Context: what is smyth report?

Context: who is the author?

Context: Henry DeWolf Smyth

Context: was this report translated?

Context: Yes, into Russian

Context: what was his role in world war ii?

Context: June 27, 1940

Context: Yes, the McCarter Theatre

Context: what is it used for?

Context: what are some of the traditions this university follows?

Context: Some traditions like Clapper Theft and Nude Olympics have been discontinued.

Question: do they have any song or anthem?

Answer: Yes, the Princeton Cannon Song.

Princeton University [SEP] Songs

Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement, convocation, and athletic games is Princeton Cannon Song, the Princeton University fight song. Bob Dylan wrote "Day of The Locusts" (for his 1970 album "New Morning") about his experience of receiving an honorary doctorate from the University. It is a reference to the negative experience he had and it mentions the Brood X cicada infestation Princeton experienced that June 1970.


Context: what is smyth report?

Context: An administrative history about the Manhattan Project.

Context: who is the author?

Context: Henry DeWolf Smyth

Context: was this report translated?

Context: Yes, into Russian

Context: from where did the author complete his education?

Context: Princeton University and the University of Cambridge

Context: what was his role in world war ii?

Context: He was a member of the National Defense Research Committee's Uranium Committee and a consultant on the Manhattan Project.

Context: when was the above research committee formed?

Context: June 27, 1940

Context: does the first university you mentioned have a theatre?

Context: Yes, the McCarter Theatre

Context: what is it used for?

Context: For annual freshmen revue, fall show, and Reunions performances.

Context: do they have any song or anthem?

Context: Yes, the Princeton Cannon Song.

Question: what does the museum here consists of?

Answer: Over 92,000 objects, including ancient to contemporary art from Mediterranean regions, Western Europe, China, the United States, and Latin America.

Explanation:
The Princeton University Art Museum was established in 1882 to give students direct, intimate, and sustained access to original works of art that complement and enrich instruction and research at the university. This continues to be a primary function, along with serving as a community resource and a destination for national and international visitors.

Numbering over 92,000 objects, the collections range from ancient to contemporary art and concentrate geographically on the Mediterranean regions, Western Europe, China, the United States, and Latin America.

Princeton University [SEP] Art Museum

Medieval Europe is represented by sculpture, metalwork, and stained glass. The collection of Western European paintings includes examples from the early Renaissance through the 19th century, with masterpieces by Monet, Cézanne, and Van Gogh, and features a growing collection of 20th-century and contemporary art, including iconic paintings such as Andy Warhol's Blue Marilyn. One of the best features of the museums is its collection of Chinese art, with important holdings in bronzes, tomb figurines, painting, and calligraphy. Its collection of pre-Columbian art includes examples of Mayan art, and is commonly considered to be the most important collection of pre-Columbian art outside of Latin America.


Question: what is the exact mass of an electron

Answer: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Electron [SEP] Introduction

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or , whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton. Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of a half-integer value, expressed in units of the reduced Planck constant, "ħ". Being fermions, no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state, in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle.


Context:
what is the exact mass of an electron
Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Question: is the electron a positive charge or a negative charge or is it neutral?

Answer: Negative charge

Explanation: The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or , whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.

Electron [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the exact mass of an electron

Context: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Context: is the electron a positive charge or a negative charge or is it neutral?

Context: Negative charge

Question: can you describe any experiment in short where this charge can be produced?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Electron [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the exact mass of an electron

Context: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Context: Negative charge

Context: can you describe any experiment in short where this charge can be produced?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are the names of the scientists who are involved in the discovery of this negative charge?

Answer: J. J. Thomson

Explanation: J. J. Thomson and his team of British physicists identified it as a particle in 1897.

Electron [SEP] Introduction

J. Thomson and his team of British physicists identified it as a particle in 1897. Electrons can also participate in nuclear reactions, such as nucleosynthesis in stars, where they are known as beta particles. Electrons can be created through beta decay of radioactive isotopes and in high-energy collisions, for instance when cosmic rays enter the atmosphere. The antiparticle of the electron is called the positron; it is identical to the electron except that it carries electrical and other charges of the opposite sign. When an electron collides with a positron, both particles can be annihilated, producing gamma ray photons.


Context: what is the exact mass of an electron

Context: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Context: Negative charge

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the names of the scientists who are involved in the discovery of this negative charge?

Context: J. J. Thomson

Question: what are the applications of this kind of charge?

Answer: Cathode ray tubes,  computer monitors, television sets,  Vacuum tubes, etc.

Explanation:
In the free-electron laser (FEL), a relativistic electron beam passes through a pair of undulators that contain arrays of dipole magnets whose fields point in alternating directions. The electrons emit synchrotron radiation that coherently interacts with the same electrons to strongly amplify the radiation field at the resonance frequency. FEL can emit a coherent high-brilliance electromagnetic radiation with a wide range of frequencies, from microwaves to soft X-rays. These devices are used in manufacturing, communication, and in medical applications, such as soft tissue surgery.

Electrons are important in cathode ray tubes, which have been extensively used as display devices in laboratory instruments, computer monitors and television sets. In a photomultiplier tube, every photon striking the photocathode initiates an avalanche of electrons that produces a detectable current pulse. Vacuum tubes use the flow of electrons to manipulate electrical signals, and they played a critical rol

Electron [SEP] Other applications


Context: what is the exact mass of an electron

Context: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Context: Negative charge

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: J. J. Thomson

Context: what are the applications of this kind of charge?

Context: Cathode ray tubes,  computer monitors, television sets,  Vacuum tubes, etc.

Question: what are some of the experiments conducted by that scientist you mentioned?

Answer: One such experiment was Cathode rays. He marked the paths of particles of matter charged with negative electricity

Explanation: Earlier, physicists debated whether cathode rays were immaterial like light ("some process in the aether") or were "in fact wholly material, and ... mark the paths of particles of matter charged with negative electricity", quoting Thomson. The aetherial hypothesis was vague, but the particle hypothesis was definite enough for Thomson to test.

J. J. Thomson [SEP] Experiments with cathode rays


Context: what is the exact mass of an electron

Context: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Context: Negative charge

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: J. J. Thomson

Context: what are some of the experiments conducted by that scientist you mentioned?

Context: One such experiment was Cathode rays. He marked the paths of particles of matter charged with negative electricity

Question: which educational institution did he attend?

Answer: Owens College in Manchester, then moved to  Trinity College

Explanation:
His early education was in small private schools where he demonstrated outstanding talent and interest in science. In 1870, he was admitted to Owens College in Manchester (now University of Manchester) at the unusually young age of 14. His parents planned to enroll him as an apprentice engineer to Sharp-Stewart & Co, a locomotive manufacturer, but these plans were cut short when his father died in 1873.

He moved on to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1876. In 1880, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics (Second Wrangler in the Tripos and 2nd Smith's Prize). He applied for and became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1881. Thomson received his Master of Arts degree (with Adams Prize) in 1883.

J. J. Thomson [SEP] Education and personal life

Joseph John Thomson was born on 18 December 1856 in Cheetham Hill, Manchester, Lancashire, England. His mother, Emma Swindells, came from a local textile family. His father, Joseph James Thomson, ran an antiquarian bookshop founded by Thomson's great-grandfather. He had a brother, Frederick Vernon Thomson, who was two years younger than he was. J. J. Thomson was a reserved yet devout Anglican. His early education was in small private schools where he demonstrated outstanding talent and interest in science. In 1870, he was admitted to Owens College in Manchester (now University of Manchester) at the unusually young age of 14.


Context: what is the exact mass of an electron

Context: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Context: Negative charge

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: J. J. Thomson

Context: which educational institution did he attend?

Context: Owens College in Manchester, then moved to  Trinity College

Question: what subjects did he study?

Answer: He  obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics

His parents planned to enroll him as an apprentice engineer to Sharp-Stewart & Co, a locomotive manufacturer, but these plans were cut short when his father died in 1873. He moved on to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1876. In 1880, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics (Second Wrangler in the Tripos and 2nd Smith's Prize). He applied for and became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1881. Thomson received his Master of Arts degree (with Adams Prize) in 1883.


Context: what is the exact mass of an electron

Context: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Context: Negative charge

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: J. J. Thomson

Context: what subjects did he study?

Context: He  obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics

Question: what were some of the awards conferred to him?

Answer: Fellow of the Royal Society  and appointed to the Cavendish Professorship of Experimental Physics

Explanation:
Thomson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) and appointed to the Cavendish Professorship of Experimental Physics at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge in 1884. Thomson won numerous awards and honours during his career including:

Thomson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 12 June 1884 and served as President of the Royal Society from 1915 to 1920.

In November 1927, J. J. Thomson opened the Thomson building, named in his honour, in the Leys School, Cambridge.

J. J. Thomson [SEP] Awards and honours


Context: what is the exact mass of an electron

Context: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Context: Negative charge

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: J. J. Thomson

Context: what subjects did he study?

