Context: who is steve dodd?

Context: An Indigenous Australian actor.

Context: where was he born?

Context: Australia.

Context: can you name a few of his films?

Context: "Bitter Springs" and  "Kangaroo".

Context: where is the animal with the name of the latter widely found?

Context: Australia and New Guinea.

Question: what do they feed on?

Answer: variety of grasses, shrubs and hypogeal fungi.

Explanation: The eastern grey kangaroo is predominantly a grazer, and eats a wide variety of grasses, whereas some other species such as the red kangaroo include significant amounts of shrubs in their diets. Smaller species of kangaroos also consume hypogeal fungi. Many species are nocturnal, and crepuscular, usually spending the hot days resting in shade, and the cool evenings, nights and mornings moving about and feeding.

Kangaroo [SEP] Diet

Many species are nocturnal, and crepuscular, usually spending the hot days resting in shade, and the cool evenings, nights and mornings moving about and feeding. Because of its grazing habits, the kangaroo has developed specialized teeth that are rare among mammals. Its incisors are able to crop grass close to the ground and its molars chop and grind the grass. Since the two sides of the lower jaw are not joined or fused together, the lower incisors are farther apart, giving the kangaroo a wider bite. The silica in grass is abrasive, so kangaroo molars are ground down and they actually move forward in the mouth before they eventually fall out, and are replaced by new teeth that grow in the back.


Question: what is apollo 9?

Answer: It was a human spaceflight, the third in NASA's Apollo program.

Apollo 9 [SEP] Introduction

Apollo 9 was a March 1969 human spaceflight, the third in NASA's Apollo program. Flown in low Earth orbit, it was the second crewed Apollo mission that the United States launched via a Saturn V rocket, and was the first flight of the full Apollo spacecraft: the command and service module (CSM) with the Lunar Module (LM). The mission was flown to qualify the LM for lunar orbit operations in preparation for the first Moon landing by demonstrating its descent and ascent propulsion systems, showing that its crew could fly it independently, then rendezvous and dock with the CSM again, as would be required for the first crewed lunar landing.


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: It was a human spaceflight, the third in NASA's Apollo program.

Question: who were the crew members?

Answer: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Apollo 9 [SEP] Crew and key Mission Control personnel

McDivitt was in the Air Force; selected as a member of the second group of astronauts in 1962, he was command pilot of Gemini 4 (1965). Scott, also Air Force, was selected in the third astronaut group in 1963 and flew alongside Neil Armstrong in Gemini 8, on which the first spacecraft docking was performed. Schweickart, a civilian who had served in the Air Force and Massachusetts Air National Guard, was selected as a Group3 astronaut but was not assigned to a Gemini mission and had no spaceflight experience. The backup crew consisted of Pete Conrad as commander, Command Module Pilot Richard F.


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Question: did they use any call signs?

Answer: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Explanation: After the Gemini 3 craft was dubbed "Molly Brown" by Grissom, NASA forbade naming spacecraft. The fact that during the Apollo9 mission, the CSM and LM would separate and need different call signs caused the Apollo9 astronauts to push for a change. In simulations, they began to refer to the CSM as "Gumdrop", a name inspired by the CM's appearance while in the blue protective wrapping in which it was transported from the manufacturer, and the LM as "Spider", inspired by the LM's appearance with landing legs deployed. Personnel in NASA public relations thought the names were too informal, but the call signs ultimately gained official sanction. NASA required more formal call signs for future missions, starting with Apollo 11.

Apollo 9 [SEP] Spacecraft, equipment and call signs

Apollo9 used CSM-104, the third block II CSM to be flown with astronauts aboard. Apollo 8, lacking a lunar module, did not have docking equipment; Apollo9 flew the probe-and-drogue assembly used for docking along with other equipment added near the forward hatch of the CM; this allowed for rigid docking of the two craft, and for internal transfer between CM and LM. Had the switch in missions between Apollo8 and9 not occurred, the Earth-orbit mission would have flown CSM-103, which flew on Apollo 8. The Earth-orbit mission was originally supposed to use LM-2 as its lunar module, but the crew found numerous flaws in it, many associated with it being the first flight-ready lunar module off Grumman's production line.


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Question: where else are such signs used?

Answer: In broadcasting and radio communications, and railroad stations

Call sign [SEP] Introduction

In broadcasting and radio communications, a call sign (also known as a call name or call letters—and historically as a call signal—or abbreviated as a call) is a unique designation for a transmitter station. In the United States of America, they are used for all FCC-licensed transmitters. A call sign can be formally assigned by a government agency, informally adopted by individuals or organizations, or even cryptographically encoded to disguise a station's identity. The use of call signs as unique identifiers dates to the landline railroad telegraph system. Because there was only one telegraph line linking all railroad stations, there needed to be a way to address each one when sending a telegram.


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Context: where else are such signs used?

Context: In broadcasting and radio communications, and railroad stations

Question: is this used by military personnel?

Answer: Yes, tactical call signs

Call sign [SEP] Military call signs

In wartime, monitoring an adversary's communications can be a valuable form of intelligence. Consistent call signs can aid in this monitoring, so in wartime, military units often employ tactical call signs and sometimes change them at regular intervals. In peacetime, some military stations will use fixed call signs in the international series. The United States Army uses fixed station call signs which begin with "W", such as WAR, used by U.S. Army Headquarters. Fixed call signs for the United States Air Force stations begin with "A", such as AIR, used by USAF Headquarters. The United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, and United States Coast Guard use a mixture of tactical call signs and international call signs beginning with the letter "N".


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Context: where else are such signs used?

Context: is this used by military personnel?

Context: Yes, tactical call signs

Question: is there a book for it?

Answer: A tactical designator

Tactical designator [SEP] Introduction

Police units in the United States tend to use a tactical designator (or tactical callsign) consisting of a letter of the police radio alphabet followed by one or two numbers. For example, "Mary One" might identify the head of a city's homicide division. Police and fire department radio systems are assigned official callsigns, however. Examples are KQY672 and KYX556. The official headquarters callsigns are usually announced at least hourly, and more frequently by Morse code. The United States Army uses tactical designators that change daily. They normally consist of letter-number-letter prefixes identifying a unit, followed by a number-number suffix identifying the role of the person using the callsign.


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Context: where else are such signs used?

Context: is this used by military personnel?

Context: Yes, tactical call signs

Context: is there a book for it?

Context: A tactical designator

Question: when did the space program mentioned earlier originated?

Answer: 1969 to 1972

Apollo program [SEP] Introduction

The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972. It was first conceived during Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration as a three-person spacecraft to follow the one-person Project Mercury, which put the first Americans in space. Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal for the 1960s of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" in an address to Congress on May 25, 1961.


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Context: where else are such signs used?

Context: is this used by military personnel?

Context: Yes, tactical call signs

Context: is there a book for it?

Context: A tactical designator

Context: when did the space program mentioned earlier originated?

Context: 1969 to 1972

Question: what were some of the launch vehicles that they used?

Answer: The Saturn series and the Nova series.

Apollo program [SEP] Launch vehicles

Before the Apollo program began, Wernher von Braun and his team of rocket engineers had started work on plans for very large launch vehicles, the Saturn series, and the even larger Nova series. In the midst of these plans, von Braun was transferred from the Army to NASA and was made Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center. The initial direct ascent plan to send the three-person Apollo command and service module directly to the lunar surface, on top of a large descent rocket stage, would require a Nova-class launcher, with a lunar payload capability of over . The June 11, 1962, decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous enabled the Saturn V to replace the Nova, and the MSFC proceeded to develop the Saturn rocket family for Apollo.


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Context: where else are such signs used?

Context: is this used by military personnel?

Context: Yes, tactical call signs

Context: is there a book for it?

Context: A tactical designator

Context: 1969 to 1972

Context: what were some of the launch vehicles that they used?

Context: The Saturn series and the Nova series.

Question: did this program get any samples in return?

Answer: Yes, lunar rocks and soil.

Apollo program [SEP] Samples returned

The Apollo program returned over of lunar rocks and soil to the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston. Today, 75% of the samples are stored at the Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility built in 1979. The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth, as measured by radiometric dating techniques. They range in age from about 3.2 billion years for the basaltic samples derived from the lunar maria, to about 4.6 billion years for samples derived from the highlands crust. As such, they represent samples from a very early period in the development of the Solar System, that are largely absent on Earth.


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Context: where else are such signs used?

Context: is this used by military personnel?

Context: Yes, tactical call signs

Context: is there a book for it?

Context: A tactical designator

Context: 1969 to 1972

Context: The Saturn series and the Nova series.

Context: did this program get any samples in return?

Context: Yes, lunar rocks and soil.

Question: were these samples sent to any laboratory?

Answer: Yes, the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston.

Apollo program [SEP] Samples returned


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Context: where else are such signs used?

Context: is this used by military personnel?

Context: Yes, tactical call signs

Context: is there a book for it?

Context: A tactical designator

Context: 1969 to 1972

Context: The Saturn series and the Nova series.

Context: Yes, lunar rocks and soil.

Context: were these samples sent to any laboratory?

Context: Yes, the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston.

Question: from where were the samples collected?

Answer: The Moon

Explanation: The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth

Apollo program [SEP] Samples returned


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Context: where else are such signs used?

Context: is this used by military personnel?

