Context: Inner planets and outer planets.

Context: what is the former one comprises of?

Context: how this planet is named?

Context: 1 year, 320 days and 18.2 hours.

Context: how many  natural satellite it have?

Context: Two- Phobos and Deimos.

Context: are there any cultural impact related to this planet?

Context: In different cultures, Mars represents masculinity and youth. Its symbol, a circle with an arrow pointing out to the upper right, is used as a symbol for the male gender.

Question: which are the outer planets of the system mentioned earlier?

Answer: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Explanation: . The four outer planets are giant planets, being substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest planets, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants

Solar System [SEP] Introduction


Context: nine planets of the solar system in order

Context: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.

Context: which are the two segments of this system?

Context: Inner planets and outer planets.

Context: what is the former one comprises of?

Context: The former comprising of the planets  Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, is primarily composed of rock and metal.

Context: what is the atmospheric condition of the last mentioned planet?

Context: There is an atmospheric loss due to trailing off of atmospheric particles.

Context: how this planet is named?

Context: In English, the planet is named for the Roman god of war, an association made because of its red color, which suggests blood.

Context: can you tell me some physical characteristics of this planet?

Context: It is approximately half the diameter of Earth, with a surface area only slightly less than the total area of Earth's dry land.

Context: what is the time it takes to complete one revolution around the sun?

Context: 1 year, 320 days and 18.2 hours.

Context: how many  natural satellite it have?

Context: Two- Phobos and Deimos.

Context: which are the outer planets of the system mentioned earlier?

Context: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Question: which among them is the largest?

Answer: Jupiter and Saturn are the largest among them.

Solar System [SEP] Introduction

The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets are giant planets, being substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest planets, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, called volatiles, such as water, ammonia and methane. All eight planets have almost circular orbits that lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic.


Context: Inner planets and outer planets.

Context: what is the former one comprises of?

Context: how this planet is named?

Context: 1 year, 320 days and 18.2 hours.

Context: how many  natural satellite it have?

Context: Two- Phobos and Deimos.

Context: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Context: which among them is the largest?

Context: Jupiter and Saturn are the largest among them.

Question: why pluto is not considered as a planet?

Answer: Because of discovery of several objects of similar size in the Kuiper belt.

Pluto [SEP] Introduction

Pluto (minor planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It was the first and the largest Kuiper belt object to be discovered. Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930 and declared to be the ninth planet from the Sun. After 1992, its status as a planet was questioned following the discovery of several objects of similar size in the Kuiper belt. In 2005, Eris, a dwarf planet in the scattered disc which is 27% more massive than Pluto, was discovered. This led the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to define the term "planet" formally in 2006, during their 26th General Assembly.


Context: Inner planets and outer planets.

Context: what is the former one comprises of?

Context: how this planet is named?

Context: 1 year, 320 days and 18.2 hours.

Context: how many  natural satellite it have?

Context: Two- Phobos and Deimos.

Context: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Context: which among them is the largest?

Context: why pluto is not considered as a planet?

Context: Because of discovery of several objects of similar size in the Kuiper belt.

Question: can you explain the belt you just mentioned?

Answer: It is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun.

Explanation: The Kuiper belt (), occasionally called the Edgeworth–Kuiper belt, is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun.

Kuiper belt [SEP] Introduction

Pluto is the largest and most massive member of the Kuiper belt, and the largest and the second-most-massive known TNO, surpassed only by Eris in the scattered disc. Originally considered a planet, Pluto's status as part of the Kuiper belt caused it to be reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. It is compositionally similar to many other objects of the Kuiper belt and its orbital period is characteristic of a class of KBOs, known as "plutinos", that share the same 2:3 resonance with Neptune.


Context: Inner planets and outer planets.

Context: what is the former one comprises of?

Context: how this planet is named?

Context: 1 year, 320 days and 18.2 hours.

Context: how many  natural satellite it have?

Context: Two- Phobos and Deimos.

Context: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Context: which among them is the largest?

Context: can you explain the belt you just mentioned?

Context: It is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun.

Question: can you name some other objects of this belt?

Answer: It consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed along with three dwarf planets.

Explanation: Like the asteroid belt, it consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed. While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal, most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles (termed "ices"), such as methane, ammonia and water. The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets: Pluto, Haumea and Makemake. Some of the Solar System's moons, such as Neptune's Triton and Saturn's Phoebe, may have originated in the region.

Kuiper belt [SEP] Introduction


Context: Inner planets and outer planets.

Context: what is the former one comprises of?

Context: how this planet is named?

Context: 1 year, 320 days and 18.2 hours.

Context: how many  natural satellite it have?

Context: Two- Phobos and Deimos.

Context: are there any cultural impact related to this planet?

Context: In different cultures, Mars represents masculinity and youth. Its symbol, a circle with an arrow pointing out to the upper right, is used as a symbol for the male gender.

Context: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Context: which among them is the largest?

Context: can you name some other objects of this belt?

Context: It consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed along with three dwarf planets.

Question: what is centaurs?

Answer: They are icy comet-like bodies whose orbits have semi-major axes greater than Jupiter's (5.5 AU) and less than Neptune's (30 AU).

Solar System [SEP] Centaurs

The centaurs are icy comet-like bodies whose orbits have semi-major axes greater than Jupiter's (5.5 AU) and less than Neptune's (30 AU). The largest known centaur, 10199 Chariklo, has a diameter of about 250 km. The first centaur discovered, 2060 Chiron, has also been classified as a comet (95P) because it develops a coma just as comets do when they approach the Sun.


Question: songs on the album rumors by fleetwood mac

Answer: "Go Your Own Way", "Dreams", "Don't Stop",  "You Make Loving Fun" , and others.

Rumours (album) [SEP] Introduction

The members partied and used cocaine for much of the recording sessions, and its completion was delayed by its mixing process, but was finished by the end of 1976. Following the album's release, Fleetwood Mac undertook worldwide promotional tours. "Rumours" became the band's first number one album on the UK Albums Chart and also topped the US "Billboard" 200. The songs "Go Your Own Way", "Dreams", "Don't Stop", and "You Make Loving Fun" were released as singles, all of which reached the US top 10. "Rumours" was an instant commercial success, selling over 10 million copies worldwide within just a month of its release.


Context: songs on the album rumors by fleetwood mac

Context: "Go Your Own Way", "Dreams", "Don't Stop",  "You Make Loving Fun" , and others.

Question: does this album belongs to any band?

Answer: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Rumours (album) [SEP] Introduction

Rumours is the eleventh studio album by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released on 4 February 1977 by Warner Bros. Records. Largely recorded in California in 1976, it was produced by the band with Ken Caillat and Richard Dashut. The band wanted to expand on the commercial success of their eponymous 1975 album, but struggled with relationship breakups before recording started. The "Rumours" studio sessions were marked by hedonism and strife among band members that shaped the album's lyrics. Recorded with the intention of making "a pop album", the album's music featured a pop rock and soft rock sound characterized by accented rhythms and electric keyboards such as the Fender Rhodes or Hammond B3 organ.


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Question: who are its members?

Answer: Peter Green, Mick Fleetwood, Christine Perfect, Jeremy Spencer and, John McVie.

Fleetwood Mac [SEP] Introduction

Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967. Fleetwood Mac were founded by guitarist Peter Green, drummer Mick Fleetwood and guitarist Jeremy Spencer, before bassist John McVie joined the lineup for their self-titled debut album. Danny Kirwan joined as a third guitarist in 1968. Keyboardist Christine Perfect, who contributed as a session musician from the second album, married McVie and joined in 1970. Primarily a British blues band, Fleetwood Mac scored a UK number one with "Albatross", and had other hits such as the singles "Oh Well" and "Man of the World". All three guitarists left in succession during the early 1970s, to be replaced by guitarists Bob Welch and Bob Weston and vocalist Dave Walker.


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: Peter Green, Mick Fleetwood, Christine Perfect, Jeremy Spencer and, John McVie.

Question: where was the above album recorded?

Answer: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Rumours (album) [SEP] Recording

In February 1976, Fleetwood Mac convened at the Record Plant in Sausalito, California, with hired engineers Ken Caillat and Richard Dashut. Production duties were shared by the three parties, while the more technically adept Caillat was responsible for most of the engineering; he took a leave of absence from Wally Heider Studios in Los Angeles on the premise that Fleetwood Mac would eventually use their facilities. The set-up in Sausalito included a number of small recording rooms in a large, windowless, wooden building. Most band members complained about the studio and wanted to record at their homes, but Fleetwood did not allow any moves.


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: where was the above album recorded?

Context: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Question: what is the genre of the band?

Answer: Rock.

Explanation: Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967.

Fleetwood Mac [SEP] Introduction


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: where was the above album recorded?

Context: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Context: what is the genre of the band?

Context: Rock.

Question: how did the album perform commercially?

Answer: It was an instant commercial success.

Explanation: Rumours" was an instant commercial success, selling over 10 million copies worldwide within just a month of its release.

Rumours (album) [SEP] Introduction

It garnered widespread acclaim from critics, with praise centred on its production quality and harmonies, which frequently relied on the interplay among three vocalists and has inspired the work of musical acts in different genres. It won Album of the Year at the 1978 Grammy Awards. It has sold over 45 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling albums of all time. Domestically, it has received Diamond certifications in several countries, including the UK, Canada, and Australia, and has been certified 20× platinum in the US.


