Context: who constructed it?

Context: California Highway Commission

Context: which places does the route connect?

Context: Piru Canyon, Grapevine

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Kern County, California

Context: is grapevine a town?

Context: No, it is a small village and an unincorporated community

Question: any notable landmark?

Answer: The top of the Grapevine

Explanation: The top of the Grapevine is registered as California Historical Landmark #283, where Don Pedro Fages passed through in 1772 during his explorations through California.

Grapevine, California [SEP] Landmark


Context: what does the term ridge route refer to?

Context: A two-lane highway between Los Angeles County and Kern County, California.

Context: who constructed it?

Context: California Highway Commission

Context: had the roadway faced any accident anytime?

Context: Yes - A Ridge Route Alternate was built to prevent road accidents and to increase road capacity.

Context: which places does the route connect?

Context: Piru Canyon, Grapevine

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Kern County, California

Context: is grapevine a town?

Context: any notable landmark?

Context: The top of the Grapevine

Question: does it have any name?

Answer: No

Grapevine, California [SEP] Landmark


Context: who constructed it?

Context: California Highway Commission

Context: which places does the route connect?

Context: Piru Canyon, Grapevine

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Kern County, California

Context: is grapevine a town?

Context: any notable landmark?

Context: The top of the Grapevine

Context: does it have any name?

Context: No

Question: is the place referred in any work of art?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Grapevine, California [SEP] Landmark


Context: who constructed it?

Context: California Highway Commission

Context: which places does the route connect?

Context: Piru Canyon, Grapevine

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Kern County, California

Context: is grapevine a town?

Context: any notable landmark?

Context: The top of the Grapevine

Context: does it have any name?

Context: No

Context: is the place referred in any work of art?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what types of birds are found at the state where the county is situated?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Grapevine, California [SEP] Landmark


Context: who constructed it?

Context: California Highway Commission

Context: which places does the route connect?

Context: Piru Canyon, Grapevine

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Kern County, California

Context: is grapevine a town?

Context: any notable landmark?

Context: The top of the Grapevine

Context: does it have any name?

Context: No

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what types of birds are found at the state where the county is situated?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how is the climate there?

Answer: Mediterranean climate, polar to subtropical.

California [SEP] Climate

Although most of the state has a Mediterranean climate, due to the state's large size the climate ranges from polar to subtropical. The cool California Current offshore often creates summer fog near the coast. Farther inland, there are colder winters and hotter summers. The maritime moderation results in the shoreline summertime temperatures of Los Angeles and San Francisco being the coolest of all major metropolitan areas of the United States and uniquely cool compared to areas on the same latitude in the interior and on the east coast of the North American continent. Even the San Diego shoreline bordering Mexico is cooler in summer than most areas in the contiguous United States.


Context: who constructed it?

Context: California Highway Commission

Context: which places does the route connect?

Context: Piru Canyon, Grapevine

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Kern County, California

Context: is grapevine a town?

Context: any notable landmark?

Context: The top of the Grapevine

Context: does it have any name?

Context: No

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: Mediterranean climate, polar to subtropical.

Question: what culture do they follow?

Answer: Western culture

California [SEP] Culture

The culture of California is a Western culture and most clearly has its modern roots in the culture of the United States, but also, historically, many Hispanic Californio and Mexican influences. As a border and coastal state, Californian culture has been greatly influenced by several large immigrant populations, especially those from Latin America and Asia. California has long been a subject of interest in the public mind and has often been promoted by its boosters as a kind of paradise. In the early 20th century, fueled by the efforts of state and local boosters, many Americans saw the Golden State as an ideal resort destination, sunny and dry all year round with easy access to the ocean and mountains.


Context: who constructed it?

Context: California Highway Commission

Context: which places does the route connect?

Context: Piru Canyon, Grapevine

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Kern County, California

Context: is grapevine a town?

Context: any notable landmark?

Context: The top of the Grapevine

Context: does it have any name?

Context: No

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: Western culture

Question: what type of dance does this culture follow?

Answer: Ballet, ballroom dance, polka, square dance

Western culture [SEP] Dance and performing arts

The ballet is a distinctively Western form of performance dance. The ballroom dance is an important Western variety of dance for the elite. The polka, the square dance, the flamenco, and the Irish step dance are very well known Western forms of folk dance. Greek and Roman theatre are considered the antecedents of modern theatre, and forms such as medieval theatre, passion plays, morality plays, and commedia dell'arte are considered highly influential. Elizabethan theatre, with such luminaries as William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Ben Jonson, is considered one of the most formative and important eras for modern drama. The soap opera, a popular culture dramatic form, originated in the United States first on radio in the 1930s, then a couple of decades later on television.


Context: who constructed it?

Context: California Highway Commission

Context: which places does the route connect?

Context: Piru Canyon, Grapevine

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Kern County, California

Context: is grapevine a town?

Context: any notable landmark?

Context: The top of the Grapevine

Context: does it have any name?

Context: No

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: Western culture

Context: what type of dance does this culture follow?

Context: Ballet, ballroom dance, polka, square dance

Question: what discoveries have they made?

Answer: steam engine, electrical motor, dynamo, transformer, electric light

Explanation: The West is credited with the development of the steam engine and adapting its use into factories, and for the generation of electric power. The electrical motor, dynamo, transformer, electric light, and most of the familiar electrical appliances, were inventions of the West. The Otto and the Diesel internal combustion engines are products whose genesis and early development were in the West. Nuclear power stations are derived from the first atomic pile constructed in Chicago in 1942.

Western culture [SEP] Scientific and technological inventions and discoveries

By the will of the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel the Nobel Prize were established in 1895. The prizes in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine were first awarded in 1901. The percentage of ethnically European Nobel prize winners during the first and second halves of the 20th century were respectively 98 and 94 percent. A study by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) – Japan's equivalent of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) – concluded that 54% of the world's most important inventions were British. Of the rest, 25% were American and 5% Japanese. The West is credited with the development of the steam engine and adapting its use into factories, and for the generation of electric power.


Context: who constructed it?

Context: California Highway Commission

Context: which places does the route connect?

Context: Piru Canyon, Grapevine

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Kern County, California

Context: is grapevine a town?

Context: any notable landmark?

Context: The top of the Grapevine

Context: does it have any name?

Context: No

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: Western culture

Context: what discoveries have they made?

Context: steam engine, electrical motor, dynamo, transformer, electric light

Question: what type of dance is the third one?

Answer: folk dance

Explanation: The polka, the square dance, the flamenco, and the Irish step dance are very well known Western forms of folk dance.


Question: who played tony blair in the film the queen

Answer: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Explanation:
Michael Christopher Sheen (born 5 February 1969) is a Welsh actor and political activist. After training at London's Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), he worked mainly in theatre throughout the 1990s and made notable stage appearances in "Romeo and Juliet" (1992), "Don't Fool With Love" (1993), "Peer Gynt" (1994), "The Seagull" (1995), "The Homecoming" (1997), and "Henry V" (1997). His performances in "Amadeus" at the Old Vic and "Look Back in Anger" at the National Theatre were nominated for Olivier Awards in 1998 and 1999, respectively. In 2003, he was nominated for a third Olivier Award for his performance in "Caligula" at the Donmar Warehouse.

Sheen has become better known as a screen actor since the 2000s, in particular through his roles in various biographical films. With writer Peter Morgan, he has starred in a trilogy of films as British politician Tony Blair: the television film "The Deal" in 2003, followed by "The Queen" (2006) and "The Special Relationship" (2010).

Michael Sheen [SEP] Introduction


Context: who played tony blair in the film the queen

Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Question: who is this person?

Answer: An actor and a political activist.

Explanation: Michael Christopher Sheen (born 5 February 1969) is a Welsh actor and political activist.

Michael Sheen [SEP] Introduction


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Question: has he worked on stage as well?

Answer: Yes, in plays like "Romeo and Juliet", "Don't Fool With Love", "Peer Gynt", "The Seagull" and others.

Explanation: After training at London's Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), he worked mainly in theatre throughout the 1990s and made notable stage appearances in "Romeo and Juliet" (1992), "Don't Fool With Love" (1993), "Peer Gynt" (1994), "The Seagull" (1995), "The Homecoming" (1997), and "Henry V" (1997).

Michael Sheen [SEP] Introduction


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: Yes, in plays like "Romeo and Juliet", "Don't Fool With Love", "Peer Gynt", "The Seagull" and others.

Question: any of her iconic role in films you may know of?

Answer: "Frost/Nixon", "The Damned United", and others.

