Context: what animals fall under this category?

Context: wolf

Context: who introduced this system?

Context: Robert T. Paine

Context: where is this environment applicable?

Context: Earth or some parts of Earth

Context: what is this place?

Context: how was it formed?

Context: what is its interior format?

Context: It is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties.

Question: as we were discussing above, can you explain what would be the impact if the wolf was eradicated?

Answer: Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species, affecting the area's plant populations.

Keystone species [SEP] The wolf, Yellowstone's apex predator

Keystone predators may increase the biodiversity of communities by preventing a single species from becoming dominant. They can have a profound influence on the balance of organisms in a particular ecosystem. Introduction or removal of this predator, or changes in its population density, can have drastic cascading effects on the equilibrium of many other populations in the ecosystem. For example, grazers of a grassland may prevent a single dominant species from taking over. The elimination of the gray wolf from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem had profound impacts on the trophic pyramid. Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species, affecting the area's plant populations.


Question: maharaja is the mascot of which indian organisation

Answer: Air India's mascot is "the Maharajah"

Air India [SEP] Mascot

Air India's mascot is "the Maharajah" ("high king"). It was created by Bobby Kooka, the then-commercial director of Air India, and Umesh Rao, an artist with J. Walter Thompson Limited in 1946. Kooka stated that, "We call him a Maharajah for want of a better description. But his blood isn't blue. He may look like royalty, but he isn't royal". Air India adopted the Maharajah as its mascot in 1946. It was used in promoting it although initially designed only for the airline's memo-pads. The Maharajah was given a makeover in 2015 and the brand is represented by a younger version.


Context: maharaja is the mascot of which indian organisation

Context: Air India's mascot is "the Maharajah"

Question: when was it formed?

Answer: 1932

Explanation: The airline was founded by J. R. D. Tata as Tata Airlines in 1932; Tata himself flew its first single-engine de Havilland Puss Moth, carrying air mail from Karachi's Drigh Road Aerodrome to Bombay's Juhu aerodrome and later continuing to Madras (currently Chennai).

Air India [SEP] Introduction

R. D. Tata as Tata Airlines in 1932; Tata himself flew its first single-engine de Havilland Puss Moth, carrying air mail from Karachi's Drigh Road Aerodrome to Bombay's Juhu aerodrome and later continuing to Madras (currently Chennai). After World War II, it became a public limited company and was renamed as "Air India". On 21 February 1960, it took delivery of its first Boeing 707 named "Gauri Shankar" and became the first Asian airline to induct a jet aircraft in its fleet. In 2000–01, attempts were made to privatise Air India and from 2006 onwards, it suffered losses after its merger with Indian Airlines.


Context: Air India's mascot is "the Maharajah"

Context: when was it formed?

Question: by whom?

Answer: J. R. D. Tata

Explanation: The airline was founded by J. R. D. Tata as Tata Airlines in 1932

Air India [SEP] Introduction


Context: Air India's mascot is "the Maharajah"

Context: when was it formed?

Context: by whom?

Context: J. R. D. Tata

Question: what's his full name?

Answer: Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata

J. R. D. Tata [SEP] Introduction

Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata (29 July 1904 – 29 November 1993) was an Indian aviator, entrepreneur and chairman of Tata Group. Born into the Tata family of India, he was the son of noted businessman Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata and his wife Suzanne Brière. His mother was the first woman in India to drive a car and, in 1929, he became the first licensed pilot in India. He is also best known for being the founder of several industries under the Tata Group, including Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Motors, Titan Industries, Tata Salt, Voltas and Air India. In 1983, he was awarded the French Legion of Honour and in 1955 and 1992, he received two of India's highest civilian awards the Padma Vibhushan and the Bharat Ratna.


Context: Air India's mascot is "the Maharajah"

Context: when was it formed?

Context: by whom?

Context: J. R. D. Tata

Context: what's his full name?

Context: Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata

Question: what was the airline previously called?

Answer: Tata Airlines

Explanation: The airline was founded by J. R. D. Tata as Tata Airlines in 1932;

Air India [SEP] Introduction


Context: Air India's mascot is "the Maharajah"

Context: when was it formed?

Context: by whom?

Context: J. R. D. Tata

Context: what's his full name?

Context: Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata

Context: what was the airline previously called?

Context: Tata Airlines

Question: when was it nationalised?

Answer: 1953

Air India [SEP] Nationalisation

In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and purchased a majority stake in the carrier from Tata Sons though its founder J. R. D. Tata would continue as Chairman till 1977. The company was renamed as Air India International Limited and the domestic services were transferred to Indian Airlines as a part of a restructuring. From 1948 to 1950, the airline introduced services to Nairobi in Kenya and to major European destinations Rome, Paris and Düsseldorf. The airline took delivery of its first Lockheed Constellation L-1049 and inaugurated services to Bangkok, Hong Kong, Tokyo and Singapore.


Context: Air India's mascot is "the Maharajah"

Context: when was it formed?

Context: by whom?

Context: J. R. D. Tata

Context: what's his full name?

Context: Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata

Context: what was the airline previously called?

Context: Tata Airlines

Context: when was it nationalised?

Question: was it part of any merger?

Answer: Air India and Indian Airlines were merged under Air India Limited

Air India [SEP] Indian Airlines merger

In 2007, Air India and Indian Airlines were merged under Air India Limited and the airline took delivery of its first Boeing 777 aircraft. The airline was invited to be a part of the Star Alliance in 2007. The combined losses for Air India and Indian Airlines in 2006–07 were and after the merger, it went up to by March 2009. In July 2009, State Bank of India was appointed to prepare a road map for the recovery of the airline. The carrier sold three Airbus A300 and one Boeing 747-300M in March 2009 for $18.75 million to finance the debt.


Context: Air India's mascot is "the Maharajah"

Context: when was it formed?

Context: by whom?

Context: J. R. D. Tata

Context: what's his full name?

Context: Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata

Context: what was the airline previously called?

Context: Tata Airlines

Context: when was it nationalised?

Context: was it part of any merger?

Question: when did it take place?

Answer: 2007

Explanation: In 2007, Air India and Indian Airlines were merged under Air India Limited and the airline took delivery of its first Boeing 777 aircraft.

Air India [SEP] Indian Airlines merger


Context: Air India's mascot is "the Maharajah"

Context: when was it formed?

Context: by whom?

Context: J. R. D. Tata

Context: what's his full name?

Context: Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata

Context: what was the airline previously called?

Context: Tata Airlines

Context: when was it nationalised?

Context: was it part of any merger?

Context: when did it take place?

Question: what was the reason?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Air India [SEP] Indian Airlines merger


Context: Air India's mascot is "the Maharajah"

Context: when was it formed?

Context: by whom?

Context: J. R. D. Tata

Context: what's his full name?

Context: Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata

Context: what was the airline previously called?

Context: Tata Airlines

Context: when was it nationalised?

Context: was it part of any merger?

Context: when did it take place?

Context: what was the reason?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was it privatised?

Answer: 28 June 2017

Air India [SEP] Privatisation

On 28 June 2017, the Government of India approved the privatisation of Air India. A committee has been set up to start the process. In March 2018, the Government issued an Expression of Interest (EOI) to sell 76% stake of Air India, along with low-cost airline Air India Express, and a 50% stake of AISATS, a ground handling joint venture with Singapore Airport Terminal Services (SATS). According to the EOI, the new owner would have to take on a debt of and a bid would have to he submitted by mid-May as the Government wanted to complete the selling process by the end of 2018, but no private firms showed any interest in buying the debt-laden airline.


Question: which stage musical was groundbreaking when they used ballet to further the plot of the story

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Show Boat [SEP] Introduction

Show Boat is a musical in two acts, with music by Jerome Kern and book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, based on Edna Ferber's best-selling 1926 novel of the same name. The musical follows the lives of the performers, stagehands and dock workers on the "Cotton Blossom", a Mississippi River show boat, over 40 years from 1887 to 1927. Its themes include racial prejudice and tragic, enduring love. The musical contributed such classic songs as "Ol' Man River", "Make Believe", and "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man". The musical was first produced in 1927 by Florenz Ziegfeld. The premiere of "Show Boat" on Broadway was an important event in the history of American musical theatre.


Context: which stage musical was groundbreaking when they used ballet to further the plot of the story

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: by whom was this musical directed?

Answer: Francesca Zambello.

Explanation: included the joint Opera North/Royal Shakespeare Company production of 1989, which ran at the London Palladium in 1990, and the 2006 production directed by Francesca Zambello, presented by Raymond Gubbay at London's Royal Albert Hall. It w

Show Boat [SEP] London productions

It was the first fully staged musical production in the history of that venue. A production was transferred from Sheffield's Crucible Theatre to London's New London Theatre with previews beginning on April 9, 2016, and an official opening on April 25, 2016. It was directed by Daniel Evans using the Goodspeed Musicals version of the show. The cast included Gina Beck as Magnolia, Lucy Briers as Parthy Ann and Malcolm Sinclair as Cap'n Andy. Despite very favorable reviews, the show closed at the end of August 2016.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Question: what is the play about?