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: where was the above album recorded?

Context: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Context: what is the genre of the band?

Context: Rock.

Context: how did the album perform commercially?

Context: It was an instant commercial success.

Question: was their any dispute regarding the band's name?

Answer: Yes, the band manager , Clifford Davis formed the "New Fleetwood Mac" and made them perform in the place of the original.

Explanation: In late 1973, after the collapse of the US tour, the band's manager, Clifford Davis, was left with major touring commitments to fulfil and no band. Fleetwood Mac had "temporarily disbanded" in Nebraska and its members had gone their separate ways. Davis was concerned that failing to complete the tour would destroy his reputation with bookers and promoters. He sent the band a letter in which he said he "hadn't slaved for years to be brought down by the whims of irresponsible musicians". Davis claimed that he owned the name 'Fleetwood Mac' and the right to choose the band members, and he recruited members of the band Legs, which had recently issued one single under Davis's management, to tour the US in early 1974 under the name 'The New Fleetwood Mac' and perform the rescheduled dates. This band - who

Fleetwood Mac [SEP] 1974: Name dispute and 'fake Fleetwood Mac'


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: where was the above album recorded?

Context: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Context: what is the genre of the band?

Context: Rock.

Context: how did the album perform commercially?

Context: It was an instant commercial success.

Context: was their any dispute regarding the band's name?

Context: Yes, the band manager , Clifford Davis formed the "New Fleetwood Mac" and made them perform in the place of the original.

Question: which awards did it win?

Answer: Yes, the album won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1978.

Fleetwood Mac [SEP] Introduction

Top 10 singles and remained at number one on the American albums chart for 31 weeks. It also reached the top spot in various countries around the world and won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1978. "Rumours" has sold over 40 million copies worldwide, making it the one of the best-selling albums in history. The band went through personal turmoil while recording the album, as both the romantic partnerships in the band (one being John and Christine McVie, and the other being Buckingham and Nicks) separated while continuing to make music together.


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: where was the above album recorded?

Context: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Context: what is the genre of the band?

Context: Rock.

Context: how did the album perform commercially?

Context: It was an instant commercial success.

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: Yes, the album won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1978.

Question: name some other album or songs of it?

Answer: "Albatross", "Oh Well", "Man of the World" and others.

Explanation: Primarily a British blues band, Fleetwood Mac scored a UK number one with "Albatross", and had other hits such as the singles "Oh Well" and "Man of the World".

Fleetwood Mac [SEP] Introduction


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: where was the above album recorded?

Context: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Context: what is the genre of the band?

Context: Rock.

Context: how did the album perform commercially?

Context: It was an instant commercial success.

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: name some other album or songs of it?

Context: "Albatross", "Oh Well", "Man of the World" and others.

Question: is the first one song or album?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Fleetwood Mac [SEP] Introduction


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: where was the above album recorded?

Context: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Context: what is the genre of the band?

Context: Rock.

Context: how did the album perform commercially?

Context: It was an instant commercial success.

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: name some other album or songs of it?

Context: is the first one song or album?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: was the band named after the second member you mentioned above?

Answer: Yes, his and that of John "Mac" McVie.

Mick Fleetwood [SEP] Introduction

Michael John Kells Fleetwood (born 24 June 1947) is a British musician and actor, best known as the drummer, co-founder, and de facto leader of the rock band Fleetwood Mac. Fleetwood, whose surname was merged with that of the group's bassist John "Mac" McVie to form the name of the band, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. Born in Redruth, Cornwall, Fleetwood lived in Egypt and Norway for much of his childhood years as his father travelled with the Royal Air Force. Choosing to follow his musical interests, Fleetwood travelled to London at the age of 15, eventually combining with Peter Green, Jeremy Spencer and Bob Brunning, at Green's behest, to become the first incarnation of Fleetwood Mac.


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: where was the above album recorded?

Context: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Context: what is the genre of the band?

Context: Rock.

Context: how did the album perform commercially?

Context: It was an instant commercial success.

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: name some other album or songs of it?

Context: is the first one song or album?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the band named after the second member you mentioned above?

Context: Yes, his and that of John "Mac" McVie.

Question: which instrument does he play?

Answer: The former played drum.

Explanation: Michael John Kells Fleetwood (born 24 June 1947) is a British musician and actor, best known as the drummer, co-founder, and de facto leader of the rock band Fleetwood Mac.

Mick Fleetwood [SEP] Introduction


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: where was the above album recorded?

Context: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Context: what is the genre of the band?

Context: Rock.

Context: how did the album perform commercially?

Context: It was an instant commercial success.

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: name some other album or songs of it?

Context: is the first one song or album?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, his and that of John "Mac" McVie.

Context: which instrument does he play?

Context: The former played drum.

Question: is the former the vocalist of the band?

Answer: No, he was the drummer.

Explanation: leetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967. Fleetwood Mac were founded by guitarist Peter Green, drummer Mick Fleetwood and guitarist Jeremy Spencer, before bassist John McVie joined the lineup for their self-titled debut album. Danny Kirwan joined as a third guitarist in 1968. Keyboardist Christine Perfect, who contributed as a session musician from the second album, married McVie and joined in 1970

Fleetwood Mac [SEP] Introduction


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: where was the above album recorded?

Context: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Context: what is the genre of the band?

Context: Rock.

Context: how did the album perform commercially?

Context: It was an instant commercial success.

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: name some other album or songs of it?

Context: is the first one song or album?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, his and that of John "Mac" McVie.

Context: which instrument does he play?

Context: The former played drum.

Context: is the former the vocalist of the band?

Context: No, he was the drummer.

Question: then who was the lead vocalist of the band?

Answer: The vocalists kept changing and one such vocalist was Dave Walker.

Explanation: Primarily a British blues band, Fleetwood Mac scored a UK number one with "Albatross", and had other hits such as the singles "Oh Well" and "Man of the World". All three guitarists left in succession during the early 1970s, to be replaced by guitarists Bob Welch and Bob Weston and vocalist Dave Walker. By 1974, all three of them had either departed or been dismissed, leaving the band without a male lead vocalist or guitarist. In late 1974, while Fleetwood was scouting studios in Los Angeles, he was introduced to American folk-rock duo Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks. Fleetwood Mac soon asked Buckingham to be their new lead guitarist, and Buckingham agreed on condition that Nicks would also join the band.

Fleetwood Mac [SEP] Introduction


Context: does this album belongs to any band?

Context: Yes, Fleetwood Mac.

Context: who are its members?

Context: where was the above album recorded?

Context: Record Plant in Sausalito, California.

Context: what is the genre of the band?

Context: Rock.

Context: how did the album perform commercially?

Context: It was an instant commercial success.

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: name some other album or songs of it?

Context: is the first one song or album?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, his and that of John "Mac" McVie.

Context: which instrument does he play?

Context: The former played drum.

Context: is the former the vocalist of the band?

Context: No, he was the drummer.

Context: then who was the lead vocalist of the band?

Context: The vocalists kept changing and one such vocalist was Dave Walker.

Question: what was this vocalist into before joining the aforementioned band?

Answer: He was a member of the band Savoy Brown.

Dave Walker [SEP] Savoy Brown (1971–1972)

In 1971, guitarist Kim Simmonds, leader of blues-rock band Savoy Brown, lost the rest of his band - guitarist Dave Peverett, bassist Tony Stevens, and drummer Roger Earl - after they decided to depart Savoy Brown in order to form Foghat with former Black Cat Bones guitarist Rod Price. To replace the departing members, Simmonds hired Walker on vocals, along with three recently departed members' of Stan Webb's Chicken Shack - keyboardist/guitarist Paul Raymond (later of UFO and Michael Schenker Group), bassist Andy Silvester, and drummer Dave Bidwell. They recorded the "Street Corner Talking" album in 1971 on Parrot/Deram Records, which included one of Savoy Brown's biggest hits "Tell Mama", written by Raymond, and they headlined a tour over Rod Stewart and The Grease Band in early 1971, as persistent touring was beginning to pay off for the Savoys.


Question: how did the colony of massachusetts get its name

Answer: It was named after the indigenous population, the Massachusett, whose name likely derived from a Wôpanâak word "muswachasut".

Massachusetts [SEP] Etymology

The Massachusetts Bay Colony was named after the indigenous population, the Massachusett, whose name likely derived from a Wôpanâak word "muswachasut", segmented as "mus(ây)" "big" + "wach8" "mountain" + "-s" "diminutive" + -"ut" "locative" (the '8' in these words refers to the 'oo' sound according to the Wôpanâak orthographic chart). It has been translated as "near the great hill", "by the blue hills", "at the little big hill", or "at the range of hills", referring to the Blue Hills, or in particular the Great Blue Hill, which is located on the boundary of Milton and Canton. Alternatively, "Massachusett" has been represented as "Moswetuset"—from the name of the Moswetuset Hummock (meaning "hill shaped like an arrowhead") in Quincy, where Plymouth Colony commander Myles Standish (a hired English military officer) and Squanto (a member of the now disappeared Patuxet band of the Wampanoag peoples) met Chief Chickatawbut in 1621.


Context: how did the colony of massachusetts get its name

Context: It was named after the indigenous population, the Massachusett, whose name likely derived from a Wôpanâak word "muswachasut".

Question: where is it located?

Answer: In the New England region of the north-eastern United States.

