Context: who is the writer of this story?

Context: Hans Christian Andersen

Context: where is he from?

Context: Odense, Denmark

Question: has he written any other stories apart from former one?

Answer: Yes,  "The Emperor's New Clothes," "The Little Mermaid," "The Nightingale," "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Red Shoes", "The Princess and the Pea," "The Snow Queen," "The Ugly Duckling," "The Little Match Girl," and "Thumbelina."

Hans Christian Andersen [SEP] Introduction

Hans Christian Andersen (, ; 2 April 1805 – 4 August 1875), in Denmark usually called H.C. Andersen, was a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogues, novels, and poems, he is best remembered for his fairy tales. Andersen's fairy tales, consisting of 156 stories across nine volumes and translated into more than 125 languages, have become culturally embedded in the West's collective consciousness, readily accessible to children, but presenting lessons of virtue and resilience in the face of adversity for mature readers as well. His most famous fairy tales include "The Emperor's New Clothes," "The Little Mermaid," "The Nightingale," "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Red Shoes", "The Princess and the Pea," "The Snow Queen," "The Ugly Duckling," "The Little Match Girl," and "Thumbelina." His stories have inspired ballets, plays, and animated and live-action films.


Context: what is the moral of the story princess and the pea

Context: The story ends with the pea being placed in a museum, where according to the story it can still be seen today unless someone has removed it.

Context: who is the writer of this story?

Context: Hans Christian Andersen

Context: where is he from?

Context: Odense, Denmark

Context: has he written any other stories apart from former one?

Context: Yes,  "The Emperor's New Clothes," "The Little Mermaid," "The Nightingale," "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Red Shoes", "The Princess and the Pea," "The Snow Queen," "The Ugly Duckling," "The Little Match Girl," and "Thumbelina."

Question: has he also written travelogues?

Answer: Yes, some of them are  "Shadow Pictures of a Journey to the Harz, Swiss Saxony, "A Poet's Bazaar", etc.

Hans Christian Andersen [SEP] Travelogues

In 1851, he published "In Sweden", a volume of travel sketches. The publication received wide acclaims. A keen traveler, Andersen published several other long travelogues: "Shadow Pictures of a Journey to the Harz, Swiss Saxony, etc. etc. in the Summer of 1831", "A Poet's Bazaar", "In Spain" and "A Visit to Portugal in 1866". (The last describes his visit with his Portuguese friends Jorge and Jose O'Neill, who were his friends in the mid-1820s while he was living in Copenhagen.) In his travelogues, Andersen took heed of some of the contemporary conventions related to travel writing but he always developed the style to suit his own purpose.


Context: who is the writer of this story?

Context: Hans Christian Andersen

Context: where is he from?

Context: Odense, Denmark

Context: has he also written travelogues?

Context: Yes, some of them are  "Shadow Pictures of a Journey to the Harz, Swiss Saxony, "A Poet's Bazaar", etc.

Question: what is the princess story about?

Answer: It is a literary fairy tale about a young woman whose royal identity is established by a test of her sensitivity

The Princess and the Pea [SEP] Introduction

"The Princess and the Pea" (; literal translation: "The Princess on the Pea") is a literary fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen about a young woman whose royal identity is established by a test of her sensitivity. The tale was first published with three others by Andersen in an inexpensive booklet on 8 May 1835 in Copenhagen by C. A. Reitzel. Andersen had heard the story as a child, and it likely has its source in folk material, possibly originating from Sweden, as it is unknown in the Danish oral tradition. Neither "The Princess and the Pea" nor Andersen's other tales of 1835 were well received by Danish critics, who disliked their casual, chatty style and their lack of morals.


Context: who is the writer of this story?

Context: Hans Christian Andersen

Context: where is he from?

Context: Odense, Denmark

Context: has he also written travelogues?

Context: what is the princess story about?

Context: It is a literary fairy tale about a young woman whose royal identity is established by a test of her sensitivity

Question: what is this tale about?

Answer: A fairy tale is an instance of a folklore genre that takes the form of a short story

Fairy tale [SEP] Introduction

A fairy tale, fairytale, wonder tale, magic tale, or Märchen is an instance of a folklore genre that takes the form of a short story. Such stories typically feature entities such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments. In most cultures, there is no clear line separating myth from folk or fairy tale; all these together form the literature of preliterate societies. Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends (which generally involve belief in the veracity of the events described) and explicit moral tales, including beast fables.


Context: who is the writer of this story?

Context: Hans Christian Andersen

Context: where is he from?

Context: Odense, Denmark

Context: has he also written travelogues?

Context: what is the princess story about?

Context: what is this tale about?

Context: A fairy tale is an instance of a folklore genre that takes the form of a short story

Question: is it associated with anyone?

Answer: iginally, adults were the audience of a fairy tale just as often as children

Fairy tale [SEP] Association with children

Originally, adults were the audience of a fairy tale just as often as children. Literary fairy tales appeared in works intended for adults, but in the 19th and 20th centuries the fairy tale became associated with children's literature. The "précieuses", including Madame d'Aulnoy, intended their works for adults, but regarded their source as the tales that servants, or other women of lower class, would tell to children. Indeed, a novel of that time, depicting a countess's suitor offering to tell such a tale, has the countess exclaim that she loves fairy tales as if she were still a child. Among the late "précieuses", Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont redacted a version of "Beauty and the Beast" for children, and it is her tale that is best known today.


Context: who is the writer of this story?

Context: Hans Christian Andersen

Context: where is he from?

Context: Odense, Denmark

Context: has he also written travelogues?

Context: what is the princess story about?

Context: what is this tale about?

Context: is it associated with anyone?

Context: iginally, adults were the audience of a fairy tale just as often as children

Question: are there also films in this genre?

Answer: Yes, films such as "Cinderella" ,  "Sleeping Beauty", "The Little Mermaid" ,etc.

Explanation: Disney and his creative successors have returned to traditional and literary fairy tales numerous times with films such as "Cinderella" (1950), "Sleeping Beauty" (1959), "The Little Mermaid" (1989) and "Beauty and the Beast" (1991).

Fairy tale [SEP] Film

Others have used the conventions of fairy tales to create new stories with sentiments more relevant to contemporary life, as in "Labyrinth", "My Neighbor Totoro", "Happily N'Ever After", and the films of Michel Ocelot. Other works have retold familiar fairy tales in a darker, more horrific or psychological variant aimed primarily at adults. Notable examples are Jean Cocteau's "Beauty and the Beast" and "The Company of Wolves", based on Angela Carter's retelling of "Little Red Riding Hood". Likewise, "Princess Mononoke", "Pan's Labyrinth", "Suspiria", and "Spike" create new stories in this genre from fairy tale and folklore motifs.


Context: who is the writer of this story?

Context: Hans Christian Andersen

Context: where is he from?

Context: Odense, Denmark

Context: has he also written travelogues?

Context: what is the princess story about?

Context: what is this tale about?

Context: is it associated with anyone?

Context: are there also films in this genre?

Context: Yes, films such as "Cinderella" ,  "Sleeping Beauty", "The Little Mermaid" ,etc.

Question: what was the princess story originally written in?

Answer: Danish

The Princess and the Pea [SEP] English translation

Charles Boner was the first to translate "The Princess and the Pea" into English, working from a German translation that had increased Andersen's lone pea to a trio of peas in an attempt to make the story more credible, an embellishment also added by another early English translator, Caroline Peachey. Boner's translation was published as "The Princess on the Peas" in "A Danish Story-Book" in 1846. Boner has been accused of missing the satire of the tale by ending with the rhetorical question, "Now was not that a lady of exquisite feeling?" rather than Andersen's joke of the pea being placed in the Royal Museum.


Context: who is the writer of this story?

Context: Hans Christian Andersen

Context: where is he from?

Context: Odense, Denmark

Context: has he also written travelogues?

Context: what is the princess story about?

Context: what is this tale about?

Context: is it associated with anyone?

Context: are there also films in this genre?

Context: what was the princess story originally written in?

Context: Danish

Question: and was it translated into any other languages?

Answer: Yes, translated into English by Charles Boner

Explanation: Charles Boner was the first to translate "The Princess and the Pea" into English,


Question: someone who went to california during the gold rush

Answer: Forty-niners.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Discovery announced

Rumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting "Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River!" On August 19, 1848, the "New York Herald" was the first major newspaper on the East Coast to report the discovery of gold. On December 5, 1848, US President James K. Polk confirmed the discovery of gold in an address to Congress. As a result, individuals seeking to benefit from the gold rush—later called the "forty-niners"—began moving to the Gold Country of California or "Mother Lode" from other countries and from other parts of the United States.


Context: someone who went to california during the gold rush

Context: Forty-niners.

Question: when did it take place?

Answer: 1848.

Explanation: Rumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and wa


Context: Forty-niners.

Context: when did it take place?

Question: who was the first person to discover it?

Answer: James W. Marshall.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction

The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden influx of gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and accelerated the Native American population's decline from disease, starvation and the California Genocide.


Context: Forty-niners.

Context: when did it take place?

Context: who was the first person to discover it?

Context: James W. Marshall.

Question: how many took part in it?

Answer: The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.

Explanation: The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction


Context: Forty-niners.

Context: when did it take place?

Context: James W. Marshall.

Context: how many took part in it?