Explanation: Sheen has become better known as a screen actor since the 2000s, in particular through his roles in various biographical films. With writer Peter Morgan, he has starred in a trilogy of films as British politician Tony Blair: the television film "The Deal" in 2003, followed by "The Queen" (2006) and "The Special Relationship" (2010). For playing Blair, he was nominated for both a BAFTA Award and an Emmy. He was also nominated for a BAFTA as the troubled comic actor Kenneth Williams in BBC Four's 2006 "", and was nominated for a fourth Olivier Award in 2006 for portraying the broadcaster David Frost in "Frost/Nixon", a role he revisited in the 2008 film adaptation of the play. He also starred as the controversial football manager Brian Clough in "The Damned United" (2009).

Michael Sheen [SEP] Introduction


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: any of her iconic role in films you may know of?

Context: "Frost/Nixon", "The Damned United", and others.

Question: and what charity works have he done?

Answer: He  is the honorary President of Wales Council for Voluntary Action,an ambassador for TREAT Trust Wales, and is the Welsh ambassador of Into Film. He is also a patron of British charities including Scene & Heard, NSPCC's Child's Voice Appeal, Healing the Wounds, The Relationships Centre and WGCADA.

Explanation: Sheen is the honorary President of Wales Council for Voluntary Action and plays an important part in the public work of the lead national body for the voluntary sector in Wales. Accepting the role he explained "I plan to use my role to actively challenge and support WCVA in their impact and role in supporting the community and keeping us focused on what matters locally as well as the need for national leadership". He is also an ambassador for TREAT Trust Wales, and is the Welsh ambassador of Into Film, a charity which offers after-school film clubs to state primary and secondary schools in an effort to improve literacy levels. He is also an ambassador of the environmental charity Keep Wales Tidy. He is a patron of British charities including Scene & Heard, NSPCC's Child's Voice Appeal, Healing the Wounds, The Relationships Centre and WGCADA.

Michael Sheen [SEP] Charity work


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: and what charity works have he done?

Context: He  is the honorary President of Wales Council for Voluntary Action,an ambassador for TREAT Trust Wales, and is the Welsh ambassador of Into Film. He is also a patron of British charities including Scene & Heard, NSPCC's Child's Voice Appeal, Healing the Wounds, The Relationships Centre and WGCADA.

Question: what is the third british charity deals with of which he is a patron?

Answer: Provides support and care for British servicemen and women suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder.

Healing the Wounds [SEP] Introduction

Healing the Wounds (HTW) is a British charity launched in December 2009 to help provide support and care for British servicemen and women suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder It was founded by Kevin Richards, a former British Army combat medic, who recognised the lack of aftercare support and treatment for sufferers of PTSD in Wales.


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: and what charity works have he done?

Context: what is the third british charity deals with of which he is a patron?

Context: Provides support and care for British servicemen and women suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question: who formed this organization?

Answer: Kevin Richards.

Explanation: It was founded by Kevin Richards, a former British Army combat medic, who recognised the lack of aftercare support and treatment for sufferers of PTSD

Healing the Wounds [SEP] Introduction


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: and what charity works have he done?

Context: who formed this organization?

Context: Kevin Richards.

Question: who is this person?

Answer: A former British Army combat medic.

Explanation: It was founded by Kevin Richards, a former British Army combat medic, who recognised the lack of aftercare support and treatment for sufferers of PTSD in Wales.

Healing the Wounds [SEP] Introduction


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: and what charity works have he done?

Context: who formed this organization?

Context: Kevin Richards.

Context: who is this person?

Context: A former British Army combat medic.

Question: and what is that in which he is the welsh ambassador?

Answer: It is a charity that aims to put film at the heart of children and young people’s educational, cultural and personal development.

Explanation: Into Film is a charity supported principally by the British Film Institute (through the National Lottery), Cinema First and Northern Ireland Screen. Into Film aims to put film at the heart of children and young people’s educational, cultural and personal development.

Into Film [SEP] Introduction

Into Film is a charity supported principally by the British Film Institute (through the National Lottery), Cinema First and Northern Ireland Screen. Into Film aims to put film at the heart of children and young people's educational, cultural and personal development. More than half of UK schools engage with Into Film's programme of Into Film Clubs, special cinema screenings, educational resources and training to support classroom teaching. Into Film aims to provide 5-19-year olds with opportunities to learn about and with film and develop a passion for cinema. Into Film runs two flagship annual events: The Into Film Festival, which enables more than 400,000 children and young people to access the cinema for free, and the Into Film Awards, which celebrates the filmmaking and learning achievements of pupils and educators from across the UK.


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: and what charity works have he done?

Context: who formed this organization?

Context: Kevin Richards.

Context: who is this person?

Context: A former British Army combat medic.

Context: and what is that in which he is the welsh ambassador?

Context: It is a charity that aims to put film at the heart of children and young people’s educational, cultural and personal development.

Question: what is the genre of the latter film that you mentioned above?

Answer: Sports drama.

The Damned United [SEP] Introduction

The Damned United is a 2009 British sports drama film directed by Tom Hooper and adapted by Peter Morgan from David Peace's bestselling 2006 novel "The Damned Utd", a largely fictional book based on the author's interpretation of Brian Clough's ill-fated tenure as football manager of Leeds United in 1974. It was produced by BBC Films and Left Bank Pictures with additional funding from Screen Yorkshire and Columbia Pictures. Sony Pictures Releasing International distributed the film. The film was originally proposed by Stephen Frears, but he pulled out of the project in November 2007. Hooper took his place and the film was shot from May to July 2008.


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: and what charity works have he done?

Context: who formed this organization?

Context: Kevin Richards.

Context: who is this person?

Context: A former British Army combat medic.

Context: what is the genre of the latter film that you mentioned above?

Context: Sports drama.

Question: when was it released?

Answer: On 27 March 2009 in the United Kingdom.

The Damned United [SEP] Introduction

The film marks the fifth collaboration between screenwriter Peter Morgan and actor Michael Sheen who plays Clough. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 27 March 2009 and in North America on 25 September. The film grossed $4.1 million worldwide against a $10 million production budget. The film received nominations for the British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actor, the ALFS Award for British Supporting Actor of the Year, the Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture, Drama and Best Actor in a Supporting Role and the Writers' Guild of Great Britain Award for Best Feature Film Screenplay.


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: and what charity works have he done?

Context: who formed this organization?

Context: Kevin Richards.

Context: who is this person?

Context: A former British Army combat medic.

Context: Sports drama.

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 March 2009 in the United Kingdom.

Question: who is the director?

Answer: Tom Hooper.

Explanation: The Damned United is a 2009 British sports drama film directed by Tom Hooper

The Damned United [SEP] Introduction


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: and what charity works have he done?

Context: who formed this organization?

Context: Kevin Richards.

Context: who is this person?

Context: A former British Army combat medic.

Context: Sports drama.

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 March 2009 in the United Kingdom.

Context: who is the director?

Context: Tom Hooper.

Question: what is the storyline?

Answer: The plot revolves around  Brian Clough's ill fated tenure as the football manager of Leeds United in 1974.

Explanation: directed by Tom Hooper and adapted by Peter Morgan from David Peace's bestselling 2006 novel "The Damned Utd", a largely fictional book based on the author's interpretation of Brian Clough's ill-fated tenure as football manager of Leeds United in 1974.

The Damned United [SEP] Introduction


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: and what charity works have he done?

Context: who formed this organization?

Context: Kevin Richards.

Context: who is this person?

Context: A former British Army combat medic.

Context: Sports drama.

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 March 2009 in the United Kingdom.

Context: who is the director?

Context: Tom Hooper.

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: The plot revolves around  Brian Clough's ill fated tenure as the football manager of Leeds United in 1974.

Question: is this person mentioned in your answer, a player?

Answer: Yes, he was initially a football player and then a football manager.

Brian Clough [SEP] Introduction

Brian Howard Clough, OBE ( ; 21 March 1935 – 20 September 2004) was an English football player and manager. He played as a striker and remains one of the Football League's highest goalscorers, but his career was shortened by a serious injury. As a manager, Clough's name is closely associated with that of Peter Taylor, who served as his assistant manager at various clubs in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. They achieved great successes with Derby County and Nottingham Forest. Clough is also remembered for giving frequent radio and television interviews in which he made controversial remarks about players, other managers and the overall state of the game.


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: and what charity works have he done?

Context: who formed this organization?

Context: Kevin Richards.

Context: who is this person?

Context: A former British Army combat medic.

Context: Sports drama.

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 March 2009 in the United Kingdom.

Context: who is the director?

Context: Tom Hooper.

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: is this person mentioned in your answer, a player?

Context: Yes, he was initially a football player and then a football manager.

Question: where is he from?

Answer: He was born in Grove Hill, Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire.

Brian Clough [SEP] Childhood

Born at 11 Valley Road, an inter-war council house in Grove Hill, Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire, Brian Clough was the sixth of nine children of a local sweet shop worker, later sugar boiler and then manager. The eldest, Elizabeth, died in 1927 of septicaemia at the age of four. When talking of his childhood he said he "adored it in all its aspects. If anyone should be grateful for their upbringing, for their mam and dad, I'm that person. I was the kid who came from a little part of paradise." On his upbringing in Middlesbrough, Clough claimed that it was not the most well-appointed place in the world, "But to me it was heaven".


