner of a restaurant .

Context: which teams has he played for?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: where was he born?

Context: In America.

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Holly Fisher.

Question: which other team has he played for?

Answer: For the Florida Marlins, Boston Red Sox, and the Los Angeles Dodgers.

Josh Beckett [SEP] Introduction

Joshua Patrick Beckett (born May 15, 1980) is an American former professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB). A three-time MLB All-Star, he played for the Florida Marlins, Boston Red Sox, and the Los Angeles Dodgers. After a stellar high school career, where he was regarded as one of the top prospects in the country, he was drafted by the Marlins with the second pick in the 1999 MLB draft. He won the 2003 World Series with the Marlins and the 2007 World Series with the Red Sox, and received the 2007 American League Championship Most Valuable Player (MVP) award and the 2003 World Series MVP award.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: which team does the first guy play for?

Context: Toronto Blue Jays.

Context: is he a coach?

Context: Yes, he is a minor league coach.

Context: He debuted in 1982.

Context: He was the owner of a restaurant .

Context: which teams has he played for?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: where was he born?

Context: In America.

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Holly Fisher.

Context: which other team has he played for?

Context: For the Florida Marlins, Boston Red Sox, and the Los Angeles Dodgers.

Question: can you name any manager for the last team you just mentioned?

Answer: Dave Roberts and Don Mattingly.

Los Angeles Dodgers [SEP] Managers

Since 1884, the Dodgers have used a total of 31 Managers, the most current being Dave Roberts, who was appointed following the 2015 postseason, after the departure of Don Mattingly. Over the nearly 43 years from 1954 to mid-1996, the Dodgers employed only two managers, Walter Alston and Tommy Lasorda, both of whom are in the Hall of Fame. During this entire time period of extraordinary stability, the Dodgers were family owned by Walter O'Malley and then his son Peter O'Malley. It was during this era that the Dodgers won 11 of their 24 pennants, and all six of their World Series championships.


Context: who is derek jeter?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 26 June ,1974.

Context: where?

Context: Pequannock Township, New Jersey.

Context: do you know his parent's names?

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Hannah Davis.

Context: does he have kids?

Context: Yes, they have two daughters.

Context: for which team does he play?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: has he received any awards or honors?

Context: which team does the first guy play for?

Context: Toronto Blue Jays.

Context: is he a coach?

Context: Yes, he is a minor league coach.

Context: He debuted in 1982.

Context: He was the owner of a restaurant .

Context: which teams has he played for?

Context: The Yankees.

Context: where was he born?

Context: In America.

Context: is he married?

Context: Yes, to Holly Fisher.

Context: which other team has he played for?

Context: can you name any manager for the last team you just mentioned?

Context: Dave Roberts and Don Mattingly.

Question: does the team have a nickname?

Answer: It was initially called Brooklyn Robins, later it was nicknamed as Dodgers.

Los Angeles Dodgers [SEP] History

In the early 20th century, the team, then sometimes called the Brooklyn Robins after manager Wilbert Robinson, won league pennants in 1916 and 1920, losing the World Series both times, first to Boston and then Cleveland. In the 1930s, the team officially adopted the Dodgers nickname, which had been in use since the 1890s, named after the Brooklyn pedestrians who dodged the streetcars in the city. In 1941, the Dodgers captured their third National League pennant, only to lose to the New York Yankees. This marked the onset of the Dodgers–Yankees rivalry, as the Dodgers would face them in their next six World Series appearances.


Question: what is hepatorenal syndrome?

Answer: A life-threatening medical condition that consists of rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure.

Hepatorenal syndrome [SEP] Introduction

Hepatorenal syndrome (often abbreviated HRS) is a life-threatening medical condition that consists of rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure. HRS is usually fatal unless a liver transplant is performed, although various treatments, such as dialysis, can prevent advancement of the condition. HRS can affect individuals with cirrhosis, severe alcoholic hepatitis, or liver failure, and usually occurs when liver function deteriorates rapidly because of a sudden insult such as an infection, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, or overuse of diuretic medications. HRS is a relatively common complication of cirrhosis, occurring in 18% of people within one year of their diagnosis, and in 39% within five years of their diagnosis.


Context: what is hepatorenal syndrome?

Context: A life-threatening medical condition that consists of rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure.

Question: how many types is it classified into?

