Context: 28 April 1789

Context: what did the mutineers want?

Context: They seized control of the ship

Context: Lieutenant William Bligh

Context: when did he begun sailing?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has he been portrayed in literature?

Context: Yes

Context: Rum Rebellion

Context: what was that?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the name of the documentary made about the mutiny discussed above?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who was bligh?

Answer: He was an officer of the Royal Navy and a colonial administrator.

William Bligh [SEP] Introduction

Vice-Admiral William Bligh (9 September 1754 – 7 December 1817) was an officer of the Royal Navy and a colonial administrator. The Mutiny on the Bounty occurred during his command of in 1789; after being set adrift in "Bounty"s launch by the mutineers, Bligh and his loyal men all reached Timor alive, after a journey of . Seventeen years after the "Bounty" mutiny, on 13 August 1806, he was appointed Governor of New South Wales in Australia, with orders to clean up the corrupt rum trade of the New South Wales Corps. His actions directed against the trade resulted in the so-called Rum Rebellion, during which Bligh was placed under arrest on 26 January 1808 by the New South Wales Corps and deposed from his command, an act which the British Foreign Office later declared to be illegal.


Question: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Answer: It is the 18th and final episode of the fifth season of the animated comedy series "Family Guy".

Meet the Quagmires [SEP] Introduction

"Meet the Quagmires" is the 18th and final episode of the fifth season of the animated comedy series "Family Guy". It originally aired on Fox on May 20, 2007. The episode features Peter after he goes back in time, in order to live the single life a little longer, before he meets future wife Lois. This causes Quagmire to make his own move on Lois, and they ultimately end up marrying and having children; Peter is horrified by this "alternate timeline" and resolves to go back in time again and set things right. The episode was written by Mark Hentemann and directed by Dan Povenmire and Chris Robertson.


Context: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Context: It is the 18th and final episode of the fifth season of the animated comedy series "Family Guy".

Question: who wrote this episode?

Answer: Mark Hentemann

Explanation: The episode was written by Mark Hentemann and directed by Dan Povenmire and Chris Robertson.

Meet the Quagmires [SEP] Introduction

It received mostly positive reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 9.1 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Luke Adams, Jeff Bergman, Adam Carolla, Beth Littleford and Will Sasso, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series.


Context: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Mark Hentemann

Question: on which network was it aired?

Answer: Fox network

Explanation: It originally aired on Fox on May 20, 2007.

Meet the Quagmires [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Mark Hentemann

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: Fox network

Question: who are the characters in the series of this episode?

Answer: Peter and Lois Griffins, and their children Meg, Chris, and Stewie; and their anthropomorphic pet dog, Brian.

Family Guy [SEP] Introduction

Family Guy is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company that debuted on January 31, 1999. The series is produced by Fuzzy Door Productions and 20th Television and syndicated by 20th Television. The series centers on the Griffins, a family consisting of parents Peter and Lois; their children, Meg, Chris, and Stewie; and their anthropomorphic pet dog, Brian. The show is set in the fictional city of Quahog, Rhode Island, and exhibits much of its surreal and dark humor in the form of metafictional cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture. The family was conceived by MacFarlane after developing two animated films, "The Life of Larry" and "Larry & Steve".


Context: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Mark Hentemann

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: Fox network

Context: who are the characters in the series of this episode?

Context: Peter and Lois Griffins, and their children Meg, Chris, and Stewie; and their anthropomorphic pet dog, Brian.

Question: who voiced the first character?

Answer: Seth MacFarlane

Peter Griffin [SEP] Introduction

Justin Peter Löwenbräu Griffin, Sr. is a fictional character and the protagonist of the American animated sitcom "Family Guy". He is voiced by the series' creator, Seth MacFarlane, and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the Griffin family, in the 15-minute pilot pitch of "Family Guy" on December 20, 1998. Peter was created and designed by MacFarlane himself. MacFarlane was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company based on "Larry & Steve", a short made by MacFarlane which featured a middle-aged character named Larry and an intellectual dog, Steve. After the pilot was given the green light, the Griffin family appeared in the episode "Death Has a Shadow".


Context: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Mark Hentemann

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: Fox network

Context: who voiced the first character?

Context: Seth MacFarlane

Question: has the series undergone or claimed any lawsuit?

Answer: Yes, comedian Carol Burnett filed a $6 million lawsuit against 20th Century Fox, claiming that her charwoman cartoon character had been portrayed on the show without her permission.

Family Guy [SEP] Lawsuits

In March 2007 comedian Carol Burnett filed a $6 million lawsuit against 20th Century Fox, claiming that her charwoman cartoon character had been portrayed on the show without her permission. She stated it was a trademark infringement, and that Fox violated her publicity rights. On June 4, 2007, United States District Judge Dean D. Pregerson rejected the lawsuit, stating that the parody was protected under the First Amendment, citing "Hustler Magazine v. Falwell" as a precedent. On October 3, 2007, Bourne Co. Music Publishers filed a lawsuit accusing the show of infringing its copyright on the song "When You Wish Upon a Star", through a parody song entitled "I Need a Jew" appearing in the episode "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein".


Context: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Mark Hentemann

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: Fox network

Context: who voiced the first character?

Context: Seth MacFarlane

Context: has the series undergone or claimed any lawsuit?

Context: Yes, comedian Carol Burnett filed a $6 million lawsuit against 20th Century Fox, claiming that her charwoman cartoon character had been portrayed on the show without her permission.

Question: what other television roles has this comedian played?

Answer: Appeared as a panelist on the game show "Password", "The Carol Burnett Show's" "The Family" sketches spinoff, "Mama's Family".

Explanation:
She made frequent appearances as a panelist on the game show "Password", an association she maintained until the early 1980s (in fact, Mark Goodson awarded her his Silver Password All-Stars Award for best celebrity player; she's also credited with coming up with the title "Password Plus", when it was originally planned to be titled "Password '79").

In the 1980s and 1990s, she made several attempts at starting a new variety program. She also appeared briefly on "The Carol Burnett Show's" "The Family" sketches spinoff, "Mama's Family"

Carol Burnett [SEP] 1969–2015: Television roles

Four years later, she appeared in the Broadway revue "Putting It Together". In 2014, Burnett joined two-time Tony Award Winner, Brian Dennehy, on Broadway in A. R. Gurney's "Love Letters". Burnett had long been a fan of the soap opera "All My Children", and realized a dream when Agnes Nixon created the role of Verla Grubbs for her in 1983. Burnett played the long-lost daughter of Langley Wallingford (Louis Edmonds), causing trouble for her stepmother Phoebe Tyler-Wallingford (Ruth Warrick). She made occasional appearances on the soap opera in each decade thereafter. She hosted a 25th-anniversary special about the show in 1995 and made a brief cameo appearance as Verla Grubbs on the January 5, 2005, episode which celebrated the show's 35th anniversary.


Context: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Mark Hentemann

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: Fox network

Context: who voiced the first character?

Context: Seth MacFarlane

Context: what other television roles has this comedian played?

Context: Appeared as a panelist on the game show "Password", "The Carol Burnett Show's" "The Family" sketches spinoff, "Mama's Family".

Question: is there any show that is named after her?

Answer: Yes, "The Carol Burnett Show"

Carol Burnett [SEP] Introduction

Carol Creighton Burnett (born April 26, 1933) is an American actress, comedian, singer, and writer, whose career spans seven decades of television. She is best known for her groundbreaking comedy variety show, "The Carol Burnett Show", originally aired on CBS. It was one of the first of its kind to be hosted by a woman. She has achieved success on stage, television and film in varying genres including dramatic and comedic roles. She has also appeared on various talk shows and as a panelist on game shows. Born in San Antonio, Texas, Burnett moved with her grandmother to Hollywood, where she attended Hollywood High School and eventually studied theater and musical comedy at UCLA.


Context: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Mark Hentemann

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: Fox network

Context: who voiced the first character?

Context: Seth MacFarlane

Context: is there any show that is named after her?

Context: Yes, "The Carol Burnett Show"

Question: was this show available on home media?

Answer: Yes, in early 2000s, certain full-length episodes of "The Carol Burnett Show" were released on VHS and DVD.

The Carol Burnett Show [SEP] Home media

In the early 2000s, certain full-length episodes of "The Carol Burnett Show" were released on VHS and DVD by Columbia House on a subscription basis (now discontinued). Guthy-Renker released another DVD collection, "The Carol Burnett Show Collector's Edition". In August 2012, Time–Life released "The Carol Burnett Show - The Ultimate Collection" on DVD in Region 1. This 22-disc set features 50 episodes from the series, selected by Burnett. It also contains bonus features, including interviews with the cast, featurettes, sketches that were never aired, and a 24-page commemorative booklet. In August 2015, Time–Life released "The Carol Burnett Show - The Lost Episodes" on DVD in Region 1.


Context: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Mark Hentemann

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: Fox network

Context: who voiced the first character?

Context: Seth MacFarlane

Context: Yes, "The Carol Burnett Show"

Context: was this show available on home media?

Context: Yes, in early 2000s, certain full-length episodes of "The Carol Burnett Show" were released on VHS and DVD.

Question: what was the role of the first character you mentioned?

Answer: He is the protagonist and the father in the Griffin family.

Explanation: Justin Peter Löwenbräu Griffin, Sr. is a fictional character and the protagonist of the American animated sitcom "Family Guy".

Peter Griffin [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Mark Hentemann

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: Fox network

Context: who voiced the first character?

Context: Seth MacFarlane

Context: Yes, "The Carol Burnett Show"

Context: was this show available on home media?

Context: what was the role of the first character you mentioned?

Context: He is the protagonist and the father in the Griffin family.