Context: The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.

Question: what was it's impact?

Answer: The human and environmental costs of the Gold Rush were substantial. Native Americans, dependent on traditional hunting, gathering and agriculture, became the victims of starvation and disease, as gravel, silt and toxic chemicals from prospecting operations killed fish and destroyed habitats.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Impact on Native Americans

The human and environmental costs of the Gold Rush were substantial. Native Americans, dependent on traditional hunting, gathering and agriculture, became the victims of starvation and disease, as gravel, silt and toxic chemicals from prospecting operations killed fish and destroyed habitats. The surge in the mining population also resulted in the disappearance of game and food gathering locales as gold camps and other settlements were built amidst them. Later farming spread to supply the settlers' camps, taking more land away from the Native Americans. In some areas, systematic attacks against tribespeople in or near mining districts occurred. Various conflicts were fought between natives and settlers.


Context: Forty-niners.

Context: when did it take place?

Context: James W. Marshall.

Context: how many took part in it?

Context: what was it's impact?

Context: The human and environmental costs of the Gold Rush were substantial. Native Americans, dependent on traditional hunting, gathering and agriculture, became the victims of starvation and disease, as gravel, silt and toxic chemicals from prospecting operations killed fish and destroyed habitats.

Question: how did it effect the world economy?

Answer: It stimulated economies around the world.

California Gold Rush [SEP] World-wide economic stimulation

The Gold Rush stimulated economies around the world as well. Farmers in Chile, Australia, and Hawaii found a huge new market for their food; British manufactured goods were in high demand; clothing and even prefabricated houses arrived from China. The return of large amounts of California gold to pay for these goods raised prices and stimulated investment and the creation of jobs around the world. Australian prospector Edward Hargraves, noting similarities between the geography of California and his home country, returned to Australia to discover gold and spark the Australian gold rushes. Preceding the Gold Rush, the United States was on a bi-metallic standard, but the sudden increase in physical gold supply increased the relative value of physical silver and drove silver money from circulation.


Context: Forty-niners.

Context: when did it take place?

Context: James W. Marshall.

Context: how many took part in it?

Context: what was it's impact?

Context: how did it effect the world economy?

Context: It stimulated economies around the world.

Question: where did the event take place?

Answer: California, United States of America.

Explanation: The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction


Context: Forty-niners.

Context: when did it take place?

Context: James W. Marshall.

Context: how many took part in it?

Context: what was it's impact?

Context: how did it effect the world economy?

Context: where did the event take place?

Context: California, United States of America.

Question: how long did it last?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

California Gold Rush [SEP] Introduction


Context: Forty-niners.

Context: when did it take place?

Context: James W. Marshall.

Context: how many took part in it?

Context: what was it's impact?

Context: how did it effect the world economy?

Context: where did the event take place?

Context: California, United States of America.

Context: how long did it last?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how was california effected by this?

Answer: There was a boom in transportation-goods investment.

California Gold Rush [SEP] Near-term effects

The arrival of hundreds of thousands of new people in California within a few years, compared to a population of some 15,000 Europeans and "Californios" beforehand, had many dramatic effects. A 2017 study attributes the record-long economic expansion of the United States in the recession-free period of 1841–1856 primarily to "a boom in transportation-goods investment following the discovery of gold in California."


Context: Forty-niners.

Context: when did it take place?

Context: James W. Marshall.

Context: how many took part in it?

Context: what was it's impact?

Context: how did it effect the world economy?

Context: where did the event take place?

Context: California, United States of America.

Context: how long did it last?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how was california effected by this?

Context: There was a boom in transportation-goods investment.

Question: where did the state get it's name?

Answer: The name likely derived from the mythical island of California in the fictional story of Queen Calafia.

California [SEP] Etymology

The Spaniards gave the name to the peninsula of Baja California and to Alta California, the region that became the present-day states of California, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Wyoming. The name likely derived from the mythical island of California in the fictional story of Queen Calafia, as recorded in a 1510 work "The Adventures of Esplandián" by Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. This work was the fifth in a popular Spanish chivalric romance series that began with "Amadis de Gaula". Queen Calafia's kingdom was said to be a remote land rich in gold and pearls, inhabited by beautiful black women who wore gold armor and lived like Amazons, as well as griffins and other strange beasts.


Question: where was agent orange stored in the united states

Answer: Bien Hoa Air Base

Operation Ranch Hand [SEP] Operations

For most of the war, Operation Ranch Hand was based at Bien Hoa Air Base (1966–1970), for operations in the Mekong Delta region where U.S. Navy patrol boats were vulnerable to attack from areas of undergrowth along the water's edge. Storage, mixing, loading, and washing areas and a parking ramp were located just off the base's inside taxiway between the Hot Cargo Ramp and the control tower. For operations along the central coast and the Ho Chi Minh trail regions, "Ranch Hand" operated out of Da Nang Air Base (1964–71). Other bases of operation included Phù Cát Air Base (1968–1970), Tan Son Nhut Air Base (1962–66), Nha Trang Air Base (1968–69), Phan Rang Air Base (1970–72), and Tuy Hoa Air Base (1971–72).


Context: where was agent orange stored in the united states

Context: Bien Hoa Air Base

Question: what is this agent exactly?

Answer: It is an herbicide and defoliant chemical, one of the "tactical use" Rainbow Herbicides - used by the U.S. military as part of its chemical warfare program.

Agent Orange [SEP] Introduction

Agent Orange is an herbicide and defoliant chemical, one of the "tactical use" Rainbow Herbicides. It is widely known for its use by the U.S. military as part of its chemical warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971. It is a mixture of equal parts of two herbicides, 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D. In addition to its damaging environmental effects, traces of dioxin (mainly TCDD, the most toxic of its type) found in the mixture have caused major health problems for many individuals who were exposed. Up to four million people in Vietnam were exposed to the defoliant.


Context: Bien Hoa Air Base

Context: what is this agent exactly?

Context: It is an herbicide and defoliant chemical, one of the "tactical use" Rainbow Herbicides - used by the U.S. military as part of its chemical warfare program.

Question: what were its uses in the vietnam war?

Answer: It was used in Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971.

Explanation: It is widely known for its use by the U.S. military as part of its chemical warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971.

Agent Orange [SEP] Introduction


Context: Bien Hoa Air Base

Context: what is this agent exactly?

Context: what were its uses in the vietnam war?

Context: It was used in Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971.

Question: who fought in the war you just mentioned?

Answer: Between North Vietnam (supported by  the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies); and south Vietnam (supported by the United States, South Korea, the Philippines, Australia, Thailand, and other anti-communist allies).

Vietnam War [SEP] Introduction

The Vietnam War (), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America () or simply the American War, was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies; South Vietnam was supported by the United States, South Korea, the Philippines, Australia, Thailand, and other anti-communist allies. The war, considered a Cold War-era proxy war by some, lasted 19 years, with direct U.S.


Context: Bien Hoa Air Base

Context: what is this agent exactly?

Context: what were its uses in the vietnam war?

Context: who fought in the war you just mentioned?

Context: Between North Vietnam (supported by  the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies); and south Vietnam (supported by the United States, South Korea, the Philippines, Australia, Thailand, and other anti-communist allies).

Question: what is one myth that is related to it?

Answer: Kuzmarov in "The Myth of the Addicted Army: Vietnam and the Modern War on Drugs" challenges the popular and Hollywood narrative that US soldiers were heavy drug users.

Explanation: Kuzmarov in "The Myth of the Addicted Army: Vietnam and the Modern War on Drugs" challenges the popular and Hollywood narrative that US soldiers were heavy drug users, in particular the notion that the My Lai massacre was caused by drug use. According to Kuzmarov, Richard Nixon is primarily responsible for creating the drug myth

Vietnam War [SEP] Myths

Myths play a central role in the historiography of the Vietnam War, and have become a part of the culture of the United States. Much like the general historiography of the war, discussion of myth has focused on U.S. experiences, but changing myths of war have also played a role in Vietnamese and Australian historiography. Recent scholarship has focused on "myth-busting", attacking the previous orthodox and revisionist schools of American historiography of the Vietnam War. This scholarship challenges myths about American society and soldiery in the Vietnam War. Kuzmarov in "The Myth of the Addicted Army: Vietnam and the Modern War on Drugs" challenges the popular and Hollywood narrative that US soldiers were heavy drug users, in particular the notion that the My Lai massacre was caused by drug use.


Context: Bien Hoa Air Base

Context: what is this agent exactly?

Context: what were its uses in the vietnam war?

Context: what is one myth that is related to it?

Context: Kuzmarov in "The Myth of the Addicted Army: Vietnam and the Modern War on Drugs" challenges the popular and Hollywood narrative that US soldiers were heavy drug users.

Question: what was the role of nurses?

Answer: Early in 1963, the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) launched Operation Nightingale, an intensive effort to recruit nurses to serve in Vietnam.

Vietnam War [SEP] American nurses

American women served on active duty performing a variety of jobs. Early in 1963, the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) launched Operation Nightingale, an intensive effort to recruit nurses to serve in Vietnam. First Lieutenant Sharon Lane was the only female military nurse to be killed by enemy gunfire during the war, on 8 June 1969. One civilian doctor, Eleanor Ardel Vietti, who was captured by Viet Cong on 30 May 1962, in Buôn Ma Thuột, remains the only American woman unaccounted for from the Vietnam War. Although a small number of women were assigned to combat zones, they were never allowed directly in the field of battle.


