Context: who discovered titania?

Context: William Herschel.

Context: which planet does it orbit?

Context: Uranus.

Context: how did it originate?

Context: does it have moons?

Context: can you name some of them?

Context: His sister Caroline and his son John.

Context: where is this museum located?

Context: what are some of the rooms in the museum?

Context: Kitchen, parlour ,workshop,an entrance hall , a small closet room,  the Music Room , the Drawing Room and other rooms.

Question: what type of architecture can you find in the city where the museum is located?

Answer: Gregorian architecture.

Bath, Somerset [SEP] Introduction

In the 17th century, claims were made for the curative properties of water from the springs, and Bath became popular as a spa town in the Georgian era. Georgian architecture, crafted from Bath stone, includes the Royal Crescent, Circus, Pump Room and Assembly Rooms where Beau Nash presided over the city's social life from 1705 until his death in 1761.


Context: who discovered titania?

Context: William Herschel.

Context: which planet does it orbit?

Context: Uranus.

Context: how did it originate?

Context: It might have formed from an accretion disc or subnebula; a disc of gas and dust that either existed around Uranus for some time after its formation or was created by the giant impact that most likely gave Uranus its large obliquity.

Context: what is the atmosphere of the planet you mentioned?

Context: The outermost part of Uranus's gaseous envelope that is accessible to remote sensing is called its atmosphere.

Context: does it have moons?

Context: Yes, it has 27 known natural satellites.

Context: can you name some of them?

Context: The five main satellites are Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon.

Context: has herschel made any other discoveries?

Context: He discovered two moons of Saturn, and Uranus. He also  measured the axial tilt of Mars and discovered that the martian ice caps changed size with that planet's seasons.

Context: has he worked with any of his family member?

Context: His sister Caroline and his son John.

Context: is there any organization or building named after him?

Context: His house is the home to the Herschel Museum of Astronomy.

Context: where is this museum located?

Context: At 19 New King Street in Bath, Somerset.

Context: what type of architecture can you find in the city where the museum is located?

Context: Gregorian architecture.

Question: what are some of the features of such architecture?

Answer: Its main features are symmetry, proportion and balance.

Georgian architecture [SEP] Introduction

The Georgian style is highly variable, but marked by symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period. Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube.


Question: what happened at the end of i am legend

Answer: Neville along with Anna and Ethan heads to Vermont to find the survivors' colony.

Explanation: The next morning, Neville abandons his research and heads along with Anna and Ethan to Vermont, a changed man, in the hope of finding the survivors’ colony. They drive down across a bridge while Anna delivers a hopeful monologue ending with the statement: "You are not alone.”

I Am Legend (film) [SEP] Director's Cut ending

The next morning, Neville abandons his research and heads along with Anna and Ethan to Vermont, a changed man, in the hope of finding the survivors' colony. They drive down across a bridge while Anna delivers a hopeful monologue ending with the statement: "You are not alone.”


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: Neville along with Anna and Ethan heads to Vermont to find the survivors' colony.

Question: what is the genre of the movie?

Answer: An  American post-apocalyptic action thriller film.

I Am Legend (film) [SEP] Introduction

I Am Legend is a 2007 American post-apocalyptic action thriller film loosely based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Richard Matheson. Directed by Francis Lawrence, the film stars Will Smith as US Army virologist Robert Neville. It is set in New York City after a virus, which was originally created to cure cancer, has wiped out most of mankind, leaving Neville as the last human in New York, other than nocturnal mutants. Neville is immune to the virus and he works to develop a cure while defending himself against the hostile mutants. It is the third feature-film adaptation of Matheson's 1954 novel "I Am Legend", following 1964's "The Last Man on Earth" and 1971's "The Omega Man".


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: An  American post-apocalyptic action thriller film.

Question: is it based on any book?

Answer: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Explanation: I Am Legend is a 2007 American post-apocalyptic action thriller film loosely based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Richard Matheson.

I Am Legend (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: is it based on any book?

Context: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Question: where was it shot?

Answer: Different places like Williamsburg, Greenwich Village, Brooklyn Bridge etc.

Explanation:
Filming began on September 23, 2006. The Marcy Avenue Armory in Williamsburg was used for the interior of Neville's home, while Greenwich Village was used for the exterior. Other locations include the Tribeca section of lower Manhattan, the aircraft carrier "Intrepid", the Kingsbridge Armory in the Bronx, and St. Patrick's Cathedral. Weeds were imported from Florida and were strewn across locations to make the city look like it had been overgrown with them. The closure of major streets was controversial with New Yorkers. Will Smith said, "I don't think anyone's going to be able to do that in New York again anytime soon. People were not happy. That's the most middle fingers I've ever gotten in my career."

A bridge scene was filmed for six consecutive nights in January on the Brooklyn Bridge to serve as a flashback scene in which New Y

I Am Legend (film) [SEP] Filming

Akiva Goldsman decided to move the story from Los Angeles to New York City to take advantage of locations that would more easily show emptiness. Goldsman explained, "L.A. looks empty at three o'clock in the afternoon, [but] New York is never empty . . . it was a much more interesting way of showing the windswept emptiness of the world." Warner Bros. initially rejected this idea because of the logistics, but Francis Lawrence was determined to shoot on location, to give the film a natural feel that would benefit from not shooting on soundstages. Lawrence went to the city with a camcorder, and filmed areas filled with crowds.


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: is it based on any book?

Context: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Context: where was it shot?

Context: Different places like Williamsburg, Greenwich Village, Brooklyn Bridge etc.

Question: who are the actors starring in it?

Answer: Will Smith.

Explanation: Directed by Francis Lawrence, the film stars Will Smith as US Army virologist Robert Neville.

I Am Legend (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: is it based on any book?

Context: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Context: where was it shot?

Context: who are the actors starring in it?

Context: Will Smith.

Question: which was his debut film?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

I Am Legend (film) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: is it based on any book?

Context: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Context: where was it shot?

Context: who are the actors starring in it?

Context: Will Smith.

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is his political view?

Answer: He supported the presidential campaign for the Democrat Barack Obama.

Will Smith [SEP] Political views

Smith donated $4,600 to the 2008 presidential campaign of Democrat Barack Obama. On December 11, 2009, Smith and his wife hosted the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway to celebrate Obama's winning of the prize. In 2012, Smith stated he supported legalizing same sex marriage.


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: is it based on any book?

Context: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Context: where was it shot?

Context: who are the actors starring in it?

Context: Will Smith.

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is his political view?

Context: He supported the presidential campaign for the Democrat Barack Obama.

Question: what are his religious views?

Answer: In a 2013 interview, he did not identify as religious; however, in 2015 Smith said that he was Christian.

Will Smith [SEP] Religious views

Smith was raised in a Baptist household and attended a Catholic school. In a 2013 interview, he did not identify as religious; however, in 2015 Smith said in an interview with "The Christian Post" that his Christian faith, which was instilled in him by his grandmother, helped him to accurately portray his role as Bennet Omalu in "Concussion" saying, "She was my spiritual teacher, she was that grandmother at the church, the one having the kids doing the Easter presentations and putting on the Christmas plays and her kids and grandkids had to be first. She was the most spiritually certain person that I had ever met in my entire life.


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: is it based on any book?

Context: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Context: where was it shot?

Context: who are the actors starring in it?

Context: Will Smith.

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is his political view?

Context: what are his religious views?

Context: In a 2013 interview, he did not identify as religious; however, in 2015 Smith said that he was Christian.

Question: when did the aforementioned democrat become the president of the u.s.?

Answer: 20 January, 2009.

Barack Obama [SEP] Introduction

After graduating, he became a civil rights attorney and an academic, teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. Turning to elective politics, he represented the 13th district from 1997 until 2004 in the Illinois Senate, when he ran for the U.S. Senate. Obama received national attention in 2004 with his March Senate primary win, his well-received July Democratic National Convention keynote address, and his landslide November election to the Senate. In 2008, he was nominated for president a year after his presidential campaign began, and after close primary campaigns against Hillary Clinton, Obama was elected over Republican John McCain and was inaugurated alongside Joe Biden on January 20, 2009.


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: is it based on any book?

Context: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Context: where was it shot?

Context: who are the actors starring in it?

Context: Will Smith.

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is his political view?

Context: what are his religious views?

Context: when did the aforementioned democrat become the president of the u.s.?

Context: 20 January, 2009.

Question: how is his relationship with cuba?

Answer: He initiated the event ,the Cuban Thaw and announced formal diplomatic relations between the two countries would be resumed.

Explanation: In December 2014, after the secret meetings, it was announced that Obama, with Pope Francis as an intermediary, had negotiated a restoration of relations with Cuba, after nearly sixty years of détente. Popularly dubbed the Cuban Thaw, "The New Republic" deemed the Cuban Thaw to be "Obama's finest foreign policy achievement." On July 1, 2015, President Barack Obama announced that formal diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States would resume, and embassies would be opened in Washington and Havana.