Answer: Its a story about a show boat called the "Cotton Blossom".

Explanation: the show boat "Cotton Blossom" arrives at the river dock in Natchez, Mississippi. The Reconstruction era had ended a decade earlier, and white-dominated Southern legislatures have imposed racial segregation and Jim Crow rules. The boat's owner, Cap'n Andy Hawks, introduces his actors to the crowd on the levee. A fistfight breaks out between Steve Baker, the leading man of the troupe, and Pete, a rough engineer who had been making passes at Steve's wife, the leading lady Julie La Verne. Steve knocks Pete down, and Pete swears revenge, suggesting he knows a dark secret about Julie. Cap'n Andy pretends to the shocked crowd that the fight was a preview of one of the melodramas to be performed. The troupe exits with the showboat band, and the crowd follows.

Show Boat [SEP] Synopsis

Note: Although the basic plot of "Show Boat" has always remained the same, over the years revisions and alterations were made by the creators, and over time by subsequent producers and directors. Some of these revisions were for length and some for convenience, as when a different actor played a certain role and was unable to perform a specialty piece written for the role's creator. Some have been made to reflect contemporary sensitivities toward race, gender and other social issues. In 1887, the show boat "Cotton Blossom" arrives at the river dock in Natchez, Mississippi. The Reconstruction era had ended a decade earlier, and white-dominated Southern legislatures have imposed racial segregation and Jim Crow rules.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: Its a story about a show boat called the "Cotton Blossom".

Question: has it ever been adapted for any other media?

Answer: Yes, for film and television.

Explanation: "Show Boat" has been adapted for film three times, and for television once.

Show Boat [SEP] Film and television


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: has it ever been adapted for any other media?

Context: Yes, for film and television.

Question: where was this play staged?

Answer: On Broadway.

Explanation: The premiere of "Show Boat" on Broadway was an important event in the history of American musical theatre. It "was a radical departure in musical storytelling, marrying spect

Show Boat [SEP] Introduction

It "was a radical departure in musical storytelling, marrying spectacle with seriousness", compared with the trivial and unrealistic operettas, light musical comedies and "Follies"-type musical revues that defined Broadway in the 1890s and early 20th century. According to "The Complete Book of Light Opera": Here we come to a completely new genre – the musical play as distinguished from musical comedy. Now … the play was the thing, and everything else was subservient to that play. Now … came complete integration of song, humor and production numbers into a single and inextricable artistic entity.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: Yes, for film and television.

Context: where was this play staged?

Context: On Broadway.

Question: where was the director born?

Answer: New York City.

Francesca Zambello [SEP] Early life and education

Born in New York City, Zambello lived in Europe when she was a child, learning to speak French, Italian, German and Russian. Zambello is of Italian descent, the daughter of actress Jean (née Sincere) and Charles C. Zambello, a former actor who became head of flight entertainment at TWA. She attended Moscow University in 1976 and graduated from Colgate University in 1978.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: Yes, for film and television.

Context: where was this play staged?

Context: On Broadway.

Context: where was the director born?

Context: New York City.

Question: what other projects was he a part of?

Answer: She serves as director of Glimmerglass Festival and the Washington National Opera.

Francesca Zambello [SEP] Introduction

Francesca Zambello (born August 24, 1956) is an American opera and theatre director. She serves as director of Glimmerglass Festival and the Washington National Opera.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: Yes, for film and television.

Context: where was this play staged?

Context: On Broadway.

Context: where was the director born?

Context: New York City.

Context: what other projects was he a part of?

Context: She serves as director of Glimmerglass Festival and the Washington National Opera.

Question: what is the purpose of this festival?

Answer: It presents an annual season of operas and is well known for producing new, lesser-known, and rare works.

Explanation:
The Glimmerglass Festival (formerly known as Glimmerglass Opera) is an opera company which was founded in 1975 by Peter Macris and presents an annual season of operas at the Alice Busch Opera Theater on Otsego Lake eight miles (13 km) north of Cooperstown, New York, United States.

The summer-only season usually consists of four productions performed in rotating repertory. Glimmerglass is well known for producing new, lesser-known, and rare works, many of which in years past have been co-produced with the New York City Opera. It is the second-largest summer opera festival in the United States, led by Artistic and General Director Francesca Zambello.

Glimmerglass Festival [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: Yes, for film and television.

Context: where was this play staged?

Context: On Broadway.

Context: where was the director born?

Context: New York City.

Context: what other projects was he a part of?

Context: what is the purpose of this festival?

Context: It presents an annual season of operas and is well known for producing new, lesser-known, and rare works.

Question: where is it located?

Answer: At the Alice Busch Opera Theater on Otsego Lake, north of Cooperstown, New York, United States.

Explanation: The Glimmerglass Festival (formerly known as Glimmerglass Opera) is an opera company which was founded in 1975 by Peter Macris and presents an annual season of operas at the Alice Busch Opera Theater on Otsego Lake eight miles (13 km) north of Cooperstown, New York, United States.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: Yes, for film and television.

Context: where was this play staged?

Context: On Broadway.

Context: where was the director born?

Context: New York City.

Context: what other projects was he a part of?

Context: what is the purpose of this festival?

Context: where is it located?

Context: At the Alice Busch Opera Theater on Otsego Lake, north of Cooperstown, New York, United States.

Question: does the town have a sister city?

Answer: Yes, Windsor, Nova Scotia.

Cooperstown, New York [SEP] Sister city

The sister city of Cooperstown is Windsor, Nova Scotia. This is due to Windsor's claiming to be the birthplace of Ice Hockey and Cooperstown at one time being considered to be the birthplace of Baseball.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: Yes, for film and television.

Context: where was this play staged?

Context: On Broadway.

Context: where was the director born?

Context: New York City.

Context: what other projects was he a part of?

Context: what is the purpose of this festival?

Context: where is it located?

Context: does the town have a sister city?

Context: Yes, Windsor, Nova Scotia.

Question: which famous family is this place related to?

Answer: The Clark family.

Cooperstown, New York [SEP] The Clark family

The Clark family, whose fortune originated with a half-ownership of the patent for Singer Sewing Machine, have lived in Cooperstown since the mid-19th century. The family's holdings include interests assembled over a century and a half, which are now held through trusts and foundations. Their dominance is reflected in Clark ownership of more than of largely undeveloped land in and around greater Cooperstown. In the village, the Otesaga, the Cooper Inn, Clark Estates, and the Clara Welch Thanksgiving Home are all Clark properties. In addition, the Clarks were founding partners of, and retain an interest in, the Baseball Hall of Fame and the Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: Yes, for film and television.

Context: where was this play staged?

Context: On Broadway.

Context: where was the director born?

Context: New York City.

Context: what other projects was he a part of?

Context: what is the purpose of this festival?

Context: where is it located?

Context: does the town have a sister city?

Context: Yes, Windsor, Nova Scotia.

Context: which famous family is this place related to?

Context: The Clark family.

Question: what is a major geographical feature of this place?

Answer: It is the source of the Susquehanna River.

Cooperstown, New York [SEP] Geography and climate

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which is land and (2.53%) is water. The source of the Susquehanna River is in Cooperstown at the outlet of Otsego Lake. Blackbird Bay of Otsego Lake is north of the village. The junction of New York State Route 28 and New York State Route 80 was constructed at Cooperstown. The village is also served by County Routes 31 and 33.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: Yes, for film and television.

Context: where was this play staged?

Context: On Broadway.

Context: where was the director born?

Context: New York City.

Context: what other projects was he a part of?

Context: what is the purpose of this festival?

Context: where is it located?

Context: does the town have a sister city?

Context: Yes, Windsor, Nova Scotia.

Context: The Clark family.

Context: what is a major geographical feature of this place?

Context: It is the source of the Susquehanna River.

Question: how does this river get its name?

Answer: Len'api (or Delaware Indian) term "Sisa'we'hak'hanna", which means "Oyster River."

Susquehanna River [SEP] Etymology

"Susquehanna" comes from the Len'api (or Delaware Indian) term "Sisa'we'hak'hanna", which means "Oyster River." Oyster beds were widespread in the bay near the mouth of the river, which the Lenape farmed, leaving oyster shell middens. The Len'api were a Native American people at "Con'esto'ga" ("Roof-place" or "town," modern Washington Boro, Lancaster County), also called "Ka'ot'sch'ie'ra" ("Place-crawfish," modern Chickisalunga, Lancaster County), or "Gasch'guch'sa" ("Great-fall-in-river," modern Conewago Falls, Lancaster County) as either "Minquas" ("quite different"), or "Sisa'we'hak'hanna'lenno'wak" ("Oyster-river-people"). The "Len'api" also called the area "Sisa'we'hak'hanna'unk" ("Oyster-river-place"). Peoples of the mid-Atlantic Coast included coastal peoples who spoke Algonquian languages, such as the Len'api (whose bands spoke three dialects of Lenape), and Iroquoian languages-speaking peoples of the interior, such as the Eroni and the Five Nations of the Iroquois.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: Yes, for film and television.

Context: where was this play staged?

Context: On Broadway.

Context: where was the director born?

Context: New York City.

Context: what other projects was he a part of?