Context: Bien Hoa Air Base

Context: what is this agent exactly?

Context: what were its uses in the vietnam war?

Context: what is one myth that is related to it?

Context: what was the role of nurses?

Context: Early in 1963, the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) launched Operation Nightingale, an intensive effort to recruit nurses to serve in Vietnam.

Question: what is rvnaf with reference to the base you mentioned earlier?

Answer: It is the Republic of Vietnam Air Force

Bien Hoa Air Base [SEP] Introduction

Bien Hoa Air Base is a Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF; Vietnamese: "Không quân Nhân dân Việt Nam") military airfield located in South-Central southern Vietnam about from Ho Chi Minh City, across the Dong Nai river in the northern ward of Tân Phong, and within the city of Biên Hòa within Đồng Nai Province. The boomburb city is densely populated and rings the base, despite the astronomical level of agent orange toxins simply left there for decades. The base is scheduled to begin cleanup by 2019. During the Vietnam War the base was used by the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF).


Context: Bien Hoa Air Base

Context: what is this agent exactly?

Context: what were its uses in the vietnam war?

Context: what is one myth that is related to it?

Context: what was the role of nurses?

Context: what is rvnaf with reference to the base you mentioned earlier?

Context: It is the Republic of Vietnam Air Force

Question: what was the use of rvnaf?

Answer: On 1 June 1956 the RVNAF's 1st Fighter Squadron was formed here equipped with 25 F8F Bearcats, later re-equipping with AD-6s.

Bien Hoa Air Base [SEP] RVNAF use

On 1 June 1956 the RVNAF's 1st Fighter Squadron (redesignated the 514th Fighter Squadron in January 1963) was formed here equipped with 25 F8F Bearcats, later re-equipping with AD-6s. From this point Bien Hoa became the base of newly formed and continually growing air units. The RVNAF 2311th Air Group, later to become an air wing, and the 311th Air Division were also stationed there and the base supported the greatest number of air combat units than any other in South Vietnam. On 18 March 1964 the newly formed 518th Fighter Squadron began operations from the base with an original strength of 10 A-1Hs, it would grow to 25 aircraft authorized.


Context: Bien Hoa Air Base

Context: what is this agent exactly?

Context: what were its uses in the vietnam war?

Context: what is one myth that is related to it?

Context: what was the role of nurses?

Context: It is the Republic of Vietnam Air Force

Context: what was the use of rvnaf?

Context: On 1 June 1956 the RVNAF's 1st Fighter Squadron was formed here equipped with 25 F8F Bearcats, later re-equipping with AD-6s.

Question: who captured the base?

Answer: The PAVN

Bien Hoa Air Base [SEP] Capture of Bien Hoa Air Base

By 19 April Xuân Lộc was completely surrounded and the ARVN command ordered its forces there to withdraw to defend Saigon. On 20 April after launching a diversionary attack east of Xuân Lộc, the ARVN units in the town broke out and on 21 April the PAVN captured the town. On 25 April the 3rd Armored Regiment which was fighting at the town of Hung Nghia was ordered to withdraw west along Route 1 to defend Bien Hoa.


Context: Bien Hoa Air Base

Context: what is this agent exactly?

Context: what were its uses in the vietnam war?

Context: what is one myth that is related to it?

Context: what was the role of nurses?

Context: It is the Republic of Vietnam Air Force

Context: what was the use of rvnaf?

Context: who captured the base?

Context: The PAVN

Question: the chemical agent that we talked about earlier, how did it effect ecologically?

Answer: The persistent nature of dioxins, erosion caused by loss of tree cover, and loss of seedling forest stock meant that reforestation was difficult (or impossible) in many areas.

Explanation: About 17.8%——of the total forested area of Vietnam was sprayed during the war, which disrupted the ecological equilibrium. The persistent nature of dioxins, erosion caused by loss of tree cover, and loss of seedling forest stock meant that reforestation was difficult (or impossible) in many areas. Many defoliated forest areas were quickly invaded by aggressive pioneer species (such as bamboo and cogon grass), making forest regeneration difficult and unlikely. Animal species diversity was also impacted; in one study a Harvard biologist found 24 species of birds and 5 species of mammals in a sprayed forest, while in two adjacent sections of unsprayed forest there were 145 and 170 species of birds and 30 and 55 species of mammals.

Agent Orange [SEP] Ecological impact


Question: international convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination ratification

Answer: It is a United Nations convention

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination [SEP] Introduction

The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is a United Nations convention. A third-generation human rights instrument, the Convention commits its members to the elimination of racial discrimination and the promotion of understanding among all races. The Convention also requires its parties to outlaw hate speech and criminalize membership in racist organizations. The Convention also includes an individual complaints mechanism, effectively making it enforceable against its parties. This has led to the development of a limited jurisprudence on the interpretation and implementation of the Convention. The convention was adopted and opened for signature by the United Nations General Assembly on 21 December 1965, and entered into force on 4 January 1969.


Context: international convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination ratification

Context: It is a United Nations convention

Question: when did this convention take place?

Answer: Adopted on 21 December 1965, and entered into force on 4 January 1969

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

Explanation: The convention was adopted and opened for signature by the United Nations General Assembly on 21 December 1965, and entered into force on 4 January 1969. As of July 2020, it has 88 signatories and 182 parties.


Context: It is a United Nations convention

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: Adopted on 21 December 1965, and entered into force on 4 January 1969

Question: what forms of racial discrimination were they dealing with?

Answer: Hate speech and elimination of racial discrimination and the promotion of understanding among all races

Explanation: The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is a United Nations convention. A third-generation human rights instrument, the Convention commits its members to the elimination of racial discrimination and the promotion of understanding among all races. The Convention also requires its parties to outlaw hate speech and criminalize membership in racist organizations.


Context: It is a United Nations convention

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: what forms of racial discrimination were they dealing with?

Context: Hate speech and elimination of racial discrimination and the promotion of understanding among all races

Question: can you name some places where this kind of discrimination is prominent?

Answer: Australia, New Zealand,  many countries in the Americas, Jordan, etc

Racial discrimination [SEP] Overall trends

A 2013 analysis of World Values Survey data by The Washington Post looked at the fraction of people in each country that indicated they would prefer not to have neighbours of the same race. It ranged from below 5% in Australia, New Zealand, and many countries in the Americas, to 51.4% in Jordan; Europe had wide variation, from below 5% in the UK, Norway, and Sweden, to 22.7% in France. More than 30 years of field experimental studies have found significant levels of discrimination against non-whites in labor, housing, and product markets in 10 different countries.


Context: It is a United Nations convention

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: can you name some places where this kind of discrimination is prominent?

Context: Australia, New Zealand,  many countries in the Americas, Jordan, etc

Question: how does work get effected by this type of discrimination?

Answer: There are widespread racial discrimination in the workplace, in the study, candidates perceived as having "white-sounding names" were 50% more likely than those whose names were merely perceived as "sounding black" to receive callbacks for interviews

Racial discrimination [SEP] Employment

Racial discrimination in the workplace falls into two basic categories: Discrimination may occur at any point in the employment process, including pre-employment inquiries, hiring practices, compensation, work assignments and conditions, privileges granted to employees, promotion, employee discipline and termination. Researchers Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan, at the University of Chicago and MIT found in a 2004 study, that there was widespread racial discrimination in the workplace. In their study, candidates perceived as having "white-sounding names" were 50% more likely than those whose names were merely perceived as "sounding black" to receive callbacks for interviews. The researchers view these results as strong evidence of unconscious biases rooted in the United States' long history of discrimination (e.g., Jim Crow laws, etc.)


Context: It is a United Nations convention

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: how does work get effected by this type of discrimination?

Context: There are widespread racial discrimination in the workplace, in the study, candidates perceived as having "white-sounding names" were 50% more likely than those whose names were merely perceived as "sounding black" to receive callbacks for interviews

Question: can you name some effects it has on our health?

Answer: Studies have shown an association between reported racial discrimination and adverse physical and mental health outcomes

Explanation: Studies have shown an association between reported racial discrimination and adverse physical and mental health outcomes. This evidence has come from multiple countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand.

Racial discrimination [SEP] Effects on health


Context: It is a United Nations convention

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: can you name some effects it has on our health?

Context: Studies have shown an association between reported racial discrimination and adverse physical and mental health outcomes

Question: who were involved in the convention?

Answer: United Nations General Assembly

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

Explanation: The convention was adopted and opened for signature by the United Nations General Assembly


Context: It is a United Nations convention

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: who were involved in the convention?

Context: United Nations General Assembly

Question: did they manage to prohibit incitement?

Answer: Yes, the committee  regards the article 4 as a mandatory obligation of parties to the Convention, and has repeatedly criticized parties for failing to abide by it

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination [SEP] Prohibition of incitement

The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination regards this article as a mandatory obligation of parties to the Convention, and has repeatedly criticized parties for failing to abide by it. It regards the obligation as consistent with the freedoms of opinion and expression affirmed in the UNDHR and ICCPR and notes that the latter specifically outlaws inciting racial discrimination, hatred and violence. It views the provisions as necessary to prevent organised racial violence and the "political exploitation of ethnic difference."