Barack Obama [SEP] Relations with Cuba

Popularly dubbed the Cuban Thaw, "The New Republic" deemed the Cuban Thaw to be "Obama's finest foreign policy achievement." On July 1, 2015, President Barack Obama announced that formal diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States would resume, and embassies would be opened in Washington and Havana. The countries' respective "interests sections" in one another's capitals were upgraded to embassies on July 20 and August 13, 2015, respectively. Obama visited Havana, Cuba for two days in March 2016, becoming the first sitting U.S. president to arrive since Calvin Coolidge in 1928.


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: is it based on any book?

Context: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Context: where was it shot?

Context: who are the actors starring in it?

Context: Will Smith.

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is his political view?

Context: what are his religious views?

Context: 20 January, 2009.

Context: how is his relationship with cuba?

Context: He initiated the event ,the Cuban Thaw and announced formal diplomatic relations between the two countries would be resumed.

Question: how is he related to harvard?

Answer: He enrolled at Harvard Law School in the fall of 1988.

Barack Obama [SEP] Community organizer and Harvard Law School

Despite being offered a full scholarship to Northwestern University School of Law, Obama enrolled at Harvard Law School in the fall of 1988, living in nearby Somerville, Massachusetts. He was selected as an editor of the "Harvard Law Review" at the end of his first year, president of the journal in his second year, and research assistant to the constitutional scholar Laurence Tribe while at Harvard for two years. During his summers, he returned to Chicago, where he worked as a summer associate at the law firms of Sidley Austin in 1989 and Hopkins & Sutter in 1990. After graduating with a JD degree "magna cum laude" from Harvard in 1991, he returned to Chicago.


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: is it based on any book?

Context: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Context: where was it shot?

Context: who are the actors starring in it?

Context: Will Smith.

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is his political view?

Context: what are his religious views?

Context: 20 January, 2009.

Context: how is his relationship with cuba?

Context: how is he related to harvard?

Context: He enrolled at Harvard Law School in the fall of 1988.

Question: what role did he play in the death of bin laden?

Answer: He  authorized a "surgical raid" to be conducted by United States Navy SEALs that resulted in the shooting death of Bin Laden.

Barack Obama [SEP] Death of Osama bin Laden

Starting with information received from Central Intelligence Agency operatives in July 2010, the CIA developed intelligence over the next several months that determined what they believed to be the hideout of Osama bin Laden. He was living in seclusion in a large compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, a suburban area from Islamabad. CIA head Leon Panetta reported this intelligence to President Obama in March 2011. Meeting with his national security advisers over the course of the next six weeks, Obama rejected a plan to bomb the compound, and authorized a "surgical raid" to be conducted by United States Navy SEALs. The operation took place on May 1, 2011, and resulted in the shooting death of bin Laden and the seizure of papers, computer drives and disks from the compound.


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: is it based on any book?

Context: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Context: where was it shot?

Context: who are the actors starring in it?

Context: Will Smith.

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is his political view?

Context: what are his religious views?

Context: 20 January, 2009.

Context: how is his relationship with cuba?

Context: how is he related to harvard?

Context: what role did he play in the death of bin laden?

Context: He  authorized a "surgical raid" to be conducted by United States Navy SEALs that resulted in the shooting death of Bin Laden.

Question: when was the law school established?

Answer: 1817.

Harvard Law School [SEP] Introduction

Harvard Law School (HLS) is the law school of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States and one of the most prestigious in the world. Each class in the three-year JD program has approximately 560 students, among the largest of the top 150 ranked law schools in the United States. The first-year class is broken into seven sections of approximately 80 students, who take most first-year classes together. Harvard's uniquely large class size and prestige have led the law school to graduate a great many distinguished alumni in the judiciary, government, and the business world.


Context: what happened at the end of i am legend

Context: what is the genre of the movie?

Context: is it based on any book?

Context: Yes, on a novel by the same name.

Context: where was it shot?

Context: who are the actors starring in it?

Context: Will Smith.

Context: which was his debut film?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is his political view?

Context: what are his religious views?

Context: 20 January, 2009.

Context: how is his relationship with cuba?

Context: how is he related to harvard?

Context: when was the law school established?

Question: what is the cost of education here?

Answer: The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at Harvard Law for the 2017–2018 academic year is $92,200.

Explanation: The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at Harvard Law for the 2017–2018 academic year is $92,200.

Harvard Law School [SEP] Costs


Question: who played peewee in pee wee's big holiday

Answer: Paul Reubens

Explanation: Paul Reubens

Paul Reubens [SEP] Introduction

Paul Reubens (; né Rubenfeld; born August 27, 1952) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer. He is best known for his character Pee-wee Herman. Reubens joined the Los Angeles troupe The Groundlings in the 1970s, and started his career as an improvisational comedian and stage actor. In 1982, Reubens began appearing in a show about a character he had been developing for years. The show was called "The Pee-wee Herman Show", and ran for five sold-out months; HBO also produced a successful special about it. Pee-wee became an instant cult figure and, for the next decade, Reubens was completely committed to his character, doing all of his public appearances and interviews as Pee-wee.


Context: who played peewee in pee wee's big holiday

Context: Paul Reubens

Question: who is he?

Answer: He  is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer.

Explanation: is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer.

Paul Reubens [SEP] Introduction


Context: Paul Reubens

Context: who is he?

Context: He  is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Peekskill, New York

Explanation: Peekskill, New York

Paul Reubens [SEP] Early life and education

Reubens was born Paul Rubenfeld in Peekskill, New York, and grew up in Sarasota, Florida, where his parents, Judy (Rosen) and Milton Rubenfeld, owned a lamp store. His mother was a teacher. His father was an automobile salesperson who had flown for Britain's Royal Air Force and for the U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II, and later became one of the founding pilots of the Israeli Air Force during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Reubens' two younger siblings are Luke (born 1958), who is a dog trainer, and Abby (born 1953), who is an attorney and a board member of the American Civil Liberties Union of Tennessee.


Context: Paul Reubens

Context: who is he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Peekskill, New York

Question: which are some of his notable works?

Answer: The Pee-wee Herman Show, Pee-wee Herman film, Pee-wee's Playhouse etc

Explanation: The Pee-wee Herman Show

Paul Reubens [SEP] "Pee-wee's Big Adventure": 1985

The success of "The Pee-wee Herman Show" prompted Warner Bros. to hire Reubens to write a script for a full-length Pee-wee Herman film. Reubens' original idea was to do a remake of "Pollyanna", which Reubens claims is his favorite film. Halfway through writing the script, Reubens noticed everyone at Warner Bros. had a bike with them, which inspired Reubens to start on a new script with Phil Hartman. When Reubens and the producers of "Pee-wee's Big Adventure" saw Tim Burton's work on "Vincent" and "Frankenweenie", they chose Burton to be the film's director. The film tells the story of Pee-wee Herman embarking on nationwide adventure in search of his stolen bicycle.


Context: Paul Reubens

Context: who is he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Peekskill, New York

Context: which are some of his notable works?

Context: The Pee-wee Herman Show, Pee-wee Herman film, Pee-wee's Playhouse etc

Question: has he ever been arrested?

Answer: Yes, in Sarasota, Florida, during a film at an adult movie theater.

Paul Reubens [SEP] 1991 arrest and retreat from public eye

In July 1991, Reubens was arrested in Sarasota, Florida, for masturbating during a film at an adult movie theater. During a random police inspection, a detective who had observed Reubens detained him as he was readying to leave. (This sweep also resulted in three other arrests). When detectives examined his driver's license, Reubens told them, "I'm Pee-wee Herman", and offered to do a children's benefit for the sheriff's office, "to take care of this". The next day, after a local reporter recognized Reubens' name, Reubens' attorney made the same offer to the "Sarasota Herald-Tribune" in exchange for withholding the story.


Context: Paul Reubens

Context: who is he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Peekskill, New York

Context: which are some of his notable works?

Context: has he ever been arrested?

Context: Yes, in Sarasota, Florida, during a film at an adult movie theater.

Question: what is the first show about?

Answer: It is a stage show developed by Paul Reubens in 1980.

The Pee-wee Herman Show [SEP] Introduction

The Pee-wee Herman Show is a stage show developed by Paul Reubens in 1980. It marks the first significant appearance of his comedic fictional character, Pee-wee Herman, five years before "Pee-wee's Big Adventure", and six years before "Pee-wee's Playhouse". The show initially debuted as a midnight show in February 1981 at the Groundlings theater, and was later moved to Los Angeles' Roxy Theatre, where the HBO cable network taped one of the shows and aired it as a special that year. This TV special was released on DVD by Image Entertainment July 18, 2006. This nightclub show had more adult humor than the later children's television series.


Context: Paul Reubens

Context: who is he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Peekskill, New York

Context: which are some of his notable works?

Context: has he ever been arrested?

Context: what is the first show about?

Context: It is a stage show developed by Paul Reubens in 1980.

Question: in which platform the show aired for the first time?

Answer: Groundlings theater

Explanation: The show initially debuted as a midnight show in February 1981 at the Groundlings theater


Context: Paul Reubens

Context: who is he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Peekskill, New York

Context: which are some of his notable works?