Question: what is his personality like?

Answer: He is a stereotypical blue-collar worker who frequently gets drunk, he has a low I.Q. at around 70, and is known for his brash impulsiveness.

Peter Griffin [SEP] Personality

Peter is a stereotypical blue-collar worker who frequently gets drunk with his neighbors and friends Cleveland Brown, Joe Swanson and Glenn Quagmire at "The Drunken Clam," Quahog's local tavern. In the season 4 episode "Petarded", Peter discovered his low intellect falls slightly below the level for mental retardation after taking an I.Q. test, which places his I.Q. at around 70. Peter is known for his brash impulsiveness, which has led to several awkward situations, such as attempting to molest Meg in order to adopt a redneck lifestyle. He is easily influenced by anyone he finds interesting and will often try to replicate their lifestyle and behavior merely out of curiosity.


Context: what is 'meet the quagmires'?

Context: who wrote this episode?

Context: Mark Hentemann

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: Fox network

Context: who voiced the first character?

Context: Seth MacFarlane

Context: Yes, "The Carol Burnett Show"

Context: was this show available on home media?

Context: what is his personality like?

Context: He is a stereotypical blue-collar worker who frequently gets drunk, he has a low I.Q. at around 70, and is known for his brash impulsiveness.

Question: did it face any criticism?

Answer: Yes, the character has been criticized for being too similar to Homer Simpson.

Peter Griffin [SEP] Criticism and controversy

Peter has been criticized for being too similar to Homer Simpson. Peter has appeared in some episodes of "The Simpsons", in these episodes which he has been featured he has been depicted as Homer Simpson's clone or is accused of plagiarism. Ken Tucker of "Entertainment Weekly" wrote that Peter is Homer Simpson "as conceived by a singularly sophomoric mind that lacks any reference point beyond other TV shows". Robin Pierson from "The TV Critic" criticized the Griffin family for being too similar to the Simpson family; and he said that Peter "has Homer Simpson written all over him". This is eventually made fun of in the episode "Ratings Guy" when, after Peter ruins television and goes to the networks to reverse the changes, Homer Simpson shows up with the same plight, with Peter going "A-ha! Looks like this is one WE beat YOU to!" In "The Simpsons Guy", a crossover episode between "Family Guy" and "The Simpsons", the Griffins end up in the town of Springfield after their car is stolen, where they meet and befriend the Simpsons.


Question: where did the battle between beowulf and grendel take place

Answer: Heorot.

Explanation: Beowulf and his men spend the night in Heorot. Beowulf refuses to use any weapon because he holds himself to be the equal of Grendel.

Beowulf [SEP] First battle: Grendel

Beowulf refuses to use any weapon because he holds himself to be the equal of Grendel. When Grendel enters the hall, Beowulf, who has been feigning sleep, leaps up to clench Grendel's hand. Grendel and Beowulf battle each other violently. Beowulf's retainers draw their swords and rush to his aid, but their blades cannot pierce Grendel's skin. Finally, Beowulf tears Grendel's arm from his body at the shoulder and Grendel runs to his home in the marshes where he dies. Beowulf displays "the whole of Grendel's shoulder and arm, his awesome grasp" for all to see at Heorot. This display would fuel Grendel's mother's anger in revenge.


Context: where did the battle between beowulf and grendel take place

Context: Heorot.

Question: which country is the above place located?

Answer: Denmark.

Heorot [SEP] Introduction

Heorot or Herot (Old English 'hart, stag') is a mead-hall and major point of focus in the Anglo-Saxon poem "Beowulf". The hall, located in Denmark, serves as a seat of rule for King Hrothgar, a legendary Danish king. After the monster Grendel slaughters the inhabitants of the hall, the Geatish hero Beowulf defends the royal hall before subsequently defeating him. Later Grendel's mother attacks the inhabitants of the hall, and she too is subsequently defeated by Beowulf. The hall is generally held to correspond to the great hall of Lejre in Denmark found in North Germanic texts. A location of the same name receives mention in the Old English poem "Widsith".


Context: Heorot.

Context: which country is the above place located?

Context: Denmark.

Question: what is beowulf all about?

Answer: The story is set in Scandinavia in the 6th century. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, whose mead hall in Heorot has been under attack by a monster known as Grendel. After Beowulf slays him, Grendel's mother attacks the hall and is then also defeated. Victorious, Beowulf goes home to Geatland (Götaland in modern Sweden) and becomes king of the Geats. Fifty years later, Beowulf defeats a dragon, but is mortally wounded in the battle. After his death, his attendants cremate his body and erect a tower on a headland in his memory.

Explanation: The story is set in Scandinavia in the 6th century. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, whose mead hall in Heorot has been under attack by a monster known as Grendel. After Beowulf slays him, Grendel's mother attacks the hall and is then also defeated. Victorious, Beowulf goes home to Geatland (Götaland in modern Sweden) and becomes king of the Geats. Fifty years later, Beowulf defeats a dragon, but is mortally wounded in the battle. After his death, his attendants cremate his body and erect a tower on a headland in his memory.

Beowulf [SEP] Introduction

After Beowulf slays him, Grendel's mother attacks the hall and is then also defeated. Victorious, Beowulf goes home to Geatland (Götaland in modern Sweden) and becomes king of the Geats. Fifty years later, Beowulf defeats a dragon, but is mortally wounded in the battle. After his death, his attendants cremate his body and erect a tower on a headland in his memory. The poem survives in a single copy in the manuscript known as the Nowell Codex. It has no title in the original manuscript, but has become known by the name of the story's protagonist. In 1731, the manuscript was damaged by a fire that swept through Ashburnham House in London that had a collection of medieval manuscripts assembled by Sir Robert Bruce Cotton; the margins were charred, and a number of readings were lost.


Context: Heorot.

Context: Denmark.

Context: what is beowulf all about?

Context: The story is set in Scandinavia in the 6th century. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, whose mead hall in Heorot has been under attack by a monster known as Grendel. After Beowulf slays him, Grendel's mother attacks the hall and is then also defeated. Victorious, Beowulf goes home to Geatland (Götaland in modern Sweden) and becomes king of the Geats. Fifty years later, Beowulf defeats a dragon, but is mortally wounded in the battle. After his death, his attendants cremate his body and erect a tower on a headland in his memory.

Question: is it a fictional story or is it real?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Beowulf [SEP] Introduction

Beowulf (; ) is an Old English epic poem consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It is one of the most important works of Old English literature. The date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating pertains to the manuscript, which was produced between 975 and 1025. The anonymous poet is referred to by scholars as the ""Beowulf" poet". The story is set in Scandinavia in the 6th century. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, whose mead hall in Heorot has been under attack by a monster known as Grendel.


Context: Heorot.

Context: Denmark.

Context: what is beowulf all about?

Context: is it a fictional story or is it real?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: does this story have an author?

Answer: The anonymous poet is referred to by scholars as the ""Beowulf" poet".

Explanation: The anonymous poet is referred to by scholars as the ""Beowulf" poet".

Beowulf [SEP] Introduction


Context: Heorot.

Context: Denmark.

Context: what is beowulf all about?

Context: is it a fictional story or is it real?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does this story have an author?

Question: when was this written?

Answer: Between 975 and 1025.

Explanation: The date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating pertains to the manuscript, which was produced between 975 and 1025. The anonymous poet is referred to by scholars as the ""Beowulf" poet".

Beowulf [SEP] Introduction


Context: Heorot.

Context: Denmark.

Context: what is beowulf all about?

Context: is it a fictional story or is it real?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does this story have an author?

Context: when was this written?

Context: Between 975 and 1025.

Question: which language was it originally written in?

Answer: The poem mixes the West Saxon and Anglian dialects of Old English.

Beowulf [SEP] Dialect

The poem mixes the West Saxon and Anglian dialects of Old English, though it predominantly uses West Saxon, as do other Old English poems copied at the time. There is a wide array of linguistic forms in the "Beowulf" manuscript. It is this fact that leads some scholars to believe that "Beowulf" has endured a long and complicated transmission through all the main dialect areas. The poem retains a complicated mix of the following dialectical forms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Early West Saxon, Kentish and Late West Saxon. There are in "Beowulf" more than 3100 distinct words, and almost 1300 occur exclusively, or almost exclusively, in this poem and in the other poetical texts.


Context: Heorot.

Context: Denmark.

Context: what is beowulf all about?

Context: is it a fictional story or is it real?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does this story have an author?

Context: when was this written?

Context: Between 975 and 1025.

Context: which language was it originally written in?

Context: The poem mixes the West Saxon and Anglian dialects of Old English.

Question: which languages was this written work translated into?

Answer: It has been translated into at least 23 other languages.

Explanation: Beowulf has been translated into at least 23 other languages.

Beowulf [SEP] Translations and adaptations

N. F. S. Grundtvig reviewed this edition in 1815 and created the first complete verse translation in Danish in 1820. In 1837, John Mitchell Kemble created an important literal translation in English. In 1895, William Morris & A. J. Wyatt published the ninth English translation. Many retellings of "Beowulf" for children began appearing in the 20th century.


Context: Heorot.

Context: Denmark.

Context: what is beowulf all about?

Context: is it a fictional story or is it real?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does this story have an author?

Context: when was this written?

Context: Between 975 and 1025.

Context: which languages was this written work translated into?

Context: It has been translated into at least 23 other languages.

Question: was this work influenced by the bible?

Answer: Yes.