Context: It is a United Nations convention

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: who were involved in the convention?

Context: United Nations General Assembly

Context: did they manage to prohibit incitement?

Context: Yes, the committee  regards the article 4 as a mandatory obligation of parties to the Convention, and has repeatedly criticized parties for failing to abide by it

Question: how did they promote tolerance?

Answer: Article 7 obliges parties to adopt "immediate and effective measures", particularly in education, to combat racial prejudice and encourage understanding and tolerance between different racial, ethnic and national groups

Explanation: Article 7 obliges parties to adopt "immediate and effective measures", particularly in education, to combat racial prejudice and encourage understanding and tolerance between different racial, ethnic and national groups.

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination [SEP] Promotion of tolerance


Context: It is a United Nations convention

Context: when did this convention take place?

Context: who were involved in the convention?

Context: United Nations General Assembly

Context: did they manage to prohibit incitement?

Context: how did they promote tolerance?

Context: Article 7 obliges parties to adopt "immediate and effective measures", particularly in education, to combat racial prejudice and encourage understanding and tolerance between different racial, ethnic and national groups

Question: what is tolerance?

Answer: IT is the state of tolerating, or putting up with, conditionally

Explanation: Tolerance or toleration is the state of tolerating, or putting up with, conditionally.

Tolerance [SEP] Introduction


Question: who sang the original version of all i want for christmas

Answer: Mariah Carey.

All I Want for Christmas Is You [SEP] Introduction

"All I Want for Christmas Is You" is a Christmas song by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. She co-wrote and co-produced it with Walter Afanasieff for her fourth studio album and first holiday album, "Merry Christmas" (1994). Columbia Records released it as the lead single from the album on October 28, 1994. The track is an uptempo love song that includes bell chimes, heavy back-up vocals, and synthesizers. Upon release, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" has been critically acclaimed, with "The New Yorker" calling it "one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon." The song remains Carey's biggest international success, reaching number one in numerous countries, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and the United States.


Context: who sang the original version of all i want for christmas

Context: Mariah Carey.

Question: is this a part of an album?

Answer: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Explanation: iah Carey. She co-wrote and co-produced it with Walter Afanasieff for her fourth studio album and first holiday album, "Merry Christmas" (1994). Columbia Records released it as the lead si


Context: Mariah Carey.

Context: is this a part of an album?

Context: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Question: when was the song released?

Answer: October 28, 1994.

Explanation: "All I Want for Christmas Is You" is a Christmas song by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. She co-wrote and co-produced it with Walter Afanasieff for her fourth studio album and first holiday album, "Merry Christmas" (1994). Columbia Records released it as the lead single from the album on October 28, 1994. The track is an uptempo love song that includes bell chimes, heavy back-up vocals, and synthesizers.


Context: Mariah Carey.

Context: is this a part of an album?

Context: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Context: when was the song released?

Context: October 28, 1994.

Question: how did it perform in the charts?

Answer: It peaked at No. 6 on the "Billboard" Hot Adult Contemporary and at No. 12 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart.

All I Want for Christmas Is You [SEP] Chart performance

In the United States, in the first week of January 1995, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" peaked at No. 6 on the "Billboard" Hot Adult Contemporary and at No. 12 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart. The song placed on these two charts again in December 1995 and in December 1996. The song was ineligible for inclusion on the "Billboard" Hot 100 during its original release, because it was not released commercially as a single. This rule lapsed in 1998, however, allowing the song to chart on the "Billboard" Hot 100 (peaking at No. 83 in January 2000).


Context: Mariah Carey.

Context: is this a part of an album?

Context: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Context: when was the song released?

Context: October 28, 1994.

Context: how did it perform in the charts?

Context: It peaked at No. 6 on the "Billboard" Hot Adult Contemporary and at No. 12 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart.

Question: by whom was it written?

Answer: Walter Afanasieff and Mariah Carey.

All I Want for Christmas Is You [SEP] Background and writing

Following the success of the singer's 1993 career best-selling album "Music Box", Carey and her management at Columbia Records began devising ideas and strategies for subsequent projects. Carey's then-husband, Tommy Mottola, head of Columbia's parent label Sony Music Entertainment, began mapping out possible follow ups for the singer during the pinnacle years of her career. During initial discussions regarding the thought of doing a Christmas-themed album with Carey and her songwriting partner of over four years, Walter Afanasieff, the fear arose that it was not commercially expedient or wise to release holiday music at the peak of one's career, as it was more often equated with a release towards the end of a musician's waning career.


Context: Mariah Carey.

Context: is this a part of an album?

Context: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Context: when was the song released?

Context: October 28, 1994.

Context: how did it perform in the charts?

Context: by whom was it written?

Context: Walter Afanasieff and Mariah Carey.

Question: who is the former?

Answer: He is a musician, songwriter, record producer and composer.

Walter Afanasieff [SEP] Introduction

Walter Afanasieff (born Vladimir Nikitich Afanasiev; February 10, 1958), formerly nicknamed Baby Love in the 1980s, is a musician, songwriter, record producer and composer. He is a Brazilian-American of Russian descent, known for his long association with Mariah Carey, for whom he was co-producer and co-writer for several years. He won the 1999 Grammy Award in the Record of the Year category for producing "My Heart Will Go On" by Celine Dion, and the 2000 Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical. Aside from Carey and Dion, Afanasieff has also written and produced music for many other recording artists as well, such as Richard Marx, Whitney Houston, Thalía, Lionel Richie, Luther Vandross, George Benson, Destiny's Child, Kenny G, Michael Bolton, Toni Braxton, Andrea Bocelli, Johnny Mathis, Kenny Loggins, Barbra Streisand, Christina Aguilera, Ricky Martin, Leona Lewis and Idina Menzel.


Context: Mariah Carey.

Context: is this a part of an album?

Context: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Context: when was the song released?

Context: October 28, 1994.

Context: how did it perform in the charts?

Context: by whom was it written?

Context: Walter Afanasieff and Mariah Carey.

Context: who is the former?

Context: He is a musician, songwriter, record producer and composer.

Question: which record label released the album?

Answer: Columbia Records.

Explanation: Columbia Records released it as the lead single from the album on October 28, 1994


Context: Mariah Carey.

Context: is this a part of an album?

Context: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Context: when was the song released?

Context: October 28, 1994.

Context: how did it perform in the charts?

Context: by whom was it written?

Context: Walter Afanasieff and Mariah Carey.

Context: who is the former?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records.

Question: where is this based?

Answer: New York City.

Columbia Records [SEP] Recording studios

CBS never took up the option to buy the building outright and it gave up its lease and closed the studio in 1982. In spite of the building's inherent heritage status and its cultural significance, it was sold to developers in 1985, demolished, and replaced by a high-rise apartment complex. Columbia also recorded in the highly respected Liederkranz Hall, at 111 East 58th Street between Park and Lexington Avenues, in New York City, it was built by and formerly belonged to a German cultural and musical society, The Liederkranz Society, and used as a recording studio (Victor also recorded in Liederkranz Hall in the late 1920s).


Context: Mariah Carey.

Context: is this a part of an album?

Context: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Context: when was the song released?

Context: October 28, 1994.

Context: how did it perform in the charts?

Context: by whom was it written?

Context: Walter Afanasieff and Mariah Carey.

Context: who is the former?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records.

Context: where is this based?

Context: New York City.

Question: who owns it?

Answer: Sony Music Entertainment.

Columbia Records [SEP] Introduction

Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. It was founded on January 15, 1889, evolving from the American Graphophone Company, the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, and the second major company to produce records. From 1961 to 1990, Columbia recordings were released outside North America under the name CBS Records to avoid confusion with EMI's Columbia Graphophone Company. Columbia is one of Sony Music's four flagship record labels, alongside former longtime rival RCA Records, as well as Arista Records and Epic Records.


Context: Mariah Carey.

Context: is this a part of an album?

Context: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Context: when was the song released?

Context: October 28, 1994.

Context: how did it perform in the charts?

Context: by whom was it written?

Context: Walter Afanasieff and Mariah Carey.

Context: who is the former?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records.

Context: where is this based?

Context: New York City.

Context: who owns it?

Context: Sony Music Entertainment.

Question: who were the early founders of this records?

Answer: Edward D. Easton and a group of investors.

Columbia Records [SEP] Beginnings (1889–1929)

The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded on January 15, 1889 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward D. Easton (1856–1915) and a group of investors. It derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a local monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Delaware. As was the custom of some of the regional phonograph companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own, and its catalogue of musical records in 1891 was 10 pages. Columbia's ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Company's breakup.


Context: Mariah Carey.

Context: is this a part of an album?

Context: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Context: when was the song released?

Context: October 28, 1994.

Context: how did it perform in the charts?

Context: by whom was it written?

Context: Walter Afanasieff and Mariah Carey.

Context: who is the former?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records.

Context: where is this based?

Context: New York City.

Context: who owns it?

Context: Sony Music Entertainment.

Context: who were the early founders of this records?

Context: Edward D. Easton and a group of investors.

Question: any artist associated with this records?

Answer: AC/DC, Adele, Aerosmith, Louis Armstrong, Gene Autry, to name a few.