Context: Michael Christopher Sheen .

Context: who is this person?

Context: An actor and a political activist.

Context: has he worked on stage as well?

Context: and what charity works have he done?

Context: who formed this organization?

Context: Kevin Richards.

Context: who is this person?

Context: A former British Army combat medic.

Context: Sports drama.

Context: when was it released?

Context: On 27 March 2009 in the United Kingdom.

Context: who is the director?

Context: Tom Hooper.

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where is he from?

Context: He was born in Grove Hill, Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire.

Question: which team is he associated with?

Answer: Various teams including Derby County and Nottingham Forest.

Explanation: They achieved great successes with Derby County and Nottingham Forest.

Brian Clough [SEP] Introduction


Question: what are drymoreomys?

Answer: They are rodents.

Explanation: rodent

Drymoreomys [SEP] Introduction

Drymoreomys is a rodent genus in the tribe Oryzomyini that lives in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The single species, D. albimaculatus, is known only from the states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina and was not named until 2011. It lives in the humid forest on the eastern slopes of the Serra do Mar and perhaps reproduces year-round. Although its range is relatively large and includes some protected areas, it is patchy and threatened, and the discoverers recommend that the animal be considered "Near Threatened" on the IUCN Red List. Within Oryzomyini, "Drymoreomys" appears to be most closely related to "Eremoryzomys" from the Andes of Peru, a biogeographically unusual relationship, in that the two populations are widely separated and each is adapted to an arid or a moist environment.


Context:
what are drymoreomys?
They are rodents.

Question: where are they found?

Answer: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Explanation: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Drymoreomys [SEP] Introduction


Context:
what are drymoreomys?
They are rodents.
where are they found?
Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Question: does the forest cover any other country?

Answer: Misiones Province of Argentina

Explanation: Misiones Province of Argentina

Atlantic Forest [SEP] Introduction

The Atlantic Forest () is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the north to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south, and inland as far as Paraguay and the Misiones Province of Argentina, where the region is known as Selva Misionera. The Atlantic Forest has ecoregions within the following biome categories: seasonal moist and dry broad-leaf tropical forests, tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, and mangrove forests. The Atlantic Forest is characterized by a high biodiversity and endemism. It was the first environment that the Portuguese colonists encountered over 500 years ago, when it was thought to have had an area of , and stretching an unknown distance inland.


Context: what are drymoreomys?

Context: They are rodents.

Context: where are they found?

Context: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Context: does the forest cover any other country?

Context: Misiones Province of Argentina

Question: how was this country named?

Answer: Italian, "argentino" means in Italian "(made) of silver or silver coloured.

Argentina [SEP] Name and etymology

The description of the country by the word "Argentina" has been found on a Venetian map in 1536. In English, the name "Argentina" comes from the Spanish language; however, the naming itself is not Spanish, but Italian. "Argentina" (masculine "argentino") means in Italian "(made) of silver, silver coloured", probably borrowed from the Old French adjective "argentine" "(made) of silver" > "silver coloured" already mentioned in the 12th century. The French word "argentine" is the feminine form of "argentin" and derives from "argent" "silver" with the suffix "-in" (same construction as Old French "acerin" "(made) of steel", from "acier" "steel" + "-in", or "sapin" "(made) of fir wood", from OF "sap" "fir" + "-in").


Context: what are drymoreomys?

Context: They are rodents.

Context: where are they found?

Context: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Context: Misiones Province of Argentina

Context: how was this country named?

Context: Italian, "argentino" means in Italian "(made) of silver or silver coloured.

Question: name a few types of flora found here.

Answer: Evergreen Ombú

Explanation: evergreen Ombú.

Argentina [SEP] Biodiversity

Argentina is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world hosting one of the greatest ecosystem varieties in the world: 15 continental zones, 2 marine zones, and the Antarctic region are all represented in its territory. This huge ecosystem variety has led to a biological diversity that is among the world's largest: The original pampa had virtually no trees; some imported species like the American sycamore or eucalyptus are present along roads or in towns and country estates ("estancias"). The only tree-like plant native to the pampa is the evergreen Ombú. The surface soils of the pampa are a deep black color, primarily mollisols, known commonly as "humus".


Context: what are drymoreomys?

Context: They are rodents.

Context: where are they found?

Context: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Context: Misiones Province of Argentina

Context: how was this country named?

Context: name a few types of flora found here.

Context: Evergreen Ombú

Question: what are the languages spoken here?

Answer: Spanish

Explanation: Spanish

Argentina [SEP] Languages

The "de facto" official language is Spanish, spoken by almost all Argentines. The country is the largest Spanish-speaking society that universally employs "voseo", the use of the pronoun "vos" instead of "tú" ("you"), which imposes the use of alternative verb forms as well. Due to the extensive Argentine geography, Spanish has a strong variation among regions, although the prevalent dialect is "Rioplatense", primarily spoken in the La Plata Basin and accented similarly to the Neapolitan language. Italian and other European immigrants influenced "Lunfardo"—the regional slang—permeating the vernacular vocabulary of other Latin American countries as well. There are several second-languages in widespread use among the Argentine population:


Context: what are drymoreomys?

Context: They are rodents.

Context: where are they found?

Context: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Context: Misiones Province of Argentina

Context: how was this country named?

Context: name a few types of flora found here.

Context: Evergreen Ombú

Context: what are the languages spoken here?

Context: Spanish

Question: what is the climate here like?

Answer: Warm, moderate, arid, and cold

Argentina [SEP] Climate

In general, Argentina has four main climate types: warm, moderate, arid, and cold, all determined by the expanse across latitude, range in altitude, and relief features. Although the most populated areas are generally temperate, Argentina has an exceptional amount of climate diversity, ranging from subtropical in the north to polar in the far south. Consequently, there is a wide variety of biomes in the country, including subtropical rain forests, semi-arid and arid regions, temperate plains in the Pampas, and cold subantarctic in the south. The average annual precipitation ranges from in the driest parts of Patagonia to over in the westernmost parts of Patagonia and the northeastern parts of the country.


Context: what are drymoreomys?

Context: They are rodents.

Context: where are they found?

Context: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Context: Misiones Province of Argentina

Context: how was this country named?

Context: name a few types of flora found here.

Context: Evergreen Ombú

Context: what are the languages spoken here?

Context: Spanish

Context: what is the climate here like?

Context: Warm, moderate, arid, and cold

Question: did the country participate in any war?

Answer: Yes, Independence War

Explanation: Independence War

Argentina [SEP] Independence and civil wars

Beginning a process from which Argentina was to emerge as successor state to the Viceroyalty, the 1810 May Revolution replaced the viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros with the First Junta, a new government in Buenos Aires composed by locals. In the first clashes of the Independence War the Junta crushed a royalist counter-revolution in Córdoba, but failed to overcome those of the Banda Oriental, Upper Peru and Paraguay, which later became independent states. Revolutionaries split into two antagonist groups: the Centralists and the Federalists—a move that would define Argentina's first decades of independence. The Assembly of the Year XIII appointed Gervasio Antonio de Posadas as Argentina's first Supreme Director.


Context: what are drymoreomys?

Context: They are rodents.

Context: where are they found?

Context: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Context: Misiones Province of Argentina

Context: how was this country named?

Context: name a few types of flora found here.

Context: Evergreen Ombú

Context: what are the languages spoken here?

Context: Spanish

Context: what is the climate here like?

Context: Warm, moderate, arid, and cold

Context: did the country participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Independence War

Question: who did the country gain its independence from?

Answer: Spanish

Explanation: Spanish

May Revolution [SEP] Introduction

The May Revolution () was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. This Spanish colony included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and parts of Brazil. The result was the removal of Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros and the establishment of a local government, the Primera Junta ("First Junta"), on May 25. The junta would eventually become the country of Argentina. It was the first successful revolution in the South American Independence process. The May Revolution was a direct reaction to Spain's Peninsular War.


Context: what are drymoreomys?

Context: They are rodents.

Context: where are they found?

Context: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Context: Misiones Province of Argentina

Context: how was this country named?

Context: name a few types of flora found here.

Context: Evergreen Ombú

Context: what are the languages spoken here?

Context: Spanish

Context: what is the climate here like?

Context: Warm, moderate, arid, and cold

Context: did the country participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Independence War

Context: who did the country gain its independence from?

Context: Spanish

Question: what symbols represent the country?