Beowulf [SEP] Biblical influences

It cannot be denied that Biblical parallels occur in the text, whether seen as a pagan work with "Christian colouring" added by scribes or as a "Christian historical novel, with selected bits of paganism deliberately laid on as 'local colour'," as Margaret E. Goldsmith did in "The Christian Theme of "Beowulf"". "Beowulf" channels the Book of Genesis, the Book of Exodus, and the Book of Daniel in its inclusion of references to the Genesis creation narrative, the story of Cain and Abel, Noah and the flood, the Devil, Hell, and the Last Judgment.


Context: Heorot.

Context: Denmark.

Context: what is beowulf all about?

Context: is it a fictional story or is it real?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does this story have an author?

Context: when was this written?

Context: Between 975 and 1025.

Context: was this work influenced by the bible?

Context: Yes.

Question: what was the criticism it received?

Answer: Excessive interest in its historical implications.

Beowulf [SEP] Interpretation and criticism

The history of modern "Beowulf" criticism is often said to begin with J. R. R. Tolkien, author and Merton professor of Anglo-Saxon at University of Oxford, who in his 1936 lecture to the British Academy criticised his contemporaries' excessive interest in its historical implications. He noted in "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" that as a result the poem's literary value had been largely overlooked and argued that the poem "is in fact so interesting as poetry, in places poetry so powerful, that this quite overshadows the historical content..."


Question: where does most of the world's lithium come from

Answer: South America

Lithium [SEP] Production

Lithium production has greatly increased since the end of World War II. The metal is separated from other elements in igneous minerals. The metal is produced through electrolysis from a mixture of fused 55% lithium chloride and 45% potassium chloride at about 450 °C. As of 2015, most of the world's lithium production is in South America, where lithium-containing brine is extracted from underground pools and concentrated by solar evaporation. The standard extraction technique is to evaporate water from brine. Each batch takes from 18 to 24 months. In 1998, the price of lithium was about (or US$43/lb).


Context: where does most of the world's lithium come from

Context: South America

Question: what are the uses of it?

Answer: It has several industrial applications, including heat-resistant glass and ceramics, lithium grease lubricants, flux additives for iron, steel and aluminium production, lithium batteries, and lithium-ion batteries.

Lithium [SEP] Introduction

Lithium and its compounds have several industrial applications, including heat-resistant glass and ceramics, lithium grease lubricants, flux additives for iron, steel and aluminium production, lithium batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. These uses consume more than three-quarters of lithium production.


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: It has several industrial applications, including heat-resistant glass and ceramics, lithium grease lubricants, flux additives for iron, steel and aluminium production, lithium batteries, and lithium-ion batteries.

Question: in which living beings this substance can be found?

Answer: Marine organisms and terrestrial organisms.

Lithium [SEP] Biological

Lithium is found in trace amount in numerous plants, plankton, and invertebrates, at concentrations of 69 to 5,760 parts per billion (ppb). In vertebrates the concentration is slightly lower, and nearly all vertebrate tissue and body fluids contain lithium ranging from 21 to 763 ppb. Marine organisms tend to bioaccumulate lithium more than terrestrial organisms. Whether lithium has a physiological role in any of these organisms is unknown.


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: in which living beings this substance can be found?

Context: Marine organisms and terrestrial organisms.

Question: how this substance can be produce artificially?

Answer: It is produced through electrolysis from a mixture of fused 55% lithium chloride and 45% potassium chloride at about 450 °C.

Explanation: The metal is produced through electrolysis from a mixture of fused 55% lithium chloride and 45% potassium chloride at about 450 °C.

Lithium [SEP] Production


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: how this substance can be produce artificially?

Context: It is produced through electrolysis from a mixture of fused 55% lithium chloride and 45% potassium chloride at about 450 °C.

Question: what do you mean by the term you just mentioned?

Answer: It is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.

Electrolysis [SEP] Introduction

In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Electrolysis is commercially important as a stage in the separation of elements from naturally occurring sources such as ores using an electrolytic cell. The voltage that is needed for electrolysis to occur is called the decomposition potential.


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: what do you mean by the term you just mentioned?

Context: It is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.

Question: who introduced this term?

Answer: Michael Faraday

Electrolysis [SEP] History

The word "electrolysis" was introduced by Michael Faraday in the 19th century, on the suggestion of the Rev. William Whewell, using the Greek words "amber", which since the 17th century was associated with electrical phenomena, and "" meaning "dissolution". Nevertheless, electrolysis, as a tool to study chemical reactions and obtain pure elements, precedes the coinage of the term and formal description by Faraday. In the early nineteenth century, William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle sought to further Volta's experiments. They attached two wires to either side of Volta's battery and placed the other ends in a tube filled with water. They noticed when the wires were brought together that each wire produced bubbles.


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: who introduced this term?

Context: Michael Faraday

Question: what is the process of this technique?

Answer: The key process is the interchange of atoms and ions by the removal or addition of electrons due to the applied current.

Electrolysis [SEP] Process of electrolysis

The key process of electrolysis is the interchange of atoms and ions by the removal or addition of electrons due to the applied current. The desired products of electrolysis are often in a different physical state from the electrolyte and can be removed by physical processes (e.g. by collecting gas above an electrode or precipitating a product out of the electrolyte). The quantity of the products is proportional to the current, and when two or more electrolytic cells are connected in series to the same power source, the products produced in the cells are proportional to their equivalent weight. These are known as Faraday's laws of electrolysis.


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: who introduced this term?

Context: Michael Faraday

Context: what is the process of this technique?

Context: The key process is the interchange of atoms and ions by the removal or addition of electrons due to the applied current.

Question: can you mention any related techniques of it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: who introduced this term?

Context: Michael Faraday

Context: what is the process of this technique?

Context: can you mention any related techniques of it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how this technique or process can be use in industries?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: who introduced this term?

Context: Michael Faraday

Context: what is the process of this technique?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how this technique or process can be use in industries?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how the earlier mentioned substance can be used in air purification?

Answer: Lithium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide from the air by forming lithium carbonate and releases oxygen.

Lithium [SEP] Air purification

Lithium chloride and lithium bromide are hygroscopic and are used as desiccants for gas streams. Lithium hydroxide and lithium peroxide are the salts most used in confined areas, such as aboard spacecraft and submarines, for carbon dioxide removal and air purification. Lithium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide from the air by forming lithium carbonate, and is preferred over other alkaline hydroxides for its low weight. Lithium peroxide (LiO) in presence of moisture not only reacts with carbon dioxide to form lithium carbonate, but also releases oxygen. The reaction is as follows: Some of the aforementioned compounds, as well as lithium perchlorate, are used in oxygen candles that supply submarines with oxygen.


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: who introduced this term?

Context: Michael Faraday

Context: what is the process of this technique?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how the earlier mentioned substance can be used in air purification?

Context: Lithium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide from the air by forming lithium carbonate and releases oxygen.

Question: which disease or disorder can be treated with the help of this element?

Answer: Bipolar disorder.

Lithium [SEP] Medicine

Lithium is useful in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Lithium salts may also be helpful for related diagnoses, such as schizoaffective disorder and cyclic major depression. The active part of these salts is the lithium ion Li. They may increase the risk of developing Ebstein's cardiac anomaly in infants born to women who take lithium during the first trimester of pregnancy. Lithium has also been researched as a possible treatment for cluster headaches.


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: who introduced this term?

Context: Michael Faraday

Context: what is the process of this technique?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which disease or disorder can be treated with the help of this element?

Context: Bipolar disorder.

Question: what type of disorder is this?

Answer: It is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that last from days to weeks each.

Bipolar disorder [SEP] Introduction

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that last from days to weeks each. If the elevated mood is severe or associated with psychosis, it is called mania; if it is less severe, it is called hypomania. During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy, or irritable, and they often make impulsive decisions with little regard for the consequences. There is usually also a reduced need for sleep during manic phases. During periods of depression, the individual may experience crying and have a negative outlook on life and poor eye contact with others.


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: who introduced this term?

Context: Michael Faraday

Context: what is the process of this technique?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Bipolar disorder.

Context: what type of disorder is this?

Context: It is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that last from days to weeks each.

Question: can u tell me how it is caused?

Answer: Genetic influences are believed to account for 73–93% of the risk of developing the disorder indicating a strong hereditary component.

Bipolar disorder [SEP] Causes

The causes of bipolar disorder likely vary between individuals and the exact mechanism underlying the disorder remains unclear. Genetic influences are believed to account for 73–93% of the risk of developing the disorder indicating a strong hereditary component. The overall heritability of the bipolar spectrum has been estimated at 0.71. Twin studies have been limited by relatively small sample sizes but have indicated a substantial genetic contribution, as well as environmental influence. For bipolar I disorder, the rate at which identical twins (same genes) will both have bipolar I disorder (concordance) is around 40%, compared to about 5% in fraternal twins.


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: who introduced this term?

Context: Michael Faraday

Context: what is the process of this technique?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Bipolar disorder.

Context: what type of disorder is this?

Context: can u tell me how it is caused?

Context: Genetic influences are believed to account for 73–93% of the risk of developing the disorder indicating a strong hereditary component.

Question: does it have any indication?

Answer: They may include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder as well as many other medical conditions.

Bipolar disorder [SEP] Introduction

The condition is classified as bipolar I disorder if there has been at least one manic episode, with or without depressive episodes, and as bipolar II disorder if there has been at least one hypomanic episode (but no full manic episodes) and one major depressive episode. If the symptoms are due to drugs or medical problems, they are not diagnosed as bipolar disorder. Other conditions having overlapping symptoms with bipolar disorder include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder as well as many other medical conditions. Medical testing is not required for a diagnosis, though blood tests or medical imaging can rule out other problems.


Context: South America

Context: what are the uses of it?

Context: who introduced this term?

Context: Michael Faraday

Context: what is the process of this technique?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Bipolar disorder.