Context: what is the purpose of this festival?

Context: where is it located?

Context: does the town have a sister city?

Context: Yes, Windsor, Nova Scotia.

Context: The Clark family.

Context: how does this river get its name?

Context: Len'api (or Delaware Indian) term "Sisa'we'hak'hanna", which means "Oyster River."

Question: what course does it follow?

Answer: The river flows south past Selinsgrove, where it is joined by its Penns Creek tributary, and cuts through a water gap at the western end of Mahantongo Mountain.

Susquehanna River [SEP] Main Susquehanna flow

Downstream from the confluence of its branches in Northumberland, the river flows south past Selinsgrove, where it is joined by its Penns Creek tributary, and cuts through a water gap at the western end of Mahantongo Mountain. It receives the Juniata River from the northwest at Duncannon, then passes through its last water gap, the Susquehanna Gap through the Blue Mountain Ridge, just northwest of Harrisburg. Downtown Harrisburg developed on the east side of the river, which is nearly a mile wide here. Harrisburg is the largest city located on the lower river, which flows southeast across South Central Pennsylvania, forming the border between York and Lancaster counties, and receiving Swatara Creek from the northeast.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: by whom was this musical directed?

Context: Francesca Zambello.

Context: what is the play about?

Context: Yes, for film and television.

Context: where was this play staged?

Context: On Broadway.

Context: where was the director born?

Context: New York City.

Context: what other projects was he a part of?

Context: what is the purpose of this festival?

Context: where is it located?

Context: does the town have a sister city?

Context: Yes, Windsor, Nova Scotia.

Context: The Clark family.

Context: how does this river get its name?

Context: what course does it follow?

Context: The river flows south past Selinsgrove, where it is joined by its Penns Creek tributary, and cuts through a water gap at the western end of Mahantongo Mountain.

Question: what is a prominent geological feature of this waterbody?

Answer: It is one of the oldest existing rivers in the world, older than the mountain ridges through which it flows.

Susquehanna River [SEP] Geology

The Susquehanna River is one of the oldest existing rivers in the world, being dated as 320–340 Mya, older than the mountain ridges through which it flows. These ridges resulted from the Alleghenian orogeny uplift events, when Africa (as part of Gondwana) slammed into the Northern part of EurAmerica). The Susquehanna basin reaches its ultimate outflow in the Chesapeake Bay. It was well established in the flat tidelands of eastern North America during the Mesozoic era about 252 to 66 million years ago. This is the same period when the Hudson, Delaware and Potomac rivers were established.


Question: when did the simpsons air in the uk

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Simpsons [SEP] Introduction

The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical depiction of American life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society, television, and the human condition. The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks. Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after his own family members, substituting Bart for his own name; he thought Simpson was a funny name in that it had the word "simp" in it, which is short for "simpleton".


Context:
when did the simpsons air in the uk
UNANSWERABLE

Question: is this a movie or a tele series?

Answer: Both.

Explanation: Since its debut on December 17, 1989, episodes of "The Simpsons" have been broadcast. It is the longest-running American sitcom, and the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, both in terms of seasons and number of episodes. A feature-length film, "The Simpsons Movie", was released in theaters worldwide on July 27, 2007, and grossed over $527 million. On October 30, 2007, a video game was released.

The Simpsons [SEP] Introduction

The shorts became a part of "The Tracey Ullman Show" on April 19, 1987. After three seasons, the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became Fox's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season (1989–1990). Since its debut on December 17, 1989, episodes of "The Simpsons" have been broadcast. It is the longest-running American sitcom, and the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, both in terms of seasons and number of episodes. A feature-length film, "The Simpsons Movie", was released in theaters worldwide on July 27, 2007, and grossed over $527 million.


Context:
when did the simpsons air in the uk
UNANSWERABLE
is this a movie or a tele series?
Both.

Question: by whom was it created?

Answer: Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company

Explanation: The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical depiction of American life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society, television, and the human condition.

The Simpsons [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did the simpsons air in the uk

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this a movie or a tele series?

Context: Both.

Context: by whom was it created?

Context: Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company

Question: who were the voice over artists?

Answer: Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright to name a few

The Simpsons [SEP] Voice actors

"The Simpsons" has six main cast members: Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, Hank Azaria, and Harry Shearer. Castellaneta voices Homer Simpson, Grampa Simpson, Krusty the Clown, Groundskeeper Willie, Mayor Quimby, Barney Gumble, and other adult, male characters. Julie Kavner voices Marge Simpson and Patty and Selma, as well as several minor characters. Castellaneta and Kavner had been a part of "The Tracey Ullman Show" cast and were given the parts so that new actors would not be needed. Cartwright voices Bart Simpson, Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum and other children. Smith, the voice of Lisa Simpson, is the only cast member who regularly voices only one character, although she occasionally plays other episodic characters.


Context: when did the simpsons air in the uk

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this a movie or a tele series?

Context: Both.

Context: by whom was it created?

Context: who were the voice over artists?

Context: Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright to name a few

Question: who is the former?

Answer: An American actor, voice actor, comedian and screenwriter.

Dan Castellaneta [SEP] Introduction

Daniel Louis Castellaneta (; born October 29, 1957) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and screenwriter. Castellaneta is best known for voicing Homer Simpson on the animated series "The Simpsons" (as well as other characters on the show such as Abraham "Grampa" Simpson, Barney Gumble, Krusty the Clown, Sideshow Mel, Groundskeeper Willie, Mayor Quimby, and Hans Moleman). Castellaneta also had voice roles in several other programs, including "Futurama", "Sibs" and "Darkwing Duck", "The Adventures of Dynamo Duck", "The Batman", "", "Aladdin", "Taz-Mania" and "Hey Arnold!" He also occasionally guest starred on shows like "Friends" and "How I Met Your Mother".


Context: when did the simpsons air in the uk

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this a movie or a tele series?

Context: Both.

Context: by whom was it created?

Context: who were the voice over artists?

Context: who is the former?

Context: An American actor, voice actor, comedian and screenwriter.

Question: what other projects has he worked on?

Answer: Futurama, Sibs, The Batman and Aladdin among others

Explanation: Castellaneta also had voice roles in several other programs, including "Futurama", "Sibs" and "Darkwing Duck", "The Adventures of Dynamo Duck", "The Batman", "", "Aladdin", "Taz-Mania" and "Hey Arnold!" He also occasionally guest starred on shows like "Friends" and "How I Met Your Mother".

Dan Castellaneta [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did the simpsons air in the uk

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this a movie or a tele series?

Context: Both.

Context: by whom was it created?

Context: who were the voice over artists?

Context: who is the former?

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: Futurama, Sibs, The Batman and Aladdin among others

Question: where was he born?

Answer: October 29, 1957

Dan Castellaneta [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did the simpsons air in the uk

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this a movie or a tele series?

Context: Both.

Context: by whom was it created?

Context: who were the voice over artists?

Context: who is the former?

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: where was he born?

Context: October 29, 1957

Question: is he married?

Answer: Deb Lacusta

Dan Castellaneta [SEP] Personal life

Castellaneta and his wife Deb Lacusta divide their time between Los Angeles, California and Santa Barbara, California. The couple first met at an improvisational comedy class in Chicago, Illinois. Unlike his Homer character, he is a vegetarian and teetotaler and exercises regularly. He practices Tai chi.


Context: when did the simpsons air in the uk

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this a movie or a tele series?

Context: Both.

Context: by whom was it created?

Context: who were the voice over artists?

Context: who is the former?

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: where was he born?

Context: October 29, 1957

Context: is he married?

Context: Deb Lacusta

Question: who is this person?

Answer: An American television writer and actress.

Explanation: Deborah Lacusta (born March 15, 1958) is an American television writer and actress.

Deb Lacusta [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did the simpsons air in the uk

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this a movie or a tele series?

Context: Both.

Context: by whom was it created?

Context: who were the voice over artists?

Context: who is the former?

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: where was he born?

Context: October 29, 1957

Context: is he married?

Context: Deb Lacusta

Context: who is this person?

Context: An American television writer and actress.

Question: what has she written?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Deb Lacusta [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did the simpsons air in the uk

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this a movie or a tele series?

Context: Both.

Context: by whom was it created?

Context: who were the voice over artists?

Context: who is the former?

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: where was he born?

Context: October 29, 1957

Context: is he married?

Context: Deb Lacusta

Context: who is this person?

Context: what has she written?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where is she from?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Deb Lacusta [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did the simpsons air in the uk

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is this a movie or a tele series?

Context: Both.

Context: by whom was it created?

Context: who were the voice over artists?

Context: who is the former?

Context: what other projects has he worked on?

Context: where was he born?

Context: October 29, 1957

Context: is he married?

Context: Deb Lacusta

Context: who is this person?

Context: what has she written?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is she from?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what projects has she worked in?