Context: Yes, tactical call signs

Context: is there a book for it?

Context: A tactical designator

Context: 1969 to 1972

Context: The Saturn series and the Nova series.

Context: Yes, lunar rocks and soil.

Context: from where were the samples collected?

Context: The Moon

Question: what kind of atmosphere can you find on this satellite?

Answer: An atmosphere so tenuous as to be nearly vacuum.

Moon [SEP] Atmosphere

The Moon has an atmosphere so tenuous as to be nearly vacuum, with a total mass of less than . The surface pressure of this small mass is around 3 × 10 atm (0.3 nPa); it varies with the lunar day. Its sources include outgassing and sputtering, a product of the bombardment of lunar soil by solar wind ions. Elements that have been detected include sodium and potassium, produced by sputtering (also found in the atmospheres of Mercury and Io); helium-4 and neon from the solar wind; and argon-40, radon-222, and polonium-210, outgassed after their creation by radioactive decay within the crust and mantle.


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Context: where else are such signs used?

Context: is this used by military personnel?

Context: Yes, tactical call signs

Context: is there a book for it?

Context: A tactical designator

Context: 1969 to 1972

Context: The Saturn series and the Nova series.

Context: Yes, lunar rocks and soil.

Context: from where were the samples collected?

Context: The Moon

Context: what kind of atmosphere can you find on this satellite?

Context: An atmosphere so tenuous as to be nearly vacuum.

Question: what is the human impact on it?

Answer: It has inspired permanent installations like the "Moon Museum" art piece, Apollo 11 goodwill messages, Lunar plaque, "Fallen Astronaut" memorial and other artifacts.

Explanation: Beside the traces of human activity on the Moon, there have been some intended permanent installations like the "Moon Museum" art piece, Apollo 11 goodwill messages, Lunar plaque, "Fallen Astronaut" memorial and other artifacts.

Moon [SEP] Human impact


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Context: where else are such signs used?

Context: is this used by military personnel?

Context: Yes, tactical call signs

Context: is there a book for it?

Context: A tactical designator

Context: 1969 to 1972

Context: The Saturn series and the Nova series.

Context: Yes, lunar rocks and soil.

Context: from where were the samples collected?

Context: The Moon

Context: what is the human impact on it?

Context: It has inspired permanent installations like the "Moon Museum" art piece, Apollo 11 goodwill messages, Lunar plaque, "Fallen Astronaut" memorial and other artifacts.

Question: what is the memorial about?

Answer: It depicts an astronaut in a spacesuit, intended to commemorate the astronauts and cosmonauts who have died in the advancement of space exploration.

Fallen Astronaut [SEP] Introduction

Fallen Astronaut is a aluminum sculpture created by Paul Van Hoeydonck. It is a small stylized figure, meant to depict an astronaut in a spacesuit, intended to commemorate the astronauts and cosmonauts who have died in the advancement of space exploration. It was commissioned and placed on the Moon by the crew of Apollo 15 at Hadley Rille on August 1, 1971, next to a plaque listing the 14 men known who died. The crew kept the memorial's existence a secret until after completion of their mission. After public disclosure, the National Air and Space Museum requested a replica of the statue.


Context: what is apollo 9?

Context: who were the crew members?

Context: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart

Context: did they use any call signs?

Context: Yes, "Gumdrop", "Spider" etc.

Context: where else are such signs used?

Context: is this used by military personnel?

Context: Yes, tactical call signs

Context: is there a book for it?

Context: A tactical designator

Context: 1969 to 1972

Context: The Saturn series and the Nova series.

Context: Yes, lunar rocks and soil.

Context: from where were the samples collected?

Context: The Moon

Context: what is the human impact on it?

Context: what is the memorial about?

Context: It depicts an astronaut in a spacesuit, intended to commemorate the astronauts and cosmonauts who have died in the advancement of space exploration.

Question: is there a replica of it?

Answer: Van Hoeydonck and Apollo 15 Command Module Pilot Al Worden announced the sale of a limited edition replica inside a blue acrylic block.

Explanation: In January 2019, Van Hoeydonck and Apollo 15 Command Module Pilot Al Worden announced the sale of a limited edition replica inside a blue acrylic block, as Van Hoeydonck originally intended, which would have allowed the statue to be placed upright on the Moon to "symbolize humanity rising" via space travel. NASA had rejected the acrylic enclosure's inclusion on the flight as a fire hazard. A smaller number of enlarged sculptures are also to be sold.

Fallen Astronaut [SEP] Replicas


Question: hindi in all official work in utter pradesh

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Uttar Pradesh [SEP] Introduction

Uttar Pradesh ) (English Translation: "Northern Province") is a state in northern India. With roughly 200 million inhabitants, it is the most-populous state in India as well as the most-populous country subdivision in the world. It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh during British rule, and was renamed "Uttar Pradesh" in 1950, giving it the acronym "UP". The state is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts, with the capital being Lucknow. On 9 November 2000, a new state, Uttarakhand, was carved from the state's Himalayan hill region. The two major rivers of the state, the Ganges and Yamuna, join at Triveni Sangam in Allahabad and flow further east as Ganges.


Context: hindi in all official work in utter pradesh

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the capital of this state?

Answer: Lucknow

Explanation: The state is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts, with the capital being Lucknow.

Uttar Pradesh [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the capital of this state?

Context: Lucknow

Question: who is the current chief minister of this state?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Uttar Pradesh [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the capital of this state?

Context: Lucknow

Context: who is the current chief minister of this state?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what rivers are found here?

Answer: Thirty-two rivers, including the Ganges and Yamuna among others

Uttar Pradesh [SEP] Geography

These districts have the highest density of population which gives the lowest per capita land. The other two regions, the central and the western are comparatively better with a well-developed irrigation system. They suffer from waterlogging and large-scale user tracts. In addition, the area is fairly arid. The state has more than 32 large and small rivers; of them, the Ganges, Yamuna, Saraswati, Sarayu, Betwa, and Ghaghara are larger and of religious importance in Hinduism. Cultivation is intensive. The valley areas have fertile and rich soil. There is intensive cultivation on terraced hill slopes, but irrigation facilities are deficient. The Siwalik Range which forms the southern foothills of the Himalayas, slopes down into a boulder bed called 'bhadhar'.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the capital of this state?

Context: Lucknow

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what rivers are found here?

Context: Thirty-two rivers, including the Ganges and Yamuna among others

Question: what plants are found here?

Answer: Mostly moist deciduous trees, and also scrubland vegatation like babool, medicinal ones like astringent etc.

Uttar Pradesh [SEP] Flora and fauna

Medicinal plants are found in the wild and are also grown in plantations. The Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands support cattle. Moist deciduous trees grow in the upper Gangetic plain, especially along its riverbanks. This plain supports a wide variety of plants and animals. The Ganges and its tributaries are the habitat of large and small reptiles, amphibians, fresh-water fish, and crabs. Scrubland trees such as the Babool ("Vachellia nilotica") and animals such as the Chinkara ("Gazella bennettii") are found in the arid Vindhyas. Notable indigenous trees are the astringent "Azadirachta indica", or "neem", which is widely used in rural Indian herbal medicine and the luxuriant "Ficus religiosa", or "peepul", consider the tree to be sacred by Hindu and Jain ascetics as this is the tree under which Gautama Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the capital of this state?

Context: Lucknow

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what rivers are found here?

Context: what plants are found here?

Context: Mostly moist deciduous trees, and also scrubland vegatation like babool, medicinal ones like astringent etc.

Question: name a few rulers who ruled this state in the historical days.

Answer: Harshavardhana, Sher Shah Suri and Akbar are some of them

Explanation: In 1540 an Afghan, Sher Shah Suri, took over the reins of Uttar Pradesh after defeating the Mughal king Humanyun. Sher Shah and his son Islam Shah ruled Uttar Pradesh from their capital at Gwalior. After the death of Islam Shah Suri, his prime minister Hemu became the "de facto" ruler of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and the western parts of Bengal. He was bestowed the title of "Hemchandra Vikramaditya" (title of Vikramāditya adopted from Vedic Period) at his formal coronation took place at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556. A month later, Hemu died in the Second Battle of Panipat, and Uttar Pradesh came under Emperor Akbar's rule. Akbar ruled from Agra and Fatehpur Sikri.

Uttar Pradesh [SEP] Medieval and early modern period

After the death of Islam Shah Suri, his prime minister Hemu became the "de facto" ruler of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and the western parts of Bengal. He was bestowed the title of "Hemchandra Vikramaditya" (title of Vikramāditya adopted from Vedic Period) at his formal coronation took place at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556. A month later, Hemu died in the Second Battle of Panipat, and Uttar Pradesh came under Emperor Akbar's rule. Akbar ruled from Agra and Fatehpur Sikri. In the 18th century, after the fall of Mughal authority, the power vacuum was filled by the Maratha Empire, in the mid-18th century, the Maratha army invaded the Uttar Pradesh region, which resulted in Rohillas losing control of Rohilkhand to the Maratha forces led by Raghunath Rao and Malharao Holkar.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the capital of this state?

Context: Lucknow

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what rivers are found here?

Context: what plants are found here?

Context: name a few rulers who ruled this state in the historical days.

Context: Harshavardhana, Sher Shah Suri and Akbar are some of them

Question: from which years did the second ruler mentioned above ruled the state?

