Context: what advantages does england seem to have to start the industrial revolution

Context: It transformed its society into the world's first industrialised nation.

Question: where is this place?

Answer: It is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

Explanation: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. It is the largest country of the British Isles.

England [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is this place?

Context: It is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

Question: what happened here during the prehistoric times?

Answer: The Romans invaded Britain in 43 AD during the reign of Emperor Claudius, subsequently conquering much of Britain, and the area was incorporated into the Roman Empire as Britannia province.

Explanation:
During the Iron Age, Celtic culture, deriving from the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, arrived from Central Europe. Brythonic was the spoken language during this time. Society was tribal; according to Ptolemy's "Geographia" there were around 20 tribes in the area. Earlier divisions are unknown because the Britons were not literate. Like other regions on the edge of the Empire, Britain had long enjoyed trading links with the Romans. Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic attempted to invade twice in 55 BC; although largely unsuccessful, he managed to set up a client king from the Trinovantes.
The Romans invaded Britain in 43 AD during the reign of Emperor Claudius, subsequently conquering much of Britain, and the area was incorporated into the Roman Empire as Britannia province. The best-known of the native tribes who attempted to resist were the Catuvellauni led by Caratacus. Later, an uprising led by Boudica, Queen of the Iceni, ended with Boudica's suicide following her defeat at the B

England [SEP] Prehistory and antiquity

The earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of "Homo antecessor", dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago. Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years. After the last ice age only large mammals such as mammoths, bison and woolly rhinoceros remained. Roughly 11,000 years ago, when the ice sheets began to recede, humans repopulated the area; genetic research suggests they came from the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula.


Context: where is this place?

Context: what happened here during the prehistoric times?

Context: The Romans invaded Britain in 43 AD during the reign of Emperor Claudius, subsequently conquering much of Britain, and the area was incorporated into the Roman Empire as Britannia province.

Question: what is the weather here like?

Answer: It is mild with temperatures not much lower than in winter and not much higher than in summer.

Explanation:
England has a temperate maritime climate: it is mild with temperatures not much lower than in winter and not much higher than in summer. The weather is damp relatively frequently and is changeable. The coldest months are January and February, the latter particularly on the English coast, while July is normally the warmest month. Months with mild to warm weather are May, June, September and October. Rainfall is spread fairly evenly throughout the year.

Important influences on the climate of England are its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, its northern latitude and the warming of the sea by the Gulf Stream. Rainfall is higher in the west, and parts of the Lake District receive more rain than anywhere else in the country. Since weather records began, the highest temperature recorded was on 25 July 2019 at the Botanic Garden in Cambridge, while the lowest was on 10 January 1982 in Edgmond, Shropshire.

England [SEP] Climate


Context: where is this place?

Context: what is the weather here like?

Context: It is mild with temperatures not much lower than in winter and not much higher than in summer.

Question: is there any wild animals found here?

Answer: Yes, It is with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats.

Explanation: National nature reserves in England are designated by Natural England as key places for wildlife and natural features in England. They were established to protect the most significant areas of habitat and of geological formations. NNRs are managed on behalf of the nation, many by Natural England themselves, but also by non-governmental organisations, including the members of The Wildlife Trusts partnership, the National Trust, and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. There are 229 NNRs in England covering 939 square kilometres (363 square miles). Often they contain rare species or nationally important species of plants and animals.

England [SEP] Nature and wildlife

There are 229 NNRs in England covering 939 square kilometres (363 square miles). Often they contain rare species or nationally important species of plants and animals. England has a temperate oceanic climate in most areas, lacking extremes of cold or heat, but does have a few small areas of subarctic and warmer areas in the South West. Towards the North of England the climate becomes colder and most of England's mountains and high hills are located here and have a major impact on the climate and thus the local fauna of the areas. Deciduous woodlands are common across all of England and provide a great habitat for much of England's wildlife, but these give way in northern and upland areas of England to coniferous forests (mainly plantations) which also benefit certain forms of wildlife.


Context: where is this place?

Context: what is the weather here like?

Context: is there any wild animals found here?

Context: Yes, It is with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats.

Question: what are some animals?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

England [SEP] Nature and wildlife

The fauna of England is similar to that of other areas in the British Isles with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats. National nature reserves in England are designated by Natural England as key places for wildlife and natural features in England. They were established to protect the most significant areas of habitat and of geological formations. NNRs are managed on behalf of the nation, many by Natural England themselves, but also by non-governmental organisations, including the members of The Wildlife Trusts partnership, the National Trust, and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.


Context: where is this place?

Context: what is the weather here like?

Context: is there any wild animals found here?

Context: what are some animals?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are some museums found here?

Answer: The most notable is British Museum.

Explanation:
English Heritage is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. It is currently sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The charity National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty holds a contrasting role. 17 of the 25 United Kingdom UNESCO World Heritage Sites fall within England. Some of the best-known of these are: Hadrian's Wall, Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, Tower of London, Jurassic Coast, Saltaire, Ironbridge Gorge, Studley Royal Park and various others.

There are many museums in England, but perhaps the most notable is London's British Museum. Its collection of more than seven million objects is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world, sourced from every continent, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The British Library in London is the national library and is one of the world's largest research l

England [SEP] Museums, libraries, and galleries


Context: where is this place?

Context: what is the weather here like?

Context: is there any wild animals found here?

Context: what are some animals?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some museums found here?

Context: The most notable is British Museum.

Question: who founded it?

Answer: King George II.

Explanation: On 7 June 1753, King George II gave his Royal Assent to the Act of Parliament which established the British Museum. The British Museum Act 1753 also added two other libraries to the Sloane collection, namely the Cottonian Library, assembled by Sir Robert Cotton, dating back to Elizabethan times, and the Harleian Library, the collection of the Earls of Oxford. They were joined in 1757 by the "Old Royal Library", now the Royal manuscripts, assembled by various British monarchs. Together these four "foundation collections" included many of the most treasured books now in the British Library including the Lindisfarne Gospels and the sole surviving manuscript of "Beowulf".

British Museum [SEP] Foundation (1753)


Context: where is this place?

Context: what is the weather here like?

Context: is there any wild animals found here?

Context: what are some animals?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some museums found here?

Context: The most notable is British Museum.

Context: who founded it?

Context: King George II.

Question: what happened here during the 1825s?

Answer: The Ancient Near Eastern collection also had its beginnings in 1825 with the purchase of Assyrian and Babylonian antiquities from the widow of Claudius James Rich.

Explanation: In the early 19th century the foundations for the extensive collection of sculpture began to be laid and Greek, Roman and Egyptian artefacts dominated the antiquities displays. After the defeat of the French campaign in the Battle of the Nile, in 1801, the British Museum acquired more Egyptian sculptures and in 1802 King George III presented the Rosetta Stone – key to the deciphering of hieroglyphs. Gifts and purchases from Henry Salt, British consul general in Egypt, beginning with the Colossal bust of Ramesses II in 1818, laid the foundations of the collection of Egyptian Monumental Sculpture. Many Greek sculptures followed, notably the first purpose-built exhibition space, the Charles Towneley collection, much of it Roman sculpture, in 1805. In 1806, Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1799 to 1803 removed the large collection of marble sculptures from the Parthenon, on the Acropolis in Athens and transferred them to the UK. In 1816 these masterpie

British Museum [SEP] Growth and change (1800–1825)


Context: where is this place?

Context: what is the weather here like?

Context: is there any wild animals found here?

Context: what are some animals?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some museums found here?

Context: The most notable is British Museum.

Context: who founded it?

Context: King George II.

Context: what happened here during the 1825s?

Context: The Ancient Near Eastern collection also had its beginnings in 1825 with the purchase of Assyrian and Babylonian antiquities from the widow of Claudius James Rich.

Question: does this museum have different depratments?

Answer: Yes, Based on collections of antiquities from differents countries across the Classical world.

British Museum [SEP] Introduction

Its expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of expanding British colonisation and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions, the first being the Natural History Museum in 1881. In 1973, the British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the British Museum, but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997. The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, and as with all national museums in the UK it charges no admission fee, except for loan exhibitions.


Question: what is the real name of harry potter in real life

Answer: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Explanation:
Daniel Jacob Radcliffe (born 23 July 1989) is an English actor, producer, and singer. He is best known for playing Harry Potter in the "Harry Potter" film series during his adolescence and early adulthood.

