Context: what part of atlanta has the most crime

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this city located?

Context: In the U.S. state of Georgia.

Context: what is its population?

Context: what is the second named festival?

Context: when does it take place?

Context: Labor Day weekend

Context: when was it founded?

Question: who are its founders?

Answer: John Bunnell, David Cody, Robert Dennis, Mike Helba, Pat Henry, and Ed Kramer.

Explanation: Dragon Con was launched in 1987, as a project of a local science fiction and gaming group, the Dragon Alliance of Gamers and Role-Players (DAGR). It was founded by a board of directors including John Bunnell, David Cody, Robert Dennis, Mike Helba, Pat Henry, and Ed Kramer.

Dragon Con [SEP] History

The 1988 convention included guests Alan Dean Foster, Fred Saberhagen, Margaret Weis, Tracy Hickman, Gary Gygax, and Larry Elmore. The convention grew rapidly. In 1989, it drew 2,400 fans (many to see Guest of Honor Anne McCaffrey), and the event had moved to the Omni Hotel and Convention Center. In 1990, the convention had doubled again, added a Comics Expo, hosted the Origins convention, this time with Guest of Honor Tom Clancy, and expanded to include the Atlanta Sheraton hotel. In 1991 the first "Robot Battles" robotic competition event was added to the list of Dragon*Con events, making it the second oldest robotic competition event in the world.


Context: what part of atlanta has the most crime

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this city located?

Context: In the U.S. state of Georgia.

Context: what is its population?

Context: which festivals do they celebrate there?

Context: Shaky Knees Music Festival, Dragon Con, the Peachtree Road Race

Context: what is the second named festival?

Context: A North American multigenre convention. It  runs thousands of hours of programming for fans of science fiction, fantasy, comic books, and other elements of fan culture.

Context: when does it take place?

Context: Labor Day weekend

Context: when was it founded?

Context: who are its founders?

Context: John Bunnell, David Cody, Robert Dennis, Mike Helba, Pat Henry, and Ed Kramer.

Question: do they organize gaming tournaments?

Answer: Yes -  board games, miniature games, collectible card games, console games, live action and other role-playing games, and tables hosted by gaming companies

Explanation: Dragon Con hosts a variety of gaming sessions and tournaments. Opportunities include board games, miniature games, collectible card games, console games, live action and other role-playing games, and tables hosted by gaming companies, as well as panel sessions.

Dragon Con [SEP] Gaming


Context: what part of atlanta has the most crime

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this city located?

Context: In the U.S. state of Georgia.

Context: what is its population?

Context: what is the second named festival?

Context: when does it take place?

Context: Labor Day weekend

Context: when was it founded?

Context: who are its founders?

Context: do they organize gaming tournaments?

Context: Yes -  board games, miniature games, collectible card games, console games, live action and other role-playing games, and tables hosted by gaming companies

Question: how does it affect the economy?

Answer: It has a direct economic impact. Dragon Con brought in over $21 million and routinely raises funds for designated charities.

Explanation:
In 2015, Dragon Con attracted some 70,000+ attendees and had a direct economic impact of $65 million, as reported by the Atlanta Convention & Visitors Bureau in the "Atlanta Business Chronicle". According to statistics provided by Georgia State University, Robinson College of Business, Dragon Con brought in over $21 million.

Dragon Con routinely raises funds for designated charities. In 2005, Dragon*Con raised US$20,000 for the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Charity efforts continued with US$104,000 sent to the Atlanta Center for Self Sufficiency in 2016, including a US$50,000 corporate match. In 2013, fans voted in advance to determine the charities. From 2005 through 2012, the con raised and donated almost $224,000.

Dragon Con [SEP] Economic impact


Context: what part of atlanta has the most crime

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is this city located?

Context: In the U.S. state of Georgia.

Context: what is its population?

Context: what is the second named festival?

Context: when does it take place?

Context: Labor Day weekend

Context: when was it founded?

Context: who are its founders?

Context: do they organize gaming tournaments?

Context: how does it affect the economy?

Context: It has a direct economic impact. Dragon Con brought in over $21 million and routinely raises funds for designated charities.

Question: what controversy has it been involved in?

Answer: In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers were dressed as the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks. It speculated they were cosplaying as the game "Rampage".Convention organizers dispatched security escort them from the property for violating convention policies

Explanation:
In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers, claiming an association with Adult Swim and Cartoon Network and wearing "Make FishCenter Great Again" (a parody on "Make America Great Again") hats, dressed as the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks. Images of the cosplay were widely shared on social media sites as Facebook, Reddit, and Twitter. "Bleeding Cool"s Rich Johnston speculated they were cosplaying as the game "Rampage", while Facebook commenters drew a connection with the anime "Terror in Tokyo".
Convention organizers dispatched security to pull their badges and escort them from the property for violating convention policies, but the two had left the area shortly after the photographs were taken.

Dragon Con [SEP] Controversy


Question: what is referred as symphony no. 8 (mahler)?

Answer: The Symphony No. 8 in E-flat, is one of the largest-scale choral works in the classical concert repertoire.

Symphony No. 8 (Mahler) [SEP] Introduction

The Symphony No. 8 in E-flat major by Gustav Mahler is one of the largest-scale choral works in the classical concert repertoire. Because it requires huge instrumental and vocal forces it is frequently called the "Symphony of a Thousand", although the work is normally presented with far fewer than a thousand performers and the composer did not sanction that name. The work was composed in a single inspired burst at his Maiernigg villa in southern Austria in the summer of 1906. The last of Mahler's works that was premiered in his lifetime, the symphony was a critical and popular success when he conducted the Munich Philharmonic in its first performance, in Munich, on 12 September 1910.


Context: what is referred as symphony no. 8 (mahler)?

Context: The Symphony No. 8 in E-flat, is one of the largest-scale choral works in the classical concert repertoire.

Question: who is its composer?

Answer: Gustav Mahler.

Explanation: The Symphony No. 8 in E-flat major by Gustav Mahler is one of the largest-scale choral works in the classical concert repertoire


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Question: when?

Answer: In the summer of 1906.

Explanation: The work was composed in a single inspired burst at his Maiernigg villa in southern Austria in the summer of 1906.


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Question: where was it premiered?

Answer: Munich.

Symphony No. 8 (Mahler) [SEP] Premiere

Mahler made arrangements with the impresario Emil Gutmann for the symphony to be premiered in Munich in the autumn of 1910. He soon regretted this involvement, writing of his fears that Gutmann would turn the performance into "a catastrophic Barnum and Bailey show". Preparations began early in the year, with the selection of choirs from the choral societies of Munich, Leipzig and Vienna. The Munich "Zentral-Singschule" provided 350 students for the children's choir. Meanwhile, Bruno Walter, Mahler's assistant at the Vienna Hofoper, was responsible for the recruitment and preparation of the eight soloists. Through the spring and summer these forces prepared in their home towns, before assembling in Munich early in September for three full days of final rehearsals under Mahler.


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Question: and then performed?

Answer: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Explanation: These included the Dutch premiere, in Amsterdam under Willem Mengelberg on 12 March 1912, and the first Prague performance, given on 20 March 1912 under Mahler's former Vienna Hofoper colleague, Alexander von Zemlinsky. Vienna itself had to wait until 1918 before the symphony was heard there.

Symphony No. 8 (Mahler) [SEP] Subsequent performances

Deryck Cooke, on the other hand, compares Mahler's Eighth to Beethoven's Choral (Ninth) Symphony. To Cooke, Mahler's is "the Choral Symphony of the twentieth century: like Beethoven's, but in a different way, it sets before us an ideal [of redemption] which we are as yet far from realising—even perhaps moving away from—but which we can hardly abandon without perishing".


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Context: and then performed?

Context: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Question: where was the composer first appointed?

Answer: In a small wooden theatre in the spa town of Bad Hall, south of Linz.

Gustav Mahler [SEP] First appointments

From June to August 1880, Mahler took his first professional conducting job, in a small wooden theatre in the spa town of Bad Hall, south of Linz. The repertory was exclusively operetta; it was, in Carr's words "a dismal little job," which Mahler accepted only after Julius Epstein told him he would soon work his way up. In 1881, he was engaged for six months (September to April) at the Landestheater in Laibach (now Ljubljana, in Slovenia), where the small but resourceful company was prepared to attempt more ambitious works. Here, Mahler conducted his first full-scale opera, Verdi's "Il trovatore", one of 10 operas and a number of operettas that he presented during his time in Laibach.


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Context: and then performed?

Context: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Context: where was the composer first appointed?

Context: In a small wooden theatre in the spa town of Bad Hall, south of Linz.

Question: what was his work there?

Answer: Professional music conductor.

Gustav Mahler [SEP] First appointments


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Context: and then performed?

Context: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Context: where was the composer first appointed?

Context: what was his work there?

Context: Professional music conductor.

Question: did he face any tragedy in his life?

Answer: Loss of his daughter.

Gustav Mahler [SEP] Marriage, family, tragedy

things closest to one's heart." Mahler's requirement that their married life be organized around his creative activities imposed strains, and precipitated rebellion on Alma's part; the marriage was nevertheless marked at times by expressions of considerable passion, particularly from Mahler. In the summer of 1907 Mahler, exhausted from the effects of the campaign against him in Vienna, took his family to Maiernigg. Soon after their arrival both daughters fell ill with scarlet fever and diphtheria. Anna recovered, but after a fortnight's struggle Maria died on 12 July. Immediately following this devastating loss, Mahler learned that his heart was defective, a diagnosis subsequently confirmed by a Vienna specialist, who ordered a curtailment of all forms of vigorous exercise.