Context: what type of disorder is this?

Context: can u tell me how it is caused?

Context: does it have any indication?

Context: They may include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder as well as many other medical conditions.

Question: how this can be prevented?

Answer: Attempts at prevention of bipolar disorder have focused on stress such as childhood adversities.

Explanation: Attempts at prevention of bipolar disorder have focused on stress (such as childhood adversity or highly conflictual families) which, although not a diagnostically specific causal agent for bipolar, does place genetically and biologically vulnerable individuals at risk for a more severe course of illness.

Bipolar disorder [SEP] Prevention


Question: who was charlotte stuart, duchess of albany?

Answer: The illegitimate daughter of the Jacobite pretender Prince Charles Edward Stuart

Explanation: Charlotte Stuart, styled Duchess of Albany (29 October 1753 – 17 November 1789) was the illegitimate daughter of the Jacobite pretender Prince Charles Edward Stuart ('Bonnie Prince Charlie' or the 'Young Pretender') and his only child to survive infancy.

Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany [SEP] Introduction

She was finally reconciled with her father in 1784, when he legitimised her and created her Duchess of Albany in the Jacobite Peerage. She left her own children with her mother, and became her father's carer and companion in the last years of his life, before dying less than two years after him. Her three children were raised in anonymity; however, as the only grandchildren of the pretender, they have been the subject of Jacobite interest since their lineage was uncovered in the 20th century.


Context: who was charlotte stuart, duchess of albany?

Context: The illegitimate daughter of the Jacobite pretender Prince Charles Edward Stuart

Question: when was she born?

Answer: 29 October 1753

Charlotte Stuart, styled Duchess of Albany (29 October 1753 – 17 November 1789) was the illegitimate daughter of the Jacobite pretender Prince Charles Edward Stuart ('Bonnie Prince Charlie' or the 'Young Pretender') and his only child to survive infancy. Her mother was Clementina Walkinshaw, who was mistress to the Prince from 1752 until 1760. After years of abuse, Clementina left him, taking Charlotte with her. Charlotte spent most of her life in French convents, estranged from a father who refused to make any provision for her. Unable to marry, she herself became a mistress with illegitimate children, taking Ferdinand de Rohan, Archbishop of Bordeaux, as her lover.


Context: when was she born?

Context: 29 October 1753

Question: whom was she married to?

Answer: Unable to marry, she herself became a mistress with illegitimate children, taking Ferdinand de Rohan, Archbishop of Bordeaux, as her lover.

Explanation: Unable to marry, she herself became a mistress with illegitimate children, taking Ferdinand de Rohan, Archbishop of Bordeaux, as her lover.


Context: when was she born?

Context: 29 October 1753

Context: whom was she married to?

Context: Unable to marry, she herself became a mistress with illegitimate children, taking Ferdinand de Rohan, Archbishop of Bordeaux, as her lover.

Question: has her story ever been adapted in any form of art?

Answer: Yes, Charlotte Stuart's story enter into the Jacobite folklore and "The Bonnie Lass of Albanie", a lament to Charlotte Stuart probably written at the time of her death

Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany [SEP] In Jacobite folklore

Charlotte Stuart's story did not take long to enter into the Jacobite folklore. The Scots poet, Robert Burns (1759–96), a near contemporary, wrote a number of works celebrating the tragic romanticism of the Jacobite cause. Amongst them was "The Bonnie Lass of Albanie", a lament to Charlotte Stuart probably written at the time of her death. Indeed, evidence from an unpublished collection of letters from Burns to Robert Ainslie reveals the Poet's fascination with Charlotte, in that he considered naming one of his own illegitimate children Charlotte after her. This lovely maid's of nobel blood, That ruled Albion's kingdoms three; But Oh, Alas! for her bonie face, They hae wrang'd the lass of ALBANIE.


Context: when was she born?

Context: 29 October 1753

Context: whom was she married to?

Context: has her story ever been adapted in any form of art?

Context: Yes, Charlotte Stuart's story enter into the Jacobite folklore and "The Bonnie Lass of Albanie", a lament to Charlotte Stuart probably written at the time of her death

Question: who published it?

Answer: The Scots poet, Robert Burns

Explanation: The Scots poet, Robert Burns (1759–96), a near contemporary, wrote a number of works celebrating the tragic romanticism of the Jacobite cause.


Context: when was she born?

Context: 29 October 1753

Context: whom was she married to?

Context: who published it?

Context: The Scots poet, Robert Burns

Question: can you name a few other works done by him?

Answer: "A Red, Red Rose", "A Man's a Man for A' That", "To a Louse"

Robert Burns [SEP] Introduction

His poem (and song) "Auld Lang Syne" is often sung at Hogmanay (the last day of the year), and "Scots Wha Hae" served for a long time as an unofficial national anthem of the country. Other poems and songs of Burns that remain well known across the world today include "A Red, Red Rose", "A Man's a Man for A' That", "To a Louse", "To a Mouse", "The Battle of Sherramuir", "Tam o' Shanter" and "Ae Fond Kiss".


Context: when was she born?

Context: 29 October 1753

Context: whom was she married to?

Context: who published it?

Context: The Scots poet, Robert Burns

Context: can you name a few other works done by him?

Context: "A Red, Red Rose", "A Man's a Man for A' That", "To a Louse"

Question: where did the first song originate from?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Robert Burns [SEP] Introduction

Robert Burns (25 January 175921 July 1796), also known familiarly as Rabbie Burns, the National Bard, Bard of Ayrshire and the Ploughman Poet and various other names and epithets, was a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots language, although much of his writing is in English and a light Scots dialect, accessible to an audience beyond Scotland. He also wrote in standard English, and in these writings his political or civil commentary is often at its bluntest.


Context: when was she born?

Context: 29 October 1753

Context: whom was she married to?

Context: who published it?

Context: The Scots poet, Robert Burns

Context: where did the first song originate from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: was this song a part of any musical performance?

Answer: Yes, Urbani published the song to an original tune and the song appeared in Johnson's Museum

A Red, Red Rose [SEP] Musical performances

Urbani published the song to an original tune that he wrote. The song appeared in Johnson's Museum in 1797 to the tune of Niel Gow's "Major Graham" which was the tune that Burns wanted. In 1799, it appeared in Thomson's "Scottish Airs" set to William Marshall's "Wishaw's Favourite" with the lyric "And fare thee weel awhile" changed. The song became more popular when Robert Archibald Smith paired it with the tune of "Low Down in the Broom" in his "Scottish Minstrel" book in 1821. This has become the most popular arrangement. The song has been widely performed by a range of artists in the 20th and 21st centuries including Jean Redpath, Pat Boone, Kenneth McKellar, the Fureys, Eddi Reader, Camera Obscura, Eva Cassidy, Izzy, and Ronnie Browne of the Corries (in his solo album after Roy Williamson's death, 'Scottish Love Songs'(1995)).


Context: when was she born?

Context: 29 October 1753

Context: whom was she married to?

Context: who published it?

Context: The Scots poet, Robert Burns

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was this song a part of any musical performance?

Context: Yes, Urbani published the song to an original tune and the song appeared in Johnson's Museum

Question: was that an album?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: when was she born?

Context: 29 October 1753

Context: whom was she married to?

Context: who published it?

Context: The Scots poet, Robert Burns

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was that an album?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what was his inspiration to write this?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Question: what is a ruff?

Answer: Medium-sized wading bird.

Ruff (bird) [SEP] Introduction

The ruff ("Calidris pugnax") is a medium-sized wading bird that breeds in marshes and wet meadows across northern Eurasia. This highly gregarious sandpiper is migratory and sometimes forms huge flocks in its winter grounds, which include southern and western Europe, Africa, southern Asia and Australia. The ruff is a long-necked, pot-bellied bird. This species shows marked sexual dimorphism; the male is much larger than the female (the reeve), and has a breeding plumage that includes brightly coloured head tufts, bare orange facial skin, extensive black on the breast, and the large collar of ornamental feathers that inspired this bird's English name.


Context:
what is a ruff?
Medium-sized wading bird.

Question: where is it found?

Answer: Marshes and wet meadows across northern Eurasia.

Ruff (bird) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: Marshes and wet meadows across northern Eurasia.

Question: what does it eat?

Answer: Beetles, flies, crustaceans, spiders, etc.

Explanation: During the breeding season, the ruff’s diet consists almost exclusively of the adults and larva of terrestrial and aquatic insects such as beetles and flies. On migration and during the winter, the ruff eats insects (including caddis flies, water-beetles, mayflies and grasshoppers), crustaceans, spiders, molluscs, worms, frogs, small fish, and also the seeds of rice and other cereals, sedges, grasses and aquatic plants.

Ruff (bird) [SEP] Feeding

On migration and during the winter, the ruff eats insects (including caddis flies, water-beetles, mayflies and grasshoppers), crustaceans, spiders, molluscs, worms, frogs, small fish, and also the seeds of rice and other cereals, sedges, grasses and aquatic plants. Migrating birds in Italy varied their diet according to what was available at each stopover site. Green aquatic plant material, spilt rice and maize, flies and beetles were found, along with varying amounts of grit. On the main wintering grounds in West Africa, rice is a favoured food during the later part of the season as the ricefields dry out. Just before migration, the ruff increases its body mass at a rate of about 1% a day, much slower than the bar-tailed godwits breeding in Alaska, which fatten at four times that rate.


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Beetles, flies, crustaceans, spiders, etc.

Question: do they have a relationship with humans?

Answer: Yes, formerly trapped for food in England.