Born and raise

Daniel Radcliffe [SEP] Introduction

Radcliffe began to branch out to stage acting in 2007, starring in the London and New York productions of "Equus" and in the 2011 Broadway revival of the musical "How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying". Since 2018, Radcliffe has starred in the TBS anthology television series "Miracle Workers".


Context: what is the real name of harry potter in real life

Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Question: where was he born?

Answer: In Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, England

Daniel Radcliffe [SEP] Early life, family, and education

Radcliffe was born in Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, England. He is the only child of Alan George Radcliffe and his wife, Marcia Jeannine Gresham (née Jacobson). His mother, who is Jewish, was born in South Africa and raised in Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex. His father was raised in Banbridge, County Down, Northern Ireland, in a "very working-class" Protestant family. Radcliffe's maternal ancestors were Jewish immigrants from Lithuania, Germany, Poland and Russia. In 2019, Radcliffe explored both sides of his family history in series 16 of BBC's "Who Do You Think You Are?" Radcliffe's parents had both acted as children. His father is a literary agent.


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: In Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, England

Question: where was he graduated?

Answer: No he did not graduate

As his acting career began to consume his schedule, Radcliffe continued his education through on-set tutors. He admitted he was not a very good student, considering school useless and finding the work "really difficult". He achieved A grades in the three AS-level exams that he took in 2006, but decided to take a break from education and did not go to college or university. Part of his reasoning was that he already knew he wanted to act and write, and that it would be difficult to have a normal college experience. "The paparazzi, they'd love it", he told "Details" magazine in 2007.


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Question: what is his profession?

Answer: Actor, producer, and singer

Daniel Radcliffe [SEP] Introduction

Daniel Jacob Radcliffe (born 23 July 1989) is an English actor, producer, and singer. He is best known for playing Harry Potter in the "Harry Potter" film series during his adolescence and early adulthood. Born and raised in London, Radcliffe made his acting debut at age 10 in BBC One's television film "David Copperfield" (1999), followed by his cinematic debut in "The Tailor of Panama" (2001). The same year, he starred in "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone". Over the next 10 years, he played the lead role in seven sequels, culminating with "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2" (2011).


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Actor, producer, and singer

Question: which was his debut film?

Answer: The Tailor of Panama

Daniel Radcliffe [SEP] Career

Radcliffe first expressed a desire to act at the age of five, and, aged 10, he made his acting debut in BBC One's televised two-part adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel "David Copperfield" (1999), portraying the title character as a young boy. Radcliffe made his film debut in "The Tailor of Panama" (2001), an American film based on John le Carré's 1996 spy novel, and a moderate commercial success.


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Actor, producer, and singer

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: The Tailor of Panama

Question: has he been a part of any film series?

Answer: Yes Harry Potter

Daniel Radcliffe [SEP] "Harry Potter" film series

In 2000, producer David Heyman asked Radcliffe to audition for the role of Harry Potter for the film adaptation of "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", the best-selling book by British author J. K. Rowling. Rowling had been searching for an unknown British actor to personify the character, and the movie's director Chris Columbus recalled thinking, "This is what I want. This is Harry Potter" after he saw a video of the young actor in "David Copperfield". Eight months later, following several auditions, Radcliffe was selected to play the part. Rowling endorsed the selection, saying: "I don't think Chris Columbus could have found a better Harry." Radcliffe's parents originally turned down the offer, as they had been told that it would involve six films shot in Los Angeles.


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Actor, producer, and singer

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: The Tailor of Panama

Context: has he been a part of any film series?

Context: Yes Harry Potter

Question: what is its theme?

Answer: Fantasy

Explanation: arry Potter is a film series based on the eponymous novels by author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" (2001) and culminating with "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2" (2011). A spin-off prequel series that will consist of five films started with "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them" (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise.

Harry Potter (film series) [SEP] Introduction

Four directors worked on the series: Chris Columbus, Alfonso Cuarón, Mike Newell, and David Yates. Michael Goldenberg wrote the screenplay for "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" (2007), while the remaining films' screenplays were written by Steve Kloves. Production took place over ten years, with the main story arc following Harry's quest to overcome his arch-enemy Lord Voldemort. "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", the seventh and final novel in the series, was adapted into two feature-length parts. "Part 1" was released in November 2010, and "Part 2" was released in July 2011.


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Actor, producer, and singer

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: The Tailor of Panama

Context: has he been a part of any film series?

Context: Yes Harry Potter

Context: what is its theme?

Context: Fantasy

Question: how did it impact culturally?

Answer: The "Harry Potter" films and their success have been retrospectively considered to have had a significant impact on the film industry. They are cited as having helped redefine the Hollywood blockbuster in the 21st century by initiating a shift toward established media franchises forming the basis of successful films

Harry Potter (film series) [SEP] Legacy and influence

The "Harry Potter" films and their success have been retrospectively considered to have had a significant impact on the film industry. They are cited as having helped redefine the Hollywood blockbuster in the 21st century by initiating a shift toward established media franchises forming the basis of successful films. In the wake of the final film's release, Claudia Puig of "USA Today" wrote that the films "inspired every major studio to try to capture [its] alchemic formula, spawning a range of copycats and wannabes" and "also have shown Hollywood how to make a glossy blockbuster with an eye toward keeping costs down." A 2009 article from "The Economist" argued that the films were "in the vanguard" of adaptations of established properties being the modern film franchise model, citing "The Lord of the Rings", "Spider-Man" and "The Dark Knight Trilogy" as examples of successful film series that followed "Harry Potter"s suit.


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Actor, producer, and singer

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: The Tailor of Panama

Context: has he been a part of any film series?

Context: Yes Harry Potter

Context: what is its theme?

Context: Fantasy

Context: how did it impact culturally?

Context: The "Harry Potter" films and their success have been retrospectively considered to have had a significant impact on the film industry. They are cited as having helped redefine the Hollywood blockbuster in the 21st century by initiating a shift toward established media franchises forming the basis of successful films

Question: does it have any website?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Actor, producer, and singer

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: The Tailor of Panama

Context: has he been a part of any film series?

Context: Yes Harry Potter

Context: what is its theme?

Context: Fantasy

Context: how did it impact culturally?

Context: does it have any website?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: does pottermore website updates the movie information?

Answer: he site has been redesigned and it mainly focuses on the information already available, rather than exploration.

Harry Potter [SEP] Pottermore website

In 2011, Rowling launched a new website announcing an upcoming project called Pottermore. Pottermore opened to the general public on 14 April 2012. Pottermore allows users to be sorted, be chosen by their wand and play various minigames. The main purpose of the website was to allow the user to journey through the story with access to content not revealed by JK Rowling previously, with over 18,000 words of additional content. In September 2015, the website was completely overhauled and most of the features were removed. The site has been redesigned and it mainly focuses on the information already available, rather than exploration.


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Actor, producer, and singer

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: The Tailor of Panama

Context: has he been a part of any film series?

Context: Yes Harry Potter

Context: what is its theme?

Context: Fantasy

Context: how did it impact culturally?

Context: does it have any website?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does pottermore website updates the movie information?

Context: he site has been redesigned and it mainly focuses on the information already available, rather than exploration.

Question: were there any controversies with regards to it?

Answer: The books have been the subject of a number of legal proceedings, stemming from various conflicts over copyright and trademark infringements. The popularity and high market value of the series has led Rowling, her publishers, and film distributor Warner Bros. to take legal measures to protect their copyright, which have included banning the sale of "Harry Potter" imitations, targeting the owners of websites over the "Harry Potter" domain name, and suing author Nancy Stouffer to counter her accusations that Rowling had plagiarised her work.

Harry Potter [SEP] Controversies

The books have been the subject of a number of legal proceedings, stemming from various conflicts over copyright and trademark infringements. The popularity and high market value of the series has led Rowling, her publishers, and film distributor Warner Bros. to take legal measures to protect their copyright, which have included banning the sale of "Harry Potter" imitations, targeting the owners of websites over the "Harry Potter" domain name, and suing author Nancy Stouffer to counter her accusations that Rowling had plagiarised her work. Various religious fundamentalists have claimed that the books promote witchcraft and religions such as Wicca and are therefore unsuitable for children, while a number of critics have criticised the books for promoting various political agendas.