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Context: and then performed?

Context: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Context: where was the composer first appointed?

Context: what was his work there?

Context: Professional music conductor.

Context: did he face any tragedy in his life?

Context: Loss of his daughter.

Question: what happened to her?

Answer: She fell ill with scarlet fever and diphtheria.

Explanation: . Soon after their arrival both daughters fell ill with scarlet fever and diphtheria.


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Context: and then performed?

Context: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Context: where was the composer first appointed?

Context: what was his work there?

Context: Professional music conductor.

Context: did he face any tragedy in his life?

Context: Loss of his daughter.

Context: what happened to her?

Context: She fell ill with scarlet fever and diphtheria.

Question: what was his genre?

Answer: A close and complex interrelationship between song and symphony.

Gustav Mahler [SEP] Genre

Except for his juvenilia, little of which has survived, Mahler composed only in the media of song and symphony, with a close and complex interrelationship between the two. Donald Mitchell writes that this interaction is the backcloth against which all Mahler's music can be considered. The initial connection between song and symphony occurs with the song-cycle "Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen" and the First Symphony. Although this early evidence of cross-fertilisation is important, it is during Mahler's extended "Wunderhorn" phase, in which his Second, Third and Fourth Symphonies were written, that the song and symphony genres are consistently intermingled. Themes from the "Wunderhorn" song "Das himmlische Leben" ("The Heavenly Life"), composed in 1892, became a key element in the Third Symphony completed in 1896; the song itself forms the finale to the Fourth (1900) and its melody is central to the whole composition.


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Context: and then performed?

Context: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Context: where was the composer first appointed?

Context: what was his work there?

Context: Professional music conductor.

Context: did he face any tragedy in his life?

Context: Loss of his daughter.

Context: what happened to her?

Context: what was his genre?

Context: A close and complex interrelationship between song and symphony.

Question: which creative period is associated with him?

Answer: Three creative periods:- first period, middle period and late period.

Gustav Mahler [SEP] Three creative periods

Deryck Cooke and other analysts have divided Mahler's composing life into three distinct phases: a long "first period," extending from "Das klagende Lied" in 1880 to the end of the "Wunderhorn" phase in 1901; a "middle period" of more concentrated composition ending with Mahler's departure for New York in 1907; and a brief "late period" of elegiac works before his death in 1911. The main works of the first period are the first four symphonies, the "Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen" song cycle and various song collections in which the "Wunderhorn" songs predominate. In this period songs and symphonies are closely related and the symphonic works are programmatic.


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Context: and then performed?

Context: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Context: where was the composer first appointed?

Context: what was his work there?

Context: Professional music conductor.

Context: did he face any tragedy in his life?

Context: Loss of his daughter.

Context: what happened to her?

Context: what was his genre?

Context: which creative period is associated with him?

Context: Three creative periods:- first period, middle period and late period.

Question: how is he remembered till now?

Answer: The International Gustav Mahler Institute was established in 1955 to honour the composer's life and achievements.

Gustav Mahler [SEP] Introduction

These works were frequently controversial when first performed, and several were slow to receive critical and popular approval; exceptions included his Second Symphony, Third Symphony, and the triumphant premiere of his Eighth Symphony in 1910. Some of Mahler's immediate musical successors included the composers of the Second Viennese School, notably Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg and Anton Webern. Dmitri Shostakovich and Benjamin Britten are among later 20th-century composers who admired and were influenced by Mahler. The International Gustav Mahler Institute was established in 1955 to honour the composer's life and achievements.


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Context: and then performed?

Context: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Context: where was the composer first appointed?

Context: what was his work there?

Context: Professional music conductor.

Context: did he face any tragedy in his life?

Context: Loss of his daughter.

Context: what happened to her?

Context: what was his genre?

Context: how is he remembered till now?

Context: The International Gustav Mahler Institute was established in 1955 to honour the composer's life and achievements.

Question: can you give one cause of the former disease?

Answer: Close contact among people, via respiratory droplets.

Scarlet fever [SEP] Cause

Strep throat spreads by close contact among people, via respiratory droplets (for example, saliva or nasal discharge). A person in close contact with another person infected with group A streptococcal pharyngitis has a 35% chance of becoming infected. One in ten children who are infected with group A streptococcal pharyngitis will develop scarlet fever.


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Context: and then performed?

Context: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Context: where was the composer first appointed?

Context: what was his work there?

Context: Professional music conductor.

Context: did he face any tragedy in his life?

Context: Loss of his daughter.

Context: what happened to her?

Context: what was his genre?

Context: how is he remembered till now?

Context: can you give one cause of the former disease?

Context: Close contact among people, via respiratory droplets.

Question: any specific symptom?

Answer: Strawberry tongue.

Scarlet fever [SEP] Signs and symptoms

Rash which has a characteristic appearance, spreading pattern, and desquamating process e.g. "Strawberry tongue":


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Context: and then performed?

Context: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Context: where was the composer first appointed?

Context: what was his work there?

Context: Professional music conductor.

Context: did he face any tragedy in his life?

Context: Loss of his daughter.

Context: what happened to her?

Context: what was his genre?

Context: how is he remembered till now?

Context: any specific symptom?

Context: Strawberry tongue.

Question: how is it treated?

Answer: Antibiotics.

Scarlet fever [SEP] Treatment

Antibiotics to combat the streptococcal infection are the mainstay of treatment for scarlet fever. Prompt administration of appropriate antibiotics decreases the length of illness. Peeling of the outer layer of skin, however, will happen despite treatment. One of the main goals of treatment is to prevent the child from developing one of the suppurative or nonsuppurative complications, especially acute rheumatic fever. As long as antibiotics are started within nine days, it is very unlikely for the child to develop acute rheumatic fever. Antibiotic therapy has not been shown to prevent the development of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Another important reason for prompt treatment with antibiotics is the ability to prevent transmission of the infection between children.


Context: who is its composer?

Context: Gustav Mahler.

Context: when?

Context: In the summer of 1906.

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Munich.

Context: and then performed?

Context: Amsterdam, Prague and Vienna.

Context: where was the composer first appointed?

Context: what was his work there?

Context: Professional music conductor.

Context: did he face any tragedy in his life?

Context: Loss of his daughter.

Context: what happened to her?

Context: what was his genre?

Context: how is he remembered till now?

Context: any specific symptom?

Context: Strawberry tongue.

Context: how is it treated?

Context: Antibiotics.

Question: you mentioned about a hall, what is its geographical location?

Answer: The Steyr-Land district in the central Austrian state of Upper Austria.

Bad Hall [SEP] Introduction

Bad Hall () is a market town in the Steyr-Land district in central the Austrian state of Upper Austria. Its name, Bad Hall, means "salt bath," a reference to its long history of baths and spas. It is renowned for its saline springs, strongly impregnated with iodine and bromine. Although the springs have been known since the 8th century, Hall has been noted for them only since 1855, when the springs became the property of the government. Due to the saline springs tourism is well developed in Bad Hall. There are also some industrial companies (e.g. AGRU Kunststofftechnik) as well as oil exploration around Bad Hall (e.g.


Question: who said english is our major window on the modern world

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

English language [SEP] Introduction

English is a West Germanic language first spoken in early medieval England which eventually became the leading language of international discourse in today's world. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the area of Great Britain that later took their name, England. Both names derive from Anglia, a peninsula on the Baltic Sea. English is most closely related to Frisian and Low Saxon, while its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages, particularly Old Norse (a North Germanic language), as well as Latin and French. English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years.


Context: who said english is our major window on the modern world

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how is this language classified?

Answer: It is an Indo-European language and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages.

English language [SEP] Classification

English is an Indo-European language and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. Old English originated from a Germanic tribal and linguistic continuum along the Frisian North Sea coast, whose languages gradually evolved into the Anglic languages in the British Isles, and into the Frisian languages and Low German/Low Saxon on the continent. The Frisian languages, which together with the Anglic languages form the Anglo-Frisian languages, are the closest living relatives of English. Low German/Low Saxon is also closely related, and sometimes English, the Frisian languages, and Low German are grouped together as the Ingvaeonic (North Sea Germanic) languages, though this grouping remains debated.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this language classified?

Context: It is an Indo-European language and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages.

Question: which are some of the dialects?

Answer: British English (BrE) and North American English (NAE) and Australian and New Zealand English

English language [SEP] Dialects, accents, and varieties

Dialectologists identify many English dialects, which usually refer to regional varieties that differ from each other in terms of patterns of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. The pronunciation of particular areas distinguishes dialects as separate regional accents. The major native dialects of English are often divided by linguists into the two extremely general categories of British English (BrE) and North American English (NAE). There also exists a third common major grouping of English varieties: Southern Hemisphere English, the most prominent being Australian and New Zealand English.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this language classified?

Context: which are some of the dialects?

Context: British English (BrE) and North American English (NAE) and Australian and New Zealand English

Question: what are the notable features of the first dialect?

Answer: It revolve around the pronunciation of the letter R, as well as the dental plosive T and some diphthongs specific to this dialect.