Context: what were some of the awards conferred to him?

Context: Fellow of the Royal Society  and appointed to the Cavendish Professorship of Experimental Physics

Question: what were the names of some of the scientists he collaborated with during his research and experimental work?

Answer: Charles Glover Barkla, Niels Bohr, Max Born, William Henry Bragg

J. J. Thomson [SEP] Overview

In 1918, he became Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he remained until his death. Joseph John Thomson died on 30 August 1940; his ashes rest in Westminster Abbey, near the graves of Sir Isaac Newton and his former student, Ernest Rutherford. One of Thomson's greatest contributions to modern science was in his role as a highly gifted teacher. One of his students was Ernest Rutherford, who later succeeded him as Cavendish Professor of Physics. In addition to Thomson himself, six of his research assistants (Charles Glover Barkla, Niels Bohr, Max Born, William Henry Bragg, Owen Willans Richardson and Charles Thomson Rees Wilson) won Nobel Prizes in physics, and two (Francis William Aston and Ernest Rutherford) won Nobel prizes in chemistry.


Context: what is the exact mass of an electron

Context: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Context: Negative charge

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: J. J. Thomson

Context: what subjects did he study?

Context: what were the names of some of the scientists he collaborated with during his research and experimental work?

Context: Charles Glover Barkla, Niels Bohr, Max Born, William Henry Bragg

Question: any discoveries made by the second scientist?

Answer: He contributes  to understand atomic structure and quantum theory. He developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits around the atomic nucleus but can jump from one energy level (or orbit) to another.

Explanation:
Niels Henrik David Bohr (; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research.

Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits around the atomic nucleus but can jump from one energy level (or orbit) to another. Although the Bohr model has been supplanted by other models, its underlying principles remain valid. He conceived the principle of complementarity: that items could be separately analysed in terms of contradictory properties, like behaving as a wave or a stream of particles. The notion of complementarity dominated Bohr's thinking in both science and philosophy.

Niels Bohr [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the exact mass of an electron

Context: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Context: Negative charge

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: J. J. Thomson

Context: what subjects did he study?

Context: any discoveries made by the second scientist?

Context: He contributes  to understand atomic structure and quantum theory. He developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits around the atomic nucleus but can jump from one energy level (or orbit) to another.

Question: what was his connection with nazism?

Answer: In 1933, the Rockefeller Foundation created a fund to help support refugee academics, and Bohr discussed this programme with the President of the Rockefeller Foundation, Max Mason, in May 1933 during a visit to the United States. He offered the refugees temporary jobs at the institute, provided them with financial support during the rise of Nazism

Niels Bohr [SEP] Nazism and Second World War

The rise of Nazism in Germany prompted many scholars to flee their countries, either because they were Jewish or because they were political opponents of the Nazi regime. In 1933, the Rockefeller Foundation created a fund to help support refugee academics, and Bohr discussed this programme with the President of the Rockefeller Foundation, Max Mason, in May 1933 during a visit to the United States. Bohr offered the refugees temporary jobs at the institute, provided them with financial support, arranged for them to be awarded fellowships from the Rockefeller Foundation, and ultimately found them places at institutions around the world.


Context: what is the exact mass of an electron

Context: Approximately 1/1836 that of the proton

Context: Negative charge

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: J. J. Thomson

Context: what subjects did he study?

Context: what was his connection with nazism?

Context: In 1933, the Rockefeller Foundation created a fund to help support refugee academics, and Bohr discussed this programme with the President of the Rockefeller Foundation, Max Mason, in May 1933 during a visit to the United States. He offered the refugees temporary jobs at the institute, provided them with financial support during the rise of Nazism

Question: what are some of the recognitions granted to him?

Answer: Nobel Prize,  Matteucci Medal, Franklin Medal, Copley Medal annd many more

Niels Bohr [SEP] Accolades

Bohr received numerous honours and accolades. In addition to the Nobel Prize, he received the Hughes Medal in 1921, the Matteucci Medal in 1923, the Franklin Medal in 1926, the Copley Medal in 1938, the Order of the Elephant in 1947, the Atoms for Peace Award in 1957 and the Sonning Prize in 1961. He became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1923, and of the Royal Society in 1926. The Bohr model's semicentennial was commemorated in Denmark on 21 November 1963 with a postage stamp depicting Bohr, the hydrogen atom and the formula for the difference of any two hydrogen energy levels: formula_3.


Question: what is the chemical composition of the earth

Answer: Iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, sulphur, nickel, calcium and aluminum to name a few.

Earth [SEP] Chemical composition

Earth's mass is approximately (5,970 Yg). It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulphur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to mass segregation, the core region is estimated to be primarily composed of iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulphur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements. The most common rock constituents of the crust are nearly all oxides: chlorine, sulphur, and fluorine are the important exceptions to this and their total amount in any rock is usually much less than 1%.


Context: what is the chemical composition of the earth

Context: Iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, sulphur, nickel, calcium and aluminum to name a few.

Question: how did this place get its name?

Answer: Its developed, via Middle English, from an Old English noun.

Earth [SEP] Etymology

The modern English word "Earth" developed, via Middle English, from an Old English noun most often spelled '. It has cognates in every Germanic language, and their ancestral root has been reconstructed as *"erþō". In its earliest attestation, the word "eorðe" was already being used to translate the many senses of Latin ' and Greek "gē": the ground, its soil, dry land, the human world, the surface of the world (including the sea), and the globe itself. As with Roman Terra/Tellūs and Greek Gaia, Earth may have been a personified goddess in Germanic paganism: late Norse mythology included Jörð ('Earth'), a giantess often given as the mother of Thor.


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: Its developed, via Middle English, from an Old English noun.

Question: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Answer: It can be subdivided into specific latitudinal belts of approximately homogeneous climate.

Earth [SEP] Weather and climate

Ocean currents are also important factors in determining climate, particularly the thermohaline circulation that distributes thermal energy from the equatorial oceans to the polar regions. The amount of solar energy reaching Earth's surface decreases with increasing latitude. At higher latitudes, the sunlight reaches the surface at lower angles, and it must pass through thicker columns of the atmosphere. As a result, the mean annual air temperature at sea level decreases by about per degree of latitude from the equator. Earth's surface can be subdivided into specific latitudinal belts of approximately homogeneous climate. Ranging from the equator to the polar regions, these are the tropical (or equatorial), subtropical, temperate and polar climates.


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: It can be subdivided into specific latitudinal belts of approximately homogeneous climate.

Question: what the construction of it from the inside?

Answer: It is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties; crust, mantle, liquid outer core and solid inner core.

Explanation:
arth's interior, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties. The outer layer is a chemically distinct silicate solid crust, which is underlain by a highly viscous solid mantle. The crust is separated from the mantle by the Mohorovičić discontinuity. The thickness of the crust varies from about under the oceans to for the continents. The crust and the cold, rigid, top of the upper mantle are collectively known as the lithosphere, which is the region where tectonic plates are found.

Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, a relatively low-viscosity layer on which the lithosphere rides. Important changes in crystal structure within the mantle occur at below the surface, spanning a transition zone that separates the upper and lower mantle. Beneath the mantle, an extremely low viscosity liquid outer core lies above a solid inner core. Earth's inner core might rotate at a slightly higher angular velocity th

Earth [SEP] Internal structure

Earth's interior, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties. The outer layer is a chemically distinct silicate solid crust, which is underlain by a highly viscous solid mantle. The crust is separated from the mantle by the Mohorovičić discontinuity. The thickness of the crust varies from about under the oceans to for the continents. The crust and the cold, rigid, top of the upper mantle are collectively known as the lithosphere, which is the region where tectonic plates are found. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, a relatively low-viscosity layer on which the lithosphere rides.


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: what the construction of it from the inside?

Context: It is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties; crust, mantle, liquid outer core and solid inner core.

Question: how would you describe the exterior?

Answer: Of the total surface area of Earth, about 70% s below sea level and covered by ocean water.

Earth [SEP] Surface

The total surface area of Earth is about . Of this, 70.8%, or , is below sea level and covered by ocean water. Below the ocean's surface are much of the continental shelf, mountains, volcanoes, oceanic trenches, submarine canyons, oceanic plateaus, abyssal plains, and a globe-spanning mid-ocean ridge system. The remaining 29.2%, or , not covered by water has terrain that varies greatly from place to place and consists of mountains, deserts, plains, plateaus, and other landforms. Tectonics and erosion, volcanic eruptions, flooding, weathering, glaciation, the growth of coral reefs, and meteorite impacts are among the processes that constantly reshape Earth's surface over geological time.The continental crust consists of lower density material such as the igneous rocks granite and andesite.


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Of the total surface area of Earth, about 70% s below sea level and covered by ocean water.

Question: from the chemical mentioned above, what are the properties of the first one?