Massachusetts [SEP] Introduction

Massachusetts (, ) (officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts) is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It borders on the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The capital of Massachusetts is Boston, which is also the most populous city in New England. It is home to the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution.


Context: where is it located?

Context: In the New England region of the north-eastern United States.

Question: what climatic changes observed in the place mentioned?

Answer: The Northeast is projected to warm faster than global average temperatures.

Massachusetts [SEP] Climate change

Climate change in Massachusetts will affect both urban and rural environments, including forestry, fisheries, agriculture, and coastal development. The Northeast is projected to warm faster than global average temperatures; by 2035, the Northeast is "projected to be more than 3.6°F (2°C) warmer on average than during the preindustrial era."


Context: where is it located?

Context: what climatic changes observed in the place mentioned?

Context: The Northeast is projected to warm faster than global average temperatures.

Question: which ethnicities contribute to the state's population?

Answer: As of 2014, it has 83.2% White, 8.8% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American and Alaska Native, 6.3% Asian American, and Other Pacific Islander, 2.1% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race make up 11.2% of the population.

Massachusetts [SEP] Race and ancestry

As of 2014, in terms of race and ethnicity, Massachusetts was 83.2% White (73.7% Non-Hispanic White), 8.8% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American and Alaska Native, 6.3% Asian American, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 2.1% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 11.2% of the population. The state's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from 95.4% in 1970 to 73.7% in 2014. As of 2011, non-Hispanic whites were involved in 63.6% of all the births, while 36.4% of the population of Massachusetts younger than age1 was minorities (at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white).


Context: where is it located?

Context: which ethnicities contribute to the state's population?

Context: As of 2014, it has 83.2% White, 8.8% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American and Alaska Native, 6.3% Asian American, and Other Pacific Islander, 2.1% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race make up 11.2% of the population.

Question: which languages are widely spoken in this place?

Answer: As of 2010, 78.93% (4,823,127) spoke English as a first language, while 7.50% spoke Spanish, 2.97% Portuguese, 1.59% Chinese and 1.11% French.

Massachusetts [SEP] Languages

The most common varieties of American English spoken in Massachusetts, other than General American, are the "cot-caught" distinct, rhotic, western Massachusetts dialect and the "cot-caught" merged, non-rhotic, eastern Massachusetts dialect (popularly known as a "Boston accent"). As of 2010, 78.93% (4,823,127) of Massachusetts residents5 and older spoke English at home as a first language, while 7.50% (458,256) spoke Spanish, 2.97% (181,437) Portuguese, 1.59% (96,690) Chinese (which includes Cantonese and Mandarin), 1.11% (67,788) French, 0.89% (54,456) French Creole, 0.72% (43,798) Italian, 0.62% (37,865) Russian, and Vietnamese was spoken as a primary language by 0.58% (35,283) of the population over5. In total, 21.07% (1,287,419) of Massachusetts's population5 and older spoke a first language other than English.


Context: where is it located?

Context: which languages are widely spoken in this place?

Context: As of 2010, 78.93% (4,823,127) spoke English as a first language, while 7.50% spoke Spanish, 2.97% Portuguese, 1.59% Chinese and 1.11% French.

Question: which is the most common sport played by this place?

Answer: Basketball, Volleyball and Hockey are some of them.

Explanation: In the late 19th century, the Olympic sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the Western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. The Basketball Hall of Fame is a major tourist destination in the City of Springfield and the Volleyball Hall of Fame is located in Holyoke. The American Hockey League (AHL), the NHL's development league, is headquartered in Springfield.

Massachusetts [SEP] Sports

The American Hockey League (AHL), the NHL's development league, is headquartered in Springfield. Several universities in Massachusetts are notable for their collegiate athletics. The state is home to two Division I FBS teams, Boston College of the Atlantic Coast Conference, and FBS Independent University of Massachusetts at Amherst. FCS play includes Harvard University, which competes in the famed Ivy League, and College of the Holy Cross of the Patriot League. Boston University, Northeastern University, UMASS Lowell, and Merrimack College also participate in Division I athletics. Many other Massachusetts colleges compete in lower divisions such as Division III, where MIT, Tufts University, Amherst College, Williams College, and others field competitive teams.


Context: where is it located?

Context: which is the most common sport played by this place?

Context: Basketball, Volleyball and Hockey are some of them.

Question: does the place borders with any ocean?

Answer: Yes, the "Atlantic Ocean".

Explanation: It borders on the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The capital of Massachusetts is Boston, which is also the most populous city in New England.

Massachusetts [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is it located?

Context: does the place borders with any ocean?

Context: Yes, the "Atlantic Ocean".

Question: can you describe its salinity?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Massachusetts [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is it located?

Context: does the place borders with any ocean?

Context: Yes, the "Atlantic Ocean".

Context: can you describe its salinity?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you provide me some details about this ocean?

Answer: It is the second-largest of the world's oceans. It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area.

Atlantic Ocean [SEP] Introduction

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World". The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected World Ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica).


Context: where is it located?

Context: does the place borders with any ocean?

Context: Yes, the "Atlantic Ocean".

Context: can you describe its salinity?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you provide me some details about this ocean?

Context: It is the second-largest of the world's oceans. It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area.

Question: how is the human origin related to it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Atlantic Ocean [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is it located?

Context: does the place borders with any ocean?

Context: Yes, the "Atlantic Ocean".

Context: can you describe its salinity?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is the human origin related to it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which are the biggest seas of this ocean?

Answer: Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea, Barents Sea, Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.

Atlantic Ocean [SEP] Extent and data

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defined the limits of the oceans and seas in 1953, but some of these definitions have been revised since then and some are not used by various authorities, institutions, and countries, see for example the CIA World Factbook. Correspondingly, the extent and number of oceans and seas vary. The Atlantic Ocean is bounded on the west by North and South America. It connects to the Arctic Ocean through the Denmark Strait, Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea. To the east, the boundaries of the ocean proper are Europe: the Strait of Gibraltar (where it connects with the Mediterranean Sea—one of its marginal seas—and, in turn, the Black Sea, both of which also touch upon Asia) and Africa.


Context: where is it located?

Context: does the place borders with any ocean?

Context: Yes, the "Atlantic Ocean".

Context: can you describe its salinity?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is the human origin related to it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which are the biggest seas of this ocean?

Context: Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea, Barents Sea, Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.

Question: does the sea hold any oil and gas beneath?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Atlantic Ocean [SEP] Extent and data


Context: where is it located?

Context: does the place borders with any ocean?

Context: Yes, the "Atlantic Ocean".

Context: can you describe its salinity?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is the human origin related to it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does the sea hold any oil and gas beneath?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: does the first sea from the above list holds any oil and gas beneath?

Answer: US Geological Survey has estimated that at least 13% of the world's undiscovered oil deposits and 30% of the world's undiscovered gas pockets are located in the Arctic, with the Greenland Sea potentially holding large amounts of natural gas and lesser amounts of natural gas liquids and crude oil.

Greenland Sea [SEP] Oil and gas

US Geological Survey has estimated that at least 13% of the world's undiscovered oil deposits and 30% of the world's undiscovered gas pockets are located in the Arctic, with the Greenland Sea potentially holding large amounts of natural gas and lesser amounts of natural gas liquids and crude oil. This has led the Greenland's minister and provincial council to offer a large number of off-shore concessions to potential hydrocarbon (oil and gas) extraction. The majority of the concessions are located in seas west of Greenland (primarily the Davis Strait and Baffin Bay), but with 19 concessions in the Greenland Sea.


Context: where is it located?

Context: does the place borders with any ocean?

Context: Yes, the "Atlantic Ocean".

Context: can you describe its salinity?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is the human origin related to it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does the first sea from the above list holds any oil and gas beneath?

Context: US Geological Survey has estimated that at least 13% of the world's undiscovered oil deposits and 30% of the world's undiscovered gas pockets are located in the Arctic, with the Greenland Sea potentially holding large amounts of natural gas and lesser amounts of natural gas liquids and crude oil.

Question: which country share its borders with this sea?

Answer: It is bounded to the west by the island of Greenland, and to the south by the Denmark Strait and Iceland.

Greenland Sea [SEP] Geography and geology

The Greenland Sea is bounded to the west by the island of Greenland, and to the south by the Denmark Strait and Iceland. To the southeast, behind the Jan Mayen island (Norway) lies the vast expanse of the Norwegian Sea, of which Greenland Sea may be considered an extension. Across the Fram Strait to the northeast, the sea is delimited by the Svalbard archipelago (Norway). The bottom of the Greenland Sea is a depression bounded to the south by the underwater and to the east by the Mohns Ridge and Knipovich Ridge (parts of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge). To the west, the bottom rises first slowly, but then rapidly toward the wide Greenland coastal strip.


Context: how did the colony of massachusetts get its name

Context: It was named after the indigenous population, the Massachusett, whose name likely derived from a Wôpanâak word "muswachasut".

Context: where is it located?

Context: In the New England region of the north-eastern United States.

Context: what climatic changes observed in the place mentioned?

Context: The Northeast is projected to warm faster than global average temperatures.

Context: which ethnicities contribute to the state's population?

Context: As of 2014, it has 83.2% White, 8.8% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American and Alaska Native, 6.3% Asian American, and Other Pacific Islander, 2.1% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race make up 11.2% of the population.

Context: which languages are widely spoken in this place?