Answer: Two types -Type 1 HRS and Type 2 HRS

Hepatorenal syndrome [SEP] Introduction

Deteriorating liver function is believed to cause changes in the circulation that supplies the intestines, altering blood flow and blood vessel tone in the kidneys. The kidney failure of HRS is a consequence of these changes in blood flow, rather than direct damage to the kidney. The diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome is based on laboratory tests of individuals susceptible to the condition. Two forms of hepatorenal syndrome have been defined: Type 1 HRS entails a rapidly progressive decline in kidney function, while type 2 HRS is associated with ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen) that does not improve with standard diuretic medications.


Context: what is hepatorenal syndrome?

Context: how many types is it classified into?

Context: Two types -Type 1 HRS and Type 2 HRS

Question: what syndrome does type 1 include?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hepatorenal syndrome [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is hepatorenal syndrome?

Context: how many types is it classified into?

Context: Two types -Type 1 HRS and Type 2 HRS

Context: what syndrome does type 1 include?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how can one identify this syndrome?

Answer: Altered liver function, abnormalities in circulation, and kidney failure.

Hepatorenal syndrome [SEP] Signs and symptoms

Both types of hepatorenal syndrome share three major components: altered liver function, abnormalities in circulation, and kidney failure. As these phenomena may not necessarily produce symptoms until late in their course, individuals with hepatorenal syndrome are typically diagnosed with the condition on the basis of altered laboratory tests. Most people who develop HRS have cirrhosis, and may have signs and symptoms of the same, which can include jaundice, altered mental status, evidence of decreased nutrition, and the presence of ascites. Specifically, the production of ascites that is resistant to the use of diuretic medications is characteristic of type 2 HRS.


Context: what is hepatorenal syndrome?

Context: how many types is it classified into?

Context: Two types -Type 1 HRS and Type 2 HRS

Context: what syndrome does type 1 include?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can one identify this syndrome?

Context: Altered liver function, abnormalities in circulation, and kidney failure.

Question: how is the first part useful to the body?

Answer: Detoxifies various metabolites; synthesizes proteins; produces biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth; regulation of glycogen storage ; decomposition of red blood cells; production of hormones.

Liver [SEP] Introduction

The liver is an organ only found in vertebrates which detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. Its other roles in metabolism include the regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, and the production of hormones. The liver is an accessory digestive organ that produces bile, an alkaline fluid containing cholesterol and bile acids, which helps the breakdown of fat. The gallbladder, a small pouch that sits just under the liver, stores bile produced by the liver which is afterwards moved to the small intestine to complete digestion.


Context: what is hepatorenal syndrome?

Context: how many types is it classified into?

Context: Two types -Type 1 HRS and Type 2 HRS

Context: what syndrome does type 1 include?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can one identify this syndrome?

Context: how is the first part useful to the body?

Context: Detoxifies various metabolites; synthesizes proteins; produces biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth; regulation of glycogen storage ; decomposition of red blood cells; production of hormones.

Question: does it store blood?

Answer: Yes - about 450 milliliters in the hepatic veins and hepatic sinuses

Liver [SEP] Blood reservoir

Because the liver is an expandable organ, large quantities of blood can be stored in its blood vessels. Its normal blood volume, including both that in the hepatic veins and that in the hepatic sinuses, is about 450 milliliters, or almost 10 percent of the body's total blood volume. When high pressure in the right atrium causes backpressure in the liver, the liver expands, and 0.5 to 1 liter of extra blood is occasionally stored in the hepatic veins and sinuses. This occurs especially in cardiac failure with peripheral congestion. Thus, in effect, the liver is a large, expandable, venous organ capable of acting as a valuable blood reservoir in times of excess blood volume and capable of supplying extra blood in times of diminished blood volume.


Context: what is hepatorenal syndrome?

Context: how many types is it classified into?

Context: Two types -Type 1 HRS and Type 2 HRS

Context: what syndrome does type 1 include?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can one identify this syndrome?

Context: does it store blood?

Context: Yes - about 450 milliliters in the hepatic veins and hepatic sinuses

Question: what is the main cause of the failure of the third part?

Answer: Diabetes mellitus;long-term, uncontrolled hypertension; Polycystic kidney;  Overuse of common drugs such as ibuprofen, and paracetamol; hantavirus

Explanation:
Chronic kidney failure has numerous causes. The most common causes of chronic failure are diabetes mellitus and long-term, uncontrolled hypertension. Polycystic kidney disease is another well-known cause of chronic failure. The majority of people afflicted with polycystic kidney disease have a family history of the disease. Other genetic illnesses cause kidney failure, as well.

Overuse of common drugs such as ibuprofen, and acetaminophen (paracetamol) can also cause chronic kidney failure.

Some infectious disease agents, such as hantavirus, can attack the kidneys, causing kidney failure.

