Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: "Rolling Stone" wrote that, at 43, Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies".

Question: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Answer: Yes, in 2013, choreographer Wade Robson filed a lawsuit alleging that Jackson had sexually abused him for seven years, beginning when he was seven years old.

Michael Jackson [SEP] "Leaving Neverland" and posthumous child sexual abuse allegations

In 2013, choreographer Wade Robson filed a lawsuit alleging that Jackson had sexually abused him for seven years, beginning when he was seven years old. In 2014, a case was filed by James Safechuck, alleging sexual abuse over a four-year period from the age of ten. Both had testified in Jackson's defense during the 1993 allegations; Robson did so again in 2005. In 2015, Robson's case against Jackson's estate was dismissed on the grounds of being filed too late. Safechuck's claim was also time barred. In 2017, it was ruled that Jackson's corporations could not be held accountable for his alleged past actions.


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: At the 1988 Grammy Awards Ceremony and Bad World Tour

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: Yes, in 2013, choreographer Wade Robson filed a lawsuit alleging that Jackson had sexually abused him for seven years, beginning when he was seven years old.

Question: what themes would his songs be based on?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Michael Jackson [SEP] Themes and genres

Jackson explored genres including pop, soul, rhythm and blues, funk, rock, disco, post-disco, dance-pop and new jack swing. Steve Huey of AllMusic wrote that "Thriller" refined the strengths of "Off the Wall"; the dance and rock tracks were more aggressive, while the pop tunes and ballads were softer and more soulful. Its tracks included the ballads "The Lady in My Life", "Human Nature", and "The Girl Is Mine", the funk pieces "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'", and the disco set "Baby Be Mine" and "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)". With "Off the Wall", Jackson's "vocabulary of grunts, squeals, hiccups, moans, and asides" vividly showed his maturation into an adult, Robert Christgau wrote in "" (1981).


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: what themes would his songs be based on?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: had he made any appearances in films?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Michael Jackson [SEP] Themes and genres


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: had he made any appearances in films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is remarkable about the choreography in his music videos?

Answer: The zombie-themed video "defined music videos and broke racial barriers" on MTV

Michael Jackson [SEP] Music videos and choreography

Jackson released "Thriller", a 14-minute music video directed by John Landis, in 1983. The zombie-themed video "defined music videos and broke racial barriers" on MTV, which had launched two years earlier. Before "Thriller", Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American. Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", which led to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, and helped other black music artists gain recognition. The popularity of his videos on MTV helped the relatively new channel's viewing figures, and MTV's focus shifted toward pop and R&B. His performance on "Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever" changed the scope of live stage shows, making it acceptable for artists to lip-sync to music video on stage.


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: had he made any appearances in films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is remarkable about the choreography in his music videos?

Context: The zombie-themed video "defined music videos and broke racial barriers" on MTV

Question: what animated programs are broadcasted in the channel mentioned?

Answer: "Beavis and Butt-Head", "Æon Flux", and "The Brothers Grunt"

Explanation:
In a continuing bid to become a more diverse network focusing on youth and culture as well as music, MTV added animated shows to its lineup in the early 1990s. The animation showcase "Liquid Television" (a co-production between BBC and MTV produced in San Francisco by Colossal Pictures) was one of the channel's first programs to focus on the medium. In addition to airing original shows created specifically for MTV, the channel also occasionally aired episodes of original cartoon series produced by sister channel Nickelodeon ("Nicktoons") in the early 1990s.

MTV has a history of cartoons with mature themes including "Beavis and Butt-Head", "Æon Flux", and "The Brothers Grunt".

MTV [SEP] First animated programs


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: had he made any appearances in films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what animated programs are broadcasted in the channel mentioned?

Context: "Beavis and Butt-Head", "Æon Flux", and "The Brothers Grunt"

Question: what is the second one based on?

Answer: "Æon Flux" is set in a surreal post-apocalyptic German Expressionist dystopian style futuristic universe of 7698 AD, Æon Flux comprised a world of mutant creatures, clones, and robots within the last two border wall cities of Monica and Bregna

Æon Flux [SEP] Plot

"Æon Flux" is set in a surreal post-apocalyptic German Expressionist dystopian style futuristic universe of 7698 AD, Æon Flux comprised a world of mutant creatures, clones, and robots within the last two border wall cities of Monica and Bregna (similar to the Berlin wall) in formerly Eastern Europe after an environmental catastrophe that wiped out 99 percent of global population. The title character is a tall, sexy, scantily-clad secret agent from the society of Monica, skilled in assassination and acrobatics. Her mission is to infiltrate the strongholds of the neighboring country of Bregna, which is led by her sworn enemy, and sometimes lover, Trevor Goodchild.


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: had he made any appearances in films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the second one based on?

Context: "Æon Flux" is set in a surreal post-apocalyptic German Expressionist dystopian style futuristic universe of 7698 AD, Æon Flux comprised a world of mutant creatures, clones, and robots within the last two border wall cities of Monica and Bregna

Question: what does dystopian style mean?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Æon Flux [SEP] Plot


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: had he made any appearances in films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the second one based on?

Context: what does dystopian style mean?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who did the animation?

Answer: Peter Chung

Æon Flux [SEP] Introduction

Æon Flux is an American avant-garde science fiction animated television series that aired on MTV from November 30, 1991 until October 10, 1995, with film, comic book, and video game adaptations following thereafter. It premiered on MTV's "Liquid Television" experimental animation show, as a six-part serial of short films, followed in 1992 by five individual short episodes. In 1995, a season of ten half-hour episodes aired as a stand-alone series. "Æon Flux" was created by American animator Peter Chung. The live-action movie "Æon Flux", loosely based upon the series and starring Charlize Theron, was released in theaters on December 2, 2005, preceded in November of that year by a tie-in video game of the same name based mostly on the movie but containing some elements of the original TV series.


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: had he made any appearances in films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the second one based on?

Context: what does dystopian style mean?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who did the animation?

Context: Peter Chung

Question: what is his animation style?

Answer: Chung's animation, particularly "Æon Flux" and "Matriculated", tends toward the artistically and thematically experimental.

Peter Chung [SEP] Animation style and influences

Chung's animation, particularly "Æon Flux" and "Matriculated", tends toward the artistically and thematically experimental. In the animation field, he admires Yoshinori Kanada, Koji Morimoto, and Igor Kovalyov.


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: had he made any appearances in films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the second one based on?

Context: what does dystopian style mean?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who did the animation?

Context: Peter Chung

Context: what is his animation style?

Context: Chung's animation, particularly "Æon Flux" and "Matriculated", tends toward the artistically and thematically experimental.

Question: has he directed any other films?

Answer: Yes, "Matriculated"


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: had he made any appearances in films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the second one based on?

Context: what does dystopian style mean?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who did the animation?

Context: Peter Chung

Context: what is his animation style?

Context: has he directed any other films?

Context: Yes, "Matriculated"

Question: how did he start his career?

Answer: Chung started his animation career at a small animation studio in Maryland at age 18, working for animator and illustrator Salvador Bru.

Peter Chung [SEP] Early life and career

Peter Chung was born on April 19, 1961. Since his father was in the foreign service of the Republic of Korea, he has lived in Seoul, London, Nairobi, Washington, D.C., New York and Tunis. His parents then immigrated to the United States; he lived in McLean, Virginia. Chung studied animation at California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) from 1979 to 1981, one year at the Character Animation program, and another year in the program in Experimental Animation. Chung started his animation career at a small animation studio in Maryland at age 18, working for animator and illustrator Salvador Bru. From there at age 19 he was designing characters for Hanna-Barbera.


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: had he made any appearances in films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the second one based on?

Context: what does dystopian style mean?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who did the animation?

Context: Peter Chung

Context: what is his animation style?

Context: has he directed any other films?

Context: Yes, "Matriculated"

Context: how did he start his career?

Context: Chung started his animation career at a small animation studio in Maryland at age 18, working for animator and illustrator Salvador Bru.

Question: was he influenced by any?

Answer: Chung names Japanese animation, German expressionism and European comics as his influence

Chung names Japanese animation, German expressionism and European comics as his influence, in particular the illustrative quality of the art that depends on expressive drawings instead of many surface details. He names in his influences expressionist Egon Schiele and comic artist Moebius. As narrative influence he names Kazuo Umezu, Sanpei Shirato, Osamu Tezuka, Jack Kirby, Moebius, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Schuiten and Peeters, Silvio Cadelo, Tatsuya Egawa, Geof Darrow and Frank Miller. He also names as influences, in no special order: David Lynch, Stanley Kubrick, Orson Welles, Alfred Hitchcock, Federico Fellini, Michelangelo Antonioni, Alain Resnais, Jean Cocteau, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Seijun Suzuki, Yoshiaki Kawajiri, Yoshinori Kanada, Horst Janssen, and Frank Lloyd Wright.