Context: As of 2010, 78.93% (4,823,127) spoke English as a first language, while 7.50% spoke Spanish, 2.97% Portuguese, 1.59% Chinese and 1.11% French.

Context: which is the most common sport played by this place?

Context: Basketball, Volleyball and Hockey are some of them.

Context: does the place borders with any ocean?

Context: Yes, the "Atlantic Ocean".

Context: can you describe its salinity?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you provide me some details about this ocean?

Context: It is the second-largest of the world's oceans. It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area.

Context: how is the human origin related to it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which are the biggest seas of this ocean?

Context: Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea, Barents Sea, Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.

Context: does the sea hold any oil and gas beneath?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does the first sea from the above list holds any oil and gas beneath?

Context: US Geological Survey has estimated that at least 13% of the world's undiscovered oil deposits and 30% of the world's undiscovered gas pockets are located in the Arctic, with the Greenland Sea potentially holding large amounts of natural gas and lesser amounts of natural gas liquids and crude oil.

Context: which country share its borders with this sea?

Context: It is bounded to the west by the island of Greenland, and to the south by the Denmark Strait and Iceland.

Question: how can you describe the government of the first country mentioned above?

Answer: The United States is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government, including a bicameral legislature.

United States [SEP] Introduction

During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in various proxy wars, but avoided direct military conflict. They also competed in the Space Race, culminating in the 1969 spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. The Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 ended the Cold War and left the United States as the world's sole superpower. The United States is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government, including a bicameral legislature. It is a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States (OAS), NATO, and other international organizations.


Context: how did the colony of massachusetts get its name

Context: It was named after the indigenous population, the Massachusett, whose name likely derived from a Wôpanâak word "muswachasut".

Context: where is it located?

Context: In the New England region of the north-eastern United States.

Context: what climatic changes observed in the place mentioned?

Context: The Northeast is projected to warm faster than global average temperatures.

Context: which ethnicities contribute to the state's population?

Context: As of 2014, it has 83.2% White, 8.8% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American and Alaska Native, 6.3% Asian American, and Other Pacific Islander, 2.1% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race make up 11.2% of the population.

Context: which languages are widely spoken in this place?

Context: As of 2010, 78.93% (4,823,127) spoke English as a first language, while 7.50% spoke Spanish, 2.97% Portuguese, 1.59% Chinese and 1.11% French.

Context: which is the most common sport played by this place?

Context: Basketball, Volleyball and Hockey are some of them.

Context: does the place borders with any ocean?

Context: Yes, the "Atlantic Ocean".

Context: can you describe its salinity?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you provide me some details about this ocean?

Context: It is the second-largest of the world's oceans. It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area.

Context: how is the human origin related to it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which are the biggest seas of this ocean?

Context: Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea, Barents Sea, Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.

Context: does the sea hold any oil and gas beneath?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does the first sea from the above list holds any oil and gas beneath?

Context: US Geological Survey has estimated that at least 13% of the world's undiscovered oil deposits and 30% of the world's undiscovered gas pockets are located in the Arctic, with the Greenland Sea potentially holding large amounts of natural gas and lesser amounts of natural gas liquids and crude oil.

Context: which country share its borders with this sea?

Context: It is bounded to the west by the island of Greenland, and to the south by the Denmark Strait and Iceland.

Context: how can you describe the government of the first country mentioned above?

Context: The United States is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government, including a bicameral legislature.

Question: what are the social issues faced there?

Answer: The American Dream, or the perception that Americans enjoy high social mobility, plays a key role in attracting immigrants. Whether this perception is accurate has been a topic of debate. While mainstream culture holds that the United States is a classless society, scholars identify significant differences between the country's social classes, affecting socialization, language, and values. Americans tend to greatly value socioeconomic achievement, but being ordinary or average is also generally seen as a positive attribute.

Explanation: The American Dream, or the perception that Americans enjoy high social mobility, plays a key role in attracting immigrants. Whether this perception is accurate has been a topic of debate. While mainstream culture holds that the United States is a classless society, scholars identify significant differences between the country's social classes, affecting socialization, language, and values. Americans tend to greatly value socioeconomic achievement, but being ordinary or average is also generally seen as a positive attribute.

United States [SEP] Culture

Americans have traditionally been characterized by a strong work ethic, competitiveness, and individualism, as well as a unifying belief in an "American creed" emphasizing liberty, equality, private property, democracy, rule of law, and a preference for limited government. Americans are extremely charitable by global standards: according to a 2006 British study, Americans gave 1.67% of GDP to charity, more than any other nation studied. The American Dream, or the perception that Americans enjoy high social mobility, plays a key role in attracting immigrants. Whether this perception is accurate has been a topic of debate. While mainstream culture holds that the United States is a classless society, scholars identify significant differences between the country's social classes, affecting socialization, language, and values.


Question: what is sms erzherzog franz ferdinand?

Answer: An Austro-Hungarian pre-dreadnought battleship commissioned into the Austro-Hungarian Navy on 5 June 1910.

SMS Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand [SEP] Introduction

SMS "Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand" was an Austro-Hungarian pre-dreadnought battleship commissioned into the Austro-Hungarian Navy on 5 June 1910. She was named after Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The first ship of her class to be built, she preceded by more than six months. Her armament included four 30.5 cm (12 in) guns in two twin turrets, and eight 24 cm (9.4 in) guns in four twin turrets. She participated in an international naval protest of the Balkan Wars in 1913, during which she helped enforce a blockade of Montenegro. She was also one of the first ships to deploy seaplanes for military use.


Context: what is sms erzherzog franz ferdinand?

Context: An Austro-Hungarian pre-dreadnought battleship commissioned into the Austro-Hungarian Navy on 5 June 1910.

Question: where was it constructed?

Answer: At the Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino dockyard in Trieste.

SMS Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand [SEP] Construction

"Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand" was built at the Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino dockyard in Trieste. She was laid down on 12 September 1907 and launched from the slipway on 8 September 1908. The teak used on her deck was the only material Austria-Hungary purchased abroad to build her. A month and a half after her launch, she was towed to the harbor in Muggia for completion. During a severe storm that night, she broke loose from her moorings; with no crewmen aboard, "Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand" drifted for several hours before running aground just off Izola. The following morning, the navy located her and started to refloat her.


Context: what is sms erzherzog franz ferdinand?

Context: where was it constructed?

Context: At the Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino dockyard in Trieste.

Question: which role did it play after the world war?

Answer: It was substituted in her place. It saw no further action while in Italian custody; she was scrapped in 1926.

SMS Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand [SEP] Postwar fate

"Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand" saw no further action while in Italian custody; she was scrapped in 1926.


Context: what is sms erzherzog franz ferdinand?

Context: where was it constructed?

Context: which role did it play after the world war?

Context: It was substituted in her place. It saw no further action while in Italian custody; she was scrapped in 1926.

Question: which places did the ship visit during the world war?

Answer: Taranto and Brindisi

Explanation: aranto and Brindisi

SMS Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand [SEP] World War I

By the time Italian ships from Taranto and Brindisi arrived at Ancona, the Austro-Hungarians were safely back in Pola. The objective of the bombardment of Ancona was to delay the Italian Army from deploying its forces along the border with Austria-Hungary by destroying critical transportation systems. The surprise attack on Ancona succeeded in delaying the Italian deployment to the Alps for two weeks. This delay gave Austria-Hungary valuable time to strengthen its Italian border and re-deploy some of its troops from the Eastern and Balkan fronts.


Context: what is sms erzherzog franz ferdinand?

Context: where was it constructed?

Context: which places did the ship visit during the world war?

Context: Taranto and Brindisi

Question: which are the notable publications in the second place?

Answer: "Brindisi Journal", "The Nautilus"

Brindisi [SEP] Print

As for the press, the "La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno" publishes the "Brindisi Journal". The "Nuovo Quotidiano di Puglia", Salento's newspaper, also covers Brindisi. "Senzacolonne", which was founded in 2004, is the only one with a central editorial office in Brindisi. ""The Nautilus"" national scientific magazine based in Brindisi, reports on the sea, ports, transport and recreational boating. Other newspapers that have their headquarters in the city are "BrindisiSera" and ""Brindisi News"".


Context: what is sms erzherzog franz ferdinand?

Context: where was it constructed?

Context: Taranto and Brindisi

Context: which are the notable publications in the second place?

Context: "Brindisi Journal", "The Nautilus"

Question: which types of cheese is used there?

Answer: Burrata, junket, Manteca cheese, mozzarella or Fior di latte.

Brindisi [SEP] Cheese

Brindisi cheeses are mostly from sheep, due to the significant ranching of sheep and goats. In the summer they produce ricotta, which can be eaten fresh or matured for a few months so that it has a stronger flavor. Typical of the winter season are the Pecorino, ricotta and strong ricotta (or cottage cheese). It is used to flavor spaghetti sauce or spread on bruschetta. Fresh popular cheeses are burrata, junket, Manteca cheese, mozzarella or Fior di latte.


Context: what is sms erzherzog franz ferdinand?

Context: where was it constructed?

Context: Taranto and Brindisi

Context: "Brindisi Journal", "The Nautilus"

Context: which types of cheese is used there?

Context: Burrata, junket, Manteca cheese, mozzarella or Fior di latte.

Question: which are the agricultural products in the area?

Answer: Almonds, olives, tobacco, artichokes, and grain.