Answer: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Explanation: Below its Curie point of 770 °C, α-iron changes from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic: the spins of the two unpaired electrons in each atom generally align with the spins of its neighbors, creating an overall magnetic field. This happens because the orbitals of those tw

Iron [SEP] Magnetic properties

Thus a macroscopic piece of iron will have a nearly zero overall magnetic field. Application of an external magnetic field causes the domains that are magnetized in the same general direction to grow at the expense of adjacent ones that point in other directions, reinforcing the external field. This effect is exploited in devices that needs to channel magnetic fields, such as electrical transformers, magnetic recording heads, and electric motors. Impurities, lattice defects, or grain and particle boundaries can "pin" the domains in the new positions, so that the effect persists even after the external field is removed -- thus turning the iron object into a (permanent) magnet.


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: from the chemical mentioned above, what are the properties of the first one?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Question: at what rate does it liquify?

Answer: he melting point of iron is experimentally well defined for pressures less than 50 GPa.

Explanation: The melting point of iron is experimentally well defined for pressures less than 50 GPa. For

Iron [SEP] Melting and boiling points

For greater pressures, published data (as of 2007) still varies by tens of gigapascals and over a thousand kelvin.


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Context: at what rate does it liquify?

Context: he melting point of iron is experimentally well defined for pressures less than 50 GPa.

Question: is it an important element in the food humans eat?

Answer: Yes,

Iron [SEP] Diet

Iron is pervasive, but particularly rich sources of dietary iron include red meat, oysters, lentils, beans, poultry, fish, leaf vegetables, watercress, tofu, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, and blackstrap molasses. Bread and breakfast cereals are sometimes specifically fortified with iron. Iron provided by dietary supplements is often found as iron(II) fumarate, although iron(II) sulfate is cheaper and is absorbed equally well. Elemental iron, or reduced iron, despite being absorbed at only one-third to two-thirds the efficiency (relative to iron sulfate), is often added to foods such as breakfast cereals or enriched wheat flour. Iron is most available to the body when chelated to amino acids and is also available for use as a common iron supplement.


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Context: at what rate does it liquify?

Context: is it an important element in the food humans eat?

Context: Yes,

Question: what can happen if they have too much of it?

Answer: Iron overload disorders, known medically as hemochromatosis.

Explanation: mammals. In these people, excessive iron intake can result in iron overload disorders, known medically as hemochromatosis. Many people have an undiagnosed genetic susceptibility to iron overload, and are not aware of a family history of the problem. For this reason, people should not take iron supplements unless they suffer from iron d

Iron [SEP] Excess

The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) sets the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults at 45 mg/day. For children under fourteen years old the UL is 40 mg/day. The medical management of iron toxicity is complicated, and can include use of a specific chelating agent called deferoxamine to bind and expel excess iron from the body.


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Context: at what rate does it liquify?

Context: Yes,

Context: what can happen if they have too much of it?

Context: Iron overload disorders, known medically as hemochromatosis.

Question: what foods are they found in?

Answer: Red meat, oysters, lentils, beans, poultry, fish, leaf vegetables, watercress, tofu, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, and blackstrap molasses.

Iron [SEP] Diet


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Context: at what rate does it liquify?

Context: Yes,

Context: what foods are they found in?

Context: Red meat, oysters, lentils, beans, poultry, fish, leaf vegetables, watercress, tofu, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, and blackstrap molasses.

Question: what about the second chemical mentioned above, how was it discovered?

Answer: By heating mercuric oxide and various nitrates.

Oxygen [SEP] Discovery

This discovery of Sendivogius was however frequently denied by the generations of scientists and chemists which succeeded him. It is also commonly claimed that oxygen was first discovered by Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. He had produced oxygen gas by heating mercuric oxide and various nitrates in 1771–2. Scheele called the gas "fire air" because it was then the only known agent to support combustion. He wrote an account of this discovery in a manuscript titled "Treatise on Air and Fire", which he sent to his publisher in 1775. That document was published in 1777. In the meantime, on August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide (HgO) contained in a glass tube, which liberated a gas he named "dephlogisticated air".


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Context: at what rate does it liquify?

Context: Yes,

Context: what foods are they found in?

Context: what about the second chemical mentioned above, how was it discovered?

Context: By heating mercuric oxide and various nitrates.

Question: who discovered it?

Answer: Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Explanation: It is also commonly claimed that oxygen was first discovered by Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. H

Oxygen [SEP] Discovery


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Context: at what rate does it liquify?

Context: Yes,

Context: what foods are they found in?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Question: any other discoveries made by him?

Answer: Organic acids like - tartaric, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids.

Carl Wilhelm Scheele [SEP] Introduction

Carl Wilhelm Scheele (, ; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a German and Swedish Pomeranian pharmaceutical chemist. Isaac Asimov called him "hard-luck Scheele" because he made a number of chemical discoveries before others who are generally given the credit. For example, Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified molybdenum, tungsten, barium, hydrogen, and chlorine before Humphry Davy, among others. Scheele discovered organic acids tartaric, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids. He preferred speaking German to Swedish his whole life, as German was commonly spoken among Swedish pharmacists.


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Context: at what rate does it liquify?

Context: Yes,

Context: what foods are they found in?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Context: any other discoveries made by him?

Context: Organic acids like - tartaric, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids.

Question: how did he die?

Answer: Kidney disease and a disease of the skin.

Carl Wilhelm Scheele [SEP] Death

In the fall of 1785, Scheele began to suffer from symptoms described as kidney disease. In early 1786, he also contracted a disease of the skin, which, combined with kidney problems, so enfeebled him that he could foresee an early death. With this in mind, he married the widow of his predecessor, Pohl, two days before he died, so that he could pass undisputed title to his pharmacy and his possessions to her. While Scheele's experiments generated substances which have long since been found to be hazardous, the compounds and elements he used to start his experiments were dangerous to begin with, especially heavy metals.


Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Context: at what rate does it liquify?

Context: Yes,

Context: what foods are they found in?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Context: any other discoveries made by him?

Context: how did he die?

Context: Kidney disease and a disease of the skin.

Question: what is the design of the planet mentioned above?

Answer: The shape is nearly spherical with a small flattening at the poles and bulging around the equator.

Earth [SEP] Shape

The shape of Earth is nearly spherical. There is a small flattening at the poles and bulging around the equator due to Earth's rotation. To second order, Earth is approximately an oblate spheroid, whose equatorial diameter is larger than the pole-to-pole diameter, although the variation is less than 1% of the average radius of the Earth. The point on the surface farthest from Earth's center of mass is the summit of the equatorial Chimborazo volcano in Ecuador (). The average diameter of the reference spheroid is . Local topography deviates from this idealized spheroid, although on a global scale these deviations are small compared to Earth's radius: the maximum deviation of only 0.17% is at the Mariana Trench ( below local sea level), whereas Mount Everest ( above local sea level) represents a deviation of 0.14%.


Context: what is the chemical composition of the earth

Context: Iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, sulphur, nickel, calcium and aluminum to name a few.

Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: Its developed, via Middle English, from an Old English noun.

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: It can be subdivided into specific latitudinal belts of approximately homogeneous climate.

Context: what the construction of it from the inside?

Context: It is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties; crust, mantle, liquid outer core and solid inner core.

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Of the total surface area of Earth, about 70% s below sea level and covered by ocean water.

Context: from the chemical mentioned above, what are the properties of the first one?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Context: at what rate does it liquify?

Context: he melting point of iron is experimentally well defined for pressures less than 50 GPa.

Context: is it an important element in the food humans eat?

Context: Yes,

Context: what can happen if they have too much of it?

Context: Iron overload disorders, known medically as hemochromatosis.

Context: what foods are they found in?

Context: Red meat, oysters, lentils, beans, poultry, fish, leaf vegetables, watercress, tofu, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, and blackstrap molasses.

Context: what about the second chemical mentioned above, how was it discovered?

Context: By heating mercuric oxide and various nitrates.

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Context: any other discoveries made by him?

Context: Organic acids like - tartaric, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids.

Context: how did he die?

Context: Kidney disease and a disease of the skin.

Context: what is the design of the planet mentioned above?

Context: The shape is nearly spherical with a small flattening at the poles and bulging around the equator.

Question: whats the name of its satellite?

Answer: The largest artificial satellite is the International Space Station.

Earth [SEP] Asteroids and artificial satellites

Earth has at least five co-orbital asteroids, including 3753 Cruithne and . A trojan asteroid companion, , is librating around the leading Lagrange triangular point, L4, in Earth's orbit around the Sun. The tiny near-Earth asteroid makes close approaches to the Earth–Moon system roughly every twenty years. During these approaches, it can orbit Earth for brief periods of time. , there are 2,666 operational, human-made satellites orbiting Earth. There are also inoperative satellites, including Vanguard 1, the oldest satellite currently in orbit, and over 16,000 pieces of tracked space debris. Earth's largest artificial satellite is the International Space Station.


Context: what is the chemical composition of the earth

Context: Iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, sulphur, nickel, calcium and aluminum to name a few.

Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: Its developed, via Middle English, from an Old English noun.

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: It can be subdivided into specific latitudinal belts of approximately homogeneous climate.

Context: what the construction of it from the inside?

Context: It is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties; crust, mantle, liquid outer core and solid inner core.

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Of the total surface area of Earth, about 70% s below sea level and covered by ocean water.

Context: from the chemical mentioned above, what are the properties of the first one?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Context: at what rate does it liquify?

Context: he melting point of iron is experimentally well defined for pressures less than 50 GPa.

Context: is it an important element in the food humans eat?

Context: Yes,

Context: what can happen if they have too much of it?

Context: Iron overload disorders, known medically as hemochromatosis.

Context: what foods are they found in?

Context: Red meat, oysters, lentils, beans, poultry, fish, leaf vegetables, watercress, tofu, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, and blackstrap molasses.

Context: what about the second chemical mentioned above, how was it discovered?

Context: By heating mercuric oxide and various nitrates.

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Context: any other discoveries made by him?

Context: Organic acids like - tartaric, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids.

Context: how did he die?

Context: Kidney disease and a disease of the skin.

Context: what is the design of the planet mentioned above?

Context: The shape is nearly spherical with a small flattening at the poles and bulging around the equator.

Context: whats the name of its satellite?

Context: The largest artificial satellite is the International Space Station.

Question: why is life possible on it?

Answer: Due to chemical reactions through the evolution of photosynthesis.

Earth [SEP] Origin of life and evolution

Chemical reactions led to the first self-replicating molecules about four billion years ago. A half billion years later, the last common ancestor of all current life arose. The evolution of photosynthesis allowed the Sun's energy to be harvested directly by life forms. The resultant molecular oxygen () accumulated in the atmosphere and due to interaction with ultraviolet solar radiation, formed a protective ozone layer () in the upper atmosphere. The incorporation of smaller cells within larger ones resulted in the development of complex cells called eukaryotes. True multicellular organisms formed as cells within colonies became increasingly specialized. Aided by the absorption of harmful ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer, life colonized Earth's surface.


Context: what is the chemical composition of the earth

Context: Iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, sulphur, nickel, calcium and aluminum to name a few.

Context: how did this place get its name?

Context: Its developed, via Middle English, from an Old English noun.

Context: what is the climatic conditions on it?

Context: It can be subdivided into specific latitudinal belts of approximately homogeneous climate.

Context: what the construction of it from the inside?

Context: It is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties; crust, mantle, liquid outer core and solid inner core.

Context: how would you describe the exterior?

Context: Of the total surface area of Earth, about 70% s below sea level and covered by ocean water.

Context: from the chemical mentioned above, what are the properties of the first one?

Context: Magnetic and mechanical properties.

Context: at what rate does it liquify?

Context: he melting point of iron is experimentally well defined for pressures less than 50 GPa.

Context: is it an important element in the food humans eat?

Context: Yes,

Context: what can happen if they have too much of it?

Context: Iron overload disorders, known medically as hemochromatosis.

Context: what foods are they found in?

Context: Red meat, oysters, lentils, beans, poultry, fish, leaf vegetables, watercress, tofu, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, and blackstrap molasses.

Context: what about the second chemical mentioned above, how was it discovered?

Context: By heating mercuric oxide and various nitrates.

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Context: any other discoveries made by him?

Context: Organic acids like - tartaric, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids.

Context: how did he die?

Context: Kidney disease and a disease of the skin.

Context: what is the design of the planet mentioned above?

Context: The shape is nearly spherical with a small flattening at the poles and bulging around the equator.

Context: whats the name of its satellite?

Context: The largest artificial satellite is the International Space Station.

Context: why is life possible on it?

Context: Due to chemical reactions through the evolution of photosynthesis.

Question: what is the meaning of the term you just mentioned?

Answer: It is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.

Photosynthesis [SEP] Introduction

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name "photosynthesis", from the Greek "phōs" (), "light", and "sunthesis" (), "putting together". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and supplies most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.


Question: where did the shark in jaws 2 come from

Answer: The Cable Junction Island which was drifting towards Cuba

Explanation: the Cable Junction Island

Jaws 2 [SEP] Location

Universal rented 100 of the hotel's 200 rooms, spending $1 million. The Holiday Inn was destroyed in the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Boats and parts for their maintenance were purchased from local businesses. One proprietor said that he sold "Universal approximately $400,000 worth of boats and equipment". On one occasion, the Cable Junction Island set, which was built on a barge, broke loose from its anchorage and had to be rescued. Szwarc was contacted one night and told that his island was drifting towards Cuba. Real hammerhead sharks circled the teen actors during the filming of one shot. Because the characters they were playing were meant to be in distress, the crew (filming from a distance) did not realize that the actors were genuinely calling for help.


Context: where did the shark in jaws 2 come from

Context: The Cable Junction Island which was drifting towards Cuba

Question: what is the movie about ?

Answer: It concerns Chief Brody suspecting another great white shark is terrorizing the fictional sea side resort of Amity Island, following a series of incidents and disappearances, and his suspicions are eventually proven true.

Explanation: Chief Brody suspecting another great white shark is terrorizing the fictional sea side resort of Amity Island, following a series of incidents and disappearances, and his suspicions are eventually proven true.

Jaws 2 [SEP] Introduction

Although "Jaws 2" received mixed reviews, it is generally considered to be the best of the three "Jaws" sequels. The film was followed by "Jaws 3-D" in 1983 and "" in 1987.


Context: where did the shark in jaws 2 come from

Context: what is the movie about ?

Context: It concerns Chief Brody suspecting another great white shark is terrorizing the fictional sea side resort of Amity Island, following a series of incidents and disappearances, and his suspicions are eventually proven true.

Question: whoa are the actors in the movie ?

Answer: Roy Scheider, Lorraine Gary, Murray Hamilton etc

Explanation: Roy Scheider

Jaws 2 [SEP] Introduction

Jaws 2 is a 1978 American thriller film directed by Jeannot Szwarc and co-written by Carl Gottlieb. It is the sequel to Steven Spielberg's "Jaws", and the second installment in the "Jaws" franchise. The film stars Roy Scheider as Police Chief Martin Brody, with Lorraine Gary and Murray Hamilton reprising their respective roles as Martin's wife Ellen Brody and mayor Larry Vaughn. It also stars Joseph Mascolo, Jeffrey Kramer, Collin Wilcox, Ann Dusenberry, Mark Gruner, Susan French, Barry Coe, Donna Wilkes, and Gary Springer. The plot concerns Chief Brody suspecting another great white shark is terrorizing the fictional sea side resort of Amity Island, following a series of incidents and disappearances, and his suspicions are eventually proven true.


Context: where did the shark in jaws 2 come from

Context: what is the movie about ?

Context: whoa are the actors in the movie ?

Context: Roy Scheider, Lorraine Gary, Murray Hamilton etc

Question: where was it shot ?

Answer: Martha's Vineyard, Emerald Coast and Navarre Beach in Florida.

Jaws 2 [SEP] Location

Martha's Vineyard was again used as the location for the town scenes and Emerald Coast was included on this film. Although some residents guarded their privacy, many islanders welcomed the money that the company was bringing. Shortly after the production arrived in June 1977, local newspaper the "Grapevine" wrote: Many residents enjoyed being cast as extras. Some people, however, were less pleased by the film crew's presence and refused to cooperate. Only one drugstore allowed its windows to be boarded up for the moody look that Hancock wanted. "Universal Go Home" T-shirts began appearing on the streets in mid-June 1977.


Context: where did the shark in jaws 2 come from

Context: what is the movie about ?

Context: whoa are the actors in the movie ?

Context: where was it shot ?

Context: Martha's Vineyard, Emerald Coast and Navarre Beach in Florida.

Question: how was its critical response ?

Answer: It received mixed reviews.

Explanation: received mixed reviews

Jaws 2 [SEP] Introduction


Context: where did the shark in jaws 2 come from

Context: what is the movie about ?

Context: whoa are the actors in the movie ?

Context: where was it shot ?

Context: how was its critical response ?

Context: It received mixed reviews.

Question: the first actor mentioned above was he enlisted in the military ?

Answer: Yes, he served three years in the United States Air Force as a first lieutenant in Air Operations.

Roy Scheider [SEP] Military service

Scheider served three years in the United States Air Force as a first lieutenant in Air Operations from 1955 to 1958. He then became a reservist captain in the Air Force Reserve Command until 1964.


Context: where did the shark in jaws 2 come from

Context: what is the movie about ?

Context: whoa are the actors in the movie ?

Context: where was it shot ?

Context: how was its critical response ?

Context: It received mixed reviews.

Context: the first actor mentioned above was he enlisted in the military ?

Context: Yes, he served three years in the United States Air Force as a first lieutenant in Air Operations.

Question: was he involved in any sports ?