Explanation: Phonological features characteristic of British English revolve around the pronunciation of the letter R, as well as the dental plosive T and some diphthongs specific to this dialect.

British English [SEP] Features


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this language classified?

Context: which are some of the dialects?

Context: what are the notable features of the first dialect?

Context: It revolve around the pronunciation of the letter R, as well as the dental plosive T and some diphthongs specific to this dialect.

Question: does the last dialect has any non english influence?

Answer: Yes, influence of Māori

New Zealand English [SEP] Māori influence

Many local everyday words have been borrowed from the Māori language, including words for local flora, fauna, place names and the natural environment. The dominant influence of Māori on New Zealand English is lexical. A 1999 estimate based on the Wellington corpora of written and spoken New Zealand English put the proportion of words of Māori origin at approximately 0.6%, mostly place and personal names. The everyday use of Māori words, usually colloquial, occurs most prominently among youth, young adults and Māori populations. Examples are "kia ora" ("hello"), "nau mai" ("welcome"), and "kai" ("food").


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this language classified?

Context: which are some of the dialects?

Context: does the last dialect has any non english influence?

Context: Yes, influence of Māori

Question: in what way is this influence seen?

Answer: It is mostly lexical; many local everyday words have been borrowed from it


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this language classified?

Context: which are some of the dialects?

Context: Yes, influence of Māori

Context: in what way is this influence seen?

Context: It is mostly lexical; many local everyday words have been borrowed from it

Question: where did this language which influenced english originate?

Answer: Current anthropological thinking places their origin in eastern Polynesia, mostly likely from the Southern Cook region

Māori language [SEP] History

According to legend, Māori came to New Zealand from Hawaiki. Current anthropological thinking places their origin in eastern Polynesia, mostly likely from the Southern Cook or Society Islands region, and says that they arrived by deliberate voyages in seagoing canoes—possibly double-hulled, and probably sail-rigged. These settlers probably arrived by about AD 1280 (see Māori origins). Their language and its dialects developed in isolation until the 19th century. Since about 1800, the Māori language has had a tumultuous history. It started this period as the predominant language of New Zealand. In the 1860s, it became a minority language in the shadow of the English spoken by many settlers, missionaries, gold-seekers, and traders.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this language classified?

Context: which are some of the dialects?

Context: Yes, influence of Māori

Context: in what way is this influence seen?

Context: where did this language which influenced english originate?

Context: Current anthropological thinking places their origin in eastern Polynesia, mostly likely from the Southern Cook region

Question: does it have any status officially?

Answer: Yes, by the passing of the Māori Language Act 1987

Māori language [SEP] Official status

New Zealand has three official languages: English, Māori, and New Zealand Sign Language. Māori gained this status with the passing of the Māori Language Act 1987. Most government departments and agencies have bilingual names—for example, the Department of Internal Affairs —and places such as local government offices and public libraries display bilingual signs and use bilingual stationery. New Zealand Post recognises Māori place-names in postal addresses. Dealings with government agencies may be conducted in Māori, but in practice, this almost always requires interpreters, restricting its everyday use to the limited geographical areas of high Māori fluency, and to more formal occasions, such as during public consultation.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this language classified?

Context: which are some of the dialects?

Context: Yes, influence of Māori

Context: in what way is this influence seen?

Context: does it have any status officially?

Context: Yes, by the passing of the Māori Language Act 1987

Question: which efforts were made to revive it?

Answer: Businesses adopt the trend as it became apparent that using "te reo" made customers think of a company as "committed to New Zealand" and it became increasingly heard in the media and in politics.

Explanation:
Beginning in about 2015, the Māori language underwent a revival as it became increasingly popular, as a common national heritage, even among New Zealanders without Māori roots. Surveys from 2018 indicated that "the Māori language currently enjoys a high status in Māori society and also positive acceptance by the majority of non-Māori New Zealanders".

As the status and prestige of the language rose, so did the demand for language classes. Businesses were quick to adopt the trend as it became apparent that using "te reo" made customers think of a company as "committed to New Zealand". The language became increasingly heard in the media and in politics.

Māori language [SEP] Revival since 2015


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this language classified?

Context: which are some of the dialects?

Context: Yes, influence of Māori

Context: in what way is this influence seen?

Context: does it have any status officially?

Context: which efforts were made to revive it?

Context: Businesses adopt the trend as it became apparent that using "te reo" made customers think of a company as "committed to New Zealand" and it became increasingly heard in the media and in politics.

Question: are there any other languages in the area where this language originated?

Answer: Polynesian languages

Polynesia [SEP] Languages

Polynesian languages are all members of the family of Oceanic languages, a sub-branch of the Austronesian language family. Polynesian languages show a considerable degree of similarity. The vowels are generally the same—a, e, i, o, and u, pronounced as in Italian, Spanish, and German—and the consonants are always followed by a vowel. The languages of various island groups show changes in consonants. "R" and "v" are used in central and eastern Polynesia whereas "l" and "v" are used in western Polynesia. The glottal stop is increasingly represented by an inverted comma or ‘okina. In the Society Islands, the original Proto-Polynesian *"k" and *"ng" have merged as glottal stop; so the name for the ancestral homeland, deriving from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian "*sawaiki", becomes Havai'i.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this language classified?

Context: which are some of the dialects?

Context: Yes, influence of Māori

Context: in what way is this influence seen?

Context: does it have any status officially?

Context: which efforts were made to revive it?

Context: are there any other languages in the area where this language originated?

Context: Polynesian languages

Question: how is the place linked to the americas?

Answer: The sweet potato, called in Māori, is native to the Americas and was widespread in Polynesia when Europeans first reached the Pacific

Polynesia [SEP] Links to the Americas

The sweet potato, called in Māori and in Quechua, is native to the Americas and was widespread in Polynesia when Europeans first reached the Pacific. Remains of the plant in the Cook Islands have been radiocarbon-dated to 1000, and current thinking is that it was brought to central Polynesia and spread across Polynesia from there, possibly by Polynesians who had traveled to South America and back. New genetic evidence, however, suggest that sweet potatoes may have reached Polynesia via seeds by at least 100,000 years ago, pre-dating human arrival. There are also other possible material and cultural evidence of Pre-Columbian contact by Polynesia with the Americas with varying levels of plausibility.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this language classified?

Context: which are some of the dialects?

Context: Yes, influence of Māori

Context: in what way is this influence seen?

Context: does it have any status officially?

Context: which efforts were made to revive it?

Context: Polynesian languages

Context: how is the place linked to the americas?

Context: The sweet potato, called in Māori, is native to the Americas and was widespread in Polynesia when Europeans first reached the Pacific

Question: what is the source of the name of this potato?

Answer: Some organizations and researchers advocate for the styling of the name as one word—sweetpotato—instead of two, to emphasize the plant's genetic uniqueness from both common potatoes and yams and to avoid confusion of it being classified as a type of common potato.

Sweet potato [SEP] Naming

The Spanish combined this with the Quechua word for potato, "papa", to create the word "patata" for the common potato. Some organizations and researchers advocate for the styling of the name as one word—sweetpotato—instead of two, to emphasize the plant's genetic uniqueness from both common potatoes and yams and to avoid confusion of it being classified as a type of common potato. In its current usage in American English, the styling of the name as two words is still preferred.


Question: who was president when the washington monument was built

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Washington Monument [SEP] Introduction

The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, once commander-in-chief of the Continental Army (1775–1784) in the American Revolutionary War and the first President of the United States (1789–1797). Located almost due east of the Reflecting Pool and the Lincoln Memorial, the monument, made of marble, granite, and bluestone gneiss, is both the world's tallest predominantly stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk, standing tall according to the U.S. National Geodetic Survey (measured 2013–14) or tall according to the National Park Service (measured 1884). It is the tallest monumental column in the world if all are measured above their pedestrian entrances.


Context: who was president when the washington monument was built

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was it built?

Answer: Construction began in 1848.

Washington Monument [SEP] Introduction

Overtaking the Cologne Cathedral, it was the tallest structure in the world between 1884 and 1889, after which it was overtaken by the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Construction of the monument began in 1848 and was halted for a period of 23 years, from 1854 to 1877 due to a lack of funds, a struggle for control over the Washington National Monument Society, and the American Civil War. Although the stone structure was completed in 1884, internal ironwork, the knoll, and installation of memorial stones were not completed until 1888. A difference in shading of the marble, visible approximately or 27% up, shows where construction was halted and later resumed with marble from a different source.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Question: when did it get completed?

Answer: 1888

Explanation: Although the stone structure was completed in 1884, internal ironwork, the knoll, and installation of memorial stones were not completed until 1888.

Washington Monument [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Question: who built it?

Answer: Robert Mills was the architect.

Washington Monument [SEP] Design

Progress toward a memorial finally began in 1833. That year a large group of citizens formed the Washington National Monument Society. Three years later, in 1836, after they had raised $28,000 in donations (), they announced a competition for the design of the memorial. On September 23, 1835, the board of managers of the society described their expectations: The society held a competition for designs in 1836. In 1845, the winner was announced to be architect Robert Mills, supposedly the first native-born American to be professionally trained as an architect. The citizens of Baltimore had chosen him in 1814 to build one of the first monuments to George Washington originally planned for the former courthouse square in their port city, and he had designed a tall elaborately decorated Greek column with balconies, surmounted by a statue of the President.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Question: did he also design it?