Answer: The Flag of Argentina, hornero, ceibo etc

Explanation: The Flag of Argentina

Argentina [SEP] National symbols

Some of Argentina's national symbols are defined by law, while others are traditions lacking formal designation. The Flag of Argentina consists of three horizontal stripes equal in width and colored light blue, white and light blue, with the Sun of May in the centre of the middle white stripe. The flag was designed by Manuel Belgrano in 1812; it was adopted as a national symbol on 20 July 1816. The Coat of Arms, which represents the union of the provinces, came into use in 1813 as the seal for official documents. The Argentine National Anthem was written by Vicente López y Planes with music by Blas Parera, and was adopted in 1813.


Context: what are drymoreomys?

Context: They are rodents.

Context: where are they found?

Context: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Context: Misiones Province of Argentina

Context: how was this country named?

Context: name a few types of flora found here.

Context: Evergreen Ombú

Context: what are the languages spoken here?

Context: Spanish

Context: what is the climate here like?

Context: Warm, moderate, arid, and cold

Context: did the country participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Independence War

Context: Spanish

Context: what symbols represent the country?

Context: The Flag of Argentina, hornero, ceibo etc

Question: who designed the first?

Answer: Manuel Belgrano

Explanation: Manuel Belgrano

Argentina [SEP] National symbols


Context: what are drymoreomys?

Context: They are rodents.

Context: where are they found?

Context: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Context: Misiones Province of Argentina

Context: how was this country named?

Context: name a few types of flora found here.

Context: Evergreen Ombú

Context: what are the languages spoken here?

Context: Spanish

Context: what is the climate here like?

Context: Warm, moderate, arid, and cold

Context: did the country participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Independence War

Context: Spanish

Context: what symbols represent the country?

Context: who designed the first?

Context: Manuel Belgrano

Question: what was his profession?

Answer: Argentine economist, lawyer, politician, journalist, and military leader.

Manuel Belgrano [SEP] Introduction

Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano y González (3 June 1770 – 20 June 1820), usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano (), was an Argentine economist, lawyer, politician, journalist, and military leader. He took part in the Argentine Wars of Independence and created the Flag of Argentina. He is regarded as one of the main "Libertadores" of the country. Belgrano was born in Buenos Aires, the fourth child of Italian businessman Domingo Belgrano y Peri and Josefa Casero. He came into contact with the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment while at university in Spain around the time of the French Revolution.


Context: what are drymoreomys?

Context: They are rodents.

Context: where are they found?

Context: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Context: Misiones Province of Argentina

Context: how was this country named?

Context: name a few types of flora found here.

Context: Evergreen Ombú

Context: what are the languages spoken here?

Context: Spanish

Context: what is the climate here like?

Context: Warm, moderate, arid, and cold

Context: did the country participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Independence War

Context: Spanish

Context: what symbols represent the country?

Context: who designed the first?

Context: Manuel Belgrano

Context: what was his profession?

Context: Argentine economist, lawyer, politician, journalist, and military leader.

Question: did he play any part in a revolution?

Answer: He and the members of the Carlotist party, despite having given up their original idea, plotted to remove the viceroy and replace him with a junta.

Manuel Belgrano [SEP] May Revolution

The Peninsular War was not developing favourably for Spain, and by May 1810 a ship arrived with the news of the defeat of Seville and the disbanding of the Junta of Seville. Without either a recognised Spanish king or the Junta that had appointed Cisneros, many people thought that the viceroy no longer had any authority. Cisneros tried to conceal the news by gathering all the newspapers brought by the ship, but Belgrano and Castelli managed to get one. Cisneros then explained the European developments to the public. Belgrano and the members of the Carlotist party, despite having given up their original idea, plotted to remove the viceroy and replace him with a junta.


Context: what are drymoreomys?

Context: They are rodents.

Context: where are they found?

Context: Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Context: Misiones Province of Argentina

Context: how was this country named?

Context: name a few types of flora found here.

Context: Evergreen Ombú

Context: what are the languages spoken here?

Context: Spanish

Context: what is the climate here like?

Context: Warm, moderate, arid, and cold

Context: did the country participate in any war?

Context: Yes, Independence War

Context: Spanish

Context: what symbols represent the country?

Context: who designed the first?

Context: Manuel Belgrano

Context: what was his profession?

Context: did he play any part in a revolution?

Context: He and the members of the Carlotist party, despite having given up their original idea, plotted to remove the viceroy and replace him with a junta.

Question: does he appear on any currency?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Manuel Belgrano [SEP] May Revolution


Question: which refers to tropical cyclones in the western north pacific

Answer: Hurricane

Tropical cyclone [SEP] Introduction

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls. Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names, including hurricane (), typhoon (), tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, and simply cyclone. A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, and a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean; in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean, comparable storms are referred to simply as "tropical cyclones" or "severe cyclonic storms".


Context: which refers to tropical cyclones in the western north pacific

Context: Hurricane

Question: what are these cyclones?

Answer: A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls.

Explanation: A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls.

Tropical cyclone [SEP] Introduction


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain or squalls.

Question: how do they move?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Tropical cyclone [SEP] Introduction


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how are they related to changes in climate?

Answer: Climate change can affect tropical cyclones in a variety of ways: an intensification of rainfall and wind speed, a decrease in overall frequency, an increase in frequency of very intense storms and a poleward extension of where the cyclones reach maximum intensity are among the possible consequences of human-induced climate change.

Tropical cyclone [SEP] Climate change

Climate change can affect tropical cyclones in a variety of ways: an intensification of rainfall and wind speed, a decrease in overall frequency, an increase in frequency of very intense storms and a poleward extension of where the cyclones reach maximum intensity are among the possible consequences of human-induced climate change. Tropical cyclones use warm, moist air as their fuel. As climate change is warming ocean temperatures, there is potentially more of this fuel available. Between 1979 and 2017, there was a global increase in the proportion of tropical cyclones of Category 3 and higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The trend was most clear in the North Atlantic and in the Southern Indian Ocean.


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are they related to changes in climate?

Context: Climate change can affect tropical cyclones in a variety of ways: an intensification of rainfall and wind speed, a decrease in overall frequency, an increase in frequency of very intense storms and a poleward extension of where the cyclones reach maximum intensity are among the possible consequences of human-induced climate change.

Question: do they find any reference in pop culture?

Answer: Yes, tropical cyclones have made several appearances in different types of media, including films, books, television, music, and electronic games.

Explanation: In popular culture, tropical cyclones have made several appearances in different types of media, including films, books, television, music, and electronic games. These media often portray tropical cyclones that are either entirely fictional or based on real events. For example, George Rippey Stewart's "Storm", a best-seller published in 1941, is thought to have influenced meteorologists on their decision to assign female names to Pacific tropical cyclones. Another example is the hurricane in "The Perfect Storm", which describes the sinking of the "Andrea Gail" by the 1991 Perfect Storm. Hurricanes have been featured in parts of the plots of series such as "The Simpsons", "Invasion", "Family Guy", "Seinfeld", "Dawson's Creek", "Burn Notice" and "". The 2004 film "The Day After Tomorrow" includes several mentions of actual tropical cyclones and features fantastical "hurricane-like", albeit non-tropical, Arctic storms.

Tropical cyclone [SEP] Popular culture


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: do they find any reference in pop culture?

Context: Yes, tropical cyclones have made several appearances in different types of media, including films, books, television, music, and electronic games.

Question: any particular movie or teleshow?

Answer: "The Perfect Storm"

Explanation: Another example is the hurricane in "The Perfect Storm", which describes the sinking of the "Andrea Gail" by the 1991 Perfect Storm.

Tropical cyclone [SEP] Popular culture


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Question: what is its storyline?

Answer: The story of the "Andrea Gail", a commercial fishing vessel that was lost at sea with all hands after being caught in the Perfect Storm of 1991.

The Perfect Storm (film) [SEP] Introduction

The Perfect Storm is a 2000 American biographical disaster drama film directed by Wolfgang Petersen and based on the 1997 non-fiction book of the same name by Sebastian Junger. The film tells the story of the "Andrea Gail", a commercial fishing vessel that was lost at sea with all hands after being caught in the Perfect Storm of 1991. The film stars George Clooney, Mark Wahlberg, John Hawkes, William Fichtner, Michael Ironside, John C. Reilly, Diane Lane, Karen Allen and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio. It was released on June 30, 2000, by Warner Bros. and grossed $328 million worldwide.


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: The story of the "Andrea Gail", a commercial fishing vessel that was lost at sea with all hands after being caught in the Perfect Storm of 1991.

Question: who were the members of the cast?

Answer: George Clooney, Mark Wahlberg, John Hawkes, Diane Lane, to name a few.

Explanation: The film stars George Clooney, Mark Wahlberg, John Hawkes, William Fichtner, Michael Ironside, John C. Reilly, Diane Lane, Karen Allen and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio.


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who were the members of the cast?

Context: George Clooney, Mark Wahlberg, John Hawkes, Diane Lane, to name a few.

Question: how was it received?

Answer: It received mixed reviews from critics, with a 47% approval rating on critic site Rotten Tomatoes.