Answer: Gump Roast, The Ziff who came to Dinner, Kiss Kiss Bang Bangalore to name a few

Explanation: Lacusta and Castellaneta performed together regularly and had a sketch show on Chicago local radio, while in 1992 they starred in the show "Deb & Dan's Show" at Club Lux at Santa Monica Airport. Some of their comedy pieces were released on the 2002 CD "I Am Not Homer". In 2003 she produced a multimedia exhibition about actor Marlon Brando which included the films "Being Brando" and "Starring Marlon Brando", which featured Castellaneta and Hank Azaria as Brando. "Art in America" said they "merge fantasy and reality in humorous, unexpected ways."

Deb Lacusta [SEP] Career

They pitched their idea to show runner Al Jean. Jean liked the story, but turned it down because he felt that it was too similar to "Duffless", an episode that the writers were already working on. They waited several years and offered their script, which they updated, to then-show runner Mike Scully, who liked it and had them make a few changes. Their script became the eleventh season episode "Days of Wine and D'oh'ses", which first aired April 9, 2000. The two also wrote the episodes "Gump Roast", "The Ziff Who Came to Dinner", "Kiss Kiss, Bang Bangalore", and "The Fight Before Christmas".


Question: five agencies of the un and their functions

Answer: The General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the International Court of Justice and the UN Secretariat.

United Nations [SEP] Structure

The UN system is based on five principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the International Court of Justice and the UN Secretariat. A sixth principal organ, the Trusteeship Council, suspended operations on 1 November 1994, upon the independence of Palau, the last remaining UN trustee territory. Four of the five principal organs are located at the main UN Headquarters in New York City. The International Court of Justice is located in The Hague, while other major agencies are based in the UN offices at Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi. Other UN institutions are located throughout the world.


Context: five agencies of the un and their functions

Context: The General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the International Court of Justice and the UN Secretariat.

Question: when was it founded ?

Answer: 25 June 1945

United Nations [SEP] Introduction

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world. The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City, with its other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague. The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations.


Context: when was it founded ?

Context: 25 June 1945

Question: any awards won by it ?

Answer: A number of agencies and individuals associated with the UN have won the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of their work.

United Nations [SEP] Awards

A number of agencies and individuals associated with the UN have won the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of their work. Two Secretaries-General, Dag Hammarskjöld, and Kofi Annan, were each awarded the prize (in 1961 and 2001, respectively), as were Ralph Bunche (1950), a UN negotiator, René Cassin (1968), a contributor to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the US Secretary of State Cordell Hull (1945), the latter for his role in the organization's founding. Lester B. Pearson, the Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs, was awarded the prize in 1957 for his role in organizing the UN's first peacekeeping force to resolve the Suez Crisis.


Context: when was it founded ?

Context: 25 June 1945

Context: any awards won by it ?

Context: A number of agencies and individuals associated with the UN have won the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of their work.

Question: where is it headquartered ?

Answer: New York City

Explanation: The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City, with its other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague.

United Nations [SEP] Introduction

UN membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization beginning in the 1960s. Since then, 80 former colonies have gained independence, including 11 trust territories that had been monitored by the Trusteeship Council. By the 1970s, the UN's budget for economic and social development programmes far outstripped its spending on peacekeeping. After the end of the Cold War, the UN shifted and expanded its field operations, undertaking a wide variety of complex tasks.


Context: when was it founded ?

Context: 25 June 1945

Context: any awards won by it ?

Context: where is it headquartered ?

Context: New York City

Question: name some its member ?

Answer: South Sudan, New Zealand, etc.

United Nations [SEP] Membership

With the addition of South Sudan 14 July 2011, there are UN member states, including all undisputed independent states apart from Vatican City. The UN Charter outlines the rules for membership: In addition, there are two non-member observer states of the United Nations General Assembly: the Holy See (which holds sovereignty over Vatican City) and the State of Palestine. The Cook Islands and Niue, both states in free association with New Zealand, are full members of several UN specialized agencies and have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognized by the Secretariat.


Context: when was it founded ?

Context: 25 June 1945

Context: any awards won by it ?

Context: where is it headquartered ?

Context: New York City

Context: name some its member ?

Context: South Sudan, New Zealand, etc.

Question: do they have any biasness ?

Answer: In September 2015, Saudi Arabia's Faisal bin Hassan Trad has been elected Chair of the UN Human Rights Council panel that appoints independent experts, a move criticized by human rights groups.

United Nations [SEP] Bias

Critics such as Dore Gold, an Israeli diplomat, Robert S. Wistrich, a British scholar, Alan Dershowitz, an American legal scholar, Mark Dreyfus, an Australian politician, and the Anti-Defamation League consider UN attention to Israel's treatment of Palestinians to be excessive. In September 2015, Saudi Arabia's Faisal bin Hassan Trad has been elected Chair of the UN Human Rights Council panel that appoints independent experts, a move criticized by human rights groups.


Context: when was it founded ?

Context: 25 June 1945

Context: any awards won by it ?

Context: where is it headquartered ?

Context: New York City

Context: name some its member ?

Context: South Sudan, New Zealand, etc.

Context: do they have any biasness ?

Context: In September 2015, Saudi Arabia's Faisal bin Hassan Trad has been elected Chair of the UN Human Rights Council panel that appoints independent experts, a move criticized by human rights groups.

Question: any corruption allegations against them ?

Answer: Yes, critics have accused the UN of bureaucratic inefficiency, waste, and corruption.

United Nations [SEP] Inefficiency and corruption

Critics have also accused the UN of bureaucratic inefficiency, waste, and corruption. In 1976, the General Assembly established the Joint Inspection Unit to seek out inefficiencies within the UN system. During the 1990s, the US withheld dues citing inefficiency and only started repayment on the condition that a major reforms initiative be introduced. In 1994, the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) was established by the General Assembly to serve as an efficiency watchdog. In 2004, the UN faced accusations that its recently ended Oil-for-Food Programme — in which Iraq had been allowed to trade oil for basic needs to relieve the pressure of sanctions — had suffered from widespread corruption, including billions of dollars of kickbacks.


Context: when was it founded ?

Context: 25 June 1945

Context: any awards won by it ?

Context: where is it headquartered ?

Context: New York City

Context: name some its member ?

Context: South Sudan, New Zealand, etc.

Context: do they have any biasness ?

Context: any corruption allegations against them ?

Context: Yes, critics have accused the UN of bureaucratic inefficiency, waste, and corruption.

Question: who founded it ?

Answer: The UN was formulated and negotiated among the delegations from the Allied Big Four (the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and China).

United Nations [SEP] Founding

The UN was formulated and negotiated among the delegations from the Allied Big Four (the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and China) at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference from 21 September 1944 to 7 October 1944 and they agreed on the aims, structure and functioning of the UN. After months of planning, the UN Conference on International Organization opened in San Francisco, 25 April 1945, attended by 50 governments and a number of non-governmental organizations involved in drafting the UN Charter. "The heads of the delegations of the sponsoring countries took turns as chairman of the plenary meetings: Anthony Eden, of Britain, Edward Stettinius, of the United States, T.


Context: when was it founded ?

Context: 25 June 1945

Context: any awards won by it ?

Context: where is it headquartered ?

Context: New York City

Context: name some its member ?

Context: South Sudan, New Zealand, etc.

Context: do they have any biasness ?

Context: who founded it ?

Context: The UN was formulated and negotiated among the delegations from the Allied Big Four (the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and China).

Question: how are they founded ?

Answer: At the Dumbarton Oaks Conference from 21 September 1944 to 7 October 1944 and they agreed on the aims, structure and functioning of the UN.

Explanation: The UN was formulated and negotiated among the delegations from the Allied Big Four (the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and China) at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference from 21 September 1944 to 7 October 1944 and they agreed on the aims, structure and functioning of the UN.

United Nations [SEP] Founding


Context: when was it founded ?

Context: 25 June 1945

Context: any awards won by it ?

Context: where is it headquartered ?

Context: New York City

Context: name some its member ?

Context: South Sudan, New Zealand, etc.

Context: do they have any biasness ?

Context: who founded it ?

Context: how are they founded ?

Context: At the Dumbarton Oaks Conference from 21 September 1944 to 7 October 1944 and they agreed on the aims, structure and functioning of the UN.

Question: talk about their funding ?

Answer: The General Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assessment for each member.

Explanation: The UN is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from member states. The General Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assessment for each member.

United Nations [SEP] Funding

In December 2000, the Assembly revised the scale of assessments in response to pressure from the United States. As part of that revision, the regular budget ceiling was reduced from 25% to 22%. For the least developed countries (LDCs), a ceiling rate of 0.01% is applied. In addition to the ceiling rates, the minimum amount assessed to any member nation (or "floor" rate) is set at 0.001% of the UN budget ($55,120 for the two year budget 2013–2014).


Question: who was josiah willard gibbs?

Answer: An American scientist

Josiah Willard Gibbs [SEP] Introduction

Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made significant theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics. His work on the applications of thermodynamics was instrumental in transforming physical chemistry into a rigorous inductive science. Together with James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann, he created statistical mechanics (a term that he coined), explaining the laws of thermodynamics as consequences of the statistical properties of ensembles of the possible states of a physical system composed of many particles. Gibbs also worked on the application of Maxwell's equations to problems in physical optics. As a mathematician, he invented modern vector calculus (independently of the British scientist Oliver Heaviside, who carried out similar work during the same period).