Brindisi [SEP] Agriculture

Brindisi agriculture includes horticulture, viticulture, fruit and olives. The area that marked the territory for centuries is based on the culture of almonds, olives, tobacco, artichokes, and grain. Livestock consists of cattle, goats and sheep.


Context: what is sms erzherzog franz ferdinand?

Context: where was it constructed?

Context: Taranto and Brindisi

Context: "Brindisi Journal", "The Nautilus"

Context: which types of cheese is used there?

Context: which are the agricultural products in the area?

Context: Almonds, olives, tobacco, artichokes, and grain.

Question: which milk is used for making third type of the cheese?

Answer: Buffalo's milk

Explanation: buffalo's milk

Mozzarella [SEP] Introduction

Mozzarella (, ; ) is a traditionally southern Italian cheese made from Italian buffalo's milk by the pasta filata method. Fresh mozzarella is generally white but may vary seasonally to slightly yellow depending on the animal's diet. Due to its high moisture content, it is traditionally served the day after it is made but can be kept in brine for up to a week or longer when sold in vacuum-sealed packages. "Low-moisture mozzarella" can be kept refrigerated for up to a month, though some shredded low-moisture mozzarella is sold with a shelf life of up to six months. Mozzarella of several kinds is used for most types of pizza and several pasta dishes or served with sliced tomatoes and basil in Caprese salad.


Context: what is sms erzherzog franz ferdinand?

Context: where was it constructed?

Context: Taranto and Brindisi

Context: "Brindisi Journal", "The Nautilus"

Context: which types of cheese is used there?

Context: which milk is used for making third type of the cheese?

Context: Buffalo's milk

Question: what are the variants?

Answer: Low-moisture Mozzarella cheese.

Mozzarella [SEP] Variants

Several variants have been specifically formulated and prepared for use on pizza, such as low-moisture Mozzarella cheese. The "International Dictionary of Food and Cooking" defines this cheese as "a soft spun-curd cheese similar to Mozzarella made from cow's milk" that is "[u]sed particularly for pizzas and [that] contains somewhat less water than real Mozzarella". Low-moisture part-skim mozzarella, widely used in the food-service industry, has a low galactose content, per some consumers' preference for cheese on pizza to have low or moderate browning. Some pizza cheeses derived from skim mozzarella variants were designed not to require aging or the use of starter.


Context: what is sms erzherzog franz ferdinand?

Context: where was it constructed?

Context: Taranto and Brindisi

Context: "Brindisi Journal", "The Nautilus"

Context: which types of cheese is used there?

Context: Buffalo's milk

Context: what are the variants?

Context: Low-moisture Mozzarella cheese.

Question: is it also made from goat milk?

Answer: No, made from cow's milk

Explanation: Mozzarella made from cow's milk" t

Mozzarella [SEP] Variants


Question: whats the difference between sugar and sugar cane

Answer: Sugar cane is the crop grown to extract sugar and  processed to make sugar crystals.

Explanation: Sugar cane requires a frost-free climate with sufficient rainfall during the growing season to make full use of the plant's substantial growth potential. The crop is harvested mechanically or by hand, chopped into lengths and conveyed rapidly to the processing plant (commonly known as a sugar mill) where it is either milled and the juice extracted with water or extracted by diffusion. The juice is clarified with lime and heated to destroy enzymes. The resulting thin syrup is concentrated in a series of evaporators, after which further water is removed. The resulting supersaturated solution is seeded with sugar crystals, facilitating crystal formation and drying. Molasses is a by-product of the process and the fiber from the stems, known as bagasse, is burned to provide energy for the sugar extraction process. The crystals of raw sugar have a sticky brown coating and either can be used as they are, can be bleached by sulfur dioxide, or can be treated in a carbonatation process to produc

Sugar [SEP] Sugarcane

Global production of sugarcane in 2016 was 1.9 billion tonnes, with Brazil producing 41% of the world total and India 18% (table). Sugarcane refers to any of several species, or their hybrids, of giant grasses in the genus "Saccharum" in the family Poaceae. They have been cultivated in tropical climates in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia over centuries for the sucrose found in their stems. A great expansion in sugarcane production took place in the 18th century with the establishment of slave plantations in the Americas. The use of slavery for the labor-intensive process resulted in sugar production, enabling prices cheap enough for most people to buy.


Context: whats the difference between sugar and sugar cane

Context: Sugar cane is the crop grown to extract sugar and  processed to make sugar crystals.

Question: how was it named?

Answer: The name was coined from terms like "ground or candied sugar", "shakar", "sucre", "sugar".

Explanation:
The etymology reflects the spread of the commodity. From Sanskrit ("śarkarā"), meaning "ground or candied sugar", came Persian "shakar", then to 12th century French "sucre" and the English "sugar".

The English word "jaggery", a coarse brown sugar made from date palm sap or sugarcane juice, has a similar etymological origin: Portuguese "jágara" from the Malayalam "cakkarā", which is from the Sanskrit "śarkarā".

Sugar [SEP] Etymology


Context: how was it named?

Context: The name was coined from terms like "ground or candied sugar", "shakar", "sucre", "sugar".

Question: how does it affect the human teeth?

Answer: It is are the most important dietary factor in the development of dental caries". A review of human studies showed that the incidence of caries is lower when sugar intake is less than 10% of total energy consumed.

Explanation: The 2003 WHO report stated that "Sugars are undoubtedly the most important dietary factor in the development of dental caries". A review of human studies showed that the incidence of caries is lower when sugar intake is less than 10% of total energy consumed.

Sugar [SEP] Tooth decay


Context: how was it named?

Context: how does it affect the human teeth?

Context: It is are the most important dietary factor in the development of dental caries". A review of human studies showed that the incidence of caries is lower when sugar intake is less than 10% of total energy consumed.

Question: is it connected to any disease related to memory?

Answer: Claims have been made of a sugar–Alzheimer's disease connection, but there is inconclusive evidence.

Explanation: Claims have been made of a sugar–Alzheimer's disease connection, but there is inconclusive evidence that cognitive decline is related to dietary fructose or overall energy intake.

Sugar [SEP] Alzheimer's disease


Context: how was it named?

Context: how does it affect the human teeth?

Context: is it connected to any disease related to memory?

Context: Claims have been made of a sugar–Alzheimer's disease connection, but there is inconclusive evidence.

Question: what is this disease?

Answer: It is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gradually worsens over time.

Explanation: Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gradually worsens over time. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, not managing self-care, and behavioural issues. As a person's condition declines, they often withdraw from family and society. Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death. Although the speed of progression can vary, the typical life expectancy following diagnosis is three to nine years.

Alzheimer's disease [SEP] Introduction


Context: how was it named?

Context: how does it affect the human teeth?

Context: what is this disease?

Context: It is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gradually worsens over time.

Question: what is the cause?

Answer: Caused due to abnormal amounts of proteins, amyloids and possibly tau proteins, form in the brain and begin to encroach upon the organ’s cells.

Explanation:
Alzheimer’s disease is believed to occur when abnormal amounts of proteins, amyloids and possibly tau proteins, form in the brain and begin to encroach upon the organ’s cells. The resultant plaque disrupts normal function and chemistry, and leads to a significant deficit of neurotransmitters, resulting in a progressive loss of brain function. As for "why" these protein ‘malfunctions’ occur in the first place, the ultimate cause is poorly understood, and subject to ongoing research and speculation.

The cause for most Alzheimer's cases is still mostly unknown except for 1% to 5% of cases where genetic differences have been identified. Several competing hypotheses exist trying to explain the cause of the disease.

Alzheimer's disease [SEP] Causes

Alzheimer's disease is believed to occur when abnormal amounts of proteins, amyloids and possibly tau proteins, form in the brain and begin to encroach upon the organ's cells. The resultant plaque disrupts normal function and chemistry, and leads to a significant deficit of neurotransmitters, resulting in a progressive loss of brain function. As for "why" these protein ‘malfunctions' occur in the first place, the ultimate cause is poorly understood, and subject to ongoing research and speculation. The cause for most Alzheimer's cases is still mostly unknown except for 1% to 5% of cases where genetic differences have been identified. Several competing hypotheses exist trying to explain the cause of the disease.


Context: how was it named?

Context: how does it affect the human teeth?

Context: what is this disease?

Context: what is the cause?

Context: Caused due to abnormal amounts of proteins, amyloids and possibly tau proteins, form in the brain and begin to encroach upon the organ’s cells.

Question: can it be prevented?

Answer: No, There is no definitive evidence to support that any particular measure is effective in preventing AD.

Explanation:
There is no definitive evidence to support that any particular measure is effective in preventing AD. Global studies of measures to prevent or delay the onset of AD have often produced inconsistent results.
Epidemiological studies have proposed relationships between certain modifiable factors, such as diet, cardiovascular risk, pharmaceutical products, or intellectual activities among others, and a population's likelihood of developing AD. Only further research, including clinical trials, will reveal whether these factors can help to prevent AD.

Alzheimer's disease [SEP] Prevention


Context: how was it named?

Context: how does it affect the human teeth?

Context: what is this disease?

Context: what is the cause?

Context: can it be prevented?

Context: No, There is no definitive evidence to support that any particular measure is effective in preventing AD.

Question: can you name few sources of the food product we were talking earlier?