Ruff (bird) [SEP] Relationship with humans

Ruffs were formerly trapped for food in England in large numbers; on one occasion, 2,400 were served at Archbishop Neville's enthronement banquet in 1465. The birds were netted while lekking, sometimes being fattened with bread, milk and seed in holding pens before preparation for the table. ...if expedition is required, sugar is added, which will make them in a fortnight's time a lump of fat: they then sell for two Shillings or half-a-crown a piece… The method of killing them is by cutting off their head with a pair of scissars, the quantity of blood that issues is very great, considering the size of the bird.


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: do they have a relationship with humans?

Context: Yes, formerly trapped for food in England.

Question: are there any efforts being made to conserve them?

Answer: No, classified as "least concern".

Explanation: The species as a whole is therefore not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (that is, declining more than 30 percent in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the ruff is classified as "least concern".

Ruff (bird) [SEP] Conservation status

Fossils from the Pleistocene suggest that this species bred further south in Europe in the cool periods between glaciations than it does now. Its sensitivity to changing climate as well as to water table levels and the speed of vegetation growth has led to suggestions that its range is affected by global warming, and the ruff might act as an indicator species for monitoring climate change. Potential threats to this species may also include outbreaks of diseases to which it is susceptible such as influenza, botulism and avian malaria.


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: are there any efforts being made to conserve them?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Question: what do you mean classified as "least concern"? is there a list for this?

Answer: It didn't approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List.

Ruff (bird) [SEP] Conservation status


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Context: what do you mean classified as "least concern"? is there a list for this?

Context: It didn't approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List.

Question: what does iucn stand for?

Answer: International Union for Conservation of Nature

IUCN Red List [SEP] Introduction

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. A series of Regional Red Lists are produced by countries or organizations, which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit.


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Context: what does iucn stand for?

Question: when was it established?

Answer: 5 October 1948

Explanation: IUCN was established on 5 October 1948,

International Union for Conservation of Nature [SEP] Establishment

IUCN was established on 5 October 1948, in Fontainebleau, France, when representatives of governments and conservation organizations spurred by UNESCO signed a formal act constituting the International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN). The initiative to set up the new organisation came from UNESCO and especially from its first Director General, the British biologist Julian Huxley. At the time of its founding IUPN was the only international organisation focusing on the entire spectrum of nature conservation (an international organisation for the protection of birds, now BirdLife International, had been established in 1922.)


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Context: what does iucn stand for?

Context: when was it established?

Context: 5 October 1948

Question: who are their members?

Answer: States, government agencies, international NGOs, etc.,

Explanation: IUCN Members are states (making IUCN a supranational GONGO), government agencies, international nongovernmental organizations, national nongovernmental organizations, and indigenous peoples’ organisations.

International Union for Conservation of Nature [SEP] Members

IUCN Members are states (making IUCN a supranational GONGO), government agencies, international nongovernmental organizations, national nongovernmental organizations, and indigenous peoples' organisations. In 2017, IUCN had 1400 members. The members can organize themselves in national or regional committees to promote cooperation. In 2016, there were 62 national committees and 7 regional committees.


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Context: what does iucn stand for?

Context: when was it established?

Context: 5 October 1948

Context: who are their members?

Context: States, government agencies, international NGOs, etc.,

Question: who is the secretariat?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Context: what does iucn stand for?

Context: when was it established?

Context: 5 October 1948

Context: who are their members?

Context: who is the secretariat?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who provides their funding?

Answer: Official Development Assistance budgets of bilateral and multilateral agencies.

International Union for Conservation of Nature [SEP] Funding

IUCN's total income in 2012 was 114 million CHF, equaling approximately 95 million Euro or 116 million US dollar. IUCN's funding mainly comes from Official Development Assistance budgets of bilateral and multilateral agencies. This represented 61% of its income in 2012. Additional sources of income are the membership fees, as well as grants and project funding from foundations, institutions and corporations.


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Context: what does iucn stand for?

Context: when was it established?

Context: 5 October 1948

Context: who are their members?

Context: who is the secretariat?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who provides their funding?

Context: Official Development Assistance budgets of bilateral and multilateral agencies.

Question: what views do critics have?

Answer: Put the needs of nature above those of humans, disregarding economic considerations and the interests of indigenous peoples and other traditional users of the land.

Explanation:
It has been claimed that IUCN put the needs of nature above those of humans, disregarding economic considerations and the interests of indigenous peoples and other traditional users of the land. Until the 1980s IUCN favored the "Yellowstone Model’ of conservation which called for the removal of humans from protected areas. The expulsion of the Maasai people from Serengeti National Park and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area is perhaps the best known example of this approach.

This is linked to another criticism that has been directed at IUCN, namely that throughout its history it has mainly been ‘Northern focused’, i.e. had a West-European or North-American perspective on global conservation.

International Union for Conservation of Nature [SEP] Criticism

It has been claimed that IUCN put the needs of nature above those of humans, disregarding economic considerations and the interests of indigenous peoples and other traditional users of the land. Until the 1980s IUCN favored the "Yellowstone Model' of conservation which called for the removal of humans from protected areas. The expulsion of the Maasai people from Serengeti National Park and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area is perhaps the best known example of this approach. This is linked to another criticism that has been directed at IUCN, namely that throughout its history it has mainly been ‘Northern focused', i.e. had a West-European or North-American perspective on global conservation.


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Context: what does iucn stand for?

Context: when was it established?

Context: 5 October 1948

Context: who are their members?

Context: who is the secretariat?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who provides their funding?

Context: what views do critics have?

Context: Put the needs of nature above those of humans, disregarding economic considerations and the interests of indigenous peoples and other traditional users of the land.

Question: do they have any publications?

Answer: Yes

International Union for Conservation of Nature [SEP] Publications

IUCN has a wide range of publications, reports, guidelines and databases related to conservation and sustainable development. It publishes or co-authors more than 100 books and major assessments every year, along with hundreds of reports, documents and guidelines. In 2015, 76 IUCN articles were published in peer reviewed scientific journals. A report, released at the IUCN World Parks Congress in Sydney on 12 November 2014 showed that the 209,000 conservation reserves around the world now cover 15.4 per cent of the total land area. This is a step towards protecting 17 percent of land and 10 percent of ocean environments on Earth by 2020 since an agreement between the world's nations at the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Japan in 2010.


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Context: what does iucn stand for?

Context: when was it established?

Context: 5 October 1948

Context: who are their members?

Context: who is the secretariat?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who provides their funding?

Context: what views do critics have?

Context: do they have any publications?

Context: Yes

Question: can you please tell me which species are nearly extinct as per the list?

Answer: Spix's macaw

IUCN Red List [SEP] Possibly extinct

The tag of "possibly extinct" (PE) is used by Birdlife International, the Red List Authority for birds for the IUCN Red List. BirdLife International has recommended PE become an official tag for Critically Endangered species, and this has now been adopted, along with a "Possibly Extinct in the Wild" tag for species with populations surviving in captivity but likely to be extinct in the wild (e.g. Spix's macaw).


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Context: what does iucn stand for?

Context: when was it established?

Context: 5 October 1948

Context: who are their members?

Context: who is the secretariat?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who provides their funding?

Context: what views do critics have?

Context: do they have any publications?

Context: Yes

Context: can you please tell me which species are nearly extinct as per the list?

Context: Spix's macaw

Question: what animal is this?

Answer: A macaw native to Brazil.

Spix's macaw [SEP] Introduction

Spix's macaw ("Cyanopsitta spixii"), also known as the little blue macaw, was a macaw native to Brazil. It is a member of tribe Arini in the subfamily Arinae (Neotropical parrots), part of the family Psittacidae (the true parrots). It was first described by German naturalist Georg Marcgrave, when he was working in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil in 1638 and it is named for German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix, who collected a specimen in 1819 on the bank of the Rio São Francisco in northeast Bahia in Brazil. The bird is a medium-size parrot weighing about , smaller than most of the large macaws.


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Context: what does iucn stand for?

Context: when was it established?

Context: 5 October 1948

Context: who are their members?

Context: who is the secretariat?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who provides their funding?

Context: what views do critics have?

Context: do they have any publications?

Context: Yes

Context: Spix's macaw

Context: what animal is this?

Context: A macaw native to Brazil.

Question: what do they eat?

Answer: Joazeiro, Baraúna, Imburana, etc.

Spix's macaw [SEP] Diet

In the wild, the most common seeds and nuts consumed by Spix's were from Pinhão ("Jatropha pohliana" var. "mollissima") and Favela ("Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus"). However these trees are colonizers, not native to the bird's habitat, so they could not have been historical staples of the diet. Its diet also included seeds and nuts from Joazeiro ("Ziziphus Joazeiro"), Baraúna ("Schinopsis brasiliensis"), Imburana ("Commiphora leptophloeos" or "Bursera leptophloeos"), Facheiro ("Pilosocereus piauhyensis)", "Phoradendron" species, Caraibeira ("Tabebuia caraiba"), Angico ("Anadenanthera macrocarpa"), Umbu ("Spondias tuberosa") and Unha-de-gato ("Acacia paniculata"). Reports from previous Spix's macaw researchers seem to add another two plants to the list: "Maytenus rigida" and "Geoffroea spinosa".


Context: what is a ruff?

Context: Medium-sized wading bird.

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: No, classified as "least concern".

Context: what does iucn stand for?

Context: when was it established?

Context: 5 October 1948

Context: who are their members?

Context: who is the secretariat?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who provides their funding?

Context: what views do critics have?

Context: do they have any publications?

Context: Yes

Context: Spix's macaw

Context: what animal is this?

Context: A macaw native to Brazil.

Context: what do they eat?

Context: Joazeiro, Baraúna, Imburana, etc.

Question: how do they reproduce?