Answer: From 1538 till his death in 1545.

Sher Shah Suri [SEP] Introduction

Sher Shah Suri (1486 – 22 May 1545), born Farīd Khān, was the founder of the Suri Empire in India, with its capital in Sasaram in modern-day Bihar. He introduced the currency of rupee. An ethnic Afghan, Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1538. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah became his successor. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal army under Babur and then the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Shah overran the state of Bengal and established the Suri dynasty.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the capital of this state?

Context: Lucknow

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what rivers are found here?

Context: what plants are found here?

Context: from which years did the second ruler mentioned above ruled the state?

Context: From 1538 till his death in 1545.

Question: and from which years did the third ruler ruled the region?

Answer: From 1556 to 1605

Akbar [SEP] Introduction

Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (Persian: ; October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great, ("Akbar-i-azam" ), and also as Akbar I (), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India. A strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include much of the Indian subcontinent. His power and influence, however, extended over the entire subcontinent because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance. To unify the vast Mughal state, Akbar established a centralised system of administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the capital of this state?

Context: Lucknow

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what rivers are found here?

Context: what plants are found here?

Context: From 1538 till his death in 1545.

Context: and from which years did the third ruler ruled the region?

Context: From 1556 to 1605

Question: what was the third ruler's contribution to the region?

Answer: Political and economic consolidation, commercial expansion and greater patronage of culture

Explanation: Mughal India developed a strong and stable economy, leading to commercial expansion and greater patronage of culture. Akbar himself was a patron of art and culture. He was fond of literature, and created a library of over 24,000 volumes written in Sanskrit, Urdu, Persian, Greek, Latin, Arabic and Kashmiri, staffed by many scholars, translators, artists, calligraphers, scribes, bookbinders and readers. He did much of the cataloging himself through three main groupings. Akbar also established the library of Fatehpur Sikri exclusively for women, and he decreed that schools for the education of both Muslims and Hindus should be established throughout the realm. He also encouraged bookbinding to become a high art. Holy men of many faiths, poets, architects, and artisans adorned his court from all over the world for study and discussion. Akbar's courts at Delhi, Agra, and Fatehpur Sikri became centres of the arts, letters, and learning. Timurid and Perso-Islamic culture began to merge and bl

Akbar [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the capital of this state?

Context: Lucknow

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what rivers are found here?

Context: what plants are found here?

Context: From 1538 till his death in 1545.

Context: From 1556 to 1605

Context: what was the third ruler's contribution to the region?

Context: Political and economic consolidation, commercial expansion and greater patronage of culture

Question: what metals were used to produce coins during his rule?

Answer: Gold, silver and copper

Akbar [SEP] Coins

His coins were both round and square in shape with a unique 'mehrab' (lozenge) shape coin highlighting numismatic calligraphy at its best. Akbar's portrait type gold coin (Mohur) is generally attributed to his son, Prince Salim (later Emperor Jahangir), who had rebelled and then sought reconciliation thereafter by minting and presenting his father with gold Mohur's bearing Akbar's portrait. The tolerant view of Akbar is represented by the 'Ram-Sita' silver coin type while during the latter part of Akbar's reign, we see coins portraying the concept of Akbar's newly promoted religion 'Din-e-ilahi' with the Ilahi type and Jalla Jalal-Hu type coins.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the capital of this state?

Context: Lucknow

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what rivers are found here?

Context: what plants are found here?

Context: From 1538 till his death in 1545.

Context: From 1556 to 1605

Context: what metals were used to produce coins during his rule?

Context: Gold, silver and copper

Question: is there a book written about the ruler?

Answer: The "Akbarnāma", by Abul Fazl was written during his reign.

Akbar [SEP] Akbarnāma, the "Book of Akbar"

The (), which literally means "Book of Akbar", is an official biographical account of Akbar, the third Mughal Emperor (r. 1542–1605), written in Persian. It includes vivid and detailed descriptions of his life and times. The work was commissioned by Akbar, and written by Abul Fazl, one of the "Nine Jewels" (Hindi: Navaratnas) of Akbar's royal court. It is stated that the book took seven years to be completed and the original manuscripts contained a number of paintings supporting the texts, and all the paintings represented the Mughal school of painting, and work of masters of the imperial workshop, including Basawan, whose use of portraiture in its illustrations was an innovation in Indian art.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the capital of this state?

Context: Lucknow

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what rivers are found here?

Context: what plants are found here?

Context: From 1538 till his death in 1545.

Context: From 1556 to 1605

Context: Gold, silver and copper

Context: is there a book written about the ruler?

Context: The "Akbarnāma", by Abul Fazl was written during his reign.

Question: which foreign empires he had maintained good relations with?

Answer: The British, Portuguese, French and Dutch empires

Explanation:
Vincent Arthur Smith observes that the merchant Mildenhall was employed in 1600 while the establishment of the Company was under adjustment to bear a letter from Queen Elizabeth to Akbar requesting liberty to trade in his dominions on terms as good as those enjoyed by the Portuguese.

Akbar was also visited by the French explorer Pierre Malherbe.

Akbar [SEP] Relations with other contemporary kingdoms


Question: who become the first president of south africa in 1994

Answer: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Explanation: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Nelson Mandela [SEP] Introduction

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as the president of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997. A Xhosa speaker, Mandela was born to the Thembu royal family in Mvezo, Union of South Africa.


Context: who become the first president of south africa in 1994

Context: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Question: which political movement was he associated with?

Answer: African National Congress (ANC) party

Explanation: African National Congress (ANC) party

Nelson Mandela [SEP] Introduction


Context: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Context: which political movement was he associated with?

Context: African National Congress (ANC) party

Question: was he ever imprisoned for his political views?

Answer: Yes, he was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial.

Nelson Mandela [SEP] Introduction

He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg. There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics, joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944. After the National Party's white-only government established apartheid, a system of racial segregation that privileged whites, he and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow. Mandela was appointed president of the ANC's Transvaal branch, rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People. He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial.


Context: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Context: African National Congress (ANC) party

Context: was he ever imprisoned for his political views?

Context: Yes, he was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial.

Question: when was he finally released?

Answer: 1990

Nelson Mandela [SEP] Introduction

Influenced by Marxism, he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party (SACP). Although initially committed to non-violent protest, in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government. He was arrested and imprisoned in 1962, and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment for conspiring to overthrow the state following the Rivonia Trial. Mandela served 27 years in prison, split between Robben Island, Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison. Amid growing domestic and international pressure, and with fears of a racial civil war, President F. W. de Klerk released him in 1990.


Context: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Context: African National Congress (ANC) party

Context: when was he finally released?

Question: who's he married to?

Answer: Evelyn Mase

Explanation: Evelyn Mase

Nelson Mandela [SEP] Law studies and the ANC Youth League: 1943–1949

Despite his friendships with non-blacks and communists, Mandela embraced Lembede's views, believing that black Africans should be entirely independent in their struggle for political self-determination. Deciding on the need for a youth wing to mass-mobilise Africans in opposition to their subjugation, Mandela was among a delegation that approached ANC President Alfred Bitini Xuma on the subject at his home in Sophiatown; the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) was founded on Easter Sunday 1944 in the Bantu Men's Social Centre, with Lembede as president and Mandela as a member of its executive committee. At Sisulu's house, Mandela met Evelyn Mase, a trainee nurse and ANC activist from Engcobo, Transkei.


Context: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Context: African National Congress (ANC) party

Context: when was he finally released?

Context: who's he married to?

Context: Evelyn Mase

Question: what is the most remarkable achievement of the political party you mentioned before?

Answer: A society in which people are intellectually, socially, economically and politically empowered.

African National Congress [SEP] Ideology

The ANC deems itself a force of national liberation in the post-apartheid era; it officially defines its agenda as the "National Democratic Revolution". The ANC is a member of the Socialist International. It also sets forth the redressing of socio-economic differences stemming from colonial- and apartheid-era policies as a central focus of ANC policy. The National Democratic Revolution (NDR) is described as a process through which the National Democratic Society (NDS) is achieved; a society in which people are intellectually, socially, economically and politically empowered. The drivers of the NDR are also called the motive forces and are defined as the elements within society that gain from the success of the NDR.


Context: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Context: African National Congress (ANC) party

Context: when was he finally released?

Context: who's he married to?

Context: Evelyn Mase

Context: what is the most remarkable achievement of the political party you mentioned before?

Context: A society in which people are intellectually, socially, economically and politically empowered.

Question: was it ever embroiled in controversies?

Answer: Yes, related to a series of bribes paid to companies involved in the ongoing R55 billion Arms Deal saga and accused of using government and civil society to fight its political battles against opposition parties etc

African National Congress [SEP] Corruption controversies

The most prominent corruption case involving the ANC relates to a series of bribes paid to companies involved in the ongoing R55 billion Arms Deal saga, which resulted in a long term jail sentence to then Deputy President Jacob Zuma's legal adviser Schabir Shaik. Zuma, the former South African President, was charged with fraud, bribery and corruption in the Arms Deal, but the charges were subsequently withdrawn by the National Prosecuting Authority of South Africa due to their delay in prosecution. The ANC has also been criticised for its subsequent abolition of the Scorpions, the multidisciplinary agency that investigated and prosecuted organised crime and corruption, and was heavily involved in the investigation into Zuma and Shaik.