Answer: Yes, the society held a competition for designs, and he was the winner.

Explanation: The society held a competition for designs in 1836. In 1845, the winner was announced to be architect Robert Mill

Washington Monument [SEP] Design


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: Yes, the society held a competition for designs, and he was the winner.

Question: who inaugurated it?

Answer: Chester A. Arthur

Explanation: The Monument was dedicated on February 21, 1885. Over 800 people were present on the monument grounds to hear speeches during a frigid day by Ohio Senator John Sherman (1823–1900), the Rev. Henderson Suter, William Wilson Corcoran (of the Washington National Monument Society) read by Dr. James C. Welling because Corcoran was unable to attend, Freemason Myron M. Parker, Col. Thomas Lincoln Casey of the Army Corps of Engineers, and President Chester A. Arthur. President Arthur proclaimed: I do now ... in behalf of the people, receive this monument ... and declare it dedicated from this time forth to the immortal name and memory of George Washington.

Washington Monument [SEP] Dedication


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Question: who was he?

Answer: He was  an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885.

Explanation: Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885

Chester A. Arthur [SEP] Introduction

At the outset, Arthur struggled to overcome a negative reputation as a Stalwart and product of Conkling's organization. To the surprise of reformers, he advocated and enforced the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. He presided over the rebirth of the US Navy, but he was criticized for failing to alleviate the federal budget surplus which had been accumulating since the end of the Civil War. Arthur vetoed the first version of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, arguing that its twenty-year ban on Chinese immigrants to the United States violated the Burlingame Treaty, but he signed a second version, which included a ten-year ban.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Context: who was he?

Context: He was  an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885.

Question: where is the monument located?

Answer: On the National Mall in Washington, D.C.

Explanation: The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C

Washington Monument [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Context: who was he?

Context: where is the monument located?

Context: On the National Mall in Washington, D.C.

Question: which country?

Answer: United States of America

Washington, D.C. [SEP] Introduction

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and also known as D.C. or Washington, is the capital city of the United States of America. Founded after the American Revolution, Washington was named for George Washington, the first president of the United States and a Founding Father. As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations, Washington is an important world political capital. Located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia, the city is one of the most visited cities in the United States, with more than 20 million visitors annually. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River near the country's East Coast.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Context: who was he?

Context: where is the monument located?

Context: which country?

Context: United States of America

Question: who was the monument named after?

Answer: George Washington

Explanation: Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and also known as D.C. or Washington, is the capital city of the United States of America. Founded after the American Revolution, Washington was named for George Washington,

Washington, D.C. [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Context: who was he?

Context: where is the monument located?

Context: which country?

Context: United States of America

Context: who was the monument named after?

Context: George Washington

Question: was he a president?

Answer: Yes, he was the first president of the United States.

George Washington [SEP] Introduction

George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American political leader, military general, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Previously, he led Patriot forces to victory in the nation's War for Independence. He presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the U.S. Constitution and a federal government. Washington has been called the "Father of His Country" for his manifold leadership in the formative days of the new nation. Washington received his initial military training and command with the Virginia Regiment during the French and Indian War.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Context: who was he?

Context: where is the monument located?

Context: which country?

Context: United States of America

Context: who was the monument named after?

Context: George Washington

Context: was he a president?

Context: Yes, he was the first president of the United States.

Question: who financed the construction of the monument?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

George Washington [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Context: who was he?

Context: where is the monument located?

Context: which country?

Context: United States of America

Context: who was the monument named after?

Context: George Washington

Context: was he a president?

Context: who financed the construction of the monument?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: was it damaged by any natural disaster?

Answer: Yes, it  sustained damage during the 5.8 magnitude 2011 Virginia earthquake.

Washington Monument [SEP] 2011 earthquake damage

On August 23, 2011, the Washington Monument sustained damage during the 5.8 magnitude 2011 Virginia earthquake; over 150 cracks were found in the monument. A National Park Service spokesperson reported that inspectors discovered a crack near the top of the structure, and announced that the monument would be closed indefinitely. A block in the pyramidion also was partially dislodged, and pieces of stone, stone chips, mortar, and paint chips came free of the monument and "littered" the interior stairs and observation deck. The Park Service said it was bringing in two structural engineering firms (Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. and Tipping Mar Associates) with extensive experience in historic buildings and earthquake-damaged structures to assess the monument.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Context: who was he?

Context: where is the monument located?

Context: which country?

Context: United States of America

Context: who was the monument named after?

Context: George Washington

Context: was he a president?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was it damaged by any natural disaster?

Context: Yes, it  sustained damage during the 5.8 magnitude 2011 Virginia earthquake.

Question: what material was used to build it?

Answer: Marble, aluminum

Explanation: The building of the monument proceeded quickly after Congress had provided sufficient funding. In four years, it was completed, with the 100-ounce (2.83 kg) aluminum apex/lightning-rod being put in place on December 6, 1884. The apex was the largest single piece of aluminum cast at the time, when aluminum commanded a price comparable to silver. Two years later, the Hall–Héroult process made aluminum easier to produce and the price of aluminum plummeted, though it should have provided a lustrous, non-rusting apex. The monument opened to the public on October 9, 1888.

Washington Monument [SEP] Resumption

Casey found 92 memorial stones ("presented stones") already inlaid into the interior walls of the first phase of construction. Before construction continued he temporarily removed eight stones at the 150-foot level so that the walls at that level could be sloped outward, producing thinner second-phase walls. He inserted those stones and most of the remaining memorial stones stored in the lapidarium into the interior walls during 1885–1889. The bottom third of the monument is a slightly lighter shade than the rest of the construction because the marble was obtained from different quarries. The building of the monument proceeded quickly after Congress had provided sufficient funding.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Context: who was he?

Context: where is the monument located?

Context: which country?

Context: United States of America

Context: who was the monument named after?

Context: George Washington

Context: was he a president?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was it damaged by any natural disaster?

Context: what material was used to build it?

Context: Marble, aluminum

Question: what kind of security protects it?

Answer: Visitor screening facility.

Washington Monument [SEP] Security

On March 6, 2014, the National Capital Planning Commission approved a new visitor screening facility to replace the temporary one. The facility will be two stories high and contain space for screening 20 to 25 visitors at a time. The exterior walls (which will be slightly frosted to prevent viewing of the security screening process) will consist of an outer sheet of bulletproof glass or polycarbonate, a metal mesh insert, and another sheet of bulletproof glass. The inner sheet will consist of two sheets (slightly separated) of laminated glass. A airspace will exist between the inner and outer glass walls to help insulate the facility.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Context: who was he?

Context: where is the monument located?

Context: which country?

Context: United States of America

Context: who was the monument named after?

Context: George Washington

Context: was he a president?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was it damaged by any natural disaster?

Context: what material was used to build it?

Context: Marble, aluminum

Context: what kind of security protects it?

Context: Visitor screening facility.

Question: how tall is the monument?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Washington Monument [SEP] Security

In 2001, a temporary visitor security screening center was added to the east entrance of the Washington Monument in the wake of the September 11 attacks. The one-story facility was designed to reduce the ability of a terrorist attack on the interior of the monument, or an attempt to seize and hold it. Visitors obtained their timed-entry tickets from the Monument Lodge east of the memorial, and passed through metal detectors and bomb-sniffing sensors prior to entering the monument. After exiting the monument, they passed through a turnstile to prevent them from re-entering. This facility, a one-story cube of wood around a metal frame, was intended to be temporary until a new screening facility could be designed.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Context: who was he?

Context: where is the monument located?

Context: which country?

Context: United States of America

Context: who was the monument named after?

Context: George Washington

Context: was he a president?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was it damaged by any natural disaster?

Context: what material was used to build it?

Context: Marble, aluminum

Context: what kind of security protects it?

Context: Visitor screening facility.

Context: how tall is the monument?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how many stair cases does it have?

Answer: Two spiral stairs.

Explanation: So the large landing at the 490-foot level was expanded to a full floor and the original spiral stair in the northeast corner between the 490- and 500-foot levels was replaced by two spiral stairs in the northeast and southeast corners. Now visitors exit the elevator on the observation floor, then walk down either spiral stair before reboarding the elevator for their trip back down.

Washington Monument [SEP] Stairs and elevator

The four supporting the elevator extend from the floor of the elevator pit to above the observation floor and were set at the corners of a square. The weight of the ironwork is . Cast iron, wrought iron, and steel were all used. The two small spiral stairs installed in 1958 are aluminum. Most landings occupy the entire east and west interior walls every 10 feet from and including the east landing at the 30-foot level up to the west landing at the 480-foot level, east then west alternately. Three stairs with small landings rise from the entry lobby floor to the 30-foot level successively along the north, west and south interior walls.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it built?

Context: Construction began in 1848.

Context: when did it get completed?

Context: who built it?

Context: Robert Mills was the architect.

Context: did he also design it?

Context: who inaugurated it?

Context: Chester A. Arthur

Context: who was he?

Context: where is the monument located?

Context: which country?

Context: United States of America

Context: who was the monument named after?

Context: George Washington

Context: was he a president?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was it damaged by any natural disaster?

Context: what material was used to build it?

Context: Marble, aluminum

Context: what kind of security protects it?