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Actor, producer, and singer

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: The Tailor of Panama

Context: has he been a part of any film series?

Context: Yes Harry Potter

Context: what is its theme?

Context: Fantasy

Context: how did it impact culturally?

Context: does it have any website?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: were there any controversies with regards to it?

Context: The books have been the subject of a number of legal proceedings, stemming from various conflicts over copyright and trademark infringements. The popularity and high market value of the series has led Rowling, her publishers, and film distributor Warner Bros. to take legal measures to protect their copyright, which have included banning the sale of "Harry Potter" imitations, targeting the owners of websites over the "Harry Potter" domain name, and suing author Nancy Stouffer to counter her accusations that Rowling had plagiarised her work.

Question: who are the lead characters in the film?

Answer: Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger

Explanation: The series was mainly produced by David Heyman, and stars Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, and Emma Watson as the three leading characters: Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger. Four directors worked on the series: Chris Columbus, Alfonso Cuarón, Mike Newell, and David Yates. Michael Goldenberg wrote the screenplay for "Harry Po


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Actor, producer, and singer

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: The Tailor of Panama

Context: has he been a part of any film series?

Context: Yes Harry Potter

Context: what is its theme?

Context: Fantasy

Context: how did it impact culturally?

Context: does it have any website?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who are the lead characters in the film?

Context: Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger

Question: has it ever been staged?

Answer: No it has never been

Explanation: On the method of creating the sets, Craig said he often started by sketching ideas onto a blank sheet of paper. Stephenie McMillan also said that "each film always had plenty of new challenges," citing the changes in visual style between directors and

Harry Potter (film series) [SEP] Set design

Stephenie McMillan also said that "each film always had plenty of new challenges," citing the changes in visual style between directors and cinematographers as an example, along with the developing story in the novels. Due to J.K. Rowling's descriptions of various settings in the novels, Craig noted his "responsibility was to place it together".


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Actor, producer, and singer

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: The Tailor of Panama

Context: has he been a part of any film series?

Context: Yes Harry Potter

Context: what is its theme?

Context: Fantasy

Context: how did it impact culturally?

Context: does it have any website?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has it ever been staged?

Context: No it has never been

Question: which production house has made this film?

Answer: Heyday Films

Harry Potter (film series) [SEP] Production

Filming of the series began at Leavesden Studios, Hertfordshire, England, in September 2000 and ended in December 2010, with post-production on the final film lasting until summer 2011. Leavesden Studios was the main base for filming "Harry Potter", and it opened to the public as a studio tour in 2012 (renamed as Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden). David Heyman produced all the films in the series with his production company Heyday Films, while David Barron joined the series as an executive producer on "Chamber of Secrets" and "Goblet of Fire". Barron was later appointed producer on the last four films. Chris Columbus was an executive producer on the first two films alongside Mark Radcliffe and Michael Barnathan, but he became a producer on the third film alongside Heyman and Radcliffe.


Context: Daniel Jacob Radcliffe

Context: where was he born?

Context: where was he graduated?

Context: No he did not graduate

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Actor, producer, and singer

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: The Tailor of Panama

Context: has he been a part of any film series?

Context: Yes Harry Potter

Context: what is its theme?

Context: Fantasy

Context: how did it impact culturally?

Context: does it have any website?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: has it ever been staged?

Context: No it has never been

Context: which production house has made this film?

Context: Heyday Films

Question: can you name a few other movies by radcliffe?

Answer: Victor Frankenstein and Swiss Army Man

Explanation: ollowing the success of the "Harry Potter" films, Radcliffe portrayed lawyer Arthur Kipps in the horror film "The Woman in Black" (2012); the poet Allen Ginsberg in the film "Kill Your Darlings" (2013); Victor Frankenstein's assistant, Igor, in the science fiction fantasy "Victor Frankenstein" (2015); Manny, a sentient corpse in the comedy-drama "Swiss Army Man" (2016); technological prodigy Walter Mabry in the heist thriller film "Now You See Me 2" (2016); and FBI agent Nate Foster in the critically acclaimed thriller "Imperium" (2016). Radcliffe began to branch out to stage acting in 2007, starring in the London and New York productions of "Equus" and in the 2011 Broadway r

Daniel Radcliffe [SEP] Introduction


Question: where is statue of liberty located on a map

Answer: The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800.

Statue of Liberty [SEP] Location and access

The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800. As agreed in an 1834 compact between New York and New Jersey that set the state border at the bay's midpoint, the original islands remain New York territory though located on the New Jersey side of the state line. Liberty Island is one of the islands that are part of the borough of Manhattan in New York. Land created by reclamation added to the original island at Ellis Island is New Jersey territory.


Context: where is statue of liberty located on a map

Context: The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800.

Question: who designed it?

Answer: It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel

Statue of Liberty [SEP] Introduction

The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor within New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue is a figure of Libertas, a robed Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a "tabula ansata" inscribed (July 4, 1776 in Roman numerals), the date of the U.S.


Context: who designed it?

Context: It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel

Question: any reference of the sculptor in pop culture?

Answer: Bartholdi's life and creation of "Liberty Enlightening the World" are also featured in the 2019 documentary film, "Liberty: Mother of Exiles".

Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi [SEP] In popular culture

"The Statue of Liberty" is a 1985 documentary film by Ken Burns which focuses on the statue's history and its impact on society. Bartholdi's life and creation of "Liberty Enlightening the World" are also featured in the 2019 documentary film, "Liberty: Mother of Exiles".


Context: who designed it?

Context: any reference of the sculptor in pop culture?

Context: Bartholdi's life and creation of "Liberty Enlightening the World" are also featured in the 2019 documentary film, "Liberty: Mother of Exiles".

Question: mention a few of his major works?

Answer: A Good Samaritan sculpture, a bronze memorial of Jean Rapp

Explanation:
In 1853, Bartholdi submitted a Good Samaritan-themed sculptural group to the Paris Salon of 1853. The statue was later recreated in bronze. Within two years of his Salon debut, Bartholdi was commissioned by his hometown of Colmar to sculpt a bronze memorial of Jean Rapp, a Napoleonic General. In 1855 and 1856 Bartholdi traveled in Yemen and Egypt with travel companions such as Jean-Léon Gérôme and other "orientalist" painters. The trip sparked Bartholdi's interest in colossal sculpture.

In 1869, Bartholdi returned to Egypt to propose a new lighthouse to be built at the entrance of the Suez Canal, which was newly completed. The lighthouse, which was to be called "Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia" and shaped as a massive draped figure holding a torch, was not commissioned. Both the khedive and Lessups declined the proposed statue from Bartholdi, citing the expensive cost. The Port Said Lighthouse was built instead, by François Coignet in 1869.

Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi [SEP] Early sculptures and work in Colmar


Context: who designed it?

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: A Good Samaritan sculpture, a bronze memorial of Jean Rapp

Question: who is the person for which the bronze memorial is made?

Answer: He was a French Army officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

Jean Rapp [SEP] Introduction

General Count Jean Rapp (27 April 1771 – 8 November 1821) was a French Army officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Rapp was born the son of the janitor of the town-hall of Colmar, then located in the Old Customs House. He began theological studies to become a clergyman, but with his build and heated character, he was better suited to the military, which he joined in March 1788. From the rank of a regular of the "chasseurs de Cévennes", he worked his way up through his courage and character to the rank of a division general and adjutant of Napoleon Bonaparte.


Context: who designed it?

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: who is the person for which the bronze memorial is made?

Context: He was a French Army officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

Question: how is the latter war depicted in fiction?

Answer: The Napoleonic Wars were a defining event of the early 19th century, and inspired many works of fiction, from then until the present day.

Explanation: The Napoleonic Wars were a defining event of the early 19th century, and inspired many works of fiction, from then until the present day.

Napoleonic Wars [SEP] In fiction


Context: who designed it?

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: how is the latter war depicted in fiction?

Context: The Napoleonic Wars were a defining event of the early 19th century, and inspired many works of fiction, from then until the present day.

Question: when did the war start?

Answer: The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813–14), and the Seventh (1815).

Napoleonic Wars [SEP] Introduction

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and led by the United Kingdom. It produced a brief period of French domination over most of Europe. The wars stemmed from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and its resultant conflict. The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813–14), and the Seventh (1815).


Context: who designed it?

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: when did the war start?

