Context: Titan orbits Saturn

Context: when was this moon discovered?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Christiaan Huygens

Context: which planet does this moon belong to?

Context: Saturn

Question: can you tell me one physical characteristic of this planet?

Answer: It lacks a definite surface, though it may have a solid core.

Saturn [SEP] Physical characteristics

Saturn is a gas giant because it is predominantly composed of hydrogen and helium. It lacks a definite surface, though it may have a solid core. Saturn's rotation causes it to have the shape of an oblate spheroid; that is, it is flattened at the poles and bulges at its equator. Its equatorial and polar radii differ by almost 10%: 60,268 km versus 54,364 km. Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune, the other giant planets in the Solar System, are also oblate but to a lesser extent. The combination of the bulge and rotation rate means that the effective surface gravity along the equator, , is 74% that at the poles and is lower than the surface gravity of Earth.


Context: where is titan located in the solar system

Context: Titan orbits Saturn

Context: when was this moon discovered?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Christiaan Huygens

Context: which planet does this moon belong to?

Context: Saturn

Context: can you tell me one physical characteristic of this planet?

Context: It lacks a definite surface, though it may have a solid core.

Question: how many rings does this planet have?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Saturn [SEP] Physical characteristics


Context: Titan orbits Saturn

Context: when was this moon discovered?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Christiaan Huygens

Context: which planet does this moon belong to?

Context: Saturn

Context: how many rings does this planet have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did any ancients observe this planet?

Answer: Yes, Babylonian astronomers observed and recorded the movements of Saturn.

Saturn [SEP] Ancient observations

Saturn has been known since prehistoric times, and in early recorded history it was a major character in various mythologies. Babylonian astronomers systematically observed and recorded the movements of Saturn. In ancient Greek, the planet was known as Phainon, and in Roman times it was known as the "star of Saturn". In ancient Roman mythology, the planet Phainon was sacred to this agricultural god, from which the planet takes its modern name. The Romans considered the god Saturnus the equivalent of the Greek god Cronus; in modern Greek, the planet retains the name "Cronus"—: "Kronos". The Greek scientist Ptolemy based his calculations of Saturn's orbit on observations he made while it was in opposition.


Context: Titan orbits Saturn

Context: when was this moon discovered?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Christiaan Huygens

Context: which planet does this moon belong to?

Context: Saturn

Context: how many rings does this planet have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did any ancients observe this planet?

Context: Yes, Babylonian astronomers observed and recorded the movements of Saturn.

Question: where was the discoverer of the moon from?

Answer: The Hague

Christiaan Huygens [SEP] Early life

Christiaan Huygens was born on 14 April 1629 in The Hague, into a rich and influential Dutch family, the second son of Constantijn Huygens. Christiaan was named after his paternal grandfather. His mother was Suzanna van Baerle. She died in 1637, shortly after the birth of Huygens' sister. The couple had five children: Constantijn (1628), Christiaan (1629), Lodewijk (1631), Philips (1632) and Suzanna (1637). Constantijn Huygens was a diplomat and advisor to the House of Orange, and also a poet and musician. His friends included Galileo Galilei, Marin Mersenne and René Descartes. Huygens was educated at home until turning sixteen years old.


Context: Titan orbits Saturn

Context: when was this moon discovered?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Christiaan Huygens

Context: which planet does this moon belong to?

Context: Saturn

Context: how many rings does this planet have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did any ancients observe this planet?

Context: where was the discoverer of the moon from?

Context: The Hague

Question: what did he make his debut with?

Answer: "Theoremata de quadratura" in the field of quadrature

Christiaan Huygens [SEP] Scientific debut

Huygens was often slow to publish his results and discoveries. In the early days his mentor Frans van Schooten was cautious for the sake of his reputation. The first work Huygens put in print was "Theoremata de quadratura" (1651) in the field of quadrature. It included material discussed with Mersenne some years before, such as the fallacious nature of the squaring of the circle by Grégoire de Saint-Vincent. His preferred methods were those of Archimedes and Fermat. Quadrature was a live issue in the 1650s, and through Mylon, Huygens intervened in the discussion of the mathematics of Thomas Hobbes. Persisting in trying to explain the errors Hobbes had fallen into, he made an international reputation.


Context: Titan orbits Saturn

Context: when was this moon discovered?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Christiaan Huygens

Context: which planet does this moon belong to?

Context: Saturn

Context: how many rings does this planet have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did any ancients observe this planet?

Context: The Hague

Context: what did he make his debut with?

Context: "Theoremata de quadratura" in the field of quadrature

Question: what is the climate like on the moon?

Answer: Water ice has an extremely low vapor pressure, so the little water vapor present appears limited to the stratosphere.

Titan (moon) [SEP] Climate

Titan's surface temperature is about . At this temperature, water ice has an extremely low vapor pressure, so the little water vapor present appears limited to the stratosphere. Titan receives about 1% as much sunlight as Earth. Before sunlight reaches the surface, about 90% has been absorbed by the thick atmosphere, leaving only 0.1% of the amount of light Earth receives. Atmospheric methane creates a greenhouse effect on Titan's surface, without which Titan would be far colder. Conversely, haze in Titan's atmosphere contributes to an anti-greenhouse effect by reflecting sunlight back into space, cancelling a portion of the greenhouse effect and making its surface significantly colder than its upper atmosphere.


Context: Titan orbits Saturn

Context: when was this moon discovered?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Christiaan Huygens

Context: which planet does this moon belong to?

Context: Saturn

Context: how many rings does this planet have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did any ancients observe this planet?

Context: The Hague

Context: what did he make his debut with?

Context: what is the climate like on the moon?

Context: Water ice has an extremely low vapor pressure, so the little water vapor present appears limited to the stratosphere.

Question: did the moon also have lakes?

Answer: Yes

Titan (moon) [SEP] Lakes

Near Titan's south pole, an enigmatic dark feature named Ontario Lacus was identified (and later confirmed to be a lake). A possible shoreline was also identified near the pole via radar imagery. Following a flyby on July 22, 2006, in which the "Cassini" spacecraft's radar imaged the northern latitudes (that were then in winter), several large, smooth (and thus dark to radar) patches were seen dotting the surface near the pole. Based on the observations, scientists announced "definitive evidence of lakes filled with methane on Saturn's moon Titan" in January 2007. The "Cassini–Huygens" team concluded that the imaged features are almost certainly the long-sought hydrocarbon lakes, the first stable bodies of surface liquid found outside Earth.


Context: Titan orbits Saturn

Context: when was this moon discovered?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Christiaan Huygens

Context: which planet does this moon belong to?

Context: Saturn

Context: how many rings does this planet have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did any ancients observe this planet?

Context: The Hague

Context: what did he make his debut with?

Context: what is the climate like on the moon?

Context: did the moon also have lakes?

Context: Yes

Question: did anyone try to explore this moon?

Answer: Yes, "Pioneer 11"  and the two "Voyagers"

Titan (moon) [SEP] Observation and exploration

In 1944 Gerard P. Kuiper used a spectroscopic technique to detect an atmosphere of methane. The first probe to visit the Saturnian system was "Pioneer 11" in 1979, which revealed that Titan was probably too cold to support life. It took images of Titan, including Titan and Saturn together in mid to late 1979. The quality was soon surpassed by the two "Voyagers".


Context: Titan orbits Saturn

Context: when was this moon discovered?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Christiaan Huygens

Context: which planet does this moon belong to?

Context: Saturn

Context: how many rings does this planet have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did any ancients observe this planet?

Context: The Hague

Context: what did he make his debut with?

Context: what is the climate like on the moon?

Context: did the moon also have lakes?

Context: Yes

Context: did anyone try to explore this moon?

Context: Yes, "Pioneer 11"  and the two "Voyagers"

Question: what is the former one?

Answer: A robotic space probe

Pioneer 11 [SEP] Introduction

Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a robotic space probe launched by NASA on April 6, 1973 to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, solar wind and cosmic rays. It was the first probe to encounter Saturn and the second to fly through the asteroid belt and by Jupiter. Thereafter, "Pioneer 11" became the second of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity that will allow them to leave the Solar System. Due to power constraints and the vast distance to the probe, the last routine contact with the spacecraft was on September 30, 1995, and the last good engineering data was received on November 24, 1995.


Context: Titan orbits Saturn

Context: when was this moon discovered?

Context: and by whom?

Context: Christiaan Huygens

Context: which planet does this moon belong to?

Context: Saturn

Context: how many rings does this planet have?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did any ancients observe this planet?

Context: The Hague

Context: what did he make his debut with?

Context: what is the climate like on the moon?

Context: did the moon also have lakes?

Context: Yes

Context: did anyone try to explore this moon?

Context: what is the former one?

Context: A robotic space probe

Question: did it have any encounters?

Answer: Yes, passed by Saturn at a distance of 21,000 km from Saturn's cloud tops.

Explanation: "Pioneer 11" passed by Saturn on September 1, 1979, at a distance of 21,000 km from Saturn's cloud tops.

Pioneer 11 [SEP] Saturn encounter

"Pioneer 11" encountered Janus on September 1, 1979 at 14:52 UTC at a distance of 2500 km and Mimas at 16:20 UTC the same day at 103000 km.