Context: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Context: African National Congress (ANC) party

Context: when was he finally released?

Context: who's he married to?

Context: Evelyn Mase

Context: was it ever embroiled in controversies?

Context: Yes, related to a series of bribes paid to companies involved in the ongoing R55 billion Arms Deal saga and accused of using government and civil society to fight its political battles against opposition parties etc

Question: when was this party founded?

Answer: 8 January 1912

Explanation: 8 January 1912

African National Congress [SEP] Introduction

The African National Congress (ANC) is the Republic of South Africa's governing political party. It has been the ruling party of post-apartheid South Africa since the election of Nelson Mandela in the 1994 election, winning every election since then. Cyril Ramaphosa, the incumbent President of South Africa, has served as leader of the ANC since 18 December 2017. Founded on 8 January 1912 by John Langalibalele Dube in Bloemfontein as the South African Native National Congress (SANNC), its primary mission was to bring all Africans together as one people, to defend their rights and freedoms. This included giving full voting rights to black South Africans and mixed-race South Africans and, from 1948 onwards, to end the system of apartheid introduced by the Nationalist Party government after their election (by White voters only) in that year.


Context: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Context: African National Congress (ANC) party

Context: when was he finally released?

Context: who's he married to?

Context: Evelyn Mase

Context: was it ever embroiled in controversies?

Context: when was this party founded?

Context: 8 January 1912

Question: where?

Answer: Bloemfontein

Explanation: Bloemfontein


Context: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Context: African National Congress (ANC) party

Context: when was he finally released?

Context: who's he married to?

Context: Evelyn Mase

Context: was it ever embroiled in controversies?

Context: when was this party founded?

Context: 8 January 1912

Context: where?

Context: Bloemfontein

Question: who were the earliest inhabitants there?

Answer: !Orana settlement, and then a Boer settlement

Bloemfontein [SEP] Early history

Though historically a !Orana settlement, and then a Boer settlement, Bloemfontein was officially founded in 1846 as a fort by British army major Henry Douglas Warden as a British outpost in the Transoranje region, at that stage occupied by various groups of peoples including !Orana (so-called "Korana" of the ǀHõaǁʼaes, ǀHũdiǁʼaes, Einiǁʼaes and others), Cape Colony Trek Boers, Griqua (at that time known as "Baasters"), and Barolong. Warden originally chose the site largely because of its proximity to the main route to Winburg, the spacious open country, and the absence of horse sickness. Bloemfontein was the original farm of Johannes Nicolaas Brits born 21 February 1790, owner and first inhabitant of Bloemfontein.


Context: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Context: African National Congress (ANC) party

Context: when was he finally released?

Context: who's he married to?

Context: Evelyn Mase

Context: was it ever embroiled in controversies?

Context: when was this party founded?

Context: 8 January 1912

Context: where?

Context: Bloemfontein

Context: who were the earliest inhabitants there?

Context: !Orana settlement, and then a Boer settlement

Question: who were the second group of people you just mentioned?

Answer: It  refers to the descendants of the proto-Afrikaans-speaking settlers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th and much of the 19th century.

Boer [SEP] Introduction

Boer () is Dutch and Afrikaans for "farmer". In South African contexts, "Boers" () refers to the descendants of the proto-Afrikaans-speaking settlers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th and much of the 19th century. From 1652 to 1795, the Dutch East India Company controlled this area, but the United Kingdom incorporated it into the British Empire in 1806. In addition, the term "Boeren" also applied to those who left the Cape Colony during the 19th century to settle in the Orange Free State, Transvaal (together known as the Boer Republics), and to a lesser extent Natal.


Context: Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Context: African National Congress (ANC) party

Context: when was he finally released?

Context: who's he married to?

Context: Evelyn Mase

Context: was it ever embroiled in controversies?

Context: when was this party founded?

Context: 8 January 1912

Context: where?

Context: Bloemfontein

Context: who were the second group of people you just mentioned?

Context: It  refers to the descendants of the proto-Afrikaans-speaking settlers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th and much of the 19th century.

Question: how did this language get its name?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Boer [SEP] Introduction


Question: who is don bradman with the australian cricket team in england in 1948?

Answer: An Australian international cricketer

Explanation: Sir Donald George Bradman, AC (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001), nicknamed "The Don", was an Australian international cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time.

Don Bradman [SEP] Introduction

Following an enforced hiatus due to the Second World War, he made a dramatic comeback, captaining an Australian team known as "The Invincibles" on a record-breaking unbeaten tour of England.


Context: who is don bradman with the australian cricket team in england in 1948?

Context: An Australian international cricketer

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW)

Don Bradman [SEP] Early years

Donald George Bradman was the youngest son of George and Emily (née Whatman) Bradman, and was born on 27 August 1908 at Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW). He had a brother, Victor, and three sisters—Islet, Lilian and Elizabeth May. Bradman was of English heritage on both sides of his family. His grandfather Charles Andrew Bradman left Withersfield, Suffolk, for Australia. When Bradman played at Cambridge in 1930 as a 21 year old on his first tour of England, he took the opportunity to trace his forebears in the region. Also, one of his great-grandfathers was one of the first Italians to migrate to Australia in 1826.


Context: An Australian international cricketer

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW)

Question: what is the climate of this aforementioned state?

Answer: An arid to semi arid climate

New South Wales [SEP] Climate

The major part of New South Wales, west of the Great Dividing Range, has an arid to semi arid climate. Rainfall averages from a year throughout most of this region. Summer temperatures can be very hot, while winter nights can be quite cold in this region. Rainfall varies throughout the state. The far north-west receives the least, less than annually, while the east receives between of rain. The climate along the flat, coastal plain east of the range varies from oceanic in the south to humid subtropical in the northern half of the state, right above Wollongong. Rainfall is highest in this area; however, it still varies from around to as high as in the wettest areas, for example Dorrigo.


Context: An Australian international cricketer

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW)

Context: what is the climate of this aforementioned state?

Context: An arid to semi arid climate

Question: which language is spoken here?

Answer: English, Mandarin, Arabic, Cantonese , Vietnamese and Greek.

Explanation: 26.5% of people in New South Wales speak a language other than English at home with Mandarin (3.2%), Arabic (2.7%), Cantonese (1.9%), Vietnamese (1.4%) and Greek (1.1%) the most widely spoken.

New South Wales [SEP] Language


Context: An Australian international cricketer

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW)

Context: An arid to semi arid climate

Context: which language is spoken here?

Context: English, Mandarin, Arabic, Cantonese , Vietnamese and Greek.

Question: name few national parks located here.

Answer: The Royal National Park, Wollemi National Park and Mutawintji National Park.

Explanation: The National Parks Association was formed in 1957 to create a system of national parks all over New South Wales which led to the formation of the National Parks and Wildlife Service in 1967. This government agency is responsible for developing and maintaining the parks and reserve system, and conserving natural and cultural heritage, in the state of New South Wales. These parks preserve special habitats, plants and wildlife, such as the Wollemi National Park where the Wollemi Pine grows and areas sacred to Australian Aboriginals such as Mutawintji National Park in western New South Wales.

New South Wales [SEP] National parks

New South Wales has more than 780 national parks and reserves covering more than 8% of the state. These parks range from rainforests, waterfalls, rugged bush to marine wonderlands and outback deserts, including World Heritage sites. The Royal National Park on the southern outskirts of Sydney became Australia's first National Park when proclaimed on 26 April 1879. Originally named The National Park until 1955, this park was the second National Park to be established in the world after Yellowstone National Park in the U.S. Kosciuszko National Park is the largest park in state encompassing New South Wales' alpine region. The National Parks Association was formed in 1957 to create a system of national parks all over New South Wales which led to the formation of the National Parks and Wildlife Service in 1967.


Context: An Australian international cricketer

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW)

Context: An arid to semi arid climate

Context: which language is spoken here?

Context: name few national parks located here.

Context: The Royal National Park, Wollemi National Park and Mutawintji National Park.

Question: what are some features of the latter mentioned park?

Answer: The rugged, mulga-clad Byngnano Range is dissected by colourful gorges, rockpools and creek beds lined with red gums.

Mutawintji National Park [SEP] Features and location

The rugged, mulga-clad Byngnano Range is dissected by colourful gorges, rockpools and creek beds lined with red gums. Scattered among the caves and overhangs are Aboriginal rock art and engravings. In 1979, the Foundation for National Parks & Wildlife purchased and fenced , in the Coturaundee Ranges, now part of Mutawintji National Park, for the conservation and protection of the yellow-footed rock wallaby. Follow-up funding of fox eradication in the reserve ensured the survival of this last population of yellow-footed rock-wallabies in New South Wales.


Context: An Australian international cricketer

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW)

Context: An arid to semi arid climate

Context: which language is spoken here?

Context: name few national parks located here.

Context: what are some features of the latter mentioned park?

Context: The rugged, mulga-clad Byngnano Range is dissected by colourful gorges, rockpools and creek beds lined with red gums.

Question: where is the location of this park?

Answer: Located in the Far West region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia.

Mutawintji National Park [SEP] Introduction

The Mutawintji National Park, formerly the Mootwingee National Park, is a protected national park that is located in the Far West region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The national park is situated approximately west of Sydney and about north-east of .