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: had he made any appearances in films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the second one based on?

Context: what does dystopian style mean?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who did the animation?

Context: Peter Chung

Context: what is his animation style?

Context: has he directed any other films?

Context: Yes, "Matriculated"

Context: how did he start his career?

Context: was he influenced by any?

Context: Chung names Japanese animation, German expressionism and European comics as his influence

Question: can you brief something about the second form?

Answer: Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany

Expressionism [SEP] Introduction

Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas. Expressionist artists have sought to express the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality. Expressionism developed as an avant-garde style before the First World War. It remained popular during the Weimar Republic, particularly in Berlin. The style extended to a wide range of the arts, including expressionist architecture, painting, literature, theatre, dance, film and music.


Context: what is the way you make me feel?

Context: A song

Context: by whom?

Context: Michael Jackson

Context: was it performed live?

Context: Yes

Context: where was  it done?

Context: what is the vocal style of the singer?

Context: was he ever accused of child abuse?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: had he made any appearances in films?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the second one based on?

Context: what does dystopian style mean?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who did the animation?

Context: Peter Chung

Context: what is his animation style?

Context: has he directed any other films?

Context: Yes, "Matriculated"

Context: how did he start his career?

Context: was he influenced by any?

Context: can you brief something about the second form?

Context: Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany

Question: how did the term have its origin?

Answer: Its origin is sometimes traced to paintings exhibited in 1901 in Paris by obscure artist Julien-Auguste Hervé, which he called "Expressionismes".

Expressionism [SEP] Origin of the term

While the word expressionist was used in the modern sense as early as 1850, its origin is sometimes traced to paintings exhibited in 1901 in Paris by obscure artist Julien-Auguste Hervé, which he called "Expressionismes". An alternative view is that the term was coined by the Czech art historian Antonin Matějček in 1910 as the opposite of impressionism: "An Expressionist wishes, above all, to express himself... (an Expressionist rejects) immediate perception and builds on more complex psychic structures... Impressions and mental images that pass through ... people's soul as through a filter which rids them of all substantial accretions to produce their clear essence [...and] are assimilated and condense into more general forms, into types, which he transcribes through simple short-hand formulae and symbols." Important precursors of Expressionism were the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), especially his philosophical novel "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" (1883–1892); the later plays of the Swedish dramatist August Strindberg (1849–1912), including the trilogy "To Damascus" 1898–1901, "A Dream Play" (1902), "The Ghost Sonata" (1907); Frank Wedekind (1864–1918), especially the "Lulu" plays "Erdgeist" ("Earth Spirit") (1895) and "Die Büchse der Pandora" ("Pandora's Box") (1904); the American poet Walt Whitman's (1819–1892) "Leaves of Grass" (1855–1891); the Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–1881); Norwegian painter Edvard Munch (1863–1944); Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890); Belgian painter James Ensor (1860–1949); and pioneering Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud (1856–1939).


Question: what is the largest part of the mature brain

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Cerebellum [SEP] Introduction

The cerebellum (Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates. Although usually smaller than the cerebrum, in some animals such as the mormyrid fishes it may be as large as or even larger. In humans, the cerebellum plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language as well as emotional control such as regulating fear and pleasure responses, but its movement-related functions are the most solidly established. The human cerebellum does not initiate movement, but contributes to coordination, precision, and accurate timing: it receives input from sensory systems of the spinal cord and from other parts of the brain, and integrates these inputs to fine-tune motor activity.


Context: what is the largest part of the mature brain

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where exactly is the cerebellum located?

Answer: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Cerebellum [SEP] Gross anatomy

The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa. The fourth ventricle, pons and medulla are in front of the cerebellum. It is separated from the overlying cerebrum by a layer of leathery dura mater, the tentorium cerebelli; all of its connections with other parts of the brain travel through the pons. Anatomists classify the cerebellum as part of the metencephalon, which also includes the pons; the metencephalon is the upper part of the rhombencephalon or "hindbrain". Like the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum is divided into two cerebellar hemispheres; it also contains a narrow midline zone (the vermis). A set of large folds is, by convention, used to divide the overall structure into 10 smaller "lobules".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where exactly is the cerebellum located?

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Question: what is this part of the brain made up of?

Answer: It consists of a tightly folded layer of cortex, with white matter underneath and a fluid-filled ventricle at the base.

Cerebellum [SEP] Structure

At the level of gross anatomy, the cerebellum consists of a tightly folded layer of cortex, with white matter underneath and a fluid-filled ventricle at the base. Four deep cerebellar nuclei are embedded in the white matter. Each part of the cortex consists of the same small set of neuronal elements, laid out in a highly stereotyped geometry. At an intermediate level, the cerebellum and its auxiliary structures can be separated into several hundred or thousand independently functioning modules called "microzones" or "microcompartments".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Context: what is this part of the brain made up of?

Context: It consists of a tightly folded layer of cortex, with white matter underneath and a fluid-filled ventricle at the base.

Question: from where does it get its blood supply?

Answer: The superior cerebellar artery, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.

Cerebellum [SEP] Blood supply

The cerebellum is provided with blood from three paired major arteries: the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). The SCA supplies the upper region of the cerebellum. It divides at the upper surface and branches into the pia mater where the branches anastomose with those of the anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries. The AICA supplies the front part of the undersurface of the cerebellum. The PICA arrives at the undersurface, where it divides into a medial branch and a lateral branch. The medial branch continues backward to the cerebellar notch between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum; while the lateral branch supplies the under surface of the cerebellum, as far as its lateral border, where it anastomoses with the AICA and the SCA.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Context: from where does it get its blood supply?

Context: The superior cerebellar artery, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.

Question: what is the clinical significance of the first one?

Answer: It is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia.

Superior cerebellar artery [SEP] Clinical significance

The SCA is frequently the cause of trigeminal neuralgia, where it compresses the trigeminal nerve causing lancinating pain in the distribution of this nerve on the patient's face. However, at autopsy, 50% of people without trigeminal neuralgia will also be noted to have vascular compression of the nerve.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Context: what is the clinical significance of the first one?

Context: It is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia.

Question: what is this mentioned problem all about?

Answer: It is a long-term pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve.

Trigeminal neuralgia [SEP] Introduction

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN or TGN) is a long-term pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve. It is a form of neuropathic pain. There are two main types: typical and atypical trigeminal neuralgia. The typical form results in episodes of severe, sudden, shock-like pain in one side of the face that lasts for seconds to a few minutes. Groups of these episodes can occur over a few hours. The atypical form results in a constant burning pain that is less severe. Episodes may be triggered by any touch to the face. Both forms may occur in the same person. It is regarded to be one of the most painful disorders known to medicine, and often results in depression..


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Context: what is this mentioned problem all about?

Context: It is a long-term pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve.

Question: what are the symptoms it causes?

Answer: This disorder is characterized by episodes of severe facial pain along the trigeminal nerve divisions.

Trigeminal neuralgia [SEP] Signs and symptoms

This disorder is characterized by episodes of severe facial pain along the trigeminal nerve divisions. The trigeminal nerve is a paired cranial nerve that has three major branches: the ophthalmic nerve (V), the maxillary nerve (V), and the mandibular nerve (V). One, two, or all three branches of the nerve may be affected. Trigeminal neuralgia most commonly involves the middle branch (the maxillary nerve or V) and lower branch (mandibular nerve or V) of the trigeminal nerve. An individual attack usually lasts from a few seconds to several minutes or hours, but these can repeat for hours with very short intervals between attacks.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Context: what are the symptoms it causes?

Context: This disorder is characterized by episodes of severe facial pain along the trigeminal nerve divisions.

Question: how can it be treated?

Answer: Microvascular decompression provides freedom from pain in about 75% of patients presenting with drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia.

Trigeminal neuralgia [SEP] Surgical

Microvascular decompression provides freedom from pain in about 75% of patients presenting with drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia. While there may be pain relief after surgery, there is also a risk of adverse effects, such as facial numbness. Percutaneous radiofrequency thermorhizotomy may also be effective as may stereotactic radiosurgery; however the effectiveness decreases with time. Surgical procedures can be separated into non-destructive and destructive:


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Context: what are the symptoms it causes?

Context: how can it be treated?

Context: Microvascular decompression provides freedom from pain in about 75% of patients presenting with drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia.

Question: how is the first one performed?

Answer: It is a very complicated brain surgery.