Context: has he ever been arrested?

Context: what is the first show about?

Context: in which platform the show aired for the first time?

Context: Groundlings theater

Question: from where the above mentioned actor/producer pursue his education?

Answer: Sarasota High School, Northwestern University's summer program, Boston University and California Institute of the Arts

Explanation: Sarasota High School, where he was named president of the National Thespian Society. He was accepted into Northwestern University's summer program for gifted high-school students, joined the local Asolo Theater and Players of Sarasota Theater, and appeared in several plays. After graduation, he attended Boston University and began auditioning for acting schools. He was turned down by several schools, including Juilliard, and twice by

Reubens spent a significant amount of his childhood in Oneonta, New York. As a child, Reubens frequented the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, whose winter headquarters was in Sarasota. The circus' atmosphere sparked Reubens' interest in entertainment and influenced his later work. Reubens also loved to watch reruns of "I Love Lucy", which made him want to make people laugh. At age 5, Reubens asked his father to build him a stage, where he and his siblings would put on plays. Reubens attended Sarasota High School, where he was named president of the National Thespian Society. He was accepted into Northwestern University's summer program for gifted high-school students, joined the local Asolo Theater and Players of Sarasota Theater, and appeared in several plays.


Context: Paul Reubens

Context: who is he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Peekskill, New York

Context: which are some of his notable works?

Context: has he ever been arrested?

Context: what is the first show about?

Context: Groundlings theater

Context: from where the above mentioned actor/producer pursue his education?

Context: Sarasota High School, Northwestern University's summer program, Boston University and California Institute of the Arts

Question: where is the second university located?

Answer: Boston, Massachusetts

Explanation: Boston, Massachusetts

Boston University [SEP] Introduction

Boston University (BU) is a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. The university is nonsectarian, but maintains its historical affiliation with the United Methodist Church. It was founded in 1839 by Methodists with its original campus in Newbury, Vermont, before moving to Boston in 1867. The university now has over 3,900 faculty members and nearly 33,000 students, and is one of Boston's largest employers. It offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, doctorates, and medical, dental, business, and law degrees through 18 schools and colleges on two urban campuses. The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Boston's Fenway-Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods, while the Boston University Medical Campus is located in Boston's South End neighborhood.


Context: Paul Reubens

Context: who is he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Peekskill, New York

Context: which are some of his notable works?

Context: has he ever been arrested?

Context: what is the first show about?

Context: Groundlings theater

Context: where is the second university located?

Context: Boston, Massachusetts

Question: when was this university founded?

Answer: 1839

Boston University [SEP] Introduction


Context: Paul Reubens

Context: who is he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Peekskill, New York

Context: which are some of his notable works?

Context: has he ever been arrested?

Context: what is the first show about?

Context: Groundlings theater

Context: where is the second university located?

Context: Boston, Massachusetts

Context: when was this university founded?

Question: by whom?

Answer: Methodists

Explanation: Methodists

Boston University [SEP] Introduction


Question: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Answer: The arch-nemesis of FBI Special Agent Fox Mulder.

Cigarette Smoking Man [SEP] Introduction

Cigarette Smoking Man (abbreviated CSM or C-Man; sometimes referred to as Cancer Man or the Smoking Man) is a fictional character and one of the primary antagonists of the Fox science fiction-supernatural television series "The X-Files". He serves as the arch-nemesis of FBI Special Agent Fox Mulder. In the show's sixth season, his name is said to be C.G.B. Spender, but Dana Scully suggests this is one of "hundreds of aliases"; the show's characters and fans continue to refer to him by variations of "the Smoking Man" because he is almost always seen chain-smoking Morley cigarettes. In the eleventh season, he reveals his full name to be Carl Gerhard Busch.


Context: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Context: The arch-nemesis of FBI Special Agent Fox Mulder.

Question: how was the character depicted in the series?

Answer: Kim Manners, a director of several "X-Files" episodes, said that the Smoking Man was the show's version of Darth Vader.

Cigarette Smoking Man [SEP] Characterization

Kim Manners, a director of several "X-Files" episodes, said that the Smoking Man was the show's version of Darth Vader. Some "X-Files" fans have categorized the Smoking Man as evil, making him out to be the villain. Series creator Chris Carter once called him "the devil", producing a mixed reaction among fans. Some fans, along with the portraying actor, see him as a hero, as he is forced to make choices others are not. The Smoking Man is involved in the Syndicate, a shadow organization which includes members of the United States government that exists to hide from the public the fact that aliens are planning to colonize Earth.


Context: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Context: how was the character depicted in the series?

Context: Kim Manners, a director of several "X-Files" episodes, said that the Smoking Man was the show's version of Darth Vader.

Question: what was the storyline of the series?

Answer: The series revolves around Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scullywho investigate X-Files: marginalized, unsolved cases involving paranormal phenomena.

The X-Files [SEP] Introduction

The series revolves around Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny), and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who investigate X-Files: marginalized, unsolved cases involving paranormal phenomena. Mulder believes in the existence of aliens and the paranormal while Scully, a medical doctor and a skeptic, is assigned to scientifically analyze Mulder's discoveries, offer alternate rational theories to his work, and thus return him to mainstream cases. Early in the series, both agents become pawns in a larger conflict and come to trust only each other and a few select people. The agents also discover an agenda of the government to keep the existence of extraterrestrial life a secret.


Context: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Context: what was the storyline of the series?

Context: The series revolves around Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scullywho investigate X-Files: marginalized, unsolved cases involving paranormal phenomena.

Question: can you tell me something about the character who resembles the "smoking man"?

Answer: He is a key member in a government-conspiracy unit known only as the Syndicate, who are hiding the truth of alien existence and their plan to colonize Earth. His power and influence remain strong, even after most of the Syndicate is destroyed.

Explanation: . An influential man working for the powers that be, he is a key member in a government-conspiracy unit known only as the Syndicate, who are hiding the truth of alien existence and their plan to colonize Earth. His power and influence remain strong, even after most of the Syndicate is destroyed.

The Smoking Man is portrayed by Canadian actor William B. Davis. When Davis first took the role, the character was written as an extra for the pilot episode. He returned for small cameo appearances during the first season, making increasingly more appearances in the seasons that followed. Davis never received an award for his portrayal alone, but he was nominated for ensemble awards.


Context: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Context: what was the storyline of the series?

Context: can you tell me something about the character who resembles the "smoking man"?

Context: He is a key member in a government-conspiracy unit known only as the Syndicate, who are hiding the truth of alien existence and their plan to colonize Earth. His power and influence remain strong, even after most of the Syndicate is destroyed.

Question: who plays the role of the first fbi agent that is mentioned above?

Answer: David Duchovny.

Explanation: The series revolves around Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny),

The X-Files [SEP] Introduction

New main characters were introduced: FBI agents John Doggett (Robert Patrick) and Monica Reyes (Annabeth Gish). Mulder and Scully's boss, Assistant Director Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi), also became a main character. The first five seasons of "The X-Files" were filmed and produced in Vancouver, British Columbia, before eventually moving to Los Angeles to accommodate Duchovny. The series later returned to Vancouver to film "The X-Files: I Want to Believe" as well as the tenth and eleventh seasons of the series.


Context: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Context: what was the storyline of the series?

Context: who plays the role of the first fbi agent that is mentioned above?

Context: David Duchovny.

Question: apart from acting, is he into any other profession?

Answer: He is also a writer, producer, director, novelist, and singer-songwriter.

David Duchovny [SEP] Introduction

David William Duchovny (born August 7, 1960) is an American actor, writer, producer, director, novelist, and singer-songwriter. He is known for playing FBI agent Fox Mulder on the television series "The X-Files" and writer Hank Moody on the television series "Californication", both of which have earned him Golden Globe awards. Duchovny appeared in both "X-Files" films, the 1998 science fiction-thriller of the same name and the supernatural-thriller "" (2008). He executive-produced and starred in the historically based cop drama "Aquarius" (2015–16). Duchovny earned an A.B. in English literature from Princeton University, and an M.A. in English literature from Yale University, and has since published three books, "Holy Cow: A Modern-Day Dairy Tale" (2015), "Bucky F*cking Dent" (2016) and "Miss Subways" (2018).


Context: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Context: what was the storyline of the series?

Context: David Duchovny.

Context: apart from acting, is he into any other profession?

Context: He is also a writer, producer, director, novelist, and singer-songwriter.

Question: and who played the role of the second fbi agent?

Answer: Gillian Anderson.

Explanation: The series revolves around Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny), and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson)

The X-Files [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Context: what was the storyline of the series?

Context: David Duchovny.

Context: and who played the role of the second fbi agent?

Context: Gillian Anderson.

Question: whom did this person marry?

Answer: Clyde Klotz, and Julian Ozanne.