The Perfect Storm (film) [SEP] Reception

"The Perfect Storm" received mixed reviews from critics, with a 47% approval rating on critic site Rotten Tomatoes with a consensus of, "While the special effects are well done and quite impressive, this film suffers a lack of any actual drama or characterization. The end result is a film that offers nifty eye-candy and nothing else." "The Perfect Storm" was a box office success. On its opening weekend, it debuted with $42 million ahead of Sony's "The Patriot" and eventually brought in over $182.6 million in the United States, and $146.1 million around the world to a total of $328.7 million worldwide.


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who were the members of the cast?

Context: how was it received?

Context: It received mixed reviews from critics, with a 47% approval rating on critic site Rotten Tomatoes.

Question: when was it released?

Answer: 2000

Explanation: The Perfect Storm is a 2000 American biographical disaster drama film directed by Wolfgang Petersen and based on the 1997 non-fiction book of the same name by Sebastian Junger.


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who were the members of the cast?

Context: how was it received?

Context: when was it released?

Question: where was this filmed?

Answer: Partially filmed in Dedham, Massachusetts.

Explanation: The movie was partially filmed in Dedham, Massachusetts.

The Perfect Storm (film) [SEP] Filming


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who were the members of the cast?

Context: how was it received?

Context: when was it released?

Context: where was this filmed?

Context: Partially filmed in Dedham, Massachusetts.

Question: where is this place located?

Answer: It is a town in and the county seat of Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States.

Dedham, Massachusetts [SEP] Introduction

Dedham ( ) is a town in and the county seat of Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 24,729 at the 2010 census. It is located on Boston's southwest border. On the northwest it is bordered by Needham, on the southwest by Westwood, and on the southeast by Canton. The town was first settled by European colonists in 1635.


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who were the members of the cast?

Context: how was it received?

Context: when was it released?

Context: where was this filmed?

Context: where is this place located?

Context: It is a town in and the county seat of Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States.

Question: what does the economy of this place depend on?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who were the members of the cast?

Context: how was it received?

Context: when was it released?

Context: where was this filmed?

Context: where is this place located?

Context: what does the economy of this place depend on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the total population here?

Answer: As of the census of 2000, there were 23,464 people

Dedham, Massachusetts [SEP] Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 23,464 people, 8,654 households, and 6,144 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,244.6 people per square mile (866.9/km). There were 8,908 housing units at an average density of 852.2 per square mile (329.1/km). The racial makeup of the town was 94.51% White, 1.54% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 1.87% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.80% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. 2.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 8,654 households, of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them.


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who were the members of the cast?

Context: how was it received?

Context: when was it released?

Context: where was this filmed?

Context: where is this place located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the total population here?

Context: As of the census of 2000, there were 23,464 people

Question: what are its geographical features?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who were the members of the cast?

Context: how was it received?

Context: when was it released?

Context: where was this filmed?

Context: where is this place located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the total population here?

Context: what are its geographical features?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: in which country is this situated?

Answer: United States


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who were the members of the cast?

Context: how was it received?

Context: when was it released?

Context: where was this filmed?

Context: where is this place located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the total population here?

Context: what are its geographical features?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: in which country is this situated?

Context: United States

Question: who were the early settlers of this country?

Answer: Spanish conquistadors

United States [SEP] European settlements

The first Europeans to arrive in the contiguous United States were Spanish conquistadors such as Juan Ponce de León, who made his first visit to Florida in 1513. Even earlier, Christopher Columbus landed in Puerto Rico on his 1493 voyage. The Spanish set up the first settlements in Florida and New Mexico such as Saint Augustine and Santa Fe. The French established their own as well along the Mississippi River, notably New Orleans. Successful English settlement of the eastern coast of North America began with the Virginia Colony in 1607 at Jamestown and with the Pilgrims' Plymouth Colony in 1620.


Context: Hurricane

Context: what are these cyclones?

Context: how do they move?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: any particular movie or teleshow?

Context: "The Perfect Storm"

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: who were the members of the cast?

Context: how was it received?

Context: when was it released?

Context: where was this filmed?

Context: where is this place located?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the total population here?

Context: what are its geographical features?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: in which country is this situated?

Context: United States

Context: who were the early settlers of this country?

Context: Spanish conquistadors

Question: did this place participate in any wars?

Answer: Yes, the American Civil war, World War I, and World War II.

United States [SEP] Civil War and Reconstruction era

Irreconcilable sectional conflict regarding the slavery of Africans and African Americans ultimately led to the American Civil War. With the 1860 election of Republican Abraham Lincoln, conventions in thirteen slave states declared secession and formed the Confederate States of America (the "South" or the "Confederacy"), while the federal government (the "Union") maintained that secession was illegal. In order to bring about this secession, military action was initiated by the secessionists, and the Union responded in kind. The ensuing war would become the deadliest military conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of approximately 618,000 soldiers as well as many civilians.


Question: chemical and physical processes include the formation of clouds

Answer: Adiabatic cooling , Non-adiabatic cooling

Explanation: Terrestrial clouds can be found throughout most of the homosphere, which includes the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. Within these layers of the atmosphere, air can become saturated as a result of being cooled to its dew point or by having moisture added from an adjacent source. In the latter case, saturation occurs when the dew point is raised to the ambient air temperature.

Cloud [SEP] Formation in the homosphere: How air becomes saturated


Context: chemical and physical processes include the formation of clouds

Context: Adiabatic cooling , Non-adiabatic cooling

Question: how is this associated with aristotle?

Answer: Aristotle wrote "Meteorologica", a work which represented about natural science, including weather and climate. For the first time, precipitation and the clouds from which precipitation fell were called meteors, which originate from the Greek word "meteoros", meaning 'high in the sky'.

Explanation: Around 340 BC, Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote "Meteorologica", a work which represented the sum of knowledge of the time about natural science, including weather and climate. For the first time, precipitation and the clouds from which precipitation fell were called meteors, which originate from the Greek word "meteoros", meaning 'high in the sky'. From that word came the modern term meteorology, the study of clouds and weather. "Meteorologica" was based on intuition and simple observation, but not on what is now considered the scientific method. Nevertheless, it was the first known work that attempted to treat a broad range of meteorological topics in a systematic way, especially the hydrological cycle.

Cloud [SEP] Aristotle

Ancient cloud studies were not made in isolation, but were observed in combination with other weather elements and even other natural sciences. Around 340 BC, Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote "Meteorologica", a work which represented the sum of knowledge of the time about natural science, including weather and climate. For the first time, precipitation and the clouds from which precipitation fell were called meteors, which originate from the Greek word "meteoros", meaning 'high in the sky'. From that word came the modern term meteorology, the study of clouds and weather. "Meteorologica" was based on intuition and simple observation, but not on what is now considered the scientific method.


Context: how is this associated with aristotle?

Context: Aristotle wrote "Meteorologica", a work which represented about natural science, including weather and climate. For the first time, precipitation and the clouds from which precipitation fell were called meteors, which originate from the Greek word "meteoros", meaning 'high in the sky'.

Question: what is it made up of?

Answer: A visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or other particles suspended in the atmosphere. Water or various other chemicals may compose the droplets and crystals.

Cloud [SEP] Introduction

In meteorology, a cloud is an aerosol consisting of a visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or other particles suspended in the atmosphere of a planetary body or similar space. Water or various other chemicals may compose the droplets and crystals. On Earth, clouds are formed as a result of saturation of the air when it is cooled to its dew point, or when it gains sufficient moisture (usually in the form of water vapor) from an adjacent source to raise the dew point to the ambient temperature. They are seen in the Earth's homosphere, which includes the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere.


Context: how is this associated with aristotle?

Context: what is it made up of?

Context: A visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or other particles suspended in the atmosphere. Water or various other chemicals may compose the droplets and crystals.

Question: are there different types of cooling ?

Answer: Yes - Adiabatic cooling , Non-adiabatic cooling

Explanation: Along with adiabatic cooling that requires a lifting agent, three major nonadiabatic mechanisms exist for lowering the temperature of the air to its dew point. Conductive, radiational, and evaporative cooling require no lifting mechanism and can cause condensation at surface level resulting in the formation of fog.

Cloud [SEP] Non-adiabatic cooling


Context: how is this associated with aristotle?

Context: what is it made up of?

Context: are there different types of cooling ?

Context: Yes - Adiabatic cooling , Non-adiabatic cooling

Question: can you describe the former one?

Answer: It occurs when one or more of three possible lifting agents – convective, cyclonic/frontal, or orographic – cause a parcel of air containing invisible water vapor to rise and cool to its dew point, the temperature at which the air becomes saturated.