Explanation: Patients are put to sleep using general anaesthesia and are positioned on their back with their head turned or on their side with the symptomatic side facing up. Electrical monitoring of facial function and hearing is used. A straight incision is made two finger-breadths behind the ear about the length of the ear. A portion of the skull around 30 mm (1.2 inches) in diameter is removed exposing the underlying brain covering known as the dura. The dura is opened to expose the cerebellum. The cerebellum is allowed to fall out of the way exposing the side of the brainstem. Using a microscope and micro-instruments, the arachnoid membrane is dissected allowing visualization of the 8th, 7th and finally the trigeminal nerve. The offending loop of blood vessel is then mobilized. Frequently a groove or indentation is seen in the nerve where the offending vessel was in contact with the nerve. Less often the nerve is thin and pale. Once the vessel is mobilized a sponge like material is placed betw

Microvascular decompression [SEP] Surgical technique


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Context: what are the symptoms it causes?

Context: how can it be treated?

Context: how is the first one performed?

Context: It is a very complicated brain surgery.

Question: what are the functions of that part of the brain which was discussed earlier?

Answer: Problems with motor control, on the same side of the body as the damaged part of the cerebellum.

Cerebellum [SEP] Function

The strongest clues to the function of the cerebellum have come from examining the consequences of damage to it. Animals and humans with cerebellar dysfunction show, above all, problems with motor control, on the same side of the body as the damaged part of the cerebellum. They continue to be able to generate motor activity but lose precision, producing erratic, uncoordinated, or incorrectly timed movements. A standard test of cerebellar function is to reach with the tip of the finger for a target at arm's length: A healthy person will move the fingertip in a rapid straight trajectory, whereas a person with cerebellar damage will reach slowly and erratically, with many mid-course corrections.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Context: what are the symptoms it causes?

Context: how can it be treated?

Context: how is the first one performed?

Context: It is a very complicated brain surgery.

Context: what are the functions of that part of the brain which was discussed earlier?

Context: Problems with motor control, on the same side of the body as the damaged part of the cerebellum.

Question: what happens if this part is damaged?

Answer: You continue to be able to generate motor activity but lose precision, producing erratic, uncoordinated, or incorrectly timed movements.

Explanation: They continue to be able to generate motor activity but lose precision, producing erratic, uncoordinated, or incorrectly timed movements.

Cerebellum [SEP] Function


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Context: what are the symptoms it causes?

Context: how can it be treated?

Context: how is the first one performed?

Context: It is a very complicated brain surgery.

Context: what happens if this part is damaged?

Context: You continue to be able to generate motor activity but lose precision, producing erratic, uncoordinated, or incorrectly timed movements.

Question: what are the different layers of this part?

Answer: Molecular layer, Purkinje layer and Granular layer.

Cerebellum [SEP] Molecular layer

The top, outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex is the molecular layer. This layer contains the flattened dendritic trees of Purkinje cells, and the huge array of parallel fibers, from the granular layer, that penetrate the Purkinje cell dendritic trees at right angles. The molecular layer also contains two types of inhibitory interneuron: stellate cells and basket cells. Both stellate and basket cells form GABAergic synapses onto Purkinje cell dendrites.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Context: what are the symptoms it causes?

Context: how can it be treated?

Context: how is the first one performed?

Context: It is a very complicated brain surgery.

Context: what happens if this part is damaged?

Context: what are the different layers of this part?

Context: Molecular layer, Purkinje layer and Granular layer.

Question: what is meant by the first layer mentioned?

Answer: It is the top, outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex.

Cerebellum [SEP] Molecular layer


Context: what is the largest part of the mature brain

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where exactly is the cerebellum located?

Context: In the posterior cranial fossa.

Context: what is this part of the brain made up of?

Context: It consists of a tightly folded layer of cortex, with white matter underneath and a fluid-filled ventricle at the base.

Context: from where does it get its blood supply?

Context: The superior cerebellar artery, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.

Context: what is the clinical significance of the first one?

Context: It is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia.

Context: what is this mentioned problem all about?

Context: It is a long-term pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve.

Context: what are the symptoms it causes?

Context: This disorder is characterized by episodes of severe facial pain along the trigeminal nerve divisions.

Context: how can it be treated?

Context: Microvascular decompression provides freedom from pain in about 75% of patients presenting with drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia.

Context: how is the first one performed?

Context: It is a very complicated brain surgery.

Context: what are the functions of that part of the brain which was discussed earlier?

Context: Problems with motor control, on the same side of the body as the damaged part of the cerebellum.

Context: what happens if this part is damaged?

Context: You continue to be able to generate motor activity but lose precision, producing erratic, uncoordinated, or incorrectly timed movements.

Context: what are the different layers of this part?

Context: Molecular layer, Purkinje layer and Granular layer.

Context: what is meant by the first layer mentioned?

Context: It is the top, outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex.

Question: what is meant by the second layer mentioned?

Answer: Purkinje cells are among the most distinctive neurons in the brain, and one of the earlie.st types to be recognized

Cerebellum [SEP] Purkinje layer

Purkinje cells are among the most distinctive neurons in the brain, and one of the earliest types to be recognized—they were first described by the Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkyně in 1837. They are distinguished by the shape of their dendritic tree: The dendrites branch very profusely, but are severely flattened in a plane perpendicular to the cerebellar folds. Thus, the dendrites of a Purkinje cell form a dense planar net, through which parallel fibers pass at right angles. The dendrites are covered with dendritic spines, each of which receives synaptic input from a parallel fiber. Purkinje cells receive more synaptic inputs than any other type of cell in the brain—estimates of the number of spines on a single human Purkinje cell run as high as 200,000.


Question: who was the irishman who founded new zealand's most english city

Answer: David Gallaher

Dave Gallaher [SEP] Introduction

David Gallaher (30October 1873 – 4October 1917) was an Irish-born New Zealand rugby union footballer best remembered as the captain of the "Original All Blacks"—the 1905–06 New Zealand national team, the first representative New Zealand side to tour the British Isles. Under Gallaher's leadership the Originals won 34 out of 35 matches over the course of tour, including legs in France and North America; the New Zealanders scored 976 points and conceded only 59. Before returning home he co-wrote the classic rugby text "The Complete Rugby Footballer" with his vice-captain Billy Stead. Gallaher retired as a player after the 1905–06 tour and took up coaching and selecting; he was a selector for both Auckland and New Zealand for most of the following decade.


Context: who was the irishman who founded new zealand's most english city

Context: David Gallaher

Question: where was he from?

Answer: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Explanation: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland,

Dave Gallaher [SEP] Early life

Dave Gallaher was born as David Gallagher on 30October 1873 at Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland, the third son of James Henry Gallagher, a 69-year-old shopkeeper, and his 29-year-old wife, Maria Hardy Gallagher ("née" McCloskie). James was a widower who had married Maria in 1866, a year after the death of his first wife. James had two children from his first marriage, and David was the seventh from his marriage to Maria. The couple had three more children after David, but of their ten offspring, three died in infancy. The couple's other offspring were: Joseph (born 1867), Isabella (1868), James (1869), Maria (called Molly, 1870), Jane (1871), Thomas (1872), William (1875), Oswald (1876), and James Patrick (1878).


Context: David Gallaher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Question: what was his career?

Answer: He was a rugby union footballer best remembered as the captain of the "Original All Blacks".

Explanation: rugby union footballer best remembered as the captain of the "Original All Blacks

Dave Gallaher [SEP] Introduction


Context: David Gallaher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Context: what was his career?

Context: He was a rugby union footballer best remembered as the captain of the "Original All Blacks".

Question: how is this game played?

Answer: It  is a full contact team sport based on running with the ball in hand.  A game is played between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field called a pitch.

Explanation: is a full contact team sport that originated in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is played between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field called a pitch. The field has H-shaped goalposts at both ends.

Rugby union [SEP] Introduction

World Rugby, previously called the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB) and the International Rugby Board (IRB), has been the governing body for rugby union since 1886, and currently has 101 countries as full members and 18 associate members. In 1845, the first football laws were written by pupils at Rugby School, In Rugby; other significant events in the early development of rugby include the decision by Blackheath F.C. to leave the Football Association in 1863 and, in 1895, the acrimonious split between the then amateur rugby union and the professional rugby league. Historically rugby union was an amateur sport, but in 1995 formal restrictions on payments to players were removed, making the game openly professional at the highest level for the first time.


Context: David Gallaher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Context: what was his career?

Context: how is this game played?

Context: It  is a full contact team sport based on running with the ball in hand.  A game is played between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field called a pitch.

Question: what is the common injury faced by the players?

Answer: Bleeding

Explanation: bleeding

Rugby union [SEP] Replacements and substitutions

During the match, players may be replaced (for injury) or substituted (for tactical reasons). A player who has been replaced may not rejoin play unless he was temporarily replaced to have bleeding controlled; a player who has been substituted may return temporarily, to replace a player who has a blood injury or has suffered a concussion, or permanently, if he is replacing a front-row forward. In international matches, eight replacements are allowed; in domestic or cross-border tournaments, at the discretion of the responsible national union(s), the number of replacements may be nominated to a maximum of eight, of whom three must be sufficiently trained and experienced to provide cover for the three front row positions.