Question: who wrote parallel lives of greek and roman mythic and historic figures

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Greek mythology [SEP] Introduction

Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks and a genre of Ancient Greek folklore. These stories concern the origin and the nature of the world, the lives and activities of deities, heroes, and mythological creatures, and the origins and significance of the ancient Greeks' own cult and ritual practices. Modern scholars study the myths in an attempt to shed light on the religious and political institutions of ancient Greece and its civilization and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself. The Greek myths were initially propagated in an oral-poetic tradition most likely by Minoan and Mycenaean singers starting in the 18th century BC; eventually the myths of the heroes of the Trojan War and its aftermath became part of the oral tradition of Homer's epic poems, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey".


Context: who wrote parallel lives of greek and roman mythic and historic figures

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what literary sources depicted this  greek mythology?

Answer: Among the earliest literary sources are Homer's two epic poems, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey".

Explanation: Among the earliest literary sources are Homer's two epic poems, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey".

Greek mythology [SEP] Literary sources

The comic playwright Aristophanes also used myths, in "The Birds" and "The Frogs". Historians Herodotus and Diodorus Siculus, and geographers Pausanias and Strabo, who traveled throughout the Greek world and noted the stories they heard, supplied numerous local myths and legends, often giving little-known alternative versions. Herodotus in particular, searched the various traditions presented him and found the historical or mythological roots in the confrontation between Greece and the East. Herodotus attempted to reconcile origins and the blending of differing cultural concepts.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what literary sources depicted this  greek mythology?

Context: Among the earliest literary sources are Homer's two epic poems, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey".

Question: what about archaeological sources?

Answer: The discovery of the Mycenaean civilization by the German amateur archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in the nineteenth century  and Minoan civilization  provided archaeological evidence

Greek mythology [SEP] Archaeological sources

The discovery of the Mycenaean civilization by the German amateur archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in the nineteenth century, and the discovery of the Minoan civilization in Crete by the British archaeologist Arthur Evans in the twentieth century, helped to explain many existing questions about Homer's epics and provided archaeological evidence for many of the mythological details about gods and heroes. Unfortunately, the evidence about myths and rituals at Mycenaean and Minoan sites is entirely monumental, as the Linear B script (an ancient form of Greek found in both Crete and mainland Greece) was used mainly to record inventories, although certain names of gods and heroes have been tentatively identified.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: The discovery of the Mycenaean civilization by the German amateur archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in the nineteenth century  and Minoan civilization  provided archaeological evidence

Question: what was the time span of the second civilization you just mentioned?

Answer: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Minoan civilization [SEP] Introduction

The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age Aegean civilization on the island of Crete and other Aegean Islands, flourishing from c. 3000 BC to c. 1450 BC until a late period of decline, finally ending around 1100 BC. It represents the first advanced civilization in Europe, leaving behind massive building complexes, tools, artwork, writing systems, and a massive network of trade. The civilization was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans. The name "Minoan" derives from the mythical King Minos and was coined by Evans, who identified the site at Knossos with the labyrinth and the Minotaur.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: what was the time span of the second civilization you just mentioned?

Context: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Question: what is the name of this civilization refers to?

Answer: The term "Minoan" refers to the mythical King Minos of Knossos.

Minoan civilization [SEP] Etymology

The term "Minoan" refers to the mythical King Minos of Knossos. Its origin is debated, but it is commonly attributed to archeologist Arthur Evans (1851–1941). Minos was associated in Greek mythology with the labyrinth. However, Karl Hoeck had already used the title "Das Minoische Kreta" in 1825 for volume two of his "Kreta"; this appears to be the first known use of the word "Minoan" to mean "ancient Cretan". Evans probably read Hoeck's book, and continued using the term in his writings and findings: "To this early civilization of Crete as a whole I have proposed—and the suggestion has been generally adopted by the archaeologists of this and other countries—to apply the name 'Minoan'." Evans said that he applied it, not invented it.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Context: what is the name of this civilization refers to?

Context: The term "Minoan" refers to the mythical King Minos of Knossos.

Question: how can you describe about the life of women at that time?

Answer: Almost all information available about Minoan women is from various art forms. Within paintings women were also portrayed as caretakers of children, however few frescoes portray pregnant women

Minoan civilization [SEP] Minoan women

Evidence for these different classes of women not only comes from fresco paintings but from Linear B tablets as well. Elite women were depicted within paintings as having a stature twice the size of women in lower classes: artistically this was a way of emphasizing the important difference between the elite wealthy women and the rest of the female population within society. Within paintings women were also portrayed as caretakers of children, however few frescoes portray pregnant women, most artistic representations of pregnant women are in the form of sculpted pots with the rounded base of the pots representing the pregnant belly.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Context: how can you describe about the life of women at that time?

Context: Almost all information available about Minoan women is from various art forms. Within paintings women were also portrayed as caretakers of children, however few frescoes portray pregnant women

Question: what was the language spoken by the people of that time?

Answer: Minoan language

Explanation: "Minoan".

Minoan civilization [SEP] Language and writing

Several writing systems dating from the Minoan period have been unearthed in Crete, the majority of which are currently undeciphered. The most well-known script is Linear A, dated to between 2500 BC and 1450 BC. Linear A is the parent of the related Linear B script, which encodes the earliest known form of Greek. Several attempts to translate Linear A have been made, but consensus is lacking and Linear A is currently considered undeciphered. The language encoded by Linear A is tentatively dubbed "Minoan". When the values of the symbols in Linear B are used in Linear A, they produce unintelligible words, and would make Minoan unrelated to any other known language.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Context: what was the language spoken by the people of that time?

Context: Minoan language

Question: what was their religious belief?

Answer: The Minoans seem to have prominently worshiped a Great Goddess, which had previously led to the belief that their society was matriarchal.  The Minoan pantheon featured many deities, among which a young, spear-wielding male god is also prominent.

Minoan civilization [SEP] Religion

The Minoans seem to have prominently worshiped a Great Goddess, which had previously led to the belief that their society was matriarchal. However it is now known that this was not the case; the Minoan pantheon featured many deities, among which a young, spear-wielding male god is also prominent. Some scholars see in the Minoan Goddess a female divine solar figure. Although some depictions of women may be images of worshipers and priestesses officiating at religious ceremonies (as opposed to deities), goddesses seem to include a mother goddess of fertility, a goddess of animals and female protectors of cities, the household, the harvest and the underworld.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Context: Minoan language

Context: what was their religious belief?

Context: The Minoans seem to have prominently worshiped a Great Goddess, which had previously led to the belief that their society was matriarchal.  The Minoan pantheon featured many deities, among which a young, spear-wielding male god is also prominent.

Question: can you name some palaces of that time which still exists?

Answer: The main older palaces are Knossos, Malia and Phaistos. These palaces were centers of government, administrative offices, shrines, workshops and storage spaces.

Minoan civilization [SEP] Palaces

The main older palaces are Knossos, Malia and Phaistos. Elements of the Middle Minoan palaces (at Knossos, Phaistos and Malia, for example) have precedents in Early Minoan construction styles. These include an indented western court and special treatment of the western façade. One example is the House on the Hill at Vasiliki, dated to the Early Minoan II period. The palaces were centers of government, administrative offices, shrines, workshops and storage spaces. The Middle Minoan palaces are characteristically aligned with their surrounding topography. The MM palace of Phaistos appears to align with Mount Ida and Knossos is aligned with Mount Juktas, both on a north–south axis.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Context: Minoan language

Context: what was their religious belief?

Context: can you name some palaces of that time which still exists?

Context: The main older palaces are Knossos, Malia and Phaistos. These palaces were centers of government, administrative offices, shrines, workshops and storage spaces.

Question: where is the above mentioned archaeologist from?

Answer: Neubukow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Explanation: Neubukow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Heinrich Schliemann [SEP] Childhood and youth

Schliemann was born January 6, 1822 Heinrich Schliemann in Neubukow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin (part of the German Confederation). His father, Ernst Schliemann, was a Lutheran minister. The family moved to Ankershagen in 1823 (today their home houses the Heinrich Schliemann Museum). Heinrich's father was a poor Pastor. His mother, Luise Therese Sophie Schliemann, died in 1831, when Heinrich was nine years old. After his mother's death, his father sent Heinrich to live with his uncle. When he was eleven years old, his father paid for him to enroll in the Gymnasium (grammar school) at Neustrelitz. Heinrich's later interest in history was initially encouraged by his father, who had schooled him in the tales of the Iliad and the Odyssey and had given him a copy of Ludwig Jerrer's "Illustrated History of the World" for Christmas in 1829.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Context: Minoan language

Context: what was their religious belief?

Context: where is the above mentioned archaeologist from?

Context: Neubukow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Question: what criticism did he face?

Answer: His excavations were condemned by later archaeologists as having destroyed the main layers of the real Troy.

Heinrich Schliemann [SEP] Criticism

Moreover, the finds were unique. The elaborate gold artifacts do not appear to belong to the Early Bronze Age. His excavations were condemned by later archaeologists as having destroyed the main layers of the real Troy. Kenneth W. Harl, in the Teaching Company's "Great Ancient Civilizations of Asia Minor" lecture series, sarcastically claimed that Schliemann's excavations were carried out with such rough methods that he did to Troy what the Greeks could not do in their times, destroying and levelling down the entire city walls to the ground. In 1972, Professor William Calder of the University of Colorado, speaking at a commemoration of Schliemann's birthday, claimed that he had uncovered several possible problems in Schliemann's work.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Context: Minoan language

Context: what was their religious belief?