Context: Visitor screening facility.

Context: how tall is the monument?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how many stair cases does it have?

Context: Two spiral stairs.

Question: and what about elevators?

Answer: One elevator

The monument is filled with ironwork, consisting of its stairs, elevator columns and associated tie beams, none of which supports the weight of the stonework. It was redesigned in 1958 to reduce congestion and improve the flow of visitors. Originally, visitors entered and exited the west side of the elevator on the observation floor, causing congestion. So the large landing at the 490-foot level was expanded to a full floor and the original spiral stair in the northeast corner between the 490- and 500-foot levels was replaced by two spiral stairs in the northeast and southeast corners. Now visitors exit the elevator on the observation floor, then walk down either spiral stair before reboarding the elevator for their trip back down.


Question: chemical and physical processes include the formation of clouds

Answer: On Earth, clouds are formed as a result of saturation of the air when it is cooled to its dew point, or when it gains sufficient moisture (usually in the form of water vapor) from an adjacent source to raise the dew point to the ambient temperature.

Cloud [SEP] Introduction

In meteorology, a cloud is an aerosol consisting of a visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or other particles suspended in the atmosphere of a planetary body or similar space. Water or various other chemicals may compose the droplets and crystals. On Earth, clouds are formed as a result of saturation of the air when it is cooled to its dew point, or when it gains sufficient moisture (usually in the form of water vapor) from an adjacent source to raise the dew point to the ambient temperature. They are seen in the Earth's homosphere, which includes the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere.


Context: chemical and physical processes include the formation of clouds

Context: On Earth, clouds are formed as a result of saturation of the air when it is cooled to its dew point, or when it gains sufficient moisture (usually in the form of water vapor) from an adjacent source to raise the dew point to the ambient temperature.

Question: how is it classified?

Answer: Stratus, cirrus, stratocumulus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus.

Explanation: It became the basis of a modern international system that divides clouds into five physical "forms" which can be further divided or classified into altitude "levels" to derive ten basic "genera". The main representative cloud types for each of these forms are stratus, cirrus, stratocumulus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus.

Cloud [SEP] Introduction

"Low-level" clouds do not have any altitude-related prefixes. However "mid-level" stratiform and stratocumuliform types are given the prefix "alto-" while "high-level" variants of these same two forms carry the prefix "cirro-". Genus types with sufficient vertical extent to occupy more than one level do not carry any altitude related prefixes. They are classified formally as low- or mid-level depending on the altitude at which each initially forms, and are also more informally characterized as "multi-level" or "vertical". Most of the ten genera derived by this method of classification can be subdivided into "species" and further subdivided into "varieties". Very low stratiform clouds that extend down to the Earth's surface are given the common names "fog" and "mist", but have no Latin names.


Context: how is it classified?

Context: Stratus, cirrus, stratocumulus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus.

Question: where is it formed?

Answer: In the Earth's homosphere

Explanation: They are seen in the Earth's homosphere, w

Cloud [SEP] Introduction


Context: how is it classified?

Context: where is it formed?

Context: In the Earth's homosphere

Question: where did it get it's name from?

Answer: The origin of the term "cloud" can be found in the Old English words "clud" or "clod", meaning a hill or a mass of rock, because of the similarity in appearance between a mass of rock , it got the name.

Explanation: The origin of the term "cloud" can be found in the Old English words "clud" or "clod", meaning a hill or a mass of rock. Around the beginning of the 13th century, the word came to be used as a metaphor for rain clouds, because of the similarity in appearance between a mass of rock and cumulus heap cloud. Over time, the metaphoric usage of the word supplanted the Old English "", which had been the literal term for clouds in general.

Cloud [SEP] Etymology


Context: how is it classified?

Context: where is it formed?

Context: In the Earth's homosphere

Context: where did it get it's name from?

Context: The origin of the term "cloud" can be found in the Old English words "clud" or "clod", meaning a hill or a mass of rock, because of the similarity in appearance between a mass of rock , it got the name.

Question: what is the reason behind it's luminance?

Answer: The luminance or brightness of a cloud is determined by how light is reflected, scattered, and transmitted by the cloud's particles. Its brightness may also be affected by the presence of haze or photometeors such as halos and rainbows.

Cloud [SEP] Luminance, reflectivity, and coloration

The luminance or brightness of a cloud is determined by how light is reflected, scattered, and transmitted by the cloud's particles. Its brightness may also be affected by the presence of haze or photometeors such as halos and rainbows. In the troposphere, dense, deep clouds exhibit a high reflectance (70% to 95%) throughout the visible spectrum. Tiny particles of water are densely packed and sunlight cannot penetrate far into the cloud before it is reflected out, giving a cloud its characteristic white color, especially when viewed from the top. Cloud droplets tend to scatter light efficiently, so that the intensity of the solar radiation decreases with depth into the gases.


Context: how is it classified?

Context: where is it formed?

Context: In the Earth's homosphere

Context: where did it get it's name from?

Context: what is the reason behind it's luminance?

Context: The luminance or brightness of a cloud is determined by how light is reflected, scattered, and transmitted by the cloud's particles. Its brightness may also be affected by the presence of haze or photometeors such as halos and rainbows.

Question: does it have an effect on climate change?

Answer: Yes, it causes rain.

Explanation: . If the droplets become too large and heavy to be kept aloft by the air circulation, they will fall from the cloud as rain.

During daytime when the sun is relatively high in the sky, tropospheric clouds generally appear bright white on top with varying shades of grey underneath. Thin clouds may look white or appear to have acquired the color of their environment or background. Red, orange, and pink clouds occur almost entirely at sunrise/sunset and are the result of the scattering of sunlight by the atmosphere. When the sun is just below the horizon, low-level clouds are gray, middle clouds appear rose-colored, and high clouds are white or off-white. Clouds at night are black or dark grey in a moonless sky, or whitish when illuminated by the moon.


Context: how is it classified?

Context: where is it formed?

Context: In the Earth's homosphere

Context: where did it get it's name from?

Context: does it have an effect on climate change?

Context: Yes, it causes rain.

Question: how?

Answer: Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity from clouds..

Rain [SEP] Introduction

Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides suitable conditions for many types of ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation. The major cause of rain production is moisture moving along three-dimensional zones of temperature and moisture contrasts known as weather fronts. If enough moisture and upward motion is present, precipitation falls from convective clouds (those with strong upward vertical motion) such as cumulonimbus (thunder clouds) which can organize into narrow rainbands.


Context: how is it classified?

Context: where is it formed?

Context: In the Earth's homosphere

Context: where did it get it's name from?

Context: Yes, it causes rain.

Context: how?

Context: Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity from clouds..

Question: can you name the place where it rains the most?

Answer: Cherrapunji

Rain [SEP] Wettest known locations

Cherrapunji, situated on the southern slopes of the Eastern Himalaya in Shillong, India is the confirmed wettest place on Earth, with an average annual rainfall of . The highest recorded rainfall in a single year was in 1861. The 38-year average at nearby Mawsynram, Meghalaya, India is . The wettest spot in Australia is Mount Bellenden Ker in the north-east of the country which records an average of per year, with over of rain recorded during 2000. The Big Bog on the island of Maui has the highest average annual rainfall in the Hawaiian Islands, at . Mount Waiʻaleʻale on the island of Kauaʻi achieves similar torrential rains, while slightly lower than that of the Big Bog, at of rain per year over the last 32 years, with a record in 1982.


Context: how is it classified?

Context: where is it formed?

Context: In the Earth's homosphere

Context: where did it get it's name from?

Context: Yes, it causes rain.

Context: how?

Context: can you name the place where it rains the most?

Context: Cherrapunji

Question: where is it located?

Answer: It is situated on the southern slopes of the Eastern Himalaya in Shillong.

Explanation: situated on the southern slopes of the Eastern Himalaya in Shillong,

Rain [SEP] Wettest known locations


Context: how is it classified?

Context: where is it formed?

Context: In the Earth's homosphere

Context: where did it get it's name from?

Context: Yes, it causes rain.

Context: how?

Context: Cherrapunji

Context: where is it located?

Context: It is situated on the southern slopes of the Eastern Himalaya in Shillong.

Question: why is it getting high rainfall?

Answer: Because of the orographic features. The clouds strike Cherrapunji perpendicularly and the low flying clouds are pushed up the steep slopes. It is not surprising to find that the heaviest rainfalls occur when the winds blow directly on the Khasi Hills.

Explanation: The major part of the rainfall at Cherrapunji can be attributed to the orographic features. When the clouds are blown over the hills from the south, they are funneled through the valley. The clouds strike Cherrapunji perpendicularly and the low flying clouds are pushed up the steep slopes. It is not surprising to find that the heaviest rainfalls occur when the winds blow directly on the Khasi Hills.

Cherrapunji [SEP] Causes of high rainfall

Most of the rain is the result of air being lifted as a large body of water vapour. The extreme amount of rainfall is perhaps the best-known feature of orographic rain in northeastern India. Occasionally, cloudbursts can occur in one part of Cherrapunji while other areas may be totally or relatively dry, reflecting the high spatial variability of the rainfall. Atmospheric humidity is extremely high during the peak monsoon period. The major part of the rainfall at Cherrapunji can be attributed to the orographic features. When the clouds are blown over the hills from the south, they are funneled through the valley.