Answer: In wild, mating involves elaborate courtship rituals, like feeding each other and flying together.

Explanation: Captive bred Spix's macaws reach sexual maturity at seven years of age. A paired female born at the Loro Parque Fundación laid eggs at the age of five years, but these were infertile. It is suspected that late maturity in captivity may be due to inbreeding or other artificial environmental factors, as other parrots of similar size reach sexual maturity in two to four years. In the wild, mating involves elaborate courtship rituals, like feeding each other and flying together. This process is known to possibly take several seasons in other large parrots, and it may also be the case for the Spix's.

Spix's macaw [SEP] Reproduction


Question: who drove the deuce coupe in american graffiti

Answer: John Milner

American Graffiti [SEP] Legacy

In 1997 the city of Modesto, California, honored Lucas with a statue dedication of "American Graffiti" at George Lucas Plaza. Director David Fincher credited "American Graffiti" as a visual influence for "Fight Club" (1999). Lucas's "" (2002) features references to the film. The yellow airspeeder that Anakin Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi use to pursue the bounty hunter, Zam Wesell, is based on John Milner's yellow deuce coupe, while Dex's Diner is reminiscent of Mel's Drive-In. Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman conducted the "rear axle" experiment on the January 11, 2004, episode of "MythBusters".


Context: who drove the deuce coupe in american graffiti

Context: John Milner

Question: what is it?

Answer: American Graffiti is an American coming-of-age comedy film

American Graffiti [SEP] Introduction

American Graffiti is a 1973 American coming-of-age comedy film directed and co-written by George Lucas starring Richard Dreyfuss, Ron Howard, Paul Le Mat, Harrison Ford, Charles Martin Smith, Cindy Williams, Candy Clark, Mackenzie Phillips, Bo Hopkins, and Wolfman Jack. Suzanne Somers, Kathleen Quinlan, Debralee Scott, and Joe Spano also appear in the film. Set in Modesto, California, in 1962, the film is a study of the cruising and early rock 'n' roll cultures popular among Lucas's age group at the time. Through a series of vignettes, the film tells the story of a group of teenagers and their adventures over the course of a single night.


Context: John Milner

Context: what is it?

Context: American Graffiti is an American coming-of-age comedy film

Question: what is its storyline?

Answer: Recent high school graduates and longtime friends Curt Henderson and Steve Bolander meet two other friends, John Milner, the drag-racing king of the town, and Terry "The Toad" Fields, in the parking lot of the local Mel's Drive-In in Modesto, California. Curt and Steve are scheduled to travel "Back East" the following morning to start college

American Graffiti [SEP] Plot

On their last evening of summer vacation in September 1962, recent high school graduates and longtime friends Curt Henderson and Steve Bolander meet two other friends, John Milner, the drag-racing king of the town, and Terry "The Toad" Fields, in the parking lot of the local Mel's Drive-In in Modesto, California. Curt and Steve are scheduled to travel "Back East" the following morning to start college. Despite receiving a $2,000 scholarship from the local Moose Lodge, Curt has second thoughts about leaving Modesto. Steve gives Terry his 1958 Chevrolet Impala to care for until he returns at Christmas. Steve's girlfriend, Laurie, who is also Curt's sister, arrives in her 1958 Ford Edsel.


Context: John Milner

Context: what is it?

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: Recent high school graduates and longtime friends Curt Henderson and Steve Bolander meet two other friends, John Milner, the drag-racing king of the town, and Terry "The Toad" Fields, in the parking lot of the local Mel's Drive-In in Modesto, California. Curt and Steve are scheduled to travel "Back East" the following morning to start college

Question: was this movie inspired from any event?

Answer: George Lucas embraced the idea, using his early 1960s teenage experiences cruising in Modesto, California.

American Graffiti [SEP] Inspiration

During the production of "THX 1138" (1971), producer Francis Ford Coppola challenged co-writer/director George Lucas to write a script that would appeal to mainstream audiences. Lucas embraced the idea, using his early 1960s teenage experiences cruising in Modesto, California. "Cruising was gone, and I felt compelled to document the whole experience and what my generation used as a way of meeting girls," Lucas explained. As he developed the story in his mind, Lucas included his fascination with Wolfman Jack. Lucas had considered doing a documentary about the Wolfman when he attended the USC School of Cinematic Arts, but he ultimately dropped the idea.


Context: John Milner

Context: what is it?

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: was this movie inspired from any event?

Context: George Lucas embraced the idea, using his early 1960s teenage experiences cruising in Modesto, California.

Question: who produced the film?

Answer: Francis Ford Coppola

Explanation: During the production of "THX 1138" (1971), producer Francis Ford Coppola challenged co-writer/director George Lucas to write a script that would appeal to mainstream audiences.

American Graffiti [SEP] Inspiration


Context: John Milner

Context: what is it?

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: was this movie inspired from any event?

Context: who produced the film?

Context: Francis Ford Coppola

Question: what connection does universal pictures have with it?

Answer: They financed the movie

American Graffiti [SEP] Universal Pictures

Universal initially projected a $600,000 budget, but added an additional $175,000 once producer Francis Ford Coppola signed on. This would allow the studio to advertise American Graffiti as "from the man who gave you "The Godfather" (1972)". The proposition also gave Universal first-look deals on Lucas' next two planned projects, "Star Wars" and "Radioland Murders". As he continued to work on the script, Lucas encountered difficulties on the Steve and Laurie storyline. Lucas, Katz, and Huyck worked on the third draft together, specifically on the scenes featuring Steve and Laurie.


Context: John Milner

Context: what is it?

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: was this movie inspired from any event?

Context: who produced the film?

Context: Francis Ford Coppola

Context: what connection does universal pictures have with it?

Context: They financed the movie

Question: where was the producer coppola born?

Answer: Detroit, Michigan

Explanation: Coppola was born in Detroit, Michigan

Francis Ford Coppola [SEP] Early life

Coppola was born in Detroit, Michigan, to father Carmine Coppola (1910–1991), a flautist with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, and mother Italia Coppola (née Pennino; 1912–2004). Coppola is the middle of three children: his older brother was August Coppola, his younger sister is actress Talia Shire. Born into a family of Italian immigrant ancestry, his paternal grandparents came to the United States from Bernalda, Basilicata. His maternal grandfather, popular Italian composer Francesco Pennino, emigrated from Naples, Italy. Coppola received his middle name in honor of Henry Ford, not only because he was born in the Henry Ford Hospital but also because of his father's association with the automobile manufacturer.


Context: John Milner

Context: what is it?

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: was this movie inspired from any event?

Context: who produced the film?

Context: Francis Ford Coppola

Context: They financed the movie

Context: where was the producer coppola born?

Context: Detroit, Michigan

Question: what is the name of his production company?

Answer: American Zoetrope

Francis Ford Coppola [SEP] Zoetrope Virtual Studio

His company American Zoetrope also administers the Zoetrope Virtual Studio, a complete motion picture production studio for members only. Launched in June 2000, the culmination of more than four years work, it brings together departments for screenwriters, directors, producers and other filmmaker artists, plus new departments for other creative endeavors. Filmmaker members can workshop a wide range of film arts, including music, graphics, design and film and video.


Context: John Milner

Context: what is it?

Context: what is its storyline?

Context: was this movie inspired from any event?

Context: who produced the film?

Context: Francis Ford Coppola

Context: They financed the movie

Context: where was the producer coppola born?

Context: Detroit, Michigan

Context: what is the name of his production company?

Context: American Zoetrope

Question: what are his other businesses?

Answer: He is also the owner of Francis Ford Coppola Presents, a lifestyle brand under which he markets goods from companies he owns or controls.

Explanation: Coppola is also the owner of Francis Ford Coppola Presents, a lifestyle brand under which he markets goods from companies he owns or controls. It includes films and videos, resorts, cafes, a literary magazine, a line of pastas and pasta sauces called Mammarella Foods and a winery.

Francis Ford Coppola [SEP] Francis Ford Coppola Presents


Question: where was indian flag hoisted on 15 august 1947

Answer: At the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi

Independence Day (India) [SEP] Introduction

India attained independence following the Independence Movement noted for largely non-violent resistance and civil disobedience. Independence coincided with the partition of India, in which British India was divided along religious lines into the Dominions of India and Pakistan; the partition was accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties, and the displacement of nearly 15 million people due to religious violence. On 15 August 1947, the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru raised the Indian national flag above the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi. On each subsequent Independence Day, the incumbent Prime Minister customarily raises the flag and gives an address to the nation.


Context: where was indian flag hoisted on 15 august 1947

Context: At the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi

Question: how is this day celebrated?

Answer: On the eve of Independence Day, the President of India delivers the "Address to the Nation",  the Prime Minister hoists the Indian flag on the ramparts of the historical site of Red Fort in Delhi, twenty-one gun shots are fired in honour of the solemn occasion

Independence Day (India) [SEP] Celebration

Independence Day, one of the three National holidays in India (the other two being the Republic Day on 26 January and Mahatma Gandhi's birthday on 2 October), is observed in all Indian states and union territories. On the eve of Independence Day, the President of India delivers the "Address to the Nation". On 15 August, the Prime Minister hoists the Indian flag on the ramparts of the historical site of Red Fort in Delhi. Twenty-one gun shots are fired in honour of the solemn occasion. In his speech, the Prime Minister highlights the past year's achievements, raises important issues and calls for further development.


Context: how is this day celebrated?

Context: On the eve of Independence Day, the President of India delivers the "Address to the Nation",  the Prime Minister hoists the Indian flag on the ramparts of the historical site of Red Fort in Delhi, twenty-one gun shots are fired in honour of the solemn occasion

Question: how did the above mentioned fort get its name?