Kidney failure [SEP] Chronic kidney failure


Context: what is hepatorenal syndrome?

Context: how many types is it classified into?

Context: Two types -Type 1 HRS and Type 2 HRS

Context: what syndrome does type 1 include?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can one identify this syndrome?

Context: does it store blood?

Context: what is the main cause of the failure of the third part?

Context: Diabetes mellitus;long-term, uncontrolled hypertension; Polycystic kidney;  Overuse of common drugs such as ibuprofen, and paracetamol; hantavirus

Question: and what causes the syndrome?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: what is hepatorenal syndrome?

Context: how many types is it classified into?

Context: Two types -Type 1 HRS and Type 2 HRS

Context: what syndrome does type 1 include?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can one identify this syndrome?

Context: does it store blood?

Context: and what causes the syndrome?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: has there been any way to diagnose the syndrome?

Answer: Yes - liver disease with portal hypertension; kidney failure; the absence of shock, infection, recent treatment with medications that affect the function of the kidney, fluid losses; absence of proteinuria

Explanation:
The major criteria include liver disease with portal hypertension; kidney failure; the absence of shock, infection, recent treatment with medications that affect the function of the kidney (nephrotoxins), and fluid losses; the absence of sustained improvement in kidney function despite treatment with 1.5 litres of intravenous normal saline; the absence of proteinuria (protein in the urine); and, the absence of kidney disease or obstruction of kidney outflow as seen on ultrasound.

The minor criteria are the following: a low urine volume (less than per day), low sodium concentration in the urine, a urine osmolality that is greater than that in the blood, the absence of red blood cells in the urine, and a serum sodium concentration of less than 130 mmol/L.

Hepatorenal syndrome [SEP] Diagnosis

There can be many causes of kidney failure in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure. Consequently, it is a challenge to distinguish hepatorenal syndrome from other entities that cause kidney failure in the setting of advanced liver disease. As a result, additional major and minor criteria have been developed to assist in the diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome. The major criteria include liver disease with portal hypertension; kidney failure; the absence of shock, infection, recent treatment with medications that affect the function of the kidney (nephrotoxins), and fluid losses; the absence of sustained improvement in kidney function despite treatment with 1.5 litres of intravenous normal saline; the absence of proteinuria (protein in the urine); and, the absence of kidney disease or obstruction of kidney outflow as seen on ultrasound.


Context: what is hepatorenal syndrome?

Context: how many types is it classified into?

Context: Two types -Type 1 HRS and Type 2 HRS

Context: what syndrome does type 1 include?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how can one identify this syndrome?

Context: does it store blood?

Context: and what causes the syndrome?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has there been any way to diagnose the syndrome?

Context: Yes - liver disease with portal hypertension; kidney failure; the absence of shock, infection, recent treatment with medications that affect the function of the kidney, fluid losses; absence of proteinuria

Question: is there any way one can prevent this syndrome from occurring?

Answer: Early identification and treatment of cirrhotics; aggressive use of diuretic medications should be avoided

Explanation: specific care is made in early identification and treatment of cirrhotics with these complications to prevent HRS. Some of the triggers for HRS are induced by treatment of ascites and can be preventable. The aggressive use of diuretic medications should be avoided. In addition, many medications that are either used to treat cirrhotic complications (such as some antibiotics) or other conditions may cause sufficient impairment in kidney function in the cirrhotic to lead to HRS. Also, large volume paracentesis—which is the removal of ascites fluid from the abdomen using a needle or catheter in order to relieve discomfort—may cause enough alteration in hemodynamics to precipitate HRS, and should be avoided in individuals at risk. The concomitant infusion of albumin can avert the circulatory dysfunction that occurs after large-volume paracentesis and may prevent HRS. Conversely, in individuals with very tense ascites, it has been hypothesized that removal of ascitic fluid may improve kidne

Hepatorenal syndrome [SEP] Prevention

The risk of death in hepatorenal syndrome is very high; consequently, there is a significant emphasis on the identification of patients who are at risk for HRS, and prevention of triggers for onset of HRS. As infection (specifically spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) and gastrointestinal hemorrhage are both complications in individuals with cirrhosis, and are common triggers for HRS, specific care is made in early identification and treatment of cirrhotics with these complications to prevent HRS. Some of the triggers for HRS are induced by treatment of ascites and can be preventable. The aggressive use of diuretic medications should be avoided. In addition, many medications that are either used to treat cirrhotic complications (such as some antibiotics) or other conditions may cause sufficient impairment in kidney function in the cirrhotic to lead to HRS.