Context: The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813–14), and the Seventh (1815).

Question: mention a few fictional works inspired by the war?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Napoleonic Wars [SEP] Introduction


Context: who designed it?

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: when did the war start?

Context: mention a few fictional works inspired by the war?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: mention a few innovations that happened during the war?

Answer: The semaphore system to communicate,  Aerial surveillance, mass produce of weapons because of industrial revolution.

Napoleonic Wars [SEP] Innovations

The French Army redefined the role of artillery, forming independent, mobile units, as opposed to the previous tradition of attaching artillery pieces in support of troops. The semaphore system had allowed the French War-Minister, Carnot, to communicate with French forces on the frontiers throughout the 1790s. The French continued to use this system throughout the Napoleonic wars. Aerial surveillance was used for the first time when the French used a hot-air balloon to survey coalition positions before the Battle of Fleurus, on 26 June 1794.


Context: who designed it?

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: when did the war start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: mention a few innovations that happened during the war?

Context: The semaphore system to communicate,  Aerial surveillance, mass produce of weapons because of industrial revolution.

Question: describe one tactic of napolean in the war?

Answer: The ideal Napoleonic battle was to manipulate the enemy into an unfavourable position through manoeuvre and deception, force him to commit his main forces and reserve to the main battle and then undertake an enveloping attack with uncommitted or reserve troops on the flank or rear.

Napoleonic Wars [SEP] Napoleon's tactics

Napoleon was, and remains, famous for his battlefield victories, and historians have spent enormous attention in analysing them. In 2008, Donald Sutherland wrote: The ideal Napoleonic battle was to manipulate the enemy into an unfavourable position through manoeuvre and deception, force him to commit his main forces and reserve to the main battle and then undertake an enveloping attack with uncommitted or reserve troops on the flank or rear. Such a surprise attack would either produce a devastating effect on morale, or force him to weaken his main battle line. Either way, the enemy's own impulsiveness began the process by which even a smaller French army could defeat the enemy's forces one by one.


Context: who designed it?

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: when did the war start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe one tactic of napolean in the war?

Context: The ideal Napoleonic battle was to manipulate the enemy into an unfavourable position through manoeuvre and deception, force him to commit his main forces and reserve to the main battle and then undertake an enveloping attack with uncommitted or reserve troops on the flank or rear.

Question: was russia invaded in the war?

Answer: Yes,  In 1812

Explanation: In 1812, at the height of his power, Napoleon invaded Russia with a pan-European "Grande Armée", consisting of 450,000 men (200,000 Frenchmen, and many soldiers of allies or subject areas).

Napoleonic Wars [SEP] Invasion of Russia 1812

The French forces crossed the Niemen River on 24 June 1812. Russia proclaimed a Patriotic War, and Napoleon proclaimed a Second Polish war. The Poles supplied almost 100,000 men for the invasion force, but against their expectations, Napoleon avoided any concessions to Poland, having in mind further negotiations with Russia.


Context: who designed it?

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: when did the war start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was russia invaded in the war?

Context: Yes,  In 1812

Question: who is the latter aforementioned person involved in designing the statue?

Answer: A French civil engineer best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower.

Gustave Eiffel [SEP] Introduction

Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (born Bonickhausen dit Eiffel; ; ; 15 December 1832 – 27 December 1923) was a French civil engineer. A graduate of the prestigious École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures of France, he made his name with various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit viaduct. He is best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New York. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields.


Context: who designed it?

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: when did the war start?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was russia invaded in the war?

Context: Yes,  In 1812

Context: who is the latter aforementioned person involved in designing the statue?

Context: A French civil engineer best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower.

Question: was he involved in any scandal?

Answer: Yes, Eiffel had been working on the project for little more than a year when the company suspended payments of interest on 14 December 1888, and shortly afterwards was put into liquidation. Eiffel's reputation was badly damaged when he was implicated in the financial and political scandal which followed.

Explanation: The plan was changed to one using locks, which Eiffel was contracted to design and build. The locks were on a large scale, most having a change of level of . Eiffel had been working on the project for little more than a year when the company suspended payments of interest on 14 December 1888, and shortly afterwards was put into liquidation. Eiffel's reputation was badly damaged when he was implicated in the financial and political scandal which followed.

Gustave Eiffel [SEP] The Panama Scandal

Eiffel's reputation was badly damaged when he was implicated in the financial and political scandal which followed. Although he was simply a contractor, he was charged along with the directors of the project with raising money under false pretenses and misappropriation of funds. On 9 February 1893 Eiffel was found guilty on the charge of misuse of funds, and was fined 20,000 francs and sentenced to two years in prison, although he was acquitted on appeal. The later American-built canal used new lock designs (see History of the Panama Canal). Shortly before the trial Eiffel had announced his intention to resign from the Board of Directors of the Compagnie des Etablissements Eiffel, and did so at a General Meeting held on 14 February, saying "I have absolutely decided to abstain from any participation in any manufacturing business from now on, and so that no one can be misled and to make it most evident that I intend to remain absolutely uninvolved with the management of the establishments which bear my name, I insist that my name should disappear from the name of the company." The company changed its name to La Société Constructions Levallois-Perret, with Maurice Koechlin as managing director.


Context: where is statue of liberty located on a map

Context: The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800.

Context: who designed it?

Context: It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel

Context: any reference of the sculptor in pop culture?

Context: Bartholdi's life and creation of "Liberty Enlightening the World" are also featured in the 2019 documentary film, "Liberty: Mother of Exiles".

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: A Good Samaritan sculpture, a bronze memorial of Jean Rapp

Context: who is the person for which the bronze memorial is made?

Context: He was a French Army officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

Context: how is the latter war depicted in fiction?

Context: The Napoleonic Wars were a defining event of the early 19th century, and inspired many works of fiction, from then until the present day.

Context: when did the war start?

Context: The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813–14), and the Seventh (1815).

Context: mention a few fictional works inspired by the war?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: mention a few innovations that happened during the war?

Context: The semaphore system to communicate,  Aerial surveillance, mass produce of weapons because of industrial revolution.

Context: describe one tactic of napolean in the war?

Context: The ideal Napoleonic battle was to manipulate the enemy into an unfavourable position through manoeuvre and deception, force him to commit his main forces and reserve to the main battle and then undertake an enveloping attack with uncommitted or reserve troops on the flank or rear.

Context: was russia invaded in the war?

Context: Yes,  In 1812

Context: who is the latter aforementioned person involved in designing the statue?

Context: A French civil engineer best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower.

Context: was he involved in any scandal?

Context: Yes, Eiffel had been working on the project for little more than a year when the company suspended payments of interest on 14 December 1888, and shortly afterwards was put into liquidation. Eiffel's reputation was badly damaged when he was implicated in the financial and political scandal which followed.

Question: what does liquidation mean?

Answer: Liquidation is the process in accounting by which a company is brought to an end in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, Cyprus, United States, Canada, Italy and many others. The assets and property of the company are redistributed.

Liquidation [SEP] Introduction

Liquidation is the process in accounting by which a company is brought to an end in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, Cyprus, United States, Canada, Italy and many others. The assets and property of the company are redistributed. Liquidation is also sometimes referred to as winding-up or dissolution, although dissolution technically refers to the last stage of liquidation. The process of liquidation also arises when customs, an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties, determines the final computation or ascertainment of the duties or drawback accruing on an entry. Liquidation may either be compulsory (sometimes referred to as a "creditors' liquidation" or "receivership" following bankruptcy, which may result in the court creating a "liquidation trust") or voluntary (sometimes referred to as a "shareholders' liquidation", although some voluntary liquidations are controlled by the creditors).


Context: where is statue of liberty located on a map

Context: The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800.

Context: who designed it?

Context: It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel

Context: any reference of the sculptor in pop culture?

Context: Bartholdi's life and creation of "Liberty Enlightening the World" are also featured in the 2019 documentary film, "Liberty: Mother of Exiles".

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: A Good Samaritan sculpture, a bronze memorial of Jean Rapp

Context: who is the person for which the bronze memorial is made?

Context: He was a French Army officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

Context: how is the latter war depicted in fiction?

Context: The Napoleonic Wars were a defining event of the early 19th century, and inspired many works of fiction, from then until the present day.

Context: when did the war start?

Context: The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813–14), and the Seventh (1815).