Answer: Its English name "red fort" is a translation of the Hindustani लाल क़िला, deriving from its red-sandstone walls

Red Fort [SEP] Etymology

Its English name "red fort" is a translation of the Hindustani (Hindi: लाल क़िला, Urdu: لال قلعہ) , deriving from its red-sandstone walls. , Lal was derived from Hindustani language meaning "Red" and Qalàh derived from Persian word meaning "Fortress". As the residence of the imperial family, the fort was originally known as the "Blessed Fort" (). Agra Fort is also known as .


Context: how is this day celebrated?

Context: how did the above mentioned fort get its name?

Context: Its English name "red fort" is a translation of the Hindustani लाल क़िला, deriving from its red-sandstone walls

Question: who built it?

Answer: Architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori, under  Emperor Shah Jahan

Red Fort [SEP] Introduction

The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors. Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned construction of the Red Fort on 12 May 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Originally red and white, its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori, who also constructed the Taj Mahal. It was constructed between May 1639 and April 1648. On 15 August 1947, the first prime minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, raised the Indian national flag above the Lahori Gate.


Context: how is this day celebrated?

Context: who built it?

Context: Architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori, under  Emperor Shah Jahan

Question: who is the current pm of india?

Answer: Narendra Modi

Explanation: In the general election of 2014, the BJP-led NDA got an absolute majority, winning 336 out of 543 Lok Sabha seats; the BJP itself became the first party since 1984 to get a majority in the Lok Sabha. Narendra Modi—the Chief Minister of Gujarat—was elected prime minister, becoming the first prime minister to have been born in an independent India.

Prime Minister of India [SEP] 2000–present

Further, the government strengthened India's relations with nations like Afghanistan; Russia; the Gulf states; and the United States, culminating with the ratification of India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement near the end of Singh's first term. At the same time, the November 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks also happened during Singh's first term in office. In the general election of 2009, the mandate of UPA increased. Prime Minister Singh's second term, however, was surrounded by accusations of high-level scandals and corruption. Singh resigned as prime minister on 17 May 2014, after Congress' defeat in the 2014 general election. In the general election of 2014, the BJP-led NDA got an absolute majority, winning 336 out of 543 Lok Sabha seats; the BJP itself became the first party since 1984 to get a majority in the Lok Sabha.


Context: how is this day celebrated?

Context: who built it?

Context: who is the current pm of india?

Context: Narendra Modi

Question: where did he complete his schooling?

Answer: He  completed his higher secondary education in Vadnagar

Narendra Modi [SEP] Early life and education

Modi completed his higher secondary education in Vadnagar in 1967, where a teacher described him as an average student and a keen debater, with interest in theatre. Modi had an early gift for rhetoric in debates, and his teachers and students noted this. Modi preferred playing larger-than-life characters in theatrical productions, which has influenced his political image. When eight years old, Modi discovered the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and began attending its local "shakhas" (training sessions). There, Modi met Lakshmanrao Inamdar, popularly known as Vakil Saheb, who inducted him as a "balswayamsevak" (junior cadet) in the RSS and became his political mentor.


Context: how is this day celebrated?

Context: who built it?

Context: who is the current pm of india?

Context: Narendra Modi

Context: where did he complete his schooling?

Context: He  completed his higher secondary education in Vadnagar

Question: was he involved in any riots?

Answer: Modi's personal involvement in the 2002 events has continued to be debated. During the riots, Modi said that "What is happening is a chain of action and reaction."

Narendra Modi [SEP] 2002 Gujarat riots

Modi's personal involvement in the 2002 events has continued to be debated. During the riots, Modi said that "What is happening is a chain of action and reaction." Later in 2002, Modi said the way in which he had handled the media was his only regret regarding the episode. In March 2008, the Supreme Court reopened several cases related to the 2002 riots, including that of the Gulbarg Society massacre, and established a Special Investigation Team (SIT) to look into the issue. In response to a petition from Zakia Jafri (widow of Ehsan Jafri, who was killed in the Gulbarg Society massacre), in April 2009 the court also asked the SIT to investigate the issue of Modi's complicity in the killings.


Context: how is this day celebrated?

Context: who built it?

Context: who is the current pm of india?

Context: Narendra Modi

Context: where did he complete his schooling?

Context: was he involved in any riots?

Context: Modi's personal involvement in the 2002 events has continued to be debated. During the riots, Modi said that "What is happening is a chain of action and reaction."

Question: what was this event you mentioned?

Answer: On 27 February 2002, a train with several hundred passengers burned near Godhra, killing approximately 60 people, the  train carried a large number of Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya after a religious ceremony at the site of the demolished Babri Masjid

Narendra Modi [SEP] 2002 Gujarat riots

On 27 February 2002, a train with several hundred passengers burned near Godhra, killing approximately 60 people. The train carried a large number of Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya after a religious ceremony at the site of the demolished Babri Masjid. In making a public statement after the incident, Modi declared it a terrorist attack planned and orchestrated by local Muslims. The next day, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad called for a "bandh" across the state. Riots began during the "bandh", and anti-Muslim violence spread through Gujarat. The government's decision to move the bodies of the train victims from Godhra to Ahmedabad further inflamed the violence.


Context: how is this day celebrated?

Context: who built it?

Context: who is the current pm of india?

Context: Narendra Modi

Context: where did he complete his schooling?

Context: was he involved in any riots?

Context: what was this event you mentioned?

Context: On 27 February 2002, a train with several hundred passengers burned near Godhra, killing approximately 60 people, the  train carried a large number of Hindu pilgrims returning from Ayodhya after a religious ceremony at the site of the demolished Babri Masjid

Question: whom was the above mentioned emperor married to?

Answer: Shah Jahan first married Princess Kandahari Begum

Shah Jahan [SEP] Marriages

Her aunt was the Empress Nur Jahan and is thought to have played matchmaker in arranging the marriage. The prince would have to wait five years before he was married in 1612 (1021 AH), on a date selected by the court astrologers as most conducive to ensuring a happy marriage. This was an unusually long engagement for the time. However, Shah Jahan first married Princess Kandahari Begum, the daughter of a great-grandson of Shah Ismail I of Persia with whom he had a daughter, his first child. Politically speaking, the betrothal allowed Khurram to be considered as having officially entered manhood, and he was granted several jagir, including Hissar-Feroze and ennobled to a military rank of 8,000, which allowed him to take on official functions of the state, an important step in establishing his own claim to the throne.


Context: how is this day celebrated?

Context: who built it?

Context: who is the current pm of india?

Context: Narendra Modi

Context: where did he complete his schooling?

Context: was he involved in any riots?

Context: what was this event you mentioned?

Context: whom was the above mentioned emperor married to?

Question: did they have children?

Answer: Yes,  a daughter

Explanation: Shah Jahan first married Princess Kandahari Begum, the daughter of a great-grandson of Shah Ismail I of Persia with whom he had a daughter, his first child.

Shah Jahan [SEP] Marriages


Context: how is this day celebrated?

Context: who built it?

Context: who is the current pm of india?

Context: Narendra Modi

Context: where did he complete his schooling?

Context: was he involved in any riots?

Context: what was this event you mentioned?

Context: did they have children?

Context: Yes,  a daughter

Question: did the above mentioned country undergo any segregation post independence?

Answer: On 14 August 1947, the Independence Day of Pakistan, the new Dominion of Pakistan came into being; Muhammad Ali Jinnah was sworn in as its first Governor General in Karachi

Independence Day (India) [SEP] Partition and independence

Millions of Muslim, Sikh and Hindu refugees trekked the newly drawn borders in the months surrounding independence. In Punjab, where the borders divided the Sikh regions in halves, massive bloodshed followed; in Bengal and Bihar, where Mahatma Gandhi's presence assuaged communal tempers, the violence was mitigated. In all, between 250,000 and 1,000,000 people on both sides of the new borders died in the violence. While the entire nation was celebrating the Independence Day, Gandhi stayed in Calcutta in an attempt to stem the carnage. On 14 August 1947, the Independence Day of Pakistan, the new Dominion of Pakistan came into being; Muhammad Ali Jinnah was sworn in as its first Governor General in Karachi.


Question: who won a best director oscar for the 2012 film life of pi

Answer: Ang Lee

Explanation: Ang Lee

Ang Lee [SEP] Introduction

Ang Lee (; born 23 October 1954) is a Taiwanese American film director, producer, and screenwriter. Born in the Pingtung County of southern Taiwan, Lee was educated in Taiwan and later in the United States. During his filmmaking career he has received international critical and popular acclaim and a range of accolades. Lee's early successes included "Pushing Hands" (1991), "The Wedding Banquet" (1993), and "Eat Drink Man Woman" (1994), which explored the relationships and conflicts between tradition and modernity, Eastern and Western; the three films are informally known as the ""Father Knows Best"" trilogy. The films were critically successful both in his native Taiwan and internationally.


Context: who won a best director oscar for the 2012 film life of pi

Context: Ang Lee

Question: what is the movie about?

Answer: The storyline revolves around an Indian man named "Pi" Patel, telling a novelist about his life story, and how at 16 he survives a shipwreck and is adrift in the Pacific Ocean on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger.

Life of Pi (film) [SEP] Introduction

Life of Pi is a 2012 adventure drama film based on Yann Martel's 2001 novel of the same name. Directed by Ang Lee, and written by David Magee, the film stars Suraj Sharma, Irrfan Khan, Rafe Spall, Tabu, Adil Hussain, and Gérard Depardieu. The storyline revolves around an Indian man named "Pi" Patel, telling a novelist about his life story, and how at 16 he survives a shipwreck and is adrift in the Pacific Ocean on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger. The film began development shortly after the release of the book, and would see directors M. Night Shyamalan, Alfonso Cuarón and Jean-Pierre Jeunet involved at various stages before the hiring of Lee.