Columbia Records [SEP] Introduction

Artists who have recorded for Columbia include AC/DC, Adele, Aerosmith, Louis Armstrong, Gene Autry, Count Basie, Tony Bennett, Leonard Bernstein, Beyoncé, Blue Öyster Cult, The Byrds, Mariah Carey, Johnny Cash, Rosemary Clooney, Leonard Cohen, Elvis Costello, Miles Davis, Doris Day, Neil Diamond, Celine Dion, Bob Dylan, Earth, Wind & Fire, Duke Ellington, Flatt and Scruggs, Billie Holiday, Vladimir Horowitz, Billy Joel, Robert Johnson, Al Jolson, Janis Joplin, Yo-Yo Ma, Johnny Mathis, George Michael, Thelonious Monk, Willie Nelson, the New York Philharmonic, Pink Floyd, Santana, Frank Sinatra, Simon & Garfunkel, Bessie Smith, Bruce Springsteen, Barbra Streisand, James Taylor, Andy Williams, Bill Withers, and numerous other major artists.


Context: Mariah Carey.

Context: is this a part of an album?

Context: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Context: when was the song released?

Context: October 28, 1994.

Context: how did it perform in the charts?

Context: by whom was it written?

Context: Walter Afanasieff and Mariah Carey.

Context: who is the former?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records.

Context: where is this based?

Context: New York City.

Context: who owns it?

Context: Sony Music Entertainment.

Context: any artist associated with this records?

Context: AC/DC, Adele, Aerosmith, Louis Armstrong, Gene Autry, to name a few.

Question: is the first one a band?

Answer: Yes, an Australian rock band.

AC/DC [SEP] Introduction

AC/DC (stylized as ACϟDC) are an Australian rock band formed in Sydney in 1973 by Scottish-born brothers Malcolm and Angus Young. Although their music has been variously described as hard rock, blues rock, and heavy metal, the band themselves call it simply "rock and roll". AC/DC underwent several line-up changes before releasing their first album, 1975's "High Voltage". Membership subsequently stabilised around the Young brothers, singer Bon Scott, drummer Phil Rudd, and bassist Mark Evans. Evans was fired from the band in 1977 and replaced by Cliff Williams, who has appeared on every AC/DC album since 1978's "Powerage". In February 1980, Scott died of acute alcohol poisoning after a night of heavy drinking.


Context: Mariah Carey.

Context: is this a part of an album?

Context: Yes, Merry Christmas.

Context: when was the song released?

Context: October 28, 1994.

Context: how did it perform in the charts?

Context: by whom was it written?

Context: Walter Afanasieff and Mariah Carey.

Context: who is the former?

Context: which record label released the album?

Context: Columbia Records.

Context: where is this based?

Context: New York City.

Context: who owns it?

Context: Sony Music Entertainment.

Context: is the first one a band?

Context: Yes, an Australian rock band.

Question: who are the members?

Answer: Malcolm and Angus Young, Bon Scott, Phil Rudd and Mark Evan.

Explanation:
AC/DC (stylized as ACϟDC) are an Australian rock band formed in Sydney in 1973 by Scottish-born brothers Malcolm and Angus Young. Although their music has been variously described as hard rock, blues rock, and heavy metal, the band themselves call it simply "rock and roll".

AC/DC underwent several line-up changes before releasing their first album, 1975's "High Voltage". Membership subsequently stabilised around the Young brothers, singer Bon Scott, drummer Phil Rudd, and bassist Mark Evans. Evans was fired from the band in 1977 and replaced by Cliff Williams, who has appeared on every AC/DC album since 1978's "Powerage". In February 1980, Scott died of acute alcohol poisoning after a night of heavy drinking. The group considered disbanding but elected to stay together, bringing in longtime Geordie vocalist Brian Johnson as Scott's replacement. Later that year, the band released their first album with Johnson, "Back in Black", which was dedicated to Scott's memor

AC/DC [SEP] Introduction


Question: when was charles darwin's book the origin of species published

Answer: 24 November 1859

On the Origin of Species [SEP] Introduction

On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. The book presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had collected on the "Beagle" expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.


Context: when was charles darwin's book the origin of species published

Context: 24 November 1859

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Shrewsbury

Explanation: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Charles Darwin [SEP] Early life and education

Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, on 12 February 1809, at his family's home, The Mount. He was the fifth of six children of wealthy society doctor and financier Robert Darwin and Susannah Darwin ("née" Wedgwood). His grandfathers Erasmus Darwin and Josiah Wedgwood were both prominent abolitionists. Erasmus Darwin had praised general concepts of evolution and common descent in his "Zoonomia" (1794), a poetic fantasy of gradual creation including undeveloped ideas anticipating concepts his grandson expanded. Both families were largely Unitarian, though the Wedgwoods were adopting Anglicanism. Robert Darwin, himself quietly a freethinker, had baby Charles baptised in November 1809 in the Anglican St Chad's Church, Shrewsbury, but Charles and his siblings attended the Unitarian chapel with their mother.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: where was he born?

Context: Shrewsbury

Question: where did he study?

Answer: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Explanation: University of Edinburgh Medical School

The eight-year-old Charles already had a taste for natural history and collecting when he joined the day school run by its preacher in 1817. That July, his mother died. From September 1818, he joined his older brother Erasmus attending the nearby Anglican Shrewsbury School as a boarder. Darwin spent the summer of 1825 as an apprentice doctor, helping his father treat the poor of Shropshire, before going to the University of Edinburgh Medical School (at the time the best medical school in the UK) with his brother Erasmus in October 1825. Darwin found lectures dull and surgery distressing, so he neglected his studies.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: where was he born?

Context: Shrewsbury

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Question: did he suffer from any disease?

Answer: Yes he suffered  with stomach problems, headaches and heart symptoms.

Charles Darwin [SEP] Overwork, illness, and marriage

The strain took a toll, and by June he was being laid up for days on end with stomach problems, headaches and heart symptoms. For the rest of his life, he was repeatedly incapacitated with episodes of stomach pains, vomiting, severe boils, palpitations, trembling and other symptoms, particularly during times of stress, such as attending meetings or making social visits. The cause of Darwin's illness remained unknown, and attempts at treatment had only ephemeral success.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: where was he born?

Context: Shrewsbury

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: Yes he suffered  with stomach problems, headaches and heart symptoms.

Question: was he married?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

While developing this intensive study of transmutation, Darwin became mired in more work. Still rewriting his "Journal", he took on editing and publishing the expert reports on his collections, and with Henslow's help obtained a Treasury grant of £1,000 to sponsor this multi-volume "Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle", a sum equivalent to about £ in 2018. He stretched the funding to include his planned books on geology, and agreed to unrealistic dates with the publisher. As the Victorian era began, Darwin pressed on with writing his "Journal", and in August 1837 began correcting printer's proofs. As Darwin worked under pressure, his health suffered.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: where was he born?

Context: Shrewsbury

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: has he written any other book?

Answer: Yes, "The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs"

Charles Darwin [SEP] Geology books, barnacles, evolutionary research

Early in 1842, Darwin wrote about his ideas to Charles Lyell, who noted that his ally "denies seeing a beginning to each crop of species". Darwin's book "The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs" on his theory of atoll formation was published in May 1842 after more than three years of work, and he then wrote his first "pencil sketch" of his theory of natural selection. To escape the pressures of London, the family moved to rural Down House in September. On 11 January 1844, Darwin mentioned his theorising to the botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, writing with melodramatic humour "it is like confessing a murder".


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: where was he born?

Context: Shrewsbury

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has he written any other book?

Context: Yes, "The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs"

Question: what were his views on religion?

Answer: Darwin was quite orthodox and would quote the Bible as an authority on morality.

Charles Darwin [SEP] Religious views

Darwin's family tradition was nonconformist Unitarianism, while his father and grandfather were freethinkers, and his baptism and boarding school were Church of England. When going to Cambridge to become an Anglican clergyman, he did not doubt the literal truth of the Bible. He learned John Herschel's science which, like William Paley's natural theology, sought explanations in laws of nature rather than miracles and saw adaptation of species as evidence of design. On board HMS "Beagle", Darwin was quite orthodox and would quote the Bible as an authority on morality. He looked for "centres of creation" to explain distribution, and suggested that the very similar antlions found in Australia and England were evidence of a divine hand.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: where was he born?

Context: Shrewsbury

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has he written any other book?

Context: what were his views on religion?

Context: Darwin was quite orthodox and would quote the Bible as an authority on morality.

Question: how is he commemorated?

Answer: An expanse of water adjoining the Beagle Channel was named "Darwin Sound" ,  Darwin's friend John Lort Stokes sighted a natural harbour which the ship's captain Wickham named "Port Darwin"

Charles Darwin [SEP] Commemoration

During Darwin's lifetime, many geographical features were given his name. An expanse of water adjoining the Beagle Channel was named "Darwin Sound" by Robert FitzRoy after Darwin's prompt action, along with two or three of the men, saved them from being marooned on a nearby shore when a collapsing glacier caused a large wave that would have swept away their boats, and the nearby Mount Darwin in the Andes was named in celebration of Darwin's 25th birthday. When the "Beagle" was surveying Australia in 1839, Darwin's friend John Lort Stokes sighted a natural harbour which the ship's captain Wickham named "Port Darwin": a nearby settlement was renamed Darwin in 1911, and it became the capital city of Australia's Northern Territory.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: where was he born?