Context: David Gallaher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Context: what was his career?

Context: how is this game played?

Context: what is the common injury faced by the players?

Context: Bleeding

Question: did the above mentioned person fight in any war?

Answer: Yes, Gallaher joined the Sixth New Zealand Contingent of Mounted Rifles for service in the Anglo-Boer War.

Dave Gallaher [SEP] Anglo-Boer War

In January 1901 Gallaher joined the Sixth New Zealand Contingent of Mounted Rifles for service in the Anglo-Boer War. When enlisting he gave his date of birth as 31October 1876, three years later than the actual date. It is unknown why he did this but the later date continued to be used in official records for the rest of his life. Gallaher was given a send-off dinner by his Ponsonby club before the contingent departed from Auckland on 31January. After disembarking in South Africa at East London on 14March 1901, Gallaher's contingent immediately embarked for Pretoria, and it was there that, as part of forces under the command of General Herbert Plumer, they set about their task of "rid[ding] the Northern Transvaal of Boer guerrillas and sympathizers." A member of the contingent's 16th (Auckland) Company, he served in the advanced guard, who scouted ahead of the main force.


Context: David Gallaher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Context: what was his career?

Context: how is this game played?

Context: Bleeding

Context: did the above mentioned person fight in any war?

Context: Yes, Gallaher joined the Sixth New Zealand Contingent of Mounted Rifles for service in the Anglo-Boer War.

Question: when did this war take place?

Answer: 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902

Explanation: 11 October 189931 May 1902

Second Boer War [SEP] Introduction

The Second Boer War (11 October 189931 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa. The trigger of the war was the discovery of diamonds and gold in the Boer states. The war is also known as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, or South African War. Initial Boer attacks were successful, and although British reinforcements later reversed these, the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare, until harsh British counter-measures including a scorched earth policy brought the Boers to terms.


Context: David Gallaher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Context: what was his career?

Context: how is this game played?

Context: Bleeding

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902

Question: what is the reason behind this war?

Answer: It was fought over the Empire's influence in South Africa.

Explanation: over the Empire's influence in South Africa.

Second Boer War [SEP] Introduction


Context: David Gallaher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Context: what was his career?

Context: how is this game played?

Context: Bleeding

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902

Context: what is the reason behind this war?

Context: It was fought over the Empire's influence in South Africa.

Question: for the above game, what is the ball made of?

Answer: A rugby ball, originally called a quanco, is a diamond shape ball used for easier passing.  Richard Lindon and Bernardo Solano started making balls for Rugby school out of hand stitched, four-panel, leather casings and pigs' bladders.

Explanation:
A rugby ball, originally called a quanco, is a diamond shape ball used for easier passing.
Richard Lindon and Bernardo Solano started making balls for Rugby school out of hand stitched, four-panel, leather casings and pigs' bladders.

Rugby football [SEP] Rugby ball

It is made of leather or suitable synthetic material and may be treated to make it water resistant and easier to grip. The rugby ball may not weigh more than 460 grams or less than 410 and has an air pressure of 65.71–68.75 kilopascals, or 0.67–0.70 kilograms per square centimetre, or 9.5–10.0 lbs per square inch. Spare balls are allowed under the condition that players or teams do not seek an advantage by changing the ball. Smaller sized balls may also be used in games between younger players. Much larger versions of traditional balls are also available for purchase, but these are mainly for their novelty attraction.


Context: David Gallaher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Context: what was his career?

Context: how is this game played?

Context: Bleeding

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902

Context: what is the reason behind this war?

Context: for the above game, what is the ball made of?

Context: A rugby ball, originally called a quanco, is a diamond shape ball used for easier passing.  Richard Lindon and Bernardo Solano started making balls for Rugby school out of hand stitched, four-panel, leather casings and pigs' bladders.

Question: what are its size specifications?

Answer: An official rugby union ball is oval and made of four panels, has a length in-line of 280–300 millimetres, a circumference (end to end) of 740–770 millimetres, and a circumference (in width) of 580–620 millimetres.

Explanation: an official rugby union ball is oval and made of four panels, has a length in-line of 280–300 millimetres, a circumference (end to end) of 740–770 millimetres, and a circumference (in width) of 580–620 millimetres.

Rugby football [SEP] Rugby ball


Context: David Gallaher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Context: what was his career?

Context: how is this game played?

Context: Bleeding

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902

Context: what is the reason behind this war?

Context: what are its size specifications?

Context: An official rugby union ball is oval and made of four panels, has a length in-line of 280–300 millimetres, a circumference (end to end) of 740–770 millimetres, and a circumference (in width) of 580–620 millimetres.

Question: who won the above mentioned war?

Answer: Britain

Second Boer War [SEP] Introduction

The British army seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as Kruger and others in the Boer government went into hiding or fled the country. In conventional terms, the war was over. The British officially annexed the two countries in 1900. Back home, Britain's Conservative government wanted to capitalize on this success to call an early general election, dubbed by some the "khaki election". British military efforts were aided by Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal, Rhodesia, and some native African allies, and further supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India and New Zealand.


Context: David Gallaher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Context: what was his career?

Context: how is this game played?

Context: Bleeding

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902

Context: what is the reason behind this war?

Context: what are its size specifications?

Context: who won the above mentioned war?

Context: Britain

Question: can you mention the acclaimed personalities involved in this war?

Answer: Harold Lothrop Borden, Sam Hughes, John McCrae

Explanation:
Harold Lothrop Borden was the only son of Canada's Canadian Minister of Defence and Militia, Frederick William Borden. Serving in the Royal Canadian Dragoons, he became the most famous Canadian casualty of the Second Boer War. Queen Victoria asked F. W. Borden for a photograph of his son, Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier praised his services, tributes arrived from across Canada, and in his home town Canning, Nova Scotia, there is a monument (by Hamilton MacCarthy) erected to his memory.
Sam Hughes – Senior Militia officer and later a Federally elected cabinet minister. As a very patriotic individual,

Second Boer War [SEP] Notable people involved in the Boer War

This was a position that Hughes would be dismissed from in 1916, due once again to his impatience, among other reasons. John McCrae – Best known as the author of the World War I poem In Flanders Fields, McCrae started his active military service in the Boer War as an artillery officer. After completing several major campaigns, McCrae's artillery unit was sent home to Canada in 1901 with what would be referred to today as an 'honourable discharge'. McCrae ended up becoming a special professor in the University of Vermont for pathology and he would later serve in World War I as a Medical officer until his death from pneumonia while on active duty in 1918.


Context: David Gallaher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland

Context: what was his career?

Context: how is this game played?

Context: Bleeding

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 - 31 May 1902

Context: what is the reason behind this war?

Context: what are its size specifications?

Context: who won the above mentioned war?

Context: Britain

Context: can you mention the acclaimed personalities involved in this war?

Context: Harold Lothrop Borden, Sam Hughes, John McCrae

Question: who was the second person mentioned above?

Answer: Sir Samuel Hughes  was the Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence during World War I.

Explanation: Sir Samuel Hughes, (January 8, 1853 – August 23, 1921) was the Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence during World War I. He was notable for being the last Liberal-Conservative cabinet minister, until he was dismissed from his cabinet post.

Sam Hughes [SEP] Introduction


Question: what element on the periodic table has the highest melting point

Answer: Tungsten

Tungsten [SEP] Introduction

Tungsten, or Wolfram, is a chemical element with the symbol W and atomic number 74. The name "tungsten" comes from the former Swedish name for the tungstate mineral "scheelite", which means "heavy stone". Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively combined with other elements in chemical compounds rather than alone. It was identified as a new element in 1781 and first isolated as a metal in 1783. Its important ores include wolframite and scheelite. The free element is remarkable for its robustness, especially the fact that it has the highest melting point of all the elements discovered, melting at .


Context: what element on the periodic table has the highest melting point

Context: Tungsten

Question: how does it look?

Answer: In its raw form, tungsten is a hard steel-grey metal.

Tungsten [SEP] Physical properties

In its raw form, tungsten is a hard steel-grey metal that is often brittle and hard to work. If made very pure, tungsten retains its hardness (which exceeds that of many steels), and becomes malleable enough that it can be worked easily. It is worked by forging, drawing, or extruding but it is more commonly formed by sintering. Of all metals in pure form, tungsten has the highest melting point (), lowest vapor pressure (at temperatures above ), and the highest tensile strength. Although carbon remains solid at higher temperatures than tungsten, carbon sublimes at atmospheric pressure instead of melting, so it has no melting point.


Context: Tungsten

Context: how does it look?

Context: In its raw form, tungsten is a hard steel-grey metal.

Question: chemically what is it's components?

Answer: Tungsten forms chemical compounds in oxidation states from -II to VI.