Answer: Yes, boxing

Explanation: boxing

Roy Scheider [SEP] Amateur boxing

Between 1946 and 1949, Scheider boxed as an amateur in New Jersey. Scheider said in a television interview in the 1980s that he took up boxing to lose weight. He said he had no desire to fight, but that his trainer, Georgie Ward, encouraged him to compete. In his second bout, at the 1946 Diamond Gloves Tournament (Golden Gloves), Scheider suffered a broken nose and lost by technical knockout in two rounds to Myron Greenberg. He went on, however, to post an 8–1 (six knockouts) record, reversing the defeat to Greenberg in the process.


Context: where did the shark in jaws 2 come from

Context: what is the movie about ?

Context: whoa are the actors in the movie ?

Context: where was it shot ?

Context: how was its critical response ?

Context: It received mixed reviews.

Context: was he involved in any sports ?

Context: Yes, boxing

Question: talk about his other movies in which he acted ?

Answer: The Seven-Ups

Explanation: The Seven-Ups

Roy Scheider [SEP] Stardom

Scheider's first starring role came in "The Seven-Ups" (1973), a quasifollow-up to "The French Connection", in which Scheider's character is once again based on Grosso. He was second-billed in "Sheila Levine Is Dead and Living in New York" (1975). Scheider portrayed Chief Martin Brody in the Hollywood blockbuster "Jaws" (1975), which also starred Robert Shaw and Richard Dreyfuss. Scheider's ad-libbed line, "You're gonna need a bigger boat" was voted 35th on the American Film Institute's list of best movie quotes.


Context: where did the shark in jaws 2 come from

Context: what is the movie about ?

Context: whoa are the actors in the movie ?

Context: where was it shot ?

Context: how was its critical response ?

Context: It received mixed reviews.

Context: was he involved in any sports ?

Context: Yes, boxing

Context: talk about his other movies in which he acted ?

Context: The Seven-Ups

Question: when was it released ?

Answer: 1973

Roy Scheider [SEP] Stardom


Context: where did the shark in jaws 2 come from

Context: what is the movie about ?

Context: whoa are the actors in the movie ?

Context: where was it shot ?

Context: how was its critical response ?

Context: It received mixed reviews.

Context: was he involved in any sports ?

Context: Yes, boxing

Context: The Seven-Ups

Context: when was it released ?

Question: what is the movie about ?

Answer: It is about crusading policeman who is the leader of the Seven-Ups, a squad of plainclothes officers who use dirty, unorthodox tactics to snare their quarry on charges leading to prison sentences of seven years or more upon prosecution, hence the name of the team.

The Seven-Ups [SEP] Introduction

The Seven-Ups is a 1973 American mystery action film produced and directed by Philip D'Antoni. It stars Roy Scheider as a crusading policeman who is the leader of the Seven-Ups, a squad of plainclothes officers who use dirty, unorthodox tactics to snare their quarry on charges leading to prison sentences of seven years or more upon prosecution, hence the name of the team. D'Antoni took his sole directing credit on this film. He was earlier responsible for producing the action thriller "Bullitt", followed by "The French Connection", which won him the 1971 Academy Award for Best Picture. All three feature a memorable car chase sequence.


Question: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Answer: The ability to deal with one's problems by "whipping it"

Whip It (Devo song) [SEP] Introduction

"Whip It" is a song by American rock band Devo from their third album "Freedom of Choice" (1980). It is a new wave and synth-pop song that features a synthesizer, electric guitar, bass guitar, and drums in its instrumentation. The apparently nonsensical lyrics have a common theme revolving around the ability to deal with one's problems by "whipping it". Co-written by bassist Gerald Casale and singer Mark Mothersbaugh, Devo recorded "Whip It" with producer Robert Margouleff at the Record Plant in Los Angeles. Although "Whip It" was released as the second single from "Freedom of Choice", Warner Bros. Records did not expect it to be a hit, due to its nonstandard tempo and strange lyrics.


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: The ability to deal with one's problems by "whipping it"

Question: who sang the song?

Answer: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Explanation: "Whip It" is a song by American rock band Devo

Whip It (Devo song) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Question: when was it released?

Answer: 1980

Explanation: "Whip It" is a song by American rock band Devo from their third album "Freedom of Choice" (1980).

Whip It (Devo song) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Question: what are the names of the band members?

Answer: The band  consisted of two sets of brothers, the Mothersbaughs (Mark and Bob) and the Casales (Gerald and Bob), along with Alan Myers

Devo [SEP] Introduction

Devo (, originally ) is an American rock band from Akron, Ohio, formed in 1973. Their classic lineup consisted of two sets of brothers, the Mothersbaughs (Mark and Bob) and the Casales (Gerald and Bob), along with Alan Myers. The band had a No. 14 "Billboard" chart hit in 1980 with the single "Whip It", the song that gave the band mainstream popularity. Devo is known for their music and stage shows mingling kitsch science fiction themes, deadpan surrealist humor and mordantly satirical social commentary. Their early, pre-Warner Bros. dissonant songs use synthetic instrumentation and time signatures proven influential on subsequent popular music, particularly new wave, industrial, and alternative rock artists.


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: The band  consisted of two sets of brothers, the Mothersbaughs (Mark and Bob) and the Casales (Gerald and Bob), along with Alan Myers

Question: when was the band formed?

Answer: 1973

Explanation: Devo (, originally ) is an American rock band from Akron, Ohio, formed in 1973

Devo [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: when was the band formed?

Question: which was their debut album?

Answer: "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!"

Devo [SEP] 1978–1980: Recording contract, "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!", and "Duty Now for the Future"

Recommendations from David Bowie and Iggy Pop enabled Devo to secure a recording contract with Warner Bros. in 1978. After Bowie backed out of the business deal due to previous commitments, their first album, "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!" was produced by Brian Eno and featured re-recordings of their previous singles "Mongoloid" and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction". On October 14, 1978, Devo gained national exposure with an appearance on the late-night show "Saturday Night Live", a week after the Rolling Stones, performing "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" and "Jocko Homo". After the band achieved this success, co-founder Bob Lewis asked for accreditation and compensation in 1978 for his contributions to the band.


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!"

Question: which recording company signed them?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!"

Context: which recording company signed them?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how was the aforementioned song received by the audience?

Answer: "Whip It" debuted at number eighty-five on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 , it spent twenty-five weeks on the chart, peaked at number fourteen

Whip It (Devo song) [SEP] Release and reception

Within a week, "Whip It" had become so popular that Devo was forced to temporarily stop its tour to book larger venues because the concerts were selling out too quickly. "Whip It" debuted at number eighty-five on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 on August 30, 1980. It spent twenty-five weeks on the chart, peaked at number fourteen on November 15, 1980, and finished the year at number ninety-four on the "Billboard" Year-End singles chart for 1981. In the U.S., the song also reached number thirteen on the "Cash Box" Top 100, number fourteen on the Hot Dance Club Play chart, and number seventeen on the "Record World" Singles chart.


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!"

Context: which recording company signed them?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how was the aforementioned song received by the audience?

Context: "Whip It" debuted at number eighty-five on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 , it spent twenty-five weeks on the chart, peaked at number fourteen

Question: was the song used in any media?

Answer: Yes, it has been featured in several television episodes of "The Simpsons", "Family Guy", and "Stranger Things"

Whip It (Devo song) [SEP] Covers and media use

According to David Chiu of "PopMatters", "Whip It" had transcended popular culture because it has been featured in several television episodes of "The Simpsons", "Family Guy", and "Stranger Things". It has also been featured in television advertisements for brands including Bonds, Gateway, and Swiffer. In the Swiffer commercial, a middle-aged woman performs robotic dance moves while cleaning her house. The commercial uses a slightly altered version of the song, replacing the lyrics "whip it good" with "swiffer's good". Devo agreed to perform the song for the commercial because they found it to be absurd. Mothersbaugh stated that performing in the commercial "is coming full circle, to be commenting on a conspicuous, consumptive culture...


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!"

Context: which recording company signed them?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the song used in any media?

Context: Yes, it has been featured in several television episodes of "The Simpsons", "Family Guy", and "Stranger Things"

Question: what is the last mentioned television series about?

Answer: Stranger Things is an American science fiction horror streaming television series

Stranger Things [SEP] Introduction

Stranger Things is an American science fiction horror streaming television series created by the Duffer Brothers and released on Netflix. The twins serve as showrunners and are executive producers along with Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen. The series premiered on Netflix on July 15, 2016. Set in the 1980s in the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana, the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy amid supernatural events occurring around the town, including the appearance of a girl with psychokinetic abilities. The series stars an ensemble cast including Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Noah Schnapp, Sadie Sink, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Joe Keery, Cara Buono and Dacre Montgomery.


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!"

Context: which recording company signed them?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the song used in any media?

Context: what is the last mentioned television series about?

Context: Stranger Things is an American science fiction horror streaming television series

Question: who are the cast?