Context: Shrewsbury

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has he written any other book?

Context: what were his views on religion?

Context: how is he commemorated?

Context: An expanse of water adjoining the Beagle Channel was named "Darwin Sound" ,  Darwin's friend John Lort Stokes sighted a natural harbour which the ship's captain Wickham named "Port Darwin"

Question: what is the channel about?

Answer: It  is a strait in Tierra del Fuego Archipelago on the extreme southern tip of South America between Chile and Argentina.

Beagle Channel [SEP] Introduction

Beagle Channel () is a strait in Tierra del Fuego Archipelago on the extreme southern tip of South America between Chile and Argentina. The channel separates the larger main island of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego from various smaller islands including the islands of Picton, Lennox and Nueva; Navarino; Hoste; Londonderry; and Stewart. The channel's eastern area forms part of the border between Chile and Argentina and the western area is entirely within Chile. The Beagle Channel, the Straits of Magellan to the north, and the open-ocean Drake Passage to the south are the three navigable passages around South America between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: where was he born?

Context: Shrewsbury

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has he written any other book?

Context: what were his views on religion?

Context: how is he commemorated?

Context: what is the channel about?

Context: It  is a strait in Tierra del Fuego Archipelago on the extreme southern tip of South America between Chile and Argentina.

Question: when was it founded?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Beagle Channel [SEP] Introduction


Question: mathematical concepts used in construction of gateway of india

Answer: Yes, its arch has a height of with its central dome being in diameter.

Gateway of India [SEP] Design and architecture

The gateway's arch has a height of with its central dome being in diameter. The monument is built of yellow basalt and reinforced concrete. The stones were sourced locally while the perforated screens were brought in from Gwalior. The monument faces towards the Mumbai Harbour. There are four turrets on the structure of the gateway, and there are steps constructed behind the arch of the gateway which lead to the Arabian Sea. The monument features intricate stone latticework (also known as the "jali" work). The Scottish architect, George Wittet combined elements of the Roman triumphal arch and 16th-century architecture of Gujarat.


Context: mathematical concepts used in construction of gateway of india

Context: Yes, its arch has a height of with its central dome being in diameter.

Question: why was it built?

Answer: t was erected to commemorate the landing of King-Emperor George V and Queen-Empress Mary.

Gateway of India [SEP] Introduction

The Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early twentieth century in the city of Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was erected to commemorate the landing in December 1911 at Apollo Bunder, Mumbai (then Bombay) of King-Emperor George V and Queen-Empress Mary, the first British monarch to visit India. At the time of the royal visit, the gateway was not yet built, and a cardboard structure greeted the monarch. The foundation stone was laid in March 1913 for a monument built in the Indo-Saracenic style, incorporating elements of 16th-century Marathi architecture. The final design of the monument by architect George Wittet was sanctioned only in 1914, and construction was completed in 1924.


Context: why was it built?

Context: t was erected to commemorate the landing of King-Emperor George V and Queen-Empress Mary.

Question: when?

Answer: December 1911

Explanation: The Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early twentieth century in the city of Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was erected to commemorate the landing in December 1911 at Apollo Bunder, Mumbai (then Bombay) of King-Emperor George V and Queen-Empress Mary, the first British monarch to visit India.

Gateway of India [SEP] Introduction


Context: why was it built?

Context: when?

Context: December 1911

Question: who designed it?

Answer: George Wittet

Explanation: The final design of the monument by architect George Wittet was sanctioned only in 1914, and construction was completed in 1924. The structure is a triumphal arch made of basalt, which is high.

Gateway of India [SEP] Introduction

The gateway is also a gathering spot for locals, street vendors, and photographers soliciting services. It holds significance for the local Jewish community as it has been the spot for Hanukkah celebrations, with the lighting of the menorah, since 2003. There are five jetties located at the gateway, of which two are used for commercial ferry operations. The gateway was the site of a terror attack in August 2003, when there was a bomb blast in a taxi parked in front of it. Access to the gateway was restricted after people congregated at its premises following the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, in which the Taj Hotel opposite the gateway and other locations in its vicinity were targeted.


Context: why was it built?

Context: when?

Context: December 1911

Context: who designed it?

Context: George Wittet

Question: what are his other designs?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Gateway of India [SEP] Introduction


Context: why was it built?

Context: when?

Context: December 1911

Context: who designed it?

Context: George Wittet

Context: what are his other designs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are its architectural features?

Answer: Intricate stone latticework, elements of the Roman triumphal arch and 16th-century architecture of Gujarat.

Explanation: There are four turrets on the structure of the gateway, and there are steps constructed behind the arch of the gateway which lead to the Arabian Sea. The monument features intricate stone latticework (also known as the "jali" work). The Scottish architect, George Wittet combined elements of the Roman triumphal arch and 16th-century architecture of Gujarat.


Context: why was it built?

Context: when?

Context: December 1911

Context: who designed it?

Context: George Wittet

Context: what are his other designs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its architectural features?

Context: Intricate stone latticework, elements of the Roman triumphal arch and 16th-century architecture of Gujarat.

Question: what are the examples of the second feature mentioned?

Answer: Arc de Triomphe in Paris, the Narva Triumphal Arch in Saint Petersburg, the Wellington Arch in London

Triumphal arch [SEP] Introduction

The survival of great Roman triumphal arches such as the Arch of Titus inspired many post-Roman states and rulers, up to the present day, to erect their own arches in emulation of the Romans. Arches in the Roman style have been built in many cities around the world, most notably the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, the Narva Triumphal Arch in Saint Petersburg, the Wellington Arch in London, the Arcul de Triumf in Bucharest and India Gate in Delhi.


Context: why was it built?

Context: when?

Context: December 1911

Context: who designed it?

Context: George Wittet

Context: what are his other designs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its architectural features?

Context: what are the examples of the second feature mentioned?

Context: Arc de Triomphe in Paris, the Narva Triumphal Arch in Saint Petersburg, the Wellington Arch in London

Question: why was the first one constructed?

Answer: To honour those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

Explanation: The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces.

Arc de Triomphe [SEP] Introduction

The smaller transverse vaults are high and wide. Three weeks after the Paris victory parade in 1919 (marking the end of hostilities in World War I), Charles Godefroy flew his Nieuport biplane under the arch's primary vault, with the event captured on newsreel. Paris's Arc de Triomphe was the tallest triumphal arch until the completion of the Monumento a la Revolución in Mexico City in 1938, which is high. The Arch of Triumph in Pyongyang, completed in 1982, is modelled on the Arc de Triomphe and is slightly taller at . La Grande Arche in La Défense near Paris is 110 metres high.


Context: why was it built?

Context: when?

Context: December 1911

Context: who designed it?

Context: George Wittet

Context: what are his other designs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its architectural features?

Context: why was the first one constructed?

Context: To honour those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

Question: does it have any tomb?

Answer: Yes, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.

Arc de Triomphe [SEP] Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

Beneath the Arc is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. Interred on Armistice Day 1920, it has the first eternal flame lit in Western and Eastern Europe since the Vestal Virgins' fire was extinguished in the fourth century. It burns in memory of the dead who were never identified (now in both world wars). A ceremony is held at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier every 11 November on the anniversary of the Armistice of 11 November 1918 signed by the Entente Powers and Germany in 1918. It was originally decided on 12 November 1919 to bury the unknown soldier's remains in the Panthéon, but a public letter-writing campaign led to the decision to bury him beneath the Arc de Triomphe.


Context: why was it built?

Context: when?

Context: December 1911

Context: who designed it?

Context: George Wittet

Context: what are his other designs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its architectural features?

Context: why was the first one constructed?

Context: does it have any tomb?

Context: Yes, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.

Question: what does it represent?

Answer: It contain the remains of a dead soldier who is unidentified.

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier [SEP] Symbolism

The Tombs of the Unknown Soldiers typically contain the remains of a dead soldier who is unidentified (or "known but to God" as the stone is sometimes inscribed). These remains are considered impossible to identify, and so serve as a symbol for all of a country's unknown dead wherever they fell in the war being remembered. The anonymity of the entombed soldier is the key symbolism of the monument; it could be the tomb of anyone who fell in service of the nation, and therefore serves as a monument symbolizing all of the sacrifices.


Context: why was it built?

Context: when?

Context: December 1911

Context: who designed it?

Context: George Wittet

Context: what are his other designs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its architectural features?

Context: why was the first one constructed?

Context: does it have any tomb?

Context: what does it represent?

Context: It contain the remains of a dead soldier who is unidentified.

Question: are there any structures similar to this tomb in the world?

Answer: Yes,  the United States unveiled its own Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Portugal its Túmulo do Soldado Desconhecido, and Italy its "La tomba del Milite Ignoto".

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier [SEP] Other countries

The idea of a symbolic Tomb of the Unknown Soldier then spread to other countries. In 1921, the United States unveiled its own Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Portugal its Túmulo do Soldado Desconhecido, and Italy its "La tomba del Milite Ignoto". Other nations have followed the practice and created their own tombs. In Chile and Ukraine, second 'unknown tombs' were unveiled to commemorate "The Unknown Sailor".