Gillian Anderson [SEP] Relationships and children

Anderson married her first husband, Clyde Klotz, an "X-Files" assistant art director, on New Year's Day 1994, in Hawaii in a Buddhist ceremony. Their daughter, Piper Maru, was born on September 25, 1994. Showrunner Chris Carter, Piper's godfather, named an "X-Files" episode after her. Anderson and Klotz divorced in 1997. On December 29, 2004, Anderson married Julian Ozanne, a documentary filmmaker, on Lamu Island, off the coast of Kenya. Anderson announced their separation on April 21, 2006. Anderson and former partner, businessman Mark Griffiths, have two children. She ended their relationship in 2012. In March 2012, Anderson told "Out" magazine about her past relationships with women.


Context: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Context: what was the storyline of the series?

Context: David Duchovny.

Context: Gillian Anderson.

Context: whom did this person marry?

Context: Clyde Klotz, and Julian Ozanne.

Question: when did the aforemwhen did the aforementioned series release?entioned series release?

Answer: 10 September 1993.

The X-Files [SEP] Introduction

The X-Files is an American science fiction drama television series created by Chris Carter. The original television series aired from September 10, 1993 to May 19, 2002 on Fox. The program spanned nine seasons, with 202 episodes. A short tenth season consisting of six episodes premiered on January 24, 2016, and concluded on February 22, 2016. Following the ratings success of this revival, "The X-Files" returned for an eleventh season of ten episodes, which premiered on January 3, 2018, and concluded on March 21, 2018. In addition to the television series, two feature films have been released: The 1998 film "The X-Files", which took place as part of the TV series continuity, and the stand-alone film "", released in 2008, six years after the original television run had ended.


Context: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Context: what was the storyline of the series?

Context: David Duchovny.

Context: Gillian Anderson.

Context: whom did this person marry?

Context: Clyde Klotz, and Julian Ozanne.

Context: when did the aforemwhen did the aforementioned series release?entioned series release?

Context: 10 September 1993.

Question: was the storyline adapted in a film?

Answer: "The X-Files: Fight the Future" .

Explanation: f the fifth season focused on just one of the two leads. On June 19, 1998, the eponymous "The X-Files", also known as "The X-Files: Fight the Future" was released.

The X-Files [SEP] Films

In April 2002, Carter reiterated his desire and the studio's desire to do a sequel film. He planned to write the script over the summer and begin production in spring or summer 2003 for a 2004 release. Carter described the film as independent of the series, saying "We're looking at the movies as stand-alones. They're not necessarily going to have to deal with the mythology." Bowman, who had directed various episodes of "The X-Files" in the past as well as the 1998 film, expressed an interest in the sequel, but Carter took the job. Spotnitz co-authored the script with Carter.


Context: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Context: what was the storyline of the series?

Context: David Duchovny.

Context: Gillian Anderson.

Context: whom did this person marry?

Context: Clyde Klotz, and Julian Ozanne.

Context: 10 September 1993.

Context: was the storyline adapted in a film?

Context: "The X-Files: Fight the Future" .

Question: where is the director of the series from?

Answer: He is from America.

Explanation: Kim Manners (January 13, 1951 – January 25, 2009) was an American television producer, director and actor best known for his work on "The X-Files" and "Supernatural".

Kim Manners [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was the smoking man on the x-files

Context: what was the storyline of the series?

Context: David Duchovny.

Context: Gillian Anderson.

Context: whom did this person marry?

Context: Clyde Klotz, and Julian Ozanne.

Context: 10 September 1993.

Context: was the storyline adapted in a film?

Context: "The X-Files: Fight the Future" .

Context: where is the director of the series from?

Context: He is from America.

Question: how did he die?

Answer: Lung cancer.

Kim Manners [SEP] Death and memorial

Manners died of lung cancer in Los Angeles, California, on January 25, 2009, 12 days after his 58th birthday. The closing credits of the "Supernatural" season four episode "Death Takes a Holiday", which aired on March 12, 2009, showed two photos of Manners, along with the caption "We dedicate the entire season to Kim Manners" and a message stating, "We miss you, Kim." The fifth episode of the second season of AMC's "Breaking Bad", titled "Breakage", which premiered on April 5, 2009, featured a dedication to Manners in the end credits, which stated "Dedicated to our Friend, Kim Manners". The episode "Mulder and Scully Meet the Were-Monster", from the revival season for "The X Files" which aired on February 1, 2016, features a scene where Mulder sits against Manners' gravestone, inscribed with Manners' real date of birth and death, and the phrase, "Let's Kick It in the Ass."


Question: what is nebula science fiction?

Answer: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Nebula Science Fiction [SEP] Introduction

Nebula Science Fiction was the first Scottish science fiction magazine. It was published from 1952 to 1959, and was edited by Peter Hamilton, a young Scot who was able to take advantage of spare capacity at his parents' printing company, Crownpoint, to launch the magazine. Because Hamilton could only print "Nebula" when Crownpoint had no other work, the schedule was initially erratic. In 1955 he moved the printing to a Dublin-based firm, and the schedule became a little more regular, with a steady monthly run beginning in 1958 that lasted into the following year. "Nebula"s circulation was international, with only a quarter of the sales in the United Kingdom; this led to disaster when South Africa and Australia imposed import controls on foreign periodicals at the end of the 1950s.


Context:
what is nebula science fiction?
First Scottish science fiction magazine

Question: when was it first published?

Answer: Autumn 1952

Explanation: The first issue was dated Autumn 1952, and sold 4,000 copies.

Nebula Science Fiction [SEP] Publishing history

A further quarter of the sales were in Australia, another third in the US, and nearly a tenth in South Africa. At the end of the 1950s, first South Africa and then Australia began to limit foreign magazine imports, for economic reasons, and when this was followed by UK excise duties the magazine was quickly in debt. Hamilton was forced to cease publication with issue 41, dated June 1959. Hamilton had also had health problems which contributed to his decision to stop publication.


Context:
what is nebula science fiction?
First Scottish science fiction magazine
when was it first published?
Autumn 1952

Question: what kind of content does it publish?

Answer: Novels, short stories and columns by well known as well as upcoming writers

Explanation: The first two issues of "Nebula" contained the two novels Hamilton had bought before changing his plans from a paperback series to a magazine: "Robots Never Weep" by E.R. James, and "Thou Pasture Us" by F.G. Rayer. These left little room for other material, but Hamilton was able to reprint a short story by A. E. van Vogt in the first issue, and stories by John Brunner and E. C. Tubb in the second issue, along with material by lesser known writers. There was also a column by Walt Willis called "The Electric Fan", later renamed "Fanorama", which covered science fiction fandom.

Nebula Science Fiction [SEP] Contents and reception


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: Novels, short stories and columns by well known as well as upcoming writers

Question: name a few people who wrote for it?

Answer: Robert Silverberg, Brian Aldiss and Bob Shaw

Excise duties imposed in the UK added to Hamilton's financial burdens, and he was rapidly forced to close the magazine. The last issue was dated June 1959. The magazine was popular with writers, partly because Hamilton went to great lengths to encourage new writers, and partly because he paid better rates per word than much of his competition. Initially he could not compete with the American market, but he offered a bonus for the most popular story in the issue, and was eventually able to match the leading American magazines. He published the first stories of several well-known writers, including Robert Silverberg, Brian Aldiss, and Bob Shaw.


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Robert Silverberg, Brian Aldiss and Bob Shaw

Question: did the second person serve in the military?

Answer: Yes. He joined the Royal Signals during the Second World War

Brian Aldiss [SEP] Early life, education, and military service

As a child he discovered the pulp magazine "Astounding Science Fiction", and read all the novels by H. G. Wells and Robert Heinlein, and later Philip K. Dick. In 1943, during the Second World War, he joined the Royal Signals and saw action in Burma.


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: did the second person serve in the military?

Context: Yes. He joined the Royal Signals during the Second World War

Question: did he have any other skills besides writing?

Answer: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Brian Aldiss [SEP] Art

In addition to a highly successful career as a writer, Aldiss was an accomplished artist. His first solo exhibition, "The Other Hemisphere", was held in Oxford, August–September 2010, and the exhibition's centrepiece "Metropolis" (see figure) has since been released as a limited edition fine art print. (The exhibition title denotes the writer/artist's notion, "words streaming from one side of his brain inspiring images in what he calls 'the other hemisphere'".)


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: did he have any other skills besides writing?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Question: what kind of work did he accomplish using that skill?

Answer: His first solo exhibition, "The Other Hemisphere", was held in Oxford, August–September 2010, and the exhibition's centrepiece "Metropolis" has since been released as a limited edition fine art print

Explanation: His first solo exhibition, "The Other Hemisphere", was held in Oxford, August–September 2010, and the exhibition's centrepiece "Metropolis" (see figure) has since been released as a limited edition fine art print.

Brian Aldiss [SEP] Art


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: what kind of work did he accomplish using that skill?

Context: His first solo exhibition, "The Other Hemisphere", was held in Oxford, August–September 2010, and the exhibition's centrepiece "Metropolis" has since been released as a limited edition fine art print

Question: where is the place located, where his first solo exhibition was held?