Context: Neubukow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Context: what criticism did he face?

Context: His excavations were condemned by later archaeologists as having destroyed the main layers of the real Troy.

Question: how did he die?

Answer: He collapsed into a coma; he died in a Naples hotel room the following day; the cause of death was cholesteatoma.

Heinrich Schliemann [SEP] Death

On Christmas Day 1890, he collapsed into a coma; he died in a Naples hotel room the following day; the cause of death was cholesteatoma. His corpse was then transported by friends to the First Cemetery in Athens. It was interred in a mausoleum shaped like a temple erected in ancient Greek style, designed by Ernst Ziller in the form of an amphiprostylee temple on top of a tall base. The frieze circling the outside of the mausoleum shows Schliemann conducting the excavations at Mycenae and other sites. Schliemann's magnificent residence in the city centre of Athens, the "Iliou Melathron" (Ιλίου Μέλαθρον, "Palace of Ilium") houses today the Numismatic Museum of Athens.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Context: Minoan language

Context: what was their religious belief?

Context: Neubukow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Context: what criticism did he face?

Context: how did he die?

Context: He collapsed into a coma; he died in a Naples hotel room the following day; the cause of death was cholesteatoma.

Question: can you explain the meaning of the cause you just mentioned?

Answer: Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process.

Cholesteatoma [SEP] Introduction

Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process. Cholesteatomas are not cancerous as the name may suggest, but can cause significant problems because of their erosive and expansile properties. This can result in the destruction of the bones of the middle ear (ossicles), as well as growth through the base of the skull into the brain. They often become infected and can result in chronically draining ears. Treatment almost always consists of surgical removal.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Context: Minoan language

Context: what was their religious belief?

Context: Neubukow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Context: what criticism did he face?

Context: how did he die?

Context: can you explain the meaning of the cause you just mentioned?

Context: Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process.

Question: what are the indications of it?

Answer: The majority (98%) of people with cholesteatoma have ear discharge or conductive hearing loss, or both, in the affected ear.

Cholesteatoma [SEP] Signs and symptoms

The majority (98%) of people with cholesteatoma have ear discharge or conductive hearing loss, or both, in the affected ear. Other more common conditions (e.g. otitis externa) may also present with these symptoms, but cholesteatoma is much more serious and should not be overlooked. If a patient presents to a doctor with ear discharge and hearing loss, the doctor should consider cholesteatoma until the disease is definitely excluded. Other less common symptoms (all less than 15%) of cholesteatoma may include pain, balance disruption, tinnitus, earache, headaches and bleeding from the ear. There can also be facial nerve weakness. Balance symptoms in the presence of a cholesteatoma raise the possibility that the cholesteatoma is eroding the balance organs in the inner ear.


Context: who wrote parallel lives of greek and roman mythic and historic figures

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what literary sources depicted this  greek mythology?

Context: Among the earliest literary sources are Homer's two epic poems, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey".

Context: what about archaeological sources?

Context: The discovery of the Mycenaean civilization by the German amateur archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in the nineteenth century  and Minoan civilization  provided archaeological evidence

Context: what was the time span of the second civilization you just mentioned?

Context: 3000 BC to1100 BC.

Context: what is the name of this civilization refers to?

Context: The term "Minoan" refers to the mythical King Minos of Knossos.

Context: how can you describe about the life of women at that time?

Context: Almost all information available about Minoan women is from various art forms. Within paintings women were also portrayed as caretakers of children, however few frescoes portray pregnant women

Context: what was the language spoken by the people of that time?

Context: Minoan language

Context: what was their religious belief?

Context: The Minoans seem to have prominently worshiped a Great Goddess, which had previously led to the belief that their society was matriarchal.  The Minoan pantheon featured many deities, among which a young, spear-wielding male god is also prominent.

Context: can you name some palaces of that time which still exists?

Context: The main older palaces are Knossos, Malia and Phaistos. These palaces were centers of government, administrative offices, shrines, workshops and storage spaces.

Context: where is the above mentioned archaeologist from?

Context: Neubukow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Context: what criticism did he face?

Context: His excavations were condemned by later archaeologists as having destroyed the main layers of the real Troy.

Context: how did he die?

Context: He collapsed into a coma; he died in a Naples hotel room the following day; the cause of death was cholesteatoma.

Context: can you explain the meaning of the cause you just mentioned?

Context: Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process.

Context: what are the indications of it?

Context: The majority (98%) of people with cholesteatoma have ear discharge or conductive hearing loss, or both, in the affected ear.

Question: how this can be treated?

Answer: The standard treatment is to surgically remove the growth.

Cholesteatoma [SEP] Treatment

Cholesteatoma is a persistent disease. Once the diagnosis of cholesteatoma is made in a patient who can tolerate a general anesthetic, the standard treatment is to surgically remove the growth. The challenge of cholesteatoma surgery is to permanently remove the cholesteatoma whilst retaining or reconstructing the normal functions of the structures housed within the temporal bone. The general objective of cholesteatoma surgery has two parts. It is both directed against the underlying pathology and directed towards maintaining the normal functions of the temporal bone. These aims are conflicting and this makes cholesteatoma surgery extremely challenging.


Question: most of the u.s. is situated in which zone of prevailing surface winds

Answer: Northern temperate zone

Northern Hemisphere [SEP] Geography and climate

The Arctic is a region around the North Pole (90° latitude). Its climate is characterized by cold winters and cool summers. Precipitation mostly comes in the form of snow. Areas inside the Arctic Circle (66°34′ latitude) experience some days in summer when the Sun never sets, and some days during the winter when it never rises. The duration of these phases varies from one day for locations right on the Arctic Circle to several months near the Pole, which is the middle of the Northern Hemisphere. Between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer (23°26′ latitude) lies the Northern temperate zone.


Context: most of the u.s. is situated in which zone of prevailing surface winds

Context: Northern temperate zone

Question: how is nature affected because of this prevailing winds?

Answer: Insects are swept along by the prevailing winds, while birds follow their own course. In the Great Plains, wind erosion of agricultural land is mainly driven by the prevailing wind. Because of this, wind barrier strips have been developed to minimize this type of erosion.

Explanation: Insects are swept along by the prevailing winds, while birds follow their own course. As such, fine line patterns within weather radar imagery, associated with converging winds, are dominated by insect returns. In the Great Plains, wind erosion of agricultural land is a significant problem, and is mainly driven by the prevailing wind. Because of this, wind barrier strips have been developed to minimize this type of erosion. The strips can be in the form of soil ridges, crop strips, crops rows, or trees which act as wind breaks. They are oriented perpendicular to the wind in order to be most effective. In regions with minimal vegetation, such as coastal and desert areas, transverse sand dunes orient themselves perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, while longitudinal dunes orient themselves parallel to the prevailing winds.

Prevailing winds [SEP] Effect on nature


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: how is nature affected because of this prevailing winds?

Context: Insects are swept along by the prevailing winds, while birds follow their own course. In the Great Plains, wind erosion of agricultural land is mainly driven by the prevailing wind. Because of this, wind barrier strips have been developed to minimize this type of erosion.

Question: does it cause impact on trades?

Answer: Yes - the trade winds blow predominantly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere. The trade winds act as the steering flow for tropical cyclones that form over world's oceans, guiding their path westward.

Explanation: The trade winds (also called trades) are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics near the Earth's equator, equatorward of the subtropical ridge. These winds blow predominantly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere. The trade winds act as the steering flow for tropical cyclones that form over world's oceans, guiding their path westward. Trade winds also steer African dust westward across the Atlantic Ocean into the Caribbean sea, as well as portions of southeast North America.

Prevailing winds [SEP] Trades and their impact


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: Yes - the trade winds blow predominantly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere. The trade winds act as the steering flow for tropical cyclones that form over world's oceans, guiding their path westward.

Question: how is wind rose related to it?

Answer: It is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. It shows the frequency of winds blowing from particular directions.

Prevailing winds [SEP] Wind rose

A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a polar coordinate grid, the wind rose shows the frequency of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each spoke around the circle is related to the proportion of the time that the wind blows from each direction. Each concentric circle represents a different proportion, increasing outwards from zero at the center. A wind rose plot may contain additional information, in that each spoke is broken down into color-coded bands that show wind direction ranges.


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: how is wind rose related to it?

Context: It is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. It shows the frequency of winds blowing from particular directions.

Question: how is the speed of the wind measured?

Answer: Anemometer

Anemometer [SEP] Introduction

An anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed and direction. It is also a common weather station instrument. The term is derived from the Greek word "anemos", which means wind, and is used to describe any wind speed instrument used in meteorology. The first known description of an anemometer was given by Leon Battista Alberti in 1450.


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: how is wind rose related to it?

Context: how is the speed of the wind measured?

Context: Anemometer

Question: what does cup anemometer refer to?

Answer: A simple type of anemometer with four hemispherical cups mounted on horizontal arms, which were mounted on a vertical shaft.