Tungsten [SEP] Chemical compounds

Tungsten forms chemical compounds in oxidation states from -II to VI. Higher oxidation states, always as oxides, are relevant to its terrestrial occurrence and its biological roles, mid-level oxidation states are often associated with metal clusters, and very low oxidation states are typically associated with CO complexes. The chemistries of tungsten and molybdenum show strong similarities to each other, as well as contrasts with their lighter congener, chromium. The relative rarity of tungsten(III), for example, contrasts with the pervasiveness of the chromium(III) compounds. The highest oxidation state is seen in tungsten(VI) oxide (WO). Molybdenum trioxide, which is volatile at high temperatures, is the precursor to virtually all other Mo compounds as well as alloys.


Context: Tungsten

Context: how does it look?

Context: chemically what is it's components?

Context: Tungsten forms chemical compounds in oxidation states from -II to VI.

Question: where do you find this element in abundance?

Answer: It is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively combined with other elements in chemical compounds rather than alone.

Explanation: Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively combined with other elements in chemical compounds rather than alone.

Tungsten [SEP] Introduction


Context: Tungsten

Context: how does it look?

Context: chemically what is it's components?

Context: where do you find this element in abundance?

Context: It is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively combined with other elements in chemical compounds rather than alone.

Question: at what temperature does it melt?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Tungsten [SEP] Introduction


Context: Tungsten

Context: how does it look?

Context: chemically what is it's components?

Context: at what temperature does it melt?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: name any other precious element of it's kind?

Answer: Uranium and gold

Tungsten [SEP] Introduction

It also has the highest boiling point, at . Its density is 19.25 times that of water, comparable with that of uranium and gold, and much higher (about 1.7 times) than that of lead. Polycrystalline tungsten is an intrinsically brittle and hard material (under standard conditions, when uncombined), making it difficult to work. However, pure single-crystalline tungsten is more ductile and can be cut with a hard-steel hacksaw. Tungsten's many alloys have numerous applications, including incandescent light bulb filaments, X-ray tubes (as both the filament and target), electrodes in gas tungsten arc welding, superalloys, and radiation shielding. Tungsten's hardness and high density give it military applications in penetrating projectiles.


Context: Tungsten

Context: how does it look?

Context: chemically what is it's components?

Context: at what temperature does it melt?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name any other precious element of it's kind?

Context: Uranium and gold

Question: what is the physical appearance of the second one above?

Answer: Gold often occurs in free elemental (native) form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, in veins, and in alluvial deposits.

Gold [SEP] Introduction

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from ) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. In a pure form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions. Gold often occurs in free elemental (native) form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, in veins, and in alluvial deposits. It occurs in a solid solution series with the native element silver (as electrum) and also naturally alloyed with copper and palladium.


Context: Tungsten

Context: how does it look?

Context: chemically what is it's components?

Context: at what temperature does it melt?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Uranium and gold

Context: what is the physical appearance of the second one above?

Context: Gold often occurs in free elemental (native) form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, in veins, and in alluvial deposits.

Question: what is it's religious relevance?

Answer: In some forms of Christianity and Judaism, gold has been associated both with holiness and evil.

Gold [SEP] Religion

In some forms of Christianity and Judaism, gold has been associated both with holiness and evil. In the Book of Exodus, the Golden Calf is a symbol of idolatry, while in the Book of Genesis, Abraham was said to be rich in gold and silver, and Moses was instructed to cover the Mercy Seat of the Ark of the Covenant with pure gold. In Byzantine iconography the halos of Christ, Mary and the Christian saints are often golden. In Islam, gold (along with silk) is often cited as being forbidden for men to wear. Abu Bakr al-Jazaeri, quoting a hadith, said that "[t]he wearing of silk and gold are forbidden on the males of my nation, and they are lawful to their women".


Context: Tungsten

Context: how does it look?

Context: chemically what is it's components?

Context: at what temperature does it melt?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Uranium and gold

Context: what is it's religious relevance?

Context: In some forms of Christianity and Judaism, gold has been associated both with holiness and evil.

Question: whom do the first religion above believe in?

Answer: Jesus of Nazareth

Christianity [SEP] Introduction

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. Its adherents, known as Christians, believe that Jesus is the Christ, whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible, called the Old Testament in Christianity, and chronicled in the New Testament. It is the world's largest religion, with about 2.4 billion followers as of 2020. Christianity remains culturally diverse in its Western and Eastern branches, as well as in its doctrines concerning justification and the nature of salvation, ecclesiology, ordination, and Christology. Their creeds generally hold in common Jesus as the Son of God—the logos incarnated—who ministered, suffered, and died on a cross, but rose from the dead for the salvation of mankind; as referred to as the gospel, meaning the "good news", in the Bible.


Context: Tungsten

Context: how does it look?

Context: chemically what is it's components?

Context: at what temperature does it melt?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Uranium and gold

Context: what is it's religious relevance?

Context: whom do the first religion above believe in?

Context: Jesus of Nazareth

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Jesus' childhood home is identified in the gospels of Luke and Matthew as the town of Nazareth in Galilee.

Jesus [SEP] Early life, family, and profession

Jesus' childhood home is identified in the gospels of Luke and Matthew as the town of Nazareth in Galilee, where he lived with his family. Although Joseph appears in descriptions of Jesus' childhood, no mention is made of him thereafter. His other family members—his mother, Mary, his brothers James, Joses (or Joseph), Judas and Simon and his unnamed sisters—are mentioned in the gospels and other sources. The Gospel of Mark reports that Jesus comes into conflict with his neighbors and family. Jesus' mother and brothers come to get him () because people are saying that he is crazy (). Jesus responds that his followers are his true family.


Question: who was behind september 11 attacks?

Answer: Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda.

September 11 attacks [SEP] Introduction

The September 11 attacks, often referred to as 9/11, were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks resulted in 2,977 fatalities, over 25,000 injuries, and substantial long-term health consequences, in addition to at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage. It is the single deadliest terrorist attack in human history and the single deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in the history of the United States, with 343 and 72 killed, respectively. Four passenger airliners which had departed from airports in the northeastern United States bound for California were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists.


Context:
who was behind september 11 attacks?
Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda.

Question: why did they do it?

Answer: Al-Qaeda and bin Laden cited U.S. support of Israel, the presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq as motives.

September 11 attacks [SEP] Introduction

Al-Qaeda and bin Laden cited U.S. support of Israel, the presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq as motives. After evading capture for almost a decade, bin Laden was located in Pakistan in 2011 and killed during a U.S. military raid.


Context: who was behind september 11 attacks?

Context: Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda.

Context: why did they do it?

Context: Al-Qaeda and bin Laden cited U.S. support of Israel, the presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq as motives.

Question: which places were targeted?

Answer: The World Trade Centre complex, the Pentagon and Washington, D.C..

Explanation: Two of the planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, crashed into the North and South towers, respectively, of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan. Within an hour and 42 minutes, both 110-story towers collapsed. Debris and the resulting fires caused a partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the World Trade Center complex, including the 47-story 7 World Trade Center tower, as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures. A third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was crashed into the Pentagon (the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense) in Arlington County, Virginia, which led to a partial collapse of the building's west side. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, was initially flown toward Washington, D.C., but crashed into a field in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, after passengers thwarted the hijackers.

September 11 attacks [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was behind september 11 attacks?

Context: Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda.

Context: why did they do it?

Context: which places were targeted?

Context: The World Trade Centre complex, the Pentagon and Washington, D.C..

Question: who founded the terrorist organization responsible for the attacks?

Answer: Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri and Abdullah Azzam, and several other Arab volunteers .

Al-Qaeda [SEP] Introduction

Al-Qaeda (; ', , translation: "The Base", "The Foundation", alternatively spelled al-Qaida and al-Qa'ida) is a transnational extremist Salafist militant organization founded in Peshawar, Pakistan 1988 by Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri and Abdullah Azzam, and several other Arab volunteers during the Soviet–Afghan War. Al-Qaeda operates as a network of Islamic extremists and Salafist jihadists. The organization has been designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations Security Council, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, India, and various other countries (see below). Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on non-military and military targets in various countries, including the 1998 United States embassy bombings, the September 11 attacks, and the 2002 Bali bombings.


Context: who was behind september 11 attacks?

Context: Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda.

Context: why did they do it?

Context: which places were targeted?

Context: who founded the terrorist organization responsible for the attacks?

Context: Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri and Abdullah Azzam, and several other Arab volunteers .

Question: is the organization responsible for any other attacks on the civilians?

Answer: The 1998 United States embassy bombings, and the 2002 Bali bombings.

Explanation: Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on non-military and military targets in various countries, including the 1998 United States embassy bombings, the September 11 attacks, and the 2002 Bali bombings.

Al-Qaeda [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was behind september 11 attacks?

Context: Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda.

Context: why did they do it?

Context: which places were targeted?

Context: is the organization responsible for any other attacks on the civilians?