Question: orange is the new black tiffany and guard

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Tiffany Doggett [SEP] Introduction

Tiffany "Pennsatucky" Doggett is a fictional character in the Netflix series "Orange Is the New Black", portrayed by Taryn Manning. Manning was offered the role without needing to audition. The character of Doggett is based on a real-life prisoner, a "young woman from western Pennsylvania who proudly called herself a redneck". She is originally from Waynesboro, Virginia. Prior to her imprisonment, she is shown to be exchanging sexual favors for soda or money. Doggett is also known to have had five abortions. She is charged with shooting an abortion doctor and decides to hire a Christian lawyer; the ensuing support she receives from Christian groups leads to Doggett's becoming a born-again Christian.


Context: orange is the new black tiffany and guard

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who is tiffany doggett?

Answer: She is a fictional character in the Netflix series "Orange Is the New Black".

Explanation: is a fictional character in the Netflix series "Orange Is the New Black"

Tiffany Doggett [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: She is a fictional character in the Netflix series "Orange Is the New Black".

Question: who created this character?

Answer: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Explanation: portrayed by Taryn Manning

Tiffany Doggett [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: who created this character?

Context: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Question: what is the series about?

Answer: The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, and about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison.

Orange Is the New Black [SEP] Introduction

Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, "" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television, "Orange Is the New Black" premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. Its seventh and final season was released on July 26, 2019. "Orange Is the New Black" is Netflix's most-watched original series. It was widely acclaimed throughout its run, and has received many accolades.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: who created this character?

Context: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Context: what is the series about?

Context: The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, and about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison.

Question: who directed it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: who created this character?

Context: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Context: what is the series about?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who is the protagonist in this series?

Answer: Piper Chapman

Explanation: Piper Chapman

Orange Is the New Black [SEP] Plot

The series begins revolving around Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a woman in her thirties living in New York City who is sentenced to 15 months in Litchfield Penitentiary, a minimum-security women's federal prison in upstate New York. Chapman was convicted of transporting a suitcase full of drug money for her girlfriend Alex Vause (Laura Prepon), an international drug smuggler. The offense had occurred 10 years before the start of the series and in that time Chapman had moved on to a quiet, law-abiding life among New York's upper middle class. Her sudden and unexpected indictment disrupts her relationships with her fiancé, family and friends.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: who created this character?

Context: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Context: what is the series about?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the protagonist in this series?

Context: Piper Chapman

Question: what is his role in it?

Answer: She plays the role of a woman in her thirties living in New York City who is sentenced to 15 months in Litchfield Penitentiary who was convicted of transporting a suitcase full of drug money for her girlfriend.

Explanation: woman in her thirties living in New York City who is sentenced to 15 months in Litchfield Penitentiary

Orange Is the New Black [SEP] Plot


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: who created this character?

Context: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Context: what is the series about?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the protagonist in this series?

Context: Piper Chapman

Context: what is his role in it?

Context: She plays the role of a woman in her thirties living in New York City who is sentenced to 15 months in Litchfield Penitentiary who was convicted of transporting a suitcase full of drug money for her girlfriend.

Question: who was casted for the role?

Answer: Taylor Schilling

Explanation: Taylor Schilling

Orange Is the New Black [SEP] Plot


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: who created this character?

Context: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Context: what is the series about?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the protagonist in this series?

Context: Piper Chapman

Context: what is his role in it?

Context: who was casted for the role?

Context: Taylor Schilling

Question: what were her other works?

Answer: Dark Matter, Mercy, The Lucky One, Take Me, The Titan etc

Explanation: Dark Matter". Schilling also starred as Nurse Veronica Flanagan Callahan in the short-lived NBC medical drama "Mercy" (2009–2010). Her other films include "" (2011), the romantic drama "The Lucky One" (2012), the comedy "Take Me" (2017) and the science fiction thriller "The Titan" (2018).

Taylor Schilling [SEP] Introduction

Taylor Jane Schilling (born July 27, 1984) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Piper Chapman on the Netflix original comedy-drama series "Orange Is the New Black" (2013–2019), for which she received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy and Best Actress – Television Series Drama. She made her film debut in the 2007 drama "Dark Matter". Schilling also starred as Nurse Veronica Flanagan Callahan in the short-lived NBC medical drama "Mercy" (2009–2010).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: who created this character?

Context: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Context: what is the series about?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the protagonist in this series?

Context: Piper Chapman

Context: what is his role in it?

Context: who was casted for the role?

Context: Taylor Schilling

Context: what were her other works?

Context: Dark Matter, Mercy, The Lucky One, Take Me, The Titan etc

Question: when was the online platform mentioned above established?

Answer: August 29, 1997

Explanation: August 29, 1997

Netflix [SEP] Establishment

Marc Randolph and Reed Hastings founded Netflix on August 29, 1997 in Scotts Valley, California. Randolph worked as a marketing director for Hastings' company, Pure Atria. Randolph had co-founded MicroWarehouse, a computer mail-order company; Borland International later employed him as vice president of marketing. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, sold Pure Atria to Rational Software Corporation in 1997 for $700 million in what was then the biggest acquisition in Silicon Valley history. The two came up with the idea for Netflix when commuting between their homes in Santa Cruz and Pure Atria's headquarters in Sunnyvale while waiting for government regulators to approve the merger, although Hastings has given several different explanations for how the idea came about.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: who created this character?

Context: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Context: what is the series about?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the protagonist in this series?

Context: Piper Chapman

Context: what is his role in it?

Context: who was casted for the role?

Context: Taylor Schilling

Context: what were her other works?

Context: when was the online platform mentioned above established?

Context: August 29, 1997

Question: how is pseudoscience promoted by it?

Answer: It has long been criticized for offering content that presents wellness pseudoscience and conspiracy theories as true.

Netflix [SEP] Promotion of pseudoscience

Netflix has long been criticized for offering content that presents wellness pseudoscience and conspiracy theories as true. Health professionals have quickly corrected several arguments made by the 2017 documentary "What the Health", arguing the movie exaggerates the negative effects of eating eggs and downplays the risks of a diet rich in sugar. The Australian Medical Association (AMA) called on Netflix to remove from its catalog "The Magic Pill", a documentary narrated by celebrity chef Pete Evans claiming a ketogenic diet helps cure a variety of diseases, such as asthma and cancer. While some studies hint that some benefits can be gained from the diet, they did not support the claims made in the movie and the AMA insisted that promoting the diet without the supervision of qualified health professionals posed grave risks of developing nutritional deficiencies.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: who created this character?

Context: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Context: what is the series about?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the protagonist in this series?

Context: Piper Chapman

Context: what is his role in it?

Context: who was casted for the role?

Context: Taylor Schilling

Context: what were her other works?

Context: August 29, 1997

Context: how is pseudoscience promoted by it?

Context: It has long been criticized for offering content that presents wellness pseudoscience and conspiracy theories as true.

Question: who are its competitors?

Answer: Walmart, Blockbuster Video, Amazon.com

Explanation: Walmart

Netflix [SEP] Competitors

Netflix's success was followed by the establishment of numerous other DVD rental companies, both in the United States and abroad. Walmart began an online rental service in October 2002 but left the market in May 2005. However, Walmart later acquired the rental service Vudu in 2010. Blockbuster Video entered the United States online market in August 2004, with a US$19.95 monthly subscription service (). This sparked a price war; Netflix had raised its popular three-disc plan from US$19.95 to US$21.99 just prior to Blockbuster's launch, but by October, Netflix reduced this fee to US$17.99. Blockbuster responded with rates as low as US$14.99 for a time, but, by August 2005, both companies settled at identical rates.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: who created this character?

Context: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Context: what is the series about?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the protagonist in this series?

Context: Piper Chapman

Context: what is his role in it?

Context: who was casted for the role?

Context: Taylor Schilling

Context: what were her other works?

Context: August 29, 1997

Context: how is pseudoscience promoted by it?

Context: who are its competitors?

Context: Walmart, Blockbuster Video, Amazon.com

Question: what services are done by it?

Answer: Netflix's video on demand, streaming service

Explanation: Netflix's video on demand

Netflix [SEP] Services

Netflix's video on demand streaming service, formerly branded as "Watch Now", allows subscribers to stream television series and films via the Netflix website on personal computers, or the Netflix software on a variety of supported platforms, including smartphones and tablets, digital media players, video game consoles and smart TVs. According to a Nielsen survey in July 2011, 42% of Netflix users used a standalone computer, 25% used the Wii, 14% by connecting computers to a television, 13% with a PlayStation 3 and 12% an Xbox 360. When the streaming service was first launched, Netflix's disc rental subscribers were given access at no additional charge.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is tiffany doggett?

Context: who created this character?

Context: She is portrayed by Taryn Manning.

Context: what is the series about?

Context: who directed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the protagonist in this series?

Context: Piper Chapman

Context: what is his role in it?

Context: who was casted for the role?

Context: Taylor Schilling

Context: what were her other works?

Context: August 29, 1997

Context: how is pseudoscience promoted by it?

Context: who are its competitors?

Context: Walmart, Blockbuster Video, Amazon.com

Context: what services are done by it?

Context: Netflix's video on demand, streaming service

Question: has it won any awards?