Context:
who was josiah willard gibbs?
An American scientist

Question: when was he born?

Answer: February 11, 1839

Explanation: Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839

Josiah Willard Gibbs [SEP] Introduction


Context:
who was josiah willard gibbs?
An American scientist
when was he born?
February 11, 1839

Question: which field of science was he involved with?

Answer: Physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

Explanation: osiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made significant theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

Josiah Willard Gibbs [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was josiah willard gibbs?

Context: An American scientist

Context: when was he born?

Context: February 11, 1839

Context: which field of science was he involved with?

Context: Physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

Question: which institution did he complete his education in?

Answer: Sheffield Scientific School and Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Explanation: He remained at Yale as a graduate student at the Sheffield Scientific School. At age 19, soon after his graduation from college, Gibbs was inducted into the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, a scholarly institution composed primarily of members of the Yale faculty.

Josiah Willard Gibbs [SEP] Education

Though in later years he used glasses only for reading or other close work, Gibbs's delicate health and imperfect eyesight probably explain why he did not volunteer to fight in the Civil War of 1861–65. He was not conscripted and he remained at Yale for the duration of the war.


Context: who was josiah willard gibbs?

Context: An American scientist

Context: when was he born?

Context: February 11, 1839

Context: Physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

Context: which institution did he complete his education in?

Context: Sheffield Scientific School and Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Question: was he married?

Answer: No

Explanation: Gibbs never married,

Josiah Willard Gibbs [SEP] Personal life and character

Gibbs never married, living all his life in his childhood home with his sister Julia and her husband Addison Van Name, who was the Yale librarian. Except for his customary summer vacations in the Adirondacks (at Keene Valley, New York) and later at the White Mountains (in Intervale, New Hampshire), his sojourn in Europe in 1866–69 was almost the only time that Gibbs spent outside New Haven. He joined Yale's College Church (a Congregational church) at the end of his freshman year and remained a regular attendant for the rest of his life. Gibbs generally voted for the Republican candidate in presidential elections but, like other "Mugwumps", his concern over the growing corruption associated with machine politics led him to support Grover Cleveland, a conservative Democrat, in the election of 1884.


Context: who was josiah willard gibbs?

Context: An American scientist

Context: when was he born?

Context: February 11, 1839

Context: Physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

Context: was he married?

Context: No

Question: what career did he take up in the year 1880-1903?

Answer: From 1880 to 84 he worked on developing the exterior algebra into a vector calculus and it was published in a book in 1901.

Explanation:
From 1880 to 1884, Gibbs worked on developing the exterior algebra of Hermann Grassmann into a vector calculus well-suited to the needs of physicists. With this object in mind, Gibbs distinguished between the dot and cross products of two vectors and introduced the concept of dyadics. Similar work was carried out independently, and at around the same time, by the British mathematical physicist and engineer Oliver Heaviside. Gibbs sought to convince other physicists of the convenience of the vectorial approach over the quaternionic calculus of William Rowan Hamilton, which was then widely used by British scientists. This led him, in the early 1890s, to a controversy with Peter Guthrie Tait and others in the pages of "Nature".

Gibbs's lecture notes on vector calculus were privately printed in 1881 and 1884 for the use of his students, and were later adapted by Edwin Bidwell Wilson into a textbook, "Vector Analysis", published in 1901. That book helped to popularize the "del" notation th

Josiah Willard Gibbs [SEP] Career, 1880–1903


Context: who was josiah willard gibbs?

Context: An American scientist

Context: when was he born?

Context: February 11, 1839

Context: Physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

Context: was he married?

Context: No

Context: what career did he take up in the year 1880-1903?

Context: From 1880 to 84 he worked on developing the exterior algebra into a vector calculus and it was published in a book in 1901.

Question: was he successful in developing this calculus?

Answer: Yes

Explanation: Gibbs worked on developing the exterior algebra of Hermann Grassmann into a vector calculus well-suited to the needs of physicists. With this object in mind, Gibbs distinguished between the dot and cross products of two vectors and introduced the concept of dyadics. Similar work was carried out independently, and at around the same time, by the British mathematical physicist and engineer Oliver Heaviside. Gibbs sought to convince other physicists of the convenience of the vectorial approach over the quaternionic calculus of William Rowan Hamilton, which was then widely used by British scientists. This led him, in the early 1890s, to a controversy with Peter Guthrie Tait and others in the pages of "Nature".


Context: who was josiah willard gibbs?

Context: An American scientist

Context: when was he born?

Context: February 11, 1839

Context: Physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

Context: was he married?

Context: No

Context: was he successful in developing this calculus?

Context: Yes

Question: how many fields does this calculus have?

Answer: One

Vector calculus [SEP] Vector fields

A vector field is an assignment of a vector to each point in a space. A vector field in the plane, for instance, can be visualized as a collection of arrows with a given magnitude and direction each attached to a point in the plane. Vector fields are often used to model, for example, the speed and direction of a moving fluid throughout space, or the strength and direction of some force, such as the magnetic or gravitational force, as it changes from point to point. This can be used, for example, to calculate work done over a line.


Context: who was josiah willard gibbs?

Context: An American scientist

Context: when was he born?

Context: February 11, 1839

Context: Physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

Context: was he married?

Context: No

Context: Yes

Context: how many fields does this calculus have?

Context: One

Question: which profession can this be useful in?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Vector calculus [SEP] Vector fields


Context: who was josiah willard gibbs?

Context: An American scientist

Context: when was he born?

Context: February 11, 1839

Context: Physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

Context: was he married?

Context: No

Context: Yes

Context: One

Context: which profession can this be useful in?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did the scientist conduct any experiments?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Vector calculus [SEP] Vector fields


Question: when are organisms considered to belong to the same species

Answer: When two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction

Species [SEP] Introduction

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The total number of species is estimated to be between 8 and 8.7 million. However the vast majority of them are not studied or documented and it may take over 1000 years to fully catalogue them all.


Context: when are organisms considered to belong to the same species

Context: When two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction

Question: what is it classified as?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Species [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is it classified as?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the main topic defined as?

Answer: Biologists and taxonomists have made many attempts to define species, beginning from morphology and moving towards genetics

Species [SEP] Definition

Biologists and taxonomists have made many attempts to define species, beginning from morphology and moving towards genetics. Early taxonomists such as Linnaeus had no option but to describe what they saw: this was later formalised as the typological or morphological species concept. Ernst Mayr emphasised reproductive isolation, but this, like other species concepts, is hard or even impossible to test. Later biologists have tried to refine Mayr's definition with the recognition and cohesion concepts, among others. Many of the concepts are quite similar or overlap, so they are not easy to count: the biologist R. L. Mayden recorded about 24 concepts, and the philosopher of science John Wilkins counted 26.


Context: what is it classified as?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the main topic defined as?

Context: Biologists and taxonomists have made many attempts to define species, beginning from morphology and moving towards genetics

Question: what are the historical notes for the last word above?

Answer: The observation that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding

Genetics [SEP] History

The observation that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding. The modern science of genetics, seeking to understand this process, began with the work of the Augustinian friar Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century. Prior to Mendel, Imre Festetics, a Hungarian noble, who lived in Kőszeg before Mendel, was the first who used the word "genetics." He described several rules of genetic inheritance in his work "The genetic law of the Nature" (Die genetische Gesätze der Natur, 1819). His second law is the same as what Mendel published.


Context: what is it classified as?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the main topic defined as?

Context: what are the historical notes for the last word above?

Context: The observation that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding

Question: name it's different kinds?

Answer: Molecular genetics, epigenetics and population genetics

Genetics [SEP] Introduction

Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including molecular genetics, epigenetics and population genetics. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya).


Context: what is it classified as?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the main topic defined as?

Context: name it's different kinds?

Context: Molecular genetics, epigenetics and population genetics

Question: what is the first kind of it?

Answer: It is a sub-field of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms

Molecular genetics [SEP] Introduction

Molecular genetics is a sub-field of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms. Molecular genetics often applies an "investigative approach" to determine the structure and/or function of genes in an organism's genome using genetic screens. The field of study is based on the merging of several sub-fields in biology: classical Mendelian inheritance, cellular biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and biotechnology. Researchers search for mutations in a gene or induce mutations in a gene to link a gene sequence to a specific phenotype. Molecular genetics is a powerful methodology for linking mutations to genetic conditions that may aid the search for treatments/cures for various genetics diseases.


Context: what is it classified as?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the main topic defined as?

Context: name it's different kinds?

Context: what is the first kind of it?

Context: It is a sub-field of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms

Question: what kind of different kinds does it have?

Answer: Classical Mendelian inheritance, cellular biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and biotechnology

Explanation: The field of study is based on the merging of several sub-fields in biology: classical Mendelian inheritance, cellular biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and biotechnology.

Molecular genetics [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is it classified as?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the main topic defined as?

Context: name it's different kinds?

Context: what is the first kind of it?

Context: what kind of different kinds does it have?

Context: Classical Mendelian inheritance, cellular biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and biotechnology

Question: the first kind, when was it discovered?