Answer: Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Noah Schnapp to name a few

Explanation: The series stars an ensemble cast including Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Noah Schnapp, Sadie Sink, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Joe Keery, Cara Buono and Dacre Montgomery.

Stranger Things [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!"

Context: which recording company signed them?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the song used in any media?

Context: who are the cast?

Context: Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Noah Schnapp to name a few

Question: who is winona?

Answer: She is an American actress

Winona Ryder [SEP] Introduction

Winona Laura Horowitz (born October 29, 1971), known professionally as Winona Ryder, is an American actress. She is the recipient of several awards, including a Golden Globe Award and has been nominated for two Academy Awards. After Ryder's film debut in "Lucas" (1986), she gained attention with her performance in Tim Burton's "Beetlejuice" (1988). She further rose to prominence with major roles in "Heathers" (1988), "Mermaids" (1990), "Edward Scissorhands" (1990), and "Bram Stoker's Dracula" (1992). She garnered critical acclaim and two consecutive Academy Award nominations for her portrayals of socialite May Welland in Martin Scorsese's "The Age of Innocence" (1993) and Jo March in the film adaptation of "Little Women" (1994).


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!"

Context: which recording company signed them?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the song used in any media?

Context: who are the cast?

Context: who is winona?

Context: She is an American actress

Question: which was her debut movie?

Answer: "Lucas"

Explanation: After Ryder's film debut in "Lucas" (1986),

Winona Ryder [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!"

Context: which recording company signed them?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the song used in any media?

Context: who are the cast?

Context: who is winona?

Context: She is an American actress

Context: which was her debut movie?

Context: "Lucas"

Question: why was she arrested?

Answer: Because of shoplifting charges

Winona Ryder [SEP] 2001 arrest

On December 12, 2001, Ryder was arrested on shoplifting charges in Beverly Hills, California, accused of stealing $5,500 worth of designer clothes and accessories at a Saks Fifth Avenue department store. She signed two civil demands in the security offices of the store, before she was arrested by the Los Angeles Police Department, binding her to pay for the stolen and surrendered merchandise, as permitted under California's Statute for Civil Recovery for Shoplifting. Los Angeles District Attorney Stephen Cooley produced a team of eight prosecutors and filed four felony charges against her. Ryder hired noted celebrity defense attorney Mark Geragos.


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!"

Context: which recording company signed them?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the song used in any media?

Context: who are the cast?

Context: who is winona?

Context: She is an American actress

Context: which was her debut movie?

Context: "Lucas"

Context: why was she arrested?

Context: Because of shoplifting charges

Question: what kind of social service activity is she involved in?

Answer: American Indian College Fund

Explanation: Ryder has been involved in philanthropic work for the American Indian College Fund since her 20s, which sends low income Native Americans to universities.

Winona Ryder [SEP] Philanthropic work


Context: what is the meaning of the song whip it

Context: who sang the song?

Context: It is a song by American rock band Devo

Context: when was it released?

Context: what are the names of the band members?

Context: when was the band formed?

Context: which was their debut album?

Context: "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!"

Context: which recording company signed them?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the song used in any media?

Context: who are the cast?

Context: who is winona?

Context: She is an American actress

Context: which was her debut movie?

Context: "Lucas"

Context: why was she arrested?

Context: Because of shoplifting charges

Context: what kind of social service activity is she involved in?

Context: American Indian College Fund

Question: what is this fund?

Answer: It  is a nonprofit organization that helps Native American students, providing them with support through scholarships and funding toward higher education

American Indian College Fund [SEP] Introduction

The American Indian College Fund is a nonprofit organization that helps Native American students, providing them with support through scholarships and funding toward higher education. The Fund provides an average of 6,000 annual scholarships for American Indian students and also provides support for other needs at the tribal colleges ranging from capital support to cultural preservation activities. Charity Navigator gave the College Fund an overall rating of 88.36 out of 100.


Question: is london st pancras international the same as kings cross

Answer: No, they both are different stations.

St Pancras railway station [SEP] Introduction

By the 1960s, St Pancras was surplus to requirements and services were diverted to King's Cross and but there was fierce opposition to its proposed closure and demolition of the station and hotel. In the late 20th century, it became the terminal for the Channel Tunnel Rail Link as part of an urban regeneration plan across East London. The complex underwent an £800 million refurbishment which was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in November 2007. A security-sealed terminal area was constructed for Eurostar services to mainland Europe via High Speed 1 and the Channel Tunnel, with platforms for domestic trains to the north and south-east of England.


Context: is london st pancras international the same as kings cross

Context: No, they both are different stations.

Question: where is the main station located?

Answer: It is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden.

St Pancras railway station (), also known as London St Pancras and officially since 2007 as St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from London to Belgium, France and the Netherlands. It provides East Midlands Railway services to , , and on the Midland Main Line, Southeastern high-speed trains to Kent via and , and Thameslink cross-London services to Bedford, Peterborough, Brighton and Gatwick Airport. It stands between the British Library, the Regent's Canal and King's Cross railway station, with which it shares a London Underground station, .


Context: No, they both are different stations.

Context: where is the main station located?

Context: It is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden.

Question: when was it constructed?

Answer: 1 October 1868

Explanation: Following the station's opening on 1 October 1868, the MR constructed the Midland Grand Hotel on the station's façade, which has been widely praised for its architecture and is now a Grade I listed building along with the rest of the station.


Context: No, they both are different stations.

Context: where is the main station located?

Context: when was it constructed?

Context: 1 October 1868

Question: has there been any mention about it's designing specialty?

Answer: Yes, it was constructed with a single-span iron roof.

The station was constructed by the Midland Railway (MR), which had an extensive network across the Midlands and the North of England, but no dedicated line into London. After rail traffic problems following the 1862 International Exhibition, the MR decided to build a connection from Bedford to London with their own terminus. The station was designed by William Henry Barlow and constructed with a single-span iron roof. Following the station's opening on 1 October 1868, the MR constructed the Midland Grand Hotel on the station's façade, which has been widely praised for its architecture and is now a Grade I listed building along with the rest of the station.


Context: No, they both are different stations.

Context: where is the main station located?

Context: when was it constructed?

Context: 1 October 1868

Context: has there been any mention about it's designing specialty?

Context: Yes, it was constructed with a single-span iron roof.

Question: and who constructed the structure?

Answer: William Henry Barlow


Context: No, they both are different stations.

Context: where is the main station located?

Context: when was it constructed?

Context: 1 October 1868

Context: and who constructed the structure?

Context: William Henry Barlow

Question: where did he complete his studies?

Answer: He went on to a pupillage at the machinery department of the Royal Navy's Woolwich Dockyard.

William Henry Barlow [SEP] Early life and education

Barlow was born on 10 May 1812 in Woolwich, Kent (now in south-east London), the son of mathematician and physicist Professor Peter Barlow, who taught at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich. William Barlow was the younger brother of Peter William Barlow. After a private education, Barlow began to study civil engineering with his father at the age of sixteen. After a year he, went on to a pupillage at the machinery department of the Royal Navy's Woolwich Dockyard close to his family home. He then worked at the London Docks for Henry Robinson Palmer. Barlow married Selina Crawford Caffin in May 1842 at Charlton, Kent.


Context: No, they both are different stations.

Context: where is the main station located?

Context: when was it constructed?

Context: 1 October 1868

Context: and who constructed the structure?

Context: William Henry Barlow

Context: where did he complete his studies?

Context: He went on to a pupillage at the machinery department of the Royal Navy's Woolwich Dockyard.

Question: is there any early historical events related to the said dockyard?

Answer: In the 1570s the Crown established a naval Ropeyard in Woolwich, one of the largest in the world at the time.

Woolwich Dockyard [SEP] The Ropeyard

In the 1570s the Crown established a naval Ropeyard in Woolwich, one of the largest in the world at the time. Too long to fit within the confines of the Dockyard, its parallel sheds lay along the line of present-day Beresford Street. As first built it consisted of a 600 ft 'cable house' along with a series of sheds accommodating different parts of the rope-making process. In 1695–1697 the ropeyard was largely rebuilt, under the supervision of Edmund Dummer; by the end of the century it included a double-ropewalk, 1061ft long, a parallel single-ropewalk of similar length, a brick storehouse with a clock tower, houses for the yard's senior officers and various other buildings, all enclosed within a perimeter wall topped by watchtowers.


Context: No, they both are different stations.

Context: where is the main station located?

Context: when was it constructed?

Context: 1 October 1868

Context: and who constructed the structure?

Context: William Henry Barlow

Context: where did he complete his studies?

Context: is there any early historical events related to the said dockyard?

Context: In the 1570s the Crown established a naval Ropeyard in Woolwich, one of the largest in the world at the time.

Question: geographically where is the place where they established the ropeyard?

Answer: It is situated 13.7 km from Charing Cross.

Explanation: Woolwich is situated 13.7 km from Charing Cross.