Context: mention a few fictional works inspired by the war?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: mention a few innovations that happened during the war?

Context: The semaphore system to communicate,  Aerial surveillance, mass produce of weapons because of industrial revolution.

Context: describe one tactic of napolean in the war?

Context: The ideal Napoleonic battle was to manipulate the enemy into an unfavourable position through manoeuvre and deception, force him to commit his main forces and reserve to the main battle and then undertake an enveloping attack with uncommitted or reserve troops on the flank or rear.

Context: was russia invaded in the war?

Context: Yes,  In 1812

Context: who is the latter aforementioned person involved in designing the statue?

Context: A French civil engineer best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower.

Context: was he involved in any scandal?

Context: Yes, Eiffel had been working on the project for little more than a year when the company suspended payments of interest on 14 December 1888, and shortly afterwards was put into liquidation. Eiffel's reputation was badly damaged when he was implicated in the financial and political scandal which followed.

Context: what does liquidation mean?

Context: Liquidation is the process in accounting by which a company is brought to an end in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, Cyprus, United States, Canada, Italy and many others. The assets and property of the company are redistributed.

Question: are there any names engraved on the tower designed by eiffel?

Answer: Gustave Eiffel engraved on the tower the names of 72 French scientists, engineers and mathematicians in recognition of their contributions to the building of the tower.

Explanation: Gustave Eiffel engraved on the tower the names of 72 French scientists, engineers and mathematicians in recognition of their contributions to the building of the tower. Eiffel chose this "invocation of science" because of his concern over the artists' protest. At the beginning of the 20th century, the engravings were painted over, but they were restored in 1986–87 by the , a company operating the tower.

Eiffel Tower [SEP] Engraved names


Context: where is statue of liberty located on a map

Context: The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800.

Context: who designed it?

Context: It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel

Context: any reference of the sculptor in pop culture?

Context: Bartholdi's life and creation of "Liberty Enlightening the World" are also featured in the 2019 documentary film, "Liberty: Mother of Exiles".

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: A Good Samaritan sculpture, a bronze memorial of Jean Rapp

Context: who is the person for which the bronze memorial is made?

Context: He was a French Army officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

Context: how is the latter war depicted in fiction?

Context: The Napoleonic Wars were a defining event of the early 19th century, and inspired many works of fiction, from then until the present day.

Context: when did the war start?

Context: The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813–14), and the Seventh (1815).

Context: mention a few fictional works inspired by the war?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: mention a few innovations that happened during the war?

Context: The semaphore system to communicate,  Aerial surveillance, mass produce of weapons because of industrial revolution.

Context: describe one tactic of napolean in the war?

Context: The ideal Napoleonic battle was to manipulate the enemy into an unfavourable position through manoeuvre and deception, force him to commit his main forces and reserve to the main battle and then undertake an enveloping attack with uncommitted or reserve troops on the flank or rear.

Context: was russia invaded in the war?

Context: Yes,  In 1812

Context: who is the latter aforementioned person involved in designing the statue?

Context: A French civil engineer best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower.

Context: was he involved in any scandal?

Context: Yes, Eiffel had been working on the project for little more than a year when the company suspended payments of interest on 14 December 1888, and shortly afterwards was put into liquidation. Eiffel's reputation was badly damaged when he was implicated in the financial and political scandal which followed.

Context: what does liquidation mean?

Context: Liquidation is the process in accounting by which a company is brought to an end in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, Cyprus, United States, Canada, Italy and many others. The assets and property of the company are redistributed.

Context: are there any names engraved on the tower designed by eiffel?

Context: Gustave Eiffel engraved on the tower the names of 72 French scientists, engineers and mathematicians in recognition of their contributions to the building of the tower.

Question: mention a few of those engraved names?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Eiffel Tower [SEP] Engraved names


Context: where is statue of liberty located on a map

Context: The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800.

Context: who designed it?

Context: It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel

Context: any reference of the sculptor in pop culture?

Context: Bartholdi's life and creation of "Liberty Enlightening the World" are also featured in the 2019 documentary film, "Liberty: Mother of Exiles".

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: A Good Samaritan sculpture, a bronze memorial of Jean Rapp

Context: who is the person for which the bronze memorial is made?

Context: He was a French Army officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

Context: how is the latter war depicted in fiction?

Context: The Napoleonic Wars were a defining event of the early 19th century, and inspired many works of fiction, from then until the present day.

Context: when did the war start?

Context: The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813–14), and the Seventh (1815).

Context: mention a few fictional works inspired by the war?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: mention a few innovations that happened during the war?

Context: The semaphore system to communicate,  Aerial surveillance, mass produce of weapons because of industrial revolution.

Context: describe one tactic of napolean in the war?

Context: The ideal Napoleonic battle was to manipulate the enemy into an unfavourable position through manoeuvre and deception, force him to commit his main forces and reserve to the main battle and then undertake an enveloping attack with uncommitted or reserve troops on the flank or rear.

Context: was russia invaded in the war?

Context: Yes,  In 1812

Context: who is the latter aforementioned person involved in designing the statue?

Context: A French civil engineer best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower.

Context: was he involved in any scandal?

Context: Yes, Eiffel had been working on the project for little more than a year when the company suspended payments of interest on 14 December 1888, and shortly afterwards was put into liquidation. Eiffel's reputation was badly damaged when he was implicated in the financial and political scandal which followed.

Context: what does liquidation mean?

Context: Liquidation is the process in accounting by which a company is brought to an end in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, Cyprus, United States, Canada, Italy and many others. The assets and property of the company are redistributed.

Context: are there any names engraved on the tower designed by eiffel?

Context: Gustave Eiffel engraved on the tower the names of 72 French scientists, engineers and mathematicians in recognition of their contributions to the building of the tower.

Context: mention a few of those engraved names?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what were the materials used in it?

Answer: Concrete slabs,  block of limestone,  hydraulic jacks

Explanation:
concrete slabs, one for each of the principal girders of each leg. The west and north legs, being closer to the river Seine, were more complicated: each slab needed two piles installed by using compressed-air caissons long and in diameter driven to a depth of to support the concrete slabs, which were thick. Each of these slabs supported a block of limestone with an inclined top to bear a supporting shoe for the ironwork.

Each shoe was anchored to the stonework by a pair of bolts in diameter and long. The foundations were completed on 30 June, and the erection of the ironwork began. The visible work on-site was complemented by the enormous amount of exacting preparatory work that took place behind the scenes: the drawing office produced 1,700 general drawings and 3,629 detailed drawings of the 18,038 different parts needed. The task of drawing the components was complicated by the complex angles involved in the design and the degree of precision required: the position of rivet holes wa

Eiffel Tower [SEP] Construction

Work on the foundations started on 28 January 1887. Those for the east and south legs were straightforward, with each leg resting on four concrete slabs, one for each of the principal girders of each leg. The west and north legs, being closer to the river Seine, were more complicated: each slab needed two piles installed by using compressed-air caissons long and in diameter driven to a depth of to support the concrete slabs, which were thick. Each of these slabs supported a block of limestone with an inclined top to bear a supporting shoe for the ironwork. Each shoe was anchored to the stonework by a pair of bolts in diameter and long.


Context: where is statue of liberty located on a map

Context: The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800.

Context: who designed it?

Context: It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel

Context: any reference of the sculptor in pop culture?

Context: Bartholdi's life and creation of "Liberty Enlightening the World" are also featured in the 2019 documentary film, "Liberty: Mother of Exiles".

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: A Good Samaritan sculpture, a bronze memorial of Jean Rapp

Context: who is the person for which the bronze memorial is made?

Context: He was a French Army officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

Context: how is the latter war depicted in fiction?

Context: The Napoleonic Wars were a defining event of the early 19th century, and inspired many works of fiction, from then until the present day.

Context: when did the war start?

Context: The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813–14), and the Seventh (1815).

Context: mention a few fictional works inspired by the war?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: mention a few innovations that happened during the war?

Context: The semaphore system to communicate,  Aerial surveillance, mass produce of weapons because of industrial revolution.

Context: describe one tactic of napolean in the war?

Context: The ideal Napoleonic battle was to manipulate the enemy into an unfavourable position through manoeuvre and deception, force him to commit his main forces and reserve to the main battle and then undertake an enveloping attack with uncommitted or reserve troops on the flank or rear.