Explanation:
Adiabatic cooling occurs when one or more of three possible lifting agents – convective, cyclonic/frontal, or orographic – cause a parcel of air containing invisible water vapor to rise and cool to its dew point, the temperature at which the air becomes saturated. The main mechanism behind this process is adiabatic cooling. As the air is cooled to its dew point and becomes saturated, water vapor normally condenses to form cloud drops. This condensation normally occurs on cloud condensation nuclei such as salt or dust particles that are small enough to be held aloft by normal circulation of the air.
One agent is the convective upward motion of air caused by daytime solar heating at surface level. Airmass instability allows for the formation of cumuliform clouds that can produce showers if the air is sufficiently moist. On moderately rare occasions, convective lift can be powerful enough to penetrate the tropopause and push the cloud top into the stratosphere.

Cloud [SEP] Adiabatic cooling


Context: how is this associated with aristotle?

Context: what is it made up of?

Context: are there different types of cooling ?

Context: can you describe the former one?

Context: It occurs when one or more of three possible lifting agents – convective, cyclonic/frontal, or orographic – cause a parcel of air containing invisible water vapor to rise and cool to its dew point, the temperature at which the air becomes saturated.

Question: what are its various types?

Answer: stratus, cirrus, stratocumulus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus.

Cloud [SEP] Introduction

Nephology is the science of clouds, which is undertaken in the cloud physics branch of meteorology. There are two methods of naming clouds in their respective layers of the homosphere, Latin and common. Genus types in the troposphere, the atmospheric layer closest to Earth's surface, have Latin names due to the universal adoption of Luke Howard's nomenclature that was formally proposed in 1802. It became the basis of a modern international system that divides clouds into five physical "forms" which can be further divided or classified into altitude "levels" to derive ten basic "genera". The main representative cloud types for each of these forms are stratus, cirrus, stratocumulus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus.


Context: how is this associated with aristotle?

Context: what is it made up of?

Context: are there different types of cooling ?

Context: can you describe the former one?

Context: what are its various types?

Context: stratus, cirrus, stratocumulus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus.

Question: what are accessory clouds?

Answer: Supplementary cloud formations detached from the main cloud are known as accessory clouds.

Cloud [SEP] Accessory clouds

Supplementary cloud formations detached from the main cloud are known as accessory clouds. The heavier precipitating clouds, nimbostratus, towering cumulus (cumulus congestus), and cumulonimbus typically see the formation in precipitation of the "pannus" feature, low ragged clouds of the genera and species cumulus fractus or stratus fractus. A group of accessory clouds comprise formations that are associated mainly with upward-growing cumuliform and cumulonimbiform clouds of free convection. "Pileus" is a cap cloud that can form over a cumulonimbus or large cumulus cloud, whereas a "velum" feature is a thin horizontal sheet that sometimes forms like an apron around the middle or in front of the parent cloud.


Context: how is this associated with aristotle?

Context: what is it made up of?

Context: are there different types of cooling ?

Context: can you describe the former one?

Context: what are its various types?

Context: what are accessory clouds?

Context: Supplementary cloud formations detached from the main cloud are known as accessory clouds.

Question: what are its physical forms?

Answer: Stratiform, Cirriform, Stratocumuliform, Cumuliform, Cumulonimbiform.

Cloud [SEP] Stratiform

"Nonconvective" stratiform clouds appear in "stable" airmass conditions and, in general, have flat, sheet-like structures that can form at any altitude in the troposphere. The stratiform group is divided by altitude range into the genera cirrostratus (high-level), altostratus (mid-level), stratus (low-level), and nimbostratus (multi-level). Fog is commonly considered a surface-based cloud layer. The fog may form at surface level in clear air or it may be the result of a very low stratus cloud subsiding to ground or sea level. Conversely, low stratiform clouds result when advection fog is lifted above surface level during breezy conditions.


Context: how is this associated with aristotle?

Context: what is it made up of?

Context: are there different types of cooling ?

Context: can you describe the former one?

Context: what are its various types?

Context: what are accessory clouds?

Context: what are its physical forms?

Context: Stratiform, Cirriform, Stratocumuliform, Cumuliform, Cumulonimbiform.

Question: what can you tell me about the former type of cloud mentioned above?

Answer: "Nonconvective" stratiform clouds appear in "stable" airmass conditions; They have flat, sheet-like structures that can form at any altitude in the troposphere

Explanation: "Nonconvective" stratiform clouds appear in "stable" airmass conditions and, in general, have flat, sheet-like structures that can form at any altitude in the troposphere. The stratiform group is divided by altitude range into the genera cirrostratus (high-level), altostratus (mid-level), stratus (low-level), and nimbostratus (multi-level). Fog is commonly considered a surface-based cloud layer. The fog may form at surface level in clear air or it may be the result of a very low stratus cloud subsiding to ground or sea level. Conversely, low stratiform clouds result when advection fog is lifted above surface level during breezy conditions.

Cloud [SEP] Stratiform


Context: how is this associated with aristotle?

Context: what is it made up of?

Context: are there different types of cooling ?

Context: can you describe the former one?

Context: what are its various types?

Context: what are accessory clouds?

Context: what are its physical forms?

Context: what can you tell me about the former type of cloud mentioned above?

Context: "Nonconvective" stratiform clouds appear in "stable" airmass conditions; They have flat, sheet-like structures that can form at any altitude in the troposphere

Question: what climatic effect does it have?

Answer: They are the source of precipitation, white cloud tops promote cooling of Earth's surface by reflecting shortwave radiation from the sun, diminishing the amount of solar radiation that is absorbed at the surface, enhancing the Earth's albedo.

Explanation:
Tropospheric clouds exert numerous influences on Earth's troposphere and climate. First and foremost, they are the source of precipitation, thereby greatly influencing the distribution and amount of precipitation. Because of their differential buoyancy relative to surrounding cloud-free air, clouds can be associated with vertical motions of the air that may be convective, frontal, or cyclonic. The motion is upward if the clouds are less dense because condensation of water vapor releases heat, warming the air and thereby decreasing its density. This can lead to downward motion because lifting of the air results in cooling that increases its density. All of these effects are subtly dependent on the vertical temperature and moisture structure of the atmosphere and result in major redistribution of heat that affect the Earth's climate.

The complexity and diversity of clouds in the troposphere is a major reason for difficulty in quantifying the effects of clouds on climate and climate chan

Cloud [SEP] Effects on the troposphere, climate, and climate change


Question: where was the movie a simple plan filmed

Answer: Rural Minnesota

A Simple Plan (film) [SEP] Introduction

A Simple Plan is a 1998 neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Sam Raimi and written by Scott B. Smith, based on Smith's 1993 novel of the same name. The film stars Bill Paxton, Billy Bob Thornton, and Bridget Fonda. Set in rural Minnesota, the story follows brothers Hank (Paxton) and Jacob Mitchell (Thornton), who, along with Jacob's friend Lou (Brent Briscoe), discover a crashed plane containing $4.4 million in cash. The three men and Hank's wife Sarah (Fonda) go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other's trust, resulting in lies, deceit and murder.


Context: where was the movie a simple plan filmed

Context: Rural Minnesota

Question: what is the storyline of this film?

Answer: Brothers Hank and Jacob Mitchell along with Lou, discover a crashed plane containing $4.4 million in cash, they go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other's trust, resulting in lies, deceit and murder

Explanation: Set in rural Minnesota, the story follows brothers Hank (Paxton) and Jacob Mitchell (Thornton), who, along with Jacob's friend Lou (Brent Briscoe), discover a crashed plane containing $4.4 million in cash. The three men and Hank's wife Sarah (Fonda) go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other's trust, resulting in lies, deceit and murder.

A Simple Plan (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: Brothers Hank and Jacob Mitchell along with Lou, discover a crashed plane containing $4.4 million in cash, they go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other's trust, resulting in lies, deceit and murder

Question: who directed it?

Answer: Sam Raimi

Explanation: A Simple Plan is a 1998 neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Sam Raimi and written by Scott B. Smith, based on Smith's 1993 novel of the same name.

A Simple Plan (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Question: who is he?

Answer: American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor

Sam Raimi [SEP] Introduction

Samuel M. Raimi (born October 23, 1959) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor primarily known for creating the cult horror "Evil Dead" series, and directing the "Spider-Man" trilogy (2002–2007). He also directed the 1990 superhero film "Darkman", the 1998 neo-noir crime-thriller "A Simple Plan", the 2000 supernatural thriller film "The Gift", the 2009 supernatural horror film "Drag Me to Hell", and the 2013 Disney fantasy film "Oz the Great and Powerful". Raimi has also produced several successful television series, including "" and its spin-off "". He founded the production company Renaissance Pictures in 1979. His current project includes "Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness" which is scheduled for a release on March 25, 2022.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor

Question: where is he from?