Answer: Oxfordshire, England

Oxford [SEP] Introduction

Oxford () is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 152,450. It is northwest of London, from Birmingham and from Reading by road. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world, and has buildings in every style of English architecture from late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, information technology and science.


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: where is the place located, where his first solo exhibition was held?

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Question: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Answer: An environmental and planning policy that regulates the rural space in Oxfordshire which aims to prevent urban sprawl and minimize convergence with nearby settlements

Oxford [SEP] Green belt

Oxford is at the centre of the Oxford Green Belt, which is an environmental and planning policy that regulates the rural space in Oxfordshire surrounding the city which aims to prevent urban sprawl and minimize convergence with nearby settlements. The policy has been blamed for the large rise in house prices in Oxford, making it the least affordable city in the UK outside London, with estate agents calling for brownfield land inside the green belt to be released for new housing. The vast majority of area covered is outside the city, but there are some green spaces within that are covered by the designation such as much of the Thames and Cherwell river flood-meadows, and the village of Binsey, along with several smaller portions on the fringes.


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Context: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Context: An environmental and planning policy that regulates the rural space in Oxfordshire which aims to prevent urban sprawl and minimize convergence with nearby settlements

Question: is it a city or an institution?

Answer: It is an environmental and planning policy

Explanation: Oxford is at the centre of the Oxford Green Belt, which is an environmental and planning policy

Oxford [SEP] Green belt


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Context: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Context: is it a city or an institution?

Context: It is an environmental and planning policy

Question: mention a few landmarks at oxford?

Answer: Carfax Tower, the University Church of St Mary the Virgin and Covered Market

Oxford [SEP] Landmarks

Oxford has numerous major tourist attractions, many belonging to the university and colleges. As well as several famous institutions, the town centre is home to Carfax Tower and the University Church of St Mary the Virgin, both of which offer views over the spires of the city. Many tourists shop at the historic Covered Market. In the summer punting on the Thames/Isis and the Cherwell is popular.


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Context: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Context: is it a city or an institution?

Context: mention a few landmarks at oxford?

Context: Carfax Tower, the University Church of St Mary the Virgin and Covered Market

Question: what type of architectural style is used in the second landmark?

Answer: Gothic style

Explanation:
In the later 15th and early 16th century the main body of the church was substantially rebuilt in the Perpendicular style, but the oldest part of the present church is the tower, which dates from around 1270. The Decorated spire with its triple-gabled outer pinnacles, inner pinnacles, gargoyles and statues was added in the 1320s. Only one of the twelve statues is original, the others were by George Frampton and erected around 1894. The original statues can now be found in the cloister of New College. The tower is plainer, having long three light bell openings with intersecting tracery. The architect is unknown, though the master mason in 1275 was Richard of Abingdon.
The south porch was built in 1637 and was designed by Nicholas Stone, master mason to Charles I. It was a gift from Dr Morgan Owen, chaplain to Archbishop Laud. It is highly ornate, with spiral columns supporting a curly pediment framing a shell niche with a statue of the Virgin and Child, underneath a gothic fan vault.

University Church of St Mary the Virgin [SEP] Architecture


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Context: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Context: is it a city or an institution?

Context: mention a few landmarks at oxford?

Context: what type of architectural style is used in the second landmark?

Context: Gothic style

Question: what type of architecture is it?

Answer: It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture

Gothic architecture [SEP] Introduction

Gothic architecture (or pointed architecture) is an architectural style that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. It originated in 12th-century northern France and England as a development of Norman architecture. Its popularity lasted into the 16th century, before which the style was known as ; the term "Gothic" was first applied contemptuously during the later Renaissance, by those ambitious to revive the Grecian orders of architecture. The defining element of Gothic architecture is the pointed or ogival arch. It is the primary engineering innovation and the characteristic design component.


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Context: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Context: is it a city or an institution?

Context: mention a few landmarks at oxford?

Context: Gothic style

Context: what type of architecture is it?

Context: It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture

Question: where does gothic style architecture get its name from?

Answer: Giorgio Vasari attributed various architectural features to the Goths, whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings and erecting new ones in this style

Gothic architecture [SEP] Name

Gothic architecture is also known as pointed architecture or ogival architecture. Mediaeval contemporaries described the style as , as , , or as . The term "Gothic architecture" originated as a pejorative description. Giorgio Vasari used the term "barbarous German style" in his "Lives of the Artists" to describe what is now considered the Gothic style, and in the introduction to the "Lives" he attributes various architectural features to the Goths, whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings after they conquered Rome, and erecting new ones in this style. When Vasari wrote, Italy had experienced a century of building in the Vitruvian architectural vocabulary of classical orders revived in the Renaissance and seen as evidence of a new Golden Age of learning and refinement.


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Context: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Context: is it a city or an institution?

Context: mention a few landmarks at oxford?

Context: Gothic style

Context: what type of architecture is it?

Context: where does gothic style architecture get its name from?

Context: Giorgio Vasari attributed various architectural features to the Goths, whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings and erecting new ones in this style

Question: who is the person giorgio mentioned above?

Answer: The Goths were Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Goths [SEP] Introduction

The Goths (; ) were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of Medieval Europe. They were first definitely reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the 3rd century AD, living north of the Danube in what is now Ukraine, Moldova and Romania. Later, many moved into the Roman Empire, or settled west of the Carpathians near what is now Hungary. A people called the "Gutones"—possibly early Goths—are documented living near the lower Vistula River in the 1st century, where they are associated with the archaeological Wielbark culture. In his book "Getica", the Gothic historian Jordanes claimed that the Goths originated in southern Scandinavia more than 1,000 years earlier, but his reliability is disputed.


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Context: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Context: is it a city or an institution?

Context: mention a few landmarks at oxford?

Context: Gothic style

Context: what type of architecture is it?

Context: who is the person giorgio mentioned above?

Context: The Goths were Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Question: what was vasari's social stand?

Answer: He enjoyed high repute during his lifetime and amassed a considerable fortune

Giorgio Vasari [SEP] Social standing

Vasari enjoyed high repute during his lifetime and amassed a considerable fortune. In 1547, he built himself a fine house in Arezzo (now a museum honouring him), and decorated its walls and vaults with paintings. He was elected to the municipal council of his native town, and finally rose to the supreme office of gonfaloniere. He was made Knight of the Golden Spur by the Pope. He married Niccolosa Bacci, a member of one the richest and most prominent families of Arezzo. In 1563, he helped found the Florentine "Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno", with the Grand Duke and Michelangelo as "capi" of the institution and 36 artists chosen as members.


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: Novels, short stories and columns by well known as well as upcoming writers

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Robert Silverberg, Brian Aldiss and Bob Shaw

Context: did the second person serve in the military?

Context: Yes. He joined the Royal Signals during the Second World War

Context: did he have any other skills besides writing?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: what kind of work did he accomplish using that skill?

Context: His first solo exhibition, "The Other Hemisphere", was held in Oxford, August–September 2010, and the exhibition's centrepiece "Metropolis" has since been released as a limited edition fine art print

Context: where is the place located, where his first solo exhibition was held?

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Context: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Context: An environmental and planning policy that regulates the rural space in Oxfordshire which aims to prevent urban sprawl and minimize convergence with nearby settlements

Context: is it a city or an institution?

Context: It is an environmental and planning policy

Context: mention a few landmarks at oxford?

Context: Carfax Tower, the University Church of St Mary the Virgin and Covered Market

Context: what type of architectural style is used in the second landmark?

Context: Gothic style

Context: what type of architecture is it?

Context: It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture

Context: where does gothic style architecture get its name from?

Context: Giorgio Vasari attributed various architectural features to the Goths, whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings and erecting new ones in this style

Context: who is the person giorgio mentioned above?

Context: The Goths were Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: what was vasari's social stand?

Context: He enjoyed high repute during his lifetime and amassed a considerable fortune

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Arezzo, Tuscany

Giorgio Vasari [SEP] Life

Vasari was born prematurely on 30 July 1511 in Arezzo, Tuscany. Recommended at an early age by his cousin Luca Signorelli, he became a pupil of Guglielmo da Marsiglia, a skillful painter of stained glass. Sent to Florence at the age of sixteen by Cardinal Silvio Passerini, he joined the circle of Andrea del Sarto and his pupils Rosso Fiorentino and Jacopo Pontormo, where his humanist education was encouraged. He was befriended by Michelangelo, whose painting style would influence his own. He died on 27 June 1574 in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, aged 62.


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: Novels, short stories and columns by well known as well as upcoming writers

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Robert Silverberg, Brian Aldiss and Bob Shaw

Context: did the second person serve in the military?

Context: Yes. He joined the Royal Signals during the Second World War

Context: did he have any other skills besides writing?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: what kind of work did he accomplish using that skill?

Context: His first solo exhibition, "The Other Hemisphere", was held in Oxford, August–September 2010, and the exhibition's centrepiece "Metropolis" has since been released as a limited edition fine art print

Context: where is the place located, where his first solo exhibition was held?