Context: The 1998 United States embassy bombings, and the 2002 Bali bombings.

Question: where was the first founder killed?

Answer: Abbottabad, Pakistan.

Osama bin Laden [SEP] Death and aftermath

Osama bin Laden was killed in Abbottabad, Pakistan, on May 2, 2011, shortly after 1:00 AM local time (4:00 PM eastern time) by a United States military special operations unit. The operation, code-named Operation Neptune Spear, was ordered by United States President Barack Obama and carried out in a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operation by a team of United States Navy SEALs from the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group (also known as DEVGRU or informally by its former name, SEAL Team Six) of the Joint Special Operations Command, with support from CIA operatives on the ground. The raid on bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad was launched from Afghanistan.


Context: who was behind september 11 attacks?

Context: Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda.

Context: why did they do it?

Context: which places were targeted?

Context: where was the first founder killed?

Context: Abbottabad, Pakistan.

Question: which countries have been accused of protecting him?

Answer: Pakistan.

Explanation: Carlotta Gall, writing in "The New York Times Magazine" in 2014, reported that ISI Director General Ahmad Shuja Pasha knew of bin Laden's presence in Abbottabad. In a 2015 "London Review of Books" article, investigative reporter Seymour M. Hersh asserted—citing U.S. sources—that bin Laden had been a prisoner of the ISI at the Abbottabad compound since 2006; that Pasha knew of the U.S. mission in advance, and authorized the helicopters delivering the SEALs to enter Pakistani airspace; and that the CIA learned of bin Laden's whereabouts from a former senior Pakistani intelligence officer, who was paid an estimated $25 million for the information.

Osama bin Laden [SEP] Allegations of Pakistan-support protection of bin Laden

"Obviously bin Laden did have a support system", he said. "The issue is, was that support system within the government and the state of Pakistan, or within the society of Pakistan?" Others argued that bin Laden lived in the compound with a local family, and never used the internet or a mobile phone, which would have made him much easier to locate. Pakistan's president Asif Ali Zardari denied that his country's security forces sheltered bin Laden, and called any supposed support for bin Laden by the Pakistani government baseless speculation. Government officials said that the country's limited resources had been committed to its war against the Pakistan Taliban, and other insurgents who posed an active threat to it, rather than to finding or sheltering bin Laden.


Context: who was behind september 11 attacks?

Context: Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda.

Context: why did they do it?

Context: which places were targeted?

Context: where was the first founder killed?

Context: Abbottabad, Pakistan.

Context: which countries have been accused of protecting him?

Context: Pakistan.

Question: what activities was the terrorist organization involved in in sudan?

Answer: They helped the assisted the Sudanese government, bought or set up various business enterprises, and established training camps.

Al-Qaeda [SEP] Sudan

From around 1992 to 1996, al-Qaeda and bin Laden based themselves in Sudan at the invitation of Islamist theoretician Hassan al-Turabi. The move followed an Islamist coup d'état in Sudan, led by Colonel Omar al-Bashir, who professed a commitment to reordering Muslim political values. During this time, bin Laden assisted the Sudanese government, bought or set up various business enterprises, and established training camps. A key turning point for bin Laden occurred in 1993 when Saudi Arabia gave support for the Oslo Accords, which set a path for peace between Israel and Palestinians. Due to bin Laden's continuous verbal assault on King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, Fahd sent an emissary to Sudan on March 5, 1994 demanding bin Laden's passport.


Context: who was behind september 11 attacks?

Context: Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda.

Context: why did they do it?

Context: which places were targeted?

Context: where was the first founder killed?

Context: Abbottabad, Pakistan.

Context: Pakistan.

Context: what activities was the terrorist organization involved in in sudan?

Context: They helped the assisted the Sudanese government, bought or set up various business enterprises, and established training camps.

Question: was it designated as a terrorist organization?

Answer: Yes, by various countries and organizations.

Explanation: The organization has been designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations Security Council, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, India, and various other countries (see below).

Al-Qaeda [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was behind september 11 attacks?

Context: Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda.

Context: why did they do it?

Context: which places were targeted?

Context: where was the first founder killed?

Context: Abbottabad, Pakistan.

Context: Pakistan.

Context: was it designated as a terrorist organization?

Context: Yes, by various countries and organizations.

Question: which if its members participate in the september 11 attacks?

Answer: Suicide squads led by Mohamed Atta, with Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, and Hambali as the key planners and part of the political and military command.

Al-Qaeda [SEP] September 11 attacks

Evidence points to suicide squads led by al-Qaeda military commander Mohamed Atta as the culprits of the attacks, with bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, and Hambali as the key planners and part of the political and military command. Messages issued by bin Laden after September 11, 2001, praised the attacks, and explained their motivation while denying any involvement. Bin Laden legitimized the attacks by identifying grievances felt by both mainstream and Islamist Muslims, such as the general perception that the US was actively oppressing Muslims.


Question: is james caird a ship who voyaged in the sea?

Answer: Yes.

Voyage of the James Caird [SEP] Introduction

The voyage of the "James Caird" was a journey of from Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands through the Southern Ocean to South Georgia, undertaken by Sir Ernest Shackleton and five companions to obtain rescue for the main body of the stranded Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917. Polar historians regard the voyage of the crew in a 22.5' lifeboat through the "Furious Fifties" as one of the greatest small-boat journeys ever completed. In October 1915, pack ice in the Weddell Sea had sunk the main expedition ship "Endurance", leaving Shackleton and his 27 companions adrift on a floe. They drifted northward until April 1916, when the floe they had encamped broke up, then made their way in the ship's lifeboats to Elephant Island.


Context: is james caird a ship who voyaged in the sea?

Context: Yes.

Question: who designed it?

Answer: Harry McNish, strengthened and adapted the boat to withstand the seas of the Southern Ocean.

Shackleton decided to sail one of the lifeboats to South Georgia, not the closest human settlement but the only one not requiring sailing into the prevailing westerlies. Of the three lifeboats, the "James Caird" was deemed the strongest and most likely to survive the journey. Shackleton had named it after Sir James Key Caird, a Dundee philanthropist whose sponsorship had helped finance the expedition. Before its voyage, the ship's carpenter, Harry McNish, strengthened and adapted the boat to withstand the seas of the Southern Ocean, sealing his makeshift wood and canvas deck with lamp wick, oil paint and seal blood.


Context: Yes.

Context: who designed it?

Context: Harry McNish, strengthened and adapted the boat to withstand the seas of the Southern Ocean.

Question: on what date did the boat first start its journey in the sea?

Answer: 24 April 1916.

Voyage of the James Caird [SEP] Open-boat journey

Before leaving, Shackleton instructed Frank Wild that he was to assume full command as soon as the "James Caird" departed, and that should the journey fail, he was to attempt to take the party to Deception Island the following spring. The "James Caird" was launched from Elephant Island on 24 April 1916. The wind was a moderate south-westerly, which aided a swift getaway, and the boat was quickly out of sight of the land. Shackleton ordered Worsley to set a course due north, instead of directly for South Georgia, to get clear of the menacing ice-fields that were beginning to form.


Context: Yes.

Context: who designed it?

Context: on what date did the boat first start its journey in the sea?

Context: 24 April 1916.

Question: which place did it start?

Answer: Elephant Island.


Context: Yes.

Context: who designed it?

Context: 24 April 1916.

Context: which place did it start?

Context: Elephant Island.

Question: in which region/continent is that a part of?

Answer: Antarctica.

Elephant Island [SEP] Introduction

Elephant Island is an ice-covered, mountainous island off the coast of Antarctica in the outer reaches of the South Shetland Islands, in the Southern Ocean. The island is situated north-northeast of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, west-southwest of South Georgia, south of the Falkland Islands, and southeast of Cape Horn. It is within the Antarctic claims of Argentina, Chile and the United Kingdom. The Brazilian Antarctic Program maintains a shelter on the island, Goeldi, supporting the work of up to six researchers each during the summer, and formerly had another (Wiltgen), which was dismantled in the summers of 1997 and 1998.


Context: Yes.

Context: who designed it?

Context: 24 April 1916.

Context: which place did it start?

Context: Elephant Island.

Context: in which region/continent is that a part of?

Context: Antarctica.

Question: how many people were in that vessel?

Answer: 6.

Explanation: Sir Ernest Shackleton and five companions to obtain rescue for the main body of th


Context: Yes.

Context: who designed it?

Context: 24 April 1916.

Context: which place did it start?

Context: Elephant Island.

Context: Antarctica.

Context: how many people were in that vessel?

Question: can you name a few of them?

Answer: Shackleton, Worsley and Crean.