Context: An Australian international cricketer

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW)

Context: An arid to semi arid climate

Context: which language is spoken here?

Context: name few national parks located here.

Context: where is the location of this park?

Context: Located in the Far West region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia.

Question: what is the geology of the second mentioned park?

Answer: It sits on four strata of sedimentary rock; the Narrabeen and Hawkesbury sandstone and shale, the Illawarra and Singleton Permian coal measures and the Wianamatta shales.

Wollemi National Park [SEP] Geology

The Wollemi National Park is located on the western edge of the Sydney Basin. It sits on four strata of sedimentary rock; the Narrabeen and Hawkesbury sandstone and shale, the Illawarra and Singleton Permian coal measures and the Wianamatta shales. The strata at this area of the Sydney Basin have an upwards tilt to the north-west. Throughout most of the park the Hawkesbury and Wianamatta series have been eroded away exposing the Narrabeen group. The landscape of the park is dominated by deep valleys, canyons, cliffs and waterfalls, formed by the weathering of the sandstone and claystone the Narrabeen group consists of.


Context: An Australian international cricketer

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW)

Context: An arid to semi arid climate

Context: which language is spoken here?

Context: name few national parks located here.

Context: where is the location of this park?

Context: what is the geology of the second mentioned park?

Context: It sits on four strata of sedimentary rock; the Narrabeen and Hawkesbury sandstone and shale, the Illawarra and Singleton Permian coal measures and the Wianamatta shales.

Question: what is its biology?

Answer: 90% of it has over 70 species of Eucalypt recorded and 10% comprises of rainforest, heath and grassland.

Wollemi National Park [SEP] Biology and ecology

Eucalypt dominated open forests comprise 90% of Wollemi National Park, with over 70 species of Eucalypt recorded. The remaining 10% of the National Park comprises rainforest, heath and grassland. The variety of habitats within Wollemi National Park allow for large diversity in animals. 58 reptile species, 38 frog species, 235 bird species and 46 mammal species have been recorded in the park. The only known living wild specimens of the Wollemi Pine ("Wollemia nobilis"), a species thought to have become extinct on the mainland approximately thirty million years ago, were discovered in three small stands within deep canyons in 1994.


Context: An Australian international cricketer

Context: where was he born?

Context: Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW)

Context: An arid to semi arid climate

Context: which language is spoken here?

Context: name few national parks located here.

Context: where is the location of this park?

Context: what is its biology?

Context: 90% of it has over 70 species of Eucalypt recorded and 10% comprises of rainforest, heath and grassland.

Question: what is this last mentioned land type?

Answer: Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae).

Grassland [SEP] Introduction

Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica and are found in most ecoregions of the Earth. Furthermore, grasslands are one of the largest biomes on earth and dominate the landscape worldwide. They cover 31-43% of the earth's surface. There are different types of grasslands: natural grasslands, semi-natural grasslands, and agricultural grasslands.


Question: why olympic games are regarded as global events

Answer: Thousands of athletes from around the world participate in the competitions from more than 200 nations.

Explanation: The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are normally held every four years, alternating between the Summer and Winter Olympics every two years in the four-year period.

Olympic Games [SEP] Introduction

The IOC has needed to adapt to a variety of economic, political, and technological advancements. The abuse of amateur rules by the Eastern Bloc nations prompted the IOC to shift away from pure amateurism, as envisioned by Coubertin, to the acceptance of professional athletes participating at the Games. The growing importance of mass media has created the issue of corporate sponsorship and general commercialisation of the Games. World wars led to the cancellation of the 1916, 1940, and 1944 Olympics; large-scale boycotts during the Cold War limited participation in the 1980 and 1984 Olympics; and the 2020 Olympics were postponed until 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.


Context: why olympic games are regarded as global events

Context: Thousands of athletes from around the world participate in the competitions from more than 200 nations.

Question: when did these games start?

Answer: 1896

Olympic Games [SEP] Introduction

The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are normally held every four years, alternating between the Summer and Winter Olympics every two years in the four-year period. Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games (), held in Olympia, Greece from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, leading to the first modern Games in Athens in 1896.


Context: when did these games start?

Question: how does it benefit host cities?

Answer: It increases the host country's exports, as the host or candidate country sends a signal about trade openness when bidding to host the Games. It has a strong positive effect on the philanthropic contributions of corporations headquartered in the host city, which seems to benefit the local nonprofit sector.

Explanation: Many economists are sceptical about the economic benefits of hosting the Olympic Games, emphasising that such "mega-events" often have large costs while yielding relatively few tangible benefits in the long run. Conversely hosting (or even bidding for) the Olympics appears to increase the host country's exports, as the host or candidate country sends a signal about trade openness when bidding to host the Games. Moreover, research suggests that hosting the Summer Olympics has a strong positive effect on the philanthropic contributions of corporations headquartered in the host city, which seems to benefit the local nonprofit sector. This positive effect begins in the years leading up to the Games and might persist for several years afterwards, although not permanently. This finding suggests that hosting the Olympics might create opportunities for cities to influence local corporations in ways that benefit the local nonprofit sector and civil society.

Olympic Games [SEP] Economic and social impact on host cities and countries


Context: when did these games start?

Context: how does it benefit host cities?

Context: It increases the host country's exports, as the host or candidate country sends a signal about trade openness when bidding to host the Games. It has a strong positive effect on the philanthropic contributions of corporations headquartered in the host city, which seems to benefit the local nonprofit sector.

Question: have there been any incidents of boycott?

Answer: Yes - There were three boycotts of the 1956 Melbourne Olympics: the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland refused to attend because of the repression of the Hungarian uprising by the Soviet Union.

Explanation:
There were three boycotts of the 1956 Melbourne Olympics: the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland refused to attend because of the repression of the Hungarian uprising by the Soviet Union, but did send an equestrian delegation to Stockholm; Cambodia, Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon boycotted the Games because of the Suez Crisis; and the People's Republic of China boycotted the Games due to the participation of the Republic of China, composed of athletes coming from Taiwan.

In 1972 and 1976 a large number of African countries threatened the IOC with a boycott to force them to ban South Africa and Rhodesia, because of their segregationist rule. New Zealand was also one of the African boycott targets, because its national rugby union team had toured apartheid-ruled South Africa. The IOC conceded in the first two cases, but refused to ban New Zealand on the grounds that rugby was not an Olympic sport. Fulfilling their threat, twenty African countries were joined by Guyana and Iraq in a withdrawa

Olympic Games [SEP] Boycotts

Greece, Australia, France, and United Kingdom are the only countries to be represented at every Olympic Games since their inception in 1896. While countries sometimes miss an Olympics due to a lack of qualified athletes, some choose to boycott a celebration of the Games for various reasons. The Olympic Council of Ireland boycotted the 1936 Berlin Games, because the IOC insisted its team needed to be restricted to the Irish Free State rather than representing the entire island of Ireland. There were three boycotts of the 1956 Melbourne Olympics: the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland refused to attend because of the repression of the Hungarian uprising by the Soviet Union, but did send an equestrian delegation to Stockholm; Cambodia, Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon boycotted the Games because of the Suez Crisis; and the People's Republic of China boycotted the Games due to the participation of the Republic of China, composed of athletes coming from Taiwan.


Context: when did these games start?

Context: how does it benefit host cities?

Context: have there been any incidents of boycott?

Context: Yes - There were three boycotts of the 1956 Melbourne Olympics: the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland refused to attend because of the repression of the Hungarian uprising by the Soviet Union.

Question: are there any doping incidents?

Answer: Yes -  Russia has had 44 Olympic medals stripped for doping violations – the most of any country

Explanation:
Doping in Russian sports has a systemic nature. Russia has had 44 Olympic medals stripped for doping violations – the most of any country, more than three times the number of the runner-up, and more than a quarter of the global total. From 2011 to 2015, more than a thousand Russian competitors in various sports, including summer, winter, and Paralympic sports, benefited from a cover-up. Russia was partially banned from the 2016 Summer Olympics and was banned from the 2018 Winter Olympics (while being allowed to participate as the Olympic Athletes from Russia) due to the state-sponsored doping programme.

In December 2019, Russia was banned for four years from all major sporting events for systematic doping and lying to WADA. The ban was issued by WADA on 9 December 2019, and the Russian anti-doping agency RUSADA had 21 days to make an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). The ban means that Russian athletes will not be allowed to compete under the Olympic flag. Russia is

Olympic Games [SEP] Russian doping scandal


Context: when did these games start?

Context: how does it benefit host cities?

Context: are there any doping incidents?

Context: Yes -  Russia has had 44 Olympic medals stripped for doping violations – the most of any country

Question: who organizes these events?

Answer: International Olympic Committee (IOC)

International Olympic Committee [SEP] Introduction

The International Olympic Committee (IOC; , CIO) is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas in 1894, it is the authority responsible for organising the modern Summer and Winter Olympic Games. The IOC is the governing body of the National Olympic Committees (NOCs), which are the national constituents of the worldwide Olympic Movement. As of 2016, there are 206 NOCs officially recognised by the IOC. The current president of the IOC is Thomas Bach of Germany, who succeeded Jacques Rogge of Belgium in September 2013.


Context: when did these games start?

Context: how does it benefit host cities?