Answer: 1865 and 1866

Mendelian inheritance [SEP] Introduction

Mendelian inheritance is a type of biological inheritance that follows the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 and popularized by William Bateson. These principles were initially controversial. When Mendel's theories were integrated with the Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915, they became the core of classical genetics. Ronald Fisher combined these ideas with the theory of natural selection in his 1930 book "The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection", putting evolution onto a mathematical footing and forming the basis for population genetics within the modern evolutionary synthesis.


Context: what is it classified as?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the main topic defined as?

Context: name it's different kinds?

Context: what is the first kind of it?

Context: the first kind, when was it discovered?

Context: 1865 and 1866

Question: in the previous question, what is the second last field related to?

Answer: Biochemistry  is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms

Explanation: Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life.

Biochemistry [SEP] Introduction

Almost all areas of the life sciences are being uncovered and developed Bytes biochemical methodology and research. Biochemistry focuses on understanding the chemical basis which allows biological molecules to give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and between cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of tissues and organs, as well as organism structure and function.


Context: what is it classified as?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the main topic defined as?

Context: name it's different kinds?

Context: what is the first kind of it?

Context: the first kind, when was it discovered?

Context: 1865 and 1866

Context: in the previous question, what is the second last field related to?

Context: Biochemistry  is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms

Question: what materials does it start off with?

Answer: Around two dozen chemical elements are essential to various kinds of biological life

Biochemistry [SEP] Starting materials: the chemical elements of life

Around two dozen chemical elements are essential to various kinds of biological life. Most rare elements on Earth are not needed by life (exceptions being selenium and iodine), while a few common ones (aluminum and titanium) are not used. Most organisms share element needs, but there are a few differences between plants and animals. For example, ocean algae use bromine, but land plants and animals seem to need none. All animals require sodium, but some plants do not. Plants need boron and silicon, but animals may not (or may need ultra-small amounts). Just six elements—carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium and phosphorus—make up almost 99% of the mass of living cells, including those in the human body (see composition of the human body for a complete list).


Context: what is it classified as?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the main topic defined as?

Context: name it's different kinds?

Context: what is the first kind of it?

Context: the first kind, when was it discovered?

Context: 1865 and 1866

Context: what materials does it start off with?

Context: Around two dozen chemical elements are essential to various kinds of biological life

Question: is this study related with any kind of physical exercise?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Question: when was british nuclear tests at maralinga done?

Answer: Between 1956 and 1963

British nuclear tests at Maralinga [SEP] Introduction

British nuclear tests at Maralinga were conducted between 1956 and 1963 at the Maralinga site, part of the Woomera Prohibited Area in South Australia about north west of Adelaide. A total of seven nuclear tests were performed, with approximate yields ranging from . Two major test series were conducted at the Maralinga site: Operation Buffalo in 1956 and Operation Antler the following year. Operation Buffalo consisted of four tests; One Tree () and Breakaway () were detonated on towers, Marcoo () at ground level, and the Kite () was released by a Royal Air Force (RAF) Vickers Valiant bomber from a height of .


Context: when was british nuclear tests at maralinga done?

Context: Between 1956 and 1963

Question: how many tests were carried out?

Answer: seven nuclear tests

Explanation: A total of seven nuclear tests


Context: Between 1956 and 1963

Context: how many tests were carried out?

Context: seven nuclear tests

Question: who initiated these?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Between 1956 and 1963

Context: how many tests were carried out?

Context: seven nuclear tests

Context: who initiated these?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where is the testing site located?

Answer: Woomera Prohibited Area in South Australia

Explanation: British nuclear tests at Maralinga were conducted between 1956 and 1963 at the Maralinga site, part of the Woomera Prohibited Area in South Australia about north west of Adelaide.


Context: Between 1956 and 1963

Context: how many tests were carried out?

Context: seven nuclear tests

Context: who initiated these?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the testing site located?

Context: Woomera Prohibited Area in South Australia

Question: what other such operations were conducted there?

Answer: Minor trials that involved experiments with plutonium, uranium, polonium and beryllium.

British nuclear tests at Maralinga [SEP] Minor trials

In addition to the major tests, some 550 minor trials were also carried out between 1953 and 1963. These experiments were subcritical tests involving testing of nuclear weapons or their components, but not nuclear explosions. The four series of minor trials were codenamed Kittens, Tims, Rats and Vixens, and involved experiments with plutonium, uranium, polonium and beryllium. They were called "Minor Trials" until October 1958, when they were renamed "Assessment Tests" The name change were made in the wake of the international moratorium on nuclear testing, which began on 31 October 1958. It was feared that the term "minor trial" might connote that they were small nuclear explosions.


Context: Between 1956 and 1963

Context: how many tests were carried out?

Context: seven nuclear tests

Context: who initiated these?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the testing site located?

Context: what other such operations were conducted there?

Context: Minor trials that involved experiments with plutonium, uranium, polonium and beryllium.

Question: name any application of the last one?

Answer: Aircraft components, missiles, spacecraft, and satellites

Beryllium [SEP] Introduction

Beryllium is a chemical element with the symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is a relatively rare element in the universe, usually occurring as a product of the spallation of larger atomic nuclei that have collided with cosmic rays. Within the cores of stars, beryllium is depleted as it is fused into heavier elements. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals. Notable gemstones which contain beryllium include beryl (aquamarine, emerald) and chrysoberyl. As a free element it is a steel-gray, strong, lightweight and brittle alkaline earth metal. In structural applications, the combination of high flexural rigidity, thermal stability, thermal conductivity and low density (1.85 times that of water) make beryllium metal a desirable aerospace material for aircraft components, missiles, spacecraft, and satellites.


Context: Between 1956 and 1963

Context: how many tests were carried out?

Context: seven nuclear tests

Context: who initiated these?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the testing site located?

Context: name any application of the last one?

Context: Aircraft components, missiles, spacecraft, and satellites

Question: does it have any role in the medical field?

Answer: It is used in several dental alloys

Explanation: Beryllium is a component of several dental alloys.

Beryllium [SEP] Healthcare


Context: Between 1956 and 1963

Context: how many tests were carried out?

Context: seven nuclear tests

Context: who initiated these?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the testing site located?

Context: name any application of the last one?

Context: does it have any role in the medical field?

Context: It is used in several dental alloys

Question: what main properties does it have?

Answer: Physical, nuclear, optical and chemical properties

Explanation: Beryllium is a steel gray and hard metal that is brittle at room temperature and has a close-packed hexagonal crystal structure. It has exceptional stiffness (Young's modulus 287 GPa) and a melting point of 1287 C. The modulus of elasticity of beryllium is approximately 50% greater than that of steel. The combination of this modulus and a relatively low density results in an unusually fast sound conduction speed in beryllium – about 12.9 km/s at ambient conditions. Other significant properties are high specific heat (1925 J·kg·K) and thermal conductivity (216 W·m·K), which make beryllium the metal with the best heat dissipation characteristics per unit weight. In combination with the relatively low coefficient of linear thermal expansion (11.4×10 K), these characteristics result in a unique stability under conditions of thermal loading.

Beryllium [SEP] Physical properties


Context: Between 1956 and 1963

Context: how many tests were carried out?

Context: seven nuclear tests

Context: who initiated these?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the testing site located?

Context: name any application of the last one?

Context: It is used in several dental alloys

Context: what main properties does it have?

Context: Physical, nuclear, optical and chemical properties

Question: can you give an example for the third one?

Answer: It is useful for X-ray tubes and other such apparatus.

Explanation: As a metal, beryllium is transparent or translucent to most wavelengths of X-rays and gamma rays, making it useful for the output windows of X-ray tubes and other such apparatus.

Beryllium [SEP] Optical Properties


Context: Between 1956 and 1963

Context: how many tests were carried out?

Context: seven nuclear tests

Context: who initiated these?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the testing site located?

Context: name any application of the last one?

Context: It is used in several dental alloys

Context: what main properties does it have?

Context: can you give an example for the third one?

Context: It is useful for X-ray tubes and other such apparatus.

Question: where are the former used?

Answer: CT scanners, airport luggage scanners

X-ray tube [SEP] Introduction

An X-ray tube is a vacuum tube that converts electrical input power into X-rays. The availability of this controllable source of X-rays created the field of radiography, the imaging of partly opaque objects with penetrating radiation. In contrast to other sources of ionizing radiation, X-rays are only produced as long as the X-ray tube is energized. X-ray tubes are also used in CT scanners, airport luggage scanners, X-ray crystallography, material and structure analysis, and for industrial inspection. Increasing demand for high-performance Computed tomography (CT) scanning and angiography systems has driven development of very high performance medical X-ray tubes.


Question: where does naturally source of iodine come from

Answer: Seafood, such as fish, seaweeds (such as kelp) and shellfish, dairy products and eggs etc

Iodine [SEP] Dietary intake

Natural sources of dietary iodine include seafood, such as fish, seaweeds (such as kelp) and shellfish, dairy products and eggs so long as the animals received enough iodine, and plants grown on iodine-rich soil. Iodised salt is fortified with iodine in the form of sodium iodide.