Answer: They are sugar contents of common fruits and vegetables like fructose, glucose and sucrose

Explanation:
The sugar contents of common fruits and vegetables are presented in Table 1.
The fructose to fructose plus glucose ratio is calculated by including the fructose and glucose coming from the sucrose.

In November 2019, scientists reported detecting, for the first time, sugar molecules, including ribose, in meteorites, suggesting that chemical processes on asteroids can produce some fundamentally essential bio-ingredients important to life, and supporting the notion of an RNA World prior to a DNA-based origin of life on Earth, and possibly, as well, the notion of panspermia.

Sugar [SEP] Sources


Context: how was it named?

Context: how does it affect the human teeth?

Context: what is this disease?

Context: what is the cause?

Context: can it be prevented?

Context: can you name few sources of the food product we were talking earlier?

Context: They are sugar contents of common fruits and vegetables like fructose, glucose and sucrose

Question: how is it commonly consumed?

Answer: It is found in most human diet, cereals, vegetable oils and other food groups.

Explanation: In most parts of the world, sugar is an important part of the human diet, making food more palatable and providing food energy. After cereals and vegetable oils, sugar derived from sugarcane and beet provided more kilocalories per capita per day on average than other food groups. According to one source, per capita consumption of sugar in 2016 was highest in the United States, followed by Germany and the Netherlands.

Sugar [SEP] Consumption


Context: how was it named?

Context: how does it affect the human teeth?

Context: what is this disease?

Context: what is the cause?

Context: can it be prevented?

Context: how is it commonly consumed?

Context: It is found in most human diet, cereals, vegetable oils and other food groups.

Question: what is its nutritional value?

Answer: This nutrient displacement occurs if sugar makes up more than 25% of daily energy intake, a proportion associated with poor diet quality and risk of obesity.

Explanation: The "empty calories" argument states that a diet high in added sugar will reduce consumption of foods that contain essential nutrients. This nutrient displacement occurs if sugar makes up more than 25% of daily energy intake, a proportion associated with poor diet quality and risk of obesity. Displacement may occur at lower levels of consumption.

Sugar [SEP] Nutritional displacement


Question: who does the leader of an absolute government depend on and why

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Government of Japan [SEP] Introduction

The Government of Japan is the central government of Japan. The Government of Japan consists of legislature, executive and judiciary branches and is accountable to the Emperor of Japan. The Prime Minister of Japan is the chief executive of the government and is responsible for selecting ministers to serve in the Cabinet of Japan, the executive branch of the state government. The Government runs under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan, adopted in 1947. It is a unitary state, containing forty-seven administrative divisions, with the Emperor as its Head of State. His role is ceremonial and he has no powers related to Government.


Context: who does the leader of an absolute government depend on and why

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: mention any historical importance of this place?

Answer: Prior to the Meiji Restoration, Japan was ruled by the government of a successive military "shōguns".

Government of Japan [SEP] History

Prior to the Meiji Restoration, Japan was ruled by the government of a successive military "shōguns". During this period, effective power of the government resided in the Shōgun, who officially ruled the country in the name of the Emperor. The Shoguns were the hereditary military governors, with their modern rank equivalent to a generalissimo. Although the Emperor was the sovereign who appointed the Shōgun, his roles were ceremonial and he took no part in governing the country. This is often compared to the present role of the Emperor, whose official role is to appoint the Prime Minister. The Meiji Restoration in 1872 led to the resignation of Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu, agreeing to "be the instrument for carrying out" the Emperor's orders.


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Context: mention any historical importance of this place?

Context: Prior to the Meiji Restoration, Japan was ruled by the government of a successive military "shōguns".

Question: who was the first emperor?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Meiji Restoration [SEP] Introduction

The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan. The goals of the restored government were expressed by the new Emperor in the Charter Oath. The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure and spanned both the late Edo period (often called the Bakumatsu) and the beginning of the Meiji era.


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Context: who was the first emperor?

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Question: who are the members of the cabinet?

Answer: It consists of the Ministers of State and the Prime Minister.

Government of Japan [SEP] The Cabinet

The consists of the Ministers of State and the Prime Minister. The members of the Cabinet are appointed by the Prime Minister, and under the Cabinet Law, the number of members of the Cabinet appointed, excluding the Prime Minister, must be fourteen or less, but may only be increased to nineteen should a special need arise. of the Constitution states that all members of the Cabinet must be civilians and the majority of them must be chosen from among the members of either house of the National Diet. The precise wording leaves an opportunity for the Prime Minister to appoint some non-elected Diet officials.


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Context: who was the first emperor?

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Context: who are the members of the cabinet?

Context: It consists of the Ministers of State and the Prime Minister.

Question: what houses are mentioned here in the government?

Answer: The House of Representatives and the House of Councillors.

Government of Japan [SEP] House of Representatives

Members of the house must be of Japanese nationality; those aged 18 years and older may vote, while those aged 25 years and older may run for office in the lower house. The legislative powers of the House of Representatives is considered to be more powerful than that of the House of Councillors. While the House of Councillors has the ability to veto most decisions made by the House of Representatives, some however, can only be delayed. This includes the legislation of treaties, the budget, and the selection of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister, and collectively his Cabinet, can in turn, however, dissolve the House of Representatives whenever intended.


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Context: who was the first emperor?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who are the members of the cabinet?

Context: what houses are mentioned here in the government?

Context: The House of Representatives and the House of Councillors.

Question: how is the former above house different from the latter?

Answer: The legislative powers of the House of Representatives is considered to be more powerful than that of the House of Councillors.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who was the first emperor?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who are the members of the cabinet?

Context: how is the former above house different from the latter?

Context: The legislative powers of the House of Representatives is considered to be more powerful than that of the House of Councillors.

Question: what legislation do they follow?

Answer: Empowered by the Constitution to be "the highest organ of State power" and the only "sole law-making organ of the State", the Legislative branch organ of Japan houses are both directly elected under a parallel voting system and is ensured by the Constitution to have no discrimination on the qualifications of each members.

Explanation: The Legislative branch organ of Japan is the . It is a bicameral legislature, composing of a lower house, the House of Representatives, and an upper house, the House of Councillors. Empowered by the Constitution to be "the highest organ of State power" and the only "sole law-making organ of the State", its houses are both directly elected under a parallel voting system and is ensured by the Constitution to have no discrimination on the qualifications of each members; whether be it based on "race, creed, sex, social status, family origin, education, property or income". The National Diet, therefore, reflects the sovereignty of the people; a principle of popular sovereignty whereby the supreme power lies within, in this case, the Japanese people.

Government of Japan [SEP] Legislative


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who was the first emperor?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who are the members of the cabinet?

Context: what legislation do they follow?

Context: Empowered by the Constitution to be "the highest organ of State power" and the only "sole law-making organ of the State", the Legislative branch organ of Japan houses are both directly elected under a parallel voting system and is ensured by the Constitution to have no discrimination on the qualifications of each members.

Question: what is it's popular supreme power or authority?

Answer: The Emperor of Japan.

Explanation: The Government of Japan is the central government of Japan. The Government of Japan consists of legislature, executive and judiciary branches and is accountable to the Emperor of Japan.

Government of Japan [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who was the first emperor?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who are the members of the cabinet?

Context: what legislation do they follow?

Context: what is it's popular supreme power or authority?

Context: The Emperor of Japan.

Question: where did he originate from?

Answer: According to the traditional account of the Nihon Shoki, Japan was founded by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC.

Emperor of Japan [SEP] Origin

The title of emperor was borrowed from China, being derived from Chinese characters, and was retroactively applied to the legendary Japanese rulers who reigned before the 7th–8th centuries AD. According to the traditional account of the Nihon Shoki, Japan was founded by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC. Modern historians generally believe that the emperors up to Suinin are "largely legendary" as there is insufficient material available for verification and study of their lives. Emperor Sujin (148-30 BC) is the first emperor with a direct possibility of existence according to historians, but he is referred to as "legendary" due to a lack of information.


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Context: who was the first emperor?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who are the members of the cabinet?

Context: what legislation do they follow?

Context: The Emperor of Japan.

Context: where did he originate from?

Context: According to the traditional account of the Nihon Shoki, Japan was founded by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC.

Question: where was the above person born?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Emperor of Japan [SEP] Origin


Question: what is greenhouse gas emissions by turkey?

Answer: It account for about one percent of the world's total and include carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrofluorocarbons..

Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey [SEP] Introduction

Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey account for about one percent of the world's total and include carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrofluorocarbons. Turkey's human contributions to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions include the Turkey's power-generation and transport sectors. The natural and agricultural landscape of Turkey also affects national greenhouse gas emissions, with methane and NO from agriculture more than offset by carbon dioxide taken up by forests (slightly reducing Turkey's overall emissions). The main determinant of emissions is the government through national energy policy, construction, transport and agriculture. Coal, cars, cows, and construction accounted for about half of Turkey's 2018 gross greenhouse gas emissions of 520 million tons (Mt) of COeq.


Context: what is greenhouse gas emissions by turkey?

Context: It account for about one percent of the world's total and include carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrofluorocarbons..

Question: what are the physical properties of the first mentioned gas?

Answer: At low concentrations the gas is odorless; however, at sufficiently-high concentrations, it has a sharp, acidic odor.