Context: how is it classified?

Context: where is it formed?

Context: In the Earth's homosphere

Context: where did it get it's name from?

Context: Yes, it causes rain.

Context: how?

Context: Cherrapunji

Context: where is it located?

Context: why is it getting high rainfall?

Context: Because of the orographic features. The clouds strike Cherrapunji perpendicularly and the low flying clouds are pushed up the steep slopes. It is not surprising to find that the heaviest rainfalls occur when the winds blow directly on the Khasi Hills.

Question: what is the climate there like?

Answer: Cherrapunji has a mild subtropical highland climate with monsoonal influences typical of India.

Cherrapunji [SEP] Climate

Cherrapunji has a mild subtropical highland climate (Köppen "Cwb"), with monsoonal influences typical of India. The city's annual rainfall average stands at . This figure places it behind only nearby Mawsynram, Meghalaya, whose average is . Cherrapunji receives both the southwest and northeast monsoonal winds, giving it a single monsoon season. It lies on the windward side of the Khasi Hills, so the resulting orographic lift enhances precipitation. In the winter months it receives the northeast monsoon showers that travel down the Brahmaputra valley. The driest months are November, December, January and February. Temperatures average in January and in August, and the annual mean is Cherrapunji holds two Guinness world records for receiving the maximum amount of rainfall in a single year: of rainfall between August 1860 and July 1861 and for receiving the maximum amount of rainfall in a single month: in July 1861.


Context: how is it classified?

Context: where is it formed?

Context: In the Earth's homosphere

Context: where did it get it's name from?

Context: Yes, it causes rain.

Context: how?

Context: Cherrapunji

Context: where is it located?

Context: why is it getting high rainfall?

Context: what is the climate there like?

Context: Cherrapunji has a mild subtropical highland climate with monsoonal influences typical of India.

Question: what is the total population there?

Answer: As of the 2011 Census in India, Cherrapunji had a population of 10,086

Explanation: As of the 2011 Census in India, Cherrapunji had a population of 10,086, with males 48.75% of the total population and females 51.25%. It has an average literacy rate of 74%, equal to the national average of 74.5%, with a male literacy rate of 72.4% and a female one of 73.9%.

Cherrapunji [SEP] Demographics


Question: what is master chief (halo)?

Answer: He  is a fictional character and the protagonist in the "Halo" multimedia franchise.

Master Chief (Halo) [SEP] Introduction

Master Chief Petty Officer John-117, or "Master Chief", is a fictional character and the protagonist in the "Halo" multimedia franchise. Master Chief is a playable character in the series of science fiction first-person shooter video games "", "Halo 2", "Halo 3", "Halo 4", " and Halo Infinite". The character also appears in "Halo" books and graphic novelsincluding "", "", "", and ""and has minor appearances or cameos in other "Halo" media. Master Chief is a towering supersoldier known as a "Spartan", raised and trained from childhood for combat. He is almost faceless and rarely seen without his green-colored armor and helmet.


Context: what is master chief (halo)?

Context: He  is a fictional character and the protagonist in the "Halo" multimedia franchise.

Question: which literary genre did it belong to?

Answer: Science fiction.

Explanation: Master Chief is a playable character in the series of science fiction first-person shooter video games "

Master Chief (Halo) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is master chief (halo)?

Context: which literary genre did it belong to?

Context: Science fiction.

Question: what are the different episodes of this franchise?

Answer: "Halo 2", "Halo 3", "Halo 4", " and Halo Infinite".

Explanation: series of science fiction first-person shooter video games "", "Halo 2", "Halo 3", "Halo 4", " and Halo Infinite".

Master Chief (Halo) [SEP] Introduction

Criticism of the Master Chief's lessened role in "Halo5" led to the developers refocusing on him for the upcoming video game "Halo Infinite".


Context: what is master chief (halo)?

Context: which literary genre did it belong to?

Context: Science fiction.

Context: what are the different episodes of this franchise?

Context: "Halo 2", "Halo 3", "Halo 4", " and Halo Infinite".

Question: when did the latter one develop?

Answer: in 2015.

Halo Infinite [SEP] Introduction

Halo Infinite is an upcoming first-person shooter game developed by 343 Industries and published by Xbox Game Studios for Microsoft Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X and Series S. The sixth main entry of the "Halo" series and the fourteenth game overall, it continues the story of the Master Chief as the third chapter of the "Reclaimer Saga", following "" (2015). Originally intended to launch alongside the release of the Xbox Series X/S, it was delayed in August 2020 and is planned for release in 2021.


Context: what is master chief (halo)?

Context: which literary genre did it belong to?

Context: Science fiction.

Context: when did the latter one develop?

Context: in 2015.

Question: what music was it a part of?

Answer: "Infinite"s music.

Halo Infinite [SEP] Music

"Infinite"s music is a collaboration between Gareth Coker, Curtis Schweitzer, and Joel Corelitz.


Context: what is master chief (halo)?

Context: which literary genre did it belong to?

Context: Science fiction.

Context: when did the latter one develop?

Context: in 2015.

Context: what music was it a part of?

Context: "Infinite"s music.

Question: who are the collaborators of this music?

Answer: Gareth Coker, Curtis Schweitzer, and Joel Corelitz.

Explanation: "Infinite"s music is a collaboration between Gareth Coker, Curtis Schweitzer, and Joel Corelitz.

Halo Infinite [SEP] Music


Context: what is master chief (halo)?

Context: which literary genre did it belong to?

Context: Science fiction.

Context: when did the latter one develop?

Context: in 2015.

Context: what music was it a part of?

Context: "Infinite"s music.

Context: who are the collaborators of this music?

Context: Gareth Coker, Curtis Schweitzer, and Joel Corelitz.

Question: which game did the former produce music for?

Answer: "Ori and the Blind Forest" and "Ori and the Will of the Wisps", and the "Halo Infinite".

Gareth Coker [SEP] Introduction

Gareth Coker is a British composer best known for his work on the critically acclaimed video games by Moon Studios, "Ori and the Blind Forest" and "Ori and the Will of the Wisps", as well as the upcoming "Halo Infinite".


Context: what is master chief (halo)?

Context: which literary genre did it belong to?

Context: Science fiction.

Context: when did the latter one develop?

Context: in 2015.

Context: what music was it a part of?

Context: "Infinite"s music.

Context: which game did the former produce music for?

Context: "Ori and the Blind Forest" and "Ori and the Will of the Wisps", and the "Halo Infinite".

Question: when did the first mentioned game release?

Answer: For Xbox One and Microsoft Windows on March 11, 2015 and for Nintendo Switch on September 27, 2019.

Ori and the Blind Forest [SEP] Introduction

Ori and the Blind Forest is a platform-adventure Metroidvania video game developed by Moon Studios and published by Microsoft Studios. The game was released for Xbox One and Microsoft Windows on March 11, 2015 and for Nintendo Switch on September 27, 2019. Players assume control of Ori, a small white guardian spirit, and Sein, the "light and eyes" of the Forest's Spirit Tree. Players are tasked to move between platforms and solve puzzles. The game features a save system called "Soul Links", which allows players to save their progress at will with limited resources, and an upgrade system that gives players the ability to strengthen Ori's skills and abilities.


Context: what is master chief (halo)?

Context: which literary genre did it belong to?

Context: Science fiction.

Context: when did the latter one develop?

Context: in 2015.

Context: what music was it a part of?

Context: "Infinite"s music.

Context: when did the first mentioned game release?

Context: For Xbox One and Microsoft Windows on March 11, 2015 and for Nintendo Switch on September 27, 2019.

Question: when was the initial launch of the latter?

Answer: 3 Ma

Nintendo Switch [SEP] Introduction

The is a video game console, developed by Nintendo and released worldwide in most regions on March 3, 2017. It is a hybrid console that can be used as either a home console or a portable device. Its wireless Joy-Con controllers, with standard buttons and directional analog sticks for user input, motion sensing, and tactile feedback, can attach to both sides of the console to support handheld-style play. They can also connect to a grip accessory to provide a traditional home console gamepad form, or be used individually in the hand like the Wii Remote and Nunchuk, supporting local multiplayer modes.


Context: what is master chief (halo)?

Context: which literary genre did it belong to?

Context: Science fiction.

Context: when did the latter one develop?

Context: in 2015.

Context: what music was it a part of?

Context: "Infinite"s music.

Context: when was the initial launch of the latter?

Context: 3 Ma

Question: when did the pre-release happen?

Answer: January 2017.

Nintendo Switch [SEP] Pre-release

Market analysts had a mixed response to the October 2016 announcement of the Nintendo Switch. Some expressed concern that the Switch failed to address the issues that led to poor Wii U sales, and was aimed at a small audience. Others were more upbeat, believing the Switch approach would fit in well in the Japanese market, where space for dedicated consoles and televisions are limited, and transition into Western ones. Taylor also approved of the company's decision to introduce the console prior to the holiday season, when Microsoft and Sony would attempt to attract casual gamers to their consoles. Following the January 2017 press conference revealing the unit's pricing and release date, journalists expressed concern at the apparently high system price, comparable to the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One consoles but lacking some of their capabilities, the cost of the paid-for Nintendo Switch Online service, and the small number of games that were confirmed for launch.


Context: what is master chief (halo)?

Context: which literary genre did it belong to?