Explanation: Shackleton ordered Worsley to set a course due north, instead of directly for South Georgia, to get clear of the menacing ice-fields that were beginning to form. By

Success depended on Worsley's navigation, based on sightings attempted during the very brief appearances of the sun, as the boat pitched and rolled. The first observation was made after two days, and showed them to be north of Elephant Island. The course was now changed to head directly for South Georgia. They were clear of the dangers of floating ice but had reached the dangerous seas of the Drake Passage, where giant waves sweep round the globe, unimpeded by any land. The movement of the ship made preparing hot food on the Primus nearly impossible, but Crean, who acted as cook, somehow kept the men fed.


Context: Yes.

Context: who designed it?

Context: 24 April 1916.

Context: which place did it start?

Context: Elephant Island.

Context: Antarctica.

Context: how many people were in that vessel?

Context: can you name a few of them?

Context: Shackleton, Worsley and Crean.

Question: name a few water bodies in which it sailed?

Answer: The Drake Passage.

Explanation: . They were clear of the dangers of floating ice but had reached the dangerous seas of the Drake Passage, where giant waves sweep round the globe, unimpeded by any


Context: Yes.

Context: who designed it?

Context: 24 April 1916.

Context: which place did it start?

Context: Elephant Island.

Context: Antarctica.

Context: how many people were in that vessel?

Context: can you name a few of them?

Context: Shackleton, Worsley and Crean.

Context: name a few water bodies in which it sailed?

Context: The Drake Passage.

Question: can you tell me something about the first person you mentioned previously?

Answer: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was an Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic.

Explanation: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton (; 15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic.

Ernest Shackleton [SEP] Introduction

In 1921, he returned to the Antarctic with the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition, but died of a heart attack while his ship was moored in South Georgia. At his wife's request, he was buried there.


Context: Yes.

Context: who designed it?

Context: 24 April 1916.

Context: which place did it start?

Context: Elephant Island.

Context: Antarctica.

Context: how many people were in that vessel?

Context: can you name a few of them?

Context: Shackleton, Worsley and Crean.

Context: The Drake Passage.

Context: can you tell me something about the first person you mentioned previously?

Context: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was an Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic.

Question: name those three expeditions.

Answer: "Discovery" expedition, "Nimrod" expedition and the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition.

Ernest Shackleton [SEP] Introduction

Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton (; 15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Shackleton's first experience of the polar regions was as third officer on Captain Robert Falcon Scott's "Discovery" expedition of 1901–1904, from which he was sent home early on health grounds, after he and his companions Scott and Edward Adrian Wilson set a new southern record by marching to latitude 82°S. During the "Nimrod" expedition of 1907–1909, he and three companions established a new record Farthest South latitude at 88°S, only 97 geographical miles (112 statute miles or 180 kilometres) from the South Pole, the largest advance to the pole in exploration history.


Context: Yes.

Context: who designed it?

Context: 24 April 1916.

Context: which place did it start?

Context: Elephant Island.

Context: Antarctica.

Context: how many people were in that vessel?

Context: can you name a few of them?

Context: Shackleton, Worsley and Crean.

Context: The Drake Passage.

Context: name those three expeditions.

Context: "Discovery" expedition, "Nimrod" expedition and the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition.

Question: which year did the first expedition mentioned above start?

Answer: 1901.

Discovery Expedition [SEP] Introduction

The Discovery Expedition of 1901–1904, known officially as the British National Antarctic Expedition, was the first official British exploration of the Antarctic regions since the voyage of James Clark Ross sixty years earlier (1839-1843). Organized on a large scale under a joint committee of the Royal Society and the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), the new expedition carried out scientific research and geographical exploration in what was then largely an untouched continent. It launched the Antarctic careers of many who would become leading figures in the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, including Robert Falcon Scott who led the expedition, Ernest Shackleton, Edward Wilson, Frank Wild, Tom Crean and William Lashly.


Context: Yes.

Context: who designed it?

Context: 24 April 1916.

Context: which place did it start?

Context: Elephant Island.

Context: Antarctica.

Context: how many people were in that vessel?

Context: can you name a few of them?

Context: Shackleton, Worsley and Crean.

Context: The Drake Passage.

Context: name those three expeditions.

Context: which year did the first expedition mentioned above start?

Question: and the second expedition?

Answer: 1907.

Explanation: During the "Nimrod" expedition of 1907–1909,

Ernest Shackleton [SEP] Introduction


Question: bahrain is famous for its oil and what else

Answer: Modern Arab culture and the archaeological legacy of five thousand years of civilization

Bahrain [SEP] Tourism

As a tourist destination, Bahrain received over eight million visitors in 2008. Most of these are from the surrounding Arab states although an increasing number hail from outside the region due to growing awareness of the kingdom's heritage and its higher profile as a result of the Bahrain International F1 Circuit. The kingdom combines modern Arab culture and the archaeological legacy of five thousand years of civilisation. The island is home to forts including Qalat Al Bahrain which has been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The Bahrain National Museum has artefacts from the country's history dating back to the island's first human inhabitants some 9000 years ago and the Beit Al Quran (Arabic: بيت القرآن, meaning: the House of Qur'an) is a museum that holds Islamic artefacts of the Qur'an.


Context: bahrain is famous for its oil and what else

Context: Modern Arab culture and the archaeological legacy of five thousand years of civilization

Question: where is this place located?

Answer: In the Persian Gulf between the Qatari peninsula and the north eastern coast of Saudi Arabia

Bahrain [SEP] Introduction

Bahrain (; ' ), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain ( '), is a sovereign state in the Persian Gulf. The island nation comprises a small archipelago made up of 40 natural islands and an additional 51 artificial islands, centered around Bahrain Island which makes up around 83 percent of the country's landmass. The country is situated between the Qatari peninsula and the north eastern coast of Saudi Arabia, to which it is connected by the King Fahd Causeway. According to the 2010 census, Bahrain's population is over 1.2 million, of which around half are non-nationals. At in size, it is the third-smallest nation in Asia after the Maldives and Singapore.


Context: where is this place located?

Context: In the Persian Gulf between the Qatari peninsula and the north eastern coast of Saudi Arabia

Question: was there any dynasty present in this last place that you have mentioned just now?

Answer: Yes. Saud dynasty

Saudi Arabia [SEP] Foundation of the Saud dynasty

The emergence of what was to become the Saudi royal family, known as the Al Saud, began in Nejd in central Arabia in 1744, when Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the dynasty, joined forces with the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, founder of the Wahhabi movement, a strict puritanical form of Sunni Islam. This alliance formed in the 18th century provided the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion and remains the basis of Saudi Arabian dynastic rule today. The first "Saudi state" established in 1744 in the area around Riyadh, rapidly expanded and briefly controlled most of the present-day territory of Saudi Arabia, sacking Karbala in 1802 and capturing Mecca in 1803, but was destroyed by 1818 by the Ottoman viceroy of Egypt, Mohammed Ali Pasha.


Context: where is this place located?

Context: was there any dynasty present in this last place that you have mentioned just now?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Question: who established it?

Answer: Muhammad bin Saud


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Question: when/

Answer: 1744

Explanation: The emergence of what was to become the Saudi royal family, known as the Al Saud, began in Nejd in central Arabia in 1744, when Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the dynasty, joined forces with the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, founder of the Wahhabi movement, a strict puritanical form of Sunni Islam. This alliance formed in the 18th century provided the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion and remains the basis of Saudi Arabian dynastic rule today.


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Question: with whom did this mention person form an alliance?

Answer: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Explanation: The emergence of what was to become the Saudi royal family, known as the Al Saud, began in Nejd in central Arabia in 1744, when Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the dynasty, joined forces with the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab,


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: with whom did this mention person form an alliance?

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Question: what was the reason behind it?

Answer: To provide the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion

Explanation: This alliance formed in the 18th century provided the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion and remains the basis of Saudi Arabian dynastic rule today.


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Context: what was the reason behind it?

Context: To provide the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion

Question: this second person you mentioned, was he a preacher?

Answer: Yes. He was a religious leader, Islamic scholar and theologian

Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab [SEP] Introduction

Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab (; ; 1703 – 22 June 1792) was a religious leader, Islamic scholar and theologian from Najd in central Arabia, founder of the Islamic doctrine and movement known as Wahhabism. Born to a family of jurists, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's early education consisted of learning a fairly standard curriculum of orthodox jurisprudence according to the Hanbali school of Islamic law, which was the school most prevalent in his area of birth. Despite his initial rudimentary training in classical Sunni Muslim tradition, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab gradually became opposed to many of the most popular Sunni practices such as the visitation to and veneration of the shrines and tombs of Muslim saints, which he felt amounted to heretical religious innovation or even idolatry.


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Context: what was the reason behind it?

Context: this second person you mentioned, was he a preacher?

Context: Yes. He was a religious leader, Islamic scholar and theologian

Question: how is he recognized?