Carbon dioxide [SEP] Physical properties

Carbon dioxide is colorless. At low concentrations the gas is odorless; however, at sufficiently-high concentrations, it has a sharp, acidic odor. At standard temperature and pressure, the density of carbon dioxide is around 1.98 kg/m, about 1.67 times that of air. Carbon dioxide has no liquid state at pressures below . At 1 atmosphere (near mean sea level pressure), the gas deposits directly to a solid at temperatures below and the solid sublimes directly to a gas above −78.5 °C. In its solid state, carbon dioxide is commonly called dry ice. Liquid carbon dioxide forms only at pressures above 5.1 atm; the triple point of carbon dioxide is about 5.1 bar (517 kPa) at 217 K (see phase diagram).


Context: what are the physical properties of the first mentioned gas?

Context: At low concentrations the gas is odorless; however, at sufficiently-high concentrations, it has a sharp, acidic odor.

Question: what are some applications it has?

Answer: It is used by the food industry, the oil industry, and the chemical industry.

Carbon dioxide [SEP] Applications

Carbon dioxide is used by the food industry, the oil industry, and the chemical industry. The compound has varied commercial uses but one of its greatest uses as a chemical is in the production of carbonated beverages; it provides the sparkle in carbonated beverages such as soda water, beer and sparkling wine.


Context: what are some applications it has?

Context: It is used by the food industry, the oil industry, and the chemical industry.

Question: what is its toxicity?

Answer: Carbon dioxide content in fresh air varies between 0.036% (360 ppm) and 0.041% (412 ppm), depending on the location.

Carbon dioxide [SEP] Toxicity

Carbon dioxide content in fresh air (averaged between sea-level and 10 kPa level, i.e., about altitude) varies between 0.036% (360 ppm) and 0.041% (412 ppm), depending on the location. Because it is heavier than air, in locations where the gas seeps from the ground (due to sub-surface volcanic or geothermal activity) in relatively high concentrations, without the dispersing effects of wind, it can collect in sheltered/pocketed locations below average ground level, causing animals located therein to be suffocated. Carrion feeders attracted to the carcasses are then also killed. Children have been killed in the same way near the city of Goma by emissions from the nearby volcano Mt.


Context: what are some applications it has?

Context: what is its toxicity?

Context: Carbon dioxide content in fresh air varies between 0.036% (360 ppm) and 0.041% (412 ppm), depending on the location.

Question: what are the politics like in the place mentioned above?

Answer: Between 1923 and 2018, it was a parliamentary representative democracy.

Turkey [SEP] Politics

Between 1923 and 2018, Turkey was a parliamentary representative democracy. A presidential system was adopted by referendum in 2017; the new system came into effect with the presidential election in 2018 and gives the President complete control of the executive, including the power to issue decrees, appoint his own cabinet, draw up the budget, dissolve parliament by calling early elections, and make appointments to the bureaucracy and the courts. The office of Prime Minister has been abolished and its powers (together with those of the Cabinet) have been transferred to the President, who is the head of state and is elected for a five-year term by direct elections.


Context: what are some applications it has?

Context: what is its toxicity?

Context: what are the politics like in the place mentioned above?

Context: Between 1923 and 2018, it was a parliamentary representative democracy.

Question: what are some domestic animals found here?

Answer: Angora cat, Angora rabbit, Angora goat, Anatolian Shepherd, Kangal, Malaklı and Akbaş.

Explanation: Renowned domestic animals from Ankara, the capital of Turkey, include the Angora cat, Angora rabbit and Angora goat; and from Van Province the Van cat. The national dog breeds are the Anatolian Shepherd, Kangal, Malaklı and Akbaş.

Turkey [SEP] Domestic animals


Context: what are some applications it has?

Context: what is its toxicity?

Context: what are some domestic animals found here?

Context: Angora cat, Angora rabbit, Angora goat, Anatolian Shepherd, Kangal, Malaklı and Akbaş.

Question: what is the history behind the second mentioned animal?

Answer: It became a popular pet of the French royalty in the mid-18th century.

Angora rabbit [SEP] History

The Angora is said to have originated in Ankara (historically known as "Angora)", in present-day Turkey, and is known to have been brought to France in 1723. The Angora rabbit became a popular pet of the French royalty in the mid-18th century, and Angoras had spread to other parts of Europe by the end of that century. In the United States garments made of Angora-rabbit wool have been popular ever since they first arrived in the early 20th century. But only during World War II did domestic production expand to meet the demand for more than 120,000 pounds a year.


Context: what are some applications it has?

Context: what is its toxicity?

Context: what is the history behind the second mentioned animal?

Context: It became a popular pet of the French royalty in the mid-18th century.

Question: what is the animal used for?

Answer: They are bred mainly for their wool.

Angora rabbit [SEP] Angora-rabbit wool

Angoras are bred mainly for their wool, which is silky and soft. At only 14–16 microns in diameter, it is similar to cashmere in fineness and softness to the touch. A healthy adult Angora's wool will grow approximately per month. Regular grooming is necessary to prevent the fiber from matting and felting on the rabbit, which causes discomfort and can lead to pain and even infection. Angora wool is harvested (plucked or shorn) every three to four months throughout the year. The coat needs to be monitored after 6 months of regrowth since it may tend to "die" and easily mat.


Context: what are some applications it has?

Context: what is its toxicity?

Context: what is the animal used for?

Context: They are bred mainly for their wool.

Question: what are these rabbit breeds?

Answer: It has also sometimes been utilized in the development of other rabbit breeds like "Dwarf Wooly" breeds.

Angora rabbit [SEP] Angora rabbit breeds

The iconic long coat of the Angora is the result of a rabbit gene referred to as l (i.e., lowercase "L"). This "Angora gene" is present in all Angora breeds. It has also sometimes been utilized in the development of other rabbit breeds or other breeds' new varieties. "Dwarf Wooly" breeds including American Fuzzy Lop, Lion Head and Jersey Woolie are now recognized in the U.S. by ARBA. Belgium and France have their own Dwarf Wooly breeds. There is also a rare Mini English Angora breed in New Zealand.


Context: what are some applications it has?

Context: what is its toxicity?

Context: what is the animal used for?

Context: They are bred mainly for their wool.

Context: what are these rabbit breeds?

Context: It has also sometimes been utilized in the development of other rabbit breeds like "Dwarf Wooly" breeds.

Question: where is this animal found?

Answer: It is said to have originated in Ankara.

Explanation: The Angora is said to have originated in Ankara (historically known as "Angora)", in present-day Turkey, and is known to have been brought to France in 1723.

Angora rabbit [SEP] History


Context: what are some applications it has?

Context: what is its toxicity?

Context: what is the animal used for?

Context: They are bred mainly for their wool.

Context: what are these rabbit breeds?

Context: where is this animal found?

Context: It is said to have originated in Ankara.

Question: what is the celtic history behind this place?

Answer: In 278 BC, the city, along with the rest of central Anatolia, was occupied by a Celtic group.

Ankara [SEP] Celtic history

In 278 BC, the city, along with the rest of central Anatolia, was occupied by a Celtic group, the Galatians, who were the first to make Ankara one of their main tribal centers, the headquarters of the Tectosages tribe. Other centers were Pessinus, today's Ballıhisar, for the Trocmi tribe, and Tavium, to the east of Ankara, for the Tolistobogii tribe. The city was then known as "Ancyra". The Celtic element was probably relatively small in numbers; a warrior aristocracy which ruled over Phrygian-speaking peasants. However, the Celtic language continued to be spoken in Galatia for many centuries. At the end of the 4th century, St.


Question: what is grayrigg derailment?

Answer: A fatal railway accident.

Grayrigg derailment [SEP] Introduction

The Grayrigg derailment was a fatal railway accident that occurred at approximately 20:15 GMT on 23 February 2007, just to the south of Grayrigg, Cumbria, in the North West England region of the United Kingdom. The accident investigation concluded that the derailment was caused by a faulty set of points (number 2B) on the Down Main running line, controlled from Lambrigg ground frame. The scheduled inspection on 18 February 2007 had not taken place and the faults had gone undetected.


Context:
what is grayrigg derailment?
A fatal railway accident.

Question: where did it happen?

Answer: To the south of Grayrigg, Cumbria, in the North West England region of the United Kingdom.

Explanation: The Grayrigg derailment was a fatal railway accident that occurred at approximately 20:15 GMT on 23 February 2007, just to the south of Grayrigg, Cumbria, in the North West England region of the United Kingdom. T

Grayrigg derailment [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is grayrigg derailment?

Context: A fatal railway accident.

Context: where did it happen?

Context: To the south of Grayrigg, Cumbria, in the North West England region of the United Kingdom.

Question: what happened actually?

Answer: The train derailed at 20:15 at a faulty set of points almost immediately after crossing the Docker Viaduct .The rear half of the train would still have been crossing the bridge whilst the front derailed at the points.

Grayrigg derailment [SEP] Incident

The 17:30 Virgin West Coast "Pendolino" West Coast Main Line InterCity service from London Euston to Glasgow Central derailed at 20:15 at a faulty set of points almost immediately after crossing the Docker Viaduct (the rear half of the train would still have been crossing the bridge whilst the front derailed at the points). The train was reported to have been travelling at when it was derailed. The train consisted of unit 390033 "City of Glasgow", which was constructed at Washwood Heath, Birmingham, in 2002, and nine carriages. It carried 105 passengers and four crew. Passengers said that the carriages of the train began rocking and swaying violently as the first coach left the rails.


Context: what is grayrigg derailment?