Context: was russia invaded in the war?

Context: Yes,  In 1812

Context: who is the latter aforementioned person involved in designing the statue?

Context: A French civil engineer best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower.

Context: was he involved in any scandal?

Context: Yes, Eiffel had been working on the project for little more than a year when the company suspended payments of interest on 14 December 1888, and shortly afterwards was put into liquidation. Eiffel's reputation was badly damaged when he was implicated in the financial and political scandal which followed.

Context: what does liquidation mean?

Context: Liquidation is the process in accounting by which a company is brought to an end in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, Cyprus, United States, Canada, Italy and many others. The assets and property of the company are redistributed.

Context: are there any names engraved on the tower designed by eiffel?

Context: Gustave Eiffel engraved on the tower the names of 72 French scientists, engineers and mathematicians in recognition of their contributions to the building of the tower.

Context: mention a few of those engraved names?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what were the materials used in it?

Context: Concrete slabs,  block of limestone,  hydraulic jacks

Question: when was it inaugurated?

Answer: 31 March 1889

Eiffel Tower [SEP] Inauguration and the 1889 exposition

The main structural work was completed at the end of March 1889 and, on 31 March, Eiffel celebrated by leading a group of government officials, accompanied by representatives of the press, to the top of the tower. Because the lifts were not yet in operation, the ascent was made by foot, and took over an hour, with Eiffel stopping frequently to explain various features. Most of the party chose to stop at the lower levels, but a few, including the structural engineer, Émile Nouguier, the head of construction, Jean Compagnon, the President of the City Council, and reporters from "Le Figaro" and "Le Monde Illustré", completed the ascent.


Context: where is statue of liberty located on a map

Context: The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800.

Context: who designed it?

Context: It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel

Context: any reference of the sculptor in pop culture?

Context: Bartholdi's life and creation of "Liberty Enlightening the World" are also featured in the 2019 documentary film, "Liberty: Mother of Exiles".

Context: mention a few of his major works?

Context: A Good Samaritan sculpture, a bronze memorial of Jean Rapp

Context: who is the person for which the bronze memorial is made?

Context: He was a French Army officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

Context: how is the latter war depicted in fiction?

Context: The Napoleonic Wars were a defining event of the early 19th century, and inspired many works of fiction, from then until the present day.

Context: when did the war start?

Context: The wars are often categorised into five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1805), the Fourth (1806–07), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813–14), and the Seventh (1815).

Context: mention a few fictional works inspired by the war?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: mention a few innovations that happened during the war?

Context: The semaphore system to communicate,  Aerial surveillance, mass produce of weapons because of industrial revolution.

Context: describe one tactic of napolean in the war?

Context: The ideal Napoleonic battle was to manipulate the enemy into an unfavourable position through manoeuvre and deception, force him to commit his main forces and reserve to the main battle and then undertake an enveloping attack with uncommitted or reserve troops on the flank or rear.

Context: was russia invaded in the war?

Context: Yes,  In 1812

Context: who is the latter aforementioned person involved in designing the statue?

Context: A French civil engineer best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower.

Context: was he involved in any scandal?

Context: Yes, Eiffel had been working on the project for little more than a year when the company suspended payments of interest on 14 December 1888, and shortly afterwards was put into liquidation. Eiffel's reputation was badly damaged when he was implicated in the financial and political scandal which followed.

Context: what does liquidation mean?

Context: Liquidation is the process in accounting by which a company is brought to an end in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, Cyprus, United States, Canada, Italy and many others. The assets and property of the company are redistributed.

Context: are there any names engraved on the tower designed by eiffel?

Context: Gustave Eiffel engraved on the tower the names of 72 French scientists, engineers and mathematicians in recognition of their contributions to the building of the tower.

Context: mention a few of those engraved names?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what were the materials used in it?

Context: Concrete slabs,  block of limestone,  hydraulic jacks

Context: when was it inaugurated?

Context: 31 March 1889

Question: was there any protest related to it?

Answer: The proposed tower had been a subject of controversy, drawing criticism from those who did not believe it was feasible and those who objected on artistic grounds. Prior to the Eiffel Tower's construction, no structure had ever been constructed to a height of 300 metres, and many people believed it was impossible.

Eiffel Tower [SEP] Artists' protest

The proposed tower had been a subject of controversy, drawing criticism from those who did not believe it was feasible and those who objected on artistic grounds. Prior to the Eiffel Tower's construction, no structure had ever been constructed to a height of 300 metres, and many people believed it was impossible. These objections were an expression of a long-standing debate in France about the relationship between architecture and engineering. It came to a head as work began at the Champ de Mars: a "Committee of Three Hundred" (one member for each metre of the tower's height) was formed, led by the prominent architect Charles Garnier and including some of the most important figures of the arts, such as William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Guy de Maupassant, Charles Gounod and Jules Massenet.


Question: did the renaissance in europe lead to flourishing of humanism and individualism

Answer: Yes, the intellectual basis of the Renaissance was its version of humanism, derived from the concept of Roman "Humanitas".

Renaissance [SEP] Introduction

The intellectual basis of the Renaissance was its version of humanism, derived from the concept of Roman "Humanitas" and the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy, such as that of Protagoras, who said that "Man is the measure of all things." This new thinking became manifest in art, architecture, politics, science and literature. Early examples were the development of perspective in oil painting and the recycled knowledge of how to make concrete. Although the invention of metal movable type sped the dissemination of ideas from the later 15th century, the changes of the Renaissance were not uniformly experienced across Europe: the first traces appear in Italy as early as the late 13th century, in particular with the writings of Dante and the paintings of Giotto.


Context: did the renaissance in europe lead to flourishing of humanism and individualism

Context: Yes, the intellectual basis of the Renaissance was its version of humanism, derived from the concept of Roman "Humanitas".

Question: when did the renaissance take place?

Answer: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Renaissance [SEP] Introduction

The Renaissance ( , ) was a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It occurred after the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages and was associated with great social change. In addition to the standard periodization, proponents of a "long Renaissance" put its beginning in the 14th century and its end in the 17th century. The traditional view focuses more on the early modern aspects of the Renaissance and argues that it was a break from the past, but many historians today focus more on its medieval aspects and argue that it was an extension of the Middle Ages.


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Question: what is its origin?

Answer: Supposedly the late 13th-century Florence, in particular with the writings of Dante Alighieri and Petrarch, as well as the paintings of Giotto di Bondone.

Renaissance [SEP] Origins

Many argue that the ideas characterizing the Renaissance had their origin in late 13th-century Florence, in particular with the writings of Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) and Petrarch (1304–1374), as well as the paintings of Giotto di Bondone (1267–1337). Some writers date the Renaissance quite precisely; one proposed starting point is 1401, when the rival geniuses Lorenzo Ghiberti and Filippo Brunelleschi competed for the contract to build the bronze doors for the Baptistery of the Florence Cathedral (Ghiberti won). Others see more general competition between artists and polymaths such as Brunelleschi, Ghiberti, Donatello, and Masaccio for artistic commissions as sparking the creativity of the Renaissance.


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: Supposedly the late 13th-century Florence, in particular with the writings of Dante Alighieri and Petrarch, as well as the paintings of Giotto di Bondone.

Question: which phases did it have?

Answer: The Latin and the Greek phase

Explanation:
Broadly speaking, this began in the 14th century with a Latin phase, when Renaissance scholars such as Petrarch, Coluccio Salutati (1331–1406), Niccolò de' Niccoli (1364–1437) and Poggio Bracciolini (1380–1459) scoured the libraries of Europe in search of works by such Latin authors as Cicero, Lucretius, Livy and Seneca. By the early 15th century, the bulk of the surviving such Latin literature had been recovered; the Greek phase of Renaissance humanism was under way, as Western European scholars turned to recovering ancient Greek literary, historical, oratorical and theological texts.

Unlike with Latin texts, which had been preserved and studied in Western Europe since late antiquity, the study of ancient Greek texts was very limited in medieval Western Europe.