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Context: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Context: An environmental and planning policy that regulates the rural space in Oxfordshire which aims to prevent urban sprawl and minimize convergence with nearby settlements

Context: is it a city or an institution?

Context: It is an environmental and planning policy

Context: mention a few landmarks at oxford?

Context: Carfax Tower, the University Church of St Mary the Virgin and Covered Market

Context: what type of architectural style is used in the second landmark?

Context: Gothic style

Context: what type of architecture is it?

Context: It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture

Context: where does gothic style architecture get its name from?

Context: Giorgio Vasari attributed various architectural features to the Goths, whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings and erecting new ones in this style

Context: who is the person giorgio mentioned above?

Context: The Goths were Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: what was vasari's social stand?

Context: He enjoyed high repute during his lifetime and amassed a considerable fortune

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Tuscany

Question: mention a few residents from arezzo?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Giorgio Vasari [SEP] Life


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: Novels, short stories and columns by well known as well as upcoming writers

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Robert Silverberg, Brian Aldiss and Bob Shaw

Context: did the second person serve in the military?

Context: Yes. He joined the Royal Signals during the Second World War

Context: did he have any other skills besides writing?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: what kind of work did he accomplish using that skill?

Context: His first solo exhibition, "The Other Hemisphere", was held in Oxford, August–September 2010, and the exhibition's centrepiece "Metropolis" has since been released as a limited edition fine art print

Context: where is the place located, where his first solo exhibition was held?

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Context: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Context: An environmental and planning policy that regulates the rural space in Oxfordshire which aims to prevent urban sprawl and minimize convergence with nearby settlements

Context: is it a city or an institution?

Context: It is an environmental and planning policy

Context: mention a few landmarks at oxford?

Context: Carfax Tower, the University Church of St Mary the Virgin and Covered Market

Context: what type of architectural style is used in the second landmark?

Context: Gothic style

Context: what type of architecture is it?

Context: It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture

Context: where does gothic style architecture get its name from?

Context: Giorgio Vasari attributed various architectural features to the Goths, whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings and erecting new ones in this style

Context: who is the person giorgio mentioned above?

Context: The Goths were Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: what was vasari's social stand?

Context: He enjoyed high repute during his lifetime and amassed a considerable fortune

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Tuscany

Context: mention a few residents from arezzo?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who was the editor at the inception of the nebula magazine?

Answer: Peter Hamilton

Explanation: It was published from 1952 to 1959, and was edited by Peter Hamilton


Context: what is nebula science fiction?

Context: First Scottish science fiction magazine

Context: when was it first published?

Context: Autumn 1952

Context: what kind of content does it publish?

Context: Novels, short stories and columns by well known as well as upcoming writers

Context: name a few people who wrote for it?

Context: Robert Silverberg, Brian Aldiss and Bob Shaw

Context: did the second person serve in the military?

Context: Yes. He joined the Royal Signals during the Second World War

Context: did he have any other skills besides writing?

Context: Yes. He was an accomplished artist

Context: what kind of work did he accomplish using that skill?

Context: His first solo exhibition, "The Other Hemisphere", was held in Oxford, August–September 2010, and the exhibition's centrepiece "Metropolis" has since been released as a limited edition fine art print

Context: where is the place located, where his first solo exhibition was held?

Context: Oxfordshire, England

Context: what is "green belt" in oxford?

Context: An environmental and planning policy that regulates the rural space in Oxfordshire which aims to prevent urban sprawl and minimize convergence with nearby settlements

Context: is it a city or an institution?

Context: It is an environmental and planning policy

Context: mention a few landmarks at oxford?

Context: Carfax Tower, the University Church of St Mary the Virgin and Covered Market

Context: what type of architectural style is used in the second landmark?

Context: Gothic style

Context: what type of architecture is it?

Context: It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture

Context: where does gothic style architecture get its name from?

Context: Giorgio Vasari attributed various architectural features to the Goths, whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings and erecting new ones in this style

Context: who is the person giorgio mentioned above?

Context: The Goths were Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: what was vasari's social stand?

Context: He enjoyed high repute during his lifetime and amassed a considerable fortune

Context: where was he born?

Context: Arezzo, Tuscany

Context: mention a few residents from arezzo?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who was the editor at the inception of the nebula magazine?

Context: Peter Hamilton

Question: what kind of critical response did the magazine get?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Question: what's the genre of parks and recreation (season 1)?

Answer: Comedy.

Parks and Recreation (season 1) [SEP] Introduction

The first season of "Parks and Recreation" originally aired in the United States on the NBC television network between April 9 and May 14, 2009. Produced by Deedle-Dee Productions and Universal Media Studios, the series was created by Greg Daniels and Michael Schur, who served as executive producers with Howard Klein. The season stars Amy Poehler, Rashida Jones, Paul Schneider, Aziz Ansari, Nick Offerman, and Aubrey Plaza. The comedy series focuses on Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler), the deputy director of the parks and recreation department of the fictional town of Pawnee, Indiana. The season consisted of six 22-minute episodes, all of which aired at 8:30 p.m.


Context: what's the genre of parks and recreation (season 1)?

Context: Comedy.

Question: which are the main characters?

Answer: Amy Poehler, Rashida Jones, Paul Schneider, Aziz Ansari, Nick Offerman, and Aubrey Plaza.

Explanation: The season stars Amy Poehler, Rashida Jones, Paul Schneider, Aziz Ansari, Nick Offerman, and Aubrey Plaza.


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: Amy Poehler, Rashida Jones, Paul Schneider, Aziz Ansari, Nick Offerman, and Aubrey Plaza.

Question: who is the script writer?

Answer: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Explanation: Daniels and Schur wrote the script for the pilot episode in mid-2008.

Parks and Recreation (season 1) [SEP] Writing

The original script portrayed Leslie and Mark as slightly less likable than they appeared in the final draft. For example, in the premiere episode, Mark asks Ron to greenlight the park because he is inspired by Leslie's optimism and wants to help her. In the original script, Mark intervened because he was attracted to Ann and wanted an excuse to keep seeing her. The characters were made more likable in response to feedback the episode received from focus groups and press tour screenings. The first-season episodes were written and developed relatively quickly after each other, and Schur said the staff was treating the entire six-episode season as if it was one television pilot.


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Question: how was its review?

Answer: Early test screenings were poor, and many critics and industry observers were skeptical about the show's chances of success. The first season received generally mixed reviews.

on Thursdays. Daniels and Schur conceived the show when NBC officials asked Daniels to produce a spin-off of his comedy series "The Office", on which Schur was a writer. During development, the creators decided the new show would be a stand-alone series, though it would share the mockumentary style of "The Office". Like that show, "Parks and Recreation" encouraged improvisation among its cast members. Early test screenings were poor, and many critics and industry observers were skeptical about the show's chances of success. The first season received generally mixed reviews, and several commentators found it too similar to "The Office".


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Context: how was its review?

Context: Early test screenings were poor, and many critics and industry observers were skeptical about the show's chances of success. The first season received generally mixed reviews.

Question: which channel broadcasted it?

Answer: NBC.

Explanation: Daniels and Schur conceived the show when NBC officials asked Daniels to produce a spin-off of his comedy series "The Office", on which Schur was a writer.


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Context: how was its review?

Context: which channel broadcasted it?

Context: NBC.

Question: what is its full form?

Answer: National Broadcasting Company.

NBC [SEP] Introduction

The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network owned by NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, with additional major offices near Los Angeles (at 10 Universal City Plaza), Chicago (at the NBC Tower), and Philadelphia (at the Comcast Technology Center). NBC is one of the Big Three television networks, and is sometimes referred to as the "Peacock Network", in reference to its stylized peacock logo, introduced in 1956 to promote the company's innovations in early color broadcasting; it became the network's official emblem in 1979.


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Context: how was its review?

Context: which channel broadcasted it?

Context: NBC.

Context: what is its full form?

Context: National Broadcasting Company.

Question: which were its early stations?

Answer: WEAF and WJZ.

NBC [SEP] Earliest stations: WEAF and WJZ

During a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America (RCA) acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T). Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had a competing outlet in Newark pioneer station WJZ (no relation to the radio and television station in Baltimore currently using those call letters), which also served as the flagship for a loosely structured network. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, and moved to New York City. WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&T's manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas.


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Context: how was its review?

Context: which channel broadcasted it?

Context: NBC.

Context: what is its full form?

Context: National Broadcasting Company.

Context: which were its early stations?

Context: WEAF and WJZ.

Question: does it comprise of any children's program?

Answer: Yes, it does.

NBC [SEP] Children's programming

Children's programming has played a part in NBC's programming since its initial roots in television. NBC's first major children's series, "Howdy Doody", debuted in 1947 and was one of the era's first breakthrough television shows. From the mid-1960s until 1992, the bulk of NBC's children's programming was composed of mainly animated programming including classic "Looney Tunes" and "Woody Woodpecker" shorts; reruns of primetime animated sitcoms such as "The Flintstones" and "The Jetsons"; foreign acquisitions like "Astro Boy" and "Kimba the White Lion"; animated adaptions of "Punky Brewster", "ALF" and "Star Trek" as well as animated vehicles for Gary Coleman and Mr.