Context: are there any doping incidents?

Context: who organizes these events?

Context: International Olympic Committee (IOC)

Question: what is its mission?

Answer: To promote the Olympics throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement:

Explanation: The stated mission of the IOC is to promote the Olympics throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement:

International Olympic Committee [SEP] Mission and roles


Context: when did these games start?

Context: how does it benefit host cities?

Context: are there any doping incidents?

Context: who organizes these events?

Context: International Olympic Committee (IOC)

Context: what is its mission?

Context: To promote the Olympics throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement:

Question: who are its members?

Answer: Thomas Bach

Explanation: The current president of the IOC is Thomas Bach of Germany, who succeeded Jacques Rogge of Belgium in September 2013.


Context: when did these games start?

Context: how does it benefit host cities?

Context: are there any doping incidents?

Context: who organizes these events?

Context: International Olympic Committee (IOC)

Context: what is its mission?

Context: who are its members?

Context: Thomas Bach

Question: what is his designation there?

Answer: President

Explanation: Thomas Bach, (born 29 December 1953) is a German lawyer and former Olympic fencer. Bach is the ninth and current President of the International Olympic Committee, and a former member of the German Olympic Sports Confederation Executive Board.

Thomas Bach [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did these games start?

Context: how does it benefit host cities?

Context: are there any doping incidents?

Context: who organizes these events?

Context: International Olympic Committee (IOC)

Context: what is its mission?

Context: who are its members?

Context: Thomas Bach

Context: what is his designation there?

Context: President

Question: when did he become one?

Answer: September 2013.


Context: when did these games start?

Context: how does it benefit host cities?

Context: are there any doping incidents?

Context: who organizes these events?

Context: International Olympic Committee (IOC)

Context: what is its mission?

Context: who are its members?

Context: Thomas Bach

Context: what is his designation there?

Context: President

Context: when did he become one?

Context: September 2013.

Question: were there any other people contesting the election?

Answer: Yes- Sergey Bubka, Richard Carrión, Ng Ser Miang, Denis Oswald and Wu Ching-Kuo.

Explanation:
Bach was elected to an eight-year term as IOC President at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires on 10 September 2013. He secured 49 votes in the final round of voting, giving him the majority needed to be elected. He succeeds Jacques Rogge who served as IOC President from 2001 to 2013. Bach will be eligible to run for a second four-year term at the 134th IOC Session in 2019 until 2025.

Bach's successful election came against five other candidates, Sergey Bubka, Richard Carrión, Ng Ser Miang, Denis Oswald and Wu Ching-Kuo. The result of the election was as follows:

Bach officially moved into the IOC presidential office at the IOC headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 17 September 2013, a week after being elected President.

Thomas Bach [SEP] 2013 IOC Presidential Election


Question: who were the beatles before they were the beatles

Answer: Silver Beatles

Explanation: Silver Beatles

The Beatles [SEP] 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity

By early July, they had refashioned themselves as the Silver Beatles, and by the middle of August shortened the name to "the Beatles". Allan Williams, the Beatles' unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, and for this they auditioned and hired drummer Pete Best in mid-August 1960. The band, now a five-piece, departed Liverpool for Hamburg four days later, contracted to club owner Bruno Koschmider for what would be a 3½-month residency. Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn writes: "They pulled into Hamburg at dusk on 17 August, the time when the red-light area comes to life ... flashing neon lights screamed out the various entertainment on offer, while scantily clad women sat unabashed in shop windows waiting for business opportunities."


Context: who were the beatles before they were the beatles

Context: Silver Beatles

Question: who formed this band?

Answer: John Lennon

1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity

Explanation: John Lennon

In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a skiffle group with several friends from Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that another local group were already using the name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined them as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he and Lennon met that July. In February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fifteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, but Lennon initially thought Harrison was too young for the band. After a month of Harrison's persistence, during a second meeting (arranged by McCartney), he performed the lead guitar part of the instrumental song "Raunchy" on the upper deck of a Liverpool bus, and they enlisted him as their lead guitarist.


Context: Silver Beatles

Context: who formed this band?

Context: John Lennon

Question: which instruments did he play?

Answer: Harmonica, banjo, electric guitars, six-string bass guitars, piano, etc

Explanation: harmonica

John Lennon [SEP] Instruments played

Lennon played a mouth organ during a bus journey to visit his cousin in Scotland; the music caught the driver's ear. Impressed, the driver told Lennon of a harmonica he could have if he came to Edinburgh the following day, where one had been stored in the bus depot since a passenger had left it on a bus. The professional instrument quickly replaced Lennon's toy. He would continue to play the harmonica, often using the instrument during the Beatles' Hamburg years, and it became a signature sound in the group's early recordings. His mother taught him how to play the banjo, later buying him an acoustic guitar.


Context: Silver Beatles

Context: who formed this band?

Context: John Lennon

Context: which instruments did he play?

Context: Harmonica, banjo, electric guitars, six-string bass guitars, piano, etc

Question: how did he die?

Answer: He was shot twice in the back and twice in the shoulder at close range.

John Lennon [SEP] 8 December 1980: Murder

At approximately 5:00 p.m. on 8 December 1980, Lennon autographed a copy of "Double Fantasy" for fan Mark David Chapman before leaving The Dakota with Ono for a recording session at the Record Plant. After the session, Lennon and Ono returned to their Manhattan apartment in a limousine at around 10:50p.m. EST. They exited the vehicle and walked through the archway of the building when Chapman shot Lennon twice in the back and twice in the shoulder at close range. Lennon was rushed in a police cruiser to the emergency room of Roosevelt Hospital, where he was pronounced dead on arrival at 11:00p.m.


Context: Silver Beatles

Context: who formed this band?

Context: John Lennon

Context: which instruments did he play?

Context: how did he die?

Context: He was shot twice in the back and twice in the shoulder at close range.

Question: who killed him?

Answer: Mark David Chapman

Explanation: Mark David Chapman


Context: Silver Beatles

Context: who formed this band?

Context: John Lennon

Context: which instruments did he play?

Context: how did he die?

Context: who killed him?

Context: Mark David Chapman

Question: what was this killer's motive?

Answer: Murder

Explanation: murder

(EST). Ono issued a statement the next day, saying "There is no funeral for John", ending it with the words, "John loved and prayed for the human race. Please do the same for him." His remains were cremated at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. Ono scattered his ashes in New York's Central Park, where the Strawberry Fields memorial was later created. Chapman avoided going to trial when he ignored his attorney's advice and pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was sentenced to 20-years-to-life. In the weeks following the murder, "(Just Like) Starting Over" and "Double Fantasy" topped the charts in the UK and the US.


Context: Silver Beatles

Context: who formed this band?

Context: John Lennon

Context: which instruments did he play?

Context: how did he die?

Context: who killed him?

Context: Mark David Chapman

Context: what was this killer's motive?

Context: Murder

Question: where is he imprisoned?

Answer: Attica Correctional Facility

Mark David Chapman [SEP] Imprisonment

In 1981, Chapman was imprisoned at Attica Correctional Facility outside of Buffalo, New York. He fasted for 26 days in February 1982, so the New York State Supreme Court authorized the state to force feed him. Central New York Psychiatric Center director Martin Von Holden said that Chapman refused to eat with other inmates but agreed to take liquid nutrients. He was confined to a special handling unit (SHU) for violent and at-risk prisoners, in part due to concern that he might be harmed by Lennon's fans in the general population. There were 105 prisoners in the building who were "not considered a threat to him," according to the New York State Department of Correctional Services.


Context: Silver Beatles

Context: who formed this band?

Context: John Lennon

Context: which instruments did he play?

Context: how did he die?

Context: who killed him?

Context: Mark David Chapman

Context: what was this killer's motive?

Context: Murder

Context: where is he imprisoned?

Context: Attica Correctional Facility

Question: has any riot happened at this facility?

Answer: Yes, it was the site of a prison riot in 1971.

Attica Correctional Facility [SEP] Riots

Attica was the site of a prison riot in 1971 which resulted in 43 deaths, of which 33 were convicts and ten were correctional officers and civilian employees.


Context: Silver Beatles

Context: who formed this band?

Context: John Lennon

Context: which instruments did he play?

Context: how did he die?

Context: who killed him?

Context: Mark David Chapman

Context: what was this killer's motive?

Context: Murder

Context: where is he imprisoned?

Context: Attica Correctional Facility

Context: has any riot happened at this facility?

Context: Yes, it was the site of a prison riot in 1971.

Question: what are some of the famous albums of the band?

Answer: Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band etc

The Beatles [SEP] Introduction

By early 1964, the Beatles were international stars, leading the "British Invasion" of the United States pop market and breaking numerous sales records. They soon made their film debut with "A Hard Day's Night" (1964). From 1965 onwards, they produced records of greater complexity, including the albums "Rubber Soul" (1965), "Revolver" (1966) and "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" (1967), and enjoyed further commercial success with "The Beatles" (also known as "the White Album", 1968) and "Abbey Road" (1969). In 1968, they founded Apple Corps, a multi-armed multimedia corporation that continues to oversee projects related to the band's legacy. After the group's break-up in 1970, all four members enjoyed success as solo artists.


Context: Silver Beatles

Context: who formed this band?

Context: John Lennon

Context: which instruments did he play?