Context: where does naturally source of iodine come from

Context: Seafood, such as fish, seaweeds (such as kelp) and shellfish, dairy products and eggs etc

Question: what is the atomic number of this element?

Answer: 53

Iodine [SEP] Introduction

Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a lustrous, purple-black non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at 114 degrees Celsius, and boils to a violet gas at 184 degrees Celsius. However, it sublimes easily with gentle heat, resulting in a widespread misconception even taught in some science textbooks that it does not melt. The element was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811, and was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, after the Greek "ἰώδης" "violet-coloured".


Context: what is the atomic number of this element?

Question: how does this element look physically at normal temperature conditions?

Answer: It exists as a lustrous, purple-black non-metallic solid.

Explanation: it exists as a lustrous, purple-black non-metallic solid

Iodine [SEP] Introduction


Context: how does this element look physically at normal temperature conditions?

Context: It exists as a lustrous, purple-black non-metallic solid.

Question: name some of its isotopes

Answer: Iodine-129, iodine-127, iodine-123, iodine-125 etc

Iodine [SEP] Isotopes

Of the thirty-seven known isotopes of iodine, only one occurs in nature, iodine-127. The others are radioactive and have half-lives too short to be primordial. As such, iodine is both monoisotopic and mononuclidic and its atomic weight is known to great precision, as it is a constant of nature. The longest-lived of the radioactive isotopes of iodine is iodine-129, which has a half-life of 15.7 million years, decaying via beta decay to stable xenon-129. Some iodine-129 was formed along with iodine-127 before the formation of the Solar System, but it has by now completely decayed away, making it an extinct radionuclide that is nevertheless still useful in dating the history of the early Solar System or very old groundwaters, due to its mobility in the environment.


Context: name some of its isotopes

Context: Iodine-129, iodine-127, iodine-123, iodine-125 etc

Question: name some of its compounds.

Answer: Carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, sulfur dioxide etc

Iodine [SEP] Chemistry and compounds

Though it is the least reactive of the stable halogens, iodine is still one of the more reactive elements. For example, while chlorine gas will halogenate carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and sulfur dioxide (to phosgene, nitrosyl chloride, and sulfuryl chloride respectively), iodine will not do so. Furthermore, iodination of metals tends to result in lower oxidation states than chlorination or bromination; for example, rhenium metal reacts with chlorine to form rhenium hexachloride, but with bromine it forms only rhenium pentabromide and iodine can achieve only rhenium tetraiodide. By the same token, however, since iodine has the lowest ionisation energy among the halogens and is the most easily oxidised of them, it has a more significant cationic chemistry and its higher oxidation states are rather more stable than those of bromine and chlorine, for example in iodine heptafluoride.


Context: name some of its isotopes

Context: name some of its compounds.

Context: Carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, sulfur dioxide etc

Question: what are some of the uses of this element?

Answer: They are used to form potassium iodide, inorganic iodine compounds, organoiodine compounds, catalysts, animal feed supplemtns, stablilisers etc

Explanation: used to form potassium iodide

Iodine [SEP] Applications

About half of all produced iodine goes into various organoiodine compounds, another 15% remains as the pure element, another 15% is used to form potassium iodide, and another 15% for other inorganic iodine compounds. Among the major uses of iodine compounds are catalysts, animal feed supplements, stabilisers, dyes, colourants and pigments, pharmaceutical, sanitation (from tincture of iodine), and photography; minor uses include smog inhibition, cloud seeding, and various uses in analytical chemistry.


Context: name some of its isotopes

Context: name some of its compounds.

Context: what are some of the uses of this element?

Context: They are used to form potassium iodide, inorganic iodine compounds, organoiodine compounds, catalysts, animal feed supplemtns, stablilisers etc

Question: what can be the toxicity of this element?

Answer: It is toxic if taken orally undiluted and can cause skin irritants if in direct contact.

Explanation: is toxic if taken orally undiluted

Iodine [SEP] Toxicity

Elemental iodine (I) is toxic if taken orally undiluted. The lethal dose for an adult human is 30 mg/kg, which is about 2.1–2.4 grams for a human weighing 70 to 80 kg (even if experiments on rats demonstrated that these animals could survive after eating a 14000 mg/kg dose). Excess iodine can be more cytotoxic in the presence of selenium deficiency. Iodine supplementation in selenium-deficient populations is, in theory, problematic, partly for this reason. The toxicity derives from its oxidizing properties, through which it denaturates proteins (including enzymes). Elemental iodine is also a skin irritant. Direct contact with skin can cause damage, and solid iodine crystals should be handled with care.


Context: name some of its isotopes

Context: name some of its compounds.

Context: what can be the toxicity of this element?

Context: It is toxic if taken orally undiluted and can cause skin irritants if in direct contact.

Question: who is the first person to discover this element?

Answer: Bernard Courtois

Explanation: Bernard Courtois

Iodine [SEP] Introduction


Context: name some of its isotopes

Context: name some of its compounds.

Context: who is the first person to discover this element?

Context: Bernard Courtois

Question: what was the source from which this element was found when he discovered it?

Answer: Saltpetre

Explanation: saltpetre

Iodine [SEP] History

In 1811, iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois, who was born to a manufacturer of saltpetre (an essential component of gunpowder). At the time of the Napoleonic Wars, saltpetre was in great demand in France. Saltpetre produced from French nitre beds required sodium carbonate, which could be isolated from seaweed collected on the coasts of Normandy and Brittany. To isolate the sodium carbonate, seaweed was burned and the ash washed with water. The remaining waste was destroyed by adding sulfuric acid. Courtois once added excessive sulfuric acid and a cloud of purple vapour rose. He noted that the vapour crystallised on cold surfaces, making dark crystals.


Context: name some of its isotopes

Context: name some of its compounds.

Context: Bernard Courtois

Context: what was the source from which this element was found when he discovered it?

Context: Saltpetre

Question: tell me something about this person's professional background.

Answer: He was a French chemist.

Explanation: was a French chemist

Bernard Courtois [SEP] Introduction

Bernard Courtois, also spelled Barnard Courtois, (8 February 1777 – 27 September 1838) was a French chemist credited with first isolating iodine and morphine.


Context: name some of its isotopes

Context: name some of its compounds.

Context: Bernard Courtois

Context: Saltpetre

Context: tell me something about this person's professional background.

Context: He was a French chemist.

Question: what's his date of birth?

Answer: 8 February 1777

Explanation: 8 February 1777

Bernard Courtois [SEP] Introduction


Context: name some of its isotopes

Context: name some of its compounds.

Context: Bernard Courtois

Context: Saltpetre

Context: He was a French chemist.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: 8 February 1777

Question: when did he discover that element which we were talking about?

Answer: 1811

Iodine [SEP] Introduction


Context: name some of its isotopes

Context: name some of its compounds.

Context: Bernard Courtois

Context: Saltpetre

Context: He was a French chemist.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: 8 February 1777

Context: when did he discover that element which we were talking about?

Question: are there any other discoveries he made?

Answer: No, he was credited with first isolating iodine and morphine.

Explanation: credited with first isolating iodine and morphine.

Bernard Courtois [SEP] Introduction


Context: name some of its isotopes

Context: name some of its compounds.

Context: Bernard Courtois

Context: Saltpetre

Context: He was a French chemist.

Context: what's his date of birth?

Context: 8 February 1777

Context: are there any other discoveries he made?

Context: No, he was credited with first isolating iodine and morphine.

Question: what was the source from which he isolated that last substance mentioned above?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Bernard Courtois [SEP] Introduction


Question: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Answer: A line infantry regiment of the British Army

Gloucestershire Regiment [SEP] Introduction

The Gloucestershire Regiment, commonly referred to as the Glosters, was a line infantry regiment of the British Army from 1881 until 1994. It traced its origins to Colonel Gibson's Regiment of Foot, which was raised in 1694 and later became the 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot. The regiment was formed by the merger of the 28th Regiment with the 61st (South Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot. It inherited the unique distinction in the British Army of wearing a badge on the back of its headdress as well as the front, a tradition that originated with the 28th Regiment after it fought in two ranks back to back at the Battle of Alexandria in 1801.


Context: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Context: A line infantry regiment of the British Army

Question: when was it formed?

Answer: 1694

Gloucestershire Regiment [SEP] Origins

The Gloucestershire Regiment traced its roots to Colonel Gibson's Regiment of Foot, raised in 1694 in Portsmouth, which first saw action in 1705 during the War of the Spanish Succession. Having been commanded by, and therefore named after, a succession of colonels, the regiment was renamed in 1742 as the 28th Regiment of Foot and fought under this name during the War of the Austrian Succession. Another predecessor, the 61st Regiment of Foot, was formed in 1758 when the British Army was expanded during the Seven Years' War. The 61st Regiment gained its first battle honour a year later during the invasion of Guadeloupe, the same year that General Wolfe placed himself at the head of the 28th Regiment on the Plains of Abraham in the capture of Quebec.


Context: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Context: when was it formed?

Question: what is its current status?