Answer: The national mosque of Qatar, the "Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque" is named after him,

Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab [SEP] Contemporary recognition

The national mosque of Qatar is named after him. The "Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque" was opened in 2011, with the Emir of Qatar presiding over the occasion. The mosque can hold a congregation of 30,000 people. In 2017 there has been a request published on the Saudi Arabian newspaper "Okaz" signed by 200 descendants of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab that the name of the mosque be changed, because according to their statement "it does not carry its true Salafi path", even though most Qataris adhere to Wahhabism. Despite Wahhabi destruction of many Islamic, cultural, and historical sites associated with the early history of Islam and the first generation of Muslims (Muhammad's family and his companions), the Saudi government undertook a large-scale development of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab's domain, Diriyah, turning it into a major tourist attraction.


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Context: what was the reason behind it?

Context: how is he recognized?

Context: The national mosque of Qatar, the "Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque" is named after him,

Question: why is this last mentioned mosque controversial?

Answer: In 2012, the mosque banned children from entering the mosque during "tarawih" prayers in the month of Ramadhan

Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque [SEP] Controversy

In 2012, the mosque banned children from entering the mosque during "tarawih" prayers in the month of Ramadhan. This resulted in parents arguing with security staff. A female worshiper accompanying a toddler complained that they were turned away from sunset prayers (when the mosque was fairly empty). When she protested, she was offered a prayer rug and shown to a corner near the ablution room, but was still not allowed to go upstairs to pray. Male worshipers had similar complaints. In 2013 the ban was reinstated, causing further outrage among mosque attendees.


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Context: what was the reason behind it?

Context: how is he recognized?

Context: why is this last mentioned mosque controversial?

Context: In 2012, the mosque banned children from entering the mosque during "tarawih" prayers in the month of Ramadhan

Question: what is meant by this term within inverted commas?

Answer: Tarawih refers to additional ritual prayers performed by Muslims at night after the Isha prayer during the holy month of Ramadan

Tarawih [SEP] Introduction

Tarawih (, literally "rest and relaxation", a term introduced later and actually called "Qiyam al-Layl" and "Tahajjud" in Qur'an and Sahih Hadith) refers to additional ritual prayers performed by Muslims at night after the Isha prayer during the holy month of Ramadan. It may involve reading one "Juz'" (Arabic: جُزْء, i.e. a section of the Quran 1/30 its length, which generally takes somewhere between 20–60 minutes), and usually is 8 or 10 "raka'at", lasting well over an hour in total. According to some scholars, one performs 20 rakats. Unlike the five daily salat ritual prayers which are fard (obligatory) under Islamic law, tarawih is from the sunnah (recommended or lit.


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Context: what was the reason behind it?

Context: how is he recognized?

Context: what is meant by this term within inverted commas?

Context: Tarawih refers to additional ritual prayers performed by Muslims at night after the Isha prayer during the holy month of Ramadan

Question: from where did this last term originate?

Answer: It derives from the Arabic root "R-M-Ḍ" "scorching heat"

Ramadan [SEP] Etymology

The word "Ramadan" derives from the Arabic root "R-M-Ḍ" () "scorching heat". Ramadan is one of the names of God in Islam, and as such it is reported in many hadiths that it is prohibited to say only "Ramadan" in reference to the calendar month and that it is necessary to say "month of Ramadan", as reported in Sunni, Shia and Zaydi sources. In the Persian language, the Arabic letter ض ("Ḍād") is pronounced as /z/. Some Muslim countries with historical Persian influence, such as Azerbaijan, Iran, India, Pakistan and Turkey, use the word "Ramazan" or "Ramzan". The word "Romjan" is used in Bangladesh.


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Context: what was the reason behind it?

Context: how is he recognized?

Context: from where did this last term originate?

Context: It derives from the Arabic root "R-M-Ḍ" "scorching heat"

Question: when does it start?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Ramadan [SEP] Beginning

Because "Hilāl", the crescent moon, typically occurs approximately one day after the new moon, Muslims can usually estimate the beginning of Ramadan; however, many prefer to confirm the opening of Ramadan by direct visual observation of the crescent.


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Context: what was the reason behind it?

Context: how is he recognized?

Context: when does it start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you tell me what is it exactly?

Answer: It is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting, prayer, reflection and community

Ramadan [SEP] Introduction

Ramadan ( ), also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan or Ramathan, is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting ("sawm"), prayer, reflection and community. A commemoration of Muhammad's first revelation, the annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the crescent moon to the next. Fasting from sunrise to sunset is "fard" (obligatory) for all adult Muslims who are not acutely or chronically ill, travelling, elderly, breastfeeding, diabetic, or menstruating. The predawn meal is referred to as "suhur", and the nightly feast that breaks the fast is called "iftar".


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Context: what was the reason behind it?

Context: how is he recognized?

Context: when does it start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you tell me what is it exactly?

Context: It is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting, prayer, reflection and community

Question: how is it related to polar regions?

Answer: In polar regions, the period between dawn and sunset may exceed twenty-two hours in summer so some Muslims follow the fasting schedule observed in the nearest city that experiences sunrise and sunset, while others follow Mecca time

Ramadan [SEP] Ramadan in polar regions

The length of the dawn to sunset time varies in different parts of the world according to summer or winter solstices of the Sun. Most Muslims fast for eleven to sixteen hours during Ramadan. However, in polar regions, the period between dawn and sunset may exceed twenty-two hours in summer. For example, in 2014, Muslims in Reykjavik, Iceland, and Trondheim, Norway, fasted almost twenty-two hours, while Muslims in Sydney, Australia, fasted for only about eleven hours. In areas characterized by continuous night or day, some Muslims follow the fasting schedule observed in the nearest city that experiences sunrise and sunset, while others follow Mecca time.


Context: where is this place located?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Context: what was the reason behind it?

Context: how is he recognized?

Context: when does it start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you tell me what is it exactly?

Context: how is it related to polar regions?

Context: In polar regions, the period between dawn and sunset may exceed twenty-two hours in summer so some Muslims follow the fasting schedule observed in the nearest city that experiences sunrise and sunset, while others follow Mecca time

Question: is any kind of crime done during this period?

Answer: The correlation of Ramadan with crime rates is mixed

Ramadan [SEP] Crime rates

The correlation of Ramadan with crime rates is mixed: some statistics show that crime rates drop during Ramadan, while others show that it increases. Decreases in crime rates have been reported by the police in some cities in Turkey (Istanbul and Konya) and the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A 2005 study found that there was a decrease in assault, robbery and alcohol-related crimes during Ramadan in Saudi Arabia, but only the decrease in alcohol-related crimes was statistically significant. Increases in crime rates during Ramadan have been reported in Turkey, Jakarta, parts of Algeria, Yemen and Egypt. Various mechanisms have been proposed for the effect of Ramadan on crime:


Context: bahrain is famous for its oil and what else

Context: Modern Arab culture and the archaeological legacy of five thousand years of civilization

Context: where is this place located?

Context: In the Persian Gulf between the Qatari peninsula and the north eastern coast of Saudi Arabia

Context: was there any dynasty present in this last place that you have mentioned just now?

Context: Yes. Saud dynasty

Context: who established it?

Context: Muhammad bin Saud

Context: when/

Context: with whom did this mention person form an alliance?

Context: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Context: what was the reason behind it?

Context: To provide the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion

Context: this second person you mentioned, was he a preacher?

Context: Yes. He was a religious leader, Islamic scholar and theologian

Context: how is he recognized?

Context: The national mosque of Qatar, the "Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque" is named after him,

Context: why is this last mentioned mosque controversial?

Context: In 2012, the mosque banned children from entering the mosque during "tarawih" prayers in the month of Ramadhan

Context: what is meant by this term within inverted commas?

Context: Tarawih refers to additional ritual prayers performed by Muslims at night after the Isha prayer during the holy month of Ramadan

Context: from where did this last term originate?

Context: It derives from the Arabic root "R-M-Ḍ" "scorching heat"

Context: when does it start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you tell me what is it exactly?

Context: It is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting, prayer, reflection and community

Context: how is it related to polar regions?

Context: In polar regions, the period between dawn and sunset may exceed twenty-two hours in summer so some Muslims follow the fasting schedule observed in the nearest city that experiences sunrise and sunset, while others follow Mecca time

Context: is any kind of crime done during this period?

Context: The correlation of Ramadan with crime rates is mixed

Question: can you state any architectural feature of the mosque we were talking about?

Answer: It is built in traditional Arab style with modern features

Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque [SEP] Architecture

The mosque is built in traditional Arab style with modern features. The mosque covers a total area of 175,164 sq.m. As many as 11,000 men can offer prayers in the air-conditioned central hall of the mosque and the adjacent special enclosure is spacious enough for 1200 women. There are three main doors and 17 side entrances to the mosque. As many as 28 large domes cover the central hall while 65 domes cover the outer quadrangle. On the whole the mosque can hold a congregation of 30,000 people.