Anemometer [SEP] Cup anemometers

A simple type of anemometer was invented in 1845 by Rev Dr John Thomas Romney Robinson, of Armagh Observatory. It consisted of four hemispherical cups mounted on horizontal arms, which were mounted on a vertical shaft. The air flow past the cups in any horizontal direction turned the shaft at a rate that was roughly proportional to the wind speed. Therefore, counting the turns of the shaft over a set time interval produced a value proportional to the average wind speed for a wide range of speeds. It is also called a rotational anemometer. On an anemometer with four cups, it is easy to see that since the cups are arranged symmetrically on the end of the arms, the wind always has the hollow of one cup presented to it and is blowing on the back of the cup on the opposite end of the cross.


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: how is wind rose related to it?

Context: how is the speed of the wind measured?

Context: Anemometer

Context: what does cup anemometer refer to?

Context: A simple type of anemometer with four hemispherical cups mounted on horizontal arms, which were mounted on a vertical shaft.

Question: what are ultrasonic anemometer for?

Answer: They measure wind speed based on the time of flight of sonic pulses between pairs of transducers. Ultrasonic anemometers can take measurements with very fine temporal resolution, 20 Hz or better, which makes them well suited for turbulence measurements.

Explanation: Ultrasonic anemometers, first developed in the 1950s, use ultrasonic sound waves to measure wind velocity. They measure wind speed based on the time of flight of sonic pulses between pairs of transducers. Measurements from pairs of transducers can be combined to yield a measurement of velocity in 1-, 2-, or 3-dimensional flow. The spatial resolution is given by the path length between transducers, which is typically 10 to 20 cm. Ultrasonic anemometers can take measurements with very fine temporal resolution, 20 Hz or better, which makes them well suited for turbulence measurements. The lack of moving parts makes them appropriate for long-term use in exposed automated weather stations and weather buoys where the accuracy and reliability of traditional cup-and-vane anemometers are adversely affected by salty air or dust. Their main disadvantage is the distortion of the air flow by the structure supporting the transducers, which requires a correction based upon wind tunnel measurements to

Anemometer [SEP] Ultrasonic anemometers


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: how is wind rose related to it?

Context: how is the speed of the wind measured?

Context: Anemometer

Context: what does cup anemometer refer to?

Context: what are ultrasonic anemometer for?

Context: They measure wind speed based on the time of flight of sonic pulses between pairs of transducers. Ultrasonic anemometers can take measurements with very fine temporal resolution, 20 Hz or better, which makes them well suited for turbulence measurements.

Question: where are these instruments placed to measure it?

Answer: In open rural terrain at a height of 10 meters.

Explanation: In order for wind speeds to be comparable from location to location, the effect of the terrain needs to be considered, especially in regard to height. Other considerations are the presence of trees, and both natural canyons and artificial canyons (urban buildings). The standard anemometer height in open rural terrain is 10 meters.

Anemometer [SEP] Instrument location


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: how is wind rose related to it?

Context: how is the speed of the wind measured?

Context: Anemometer

Context: what does cup anemometer refer to?

Context: what are ultrasonic anemometer for?

Context: where are these instruments placed to measure it?

Context: In open rural terrain at a height of 10 meters.

Question: how is its effect seen on icing?

Answer: Anemometry is also required in monitoring and controlling the operation of wind turbines, which in cold environments are prone to in-cloud icing. Icing alters the aerodynamics of an anemometer and may entirely block it from operating. Therefore, anemometers used in these applications must be internally heated.

Explanation: At airports, it is essential to have accurate wind data under all conditions, including freezing precipitation. Anemometry is also required in monitoring and controlling the operation of wind turbines, which in cold environments are prone to in-cloud icing. Icing alters the aerodynamics of an anemometer and may entirely block it from operating. Therefore, anemometers used in these applications must be internally heated. Both cup anemometers and sonic anemometers are presently available with heated versions.

Anemometer [SEP] Effect of icing


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: how is wind rose related to it?

Context: how is the speed of the wind measured?

Context: Anemometer

Context: what does cup anemometer refer to?

Context: what are ultrasonic anemometer for?

Context: how is its effect seen on icing?

Context: Anemometry is also required in monitoring and controlling the operation of wind turbines, which in cold environments are prone to in-cloud icing. Icing alters the aerodynamics of an anemometer and may entirely block it from operating. Therefore, anemometers used in these applications must be internally heated.

Question: who invented it?

Answer: Leon Battista Alberti

Anemometer [SEP] History

The anemometer has changed little since its development in the 15th century. Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472) is said to have invented the first mechanical anemometer around 1450. In following centuries, numerous others, including Robert Hooke (1635–1703), developed their own versions, with some being mistakenly credited as the inventor. In 1846, John Thomas Romney Robinson (1792–1882) improved upon the design by using four hemispherical cups and mechanical wheels. In 1926, Canadian meteorologist John Patterson (January 3, 1872 – February 22, 1956) developed a three-cup anemometer, which was improved by Brevoort and Joiner in 1935. In 1991, Derek Weston added the ability to measure wind direction.


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: how is wind rose related to it?

Context: how is the speed of the wind measured?

Context: Anemometer

Context: what does cup anemometer refer to?

Context: what are ultrasonic anemometer for?

Context: how is its effect seen on icing?

Context: who invented it?

Context: Leon Battista Alberti

Question: who was he?

Answer: An  Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer

Leon Battista Alberti [SEP] Introduction

Leon Battista Alberti (; February 14, 1404 – April 25, 1472) was an Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer; he epitomised the Renaissance Man. Although he is often characterized exclusively as an architect, as James Beck has observed, "to single out one of Leon Battista's 'fields' over others as somehow functionally independent and self-sufficient is of no help at all to any effort to characterize Alberti's extensive explorations in the fine arts." Although Alberti is known mostly for being an artist, he was also a mathematician of many sorts and made great advances to this field during the 15th century.


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: how is wind rose related to it?

Context: how is the speed of the wind measured?

Context: Anemometer

Context: what does cup anemometer refer to?

Context: what are ultrasonic anemometer for?

Context: how is its effect seen on icing?

Context: who invented it?

Context: Leon Battista Alberti

Context: who was he?

Context: An  Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer

Question: what were his works as an artist?

Answer: With the Florentine cosmographer Paolo Toscanelli he collaborated in astronomy, and produced a small Latin work on geography, "Descriptio urbis Romae" ("The Panorama of the City of Rome").

Leon Battista Alberti [SEP] Alberti as artist

Alberti planned to dedicate his treatise on architecture to his friend. Among Alberti's smaller studies, pioneering in their field, were a treatise in cryptography, "De componendis cifris", and the first Italian grammar. With the Florentine cosmographer Paolo Toscanelli he collaborated in astronomy, a close science to geography at that time, and produced a small Latin work on geography, "Descriptio urbis Romae" ("The Panorama of the City of Rome"). Just a few years before his death, Alberti completed "De iciarchia" ("On Ruling the Household"), a dialogue about Florence during the Medici rule. Alberti, having taken holy orders, remained unmarried all his life.


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: how is wind rose related to it?

Context: how is the speed of the wind measured?

Context: Anemometer

Context: what does cup anemometer refer to?

Context: what are ultrasonic anemometer for?

Context: how is its effect seen on icing?

Context: who invented it?

Context: Leon Battista Alberti

Context: who was he?

Context: what were his works as an artist?

Context: With the Florentine cosmographer Paolo Toscanelli he collaborated in astronomy, and produced a small Latin work on geography, "Descriptio urbis Romae" ("The Panorama of the City of Rome").

Question: what were his architectural constructions?

Answer: He was employed for the restoration of the Roman aqueduct of Acqua Vergine

Leon Battista Alberti [SEP] Architectural works

Alberti anticipated the principle of street hierarchy, with wide main streets connected to secondary streets, and buildings of equal height. In Rome he was employed by Pope Nicholas V for the restoration of the Roman aqueduct of Acqua Vergine, which debouched into a simple basin designed by Alberti, which was swept away later by the Baroque Trevi Fountain. Some studies propose that the Villa Medici in Fiesole might owe its design to Alberti, not to Michelozzo, and that it then became the prototype of the Renaissance villa. This hilltop dwelling, commissioned by Giovanni de' Medici, Cosimo il Vecchio's second son, with its view over the city, may be the very first example of a Renaissance villa: that is to say it follows the Albertian criteria for rendering a country dwelling a "villa suburbana".


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: how is wind rose related to it?

Context: how is the speed of the wind measured?

Context: Anemometer

Context: what does cup anemometer refer to?

Context: what are ultrasonic anemometer for?

Context: how is its effect seen on icing?

Context: who invented it?

Context: Leon Battista Alberti

Context: who was he?

Context: what were his works as an artist?

Context: what were his architectural constructions?

Context: He was employed for the restoration of the Roman aqueduct of Acqua Vergine

Question: were there any monuments to honor him?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Alberti did not concern himself with the practicalities of building, and very few of his major works were brought to completion. As a designer and a student of Vitruvius and of ancient Roman remains, he grasped the nature of column and lintel architecture, from the visual rather than structural viewpoint, and correctly employed the Classical orders, unlike his contemporary, Brunelleschi, who utilised the Classical column and pilaster in a free interpretation. Among Alberti's concerns was the social effect of architecture, and to this end he was very well aware of the cityscape. This is demonstrated by his inclusion, at the Rucellai Palace, of a continuous bench for seating at the level of the basement.


Context: Northern temperate zone

Context: does it cause impact on trades?

Context: how is wind rose related to it?

Context: how is the speed of the wind measured?