Answer: It earned the first Primetime Emmy Award,  nominations for both the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards and 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, six Golden Globe Award nominations etc

Explanation: earned the first Primetime Emmy Award

Netflix [SEP] Awards

On July 18, 2013, Netflix earned the first Primetime Emmy Award nominations for original online-only web television programs at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards. Three of its web series, "Arrested Development", "Hemlock Grove" and "House of Cards", earned a combined 14 nominations (nine for "House of Cards", three for "Arrested Development" and two for "Hemlock Grove"). The "House of Cards" episode "Chapter 1" received four nominations for both the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards and 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, becoming the first webisode of a television series to receive a major Primetime Emmy Award nomination: David Fincher was nominated in the category of Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series.


Question: what is 2006 subway 500?

Answer: The 2006 Subway 500 was the 32nd stock car race of the 2006 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series and the sixth in the ten-race Chase for the Nextel Cup.

2006 Subway 500 [SEP] Introduction

The 2006 Subway 500 was the 32nd stock car race of the 2006 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series and the sixth in the ten-race Chase for the Nextel Cup. It was held on October 22, 2006, before a crowd of 65,000, at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia, one of five short tracks to hold NASCAR races. Jimmie Johnson won the 500‑lap race after he started from the ninth position; Denny Hamlin finished second, and Bobby Labonte came in third. Kurt Busch won the pole position with the fastest time in qualifying. He was immediately passed by Jeff Gordon at the start of the race.


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: The 2006 Subway 500 was the 32nd stock car race of the 2006 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series and the sixth in the ten-race Chase for the Nextel Cup.

Question: when was it started?

Answer: October 22, 2006

Explanation: It was held on October 22, 2006, before a crowd of 65,000, at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia, one of five short tracks to hold NASCAR races.

2006 Subway 500 [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Question: where did the 32nd race take place?

Answer: Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia

2006 Subway 500 [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Context: where did the 32nd race take place?

Context: Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia

Question: how many people attended to watch the race?

Answer: 65,000

2006 Subway 500 [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Context: where did the 32nd race take place?

Context: how many people attended to watch the race?

Question: what is the full form of nascar?

Answer: National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing

NASCAR [SEP] Introduction

The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is an American auto racing sanctioning and operating company that is best known for stock car racing. The privately owned company was founded by Bill France Sr. in 1948, and his son, Jim France, has been the CEO since August 6, 2018. The company is headquartered in Daytona Beach, Florida. Each year, NASCAR sanctions over 1,500 races at over 100 tracks in 48 US states as well as in Canada, Mexico, and Europe.


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Context: where did the 32nd race take place?

Context: what is the full form of nascar?

Context: National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing

Question: who founded this?

Answer: Bill France Sr,

Explanation: The privately owned company was founded by Bill France Sr. in 1948, and his son, Jim France, has been the CEO since August 6, 2018.

NASCAR [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Context: where did the 32nd race take place?

Context: what is the full form of nascar?

Context: who founded this?

Context: Bill France Sr,

Question: and when did it happen?

Answer: 1948

NASCAR [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Context: where did the 32nd race take place?

Context: what is the full form of nascar?

Context: who founded this?

Context: Bill France Sr,

Context: and when did it happen?

Question: do they have any regional races that takes place?

Answer: Yes- Weekly Series, Whelen Modified Tour, ARCA Menards Series East and West.

Explanation: Many local race tracks across the United States and Canada run under the NASCAR Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series banner, where local drivers are compared against each other in a formula where the best local track champion of the nation wins the Whelen All-American Weekly Series National Championship. The Whelen All-American series is split into four car divisions as well as state and track championships separately. Each division champion receives a point-fund money payout and even more goes to the National champion (driver with most points out of the four division winners). The Whelen All-American Series is the base for stock car racing, developing NASCAR names such as Clint Bowyer, Jimmy Spencer, Tony Stewart, the Bodine brothers, and many others along the way.

NASCAR [SEP] Weekly Series


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Context: where did the 32nd race take place?

Context: what is the full form of nascar?

Context: who founded this?

Context: Bill France Sr,

Context: and when did it happen?

Context: do they have any regional races that takes place?

Context: Yes- Weekly Series, Whelen Modified Tour, ARCA Menards Series East and West.

Question: can you list any two safety measures that it has?

Answer: HANS device (Head And Neck Support Device), kill switch

Explanation: The impact-absorbing "SAFER Barrier" that is now in use had been proposed by legendary mechanic Smokey Yunick during the 1970s, but his idea had been dismissed as too expensive and unnecessary. Only after the deaths of Adam Petty, Kenny Irwin and Tony Roper in 2000, and Dale Earnhardt in 2001 did NASCAR revisit the idea of decreasing the G-forces a driver sustained during a crash. Other examples of available safety features that were slow to be implemented include the mandating of a throttle "kill switch". The "kill switch" was mandated after the death of Adam Petty, along with the requirements of an anti-spill bladder in fuel cells. Fire-retardant driver suits were required only after the death of Fireball Roberts, who died from complications of burns suffered in a crash when flames engulfed his car during a Charlotte race. Dale Earnhardt was killed after he received massive head and neck trauma from a hard crash in the 2001 Daytona 500. Earnhardt's death prompted NASCAR to require al

NASCAR [SEP] Driver safety

Although NASCAR frequently publicizes the safety measures it mandates for drivers, these features have historically only been adopted long after they were initially developed, and only in response to an injury or fatality. The impact-absorbing "SAFER Barrier" that is now in use had been proposed by legendary mechanic Smokey Yunick during the 1970s, but his idea had been dismissed as too expensive and unnecessary. Only after the deaths of Adam Petty, Kenny Irwin and Tony Roper in 2000, and Dale Earnhardt in 2001 did NASCAR revisit the idea of decreasing the G-forces a driver sustained during a crash. Other examples of available safety features that were slow to be implemented include the mandating of a throttle "kill switch".


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Context: where did the 32nd race take place?

Context: what is the full form of nascar?

Context: who founded this?

Context: Bill France Sr,

Context: and when did it happen?

Context: can you list any two safety measures that it has?

Context: HANS device (Head And Neck Support Device), kill switch

Question: how many people participated in the race?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

NASCAR [SEP] Driver safety


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Context: where did the 32nd race take place?

Context: what is the full form of nascar?

Context: who founded this?

Context: Bill France Sr,

Context: and when did it happen?

Context: how many people participated in the race?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who won the race?

Answer: Jimmie Johnson

Explanation: Jimmie Johnson won the 500‑lap race after he started from the ninth position;

2006 Subway 500 [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Context: where did the 32nd race take place?

Context: what is the full form of nascar?

Context: who founded this?

Context: Bill France Sr,

Context: and when did it happen?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who won the race?

Context: Jimmie Johnson

Question: where is he from?

Answer: Born in El Cajon, California. Now lives in Charlotte, North Carolina

Jimmie Johnson [SEP] Personal life

Johnson was born on September 17, 1975 in El Cajon, California, the son of Catherine Ellen "Cathy" (née Dunnill) and Gary Ernest Johnson. He has two younger brothers, Jarit and Jessie. Both have made professional off-road racing starts in the . Johnson attended Granite Hills High School, while he raced motorcycles during the weekends. He was a varsity water polo player, diver, and swimmer, and graduated in 1993. The number 48 is retired from all sports teams uniforms at his school and Johnson was inducted into the school's Athletic Hall of Fame. Johnson lives in Charlotte, North Carolina like many other NASCAR drivers.


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Context: where did the 32nd race take place?

Context: what is the full form of nascar?

Context: who founded this?

Context: Bill France Sr,

Context: and when did it happen?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who won the race?

Context: Jimmie Johnson

Context: where is he from?

Context: Born in El Cajon, California. Now lives in Charlotte, North Carolina

Question: which was the first race that he participated in?

Answer: In 1983 he won the 60cc class championship (off-road racing)

Jimmie Johnson [SEP] Off-road racing

Johnson started racing motorcycles in 1980 when he was four. Three years later, he won the 60cc class championship, despite having an injured knee. Afterward, he moved to the Mickey Thompson Entertainment Group (MTEG) Stadium Racing Series where he won several more awards. In 1993, Johnson was given the opportunity to drive for Herb Fishel. He refused the deal and continued racing buggies and trucks in off-road stadium and desert races. He also reported for ESPN in the Short Course Off-Road Drivers Association (SODA). Three years later, Johnson drove for Herzog Motorsports in the off-road truck series in 1996. By 1997, Johnson had progressed to SODA's Class 8; Class 8 is short-course off-road racing's class of two-wheel-drive Trophy Trucks which generate about 800 horsepower.


Context: what is 2006 subway 500?

Context: when was it started?

Context: October 22, 2006

Context: where did the 32nd race take place?

Context: what is the full form of nascar?

Context: who founded this?

Context: Bill France Sr,

Context: and when did it happen?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who won the race?

Context: Jimmie Johnson

Context: where is he from?

Context: which was the first race that he participated in?

Context: In 1983 he won the 60cc class championship (off-road racing)

Question: did he receive any award or honor?

Answer: Driver of the Year Award, Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year Award, ranked No. 1 on Forbes.com's list of "Most Influential Athletes

Jimmie Johnson [SEP] Awards and honors

In 2000, "People" recognized Johnson as one of their "Men in the Fast Lane". Johnson has won the Driver of the Year Award five times (2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2013). In 2009, he became the first racing driver to win the Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year Award in the United States. Johnson was ranked No. 1 on Forbes.com's list of "Most Influential Athletes" for two consecutive years (2011, 2012).