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Context: how was its review?

Context: which channel broadcasted it?

Context: NBC.

Context: what is its full form?

Context: National Broadcasting Company.

Context: which were its early stations?

Context: WEAF and WJZ.

Context: does it comprise of any children's program?

Context: Yes, it does.

Question: can you name one?

Answer: Howdy Doody.

NBC [SEP] Children's programming


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Context: how was its review?

Context: which channel broadcasted it?

Context: NBC.

Context: what is its full form?

Context: National Broadcasting Company.

Context: which were its early stations?

Context: WEAF and WJZ.

Context: Yes, it does.

Context: can you name one?

Context: Howdy Doody.

Question: what is it about?

Answer: Howdy Doody is an American children's television program (with circus and Western frontier themes).

Howdy Doody [SEP] Introduction

Howdy Doody is an American children's television program (with circus and Western frontier themes) that was created and produced by E. Roger Muir and telecast on the NBC network in the United States from December 27, 1947, until September 24, 1960. It was a pioneer in children's television programming and set the pattern for many similar shows. One of the first television series produced at NBC in Rockefeller Center, in Studio 3A, it was also a pioneer in early color production as NBC (at the time owned by TV maker RCA) used the show in part to sell color television sets in the 1950s.


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Context: how was its review?

Context: which channel broadcasted it?

Context: NBC.

Context: what is its full form?

Context: National Broadcasting Company.

Context: which were its early stations?

Context: WEAF and WJZ.

Context: Yes, it does.

Context: can you name one?

Context: Howdy Doody.

Context: what is it about?

Context: Howdy Doody is an American children's television program (with circus and Western frontier themes).

Question: who's show it is?

Answer: E. Roger Muir.

Howdy Doody [SEP] Introduction


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Context: how was its review?

Context: which channel broadcasted it?

Context: NBC.

Context: what is its full form?

Context: National Broadcasting Company.

Context: which were its early stations?

Context: WEAF and WJZ.

Context: Yes, it does.

Context: can you name one?

Context: Howdy Doody.

Context: what is it about?

Context: who's show it is?

Context: E. Roger Muir.

Question: does it comprise of any other versions?

Answer: Yes, it does.

Howdy Doody [SEP] "The New Howdy Doody Show"

Shortly thereafter, Nicholson-Muir Productions (owned by Nick Nicholson and E. Roger Muir) acquired from NBC the rights to produce the New Howdy Doody Show, an attempt by Buffalo Bob and most of the old cast to recreate their past fame. For this incarnation, which aired in first-run syndication, the Howdy Doody marionette had actual hair in a contemporary 1970s style and was operated by puppeteer Pady Blackwood. Cast members included: Crew members;


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Context: how was its review?

Context: which channel broadcasted it?

Context: NBC.

Context: what is its full form?

Context: National Broadcasting Company.

Context: which were its early stations?

Context: WEAF and WJZ.

Context: Yes, it does.

Context: can you name one?

Context: Howdy Doody.

Context: what is it about?

Context: who's show it is?

Context: E. Roger Muir.

Context: does it comprise of any other versions?

Context: Yes, it does.

Question: which version?

Answer: The New Howdy Doody Show.

Explanation: Shortly thereafter, Nicholson-Muir Productions (owned by Nick Nicholson and E. Roger Muir) acquired from NBC the rights to produce the New Howdy Doody Show, an attempt by Buffalo Bob and most of the old cast to recreate their past fame


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Context: how was its review?

Context: which channel broadcasted it?

Context: NBC.

Context: what is its full form?

Context: National Broadcasting Company.

Context: which were its early stations?

Context: WEAF and WJZ.

Context: Yes, it does.

Context: can you name one?

Context: Howdy Doody.

Context: what is it about?

Context: who's show it is?

Context: E. Roger Muir.

Context: does it comprise of any other versions?

Context: Yes, it does.

Context: which version?

Context: The New Howdy Doody Show.

Question: how is it different?

Answer: The Howdy Doody marionette had actual hair in a contemporary 1970s style and was operated by puppeteer Pady Blackwood.

Explanation: For this incarnation, which aired in first-run syndication, the Howdy Doody marionette had actual hair in a contemporary 1970s style and was operated by puppeteer Pady Blackwood.


Context: Comedy.

Context: which are the main characters?

Context: who is the script writer?

Context: Greg Daniels and Michael Schur.

Context: how was its review?

Context: which channel broadcasted it?

Context: NBC.

Context: what is its full form?

Context: National Broadcasting Company.

Context: which were its early stations?

Context: WEAF and WJZ.

Context: Yes, it does.

Context: can you name one?

Context: Howdy Doody.

Context: what is it about?

Context: who's show it is?

Context: E. Roger Muir.

Context: does it comprise of any other versions?

Context: Yes, it does.

Context: which version?

Context: The New Howdy Doody Show.

Context: how is it different?

Context: The Howdy Doody marionette had actual hair in a contemporary 1970s style and was operated by puppeteer Pady Blackwood.

Question: the maker that you mentioned above; what else did he do in his career?

Answer: At NBC, he produced or directed shows including "Who Said That?", "The NBC Opera," "The Wide, Wide World," and "Your Hit Parade."

E. Roger Muir [SEP] Career

He was hired by NBC after the war, based on the recommendation of a fellow soldier who had worked for the network before the war. At NBC, he produced or directed shows including "Who Said That?", in which journalists and celebrities competed to identify the source of quotations in the news. Other programs included "The NBC Opera," "The Wide, Wide World," and "Your Hit Parade." Muir produced "The Howdy Doody Show," during its run on NBC from 1947 to 1960. In 1948, Muir conceived of a promotion in which Howdy Doody would run for President of the boys and girls in the November election, running on a campaign platform advocating two Christmases and one school day a year, more pictures in history books and free lollipops, among other pledges.


Question: when did the ancient egyptian civilization start and end

Answer: It  coalesced around 3100BC

Explanation:
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River, situated in the place that is now the country Egypt. Ancient Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3100BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes (often identified with Narmer). The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age.

Egypt reached the pinnacle of its power in the New Kingdom, ruling much of Nubia and a sizable portion of the Near East, after which it entered a period of slow decline. During the course of its history Egypt was invaded or conquered by a number of foreign powers, including the Hyksos, the Libyans, the Nubians, the Assyria

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did the ancient egyptian civilization start and end

Context: It  coalesced around 3100BC

Question: who ruled ancient egypt?

Answer: Menpehtyre Ramesses I, Merneptah, Seti I and Ramesses II are some of them

Explanation:
The New Kingdom pharaohs established a period of unprecedented prosperity by securing their borders and strengthening diplomatic ties with their neighbours, including the Mitanni Empire, Assyria, and Canaan. Military campaigns waged under Tuthmosis I and his grandson Tuthmosis III extended the influence of the pharaohs to the largest empire Egypt had ever seen. Beginning with Merneptah the rulers of Egypt adopted the title of pharaoh.

Between their reigns, Hatshepsut, a queen who established herself as pharaoh, launched many building projects, including restoration of temples damaged by the Hyksos, and sent trading expeditions to Punt and the Sinai. When Tuthmosis III died in 1425BC, Egypt had an empire extending from Niya in north west Syria to the Fourth Cataract of the Nile in Nubia, cementing loyalties and opening access to critical imports such as bronze and wood.

The New Kingdom pharaohs began a large-scale building campaign to promote the god Amun, whose growing cult was based

Ancient Egypt [SEP] New Kingdom (1549–1069 BC)


Context: It  coalesced around 3100BC

Context: who ruled ancient egypt?

Context: Menpehtyre Ramesses I, Merneptah, Seti I and Ramesses II are some of them

Question: what was the title given to them?

Answer: Pharaoh

Merneptah [SEP] Introduction

Merneptah or Merenptah (reigned July or August 1213 BC – May 2, 1203 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. He ruled Egypt for almost ten years, from late July or early August 1213 BC until his death on May 2, 1203 BC, according to contemporary historical records. He was the thirteenth son of Ramesses II, only coming to power because all his older brothers had died, including his full brother Khaemwaset or Khaemwase. By the time he ascended to the throne, he was probably around seventy years old. His throne name was "Ba-en-re Mery-netjeru", which means "The Soul of Ra, Beloved of the Gods".


Context: It  coalesced around 3100BC

Context: who ruled ancient egypt?

Context: what was the title given to them?

Context: Pharaoh

Question: what relation does this place have to ptolemy?

Answer: The Ptolemaic Kingdom was an ancient Hellenistic state based in Egypt. It was founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter

Ptolemaic Kingdom [SEP] Introduction

The Ptolemaic Kingdom (; ) was an ancient Hellenistic state based in Egypt. It was founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great, and lasted until the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC. Ruling for nearly three centuries, the Ptolemies were the longest and final dynasty in ancient Egyptian history. Alexander the Great conquered Persian-controlled Egypt in 332 BC during his campaigns against the Achaemenid Empire. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, his empire quickly unraveled amid competing claims by the "diadochi", his closest friends and companions. Ptolemy, a Macedonian Greek who was one of Alexander's most trusted generals and confidants, won control of Egypt from his rivals and declared himself pharaoh.