Woolwich [SEP] Geography

Parts of the wards Glyndon and Shooter's Hill are often referred to as Woolwich, although this definition is not accepted by all. The nearest areas are Abbey Wood, Blackheath, Charlton, Eltham, Greenwich, Kidbrooke, Lewisham, North Woolwich, Plumstead, Shooter's Hill, Thamesmead, Welling and Well Hall.


Context: No, they both are different stations.

Context: where is the main station located?

Context: when was it constructed?

Context: 1 October 1868

Context: and who constructed the structure?

Context: William Henry Barlow

Context: where did he complete his studies?

Context: geographically where is the place where they established the ropeyard?

Context: It is situated 13.7 km from Charing Cross.

Question: where does the place above get it's name from?

Answer: Charing, is derived from the Old English word "cierring", referring to a bend in the River Thames. The addition of the name "Cross" to the hamlet's name originates from the Eleanor cross.

Explanation:
The name of the area, Charing, is derived from the Old English word "cierring", referring to a bend in the River Thames.

The addition of the name "Cross" to the hamlet's name originates from the Eleanor cross

Charing Cross [SEP] Location and etymology

A variant form found in the late fourteenth century is "Cherryngescrouche". The stone cross was the work of the medieval sculptor, Alexander of Abingdon. It was destroyed in 1647 on the orders of the purely Parliamentarian phase of the Long Parliament or Oliver Cromwell himself in the Civil War. A -high stone sculpture in front of Charing Cross railway station, erected in 1865, is a reimagining of the medieval cross, on a larger scale, more ornate, and not on the original site. It was designed by the architect E. M. Barry and carved by Thomas Earp of Lambeth out of Portland stone, Mansfield stone (a fine sandstone) and Aberdeen granite; and it stands a few hundred yards to the north-east of the original cross, on the Strand.


Context: No, they both are different stations.

Context: where is the main station located?

Context: when was it constructed?

Context: 1 October 1868

Context: and who constructed the structure?

Context: William Henry Barlow

Context: where did he complete his studies?

Context: where does the place above get it's name from?

Context: Charing, is derived from the Old English word "cierring", referring to a bend in the River Thames. The addition of the name "Cross" to the hamlet's name originates from the Eleanor cross.

Question: was this place involved in any war?

Answer: Yes, English Civil War.

Charing Cross [SEP] Civil war removal

The Eleanor Cross was pulled down, by order of Parliament, in 1647, at the time of the English Civil War, becoming the subject of a popular Royalist ballad: At the Restoration eight of the regicides were executed here, including the notable Fifth Monarchist, Colonel Thomas Harrison. A statue of Charles I was later erected on the site. This statue had been made in 1633 by Hubert Le Sueur, in the reign of Charles I, but in 1649 was ordered to be destroyed by Parliament. Subsequently, after being hidden by the man charged with destroying the statue, it resurfaced at the Restoration, and was erected here in 1675.


Question: what is the history of the british farthing?

Answer: A British coin worth a quarter of an old penny.

Explanation: The British farthing (derived from the Old English , a fourth part) was a British coin worth a quarter of an old penny ( of a pound sterling). It ceased to be struck after 1956 and was demonetised from 1 January 1961.

History of the British farthing [SEP] Introduction

The next farthings were the first struck by steam power, in 1799 by Matthew Boulton at his Soho Mint under licence. Boulton coined more in 1806, and the Royal Mint resumed production in 1821. The farthing was struck fairly regularly under George IV and William IV. By then it carried a scaled-down version of the penny's design, and would continue to mirror the penny and halfpenny until after 1936. Farthings were struck in most years of Queen Victoria's long reign. The coin continued to be issued in most years of the first half of the 20th century, and in 1937 it finally received its own reverse design, a wren.


Context: what is the history of the british farthing?

Context: A British coin worth a quarter of an old penny.

Question: when did it first come out?

Answer: 13th century.

History of the British farthing [SEP] Early issues (1714–1775)

The British farthing is a continuation of the farthing series begun in silver under the English king Henry III in the 13th century and first struck in copper in the early 17th century under James I of England. Britannia first appeared on the coin in 1672, under Charles II. Issuance of farthings had not been necessary during most of the reign of Queen Anne (1701–1714) due to a surplus of English farthings, which continued in circulation. But beginning in 1713, there was a shortage of copper coin (the halfpenny and farthing). The Royal Mint planned to issue farthings in 1714, but this was thwarted by the death of the Queen that year.


Context: when did it first come out?

Context: 13th century.

Question: where was it made?

Answer: England.

Explanation: The British farthing is a continuation of the farthing series begun in silver under the English king Henry III


Context: when did it first come out?

Context: 13th century.

Context: where was it made?

Context: England.

Question: what early issue did the coin have?

Answer: First struck in copper in the early 17th century.

Explanation: first struck in copper in the early 17th century under James I of England. Britannia first appeared on the coin in 1672, under Charles II.


Context: when did it first come out?

Context: 13th century.

Context: where was it made?

Context: England.

Context: what early issue did the coin have?

Context: First struck in copper in the early 17th century.

Question: who ruled during this period of time?

Answer: James I of England. Britannia

Explanation: first struck in copper in the early 17th century under James I of England.


Context: when did it first come out?

Context: 13th century.

Context: where was it made?

Context: England.

Context: what early issue did the coin have?

Context: who ruled during this period of time?

Context: James I of England. Britannia

Question: did he ever appear on the coin?

Answer: Yes, in 1672.

Explanation: first struck in copper in the early 17th century under James I of England. Britannia first appeared on the coin in 1672


Context: when did it first come out?

Context: 13th century.

Context: where was it made?

Context: England.

Context: what early issue did the coin have?

Context: who ruled during this period of time?

Context: James I of England. Britannia

Context: did he ever appear on the coin?

Context: Yes, in 1672.

Question: was the coin named after a place or person?

Answer: No, it was derived from the Anglo-Saxon "feorthing", a "fourthling" or "fourth part".

Farthing (English coin) [SEP] Introduction

A farthing (derived from the Anglo-Saxon "feorthing", a "fourthling" or "fourth part") was a coin of the Kingdom of England worth one quarter of a penny, of a pound sterling. Such coins were first minted in England in silver in the 13th century, and continued to be used until the Kingdom of England was merged into the new Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. Early farthings were silver, but surviving examples are rare. The first copper farthings were issued during the reign of King James I, who gave a licence for minting them to John Harington, 1st Baron Harington of Exton.


Context: when did it first come out?

Context: 13th century.

Context: where was it made?

Context: England.

Context: what early issue did the coin have?

Context: who ruled during this period of time?

Context: James I of England. Britannia

Context: did he ever appear on the coin?

Context: Yes, in 1672.

Context: was the coin named after a place or person?

Context: No, it was derived from the Anglo-Saxon "feorthing", a "fourthling" or "fourth part".

Question: was the coin renewed in any way?

Answer: In 1799, name of the denomination and the date on the same side as the monarch's head were added.

History of the British farthing [SEP] Soho and renewed regal issues (1799–1837)

The 1799 farthing broke new ground in two areas: the reverse was inscribed , the first time the name of a denomination had ever appeared on an English or British coin, and it was also the first British coin to have the date on the same side as the monarch's head. The inscription on the obverse became , and the reverse depicts a redesigned left-facing seated Britannia holding a spray and spear, with the inscription . In 1806–1807 a further 22.5 tons (23 tonnes) of copper was struck into farthings by Boulton, but the price of copper had risen again and the weight was less than the 1799 issue.


Context: when did it first come out?

Context: 13th century.

Context: where was it made?

Context: England.

Context: what early issue did the coin have?

Context: who ruled during this period of time?

Context: James I of England. Britannia

Context: did he ever appear on the coin?

Context: Yes, in 1672.

Context: was the coin renewed in any way?

Context: In 1799, name of the denomination and the date on the same side as the monarch's head were added.

Question: when did the victorian farthing start circulating?

Answer: 1838

History of the British farthing [SEP] Victorian farthings

Farthings bearing the portrait of Queen Victoria, by Wyon, were struck beginning in 1838; no change was made to the reverse other than substituting the abbreviation (Regina, or Queen) for (King), indicating there was now a reigning Queen. The farthing remained the same size it had been since 1826. From 1838, the farthing was struck every year of Victoria's long reign except 1870, 1871 and 1889 (the 1877 issue was only in proof and may have been made at a later date). The same obverse dies were used for the copper farthing and the sovereign and most likely were used for the gold coin first.


Context: when did it first come out?

Context: 13th century.

Context: where was it made?

Context: England.

Context: what early issue did the coin have?

Context: who ruled during this period of time?

Context: James I of England. Britannia

Context: did he ever appear on the coin?

Context: Yes, in 1672.

Context: was the coin renewed in any way?

Context: when did the victorian farthing start circulating?

Question: was the coin abolished?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Question: where can red wattlebird be found?