Context: A fatal railway accident.

Context: where did it happen?

Context: what happened actually?

Context: The train derailed at 20:15 at a faulty set of points almost immediately after crossing the Docker Viaduct .The rear half of the train would still have been crossing the bridge whilst the front derailed at the points.

Question: what caused it?

Answer: A report by the Rail Accident Investigation Branch stated that the immediate cause of the accident was the condition of the stretcher bar arrangement at points 2B at Lambrigg crossover, which resulted in the loss of gauge separation of the point switch blades.

Grayrigg derailment [SEP] Cause

Experts compared the cause to that of the Potters Bar rail crash in 2002. On 26 February, an interim report published by the Rail Accident Investigation Branch outlined the current progress of the investigation. The report contained a single conclusion, that the immediate cause of the accident was the condition of the stretcher bar arrangement at points 2B at Lambrigg crossover, which resulted in the loss of gauge separation of the point switch blades. The stretcher bars (components that hold the moving blades of the points the correct distance apart) had been found to be disconnected or missing. Of the three bars, one was not in position, another had nuts and bolts missing, and two were fractured.


Context: what is grayrigg derailment?

Context: A fatal railway accident.

Context: where did it happen?

Context: what happened actually?

Context: what caused it?

Context: A report by the Rail Accident Investigation Branch stated that the immediate cause of the accident was the condition of the stretcher bar arrangement at points 2B at Lambrigg crossover, which resulted in the loss of gauge separation of the point switch blades.

Question: were there any fatalities?

Answer: Yes, one .

Grayrigg derailment [SEP] Incident

Survivors were initially received at Grayrigg Primary School, which had been opened as a survivor reception centre. Hospitals in the area, including some over the Scottish border in Dumfries and Galloway, were put on standby, but not all received patients. According to BBC News, five passengers were admitted to Royal Preston Hospital in a critical condition. Police later released a statement revealing that one passenger, 84-year-old Margaret Masson from Glasgow, had died in hospital. Her funeral took place on 31 March 2007 at Craigton crematorium in Glasgow. Eighty percent of the people on the train were injured to some extent, with the principal cause being secondary impacts — hitting (or being hit by) objects, the interior of the train, or other passengers as the carriage impacted the ground or other carriages.


Context: what is grayrigg derailment?

Context: A fatal railway accident.

Context: where did it happen?

Context: what happened actually?

Context: what caused it?

Context: were there any fatalities?

Context: Yes, one .

Question: when was the investigation branch created?

Answer: In 2005.

Rail Accident Investigation Branch [SEP] Introduction

The Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) is a British government agency that independently investigates rail accidents in the United Kingdom and the Channel Tunnel in order to find a cause, not to lay blame. Created in 2005, it is required by law to investigate accidents causing death, serious injuries or extensive damage. It also has authority to investigate incidents that could have resulted in accidents.


Context: what is grayrigg derailment?

Context: A fatal railway accident.

Context: where did it happen?

Context: what happened actually?

Context: what caused it?

Context: were there any fatalities?

Context: Yes, one .

Context: when was the investigation branch created?

Context: In 2005.

Question: what was the objective?

Answer: To independently investigate rail accidents in the United Kingdom and the Channel Tunnel in order to find a cause, not to lay blame.

Explanation: The Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) is a British government agency that independently investigates rail accidents in the United Kingdom and the Channel Tunnel in order to find a cause, not to lay blame. Created in 2005


Context: what is grayrigg derailment?

Context: A fatal railway accident.

Context: where did it happen?

Context: what happened actually?

Context: what caused it?

Context: were there any fatalities?

Context: Yes, one .

Context: In 2005.

Context: what was the objective?

Context: To independently investigate rail accidents in the United Kingdom and the Channel Tunnel in order to find a cause, not to lay blame.

Question: where is the tunnel located?

Answer: Beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover.

Channel Tunnel [SEP] Introduction

The Channel Tunnel (), also referred to as the Eurotunnel or Chunnel, is a railway tunnel that connects Folkestone (Kent, England, UK) with Coquelles (Hauts-de-France, France) beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. It is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and the European mainland. At its lowest point, it is deep below the sea bed and below sea level. At , the tunnel has the longest underwater section of any tunnel in the world, and is the third longest railway tunnel in the world, being just 150 metres longer than the Yulhyeon Tunnel.


Context: what is grayrigg derailment?

Context: A fatal railway accident.

Context: where did it happen?

Context: what happened actually?

Context: what caused it?

Context: were there any fatalities?

Context: Yes, one .

Context: In 2005.

Context: what was the objective?

Context: where is the tunnel located?

Context: Beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover.

Question: when was it completed?

Answer: The tunnel was opened in 1994.

Channel Tunnel [SEP] Introduction

Plans to build a cross-Channel fixed link appeared as early as 1802, but British political and media pressure over the compromising of national security had disrupted attempts to build a tunnel. An early unsuccessful attempt at building a tunnel was made in the late 19th century, on the English side, "in the hope of forcing the hand of the English Government". The eventual successful project, organised by Eurotunnel, began construction in 1988 and opened in 1994. Valued at £5.5 billion in 1985, it was at the time the most expensive construction project ever proposed. The cost finally amounted to £9 billion (equivalent to £ billion in ), well over its predicted budget.


Context: what is grayrigg derailment?

Context: A fatal railway accident.

Context: where did it happen?

Context: what happened actually?

Context: what caused it?

Context: were there any fatalities?

Context: Yes, one .

Context: In 2005.

Context: what was the objective?

Context: where is the tunnel located?

Context: when was it completed?

Context: The tunnel was opened in 1994.

Question: are there any other ways of crossing the channel?

Answer: With ships, ferries and by air.

English Channel [SEP] Ferry

The ferry routes crossing the English Channel, include (have included):-


Question: where did the bald eagle get its name

Answer: It gets both its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult's head.

Bald eagle [SEP] Taxonomy

The bald eagle is placed in the genus "Haliaeetus" (sea eagles), and gets both its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult's head. "Bald" in the English name is from the older usage meaning "white" rather than "hairless", referring to the white head and tail feathers and their contrast with the darker body, as in "piebald". The genus name is New Latin: "Haliaeetus" (from the ), and the specific name, "leucocephalus", is Latinized () and (). The bald eagle was one of the many species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his 18th-century work "Systema Naturae", under the name "Falco leucocephalus".


Context: where did the bald eagle get its name

Context: It gets both its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult's head.

Question: where is it commonly found?

Answer: North America

Explanation: North America

Bald eagle [SEP] Introduction

The bald eagle ("Haliaeetus leucocephalus") is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it has two known subspecies and forms a species pair with the white-tailed eagle ("Haliaeetus albicilla"). Its range includes most of Canada and Alaska, all of the contiguous United States, and northern Mexico. It is found near large bodies of open water with an abundant food supply and old-growth trees for nesting. The bald eagle is an opportunistic feeder which subsists mainly on fish, which it swoops down and snatches from the water with its talons. It builds the largest nest of any North American bird and the largest tree nests ever recorded for any animal species, up to deep, wide, and in weight.


Context: where did the bald eagle get its name

Context: where is it commonly found?

Context: North America

Question: what is the reason for its population declination?

Answer: The use of pesticide DDT, loss of suitable habitat and both legal and illegal shooting.

Explanation: pesticide DDT

Bald eagle [SEP] Population decline and recovery

Once a common sight in much of the continent, the bald eagle was severely affected in the mid-20th century by a variety of factors, among them the thinning of egg shells attributed to use of the pesticide DDT. Bald eagles, like many birds of prey, were especially affected by DDT due to biomagnification. DDT itself was not lethal to the adult bird, but it interfered with the bird's calcium metabolism, making the bird either sterile or unable to lay healthy eggs. Female eagles laid eggs that were too brittle to withstand the weight of a brooding adult, making it nearly impossible for the eggs to hatch.


Context: where did the bald eagle get its name

Context: where is it commonly found?

Context: North America

Context: what is the reason for its population declination?

Context: The use of pesticide DDT, loss of suitable habitat and both legal and illegal shooting.

Question: is there any initiatives taken to control or to protect this birds?

Answer: he Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, approved by the U.S. Congress in 1940, protected the bald eagle and the golden eagle, prohibiting commercial trapping and killing of the birds.

Explanation: The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, approved by the U.S. Congress in 1940, protected the bald eagle and the golden eagle, prohibiting commercial trapping and killing of the birds.

It has also been assigned a risk level of least concern category on the IUCN Red List. In the "Exxon Valdez" oil spill of 1989 an estimated 247 were killed in Prince William Sound, though the local population returned to its pre-spill level by 1995. In some areas, the population has increased such that the eagles are a pest.


Context: where did the bald eagle get its name

Context: where is it commonly found?

Context: North America

Context: is there any initiatives taken to control or to protect this birds?

Context: he Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, approved by the U.S. Congress in 1940, protected the bald eagle and the golden eagle, prohibiting commercial trapping and killing of the birds.

Question: does the above mentioned bird has any cultural significance?

Answer: It  is important in various Native American cultures and, as the national bird of the United States, is prominent in seals and logos, coinage, postage stamps, and other items relating to the U.S. federal government.

Bald eagle [SEP] Cultural significance

The bald eagle is important in various Native American cultures and, as the national bird of the United States, is prominent in seals and logos, coinage, postage stamps, and other items relating to the U.S. federal government.