Context: how did he die?

Context: who killed him?

Context: Mark David Chapman

Context: what was this killer's motive?

Context: Murder

Context: where is he imprisoned?

Context: Attica Correctional Facility

Context: has any riot happened at this facility?

Context: what are some of the famous albums of the band?

Context: Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band etc

Question: did the band get involved in any controversy?

Answer: Yes, in June 1966, the Capitol LP "Yesterday and Today" caused an uproar with its cover, which portrayed the grinning Beatles dressed in butcher's overalls, accompanied by raw meat and mutilated plastic baby dolls.

The Beatles [SEP] Controversies, "Revolver" and final tour

Capitol Records, from December 1963 when it began issuing Beatles recordings for the US market, exercised complete control over format, compiling distinct US albums from the band's recordings and issuing songs of their choosing as singles. In June 1966, the Capitol LP "Yesterday and Today" caused an uproar with its cover, which portrayed the grinning Beatles dressed in butcher's overalls, accompanied by raw meat and mutilated plastic baby dolls. According to Beatles biographer Bill Harry, it has been incorrectly suggested that this was meant as a satirical response to the way Capitol had "butchered" the US versions of the band's albums.


Context: Silver Beatles

Context: who formed this band?

Context: John Lennon

Context: which instruments did he play?

Context: how did he die?

Context: who killed him?

Context: Mark David Chapman

Context: what was this killer's motive?

Context: Murder

Context: where is he imprisoned?

Context: Attica Correctional Facility

Context: has any riot happened at this facility?

Context: did the band get involved in any controversy?

Context: Yes, in June 1966, the Capitol LP "Yesterday and Today" caused an uproar with its cover, which portrayed the grinning Beatles dressed in butcher's overalls, accompanied by raw meat and mutilated plastic baby dolls.

Question: who was the photographer for this cover?

Answer: Robert Whitaker

Explanation: Robert Whitaker

Yesterday and Today [SEP] Introduction

"Yesterday and Today" is remembered primarily for the controversy surrounding its original cover image. Known as the "butcher cover", it was taken by photographer Robert Whitaker and shows the band dressed in white coats and covered with decapitated baby dolls and pieces of raw meat. Although the photo was intended to be part of a larger work critiquing the adulation afforded the Beatles, the band members insisted it was a statement against the Vietnam War. Others interpreted it as the Beatles protesting the record company's policy of "butchering" their albums for the North American market. In response to outrage from record retailers, the LP was withdrawn and the cover replaced with a shot of the band posed around a steam trunk.


Context: Silver Beatles

Context: who formed this band?

Context: John Lennon

Context: which instruments did he play?

Context: how did he die?

Context: who killed him?

Context: Mark David Chapman

Context: what was this killer's motive?

Context: Murder

Context: where is he imprisoned?

Context: Attica Correctional Facility

Context: has any riot happened at this facility?

Context: who was the photographer for this cover?

Context: Robert Whitaker

Question: what are some of the songs from the first album you mentioned?

Answer: Drive My Car, Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown), You Won't See Me, Nowhere Man etc

Explanation: Drive My Car

Rubber Soul [SEP] "Drive My Car"

The album opens with a pair of lead guitar parts that are soon rendered off-metre by the arrival of McCartney's bass. "Drive My Car" is a McCartney composition with substantial contribution from Lennon with the lyrics. Harrison, as the Beatles' most knowledgeable soul-music enthusiast, contributed heavily to the recording by suggesting they arrange the song with a dual guitar–bass riff in the style of Otis Redding's contemporary single "Respect". In their joint lead vocals, McCartney and Lennon sing dissonant harmonies, a quality that is furthered by Harrison's entrance and signifies what Everett terms a "new jazzy sophistication … in the vocal arrangement".


Context: Silver Beatles

Context: who formed this band?

Context: John Lennon

Context: which instruments did he play?

Context: how did he die?

Context: who killed him?

Context: Mark David Chapman

Context: what was this killer's motive?

Context: Murder

Context: where is he imprisoned?

Context: Attica Correctional Facility

Context: has any riot happened at this facility?

Context: Robert Whitaker

Context: what are some of the songs from the first album you mentioned?

Context: Drive My Car, Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown), You Won't See Me, Nowhere Man etc

Question: what were some of the responses from its rivals about this album?

Answer: Music historian Bill Martin says that the release of "Rubber Soul" was a "turning point" for pop music, Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys described it as the first album listened to where every song was a gas and planned his band's next project as an attempt to surpass it etc

Rubber Soul [SEP] Rivals' response

Music historian Bill Martin says that the release of "Rubber Soul" was a "turning point" for pop music, in that for the first time "the "album" rather than the song became the basic unit of artistic production." In author David Howard's description, "pop's stakes had been raised into the stratosphere" by "Rubber Soul", resulting in a shift in focus from singles to creating albums without the usual filler tracks. The release marked the start of a period when other artists, in an attempt to emulate the Beatles' achievement, sought to create albums as works of artistic merit and with increasingly novel sounds.


Question: what is united states capitol cornerstone laying?

Answer: It was the ceremonial placement of the cornerstone of the United States Capitol

United States Capitol cornerstone laying [SEP] Introduction

The United States Capitol cornerstone laying was the ceremonial placement of the cornerstone of the United States Capitol on September 18, 1793. The cornerstone was laid by president of the United States George Washington, assisted by the Grand Master of Maryland Joseph Clark, in a Masonic ritual. Many of the items of ritual paraphernalia used in the cornerstone ceremony have been repurposed and are currently used for the placement of foundation stones at other important buildings in the greater Washington area. Centennial and bicentennial observances of the U.S. Capitol cornerstone laying were held in 1893 and 1993, respectively, and a tricentennial observance of the ritual has been announced for 2093.


Context: what is united states capitol cornerstone laying?

Context: It was the ceremonial placement of the cornerstone of the United States Capitol

Question: who designed this capitol building?

Answer: William Thornton

United States Capitol [SEP] Design competition

A late entry by amateur architect William Thornton was submitted on January 31, 1793, to much praise for its "Grandeur, Simplicity, and Beauty" by Washington, along with praise from Thomas Jefferson. Thornton was inspired by the east front of the Louvre, as well as the Paris Pantheon for the center portion of the design. Thornton's design was officially approved in a letter dated April 5, 1793, from Washington, and Thornton served as the first Architect of the Capitol (and later first Superintendent of the United States Patent and Trademark Office). In an effort to console Hallet, the commissioners appointed him to review Thornton's plans, develop cost estimates, and serve as superintendent of construction.


Context: who designed this capitol building?

Context: William Thornton

Question: what is its interior like?

Answer: The Capitol building is marked by its central dome above a rotunda in the central section of the structure  containing the two original smaller meeting chambers for the Senate and the House of Representatives and then flanked by two further extended wings, one also for each chamber of the larger

Explanation: The Capitol building is marked by its central dome above a rotunda in the central section of the structure (which also includes the older original smaller center flanked by the two original (designed 1793, occupied 1800) smaller two wings (inner north) and inner south) containing the two original smaller meeting chambers for the Senate and the House of Representatives (between 1800 and late 1850s) and then flanked by two further extended (newer) wings, one also for each chamber of the larger, more populous Congress: the new north wing is the Senate chamber and the new south wing is the House of Representatives chamber.

United States Capitol [SEP] Interior


Context: who designed this capitol building?

Context: William Thornton

Context: what is its interior like?

Context: The Capitol building is marked by its central dome above a rotunda in the central section of the structure  containing the two original smaller meeting chambers for the Senate and the House of Representatives and then flanked by two further extended wings, one also for each chamber of the larger

Question: how many chambers does this building have?

Answer: Two

Explanation: The original building was completed in 1800. Although the Capitol was temporarily rendered unusable as a consequence of the 1814 burning of Washington, the building was fully restored within five years. The building was later enlarged, with the addition of a massive dome, and extended wings with expanded chambers for the bicameral legislature, the House of Representatives in the south wing and the Senate in the north wing. Like the principal buildings of the executive and judicial branches, the Capitol is built in a distinctive neoclassical style and has a white exterior. Both its east and west elevations are formally referred to as "fronts", though only the east front was intended for the reception of visitors and dignitaries.

United States Capitol [SEP] Introduction

The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol Building, is the meeting place of the United States Congress and the seat of the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government. It is located on Capitol Hill at the eastern end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.. Though no longer at the geographic center of the federal district, the Capitol forms the origin point for the district's street-numbering system and the district's four quadrants. The original building was completed in 1800. Although the Capitol was temporarily rendered unusable as a consequence of the 1814 burning of Washington, the building was fully restored within five years.


Context: who designed this capitol building?

Context: William Thornton

Context: what is its interior like?

Context: how many chambers does this building have?

Context: Two

Question: where was this aforementioned designer born?

Answer: Jost Van Dyke in the British Virgin Islands, West Indies

William Thornton [SEP] Early life

From an early age William Thornton displayed interest and discernible talent in "the arts of design," to employ an 18th-century term that is particularly useful in assessing his career. Thornton was born on Jost Van Dyke in the British Virgin Islands, West Indies, in a Quaker community. where he was heir to sugar plantations. He was sent to England at age five to be educated. Frary Thornton was brought up strictly by his father's relations, Quakers and merchants, in and near the ancient castle town of Lancaster, in northern Lancashire, England. There was never any question of his pursuing the fine arts professionally—he was to be trained for a useful life, according to the Quaker ways.