Context: Ang Lee

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: The storyline revolves around an Indian man named "Pi" Patel, telling a novelist about his life story, and how at 16 he survives a shipwreck and is adrift in the Pacific Ocean on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger.

Question: when was it released?

Answer: September 28, 2012

Life of Pi (film) [SEP] Introduction

Filming was split between India, Taiwan and Montreal in 2011, with Rhythm & Hues Studios (R&H) handling the visual effects work. The film had its worldwide premiere as the opening film of the 50th New York Film Festival at both the Walter Reade Theater and Alice Tully Hall in New York City on September 28, 2012. "Life of Pi" emerged as a critical and commercial success, earning over US$609 million worldwide. It was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, including Best Picture – Drama and Best Director, and won for Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. At the 85th Academy Awards it had eleven nominations, including Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay, and won four (the most for the show) including Best Director for Ang Lee.


Context: Ang Lee

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: when was it released?

Context: September 28, 2012

Question: where was the lead character from in the movie?

Answer: Pondicherry

Explanation: Pondicherry

Life of Pi (film) [SEP] Plot

In Canada, a young writer meets Pi Patel. The writer has been told that Pi's life story would be a good subject for a book. Pi tells the writer the following story about his life: Pi's father names him Piscine Molitor Patel after the swimming pool in France. In secondary school in Pondicherry, he adopts the name "Pi" (the Greek letter, ) to avoid the sound-alike nickname "Pissing Patel". He is raised in a Hindu family, but at 12 years old, is introduced to Christianity and then Islam, and decides to follow all three religions as he "just wants to love God".


Context: Ang Lee

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: when was it released?

Context: September 28, 2012

Context: where was the lead character from in the movie?

Context: Pondicherry

Question: who is the actor?

Answer: Suraj Sharma,  Irrfan Khan

Explanation: Suraj Sharma, Irrfan Khan

Life of Pi (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: Ang Lee

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: when was it released?

Context: September 28, 2012

Context: Pondicherry

Context: who is the actor?

Context: Suraj Sharma,  Irrfan Khan

Question: where is khan from?

Answer: Rajasthan

Explanation: Rajasthan

Irrfan Khan [SEP] Early life and education

Khan was born in Rajasthan into a Muslim family of Pathan (Pashtun) ancestry. Khan's mother, Saeeda Begum Khan was from Tonk, and his father, Yaseen Ali Khan, was from the Khajuriya village in Rajasthan's Tonk district, and they ran a tyre business. He spent his childhood in Tonk, and then Jaipur. Irrfan was good at cricket and was selected to play in the CK Nayudu Trophy for emerging players in the under-23 category, a tournament seen as a stepping stone to first-class cricket in India. However, he did not attend as he could not afford travel expenses. He showed interest in acting under the influence of his maternal uncle who himself was a theatre artist in Jodhpur.


Context: Ang Lee

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: when was it released?

Context: September 28, 2012

Context: Pondicherry

Context: who is the actor?

Context: Suraj Sharma,  Irrfan Khan

Context: where is khan from?

Context: Rajasthan

Question: where did he study?

Answer: National School of Drama

Explanation: National School of Drama

In Jaipur, Khan was introduced to noted theatre artists and did several stage performances in the city. Khan completed his MA in Jaipur before joining the National School of Drama (NSD) in New Delhi in 1984 to study acting. In his early days in Mumbai, he took up a job as an air conditioner repairman and visited the home of his acting inspiration, Rajesh Khanna, in 1984. Later in an interview Irfan stated, "The kind of craze witnessed by Rajesh Khanna has not been duplicated by anyone. He was the biggest and the most real star Bollywood has produced. I'd say stardom is that feeling of being possessed by your idol; you are so overwhelmed with euphoria you lose touch with reality."


Context: Ang Lee

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: when was it released?

Context: September 28, 2012

Context: Pondicherry

Context: who is the actor?

Context: Suraj Sharma,  Irrfan Khan

Context: where is khan from?

Context: Rajasthan

Context: where did he study?

Context: National School of Drama

Question: when did he start his acting career?

Answer: Soon after his graduation from NSD in 1987, Khan made his debut with Mira Nair's "Salaam Bombay!" where he was offered a minor role.

Irrfan Khan [SEP] Beginnings, and TV actor (1987–2001)

Soon after his graduation from NSD in 1987, Khan made his debut with Mira Nair's "Salaam Bombay!" where he was offered a minor role. However, his scenes were reduced in the final cut. He played Lenin in a teleplay on Doordarshan titled "Laal Ghaas Par Neele Ghode", based on a translation by Uday Prakash of a Russian play by Mikhail Shatrov. He was then cast as a psycho killer, the main antagonist of the show, in the serial "Darr". He also played the famous revolutionary, Urdu poet and Marxist political activist of India, Makhdoom Mohiuddin, in "Kahkashan", produced by Ali Sardar Jafri.


Context: Ang Lee

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: when was it released?

Context: September 28, 2012

Context: Pondicherry

Context: who is the actor?

Context: Suraj Sharma,  Irrfan Khan

Context: where is khan from?

Context: Rajasthan

Context: where did he study?

Context: National School of Drama

Context: when did he start his acting career?

Context: Soon after his graduation from NSD in 1987, Khan made his debut with Mira Nair's "Salaam Bombay!" where he was offered a minor role.

Question: what was the above movie about?

Answer: The film depicts the daily lives of children living in slums in Bombay (now Mumbai), India's largest city, as well as organized crime scenes in India.

Salaam Bombay! [SEP] Introduction

Salaam Bombay! is a 1988 Indian Hindi-language crime drama film, directed, co-written and co-produced by Mira Nair. The screenwriter was Nair's creative collaborator Sooni Taraporevala. This was the first feature film directed by Nair. The film depicts the daily lives of children living in slums in Bombay (now Mumbai), India's largest city, as well as organized crime scenes in India. It stars Shafiq Syed, Raghuvir Yadav, Anita Kanwar, Nana Patekar, Hansa Vithal, Chanda Sharma in the lead roles. Nair's inspiration for the film came from the spirit of Bombay's street children and how they lived. Production began in early 1988, and the film was co-financed by the National Film Development Corporation of India.


Context: Ang Lee

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: when was it released?

Context: September 28, 2012

Context: Pondicherry

Context: who is the actor?

Context: Suraj Sharma,  Irrfan Khan

Context: where is khan from?

Context: Rajasthan

Context: where did he study?

Context: National School of Drama

Context: when did he start his acting career?

Context: what was the above movie about?

Context: The film depicts the daily lives of children living in slums in Bombay (now Mumbai), India's largest city, as well as organized crime scenes in India.

Question: was it screened before before its official release?

Answer: Yes,  Before commercial release, the film premiered at the Directors' Fortnight at the Cannes Film Festival

Salaam Bombay! [SEP] Initial screening

Before commercial release, the film premiered at the Directors' Fortnight at the Cannes Film Festival in May 1988. It was later screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on 13 September in 1988.


Context: Ang Lee

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: when was it released?

Context: September 28, 2012

Context: Pondicherry

Context: who is the actor?

Context: Suraj Sharma,  Irrfan Khan

Context: where is khan from?

Context: Rajasthan

Context: where did he study?

Context: National School of Drama

Context: when did he start his acting career?

Context: what was the above movie about?

Context: was it screened before before its official release?

Context: Yes,  Before commercial release, the film premiered at the Directors' Fortnight at the Cannes Film Festival

Question: how did the critics respond to the movie?

Answer: It  mainly received positive reviews from critics, viewers and film connoisseurs, who commented on the cultural, historical and social impact of the film. On the film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 93% based on 29 reviews, with a rating average of 7.61/10.

Salaam Bombay! [SEP] Critical reception

"Salaam Bombay!" mainly received positive reviews from critics, viewers and film connoisseurs, who commented on the cultural, historical and social impact of the film. On the film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 93% based on 29 reviews, with a rating average of 7.61/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Salaam Bombay!" life in a part of the world that many viewers never saw - but with enough compassion and grace to make it happen." At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating to reviews, the film has a score of 8 based on 4 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


Context: Ang Lee

Context: what is the movie about?

Context: when was it released?

Context: September 28, 2012

Context: Pondicherry

Context: who is the actor?

Context: Suraj Sharma,  Irrfan Khan

Context: where is khan from?

Context: Rajasthan

Context: where did he study?

Context: National School of Drama

Context: when did he start his acting career?

Context: what was the above movie about?

Context: how did the critics respond to the movie?

Context: It  mainly received positive reviews from critics, viewers and film connoisseurs, who commented on the cultural, historical and social impact of the film. On the film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 93% based on 29 reviews, with a rating average of 7.61/10.

Question: was there an album of its soundtracks released?

Answer: It  was released on cassette and CD versions in 1986 from DRG Music Publishing.

Salaam Bombay! [SEP] Music and soundtrack

"Salaam Bombay!: Music from the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack", of the film was composed, performed and directed by L. Subramaniam, which was released on cassette and CD versions in 1986 from DRG Music Publishing. The song "Mera Naam Chin Chin Choo" written by Qamar Jalalabadi, composed by O. P. Nayyar and sung by Geeta Dutt for the 1958 film "Howrah Bridge" included in the film soundtrack. Also in a scene at the movie theatre, Sridevi's dance to the song "Hawa Hawaii" sung by Kavita Krishnamurti from the 1987 film "Mr. India" was performed.