Context: Anemometer

Context: what does cup anemometer refer to?

Context: what are ultrasonic anemometer for?

Context: how is its effect seen on icing?

Context: who invented it?

Context: Leon Battista Alberti

Context: who was he?

Context: what were his works as an artist?

Context: were there any monuments to honor him?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what was his first major commission?

Answer: The facade of the Rucellai Palace in Florence.

Explanation: His first major architectural commission was in 1446 for the facade of the Rucellai Palace in Florence. This was followed in 1450 by a commission from Sigismondo Malatesta to transform the Gothic church of San Francesco in Rimini into a memorial chapel, the Tempio Malatestiano. In Florence, he designed the upper parts of the facade for the Dominican church of Santa Maria Novella, famously bridging the nave and lower aisles with two ornately inlaid scrolls, solving a visual problem and setting a precedent to be followed by architects of churches for four hundred years. In 1452, he completed "De re aedificatoria", a treatise on architecture, using as its basis the work of Vitruvius and influenced by the archaeological remains of Rome. The work was not published until 1485. It was followed in 1464 by his less influential work, "De statua", in which he examines sculpture. Alberti's only known sculpture is a self-portrait medallion, sometimes attributed to Pisanello.

Leon Battista Alberti [SEP] First major commission


Question: what is jaywick?

Answer: A coastal village

Jaywick [SEP] Introduction

Jaywick is a coastal village in the Tendring district of Essex, England, west of Clacton-on-Sea. It lies on the North Sea coast of England, from London and from Colchester. It was constructed in the 1930s as a holiday resort for Londoners, but over time has become one of the most deprived areas in the country. The land on which the village is built was originally fields and salt marsh and unsuitable for agriculture. It was purchased by the entrepreneur Frank Stedman in 1928 to build low cost, affordable holiday homes for working-class families, and became a popular holiday destination throughout the 1930s.


Context:
what is jaywick?
A coastal village

Question: what are some social issues here?

Answer: In September 2015 it was named as the most deprived, according to the indices of deprivation based on several factors including poverty, crime, education and skill levels, unemployment and housing

Jaywick [SEP] Social issues

According to the Citizens Advice Bureau, 40% of residents are unable to work due to a disability or long term illness. 60% of pupils at Frobisher Primary School, on the edge of the village, receive free school meals. A 2009 report found that four out of Eastern England's ten cheapest streets in which to buy property are in Jaywick, with property on Tamarisk Way selling for an average of £44,050. A 2013 report in "The Guardian" showed that bungalows were being sold on the Brooklands estate for around £20,000. In 2010 Jaywick was assessed as the most deprived area in England.


Context: what is jaywick?

Context: A coastal village

Context: what are some social issues here?

Context: In September 2015 it was named as the most deprived, according to the indices of deprivation based on several factors including poverty, crime, education and skill levels, unemployment and housing

Question: what is its location?

Answer: Tendring district of Essex, England, west of Clacton-on-Sea

Jaywick [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is jaywick?

Context: A coastal village

Context: what are some social issues here?

Context: what is its location?

Context: Tendring district of Essex, England, west of Clacton-on-Sea

Question: what are some amenities available in the last mentioned place?

Answer: Clacton has a pleasure pier, arcades, a golf course, caravan parks and an airfield, and has two theatres, the West Cliff Theatre and the Princes Theatre

Explanation:
Clacton has a pleasure pier, arcades, a golf course, caravan parks and an airfield. The town and its beaches are still popular with tourists in the summer and there is an annual entertainment programme including the Clacton Carnival, which starts on the second Saturday in August and lasts for a week. Clacton Airshow, an aerial display, takes place on the Thursday and Friday before the August Bank Holiday, with historic and modern aircraft such as the Lancaster, Spitfire, Hurricane, Harrier, Jaguar, Tornado, and helicopters. There are also wing-walkers and the Red Arrows.

Clacton has a shopping area with many of the usual national chains represented, and a Factory Shopping Village in the north of the town.

Clacton has two theatres, the West Cliff Theatre and the Princes Theatre. The West Cliff is one of the last theatres in the country to put on an old-style summer show.

Clacton-on-Sea [SEP] Amenities


Context: what is jaywick?

Context: A coastal village

Context: what are some social issues here?

Context: what is its location?

Context: what are some amenities available in the last mentioned place?

Context: Clacton has a pleasure pier, arcades, a golf course, caravan parks and an airfield, and has two theatres, the West Cliff Theatre and the Princes Theatre

Question: what is its history?

Answer: Clacton was repeatedly surveyed by the Army in the Napoleonic Wars as a possible invasion beach-head for Napoleon and his Dutch allies.

Clacton-on-Sea [SEP] History

No traces of substantial Roman settlement have been found at Clacton though there are several Roman villa sites nearby (e.g. Alresford, Wivenhoe, Brightlingsea). After the Anglo-Saxon migration and the foundation of the kingdom of Essex, a village called "Claccingtun" ("the village of Clacc's or Clacca's people") was established. No pre-Norman buildings survive today. The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as "Clachintuna". Clacton was repeatedly surveyed by the Army in the Napoleonic Wars as a possible invasion beach-head for Napoleon and his Dutch allies. There was a large army and militia camp where Holland-on-Sea now stands. In 1810 five Martello Towers were built to guard the beaches between Colne Point to the south and what is now Holland-on-Sea to the north of the town.


Context: what is jaywick?

Context: A coastal village

Context: what are some social issues here?

Context: what is its location?

Context: what is its history?

Context: Clacton was repeatedly surveyed by the Army in the Napoleonic Wars as a possible invasion beach-head for Napoleon and his Dutch allies.

Question: what are some notable people from here?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Clacton-on-Sea [SEP] History

Clacton was a site of the lower Palaeolithic Clactonian industry of flint tool manufacture. The "Clacton Spear", a wooden (yew) spear found at Clacton in 1911 and dated at 450,000 years ago, is the oldest such spear to have been found in Britain. There is plentiful archaeological evidence of scattered settlement in the area, including Beaker Folk traces at Point Clear to the south and round houses (as cropmarks) near the A133 extension from Weeley to the north. There may have been a pre-Roman (i.e. Celtic) settlement at Gt. Clacton and there were almost certainly scattered farmsteads as the important British Celtic settlement at Colchester was only about away.


Context: what is jaywick?

Context: A coastal village

Context: what are some social issues here?

Context: what is its location?

Context: what is its history?

Context: what are some notable people from here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is its climate like?

Answer: Clacton has an oceanic climate but with lower precipitation than most of the UK and Western Europe.

Clacton-on-Sea [SEP] Climate

Clacton has an oceanic climate (Köppen "Cfb") but with lower precipitation than most of the UK and Western Europe. This makes for pleasantly warm and relatively dry summers (which also enhances the towns popularity as a sea-side town), but also fairly chilly winter days. For the 1961–1990 observation period, Clacton averaged 103.7 days with at least 1mm of rain annually, and just 24.3 air frosts a year- comparable to south west coastal locations.


Context: what is jaywick?

Context: A coastal village

Context: what are some social issues here?

Context: what is its location?

Context: what is its history?

Context: what are some notable people from here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its climate like?

Context: Clacton has an oceanic climate but with lower precipitation than most of the UK and Western Europe.

Question: what is the cause behind this kind of climate?

Answer: Oceanic climates are a product and reflection of the ocean adjacent to coastal areas

Oceanic climate [SEP] The cause

Oceanic climates are not necessarily always found in coastal locations on the aforementioned parallels; however, in most cases oceanic climates parallel higher middle latitude oceans. The polar jet stream, which moves in a west to east direction across the middle latitudes, advances low pressure systems, storms, and fronts. In coastal areas of the higher middle latitudes (45–60° latitude), the prevailing onshore flow creates the basic structure of most oceanic climates. Oceanic climates are a product and reflection of the ocean adjacent to them. In the autumn, winter, and early spring, when the polar jet stream is most active, the frequent passing of marine weather systems creates the frequent fog, cloudy skies, and light drizzle often associated with oceanic climates.


Context: what is jaywick?

Context: A coastal village

Context: what are some social issues here?

Context: what is its location?

Context: what is its history?

Context: what are some notable people from here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its climate like?

Context: what is the cause behind this kind of climate?

Context: Oceanic climates are a product and reflection of the ocean adjacent to coastal areas

Question: which continents have this kind of climate?

Answer: Africa, Europe, The Americas

Oceanic climate [SEP] Africa

The only noteworthy area of Maritime Climate at or near sea-level within Africa is in South Africa from Mossel Bay on the Western Cape coast to Plettenberg Bay, with additional pockets of this climate inland of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal coast. It is usually warm most of the year with no pronounced rainy season, but slightly more rain in autumn and spring. The Tristan da Cunha archipelago in the South Atlantic also has an oceanic climate.


Context: what is jaywick?

Context: A coastal village

Context: what are some social issues here?

Context: what is its location?

Context: what is its history?

Context: what are some notable people from here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its climate like?

Context: which continents have this kind of climate?

Context: Africa, Europe, The Americas

Question: what is its subtropical highland variety?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Oceanic climate [SEP] Africa


Question: importance of fundamental rights and duties in the life of a citizen

Answer: It prescribes the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State.

Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India [SEP] Introduction

The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State. These sections comprise a constitutional bill of rights for government policy-making and the behaviour and conduct of citizens. These sections are considered vital elements of the constitution, which was developed between 1947 and 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of India. The "Fundamental Rights" are defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, applied irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed, or gender.


Context: importance of fundamental rights and duties in the life of a citizen

Context: It prescribes the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State.

Question: when was it stated for the citizens?

Answer: 1976

Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India [SEP] History of fundamental rights

The Directive Principles, which were also drafted by the sub-committee on Fundamental Rights, expounded the socialist precepts of the Indian independence movement, and were inspired by similar principles contained in the Irish Constitution. The Fundamental Duties were later added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.


Context: when was it stated for the citizens?

Question: which rights fall under this?

Answer: Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion,  Right to Education and Culture, Right to Constitutional Remedies.

Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India [SEP] Directive Principles of State Policy

Despite being non-justiciable, the Directive Principles act as a check on the state; theorised as a yardstick in the hands of the electorate and the opposition to measure the performance of a government at the time of an election. Article 37, while stating that the Directive Principles are not enforceable in any court of law, declares them to be "fundamental to the governance of the country" and imposes an obligation on the State to apply them in matters of legislation. Thus, they serve to emphasise the welfare state model of the Constitution and emphasise the positive duty of the state to promote the welfare of the people by affirming social, economic and political justice, as well as to fight income inequality and ensure individual dignity, as mandated Article 39 lays down certain principles of policy to be followed by the State, including providing an adequate means of livelihood for all citizens, equal pay for equal work for men and women, proper working conditions, reduction of the concentration of wealth and means of production from the hands of a few, and distribution of community resources to "subserve the common good".


Context: when was it stated for the citizens?

Context: which rights fall under this?

Context: Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion,  Right to Education and Culture, Right to Constitutional Remedies.

Question: what is meant by the second right?

Answer: It lays down certain provisions to prevent exploitation of the weaker sections of the society by individuals or the State.

Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India [SEP] Right against Exploitation

The Right against exploitation contained in Articles 23–24, lays down certain provisions to prevent exploitation of the weaker sections of the society by individuals or the State. Article 23 prohibits human trafficking, making it an offence punishable by law, and also prohibits forced labour or any act of compelling a person to work without wages where he was legally entitled not to work or to receive remuneration for it. However, it permits the State to impose compulsory service for public purposes, including conscription and community service. The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976, has been enacted by Parliament to give effect to this Article.


Context: when was it stated for the citizens?

Context: which rights fall under this?

Context: what is meant by the second right?

Context: It lays down certain provisions to prevent exploitation of the weaker sections of the society by individuals or the State.

Question: is it punishable if you breach it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: when was it stated for the citizens?

Context: which rights fall under this?

Context: what is meant by the second right?

Context: is it punishable if you breach it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what do the last right refers to?

Answer: It empowers citizens to approach the Supreme Court of India to seek enforcement, or protection against infringement, of their Fundamental Rights.

Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India [SEP] Right to Constitutional Remedies

The Right to Constitutional Remedies empowers citizens to approach the Supreme Court of India to seek enforcement, or protection against infringement, of their Fundamental Rights. Right to privacy Right to privacy is the latest right of our country being recently approved by the supreme court of Iindia. According to this right we are liable to keep our material private and without our permission no one can interfere in our private matter.it applies to all our private material also.


Context: when was it stated for the citizens?

Context: which rights fall under this?

Context: what is meant by the second right?

Context: is it punishable if you breach it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what do the last right refers to?

Context: It empowers citizens to approach the Supreme Court of India to seek enforcement, or protection against infringement, of their Fundamental Rights.

Question: what is meant by the directive principles?

Answer: They are directions given to the state to guide the establishment of an economic and social democracy, as proposed by the Preamble.

Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India

The Directive Principles of State Policy, embodied in Part IV of the Constitution, are directions given to the state to guide the establishment of an economic and social democracy, as proposed by the Preamble. They set forth the humanitarian and socialist instructions that were the aim of social revolution envisaged in India by the Constituent Assembly. The state is expected to keep these principles in mind while framing laws and policies, even though they are non-justiciable in nature. The Directive Principles may be classified under the following categories: ideals that the state ought to strive towards achieving; directions for the exercise of legislative and executive power; and rights of the citizens which the State must aim towards securing.


Context: when was it stated for the citizens?

Context: which rights fall under this?

Context: what is meant by the second right?

Context: is it punishable if you breach it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what do the last right refers to?

Context: what is meant by the directive principles?

Context: They are directions given to the state to guide the establishment of an economic and social democracy, as proposed by the Preamble.

Question: how they differ from the above rights?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: when was it stated for the citizens?

Context: which rights fall under this?

Context: what is meant by the second right?

Context: is it punishable if you breach it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what do the last right refers to?

Context: how they differ from the above rights?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what do the last terminology of your previous answer means?

Answer: It is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy.

Preamble [SEP] Introduction

A preamble is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy. When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute. It is distinct from the long title or enacting formula of a law. In parliamentary procedure using Robert's Rules of Order, a preamble consists of "Whereas" clauses that are placed before the resolving clauses in a resolution (formal written motion). However, preambles are not required to be placed in resolutions. According to Robert's Rules of Order, including such background information may not be helpful in passing the resolution.


Context: when was it stated for the citizens?

Context: which rights fall under this?

Context: what is meant by the second right?

Context: is it punishable if you breach it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what do the last right refers to?

Context: how they differ from the above rights?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what do the last terminology of your previous answer means?

Context: It is an introductory and expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy.

Question: when was the above mentioned court established?

Answer: 28 January 1950

Explanation: The Supreme Court of India came into being on 28 January 1950. It replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which were then at the apex of the Indian court system.

Supreme Court of India [SEP] History

J. Kania. In 1958, the Supreme Court moved to its present premises. Originally, the Constitution of India envisaged a supreme court with a chief justice and seven judges; leaving it to the parliament to increase this number. In formative years, the Supreme Court met from 10 to 12 in the morning and then 2 to 4 in the afternoon for 28 days in a month.


Context: when was it stated for the citizens?

Context: which rights fall under this?

Context: what is meant by the second right?

Context: is it punishable if you breach it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what do the last right refers to?

Context: how they differ from the above rights?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the above mentioned court established?

Context: 28 January 1950

Question: can you name any of its advocates?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Supreme Court of India [SEP] History

In 1861, the "Indian High Courts Act 1861" was enacted to create high courts for various provinces and abolished supreme courts at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay and also the s"adar adalats" in presidency towns in their respective regions. These new high courts had the distinction of being the highest courts for all cases till the creation of the Federal Court of India under the "Government of India Act 1935". The Federal Court had jurisdiction to solve disputes between provinces and federal states and hear appeals against judgement of the high courts. The first CJI of India was H. J. Kania.


Question: what was the selection process of the 2005 acc championship game?

Answer: The ACC Championship Game traditionally matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference

2005 ACC Championship Game [SEP] Selection process

The ACC Championship Game traditionally matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Before 2005, no championship game existed. The idea for a championship game originated with the league's 2004 expansion, which added former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech and (in 2005) Boston College. A request to the National Collegiate Athletic Association by conference officials to hold a championship game following the 2004 season was rejected because the ACC lacked the requisite 12 teams. The league's first championship game had to wait until after the addition of Boston College, which had been delayed by a year.


Context: what was the selection process of the 2005 acc championship game?

Context: The ACC Championship Game traditionally matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference

Question: where was it held?

Answer: At Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida

2005 ACC Championship Game [SEP] Introduction

The 2005 Dr. Pepper ACC Championship Game was the inaugural contest of the championship game for the recently expanded Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). It was a regular season-ending American college football contest held at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, between the Virginia Tech Hokies and the Florida State Seminoles. The game decided the winner of the ACC football championship. Florida State University (FSU) defeated Virginia Tech 27–22 in a game characterized by penalties, defense, and a fourth-quarter comeback attempt by Virginia Tech. The game was the final contest of the regular season for the teams, as bowl games are not considered part of the regular season.


Context: where was it held?

Context: At Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida

Question: who were the competitors?

Answer: Virginia Tech and Florida State University

Explanation: Virginia Tech entered the 2005 season having won the 2004 ACC Championship, the last to be awarded without playing a championship game at the end of the season. Tech won their first eight games and appeared to be on course to have an untroubled run to the ACC Championship Game. But against the fifth-ranked Miami Hurricanes, Tech suffered their first defeat of the season, losing 27–7 on November 5. Because each team had one ACC loss (Miami had previously lost to Florida State) and the Hurricanes had the tie-breaking head-to-head win, Miami had the lead in the Coastal Division. But Miami later lost a second ACC game to the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, and the Hurricanes were knocked out of contention for the Coastal Division title in favor of the Hokies, who lost only to Miami.


Context: where was it held?

Context: who were the competitors?

Context: Virginia Tech and Florida State University

Question: from where did the former get its name ?

Answer: Virginia Tech Hokies football team represented Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

2005 Virginia Tech Hokies football team [SEP] Introduction

The 2005 Virginia Tech Hokies football team represented Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University during the 2005 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's head coach was Frank Beamer. Virginia Tech began the season ranked #7 in the "USA Today" Coaches Poll and #8 in the Associated Press Poll after going 10-3 (7-1 ACC) in 2004 and winning the Atlantic Coast Conference title. The 2005 Hokies compiled an 11-2 overall record, including a 7-1 mark during the regular season in Atlantic Coast Conference. The lone regular season conference loss came at home in a 27-7 loss to Miami. Miami was upset late in the season by Georgia Tech, in a game that had previously been postponed due to Hurricane Wilma and so Virginia Tech won the Coastal Division of the ACC outright.