Context: who designed this capitol building?

Context: William Thornton

Context: what is its interior like?

Context: Two

Context: where was this aforementioned designer born?

Context: Jost Van Dyke in the British Virgin Islands, West Indies

Question: what were some careers he pursued?

Answer: Physician, inventor, painter and architect

William Thornton [SEP] Introduction

Dr. William Thornton (May 20, 1759 – March 28, 1828) was a British-American physician, inventor, painter and architect who designed the United States Capitol. He also served as the first Architect of the Capitol and first Superintendent of the United States Patent Office.


Context: who designed this capitol building?

Context: William Thornton

Context: what is its interior like?

Context: Two

Context: what were some careers he pursued?

Context: Physician, inventor, painter and architect

Question: what is the origin behind the last mentioned career?

Answer: Throughout ancient and medieval history, most of the architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans—such as stone masons and carpenters, until modern times, there was no clear distinction between architect and engineer

Architect [SEP] Origins

Throughout ancient and medieval history, most of the architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans—such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Until modern times, there was no clear distinction between architect and engineer. In Europe, the titles "architect" and "engineer" were primarily geographical variations that referred to the same person, often used interchangeably. It is suggested that various developments in technology and mathematics allowed the development of the professional 'gentleman' architect, separate from the hands-on craftsman. Paper was not used in Europe for drawing until the 15th century but became increasingly available after 1500.


Context: who designed this capitol building?

Context: William Thornton

Context: what is its interior like?

Context: Two

Context: what were some careers he pursued?

Context: what is the origin behind the last mentioned career?

Context: Throughout ancient and medieval history, most of the architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans—such as stone masons and carpenters, until modern times, there was no clear distinction between architect and engineer

Question: what is the environmental role of this career?

Answer: As current buildings are now known to be high emitters of carbon into the atmosphere and renewable energy sources may be developed within the proposed building or via local or national renewable energy providers, thus,  the architect is required to remain abreast of current regulations that are continually tightening

Architect [SEP] Environmental role

As current buildings are now known to be high emitters of carbon into the atmosphere, increasing controls are being placed on buildings and associated technology to reduce emissions, increase energy efficiency, and make use of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources may be developed within the proposed building or via local or national renewable energy providers. As a result, the architect is required to remain abreast of current regulations that are continually tightening. Some new developments exhibit extremely low energy use. However, the architect is also increasingly required to provide initiatives in a wider environmental sense, such as making provision for low-energy transport, natural daylighting instead of artificial lighting, natural ventilation instead of air conditioning, pollution, and waste management, use of recycled materials and employment of materials which can be easily recycled in the future.


Context: who designed this capitol building?

Context: William Thornton

Context: what is its interior like?

Context: Two

Context: what were some careers he pursued?

Context: what is the environmental role of this career?

Context: As current buildings are now known to be high emitters of carbon into the atmosphere and renewable energy sources may be developed within the proposed building or via local or national renewable energy providers, thus,  the architect is required to remain abreast of current regulations that are continually tightening

Question: what is the history behind the place located in the british islands?

Answer: It is generally thought that the Virgin Islands were first settled by the Arawak from South America around 100 BC-200 AD, though there is some evidence of Amerindian presence on the islands as far back as 1500 BC

British Virgin Islands [SEP] History

It is generally thought that the Virgin Islands were first settled by the Arawak from South America around 100 BC-200 AD, though there is some evidence of Amerindian presence on the islands as far back as 1500 BC. The Arawaks inhabited the islands until the 15th century when they were displaced by the more aggressive Caribs, a tribe from the Lesser Antilles islands. The first European sighting of the Virgin Islands was by the Spanish expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1493 on his second voyage to the Americas, who gave the islands their modern name. The Spanish Empire claimed the islands by discovery in the early 16th century, but never settled them, and subsequent years saw the English, Dutch, French, Spanish, and Danish all jostling for control of the region, which became a notorious haunt for pirates.


Context: who designed this capitol building?

Context: William Thornton

Context: what is its interior like?

Context: Two

Context: what were some careers he pursued?

Context: what is the history behind the place located in the british islands?

Context: It is generally thought that the Virgin Islands were first settled by the Arawak from South America around 100 BC-200 AD, though there is some evidence of Amerindian presence on the islands as far back as 1500 BC

Question: which hurricane hit here?

Answer: Hurricane Irma, Hurricane Danny

British Virgin Islands [SEP] Hurricane Irma

The islands were struck by Hurricane Irma on 6 September 2017, causing extensive damage, as well as four deaths. A state of emergency was declared by the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency. The most significant damage was on Tortola. The UK's then-Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson visited Tortola on 13 September 2017 and said that he was reminded of photos of Hiroshima after it had been hit by the atom bomb. By 8 September, the UK government sent troops with medical supplies and other aid. More troops were expected to arrive a day or two later, but the ship HMS Ocean, carrying more extensive assistance, was not expected to reach the islands for another two weeks, however.


Question: what purpose did seasonal monsoon winds have on trade

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Trade winds [SEP] Introduction

The trade winds or easterlies are the permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow in the Earth's equatorial region (between 30°N and 30°S latitudes). The trade winds blow predominantly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere, strengthening during the winter and when the Arctic oscillation is in its warm phase. Trade winds have been used by captains of sailing ships to cross the world's oceans for centuries and enabled colonial expansion into the Americas and trade routes to become established across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In meteorology, they act as the steering flow for tropical storms that form over the Atlantic, Pacific, and southern Indian Oceans and make landfall in North America, Southeast Asia, and Madagascar and eastern Africa.


Context: what purpose did seasonal monsoon winds have on trade

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how is this name of the winds derived?

Answer: The term originally derives from the early fourteenth century sense of trade (in late Middle English) still often meaning "path" or "track".

Trade winds [SEP] History

The term originally derives from the early fourteenth century sense of trade (in late Middle English) still often meaning "path" or "track". The Portuguese recognized the importance of the trade winds (then the "Volta do mar", meaning in Portuguese "turn of the sea" but also "return from the sea") in navigation in both the north and south Atlantic ocean as early as the 15th century. From West Africa, the Portuguese had to sail away from continental Africa, that is, to west and northwest. They could then turn northeast, to the area around the Azores islands, and finally east to mainland Europe.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this name of the winds derived?

Context: The term originally derives from the early fourteenth century sense of trade (in late Middle English) still often meaning "path" or "track".

Question: what are its effects?

Answer: Every year, millions of tons of nutrient-rich Saharan dust cross the Atlantic Ocean, bringing vital phosphorus and other fertilizers to depleted Amazon soils.

Trade winds [SEP] Weather and biodiversity effects

Its presence negatively impacts air quality by adding to the count of airborne particulates. Although the Southeast USA has some of the cleanest air in North America, much of the African dust that reaches the United States affects Florida. Since 1970, dust outbreaks have worsened due to periods of drought in Africa. There is a large variability in the dust transport to the Caribbean and Florida from year to year. Dust events have been linked to a decline in the health of coral reefs across the Caribbean and Florida, primarily since the 1970s. Every year, millions of tons of nutrient-rich Saharan dust cross the Atlantic Ocean, bringing vital phosphorus and other fertilizers to depleted Amazon soils.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this name of the winds derived?

Context: what are its effects?

Context: Every year, millions of tons of nutrient-rich Saharan dust cross the Atlantic Ocean, bringing vital phosphorus and other fertilizers to depleted Amazon soils.

Question: what causes these winds?

Answer: As part of the Hadley cell, surface air flows toward the equator while the flow aloft is towards the poles. A low-pressure area of calm, light variable winds near the equator is known as the doldrums, near-equatorial trough, intertropical front, or the Intertropical Convergence Zone.

Trade winds [SEP] Cause

As part of the Hadley cell, surface air flows toward the equator while the flow aloft is towards the poles. A low-pressure area of calm, light variable winds near the equator is known as the doldrums, near-equatorial trough, intertropical front, or the Intertropical Convergence Zone. When located within a monsoon region, this zone of low pressure and wind convergence is also known as the monsoon trough. Around 30° in both hemispheres, air begins to descend toward the surface in subtropical high-pressure belts known as subtropical ridges. The subsident (sinking) air is relatively dry because as it descends, the temperature increases, but the moisture content remains constant, which lowers the relative humidity of the air mass.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is this name of the winds derived?

Context: what are its effects?

Context: what causes these winds?

Context: As part of the Hadley cell, surface air flows toward the equator while the flow aloft is towards the poles. A low-pressure area of calm, light variable winds near the equator is known as the doldrums, near-equatorial trough, intertropical front, or the Intertropical Convergence Zone.

Question: where is this desert located from where the dust is blown?

Answer: African continent

Sahara [SEP] Introduction

The Sahara (, ; , ', 'the Greatest Desert') is a desert on the African continent. With an area of , it is the largest hot desert in the world and the third largest desert overall, smaller only than the deserts of Antarctica and the Arctic. The name 'Sahara' is derived from the Arabic word for "desert", ' ( ), plural . (Arabic صَحْرَاء "ṣaḥrā'" "desert", plural صَحَارَى "ṣaḥārā" "deserts") The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan.