Context: Earthworms and Snails

Context: what is a habitat?

Context: how many different types are there?

Context: and what about the second type?

Context: are there microhabitats?

Context: how does the first animal that lives in the soil move?

Context: They crawl faster primarily by taking longer "strides" and a greater frequency of strides.

Question: what kind of regeneration abilities does it have?

Answer: They have the ability to regenerate lost segments, but this ability varies between species and depends on the extent of the damage.

Earthworm [SEP] Regeneration

Earthworms have the ability to regenerate lost segments, but this ability varies between species and depends on the extent of the damage. Stephenson (1930) devoted a chapter of his monograph to this topic, while G.E. Gates spent 20 years studying regeneration in a variety of species, but "because little interest was shown", Gates (1972) published only a few of his findings that, nevertheless, show it is theoretically possible to grow two whole worms from a bisected specimen in certain species. Gates's reports included: An unidentified Tasmanian earthworm shown growing a replacement head has been reported.


Context: name two small animals that have their homes in the soil

Context: Earthworms and Snails

Context: what is a habitat?

Context: It is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives.

Context: how are environmental factors related to it?

Context: Animal communities are reliant on specific types of plant communities.

Context: how many different types are there?

Context: Terrestrial habitat, Freshwater habitats, Marine habitats, deserts which favours the presence of amphibians etc

Context: can you please give an example of the environmental factors that you mentioned

Context: Terrestrial habitat types include forests, grasslands, wetlands and deserts, Freshwater include rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, marshes etc, Marine include brackish water, estuaries, bays, the open sea, the intertidal zone and further variations include rock pools, sand banks, mudflats etc.

Context: and what about the second type?

Context: They  include rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, marshes and bogs.

Context: are there microhabitats?

Context: Yes, every habitat includes large numbers of microhabitats.

Context: what kind of regeneration abilities does it have?

Context: They have the ability to regenerate lost segments, but this ability varies between species and depends on the extent of the damage.

Question: what economic impact does it have?

Answer: They are used in vermiculture, the practice of feeding organic waste to earthworms to decompose food waste.

Earthworm [SEP] Economic impact

Various species of worms are used in vermiculture, the practice of feeding organic waste to earthworms to decompose food waste. These are usually "Eisenia fetida" (or its close relative "Eisenia andrei") or the Brandling worm, commonly known as the tiger worm or red wiggler. They are distinct from soil-dwelling earthworms. In the tropics, the African nightcrawler "Eudrilus eugeniae" and the Indian blue "Perionyx excavatus" are used. Earthworms are sold all over the world; the market is sizable. According to Doug Collicut, "In 1980, 370 million worms were exported from Canada, with a Canadian export value of $13 million and an American retail value of $54 million." Earthworms provide an excellent source of protein for fish, fowl and pigs but were also used traditionally for human consumption.


Context: Earthworms and Snails

Context: what is a habitat?

Context: how many different types are there?

Context: and what about the second type?

Context: are there microhabitats?

Context: what economic impact does it have?

Context: They are used in vermiculture, the practice of feeding organic waste to earthworms to decompose food waste.

Question: has it ever been considered as an invasive species?

Answer: From a total of around 7,000 species, only about 150 species are widely distributed around the world.

Earthworm [SEP] As an invasive species

From a total of around 7,000 species, only about 150 species are widely distributed around the world. These are the peregrine or cosmopolitan earthworms.


Context: Earthworms and Snails

Context: what is a habitat?

Context: how many different types are there?

Context: and what about the second type?

Context: are there microhabitats?

Context: what economic impact does it have?

Context: has it ever been considered as an invasive species?

Context: From a total of around 7,000 species, only about 150 species are widely distributed around the world.

Question: what kind of nervous system does it have?

Answer: Central nervous system

Explanation: CNS

Earthworm [SEP] Central nervous system

The CNS consists of a bilobed brain (cerebral ganglia, or supra-pharyngeal ganglion), sub-pharyngeal ganglia, circum-pharyngeal connectives and a ventral nerve cord. Earthworms' brains consist of a pair of pear-shaped cerebral ganglia. These are located in the dorsal side of the alimentary canal in the third segment, in a groove between the buccal cavity and pharynx. A pair of circum-pharyngeal connectives from the brain encircle the pharynx and then connect with a pair of sub-pharyngeal ganglia located below the pharynx in the fourth segment. This arrangement means the brain, sub-pharyngeal ganglia and the circum-pharyngeal connectives form a nerve ring around the pharynx.


Context: Earthworms and Snails

Context: what is a habitat?

Context: how many different types are there?

Context: and what about the second type?

Context: are there microhabitats?

Context: what economic impact does it have?

Context: what kind of nervous system does it have?

Context: Central nervous system

Question: do they have sense organs?

Answer: Yes, Epidermal receptors

Explanation: receptor cells

Earthworm [SEP] Epidermal receptor (Sense organ)

These receptors are abundant and distributed all over the epidermis. Each receptor shows a slightly elevated cuticle which covers a group of tall, slender and columnar receptor cells. These cells bear small hairlike processes at their outer ends and their inner ends are connected with nerve fibres. The epidermal receptors are tactile in function. They are also concerned with changes in temperature and respond to chemical stimuli. Earthworms are extremely sensitive to touch and mechanical vibration.


Context: Earthworms and Snails

Context: what is a habitat?

Context: how many different types are there?

Context: and what about the second type?

Context: are there microhabitats?

Context: how does the first animal that lives in the soil move?

Context: They crawl faster primarily by taking longer "strides" and a greater frequency of strides.

Context: what economic impact does it have?

Context: Central nervous system

Context: do they have sense organs?

Context: Yes, Epidermal receptors

Question: what are these?

Answer: They are sense organs distributed all over the epidermis of an Earthworm which contains columnar receptor cells.

Explanation: are abundant and distributed all over the epidermis


Context: name two small animals that have their homes in the soil

Context: Earthworms and Snails

Context: what is a habitat?

Context: It is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives.

Context: how are environmental factors related to it?

Context: Animal communities are reliant on specific types of plant communities.

Context: how many different types are there?

Context: Terrestrial habitat, Freshwater habitats, Marine habitats, deserts which favours the presence of amphibians etc

Context: can you please give an example of the environmental factors that you mentioned

Context: Terrestrial habitat types include forests, grasslands, wetlands and deserts, Freshwater include rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, marshes etc, Marine include brackish water, estuaries, bays, the open sea, the intertidal zone and further variations include rock pools, sand banks, mudflats etc.

Context: and what about the second type?

Context: They  include rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, marshes and bogs.

Context: are there microhabitats?

Context: Yes, every habitat includes large numbers of microhabitats.

Context: what kind of regeneration abilities does it have?

Context: They have the ability to regenerate lost segments, but this ability varies between species and depends on the extent of the damage.

Context: what economic impact does it have?

Context: They are used in vermiculture, the practice of feeding organic waste to earthworms to decompose food waste.

Context: has it ever been considered as an invasive species?

Context: From a total of around 7,000 species, only about 150 species are widely distributed around the world.

Context: what kind of nervous system does it have?

Context: Central nervous system

Context: do they have sense organs?

Context: Yes, Epidermal receptors

Context: what are these?

Context: They are sense organs distributed all over the epidermis of an Earthworm which contains columnar receptor cells.

Question: what is meant by extreme habitats?

Answer: Organisms, most of them microbes, managing to colonise extreme environments that are unsuitable for more complex life forms.

Habitat [SEP] Extreme habitats

Although the vast majority of life on Earth lives in mesophyllic (moderate) environments, a few organisms, most of them microbes, have managed to colonise extreme environments that are unsuitable for more complex life forms. There are bacteria, for example, living in Lake Whillans, half a mile below the ice of Antarctica; in the absence of sunlight, they must rely on organic material from elsewhere, perhaps decaying matter from glacier melt water or minerals from the underlying rock. Other bacteria can be found in abundance in the Mariana Trench, the deepest place in the ocean and on Earth; marine snow drifts down from the surface layers of the sea and accumulates in this undersea valley, providing nourishment for an extensive community of bacteria.


Context: Earthworms and Snails

Context: what is a habitat?

Context: how many different types are there?

Context: and what about the second type?

Context: are there microhabitats?

Context: how does the first animal that lives in the soil move?

Context: They crawl faster primarily by taking longer "strides" and a greater frequency of strides.

Context: what economic impact does it have?

Context: Central nervous system

Context: do they have sense organs?

Context: Yes, Epidermal receptors

Context: what are these?

Context: what is meant by extreme habitats?

Context: Organisms, most of them microbes, managing to colonise extreme environments that are unsuitable for more complex life forms.

Question: why would an animal need an habitat?

Answer: To find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction.

Habitat [SEP] Introduction

In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives. A species's habitat is those places where the species can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction. It is characterized by both physical and biological features. The physical factors may include (for example): soil, moisture, range of temperature, and light intensity. Biotic factors will include the availability of food and the presence or absence of predators. Every organism has certain habitat needs for the conditions in which it will thrive, but some are tolerant of wide variations while others are very specific in their requirements.


Question: who is miranda from devil wears prada based on

Answer: Anna Wintour

Anna Wintour [SEP] Introduction

A former personal assistant, Lauren Weisberger, wrote the 2003 bestselling "roman à clef" "The Devil Wears Prada", later made into a successful 2006 film starring Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly, a fashion editor, believed to be based on Wintour. In 2009, she was the focus of another film, R. J. Cutler's documentary "The September Issue".


Context: who is miranda from devil wears prada based on

Context: Anna Wintour

Question: who is she?

Answer: She is a British-American journalist and editor.

Anna Wintour [SEP] Introduction

Dame Anna Wintour (; born 3 November 1949) is a British-American journalist and editor who has been editor-in-chief of "Vogue" since 1988 and artistic director for Condé Nast, "Vogue"s publisher, since 2013. With her trademark pageboy bob haircut and dark sunglasses, Wintour has become an important figure in much of the fashion world, widely praised for her eye for fashion trends and her support for younger designers. Her reportedly aloof and demanding personality has earned her the nickname "Nuclear Wintour". Her father, Charles Wintour, editor of the London "Evening Standard" (1959–1976), consulted her on how to make the newspaper relevant to the youth of the era.


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: She is a British-American journalist and editor.

Question: was she into fashion before becoming a journalist?

Answer: Yes, she took up her first job at the influential Biba boutique and also took fashion classes at a school.

Anna Wintour [SEP] From fashion to journalism

"I think my father really decided for me that I should work in fashion," she recalled in "The September Issue". He arranged for his daughter's first job, at the influential Biba boutique, when she was 15. The next year, she left North London Collegiate and began a training program at Harrods. At her parents' behest, she also took fashion classes at a nearby school. Soon she gave them up, saying, "You either know fashion or you don't." Another older boyfriend, Richard Neville, gave her her first experience of magazine production at his popular and controversial "Oz". In 1970, when "Harper's Bazaar UK" merged with "Queen" to become "Harper's & Queen", Wintour was hired as one of its first editorial assistants, beginning her career in fashion journalism.


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: was she into fashion before becoming a journalist?

Context: Yes, she took up her first job at the influential Biba boutique and also took fashion classes at a school.

Question: has she featured in any film?

Answer: No, a novel was made into a film which as believed to be based on Wintour. In 2009, she was the focus of another film, R. J. Cutler's documentary "The September Issue".

Explanation: A former personal assistant, Lauren Weisberger, wrote the 2003 bestselling "roman à clef" "The Devil Wears Prada", later made into a successful 2006 film starring Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly, a fashion editor, believed to be based on Wintour. In 2009, she was the focus of another film, R. J. Cutler's documentary "The September Issue".

Anna Wintour [SEP] Introduction


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: No, a novel was made into a film which as believed to be based on Wintour. In 2009, she was the focus of another film, R. J. Cutler's documentary "The September Issue".

Question: who launched the above mentioned boutique?

Answer: Barbara Hulanicki

Explanation: Biba was a London fashion store of the 1960s and 1970s. Biba was started and primarily run by the Polish-born Barbara Hulanicki with help of her husband Stephen Fitz-Simon.

Biba [SEP] Introduction


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: who launched the above mentioned boutique?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Question: where was it opened?

Answer: The first store was in Abingdon Road in Kensington.

Biba [SEP] Early years

Biba's early years were rather humble, with many of the outfits being cheap and available to the public by mail order. The first store, in Abingdon Road in Kensington, was opened in September 1964. Biba's postal boutique had its first significant success in May 1964 when it offered a pink gingham dress with a hole cut out of the back of the neck with a matching triangular kerchief to readers of the "Daily Mirror". The dress had celebrity appeal, as a similar dress had been worn by Brigitte Bardot. By the morning after the dress was advertised in the "Daily Mirror", over 4,000 orders had been received.


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: The first store was in Abingdon Road in Kensington.

Question: when was it relaunched?

Answer: There have been several attempts to relaunch Biba, the first occurring as soon after its closure as 1977.

Biba [SEP] Relaunches

There have been several attempts to relaunch Biba, the first occurring as soon after its closure as 1977. Another relaunch took place in the mid-1990s with Monica Zipper as head designer. Barbara Hulanicki has not been involved with any of these relaunches, and due to the use of Biba's logo and similar labels, these garments are easy to pass off as original vintage pieces. The Biba label was relaunched again in May 2006 under designer Bella Freud. Again, Biba's founder, Barbara Hulanicki, was not contacted for the relaunch and said it was 'very, very painful', believing that the new Biba would 'betray its heritage.' Freud's first collection Spring/Summer 2007 was unveiled at London Fashion Week in September 2006, and was criticised for straying from the original concept of low-priced clothes for teenagers, needing 'more polish', as they 'had a Biba flavour but lacked the retro details that the original Biba designs had.' Freud's second attempt, Autumn/Winter 2007 was also panned as 'the kind of thing that's already over-available in fast fashion chains.' Freud left the company after just 2 seasons in June 2007 to relaunch her own label.


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: when was it relaunched?

Context: There have been several attempts to relaunch Biba, the first occurring as soon after its closure as 1977.

Question: did barbara receive award for her work?

Answer: She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to the fashion industry.

Explanation:
Hulanicki received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2010

Hulanicki was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to the fashion industry.

Barbara Hulanicki [SEP] Awards


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: when was it relaunched?

Context: did barbara receive award for her work?

Context: She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to the fashion industry.

Question: what is this honors refers to?

Answer: The New Year Honours is a part of the British honours system, with New Year's Day, 1 January, being marked by naming new members of orders of chivalry and recipients of other official honours.

New Year Honours [SEP] Introduction

The New Year Honours is a part of the British honours system, with New Year's Day, 1 January, being marked by naming new members of orders of chivalry and recipients of other official honours. A number of other Commonwealth realms also mark this day in this way. The awards are presented by or in the name of the reigning monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II or her vice-regal representative. British honours are published in supplements to the "London Gazette". Honours have been awarded at New Year since at least 1890, in which year a list of Queen Victoria's awards was published by the "London Gazette" on 2 January.


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: when was it relaunched?

Context: did barbara receive award for her work?

Context: what is this honors refers to?

Context: The New Year Honours is a part of the British honours system, with New Year's Day, 1 January, being marked by naming new members of orders of chivalry and recipients of other official honours.

Question: was the above mentioned journalist into politics also?

Answer: No, but she has been a supporter of the Democratic Party.

Anna Wintour [SEP] Politics

Wintour has been a supporter of the Democratic Party since Hillary Clinton's 2000 Senate run and John Kerry's 2004 presidential run and serving Barack Obama's 2008 and 2012 presidential runs as a "bundler" of contributions. In 2008 and 2012, she co-hosted fundraisers with Sarah Jessica Parker, the latest being a 50-person, $40,000-per-person dinner at Parker's West Village town house with Meryl Streep, Michael Kors, and Trey Laird, an advertising executive, among the attendees. She has also teamed with Calvin Klein and Harvey Weinstein on fundraisers during Obama's first term and Donna Karan has been among the attendees. In 2013 when "Vogue"s former director of communications stepped down, Wintour was rumoured to be looking to hire someone with a political background.


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: when was it relaunched?

Context: did barbara receive award for her work?

Context: what is this honors refers to?

Context: was the above mentioned journalist into politics also?

Context: No, but she has been a supporter of the Democratic Party.

Question: when was this party introduced?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Anna Wintour [SEP] Politics


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: when was it relaunched?

Context: did barbara receive award for her work?

Context: what is this honors refers to?

Context: when was this party introduced?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where is the above mentioned film maker from?

Answer: Great Neck, New York

R. J. Cutler [SEP] Early life

Born in 1962, R. J. Cutler grew up in a Jewish home in Great Neck, New York. He attended Great Neck North Senior High School and graduated in 1979. Cutler graduated from Harvard University in 1984. He received his AB degree magna cum laude with a Special Concentration in Dramatic Theory and Literature. He was the recipient of the prestigious Hoopes Prize. In 1991, Cutler became a faculty member of the University of Southern California School of Theatre and a student at the USC School of Cinema-Television. Cutler has been producing and directing documentary films since 1992.


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: when was it relaunched?

Context: did barbara receive award for her work?

Context: what is this honors refers to?

Context: when was this party introduced?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the above mentioned film maker from?

Context: Great Neck, New York

Question: what was his style?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

R. J. Cutler [SEP] Early life


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: when was it relaunched?

Context: did barbara receive award for her work?

Context: what is this honors refers to?

Context: when was this party introduced?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Great Neck, New York

Context: what was his style?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what other films had he made?

Answer: "The War Room", "A Perfect Candidate", "Thin", "The September Issue", "The World According to Dick Cheney" and "Listen to Me Marlon".

R. J. Cutler [SEP] Introduction

R. J. Cutler (born 1962) is an American filmmaker, documentarian, television producer and theater director. His work includes the documentary films "The War Room", "A Perfect Candidate", "Thin", "The September Issue", "The World According to Dick Cheney" and "Listen to Me Marlon"; the non-fiction television series "American High", "Freshman Diaries" and "30 Days"; the prime time drama series "Nashville"; the scripted podcast, "The Oval Office Tapes"; and the feature film "If I Stay". Cutler's first film, "The War Room", was nominated for an Academy Award and he is the recipient of numerous awards including an Emmy, two Peabody Awards, a GLAAD Award, two Cinema Eye Awards, and two Television Academy Honor Awards.


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: when was it relaunched?

Context: did barbara receive award for her work?

Context: what is this honors refers to?

Context: when was this party introduced?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Great Neck, New York

Context: what was his style?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other films had he made?

Context: "The War Room", "A Perfect Candidate", "Thin", "The September Issue", "The World According to Dick Cheney" and "Listen to Me Marlon".

Question: what is the storyline of this first film you mentioned?

Answer: he film follows several key 1992 Campaign events, such as the Clinton Campaign's attack on "", the Gennifer Flowers scandal, the New Hampshire primary upset, and others as they played out inside of the Clinton 1992 Campaign.

The War Room [SEP] Synopsis

The film follows James Carville and George Stephanopoulos at first during the New Hampshire Primary, and then mostly in Little Rock, Arkansas, at Clinton Campaign Headquarters. The film follows several key 1992 Campaign events, such as the Clinton Campaign's attack on "", the Gennifer Flowers scandal, the New Hampshire primary upset, and others as they played out inside of the Clinton 1992 Campaign. The documentary uses many media headlines from this period, including media coverage of the election and other news stories, such as Ross Perot's campaign, among other topics.


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: when was it relaunched?

Context: did barbara receive award for her work?

Context: what is this honors refers to?

Context: when was this party introduced?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Great Neck, New York

Context: what was his style?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other films had he made?

Context: what is the storyline of this first film you mentioned?

Context: he film follows several key 1992 Campaign events, such as the Clinton Campaign's attack on "", the Gennifer Flowers scandal, the New Hampshire primary upset, and others as they played out inside of the Clinton 1992 Campaign.

Question: what is the second mentioned scandal about?

Answer: Gennifer Flowers

The War Room [SEP] Synopsis


Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: when was it relaunched?

Context: did barbara receive award for her work?

Context: what is this honors refers to?

Context: when was this party introduced?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Great Neck, New York

Context: what was his style?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other films had he made?

Context: what is the second mentioned scandal about?

Context: Gennifer Flowers

Question: what was the controversy in this?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The War Room [SEP] Synopsis


Context: who is miranda from devil wears prada based on

Context: Anna Wintour

Context: who is she?

Context: She is a British-American journalist and editor.

Context: was she into fashion before becoming a journalist?

Context: Yes, she took up her first job at the influential Biba boutique and also took fashion classes at a school.

Context: has she featured in any film?

Context: No, a novel was made into a film which as believed to be based on Wintour. In 2009, she was the focus of another film, R. J. Cutler's documentary "The September Issue".

Context: who launched the above mentioned boutique?

Context: Barbara Hulanicki

Context: where was it opened?

Context: The first store was in Abingdon Road in Kensington.

Context: when was it relaunched?

Context: There have been several attempts to relaunch Biba, the first occurring as soon after its closure as 1977.

Context: did barbara receive award for her work?

Context: She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to the fashion industry.

Context: what is this honors refers to?

Context: The New Year Honours is a part of the British honours system, with New Year's Day, 1 January, being marked by naming new members of orders of chivalry and recipients of other official honours.

Context: was the above mentioned journalist into politics also?

Context: No, but she has been a supporter of the Democratic Party.

Context: when was this party introduced?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the above mentioned film maker from?

Context: Great Neck, New York

Context: what was his style?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what other films had he made?

Context: "The War Room", "A Perfect Candidate", "Thin", "The September Issue", "The World According to Dick Cheney" and "Listen to Me Marlon".

Context: what is the storyline of this first film you mentioned?

Context: he film follows several key 1992 Campaign events, such as the Clinton Campaign's attack on "", the Gennifer Flowers scandal, the New Hampshire primary upset, and others as they played out inside of the Clinton 1992 Campaign.

Context: what is the second mentioned scandal about?

Context: Gennifer Flowers

Context: what was the controversy in this?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: the film we talked about just now; where was it filmed?

Answer: New Hampshire and Little Rock, Arkansas.

The War Room [SEP] Filming

At the start of filming, the film team was embedded with the Clinton Campaign in New Hampshire for that state's Democratic primary. During the onset of the campaign, the crew traveled around the state with the Bill Clinton Campaign. After the surprise Clinton second-place finish in the New Hampshire primary, the crew shot mostly in Little Rock, Arkansas, home to the Clinton campaign's national headquarters. As the film focused in on Carville and Stephanopoulos, the film crew saw no need to travel outside of Little Rock as both were present in the city for much if not all of the primary and general election campaigns.


Question: when did new delhi became the capital of india

Answer: 13 February 1931

New Delhi [SEP] Introduction

New Delhi (, "Naī Dillī") is the capital of India and an administrative district of NCT Delhi. New Delhi is also the seat of all three branches of the Government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House, and the Supreme Court of India. The foundation stone of New Delhi was laid by Emperor George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin. Although colloquially "Delhi" and "New Delhi" are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), these are two distinct entities, with New Delhi forming a small part of the city of Delhi.


Context: when did new delhi became the capital of india

Context: 13 February 1931

Question: where is this place located?

Answer: Indo-Gangetic Plain

New Delhi [SEP] Geography

With a total area of , New Delhi forms a small part of the Delhi metropolitan area. Since the city is located on the Indo-Gangetic Plain, there is little difference in elevation across the city. New Delhi and surrounding areas were once a part of the Aravali Range; all that is left of those mountains is the Delhi Ridge, which is also called the Lungs of Delhi. While New Delhi lies on the floodplains of the Yamuna River, it is essentially a landlocked city. East of the river is the urban area of Shahdara. New Delhi falls under the seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to earthquakes.


Context: 13 February 1931

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Indo-Gangetic Plain

Question: what is the total population of this place?

Answer: New Delhi city has a population of 257,803 while New Delhi district has a population of 142,004.

Explanation: As of 2011, New Delhi city (the area under NDMC) has a population of 257,803 while New Delhi district has a population of 142,004. Hindi is the most widely spoken language in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes. New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is the highest in Delhi.

New Delhi [SEP] Demographics


Context: 13 February 1931

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Indo-Gangetic Plain

Context: what is the total population of this place?

Context: New Delhi city has a population of 257,803 while New Delhi district has a population of 142,004.

Question: where is its name first believed to have originated?

Answer: One of them is derived from "Dhillu" or "Dilu", a king who built a city at this location in 50 BCE and named it after himself.

Explanation: There are a number of myths and legends associated with the origin of the name "Delhi". One of them is derived from "Dhillu" or "Dilu", a king who built a city at this location in 50 BCE and named it after himself. Another legend holds that the name of the city is based on the Hindi/Prakrit word ("loose") and that it was used by the Tomaras to refer to the city because the iron pillar of Delhi had a weak foundation and had to be moved. According to Panjab Notes and Queries, the name of the city at the time of King Prithviraj was , and that and are probably derived from the old Hindi word meaning "eminence". The former director of the Archaeological Survey of India, Alexander Cunningham, mentioned that later became . Some suggest the coins in circulation in the region under the Tomaras were called "dehliwal".

Delhi [SEP] Toponym


Context: 13 February 1931

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Indo-Gangetic Plain

Context: where is its name first believed to have originated?

Context: One of them is derived from "Dhillu" or "Dilu", a king who built a city at this location in 50 BCE and named it after himself.

Question: who were some of its settlers during the ancient time?

Answer: the Pandavas, Mughals

Explanation: Delhi has been continuously inhabited since the 6th century BCE. Through most of its history, Delhi has served as a capital of various kingdoms and empires, most notably the Pandavas, the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire. The city has been captured, ransacked and rebuilt several times, particularly during the medieval period, and modern Delhi is a cluster of a number of cities spread across the metropolitan region. For many centuries Delhi has been a dominant trading and commercial centre in northern India, and after 1990s it has emerged as an important node in the international corporate and financial network.

Delhi [SEP] Introduction

Recent estimates of the metro economy of its urban area have ranked Delhi either the most or second-most productive metro area of India. Delhi is the second-wealthiest city in India after Mumbai and is home to 18 billionaires and 23,000 millionaires. Delhi ranks fifth among the Indian states and union territories in human development index. Delhi has the second-highest GDP per capita in India. Delhi is of great historical significance as an important commercial, transport, and cultural hub, as well as the political centre of India. Delhi has been continuously inhabited since the 6th century BCE. Through most of its history, Delhi has served as a capital of various kingdoms and empires, most notably the Pandavas, the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire.


Context: 13 February 1931

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Indo-Gangetic Plain

Context: who were some of its settlers during the ancient time?

Context: the Pandavas, Mughals

Question: who was the first ruler of the latter's empire?

Answer: Babur

Explanation: The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what today is Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman empires, to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodhi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of Upper India.

Mughal Empire [SEP] Introduction

The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. This imperial structure lasted until 1720, until shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb, during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently, especially during the East India Company rule in India, to the region in and around Old Delhi, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Although the Mughal empire was created and sustained by military warfare, it did not vigorously suppress the cultures and peoples it came to rule; rather it equalized and placated them through new administrative practices, and diverse ruling elites, leading to more efficient, centralised, and standardized rule.


Context: 13 February 1931

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Indo-Gangetic Plain

Context: the Pandavas, Mughals

Context: who was the first ruler of the latter's empire?

Context: Babur

Question: did their empire decline?

Answer: Yes - during Muhammad Shah's reign, vast tracts of central India passed from Mughal to Maratha hands.

Mughal Empire [SEP] Decline (1707–1857)

Aurangzeb's son, Bahadur Shah I, repealed the religious policies of his father and attempted to reform the administration. "However, after his death in 1712, the Mughal dynasty sank into chaos and violent feuds. In 1719 alone, four emperors successively ascended the throne". During the reign of Muhammad Shah (reigned 1719–1748), the empire began to break up, and vast tracts of central India passed from Mughal to Maratha hands. The far-off Indian campaign of Nadir Shah, who had previously reestablished Iranian suzerainty over most of West Asia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia, culminated with the Sack of Delhi and shattered the remnants of Mughal power and prestige.


Question: when was zindagi na milegi dobara released?

Answer: 15 July 2011

Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara [SEP] Introduction

Kabir and his fiancée Natasha experience significant misunderstandings. During their trip, each friend chooses a dangerous sport for the group to partake in. The release of "Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara" was initially planned for 27 May 2011 but technical problems with post-production work led to the release being postponed to 24 June and again to 15 July that year. The film had a worldwide release in 1,800 screens and was a critical and commercial success that grossed and received critical acclaim for its performances, story, music, humour, and direction. After its theatrical run, the film was nominated for and won several awards, including two National Film Awards.


Context: when was zindagi na milegi dobara released?

Context: 15 July 2011

Question: who was the director?

Answer: Zoya Akhtar

Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (; ) is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language comedy buddy road film directed by Zoya Akhtar and produced by Farhan Akhtar and Ritesh Sidhwani of Excel Entertainment. The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Hrithik Roshan, Abhay Deol, Farhan Akhtar, Katrina Kaif, and Kalki Koechlin. It was filmed in Spain, India, Egypt, and the United Kingdom on a budget of . The music and score were composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. The film's story follows three childhood friends, Arjun, Kabir, and Imraan, who reunite for a three-week road trip. They set off to Spain and meet Laila, who falls in love with Arjun and helps him overcome his compulsion to work.


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Question: which was the production company?

Answer: Excel Entertainment


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Question: who are the characters ?

Answer: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Explanation: The film's story follows three childhood friends, Arjun, Kabir, and Imraan, who reunite for a three-week road trip. They set off to Spain and meet Laila, who falls in love with Arjun and helps him overcome his compulsion to work. Kabir and his fiancée Natasha experience significant misunderstandings. During their trip, each friend chooses a dangerous sport for the group to partake in.


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Context: who are the characters ?

Context: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Question: what is the plot ?

Answer: Three childhood friends - Arjun, Kabir, and Imraan, who reunite for a three-week road trip. They set off to Spain and meet Laila, who falls in love with Arjun.


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Context: who are the characters ?

Context: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Context: what is the plot ?

Context: Three childhood friends - Arjun, Kabir, and Imraan, who reunite for a three-week road trip. They set off to Spain and meet Laila, who falls in love with Arjun.

Question: who plays the role of arjun?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Context: who are the characters ?

Context: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Context: what is the plot ?

Context: who plays the role of arjun?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who created the soundtrack for the movie?

Answer: Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy

Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara [SEP] Soundtrack

Composer trio Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, who had worked with Farhan Akhtar in "Rock On!!" and "Karthik Calling Karthik", composed the soundtrack for the film. The lyrics were written by Javed Akhtar. The composers engaged María del Mar Fernández, a Spanish flamenco singer, to perform the vocals on "Señorita"; her film-singing debut. The song is also the singing debut of Abhay Deol, who sang it along with the other lead actors Hrithik Roshan and Farhan Akhtar.


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Context: who are the characters ?

Context: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Context: what is the plot ?

Context: who plays the role of arjun?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created the soundtrack for the movie?

Context: Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy

Question: when was its formation?

Answer: Between 1989 and 1997

Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy [SEP] Formation (1985–1996)

R. Rahman and Shankar had sung many famous tracks for him. In 1989, Ehsaan met Loy, who was working for Ranjit Barot, an ad film composer. From then on, they joined together and composed several ad jingles together. Later, Ehsaan and Loy met Shankar when he was roped in by Ranjit Barot to sing for the Pepsi ad directed by Mukul Anand. Since then, they started to compose for ads as a trio.


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Context: who are the characters ?

Context: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Context: what is the plot ?

Context: who plays the role of arjun?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy

Context: when was its formation?

Context: Between 1989 and 1997

Question: what is their musical style?

Answer: Carnatic, Hindustani, Western rock

Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy [SEP] Musical style

Each member of the trio brings his own talents and experiences to the group, combining the Carnatic and Hindustani vocal tradition (Shankar), Western rock (Ehsaan) and a deep understanding of fusion including a virtual mastery over the electronic synthesizer (Loy). They continue a tradition quite common in Bollywood music, that of partnerships between music composers contributing and pooling their individual strengths, often combining deep knowledge of Hindustani (North Indian) and Carnatic (South Indian) classical music with technical expertise as composers and orchestral arrangers. Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy probably represent the first trio of composers to entertain Bollywood audiences themselves with their chart-topping music.


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Context: who are the characters ?

Context: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Context: what is the plot ?

Context: who plays the role of arjun?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy

Context: when was its formation?

Context: Between 1989 and 1997

Context: what is their musical style?

Context: Carnatic, Hindustani, Western rock

Question: what all philanthropic causes have they participated in?

Answer: They performed in Chennai for a concert organised by The Shakti Foundation – For the Physically Challenged to raise funds; They had performed for a fund raising concert for the NGO Alert India which fights against leprosy in 2009.

Explanation: Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy have been involved in many charitable activities. They composed the music for an album "Haath Se Haath Mila" as the part of an AIDS Awareness campaign launched by BBC World Service Trust In 2007, they performed in Chennai for a concert organised by The Shakti Foundation – For the Physically Challenged to raise funds. Organized by Farhan Akhtar, they lead the Rock concert for raising funds for a paediatric medical camp in Bihar in 2008. They also launched the "You Know You Can Rock Harder G3 Challenge" talent hunt in search of the most talented rock band in the country in the same year. They had performed for a fund raising concert for the NGO Alert India which fights against leprosy in 2009.

Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy [SEP] Charitable causes


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Context: who are the characters ?

Context: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Context: what is the plot ?

Context: who plays the role of arjun?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy

Context: when was its formation?

Context: Between 1989 and 1997

Context: what is their musical style?

Context: Carnatic, Hindustani, Western rock

Context: what all philanthropic causes have they participated in?

Context: They performed in Chennai for a concert organised by The Shakti Foundation – For the Physically Challenged to raise funds; They had performed for a fund raising concert for the NGO Alert India which fights against leprosy in 2009.

Question: moving back to the movie aforesaid, can you tell me more about its director?

Answer: She is an Indian film director and screenwriter. She completed a diploma in filmmaking from NYU.

Explanation:
Zoya Akhtar (born 14 October 1972) is an Indian film director and screenwriter. After completing a diploma in filmmaking from NYU, she assisted directors such as Mira Nair, Tony Gerber and Dev Benegal, before turning writer-director in her own right. Akhtar is the recipient of several accolades, including 3 Filmfare Awards.

She has directed movies such as "Luck by Chance" (2009), "Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara" (2011) and "Sheila Ki Jawani", a segment of "Bombay Talkies" (2013). She has co-written "" (2012) alongside Reema Kagti. She then went on to direct "Dil Dhadakne Do" (2015) and "Gully Boy" (2019).

Zoya Akhtar [SEP] Introduction


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Context: who are the characters ?

Context: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Context: what is the plot ?

Context: who plays the role of arjun?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy

Context: when was its formation?

Context: Between 1989 and 1997

Context: what is their musical style?

Context: Carnatic, Hindustani, Western rock

Context: moving back to the movie aforesaid, can you tell me more about its director?

Context: She is an Indian film director and screenwriter. She completed a diploma in filmmaking from NYU.

Question: when did she begin her career?

Answer: She  started her career as the co-director of a music video called "Price of Bullets" for a rock band called Pentagram.

Zoya Akhtar [SEP] Career

Akhtar started her career as the co-director of a music video called "Price of Bullets" for a rock band called Pentagram. She has worked as a casting director for films including "Split Wide Open" (1999) and "Dil Chahta Hai" (2001), and as an assistant director for her brother Farhan Akhtar's films "Dil Chahta Hai a"nd "Lakshya" (2004). She then worked as an executive producer for her longtime associate and friend Reema Kagti's "Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd." (2007), also produced by Excel Entertainment. Akhtar made her directorial debut with "Luck By Chance" (2009), starring her brother Farhan Akhtar and Konkona Sen Sharma.


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Context: who are the characters ?

Context: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Context: what is the plot ?

Context: who plays the role of arjun?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy

Context: when was its formation?

Context: Between 1989 and 1997

Context: what is their musical style?

Context: Carnatic, Hindustani, Western rock

Context: when did she begin her career?

Context: She  started her career as the co-director of a music video called "Price of Bullets" for a rock band called Pentagram.

Question: can you tell me something about her personal life?

Answer: She was born to poet, lyricist and screenwriter Javed Akhtar and screenwriter Honey Irani. Akhtar's stepmother is actress Shabana Azmi. Her younger brother, Farhan Akhtar, is an actor and director.

Explanation:
Zoya Akhtar was born to poet, lyricist and screenwriter Javed Akhtar and screenwriter Honey Irani. Akhtar's stepmother is actress Shabana Azmi. Her younger brother, Farhan Akhtar, is an actor and director. She attended Maneckji Cooper and earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from St. Xavier's College, both from Mumbai. Later, she joined the New York University Tisch School of the Arts to learn film production.

Her great-grandfather, Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi, a scholar of Islamic studies and theology, edited the first diwan of Mirza Ghalib on his request and later became a figure during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in his native Khairabad.

She is great-granddaughter of Urdu poet Muztar Khairabadi and granddaughter of poet Jan Nisar Akhtar.

Zoya Akhtar [SEP] Personal life


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Context: who are the characters ?

Context: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Context: what is the plot ?

Context: who plays the role of arjun?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy

Context: when was its formation?

Context: Between 1989 and 1997

Context: what is their musical style?

Context: Carnatic, Hindustani, Western rock

Context: when did she begin her career?

Context: can you tell me something about her personal life?

Context: She was born to poet, lyricist and screenwriter Javed Akhtar and screenwriter Honey Irani. Akhtar's stepmother is actress Shabana Azmi. Her younger brother, Farhan Akhtar, is an actor and director.

Question: what more can you tell me about her brother?

Answer: An Indian film actor, director, screenwriter, playback singer, producer, and television host.

Farhan Akhtar [SEP] Introduction

Farhan Akhtar (born 9 January 1974) is an Indian film actor, director, screenwriter, playback singer, producer, and television host. Born in Mumbai to screenwriters Javed Akhtar and Honey Irani, he grew up under the influence of the Hindi film industry. He began his career in Bollywood by working as an assistant director in "Lamhe" (1991) and "Himalay Putra" (1997). Akhtar, after establishing a production company named Excel Entertainment along with Ritesh Sidhwani in 1999, made his directorial debut with "Dil Chahta Hai" (2001) and received critical acclaim for portraying modern youth. The film also won a National Award. Following it, he made the cult war film "Lakshya" (2004) and had his Hollywood debut through the soundtrack of "Bride and Prejudice" (2004), for which he wrote the lyrics.


Context: 15 July 2011

Context: who was the director?

Context: Zoya Akhtar

Context: which was the production company?

Context: Excel Entertainment

Context: who are the characters ?

Context: Arjun, Kabir, Imraan, Laila, Natasha

Context: what is the plot ?

Context: who plays the role of arjun?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy

Context: when was its formation?

Context: Between 1989 and 1997

Context: what is their musical style?

Context: Carnatic, Hindustani, Western rock

Context: when did she begin her career?

Context: what more can you tell me about her brother?

Context: An Indian film actor, director, screenwriter, playback singer, producer, and television host.

Question: can you name a movie he worked in?

Answer: Rock On

Farhan Akhtar [SEP] Introduction

He went on to make the commercially-successful "Don" (2006). He directed a short film titled "Positive" (2007), to spread awareness on HIV-AIDS. Although he initially started his acting career with "The Fakir of Venice", his official debut was with "Rock On!!" (2008), for which he won a second National Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi as producer, and indulged in further experimentation before he wrote the screenplay (dialogues), produced and acted for the critical and commercial success "Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara" (2011), which won him 4 Filmfare Awards, including Best Supporting Actor. In the same year, he directed a sequel to "Don" titled "Don 2" (2011), which remains his highest-grossing film till date.


Question: how many times did the first russian orbit the earth

Answer: One

Yuri Gagarin [SEP] Introduction

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet Air Forces pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space, achieving a major milestone in the Space Race; his capsule, Vostok 1, completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961. Gagarin became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles, including Hero of the Soviet Union, his nation's highest honour. Born in the village of Klushino near Gzhatsk (a town later renamed after him), in his youth Gagarin was a foundryman at a steel plant in Lyubertsy. He later joined the Soviet Air Forces as a pilot and was stationed at the Luostari Air Base, near the Norwegian border, before his selection for the Soviet space programme with five other cosmonauts.


Context: how many times did the first russian orbit the earth

Context: One

Question: who is yuri gagarin?

Answer: A Soviet Air Forces pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space.

Yuri Gagarin [SEP] Introduction


Context: One

Context: who is yuri gagarin?

Context: A Soviet Air Forces pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space.

Question: when was this mission carried out?

Answer: Vostok 1, the spaceflight carrying Yuri Gagarin was launched on April 12, 1961.

Vostok 1 [SEP] Introduction

Vostok 1 (, "East" or "Orient" 1) was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first crewed spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on April 12, 1961, with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard, making him the first human to cross into outer space. The orbital spaceflight consisted of a single orbit around Earth which skimmed the upper atmosphere at at its lowest point. The flight took 108 minutes from launch to landing. Gagarin parachuted to the ground separately from his capsule after ejecting at altitude.


Context: One

Context: who is yuri gagarin?

Context: when was this mission carried out?

Context: Vostok 1, the spaceflight carrying Yuri Gagarin was launched on April 12, 1961.

Question: any medals or awards conferred to him?

Answer: The Soviet Academy of Sciences awarded him with the Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Gold Medal;  the 1960 Gold Air Medal and the 1961 De la Vaulx Medal from the "Fédération Aéronautique Internationale" in Switzerland;  first Commander of the Order of Playa Girón medal from Cuba among many others.He was bestowed the Order of Lenin, Order of the Nile, Order of Karl Marx etc. as well.

Explanation:
On 14 April 1961, Gagarin was honoured with a parade attended by millions of people that concluded at the Red Square. After a short speech, he was bestowed the Hero of the Soviet Union, Order of Lenin, Merited Master of Sports of the Soviet Union and the first Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR. On 15 April, the Soviet Academy of Sciences awarded him with the Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Gold Medal, named after the Russian pioneer of space aeronautics. Gagarin had also been awarded four Soviet commemorative medals over the course of his career.