Answer: The regiment followed the 28th and 61st Regiments of Foot into history

Gloucestershire Regiment [SEP] Later history

But by that time, the dissolution of the Soviet Union had prompted the government to restructure the armed forces. As a result, the Gloucestershire Regiment was amalgamated with the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment to form the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment. The new regiment maintained the back badge tradition, and when it was in turn amalgamated in 2007, it passed the tradition on to its successor regiment, The Rifles, who wear the back badge with their ceremonial uniform. The Glosters paraded for the last time on 26 March 1994 in Gloucester. The colours, carrying more battle honours than any other regiment of the line, were then marched to the Soldiers of Gloucestershire Museum, and the regiment followed the 28th and 61st Regiments of Foot into history.


Context: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: what is its current status?

Context: The regiment followed the 28th and 61st Regiments of Foot into history

Question: what was its role in the second boer war?

Answer: They were a part of Battle of Talana Hill and Battle of Ladysmith

Explanation:
The Gloucestershire Regiment began life quietly. The two battalions alternated between postings at home and overseas, mostly in India, but their first action came in 1899 during the Second Boer War. Deployed to Ladysmith, the 1st Battalion was part of a column sent out on 24 October to cover the withdrawal of a brigade after the Battle of Talana Hill. When the column came under fire near Rietfontein, the battalion was detached and ordered forward, but the order was ambiguous and the battalion advanced too far. The troops were caught in the open for several hours before they were able to extricate themselves at the cost of five men killed, including the battalion commander, and 58 wounded.

Five days later, some 450 men of the 1st Battalion were part of a small force tasked with seizing Nicholson's Nek, a pass some north of Ladysmith, during the Battle of Ladysmith.

Gloucestershire Regiment [SEP] Second Boer War


Context: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: what is its current status?

Context: what was its role in the second boer war?

Context: They were a part of Battle of Talana Hill and Battle of Ladysmith

Question: what was the war about?

Answer: It was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa

Second Boer War [SEP] Introduction

The Second Boer War (11 October 189931 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa. The trigger of the war was the discovery of diamonds and gold in the Boer states. The war is also known as the Boer War, Anglo-Boer War, or South African War. Initial Boer attacks were successful, and although British reinforcements later reversed these, the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare, until harsh British counter-measures including a scorched earth policy brought the Boers to terms.


Context: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: what is its current status?

Context: what was the war about?

Context: It was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa

Question: when did it take place?

Answer: 11 October 1899 to 31 May 1902

Explanation: The Second Boer War (11 October 189931 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, t

Second Boer War [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: what is its current status?

Context: what was the war about?

Context: when did it take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 to 31 May 1902

Question: where did it get its name from?

Answer: "Boer" is the common term for Afrikaans-speaking white South Africans descended from the Dutch East India Company's original settlers at the Cape of Good Hope

Second Boer War [SEP] Name

The conflict is commonly referred to as the Boer War, since the First Boer War (December 1880 to March 1881) was a much smaller conflict. "Boer" (meaning farmer) is the common term for Afrikaans-speaking white South Africans descended from the Dutch East India Company's original settlers at the Cape of Good Hope. It is also known as the (Second) Anglo-Boer War among some South Africans. In Afrikaans it may be called the "Anglo-Boereoorlog" ("Anglo-Boer War"), "Tweede Boereoorlog" ("Second Boer War"), "Tweede Vryheidsoorlog" ("Second Freedom War") or "Engelse oorlog" ("English War"). In South Africa it is officially called the South African War.


Context: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: what is its current status?

Context: what was the war about?

Context: when did it take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 to 31 May 1902

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: "Boer" is the common term for Afrikaans-speaking white South Africans descended from the Dutch East India Company's original settlers at the Cape of Good Hope

Question: did any negotiation take place?

Answer: Yes. President Steyn of the Orange Free State invited Milner and Kruger to attend a conference in Bloemfontein

Second Boer War [SEP] Negotiations fail

President Steyn of the Orange Free State invited Milner and Kruger to attend a conference in Bloemfontein. The conference started on 30 May 1899 but negotiations quickly broke down, despite Kruger's offer of concessions. In September 1899, Chamberlain sent an ultimatum demanding full equality for British citizens resident in Transvaal. Kruger, seeing that war was inevitable, simultaneously issued his own ultimatum prior to receiving Chamberlain's. This gave Britain 48 hours to withdraw all their troops from the border of Transvaal or the Transvaal, allied with the Orange Free State, would declare war. News of the ultimatum reached London on the day it expired.


Context: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: what is its current status?

Context: what was the war about?

Context: when did it take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 to 31 May 1902

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: did any negotiation take place?

Context: Yes. President Steyn of the Orange Free State invited Milner and Kruger to attend a conference in Bloemfontein

Question: what was its result?

Answer: It quickly broke down, despite Kruger's offer of concessions

Explanation: The conference started on 30 May 1899 but negotiations quickly broke down, despite Kruger's offer of concessions.

Second Boer War [SEP] Negotiations fail


Context: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: what is its current status?

Context: what was the war about?

Context: when did it take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 to 31 May 1902

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: did any negotiation take place?

Context: what was its result?

Context: It quickly broke down, despite Kruger's offer of concessions

Question: what can you tell me about the aforesaid place?

Answer: It is the capital city of the province of Free State of South Africa and as the judicial capital of the nation, one of South Africa's three national capitals

Bloemfontein [SEP] Introduction

Bloemfontein ( ; ; also known as Bloem) is the capital city of the province of Free State of South Africa; and, as the judicial capital of the nation, one of South Africa's three national capitals (the other two being Cape Town, the legislative capital, and Pretoria, the administrative capital) and is the seventh largest city in South Africa. Situated at an elevation of above sea level, the city is home to approximately 520,000 residents and forms part of the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality which has a population of 747,431. It was one of the host cities for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.


Context: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: what is its current status?

Context: what was the war about?

Context: when did it take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 to 31 May 1902

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: did any negotiation take place?

Context: what was its result?

Context: what can you tell me about the aforesaid place?

Context: It is the capital city of the province of Free State of South Africa and as the judicial capital of the nation, one of South Africa's three national capitals

Question: what is their estimated population?

Answer: 520,000

Explanation: Situated at an elevation of above sea level, the city is home to approximately 520,000 residents a

Bloemfontein [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is gloucestershire regiment ?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: what is its current status?

Context: what was the war about?

Context: when did it take place?

Context: 11 October 1899 to 31 May 1902

Context: where did it get its name from?

Context: did any negotiation take place?

Context: what was its result?

Context: what is their estimated population?

Question: can you tell me about their football sport?

Answer: It is joint home to Premier Soccer League team Bloemfontein Celtic

Bloemfontein [SEP] Football

Bloemfontein is joint home (together with nearby Botshabelo) to Premier Soccer League team Bloemfontein Celtic. Some of the matches of the 2010 FIFA World Cup were played at the Free State Stadium, including the historic 4–1 defeat of England by Germany in the round of 16


Question: what are the characters in the justice league movie

Answer: Batman,  Wonder Woman, The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg.

Justice League (film) [SEP] Introduction

Justice League is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name. It is the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe and a follow-up to "", and was directed by Zack Snyder and written by Chris Terrio and Joss Whedon who served as co-director, based on a story by Terrio and Snyder. It features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, Ray Fisher, Amy Adams, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J. K. Simmons. In the film, Batman and Wonder Woman recruit The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg after Superman's death to save the world from the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons.


Context: what are the characters in the justice league movie

Context: Batman,  Wonder Woman, The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg.

Question: what is the first character like?

Answer: He wore a cowl instead of a simple domino mask, a cape instead of wings, and gloves. The red sections from the original costume were removed.

Batman [SEP] Creation

And under it was a big sign ... BATMAN". The bat-wing-like cape was suggested by Bob Kane, inspired as a child by Leonardo Da Vinci's sketch of an ornithopter flying device. Finger suggested giving the character a cowl instead of a simple domino mask, a cape instead of wings, and gloves; he also recommended removing the red sections from the original costume. Finger said he devised the name Bruce Wayne for the character's secret identity: "Bruce Wayne's first name came from Robert Bruce, the Scottish patriot. Wayne, being a playboy, was a man of gentry. I searched for a name that would suggest colonialism.


Context: what is the first character like?

Context: He wore a cowl instead of a simple domino mask, a cape instead of wings, and gloves. The red sections from the original costume were removed.

Question: does he have any special skillset?

Answer: He has no inherent superhuman powers; he relies on "his own scientific knowledge, detective skills, and athletic prowess". His inexhaustible wealth gives him access to advanced technologies, and as a proficient scientist, he is able to use and modify these technologies to his advantage.

Batman [SEP] Skills and training

Batman has no inherent superhuman powers; he relies on "his own scientific knowledge, detective skills, and athletic prowess". Batman's inexhaustible wealth gives him access to advanced technologies, and as a proficient scientist, he is able to use and modify these technologies to his advantage. In the stories, Batman is regarded as one of the world's greatest detectives, if not the world's greatest crime solver. Batman has been repeatedly described as having a genius-level intellect, being one of the greatest martial artists in the DC Universe, and having peak human physical conditioning. As a polymath, his knowledge and expertise in countless disciplines is nearly unparalleled by any other character in the DC Universe.