Answer: Royal Oak, Michigan

Sam Raimi [SEP] Early life

Raimi was born in Royal Oak, Michigan, to a Conservative Jewish family. His ancestors were Jewish immigrants from Russia and Hungary. He is the elder brother of actor Ted Raimi and the younger brother of screenwriter Ivan Raimi. His sister is Andrea Raimi Rubin. Another older brother, Sander Raimi, died at 15 in an accidental drowning; Sam Raimi has said that the trauma knitted the remaining family closer together and "colour[ed] everything [he's done] for the rest of [his] life." The fourth of five children born to Celia Barbara (née Abrams) and Leonard Ronald Raimi, Raimi grew up in Franklin, Michigan.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Question: what are some films he is famous for?

Answer: "Evil Dead" series, "Spider-Man" trilogy are some of them

Explanation: Samuel M. Raimi (born October 23, 1959) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor primarily known for creating the cult horror "Evil Dead" series, and directing the "Spider-Man" trilogy (2002–2007). He also directed the 1990 superhero film "Darkman", the 1998 neo-noir crime-thriller "A Simple Plan", the 2000 supernatural thriller film "The Gift", the 2009 supernatural horror film "Drag Me to Hell", and the 2013 Disney fantasy film "Oz the Great and Powerful".

Sam Raimi [SEP] Introduction


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: "Evil Dead" series, "Spider-Man" trilogy are some of them

Question: who did he marry?

Answer: Gillian Dania Greene

Sam Raimi [SEP] Personal life

Raimi has been married since 1993 to Gillian Dania Greene, daughter of actor Lorne Greene. They have five children, three of whom (daughter Emma Rose and sons Lorne and Henry) appeared as extras in "Drag Me to Hell", and in "Spider-Man 3" during the movie's final battle. Raimi has donated to both Democratic and Republican politicians. In 2004, he donated to George W. Bush's presidential campaign, and has also donated to Republican Senator Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania and Democratic Senator Barbara Boxer of California.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Question: what irn?s the economic situation of the place where he was born?

Answer: The place developed initially as a suburb after Detroit boomed as a major industrial city

Royal Oak, Michigan [SEP] Economy

Royal Oak developed initially as a suburb after Detroit boomed as a major industrial city. People began to move to the suburbs for newer housing, especially after World War II. It had a compact, traditional street-side shopping district, which runs along Main Street and Washington Avenue downtown. During the 2000s, this area was redeveloped with numerous new businesses, and is now considered a trendy, upscale, urban-chic district, featuring restaurants, shopping, and entertainment. A number of mixed-use high-rise developments have been constructed — mostly condo "lofts" with retail and office space on the lower levels. Points of interest include the Detroit Zoo, a major regional tourist attraction, the William Beaumont Hospital, the Royal Oak Music Theatre, the Main Art Theatre, the Baldwin Theatre, Mark Ridley's Comedy Castle, Emagine Theater, and shops, cafes, and restaurants.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what irn?s the economic situation of the place where he was born?

Context: The place developed initially as a suburb after Detroit boomed as a major industrial city

Question: what is the culture here like?

Answer: It features a wide assortment of nightlife venues, including the Royal Oak Music Theatre and the Landmark Main Art Theatre

Royal Oak, Michigan [SEP] Culture

Downtown Royal Oak features a wide assortment of nightlife venues, including the Royal Oak Music Theatre and the Landmark Main Art Theatre. Mark Ridley's Comedy Castle, a comedy club, was an early venue for performers such as Tim Allen and Dave Coulier. Allen's connections to Royal Oak would later in his career be alluded to in the sitcom "Home Improvement" as the protagonist's (played by Allen) place of residence. Royal Oak encompasses a major span of the Woodward Dream Cruise. The city sponsors ancillary events around the Cruise. It is the site of the Detroit Zoo, one of the region's leading tourist attractions.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what is the culture here like?

Context: It features a wide assortment of nightlife venues, including the Royal Oak Music Theatre and the Landmark Main Art Theatre

Question: what is the historical account behind this place?

Answer: It was not incorporated as a village until 1891, and as a city in 1921. It was named in 1819, during one of the surveying expeditions by Lewis Cass

Explanation: Royal Oak was not incorporated as a village until 1891, and as a city in 1921. It was named in 1819, during one of the surveying expeditions led by Territorial Governor Lewis Cass. A large oak tree at this small settlement reminded Cass of the story of the Royal Oak, where King Charles II of England was said to have hid to escape capture by the Roundheads after the Battle of Worcester. Cass named the settlement after that, several years after the United States had fought Great Britain across the northern border in the War of 1812.

Royal Oak, Michigan [SEP] History

Early Europeans in this area near Fort Detroit in the 18th century were mostly French Canadians; some traded with the Sauk, Huron, and other Native Americans in the area. After defeating France in the Seven Years' War, Great Britain took control of their territory east of the Mississippi River, including Fort Detroit and environs. After the American Revolutionary War, Britain promoted development of what was then called Upper Canada and Province of Quebec, across the Detroit and St. Clair rivers to the south and east. Royal Oak was not incorporated as a village until 1891, and as a city in 1921.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what is the culture here like?

Context: what is the historical account behind this place?

Context: It was not incorporated as a village until 1891, and as a city in 1921. It was named in 1819, during one of the surveying expeditions by Lewis Cass

Question: who is this last mentioned person?

Answer: American military officer, politician, and statesman

Lewis Cass [SEP] Introduction

Lewis Cass (October 9, 1782June 17, 1866) was an American military officer, politician, and statesman. He represented Michigan in the United States Senate and served in the Cabinets of two U.S. Presidents, Andrew Jackson and James Buchanan. He was also the 1848 Democratic presidential nominee and a leading spokesman for the Doctrine of Popular Sovereignty, which held that the people in each territory should decide whether to permit slavery. Born in Exeter, New Hampshire, he attended Phillips Exeter Academy before establishing a legal practice in Zanesville, Ohio. After serving in the Ohio House of Representatives, he was appointed as a U.S.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what is the culture here like?

Context: who is this last mentioned person?

Context: American military officer, politician, and statesman

Question: which war did he take part in?

Answer: Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812

Lewis Cass [SEP] Introduction

Marshal. Cass also joined the Freemasons and would eventually co-found the Grand Lodge of Michigan. He fought at the Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812 and was appointed to govern Michigan Territory in 1813. He negotiated treaties with Native Americans to open land for American settlement and led a survey expedition into the northwest part of the territory. Cass resigned as governor in 1831 to accept appointment as Secretary of War under Andrew Jackson. As Secretary of War, he helped implement Jackson's policy of Indian removal. After serving as ambassador to France from 1836 to 1842, he unsuccessfully sought the presidential nomination at the 1844 Democratic National Convention; a deadlock between supporters of Cass and former President Martin Van Buren ended with the nomination of James K.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what is the culture here like?

Context: who is this last mentioned person?

Context: which war did he take part in?

Context: Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812

Question: where did this war take place?

Answer: Upper Canada, near Chatham

Battle of the Thames [SEP] Introduction

The Battle of the Thames , also known as the Battle of Moraviantown, was an American victory in the War of 1812 against Tecumseh's Confederacy and their British allies. It took place on October 5, 1813 in Upper Canada, near Chatham. The British lost control of Southwestern Ontario as a result of the battle; Tecumseh and war chief Roundhead were killed, and Tecumseh's Confederacy largely fell apart. British troops under Major General Henry Procter had occupied Detroit until the United States Navy gained control of Lake Erie, cutting them off from their supplies. Procter was forced to retreat north up the Thames River to Moraviantown, followed by the tribal confederacy under Shawnee leader Tecumseh and war chief Roundhead who were his allies.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what is the culture here like?

Context: who is this last mentioned person?

Context: which war did he take part in?

Context: Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812

Context: where did this war take place?

Context: Upper Canada, near Chatham

Question: what was his early days like?

Answer: He studied law with Return J. Meigs Jr., was admitted to the bar, and began a practice in Zanesville

Lewis Cass [SEP] Early life

Cass was born on October 9, 1782, in Exeter, New Hampshire, just after the end of the American Revolution. His parents were Molly (née Gilman) Cass and Major Jonathan Cass, a Revolutionary War veteran who fought under General George Washington at Bunker Hill. Cass attended the private Phillips Exeter Academy. In 1800, the family moved to Marietta, Ohio, part of a wave of westward migration after the end of the war and defeat of Native Americans in the Northwest Indian War. Cass studied law with Return J. Meigs Jr., was admitted to the bar, and began a practice in Zanesville.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what is the culture here like?

Context: who is this last mentioned person?

Context: which war did he take part in?

Context: Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812

Context: where did this war take place?

Context: Upper Canada, near Chatham

Context: what was his early days like?

Context: He studied law with Return J. Meigs Jr., was admitted to the bar, and began a practice in Zanesville

Question: who is the former mentioned person?

Answer: A Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio

Explanation: Return Jonathan Meigs Jr. (; November 17, 1764January 28, 1823) was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio. He served as the fourth Governor of Ohio, fifth United States Postmaster General, and as a United States Senator.