Context: Science fiction.

Context: when did the latter one develop?

Context: in 2015.

Context: what music was it a part of?

Context: "Infinite"s music.

Context: 3 Ma

Context: when did the pre-release happen?

Context: January 2017.

Question: what are some additional models of the switch?

Answer: "HAC-001(-01)" .

Nintendo Switch [SEP] Later revisions

An updated version of the Nintendo Switch under model number "HAC-001(-01)" was announced on July 17, 2019, and was released in Japan and North America in mid-August 2019, and in the United Kingdom in September 2019. This revision uses the Tegra X1+ SoC, a more efficient chipset compared to the Tegra X1 used in the original model. Thus, the time-on-battery was effectively extended to 4.5–9 hours, depending on the game played. No other system component was updated in this revision.


Question: 7. what is the name of the acid in vinegar in vitamin c (10 points)

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Vitamin C [SEP] Introduction

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and ascorbate, is a vitamin found in various foods and sold as a dietary supplement. It is used to prevent and treat scurvy. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters. It is required for the functioning of several enzymes and is important for immune system function. It also functions as an antioxidant. There is some evidence that regular use of supplements may reduce the duration of the common cold, but it does not appear to prevent infection. It is unclear whether supplementation affects the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or dementia.


Context: 7. what is the name of the acid in vinegar in vitamin c (10 points)

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are some of the functions of this vitamin in human body?

Answer: Involved in the repair of tissue and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters, functions as an antioxidant, etc

Explanation:
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters. It is required for the functioning of several enzymes and is important for immune system function. It also functions as an antioxidant.
There is some evidence that regular use of supplements may reduce the duration of the common cold, but it does not appear to prevent infection. It is unclear whether supplementation affects the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or dementia. It may be taken by mouth or by injection.

Vitamin C [SEP] Introduction

It may be taken by mouth or by injection. Vitamin C is generally well tolerated. Large doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, trouble sleeping, and flushing of the skin. Normal doses are safe during pregnancy. The United States Institute of Medicine recommends against taking large doses. Vitamin C was discovered in 1912, isolated in 1928, and in 1933, was the first vitamin to be chemically produced. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Vitamin C is available as an inexpensive generic and over-the-counter medication. Partly for its discovery, Albert Szent-Györgyi and Walter Norman Haworth were awarded the 1937 Nobel Prizes in Physiology and Medicine and Chemistry, respectively.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some of the functions of this vitamin in human body?

Context: Involved in the repair of tissue and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters, functions as an antioxidant, etc

Question: what kind of diseases can its deficiency lead to?

Answer: Scurvy

Vitamin C [SEP] Deficiency

Serum levels are considered saturated, achieved by consuming supplement amounts above the Recommended Dietary Allowance, at >65 μmol/L (1.1 mg/dL). Adequate defined as ≥50 μmol/L, hypovitaminosis at ≤23 μmol/L and deficient at ≤11.4 μmol/L. For people ≥20 years old, data from the U.S. 2003-04 NHANES survey showed mean and median serum concentrations of 49.0 and 54.4 μmol/L, respectively. The percent of people reported as deficient was 7.1%. Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C. Without this vitamin, collagen made by the body is too unstable to perform its function and several other enzymes in the body do not operate correctly.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what kind of diseases can its deficiency lead to?

Context: Scurvy

Question: can you name some foods where it is abundantly found?

Answer: In fruits and vegetables

Explanation: The richest natural sources of vitamin C are fruits and vegetables. The vitamin is the most widely taken nutritional supplement and is available in a variety of forms, including tablets, drink mixes, and in capsules.

Vitamin C [SEP] Sources


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Scurvy

Context: can you name some foods where it is abundantly found?

Context: In fruits and vegetables

Question: which fruits?

Answer: Citrus fruits, kiwifruit, guava, and strawberries

Vitamin C [SEP] Introduction

Foods containing vitamin C include citrus fruits, kiwifruit, guava, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, bell peppers and strawberries. Prolonged storage or cooking may reduce vitaminC content in foods.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Scurvy

Context: In fruits and vegetables

Context: which fruits?

Context: Citrus fruits, kiwifruit, guava, and strawberries

Question: where’s the first fruit you mentioned native to?

Answer: South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia

Citrus [SEP] Introduction

Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus "Citrus" is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. Various citrus species have been utilized and domesticated by indigenous cultures in these areas since ancient times. From there its cultivation spread into Micronesia and Polynesia by the Austronesian expansion (c. 3000–1500 BCE); and to the Middle East and the Mediterranean (c. 1200 BCE) via the incense trade route, and onwards to Europe.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Scurvy

Context: In fruits and vegetables

Context: which fruits?

Context: where’s the first fruit you mentioned native to?

Context: South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia

Question: how did it get its name?

Answer: From Latin, where it referred to either the plant now known as citron ("C. medica") or a conifer tree ("Thuja")

Citrus [SEP] Etymology

The generic name originated from Latin, where it referred to either the plant now known as citron ("C. medica") or a conifer tree ("Thuja"). It is related to the ancient Greek word for cedar, κέδρος ("kédros"). This may be due to perceived similarities in the smell of citrus leaves and fruit with that of cedar. Collectively, "Citrus" fruits and plants are also known by the Romance loanword "agrumes" (literally "sour fruits").


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Scurvy

Context: In fruits and vegetables

Context: which fruits?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: From Latin, where it referred to either the plant now known as citron ("C. medica") or a conifer tree ("Thuja")

Question: what are some of the symptoms of the disease you mentioned before?

Answer: Malaise and lethargy, shortness of breath and bone pain, skin changes with roughness, easy bruising and petechiae, are some among them

Scurvy [SEP] Signs and symptoms

Early symptoms are malaise and lethargy. After one to three months, patients develop shortness of breath and bone pain. Myalgias may occur because of reduced carnitine production. Other symptoms include skin changes with roughness, easy bruising and petechiae, gum disease, loosening of teeth, poor wound healing, and emotional changes (which may appear before any physical changes). Dry mouth and dry eyes similar to Sjögren's syndrome may occur. In the late stages, jaundice, generalised edema, oliguria, neuropathy, fever, convulsions, and eventual death are frequently seen.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Scurvy

Context: In fruits and vegetables

Context: which fruits?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: what are some of the symptoms of the disease you mentioned before?

Context: Malaise and lethargy, shortness of breath and bone pain, skin changes with roughness, easy bruising and petechiae, are some among them

Question: is it curable?

Answer: Yes

Explanation: Scurvy will improve with doses of vitamin C as low as 10 mg per day though doses of around 100 mg per day are typically recommended. Most people make a full recovery within 2 weeks.

Scurvy [SEP] Treatment


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Scurvy

Context: In fruits and vegetables

Context: which fruits?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: is it curable?

Context: Yes

Question: what’s the earliest recorded instance of this disease among humans?

Answer: A 1707 handwritten book by Mrs. Ebot Mitchell contains a "Recp.t for the Scurvy"

Explanation: A 1707 handwritten book by Mrs. Ebot Mitchell, discovered in a house in Hasfield, Gloucestershire, contains a "Recp.t for the Scurvy" that consisted of extracts from various plants mixed with a plentiful supply of orange juice, white wine or beer.

Scurvy [SEP] 18th century

As a naval surgeon on HMS "Salisbury", Lind had compared several suggested scurvy cures: hard cider, vitriol, vinegar, seawater, oranges, lemons, and a mixture of balsam of Peru, garlic, myrrh, mustard seed and radish root. In "A Treatise on the Scurvy" (1753) Lind explained the details of his clinical trial and concluded "the results of all my experiments was, that oranges and lemons were the most effectual remedies for this distemper at sea.”


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Scurvy

Context: In fruits and vegetables

Context: which fruits?

Context: how did it get its name?

Context: is it curable?

Context: Yes

Context: what’s the earliest recorded instance of this disease among humans?

Context: A 1707 handwritten book by Mrs. Ebot Mitchell contains a "Recp.t for the Scurvy"

Question: who are at a higher risk of suffering from it in the modern world?

Answer: Malnourished people in the developing world and the homeless

Explanation: Rates of scurvy in most of the world are low. Those most commonly affected are malnourished people in the developing world and the homeless. There have been outbreaks of the condition in refugee camps. Case reports in the developing world of those with poorly healing wounds have occurred.

Scurvy [SEP] 21st century


Question: in mythology kubera the lord of when shared what relationship with ravana

Answer: He was his demon half-brother.

Explanation: Originally described as the chief of evil spirits in Vedic-era texts, Kubera acquired the status of a "Deva" (god) only in the "Purana"s and the Hindu epics. The scriptures describe that Kubera once ruled Lanka, but was overthrown by his demon half-brother Ravana, later settling in the city of Alaka in the Himalayas. Descriptions of the "glory" and "splendours" of Kubera's city are found in many scriptures.

Kubera [SEP] Introduction

The scriptures describe that Kubera once ruled Lanka, but was overthrown by his demon half-brother Ravana, later settling in the city of Alaka in the Himalayas. Descriptions of the "glory" and "splendours" of Kubera's city are found in many scriptures. Kubera has also been assimilated into the Buddhist and Jain pantheons. In Buddhism, he is known as Vaisravana, the patronymic used of the Hindu Kubera and is also equated with Pañcika, while in Jainism, he is known as Sarvanubhuti.