Renaissance [SEP] Latin and Greek phases of Renaissance humanism

Unlike with Latin texts, which had been preserved and studied in Western Europe since late antiquity, the study of ancient Greek texts was very limited in medieval Western Europe. Ancient Greek works on science, maths and philosophy had been studied since the High Middle Ages in Western Europe and in the Islamic Golden Age (normally in translation), but Greek literary, oratorical and historical works (such as Homer, the Greek dramatists, Demosthenes and Thucydides) were not studied in either the Latin or medieval Islamic worlds; in the Middle Ages these sorts of texts were only studied by Byzantine scholars. Some argues that the Timurid Renaissance in Samarkand was linked with Ottoman Empire whose conquests led the migration of Greek scholars in Italian cities.


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Question: is the first word a language?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

In stark contrast to the High Middle Ages, when Latin scholars focused almost entirely on studying Greek and Arabic works of natural science, philosophy and mathematics. Renaissance scholars were most interested in recovering and studying Latin and Greek literary, historical, and oratorical texts. Broadly speaking, this began in the 14th century with a Latin phase, when Renaissance scholars such as Petrarch, Coluccio Salutati (1331–1406), Niccolò de' Niccoli (1364–1437) and Poggio Bracciolini (1380–1459) scoured the libraries of Europe in search of works by such Latin authors as Cicero, Lucretius, Livy and Seneca. By the early 15th century, the bulk of the surviving such Latin literature had been recovered; the Greek phase of Renaissance humanism was under way, as Western European scholars turned to recovering ancient Greek literary, historical, oratorical and theological texts.


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: from which country is the latter from?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: was any disease prevalent during the renaissance?

Answer: Yes, the Black Death

Renaissance [SEP] Black Death

One theory that has been advanced is that the devastation in Florence caused by the Black Death, which hit Europe between 1348 and 1350, resulted in a shift in the world view of people in 14th century Italy. Italy was particularly badly hit by the plague, and it has been speculated that the resulting familiarity with death caused thinkers to dwell more on their lives on Earth, rather than on spirituality and the afterlife. It has also been argued that the Black Death prompted a new wave of piety, manifested in the sponsorship of religious works of art. However, this does not fully explain why the Renaissance occurred specifically in Italy in the 14th century.


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was any disease prevalent during the renaissance?

Context: Yes, the Black Death

Question: how was the renaissance related to art?

Answer: Renaissance art marks a cultural rebirth at the close of the Middle Ages and rise of the Modern world.

Renaissance [SEP] Art

Renaissance art marks a cultural rebirth at the close of the Middle Ages and rise of the Modern world. One of the distinguishing features of Renaissance art was its development of highly realistic linear perspective. Giotto di Bondone (1267–1337) is credited with first treating a painting as a window into space, but it was not until the demonstrations of architect Filippo Brunelleschi (1377–1446) and the subsequent writings of Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472) that perspective was formalized as an artistic technique. The development of perspective was part of a wider trend towards realism in the arts. Painters developed other techniques, studying light, shadow, and, famously in the case of Leonardo da Vinci, human anatomy.


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Black Death

Context: how was the renaissance related to art?

Context: Renaissance art marks a cultural rebirth at the close of the Middle Ages and rise of the Modern world.

Question: what cultural relation did it have in the city you just mentioned?

Answer: It is considered the birthplace of High Renaissance art.

Florence [SEP] Art

Florence was the birthplace of High Renaissance art, which lasted from 1450–1527. While Medieval art focused on basic story telling of the Bible, Renaissance art focused on naturalism and human emotion. Medieval art was abstract, formulaic, and largely produced by monks whereas Renaissance art was rational, mathematical, individualistic, consisted of linear perspective and shading (Chiaroscuro) and produced by specialists (Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Michelangelo, and Raphael). Religion was important, but with this new age came the humanization of religious figures in art, such as Expulsion from the Garden of Eden, Ecce Homo (Bosch, 1470s), and Madonna Della Seggiola; People of this age began to understand themselves as human beings, which reflected in art.


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Black Death

Context: how was the renaissance related to art?

Context: what cultural relation did it have in the city you just mentioned?

Context: It is considered the birthplace of High Renaissance art.

Question: what other names did the disease you just mentioned have?

Answer: The Pestilence, the Great Mortality, or the Plague

Black Death [SEP] Introduction

The Black Death (also known as the Pestilence, the Great Mortality, or the Plague) was the deadliest pandemic recorded in human history. The Black Death resulted in the deaths of up to people in Eurasia and North Africa, peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. Plague, the disease caused by the bacterium "Yersinia pestis", was the cause; The "Y. pestis" infection most commonly results in bubonic plague, but can also cause septicaemic or pneumonic plagues. The Black Death was the beginning of the second plague pandemic. The plague created religious, social, and economic upheavals, with profound effects on the course of European history.


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Black Death

Context: how was the renaissance related to art?

Context: what other names did the disease you just mentioned have?

Context: The Pestilence, the Great Mortality, or the Plague

Question: how many people died?

Answer: According to medieval historian Philip Daileader, 45–50% of the European population died;  Norwegian historian Ole Benedictow suggests it could have been as much as 60%.

Explanation: According to medieval historian Philip Daileader, it is likely that over four years, 45–50% of the European population died of plague. Norwegian historian Ole Benedictow suggests it could have been as much as 60% of the European population

Black Death [SEP] Deaths

The most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East, including Iraq, Iran, and Syria, during this time, is for a death toll of about a third of the population. The Black Death killed about 40% of Egypt's population. In Cairo, with a population numbering as many as 600,000, and possibly the largest city west of China, between one third and 40% of the inhabitants died inside of eight months.


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Black Death

Context: how was the renaissance related to art?

Context: how many people died?

Context: According to medieval historian Philip Daileader, 45–50% of the European population died;  Norwegian historian Ole Benedictow suggests it could have been as much as 60%.

Question: what are the different names for the plagues?

Answer: It was called the "pestilence" or "great pestilence", "the plague", "great death" or the "furste moreyn".

Black Death [SEP] Names

European writers contemporary with the plague described the disease in Latin as or ; ; . In English prior to the 18th century, the event was called the "pestilence" or "great pestilence", "the plague" or the "great death". Subsequent to the pandemic "the "furste moreyn"" (first murrain) or "first pestilence" was applied, to distinguish the mid-14th century phenomenon from other infectious diseases and epidemics of plague. The 1347 pandemic plague was not referred to specifically as "black" in the 14th or 15th centuries in any European language, though the expression "black death" had occasionally been applied to fatal disease beforehand.


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Black Death

Context: how was the renaissance related to art?

Context: how many people died?

Context: what are the different names for the plagues?

Context: It was called the "pestilence" or "great pestilence", "the plague", "great death" or the "furste moreyn".

Question: which places were affected by it?

Answer: Eurasia, North Africa, Europe

Explanation: The Black Death resulted in the deaths of up to  people in Eurasia and North Africa, peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.

Black Death [SEP] Introduction

The Black Death most likely originated in Central Asia or East Asia, from where it travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1347. From there, it was most likely carried by fleas living on the black rats that travelled on Genoese merchant ships, spreading throughout the Mediterranean Basin and reaching Africa, Western Asia, and the rest of Europe via Constantinople, Sicily, and the Italian Peninsula. Current evidence indicates that once it came onshore, the Black Death was in large part spread by human fleas – which cause pneumonic plague – and the person-to-person contact via aerosols which pneumonic plague enables, thus explaining the very fast inland spread of the epidemic, which was faster than would be expected if the primary vector was rat fleas causing bubonic plague.


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Black Death

Context: how was the renaissance related to art?

Context: how many people died?

Context: which places were affected by it?

Context: Eurasia, North Africa, Europe

Question: were there any renaissance debates?

Answer: Yes, there is a debate about the extent to which the Renaissance improved on the culture of the Middle Ages.

Explanation:
There is debate about the extent to which the Renaissance improved on the culture of the Middle Ages. Both Michelet and Burckhardt were keen to describe the progress made in the Renaissance towards the modern age. Burckhardt likened the change to a veil being removed from man's eyes, allowing him to see clearly.

On the other hand, many historians now point out that most of the negative social factors popularly associated with the medieval period—poverty, warfare, religious and political persecution, for example—seem to have worsened in this era, which saw the rise of Machiavellian politics, the Wars of Religion, the corrupt Borgia Popes, and the intensified witch hunts of the 16th century.

Renaissance [SEP] Debates about progress


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Black Death

Context: how was the renaissance related to art?

Context: how many people died?

Context: which places were affected by it?