Context: where was it held?

Context: who were the competitors?

Context: from where did the former get its name ?

Question: who was their head coach ?

Answer: Frank Beamer

Explanation: The 2005 Virginia Tech Hokies football team represented Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University during the 2005 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's head coach was Frank Beamer.


Context: where was it held?

Context: who were the competitors?

Context: who was their head coach ?

Context: Frank Beamer

Question: when did he begin his career?

Answer: As a cornerback for Virginia Tech from 1966 to 1968

Frank Beamer [SEP] Introduction

Franklin Mitchell Beamer (born October 18, 1946) is a retired American college football coach, most notably for the Virginia Tech Hokies, and former college football player. Beamer was a cornerback for Virginia Tech from 1966 to 1968. His coaching experience began in 1972, and from 1981 to 1986 Beamer served as the head football coach at Murray State University. He then went on to become the head football coach at Virginia Tech from 1987 until his final game in 2015. He was one of the longest tenured active coaches in NCAA Division I FBS and, at the time of his retirement, was the winningest active coach at that level.


Context: where was it held?

Context: who were the competitors?

Context: who was their head coach ?

Context: Frank Beamer

Context: when did he begin his career?

Context: As a cornerback for Virginia Tech from 1966 to 1968

Question: has he coached any other teams?

Answer: Yes, as an assistant at Radford High School, a graduate assistant for the University of Maryland, College Park, and an assistant coach at The Citadel

Explanation: Beamer began as an assistant at Radford High School from 1969 through 1971. His college coaching experience began in 1972, when he became a graduate assistant for the University of Maryland, College Park. After one season, he became an assistant coach at The Citadel under Bobby Ross. He spent seven seasons at The Citadel, the last two as the defensive coordinator.

Frank Beamer [SEP] Early coaching positions


Context: where was it held?

Context: who were the competitors?

Context: who was their head coach ?

Context: Frank Beamer

Context: when did he begin his career?

Context: has he coached any other teams?

Context: Yes, as an assistant at Radford High School, a graduate assistant for the University of Maryland, College Park, and an assistant coach at The Citadel

Question: when did he retire?

Answer: On November 1, 2015

Frank Beamer [SEP] Retirement and post-coaching career

On November 1, 2015, after 29 seasons as head coach of Virginia Tech, Beamer announced his retirement from coaching, effective at the end of the 2015 season. During his tenure, he coached the Hokies to 23 consecutive bowl games, including a national championship appearance, along with seven conference championship titles. At the time of his retirement, he was the winningest active coach in Division I FBS with 280 career victories. and is the sixth winningest coach in history at the Division I FBS level.


Context: where was it held?

Context: who were the competitors?

Context: who was their head coach ?

Context: Frank Beamer

Context: when did he begin his career?

Context: has he coached any other teams?

Context: when did he retire?

Context: On November 1, 2015

Question: what was his post retirement career?

Answer: A special assistant to Whit Babcock, director of athletics at Virginia Tech

Explanation: In late 2015, shortly after announcing his retirement at the end of the season, Beamer signed an eight-year contract with Virginia Tech, serving as a special assistant to Whit Babcock, director of athletics at Virginia Tech, focusing on athletic development and advancement.

Frank Beamer [SEP] Special assistant to the Virginia Tech athletic director


Context: where was it held?

Context: who were the competitors?

Context: who was their head coach ?

Context: Frank Beamer

Context: when did he begin his career?

Context: has he coached any other teams?

Context: when did he retire?

Context: On November 1, 2015

Context: what was his post retirement career?

Context: A special assistant to Whit Babcock, director of athletics at Virginia Tech

Question: could you tell me something about the university mentioned above?

Answer: A public research university in College Park, Maryland and is the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland.

University of Maryland, College Park [SEP] Introduction

The University of Maryland, College Park (University of Maryland, UMD, or simply Maryland) is a public research university in College Park, Maryland. Founded in 1856, UMD is the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland. It is also the largest university in both the state and the Washington metropolitan area, with more than 41,000 students representing all fifty states and 123 countries, and a global alumni network of over 360,000. Its twelve schools and colleges together offer over 200 degree-granting programs, including 92 undergraduate majors, 107 master's programs, and 83 doctoral programs. UMD is a member of the Association of American Universities and competes in intercollegiate athletics as a member of the Big Ten Conference.


Context: where was it held?

Context: who were the competitors?

Context: who was their head coach ?

Context: Frank Beamer

Context: when did he begin his career?

Context: has he coached any other teams?

Context: when did he retire?

Context: On November 1, 2015

Context: what was his post retirement career?

Context: could you tell me something about the university mentioned above?

Context: A public research university in College Park, Maryland and is the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland.

Question: what happened during the great fire of 1912?

Answer: A fire destroyed the barracks where the students were housed, all the school's records, and most of the academic buildings, leaving only Morrill Hall untouched

University of Maryland, College Park [SEP] The Great Fire of 1912

On November 29, 1912, a fire destroyed the barracks where the students were housed, all the school's records, and most of the academic buildings, leaving only Morrill Hall untouched. There were no injuries or fatalities, and all but two students returned to the university and insisted on classes continuing. Students were housed by families in neighboring towns until housing could be rebuilt, although a new administration building was not built until the 1940s. A large brick and concrete compass inlaid in the ground designates the former center of campus as it existed in 1912.


Context: where was it held?

Context: who were the competitors?

Context: who was their head coach ?

Context: Frank Beamer

Context: when did he begin his career?

Context: has he coached any other teams?

Context: when did he retire?

Context: On November 1, 2015

Context: what was his post retirement career?

Context: what happened during the great fire of 1912?

Context: A fire destroyed the barracks where the students were housed, all the school's records, and most of the academic buildings, leaving only Morrill Hall untouched

Question: is it a residential school?

Answer: Yes, there are two main residential areas on campus, North Campus and South Campus

University of Maryland, College Park [SEP] Residential life

There are two main residential areas on campus, North Campus and South Campus, which are further divided into seven residential communities. North Campus is made up of Cambridge Community (which consists of five residence halls), Denton Community (which currently consists of four halls, including Oakland hall which opened in the fall semester of 2011), and Ellicott Community (consisting of three halls). South Campus includes the North Hill Community, made up of nine Georgian-style halls and Prince Frederick hall (which opened in the fall semester of 2014) located immediately west of McKeldin Mall, South Hill Community, made up of fourteen small residence halls for upperclassmen, Leonardtown Community, which offers apartment-style living and is further divided into Old Leonardtown (consisting of six buildings) and New Leonardtown (also consisting of six buildings), the South Campus Commons Community, which consists of seven apartment-style buildings (the seventh and most recent building being opened in January 2010), and the Courtyards, a garden style apartment community in north campus consisting of seven buildings.


Context: where was it held?

Context: who were the competitors?

Context: who was their head coach ?

Context: Frank Beamer

Context: when did he begin his career?

Context: has he coached any other teams?

Context: when did he retire?

Context: On November 1, 2015

Context: what was his post retirement career?

Context: is it a residential school?

Context: Yes, there are two main residential areas on campus, North Campus and South Campus

Question: could you tell me more about their residential life?

Answer: North Campus and South Campus are two main residential areas on campus, which are further divided into seven residential communities

Explanation:
There are two main residential areas on campus, North Campus and South Campus, which are further divided into seven residential communities. North Campus is made up of Cambridge Community (which consists of five residence halls), Denton Community (which currently consists of four halls, including Oakland hall which opened in the fall semester of 2011), and Ellicott Community (consisting of three halls).

South Campus includes the North Hill Community, made up of nine Georgian-style halls and Prince Frederick hall (which opened in the fall semester of 2014) located immediately west of McKeldin Mall, South Hill Community, made up of fourteen small residence halls for upperclassmen, Leonardtown Community,


Context: where was it held?

Context: who were the competitors?

Context: who was their head coach ?

Context: Frank Beamer

Context: when did he begin his career?

Context: has he coached any other teams?

Context: when did he retire?

Context: On November 1, 2015

Context: what was his post retirement career?

Context: is it a residential school?

Context: could you tell me more about their residential life?

Context: North Campus and South Campus are two main residential areas on campus, which are further divided into seven residential communities

Question: what are the various programs they offer?

Answer: he university hosts "living-learning" programs and the QUEST Honors Fellows Program

Explanation:
The university hosts "living-learning" programs which allow students with similar academic interests to live in the same residential community, take specialized courses, and perform research in those areas of expertise. An example is the Honors College, which is geared towards undergraduate students meeting high academic requirements and consists of several of the university's honors programs. The Honors College welcomes students into a community of faculty and undergraduates. The Honors College offers seven living and learning programs: Advanced Cybersecurity Experience for Students, Design Cultures and Creativity, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Honors Humanities, Gemstone, Integrated Life Sciences, and University Honors.
The nation's first living-learning entrepreneurship program, Hinman CEOs, is geared toward students who are interested in starting their own business. Students from all academic disciplines live together and are provided the resources to explore business ventures.