Context: in mythology kubera the lord of when shared what relationship with ravana

Context: He was his demon half-brother.

Question: who is the former?

Answer: Kuber or Kuberan, is the Lord of Wealth and the god-king of the semi-divine Yakshas in Hindu culture.

Kubera [SEP] Introduction

Kubera () also known as Kuvera, Kuber or Kuberan, is the Lord of Wealth and the god-king of the semi-divine Yakshas in Hindu culture. He is regarded as the regent of the North ("Dik-pala"), and a protector of the world ("Lokapala"). His many epithets extol him as the overlord of numerous semi-divine species and the owner of the treasures of the world. Kubera is often depicted with a plump body, adorned with jewels, and carrying a money-pot and a club. Originally described as the chief of evil spirits in Vedic-era texts, Kubera acquired the status of a "Deva" (god) only in the "Purana"s and the Hindu epics.


Context: He was his demon half-brother.

Context: who is the former?

Context: Kuber or Kuberan, is the Lord of Wealth and the god-king of the semi-divine Yakshas in Hindu culture.

Question: does he have any other names?

Answer: "Dik-pala", "Lokapala".

Kubera [SEP] Introduction


Context: He was his demon half-brother.

Context: who is the former?

Context: does he have any other names?

Context: "Dik-pala", "Lokapala".

Question: what does the last one mean?

Answer: A protector of the world.

Kubera [SEP] Introduction


Context: He was his demon half-brother.

Context: who is the former?

Context: does he have any other names?

Context: "Dik-pala", "Lokapala".

Context: what does the last one mean?

Context: A protector of the world.

Question: what religion is this protector associated with?

Answer: Hindu, Buddhist.

Explanation: Lokapāla, Sanskrit and Pāli for "guardian of the world", has different uses depending on whether it is found in a Hindu or Buddhist context.

Lokapala [SEP] Introduction


Context: He was his demon half-brother.

Context: who is the former?

Context: does he have any other names?

Context: "Dik-pala", "Lokapala".

Context: what does the last one mean?

Context: A protector of the world.

Context: what religion is this protector associated with?

Context: Hindu, Buddhist.

Question: how has the protector been depicted in the former religion?

Answer: In Hinduism, the guardians of the cardinal directions are called the Lokapalas, or Dikpalaka.

Explanation: In Hinduism, the guardians of the cardinal directions are called the Lokapalas (लोकपाल), or Dikpalaka. The four principal guardians are:

Lokapala [SEP] In Hinduism


Context: He was his demon half-brother.

Context: who is the former?

Context: does he have any other names?

Context: "Dik-pala", "Lokapala".

Context: what does the last one mean?

Context: A protector of the world.

Context: Hindu, Buddhist.

Context: how has the protector been depicted in the former religion?

Context: In Hinduism, the guardians of the cardinal directions are called the Lokapalas, or Dikpalaka.

Question: and in the latter religion?

Answer: Two broad categories of Dharmapāla (protectors of the Buddhist religion) -the other category being Wisdom Protectors.

Lokapala [SEP] In Buddhism

In Buddhism, lokapāla () are one of two broad categories of Dharmapāla (protectors of the Buddhist religion) -the other category being Wisdom Protectors. In China, "each is additionally associated with a specific direction and the Four Heraldic Animals of Chinese astronomy/astrology, as well as playing a more secular role in rural communities ensuring favorable weather for crops and peace throughout the land...Easily identified by their armor and boots, each has his own magic weapon and associations." Their names are (east) Dhrtarastra, (west) Virupaksa, (north) Vaishravana, and (south) Virudhaka. In Tibetan Buddhism many of these worldly protector deities are indigenous Tibetan deities, mountain gods, demons, spirits or ghosts that have been subjugated by Padmasambhava or other great adepts and oath bound to protect a monastery, geographic region, particular tradition or as guardians of Buddhism in general.


Context: He was his demon half-brother.

Context: who is the former?

Context: does he have any other names?

Context: "Dik-pala", "Lokapala".

Context: what does the last one mean?

Context: A protector of the world.

Context: Hindu, Buddhist.

Context: and in the latter religion?

Context: Two broad categories of Dharmapāla (protectors of the Buddhist religion) -the other category being Wisdom Protectors.

Question: who were the parents of the original deity?

Answer: "Prajapati" Pulastya and his wife Idavida.

Kubera [SEP] Early descriptions and parentage

In the "Atharvaveda"—where he first appears—and the "Shatapatha Brahmana", Kubera is the chief of evil spirits or spirits of darkness, and son of Vaishravana. The "Shatapatha Brahmana" calls him the Lord of thieves and criminals. In the "Manusmriti", he becomes a respectable "Loka-pala" ("world protector") and the patron of merchants. In the epic "Mahabharata", Kubera is described as the son of "Prajapati" Pulastya and his wife Idavida and the brother of sage Vishrava. Kubera is described as born from a cow. However, from the "Purana"s, he is described as the grandson of Pulastya and the son of Vishrava and his wife Ilavida (or Ilivila or Devavarnini), daughter of the sage Bharadvaja or Trinabindu.


Context: He was his demon half-brother.

Context: who is the former?

Context: does he have any other names?

Context: "Dik-pala", "Lokapala".

Context: what does the last one mean?

Context: A protector of the world.

Context: Hindu, Buddhist.

Context: and in the latter religion?

Context: who were the parents of the original deity?

Context: "Prajapati" Pulastya and his wife Idavida.

Question: who was the father?

Answer: He was one of the ten Prajapati or mind-born sons of Brahma.

Pulastya [SEP] Introduction

In Hindu mythology, Pulastya (Sanskrit: पुलस्त्य) was one of the ten Prajapati or mind-born sons of Brahma, (Manas Putra) and one of the Saptarishis (Seven Great Sages Rishi) in the first Manvantara. Rakshasas and Kinnaras are children of Pulastya, according to Mahabharata.


Context: He was his demon half-brother.

Context: who is the former?

Context: does he have any other names?

Context: "Dik-pala", "Lokapala".

Context: what does the last one mean?

Context: A protector of the world.

Context: Hindu, Buddhist.

Context: and in the latter religion?

Context: who was the father?

Context: He was one of the ten Prajapati or mind-born sons of Brahma.

Question: has any archeological remains been found regarding this son?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Pulastya [SEP] Introduction


Context: He was his demon half-brother.

Context: who is the former?

Context: does he have any other names?

Context: "Dik-pala", "Lokapala".

Context: what does the last one mean?

Context: A protector of the world.

Context: Hindu, Buddhist.

Context: and in the latter religion?

Context: who was the father?

Context: has any archeological remains been found regarding this son?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: has he been described in any indian literary sources?

Answer: Yes, Vishnudharmottara Purana a hindu text.

Explanation: In the "Vishnudharmottara Purana", Kubera is described as the embodiment of both "Artha" ("wealth, prosperity, glory") and "Arthashastra"s, the treatises related to it—and his iconography mirrors it. Kubera's complexion is described as that of lotus leaves. He rides a man—the state personified, adorned in golden clothes and ornaments, symbolizing his wealth. His left eye is yellow. He wears an armour and a necklace down to his large belly. The "Vishnudharmottara Purana" further describes his face to be inclined to the left, sporting a beard and mustache, and with two small tusks protruding from the ends of his mouth, representing his powers to punish and to bestow favours. His wife Riddhi, representing the journey of life, is seated on his left lap, with her left hand on the back of Kubera and the right holding a "ratna-patra" (jewel-pot). Kubera should be four-armed, holding a "gada" (mace: symbol of "dandaniti"—administration of justice) and a "shakti" (power) in his left pair, and s

Kubera [SEP] Iconography

Kubera is often depicted as a dwarf, with complexion of lotus leaves and a big belly. He is described as having three legs, only eight teeth, one eye, and being adorned with jewels. He is sometimes depicted riding a man. The description of deformities like the broken teeth, three legs, three heads and four arms appear only in the later "Puranic" texts. Kubera holds a mace, a pomegranate or a money bag in his hand. He may also carry a sheaf of jewels or a mongoose with him. In Tibet, the mongoose is considered a symbol of Kubera's victory over Nāgas—the guardians of treasures.


Context: He was his demon half-brother.

Context: who is the former?

Context: does he have any other names?

Context: "Dik-pala", "Lokapala".

Context: what does the last one mean?

Context: A protector of the world.

Context: Hindu, Buddhist.

Context: and in the latter religion?

Context: who was the father?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has he been described in any indian literary sources?

Context: Yes, Vishnudharmottara Purana a hindu text.

Question: is he also mentioned in any other works?

Answer: Yes, Arthashastra an ancient Indian Sanskrit treatise.

Explanation: The Arthaśāstra (, ) is an ancient Indian Sanskrit treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy. Kautilya, also identified as Vishnugupta and Chanakya, is traditionally credited as the author of the text. The latter was a scholar at Takshashila, the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. Some scholars believe them to be the same person, while most have questioned this identification. The text is likely to be the work of several authors over centuries. Composed, expanded and redacted between the 2nd century BCE and 3rd century CE, the "Arthashastra" was influential until the 12th century, when it disappeared. It was rediscovered in 1905 by R. Shamasastry, who published it in 1909. The first English translation was published in 1915.

Arthashastra [SEP] Introduction