Return J. Meigs Jr. [SEP] Introduction


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what is the culture here like?

Context: who is this last mentioned person?

Context: which war did he take part in?

Context: Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812

Context: where did this war take place?

Context: Upper Canada, near Chatham

Context: what was his early days like?

Context: who is the former mentioned person?

Context: A Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio

Question: what is the weather like in this aforesaid state?

Answer: Humid continental climate

Ohio [SEP] Climate

The climate of Ohio is a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification "Dfa/Dfb") throughout most of the state, except in the extreme southern counties of Ohio's Bluegrass region section, which are located on the northern periphery of the humid subtropical climate ("Cfa") and Upland South region of the United States. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold. Precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round. Severe weather is not uncommon in the state, although there are typically fewer tornado reports in Ohio than in states located in what is known as the Tornado Alley.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what is the culture here like?

Context: who is this last mentioned person?

Context: which war did he take part in?

Context: Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812

Context: where did this war take place?

Context: Upper Canada, near Chatham

Context: what was his early days like?

Context: who is the former mentioned person?

Context: what is the weather like in this aforesaid state?

Context: Humid continental climate

Question: were there any earthquakes in this place?

Answer: Yes

Ohio [SEP] Earthquakes

Although few have registered as noticeable to the average resident, more than 200 earthquakes with a magnitude of 2.0 or higher have occurred in Ohio since 1776. The Western Ohio Seismic Zone and a portion of the Southern Great Lakes Seismic Zone are located in the state, and numerous faults lie under the surface. The most substantial known earthquake in Ohio history was the Anna (Shelby County) earthquake, which occurred on March 9, 1937. It was centered in western Ohio, and had a magnitude of 5.4, and was of intensity VIII. Other significant earthquakes in Ohio include: one of magnitude 4.8 near Lima on September 19, 1884; one of magnitude 4.2 near Portsmouth on May 17, 1901; and one of 5.0 in LeRoy Township in Lake County on January 31, 1986, which continued to trigger 13 aftershocks of magnitude 0.5 to 2.4 for two months.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what is the culture here like?

Context: who is this last mentioned person?

Context: which war did he take part in?

Context: Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812

Context: where did this war take place?

Context: Upper Canada, near Chatham

Context: what was his early days like?

Context: who is the former mentioned person?

Context: Humid continental climate

Context: were there any earthquakes in this place?

Context: Yes

Question: what happened here during colonial era?

Answer: British military control came to an end with the colonists' victory in the American Revolution

Ohio [SEP] Colonial and Revolutionary eras

During the 18th century, the French set up a system of trading posts to control the fur trade in the region. Beginning in 1754, France and Great Britain fought the French and Indian War. As a result of the Treaty of Paris, the French ceded control of Ohio and the remainder of the Old Northwest to Great Britain. Pontiac's Rebellion in the 1760s, however, posed a challenge to British military control. This came to an end with the colonists' victory in the American Revolution. In the Treaty of Paris in 1783, Britain ceded all claims to Ohio country to the United States.


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what is the culture here like?

Context: who is this last mentioned person?

Context: which war did he take part in?

Context: Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812

Context: where did this war take place?

Context: Upper Canada, near Chatham

Context: what was his early days like?

Context: who is the former mentioned person?

Context: Humid continental climate

Context: Yes

Context: what happened here during colonial era?

Context: British military control came to an end with the colonists' victory in the American Revolution

Question: what are some main cities here?

Answer: Columbus, Akron, Canton, Cleveland, Mansfield, Youngstown, Lima and Toledo, etc

Explanation:
Columbus is the capital of Ohio, located near the geographic center of the state and well known for The Ohio State University. However, other Ohio cities function as economic and cultural centers of metropolitan areas. Akron, Canton, Cleveland, Mansfield, and Youngstown are in the Northeast, known for major industrial companies Goodyear Tire and Rubber and Timken, top ranked colleges Case Western Reserve University and Kent State University, the Cleveland Clinic, and cultural attractions including the Cleveland Museum of Art, Big Five group Cleveland Orchestra, Playhouse Square, the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Lima and Toledo are the major cities in Northwest Ohio.

Ohio [SEP] Major cities


Context: Rural Minnesota

Context: what is the storyline of this film?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Sam Raimi

Context: who is he?

Context: where is he from?

Context: Royal Oak, Michigan

Context: what are some films he is famous for?

Context: who did he marry?

Context: Gillian Dania Greene

Context: what is the culture here like?

Context: who is this last mentioned person?

Context: which war did he take part in?

Context: Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812

Context: where did this war take place?

Context: Upper Canada, near Chatham

Context: what was his early days like?

Context: who is the former mentioned person?

Context: Humid continental climate

Context: Yes

Context: what happened here during colonial era?

Context: what are some main cities here?

Context: Columbus, Akron, Canton, Cleveland, Mansfield, Youngstown, Lima and Toledo, etc

Question: what is known about the last city?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Ohio [SEP] Major cities


Question: who was alexander cameron rutherford?

Answer: Canadian lawyer and politician

Alexander Cameron Rutherford [SEP] Introduction

Alexander Cameron Rutherford (February 2, 1857 – June 11, 1941) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the first premier of Alberta from 1905 to 1910. Born in Ormond, Canada West, he studied and practised law in Ottawa before he moved with his family to the North-West Territories in 1895. There, he began his political career, winning in his third attempt a seat in the North-West Legislative Assembly. In keeping with the territorial custom, Rutherford ran as an independent but generally supported the territorial administration of Premier Frederick W. A. G. Haultain. At the federal level, however, Rutherford was a Liberal.


Context:
who was alexander cameron rutherford?
Canadian lawyer and politician

Question: where was he born?

Answer: On a  dairy farm near Ormond, Canada West

Alexander Cameron Rutherford [SEP] Early life

Alexander Rutherford was born February 2, 1857, near Ormond, Canada West, on his family's dairy farm. His parents, James (1817–1891) and Elspet "Elizabeth" (1818–1901) Cameron Rutherford, had immigrated from Scotland two years previous. They joined the Baptist Church, and his father joined the Liberal Party of Canada and served for a time on the Osgoode village council. Rutherford attended public school locally and, after rejecting dairy farming as a vocation, enrolled in a Metcalfe high school. After graduating in 1874, he attended the Canadian Literary Institute, a Baptist college in Woodstock. He graduated from there in 1876 and taught for a year in Osgoode.


Context: who was alexander cameron rutherford?

Context: Canadian lawyer and politician

Context: where was he born?

Context: On a  dairy farm near Ormond, Canada West

Question: what was his connection with alberta?

Answer: He was elected university's Chancellor in 1927.

Alexander Cameron Rutherford [SEP] University of Alberta

Convocation was not the only reason that students visited Rutherford's home. He had a wealth of both knowledge and books on Canadian subjects and welcomed students to consult his private library. The library eventually expanded beyond the room in his mansion devoted to it, to encompass the house's den, maid's sitting room, and garage as well. After his death, the collection was donated and sold to the university's library system; it was described in 1967 as "still the most important rare collection in the library". Rutherford remained on the university's senate until 1927, when he was elected Chancellor. The position was the titular head of the university, and its primary duty was presiding over convocations.


Context: who was alexander cameron rutherford?

Context: Canadian lawyer and politician

Context: where was he born?

Context: what was his connection with alberta?

Context: He was elected university's Chancellor in 1927.

Question: was he involved in any ontroversies?

Answer: Yes, in a Railway scandal.

Explanation:
 John R. Boyle began to ask questions about the agreement between the government and the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway Company, and Cushing resigned from cabinet over his views of this same agreement.

The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway was one of several companies that had been granted charters and assistance by the legislature to build new railways in the province.

Alexander Cameron Rutherford [SEP] Railway scandal

The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway was one of several companies that had been granted charters and assistance by the legislature to build new railways in the province. The government support that it received was more generous than that received by the more established railways, such as the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway and the Canadian Northern Railway. Boyle, Cushing, and Bennett alleged favouritism or ineptitude by Rutherford and his government, and they pointed to the sale of government-guaranteed bonds in support of the company as further evidence. Because of the high interest rate they paid, the bonds were sold at above par value, but the government received only par for them and left the company to pocket the difference.


Context: who was alexander cameron rutherford?

Context: Canadian lawyer and politician

Context: where was he born?

Context: what was his connection with alberta?

Context: was he involved in any ontroversies?

Context: Yes, in a Railway scandal.

Question: whom did he marry?

Answer: Mattie Birkett

Rutherford married Birkett's niece, Mattie Birkett, in December 1888. The couple had three children: Cecil (born in 1890), Hazel (born in 1893), and Marjorie (born in 1903 but died sixteen months later). Rutherford had a traditional view of gender roles and was happy to leave most childrearing responsibilities to his wife.