University of Maryland, College Park [SEP] Programs

Students from all academic disciplines live together and are provided the resources to explore business ventures. The QUEST (Quality Enhancement Systems and Teams) Honors Fellows Program engages undergraduate students from business, engineering, and computer, mathematical, and physical sciences. QUEST Students participate in courses focused on cross-functional collaboration, innovation, quality management, and teamwork. The Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering (CEE) has also been long considered an outstanding engineering division of the university since its inception in 1908. Other living-learning programs include: CIVICUS, a two-year program in the College of Behavioral and Social Sciences based on the five principles of civil society; Global Communities, a program that immerses students in a diverse culture (students from all over the world live in a community), and the Language House, which allows students pursuing language courses to live and practice with other students learning the same language.


Question: who created the freedom of worship (painting)?

Answer: Norman Rockwell.

Freedom of Worship (painting) [SEP] Introduction

Freedom of Worship or Freedom to Worship is the second of the "Four Freedoms" oil paintings produced by the American artist Norman Rockwell. The series was based on the goals known as the Four Freedoms enunciated by the 32nd President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, in his State of the Union Address delivered on January 6, 1941. Rockwell considered this painting and "Freedom of Speech" the most successful of the series. "Freedom of Worship" was published on the 27th of February, 1943, issue of "The Saturday Evening Post" alongside an essay by philosopher Will Durant.


Context: who created the freedom of worship (painting)?

Context: Norman Rockwell.

Question: when did he start painting?

Answer: At the age of 19.

Norman Rockwell [SEP] Early years

In this role, he received 50 dollars' compensation each month for one completed cover and a set of story illustrations. It is said to have been his first paying job as an artist. At 19, he became the art editor for "Boys' Life", published by the Boy Scouts of America. He held the job for three years, during which he painted several covers, beginning with his first published magazine cover, "Scout at Ship's Wheel", which appeared on the "Boys' Life" September 1913 edition.


Context: Norman Rockwell.

Context: when did he start painting?

Context: At the age of 19.

Question: was he involved in any war?

Answer: No.

Norman Rockwell [SEP] World War II

In 1943, during World War II, Rockwell painted the "Four Freedoms" series, which was completed in seven months and resulted in him losing fifteen pounds. The series was inspired by a speech by Franklin D. Roosevelt, wherein Roosevelt described and articulated Four Freedoms for universal rights. Rockwell then painted "Freedom from Want", "Freedom of Speech", "Freedom of Worship" and "Freedom from Fear". The paintings were published in 1943 by "The Saturday Evening Post". Rockwell used the Pennell shipbuilding family from Brunswick, Maine as models for two of the paintings, "Freedom from Want" and "A Thankful Mother", and would combine models from photographs and his own vision to create his idealistic paintings.


Context: Norman Rockwell.

Context: when did he start painting?

Context: At the age of 19.

Context: was he involved in any war?

Context: No.

Question: is the painting part of a series of paintings?

Answer: Yes, the Four Freedoms series.


Context: Norman Rockwell.

Context: when did he start painting?

Context: At the age of 19.

Context: was he involved in any war?

Context: No.

Context: is the painting part of a series of paintings?

Context: Yes, the Four Freedoms series.

Question: is it based on any historical events?

Answer: Yes, it is based on the goals known as the Four Freedoms enunciated by the 32nd President of the United States, in his State of the Union Address

Explanation: The series was based on the goals known as the Four Freedoms enunciated by the 32nd President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, in his State of the Union Address delivered on January 6, 1941.


Context: Norman Rockwell.

Context: when did he start painting?

Context: At the age of 19.

Context: was he involved in any war?

Context: No.

Context: Yes, the Four Freedoms series.

Context: is it based on any historical events?

Context: Yes, it is based on the goals known as the Four Freedoms enunciated by the 32nd President of the United States, in his State of the Union Address

Question: who is that president?

Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt.


Context: Norman Rockwell.

Context: when did he start painting?

Context: At the age of 19.

Context: was he involved in any war?

Context: No.

Context: Yes, the Four Freedoms series.

Context: is it based on any historical events?

Context: who is that president?

Context: Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Question: did he hold any post in the navy?

Answer: Yes, as Assistant Secretary of the Navy.

Franklin D. Roosevelt [SEP] Introduction

He won election to the New York State Senate in 1910, and then served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox's running mate on the Democratic Party's 1920 national ticket, but Cox was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding. In 1921, Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness, believed at the time to be polio, and his legs became permanently paralyzed. While attempting to recover from his condition, Roosevelt founded a rehabilitation center in Warm Springs, Georgia, for people with poliomyelitis. In spite of being unable to walk unaided, Roosevelt returned to public office by winning election as Governor of New York in 1928.


Context: Norman Rockwell.

Context: when did he start painting?

Context: At the age of 19.

Context: was he involved in any war?

Context: No.

Context: Yes, the Four Freedoms series.

Context: is it based on any historical events?

Context: who is that president?

Context: Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Context: did he hold any post in the navy?

Context: Yes, as Assistant Secretary of the Navy.

Question: did he suffer from any physical limitations?

Answer: He was permanently paralyzed from the waist down.

Franklin D. Roosevelt [SEP] Paralytic illness and political comeback (1921–1928)

After the election, Roosevelt returned to New York City, where he practiced law and served as a vice president of the Fidelity and Deposit Company. He also sought to build support for a political comeback in the 1922 elections, but his career was derailed by illness. While the Roosevelts were vacationing at Campobello Island in August 1921, he fell ill. His main symptoms were fever; symmetric, ascending paralysis; facial paralysis; bowel and bladder dysfunction; numbness and hyperesthesia; and a descending pattern of recovery. Roosevelt was left permanently paralyzed from the waist down. He was diagnosed with poliomyelitis at the time, but his symptoms are more consistent with Guillain–Barré syndrome – an autoimmune neuropathy which Roosevelt's doctors failed to consider as a diagnostic possibility.


Context: Norman Rockwell.

Context: when did he start painting?

Context: At the age of 19.

Context: was he involved in any war?

Context: No.

Context: Yes, the Four Freedoms series.

Context: is it based on any historical events?

Context: who is that president?

Context: Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Context: did he hold any post in the navy?

Context: did he suffer from any physical limitations?

Context: He was permanently paralyzed from the waist down.

Question: during which major war was he leader of the nation?

Answer: World War II.

His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II, which ended shortly after he died in office. Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York, to the Roosevelt family made well known by the reputation of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States, as well as by the reputation of prominent businessman William Henry Aspinwall. FDR graduated from Groton School and Harvard College, and attended Columbia Law School but left after passing the bar exam to practice law in New York City. In 1905, he married his fifth cousin once removed, Eleanor Roosevelt. They had six children, of whom five survived into adulthood.


Context: Norman Rockwell.

Context: when did he start painting?

Context: At the age of 19.

Context: was he involved in any war?

Context: No.

Context: Yes, the Four Freedoms series.

Context: is it based on any historical events?

Context: who is that president?

Context: Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Context: did he hold any post in the navy?

Context: during which major war was he leader of the nation?

Context: World War II.

Question: were there any memorials set up after his death?

Answer: Yes, the Roosevelt Memorial.

Franklin D. Roosevelt [SEP] Memorials

Roosevelt's home in Hyde Park is now a National Historic Site and home to his Presidential library. Washington D.C., hosts two memorials to the former president. The largest, the Roosevelt Memorial, is located next to the Jefferson Memorial on the Tidal Basin. A more modest memorial, a block of marble in front of the National Archives building suggested by Roosevelt himself, was erected in 1965. Roosevelt's leadership in the March of Dimes is one reason he is commemorated on the American dime. Roosevelt has also appeared on several U.S. Postage stamps.


Context: Norman Rockwell.

Context: when did he start painting?

Context: At the age of 19.

Context: was he involved in any war?

Context: No.

Context: Yes, the Four Freedoms series.

Context: is it based on any historical events?

Context: who is that president?

Context: Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Context: did he hold any post in the navy?

Context: World War II.

Context: were there any memorials set up after his death?

Context: Yes, the Roosevelt Memorial.

Question: are there any such memorials for any other presidents?

Answer: Yes, the Jefferson Memorial.

Explanation: . The largest, the Roosevelt Memorial, is located next to the Jefferson Memorial on the Tidal Basin.

Franklin D. Roosevelt [SEP] Memorials


Context: Norman Rockwell.

Context: when did he start painting?

Context: At the age of 19.

Context: was he involved in any war?

Context: No.

Context: Yes, the Four Freedoms series.

Context: is it based on any historical events?

Context: who is that president?

Context: Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Context: did he hold any post in the navy?

Context: World War II.

Context: Yes, the Roosevelt Memorial.

Context: are there any such memorials for any other presidents?

Context: Yes, the Jefferson Memorial.

Question: when was it constructed?

Answer: Between 1939 and 1943.

Jefferson Memorial [SEP] Introduction

The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial built in Washington, D.C. between 1939 and 1943 under the sponsorship of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt thought that it was a suitable memorial to the Founding Fathers of the United States and to Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence and the founder of the Democratic-Republican Party. The neoclassical building is situated in West Potomac Park on the shore of the Potomac River. It was designed by John Russell Pope and built by Philadelphia contractor John McShain. Construction began in 1939 and was completed in 1943. The bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947.