Answer: Southeast Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and southwest Western Australia

Red wattlebird [SEP] Introduction

The red wattlebird ("Anthochaera carunculata") is a passerine bird native to southern Australia. At in length, it is the second largest species of Australian honeyeater. It has mainly grey-brown plumage, with red eyes, distinctive pinkish-red wattles on either side of the neck, white streaks on the chest and a large bright yellow patch on the lower belly. The sexes are similar in plumage. Juveniles have less prominent wattles and browner eyes. John White described the red wattlebird in 1790. Three subspecies are recognized. The species is found in southeast Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and southwest Western Australia in open forest and woodlands, and is a common visitor to urban gardens and parks.


Context: where can red wattlebird be found?

Context: Southeast Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and southwest Western Australia

Question: who described it first?

Answer: John White

Red wattlebird [SEP] Taxonomy

The red wattlebird was first described as the wattled bee-eater by the Irish surgeon and naturalist John White in his "Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales", which was published in 1790. He wrote that it was the "size of a missel thrush, but much larger in proportion". The taxonomic descriptions in White's book are believed to have been written by the English naturalist George Shaw, who is generally credited as the author by subsequent authorities. The specific epithet, "carunculata", was introduced later in the same year by John Latham. The word is derived from "caruncula", Latin for 'a small piece of flesh'.


Context: where can red wattlebird be found?

Context: who described it first?

Context: John White

Question: what sort of habitat do they choose?

Answer: Open sclerophyll forest and woodland, generally dominated by eucalypts

Red wattlebird [SEP] Distribution and habitat

A mainly resident population on the Swan Coastal Plain near Perth is supplemented during winter by more arriving from inland areas. South of Perth, red wattlebirds are more locally nomadic, moving to new patches of blooming wildflowers. East of Perth in areas around Kellerberin, Kwolyin, and Nangeenan, the red wattlebird is present from late autumn to spring, breeding in August and September. Around Lake Grace, the red wattlebird is present year-round. Open sclerophyll forest and woodland, generally dominated by eucalypts, is the most common habitat of the species. It is more common in forests with ample shrubby or grassy understory.


Context: where can red wattlebird be found?

Context: who described it first?

Context: John White

Context: what sort of habitat do they choose?

Context: Open sclerophyll forest and woodland, generally dominated by eucalypts

Question: what do they feed on?

Answer: Nectar of yellow flower-heads of holly-leaved banksia , insects, other small creatures, berries and other fruit

Red wattlebird [SEP] Feeding

The red wattlebird seeks out yellow flower-heads of holly-leaved banksia ("Banksia ilicifolia"), which have much higher nectar content than the more mature red flower-heads. The species forages much more often in native than exotic plants, though the introduced coral tree ("Erythrina") is popular. In addition to nectar, it takes insects and other small creatures, usually by hawking, and it also feeds on berries and other fruit. A field study in the Mount Lofty Ranges found that it spent twice as much time feeding on nectar compared to insects. One field study found that red wattlebirds foraged for longer periods when nectar concentrations in flowers were low, and consumed fewer insects at this time.


Context: where can red wattlebird be found?

Context: who described it first?

Context: John White

Context: what sort of habitat do they choose?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Nectar of yellow flower-heads of holly-leaved banksia , insects, other small creatures, berries and other fruit

Question: name a few predators they are scared of?

Answer: Brown goshawk, black falcon, pied currawong, Australian raven, common brushtail possum, domestic cat and snakes

Red wattlebird [SEP] Predators and parasites

The nests of red wattlebirds are often parasitized by the pallid cuckoo ("Cacomantis pallidus"), and less commonly by the Pacific koel ("Eudynamys orientalis"). Nest predators include the brown goshawk ("Accipiter fasciatus"), black falcon ("Falco subniger"), pied currawong ("Strepera graculina"), Australian raven ("Corvus coronoides"), common brushtail possum ("Trichosurus vulpecula"), domestic cat, and snakes. "Isospora anthochaerae" is an Apicomplexan parasite that has been isolated from the red wattlebird in Western Australia, from oocytes collected from faecal samples. Species of bird louse that have been recorded on the red wattlebird include "Menacanthus" eurysternus, and members of the genera "Brueelia", "Myrsidea" and "Philopterus".


Context: where can red wattlebird be found?

Context: who described it first?

Context: John White

Context: what sort of habitat do they choose?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: name a few predators they are scared of?

Context: Brown goshawk, black falcon, pied currawong, Australian raven, common brushtail possum, domestic cat and snakes

Question: what do you know about the style of hunting of the second one?

Answer: It usually hunts alone but has also been observed hunting cooperatively in pairs and occasionally in larger numbers

Black falcon [SEP] Flight and hunting style

The species usually hunts alone but has also been observed hunting cooperatively in pairs and occasionally in larger numbers, when prey is abundant (specifically, when stubble fires yield an abundant prey source. Twelve birds were seen at one such fire near Gundagai, NSW. They have often been observed using contour hunting (over treetops), surprising and taking birds on the wing. The species preys upon and is sometimes the prey of other raptors.


Context: where can red wattlebird be found?

Context: who described it first?

Context: John White

Context: what sort of habitat do they choose?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what do you know about the style of hunting of the second one?

Context: It usually hunts alone but has also been observed hunting cooperatively in pairs and occasionally in larger numbers

Question: where is it native to?

Answer: Australia

Black falcon [SEP] Introduction

The black falcon ("Falco subniger") is a medium-large falcon that is endemic to Australia. It can be found in all mainland states and territories and yet is regarded as Australia's most under-studied falcon.


Context: where can red wattlebird be found?

Context: who described it first?

Context: John White

Context: what sort of habitat do they choose?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: where is it native to?

Context: Australia

Question: what other birds can we find there?

Answer: Emu and the kookaburra

Australia [SEP] Biodiversity

Feral cats may have been introduced in the 17th century by Dutch shipwrecks, and later in the 18th century by European settlers. They are now considered a major factor in the decline and extinction of many vulnerable and endangered native species. Australian forests are mostly made up of evergreen species, particularly eucalyptus trees in the less arid regions; wattles replace them as the dominant species in drier regions and deserts. Among well-known Australian animals are the monotremes (the platypus and echidna); a host of marsupials, including the kangaroo, koala, and wombat, and birds such as the emu and the kookaburra.


Context: where can red wattlebird be found?

Context: who described it first?

Context: John White

Context: what sort of habitat do they choose?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: where is it native to?

Context: Australia

Context: what other birds can we find there?

Context: Emu and the kookaburra

Question: how many states does it have in it?

Answer: Six

Explanation: Australia has six states

Australia [SEP] States and territories

Australia has six states—New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD), South Australia (SA), Tasmania (TAS), Victoria (VIC) and Western Australia (WA)—and two major mainland territories—the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Northern Territory (NT). In most respects, these two territories function as states, except that the Commonwealth Parliament has the power to modify or repeal any legislation passed by the territory parliaments. Under the constitution, the states essentially have plenary legislative power to legislate on any subject, whereas the Commonwealth (federal) Parliament may legislate only within the subject areas enumerated under section 51. For example, state parliaments have the power to legislate with respect to education, criminal law and state police, health, transport, and local government, but the Commonwealth Parliament does not have any specific power to legislate in these areas.


Context: where can red wattlebird be found?

Context: who described it first?

Context: John White

Context: what sort of habitat do they choose?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: where is it native to?

Context: Australia

Context: what other birds can we find there?

Context: Emu and the kookaburra

Context: how many states does it have in it?

Context: Six

Question: which is the most popular sport in the country?

Answer: Cricket and football

Australia [SEP] Sport and recreation

Cricket and football are the predominate sports in Australia during the summer and winter months, respectively. Australia is unique in that it has professional leagues for four football codes. Originating in Melbourne in the 1850s, Australian rules football is the most popular code in all states except New South Wales and Queensland, where rugby league holds sway, followed by rugby union. Soccer, while ranked fourth in popularity and resources, has the highest overall participation rates. Cricket is popular across all borders and has been regarded by many Australians as the national sport. The Australian national cricket team competed against England in the first Test match (1877) and the first One Day International (1971), and against New Zealand in the first Twenty20 International (2004), winning all three games.


Context: where can red wattlebird be found?

Context: who described it first?

Context: John White

Context: what sort of habitat do they choose?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: where is it native to?

Context: Australia

Context: what other birds can we find there?

Context: Emu and the kookaburra

Context: how many states does it have in it?

Context: Six

Context: which is the most popular sport in the country?

Context: Cricket and football

Question: where did the former originate from?

Answer: South East England

Cricket [SEP] Introduction

The earliest reference to cricket is in South East England in the mid-16th century. It spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, with the first international matches in the second half of the 19th century. The game's governing body is the International Cricket Council (ICC), which has over 100 members, twelve of which are full members who play Test matches. The game's rules, the Laws of Cricket, are maintained by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London. The sport is followed primarily in the Indian subcontinent, Australasia, the United Kingdom, southern Africa and the West Indies. Women's cricket, which is organised and played separately, has also achieved international standard.