Context: It  coalesced around 3100BC

Context: who ruled ancient egypt?

Context: what was the title given to them?

Context: Pharaoh

Context: what relation does this place have to ptolemy?

Context: The Ptolemaic Kingdom was an ancient Hellenistic state based in Egypt. It was founded in 305 BC by Ptolemy I Soter

Question: what kind of social system did they have?

Answer: Egyptian society was highly stratified, and social status was expressly displayed. Artists and craftsmen were of higher status than farmers. Scribes and officials formed the upper class. The ancient Egyptians viewed men and women equal under the law.

Explanation: Egyptian society was highly stratified, and social status was expressly displayed. Farmers made up the bulk of the population, but agricultural produce was owned directly by the state, temple, or noble family that owned the land. Farmers were also subject to a labor tax and were required to work on irrigation or construction projects in a corvée system. Artists and craftsmen were of higher status than farmers, but they were also under state control, working in the shops attached to the temples and paid directly from the state treasury. Scribes and officials formed the upper class in ancient Egypt, known as the "white kilt class" in reference to the bleached linen garments that served as a mark of their rank. The upper class prominently displayed their social status in art and literature. Below the nobility were the priests, physicians, and engineers with specialized training in their field. It is unclear whether slavery as understood today existed in ancient Egypt, there is difference

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Social status


Context: It  coalesced around 3100BC

Context: who ruled ancient egypt?

Context: what was the title given to them?

Context: Pharaoh

Context: what kind of social system did they have?

Context: Egyptian society was highly stratified, and social status was expressly displayed. Artists and craftsmen were of higher status than farmers. Scribes and officials formed the upper class. The ancient Egyptians viewed men and women equal under the law.

Question: what were their laws?

Answer: Punishment for minor crimes involved either imposition of fines, beatings, facial mutilation, or exile. Murder and tomb robbery were punished by execution, carried out by decapitation, drowning, or impaling the criminal on a stake

Explanation: Punishment for minor crimes involved either imposition of fines, beatings, facial mutilation, or exile, depending on the severity of the offense. Serious crimes such as murder and tomb robbery were punished by execution, carried out by decapitation, drowning, or impaling the criminal on a stake. Punishment could also be extended to the criminal's family. Beginning in the New Kingdom, oracles played a major role in the legal system, dispensing justice in both civil and criminal cases. The procedure was to ask the god a "yes" or "no" question concerning the right or wrong of an issue. The god, carried by a number of priests, rendered judgement by choosing one or the other, moving forward or backward, or pointing to one of the answers written on a piece of papyrus or an ostracon.

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Legal system

The head of the legal system was officially the pharaoh, who was responsible for enacting laws, delivering justice, and maintaining law and order, a concept the ancient Egyptians referred to as Ma'at. Although no legal codes from ancient Egypt survive, court documents show that Egyptian law was based on a common-sense view of right and wrong that emphasized reaching agreements and resolving conflicts rather than strictly adhering to a complicated set of statutes. Local councils of elders, known as "Kenbet" in the New Kingdom, were responsible for ruling in court cases involving small claims and minor disputes. More serious cases involving murder, major land transactions, and tomb robbery were referred to the "Great Kenbet", over which the vizier or pharaoh presided.


Context: It  coalesced around 3100BC

Context: who ruled ancient egypt?

Context: what was the title given to them?

Context: Pharaoh

Context: what were their laws?

Context: Punishment for minor crimes involved either imposition of fines, beatings, facial mutilation, or exile. Murder and tomb robbery were punished by execution, carried out by decapitation, drowning, or impaling the criminal on a stake

Question: what kind of crops did they grow?

Answer: Emmer, barley, Flax plants, leeks, garlic etc

Explanation: The ancient Egyptians cultivated emmer and barley, and several other cereal grains, all of which were used to make the two main food staples of bread and beer. Flax plants, uprooted before they started flowering, were grown for the fibers of their stems. These fibers were split along their length and spun into thread, which was used to weave sheets of linen and to make clothing. Papyrus growing on the banks of the Nile River was used to make paper. Vegetables and fruits were grown in garden plots, close to habitations and on higher ground, and had to be watered by hand. Vegetables included leeks, garlic, melons, squashes, pulses, lettuce, and other crops, in addition to grapes that were made into wine.

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Agriculture

A combination of favorable geographical features contributed to the success of ancient Egyptian culture, the most important of which was the rich fertile soil resulting from annual inundations of the Nile River. The ancient Egyptians were thus able to produce an abundance of food, allowing the population to devote more time and resources to cultural, technological, and artistic pursuits. Land management was crucial in ancient Egypt because taxes were assessed based on the amount of land a person owned. Farming in Egypt was dependent on the cycle of the Nile River. The Egyptians recognized three seasons: "Akhet" (flooding), "Peret" (planting), and "Shemu" (harvesting).


Context: It  coalesced around 3100BC

Context: who ruled ancient egypt?

Context: what was the title given to them?

Context: Pharaoh

Context: what were their laws?

Context: what kind of crops did they grow?

Context: Emmer, barley, Flax plants, leeks, garlic etc

Question: name a few of their natural resources

Answer: Copper, lead ores, gold, semiprecious stones.

Explanation: Egypt is rich in building and decorative stone, copper and lead ores, gold, and semiprecious stones. These natural resources allowed the ancient Egyptians to build monuments, sculpt statues, make tools, and fashion jewelry. Embalmers used salts from the Wadi Natrun for mummification, which also provided the gypsum needed to make plaster. Ore-bearing rock formations were found in distant, inhospitable wadis in the Eastern Desert and the Sinai, requiring large, state-controlled expeditions to obtain natural resources found there. There were extensive gold mines in Nubia, and one of the first maps known is of a gold mine in this region. The Wadi Hammamat was a notable source of granite, greywacke, and gold. Flint was the first mineral collected and used to make tools, and flint handaxes are the earliest pieces of evidence of habitation in the Nile valley. Nodules of the mineral were carefully flaked to make blades and arrowheads of moderate hardness and durability even after copper was ad

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Natural resources


Context: It  coalesced around 3100BC

Context: who ruled ancient egypt?

Context: what was the title given to them?

Context: Pharaoh

Context: what were their laws?

Context: what kind of crops did they grow?

Context: name a few of their natural resources

Context: Copper, lead ores, gold, semiprecious stones.

Question: how was their society administered?

Answer: By the Pharaoh, the king, vizier, nomarchs

Explanation: The pharaoh was the absolute monarch of the country and, at least in theory, wielded complete control of the land and its resources. The king was the supreme military commander and head of the government, who relied on a bureaucracy of officials to manage his affairs. In charge of the administration was his second in command, the vizier, who acted as the king's representative and coordinated land surveys, the treasury, building projects, the legal system, and the archives. At a regional level, the country was divided into as many as 42 administrative regions called nomes each governed by a nomarch, who was accountable to the vizier for his jurisdiction. The temples formed the backbone of the economy. Not only were they houses of worship, but were also responsible for collecting and storing the kingdom's wealth in a system of granaries and treasuries administered by overseers, who redistributed grain and goods.

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Administration and commerce


Context: It  coalesced around 3100BC

Context: who ruled ancient egypt?

Context: what was the title given to them?

Context: Pharaoh

Context: what were their laws?

Context: what kind of crops did they grow?

Context: name a few of their natural resources

Context: how was their society administered?

Context: By the Pharaoh, the king, vizier, nomarchs

Question: did they practice trade?

Answer: Yes - they established trade with Nubia to obtain gold and incense. They also established trade with Palestine, as evidenced by Palestinian-style oil jugs found in the burials of the First Dynasty pharaohs.

Explanation: The ancient Egyptians engaged in trade with their foreign neighbors to obtain rare, exotic goods not found in Egypt. In the Predynastic Period, they established trade with Nubia to obtain gold and incense. They also established trade with Palestine, as evidenced by Palestinian-style oil jugs found in the burials of the First Dynasty pharaohs. An Egyptian colony stationed in southern Canaan dates to slightly before the First Dynasty. Narmer had Egyptian pottery produced in Canaan and exported back to Egypt.

Ancient Egypt [SEP] Trade

By the Fifth Dynasty, trade with Punt provided gold, aromatic resins, ebony, ivory, and wild animals such as monkeys and baboons. Egypt relied on trade with Anatolia for essential quantities of tin as well as supplementary supplies of copper, both metals being necessary for the manufacture of bronze. The ancient Egyptians prized the blue stone lapis lazuli, which had to be imported from far-away Afghanistan. Egypt's Mediterranean trade partners also included Greece and Crete, which provided, among other goods, supplies of olive oil. In exchange for its luxury imports and raw materials, Egypt mainly exported grain, gold, linen, and papyrus, in addition to other finished goods including glass and stone objects.