Context: Eurasia, North Africa, Europe

Context: were there any renaissance debates?

Context: Yes, there is a debate about the extent to which the Renaissance improved on the culture of the Middle Ages.

Question: who conceived it?

Answer: Michelet and Burckhardt

Explanation: Both Michelet and Burckhardt were keen to describe the progress made in the Renaissance towards the modern age


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Black Death

Context: how was the renaissance related to art?

Context: how many people died?

Context: which places were affected by it?

Context: Eurasia, North Africa, Europe

Context: were there any renaissance debates?

Context: who conceived it?

Context: Michelet and Burckhardt

Question: do you know their full names?

Answer: Jules Michelet and Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt

Jacob Burckhardt [SEP] Introduction

Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt (May 25, 1818 – August 8, 1897) was a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields. He is known as one of the major progenitors of cultural history. Sigfried Giedion described Burckhardt's achievement in the following terms: "The great discoverer of the age of the Renaissance, he first showed how a period should be treated in its entirety, with regard not only for its painting, sculpture and architecture, but for the social institutions of its daily life as well." His best known work is "The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy" (1860).


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Black Death

Context: how was the renaissance related to art?

Context: how many people died?

Context: which places were affected by it?

Context: Eurasia, North Africa, Europe

Context: were there any renaissance debates?

Context: who conceived it?

Context: Michelet and Burckhardt

Context: do you know their full names?

Context: Jules Michelet and Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt

Question: how was it related to science?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Jacob Burckhardt [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did the renaissance take place?

Context: It covered the 15th and 16th centuries

Context: what is its origin?

Context: which phases did it have?

Context: The Latin and the Greek phase

Context: is the first word a language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: from which country is the latter from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, the Black Death

Context: how was the renaissance related to art?

Context: how many people died?

Context: which places were affected by it?

Context: Eurasia, North Africa, Europe

Context: were there any renaissance debates?

Context: who conceived it?

Context: Michelet and Burckhardt

Context: do you know their full names?

Context: how was it related to science?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you name any of the other renaissances?

Answer: Carolingian Renaissance, Renaissance of the 12th century, Timurid Renaissance of the 14th century, Islamic Renaissance etc.

Renaissance [SEP] Other Renaissances

The term "Renaissance" has also been used to define periods outside of the 15th and 16th centuries. Charles H. Haskins (1870–1937), for example, made a case for a Renaissance of the 12th century. Other historians have argued for a Carolingian Renaissance in the 8th and 9th centuries, Ottonian Renaissance in the 10th century and for the Timurid Renaissance of the 14th century. The Islamic Golden Age has been also sometimes termed with the Islamic Renaissance. Other periods of cultural rebirth have also been termed "renaissances", such as the Bengal Renaissance, Tamil Renaissance, Nepal Bhasa renaissance, al-Nahda or the Harlem Renaissance.


Question: where did war of the worlds take place

Answer: The film was shot in 73 days, using five different sound stages as well as locations in California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia.

War of the Worlds (2005 film) [SEP] Introduction

This was Gene Barry's final film before his retirement that year and his death in 2009. The film was shot in 73 days, using five different sound stages as well as locations in California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia. The film was surrounded by a secrecy campaign so few details would be leaked before its release. Tie-in promotions were made with several companies, including Hitachi. "War of the Worlds" was released in the United States on June 29, 2005 and in United Kingdom on July 1, 2005, by Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising the performances (particularly those of Cruise and Fanning), Spielberg's direction, screenplay, action sequences and visual effects, and was a box office success, becoming 2005's fourth most successful film both domestically and worldwide, with $234 million in North America, and $603 million overall.


Context: where did war of the worlds take place

Context: The film was shot in 73 days, using five different sound stages as well as locations in California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia.

Question: what is its genre?

Answer: American science fiction action film

Explanation: American science fiction action film

War of the Worlds is a 2005 American science fiction action film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and David Koepp, loosely based on the 1898 similarly-titled novel by H. G. Wells and jointly produced and released by Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures. It stars Tom Cruise with Dakota Fanning, Justin Chatwin, Miranda Otto, and Tim Robbins in supporting roles. It also features narration by Morgan Freeman. The film follows an American dock worker who is forced to look after his children, from whom he lives separately, as he struggles to protect them and reunite them with their mother when extraterrestrials invade the Earth and devastate cities with giant war machines.


Context: where did war of the worlds take place

Context: what is its genre?

Context: American science fiction action film

Question: what is it based on?

Answer: An American dock worker who is forced to look after his children, from whom he lives separately, as he struggles to protect them and reunite them with their mother when extraterrestrials invade the Earth and devastate cities with giant war machines.

Explanation: an American dock worker who is forced to look after his children, from whom he lives separately, as he struggles to protect them and reunite them with their mother when extraterrestrials invade the Earth and devastate cities with giant war machines.


Context: where did war of the worlds take place

Context: what is its genre?

Context: American science fiction action film

Context: what is it based on?

Context: An American dock worker who is forced to look after his children, from whom he lives separately, as he struggles to protect them and reunite them with their mother when extraterrestrials invade the Earth and devastate cities with giant war machines.

Question: what are the various themes that can be seen here?

Answer: Fantasy and fear

Explanation: fears

War of the Worlds (2005 film) [SEP] Themes

The film was described as an anti-war film, as civilians run and only try to save themselves and their family instead of fighting back against the alien Tripods. Debra J. Saunders of "San Francisco Chronicle" described the film as "If aliens invade, fight." Saunders compared the film to "Independence Day", where the civilians do run, but they support the military efforts. Many reviewers considered the film tried to recreate the atmosphere of the September 11 attacks, with bystanders struggling to survive and the usage of missing-persons displays. Spielberg declared to "Reader's Digest" that beside the work being a fantasy, the threat represented was real: "They are a wake-up call to face our fears as we confront a force intent on destroying our way of life." Screenwriter David Koepp stated that he tried not to put explicit references to September 11 or the Iraq War, but said that the inspiration for the scene where Robbie joins the Marines was teenagers fighting in the Gaza Strip – "I was thinking of teenagers in Gaza throwing bottles and rocks at tanks, and I think that when you're that age you don't fully consider the ramifications of what you're doing and you're very much caught up in the moment and passion, whether that's a good idea or not." Retained from the novel is the aliens being defeated, not by men's weapons, but the planet's smallest creatures, bacteria, which Koepp described as "nature, in a way, knowing a whole lot more than we do".


Context: where did war of the worlds take place

Context: what is its genre?

Context: American science fiction action film

Context: what is it based on?

Context: what are the various themes that can be seen here?

Context: Fantasy and fear

Question: who did the soundtrack ?

Answer: John Williams

Explanation: John Williams

War of the Worlds (2005 film) [SEP] Music

Longtime Spielberg collaborator John Williams composed the music score of "War of the Worlds". It was the first time Williams had to compose with an incomplete Spielberg film, as only the first six reels, totalling sixty minutes, were ready for him to use as reference. He considered the score "a very serious piece," which had to combine "necessary frightening atmosphere" with "propulsively rhythmic drive for the action scenes" – the music would be symbolically "pulling forward" vehicles in chase scenes such as Ray driving out of Bayonne or the Tripod attacking the Hudson ferry. Williams added small nods to classic monster movie scores by having orchestras doing a "grand gesture" in scenes overlooking Tripods.


Context: where did war of the worlds take place

Context: what is its genre?

Context: American science fiction action film

Context: what is it based on?

Context: Fantasy and fear

Context: who did the soundtrack ?

Context: John Williams

Question: what all awards has he received for his work?

Answer: He has been nominated for 52 Academy Awards, winning five; six Emmy Awards, winning three; 25 Golden Globe Awards, winning four; 71 Grammy Awards etc

John Williams [SEP] Awards

John Williams has been nominated for 52 Academy Awards, winning five; six Emmy Awards, winning three; 25 Golden Globe Awards, winning four; 71 Grammy Awards, winning 25; and has received seven British Academy Film Awards. With 52 Oscar nominations, Williams currently holds the record for the most Oscar nominations for a living person, and is the second most nominated person in Academy Awards history behind Walt Disney's 59. Forty-six of Williams's Oscar nominations are for Best Original Score and five are for Best Original Song. He won four Oscars for Best Original Score and one for Best Scoring: Adaptation and Original Song Score "(Fiddler on the Roof)".