He was honoured as a Hero of Socialist Labor (Czechoslovakia) on 29 April 1961, and Hero of Socialist Labor (Bulgaria, including the Order of Georgi Dimitrov) the same year. On the eighth anniversary of the beginning of the Cuban Revolution (26 July), President Osvaldo Dorticos of Cuba presented him with the first Commander of the Order of Playa Girón, a newly created medal.

Gagarin was also awarded the 1960 Gold Air Medal and the 1961 De la Vaulx Medal fr

Yuri Gagarin [SEP] Medals and orders of merit


Context: One

Context: who is yuri gagarin?

Context: when was this mission carried out?

Context: any medals or awards conferred to him?

Context: The Soviet Academy of Sciences awarded him with the Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Gold Medal;  the 1960 Gold Air Medal and the 1961 De la Vaulx Medal from the "Fédération Aéronautique Internationale" in Switzerland;  first Commander of the Order of Playa Girón medal from Cuba among many others.He was bestowed the Order of Lenin, Order of the Nile, Order of Karl Marx etc. as well.

Question: who was he married to?

Answer: Valentina Goryacheva

Yuri Gagarin [SEP] Personal life

Gagarin was a keen sportsman and played ice hockey as a goalkeeper. He was also a basketball fan and coached the Saratov Industrial Technical School team, as well as being a referee. In 1957, while a cadet in flight school, Gagarin met Valentina Goryacheva at the May Day celebrations at the Red Square in Moscow. She was a medical technician who had graduated from Orenburg Medical School. They were married on 7 November of the same year, the same day Gagarin graduated from his flight school, and they had two daughters. Yelena Yurievna Gagarina, born 1959, is an art historian who has worked as the director-general of the Moscow Kremlin Museums since 2001; and Galina Yurievna Gagarina, born 1961, is a professor of economics and the department chair at Plekhanov Russian University of Economics in Moscow.


Context: One

Context: who is yuri gagarin?

Context: when was this mission carried out?

Context: any medals or awards conferred to him?

Context: who was he married to?

Context: Valentina Goryacheva

Question: when did he die?

Answer: On 27 March 1968

Yuri Gagarin [SEP] Death

On 27 March 1968, while on a routine training flight from Chkalovsky Air Base, Gagarin and flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin died when their MiG-15UTI crashed near the town of Kirzhach. The bodies of Gagarin and Seryogin were cremated and their ashes interred in the walls of the Kremlin. Wrapped in secrecy, the cause of the crash that killed Gagarin is uncertain and became the subject of several theories. At least three investigations into the crash were conducted separately by the Air Force, official government commissions, and the KGB. According to a biography of Gagarin by Jamie Doran and Piers Bizony, "Starman: The Truth Behind the Legend of Yuri Gagarin", the KGB worked "not just alongside the Air Force and the official commission members but against them." The KGB's report, declassified in March 2003, dismissed various conspiracy theories and instead indicated the actions of airbase personnel contributed to the crash.


Context: One

Context: who is yuri gagarin?

Context: when was this mission carried out?

Context: any medals or awards conferred to him?

Context: who was he married to?

Context: Valentina Goryacheva

Context: when did he die?

Context: On 27 March 1968

Question: and how?

Answer: When a MiG-15UTI aircraft with him and Vladimir Seryogin on board crashed near the town of Kirzhach.

Yuri Gagarin [SEP] Death


Context: One

Context: who is yuri gagarin?

Context: when was this mission carried out?

Context: any medals or awards conferred to him?

Context: who was he married to?

Context: Valentina Goryacheva

Context: when did he die?

Context: On 27 March 1968

Context: and how?

Context: When a MiG-15UTI aircraft with him and Vladimir Seryogin on board crashed near the town of Kirzhach.

Question: where is this town located?

Answer: In the Kirzhachsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia

Kirzhach [SEP] Introduction

Kirzhach () is a town and the administrative center of Kirzhachsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Kirzhach River in the west of the oblast, west of Vladimir and south of Alexandrov. Population:


Context: One

Context: who is yuri gagarin?

Context: when was this mission carried out?

Context: any medals or awards conferred to him?

Context: who was he married to?

Context: Valentina Goryacheva

Context: when did he die?

Context: On 27 March 1968

Context: and how?

Context: where is this town located?

Context: In the Kirzhachsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia

Question: how is the climate there?

Answer: Moderately continental with a warm summer, a cold winter and a moderate spring and fall.

Explanation: City's climate is moderately continental: a warm summer, a cold winter with a moderate spring and fall. Average temperature in January is and in July. Mean annual precipitation is . It averages 151 days per year with temperatures above . A snow cover is present for four to five months; snow starts to fall usually at the end of November or at the beginning of December. Snow melts on sun-covered places in the middle of April and in forests at the end of April.

Kirzhach [SEP] Climate


Context: One

Context: who is yuri gagarin?

Context: when was this mission carried out?

Context: any medals or awards conferred to him?

Context: who was he married to?

Context: Valentina Goryacheva

Context: when did he die?

Context: On 27 March 1968

Context: and how?

Context: where is this town located?

Context: how is the climate there?

Context: Moderately continental with a warm summer, a cold winter and a moderate spring and fall.

Question: can you mention some famous landmarks of this place?

Answer: The Blagoveschensky cathedral, two ancient St. Nikolay's churches, and a memorial and museum at the above mentioned crash site are some of them.

Explanation: Kirzhach is famous for its great monastery—Blagoveschensky cathedral.The diminutive katholikon, erected during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, conforms to the early Muscovite type of cathedral church. It is commonly regarded as one of the last and loveliest specimens of this conservative strain. The monastery has a very interesting structure- it is an open gallery. This gallery connects the cathedral with the nearby Savior church, which has a square tower and a tent-like belfry. This church is a tomb of prominent Russian boyars-Miloslavskys. The 16th-century church was demolished during the Soviet time, but people began to rebuild and reconstruct it again in 1990s. Today the cathedral is a convent. Since 1997, the monastery possesses the relics of the Russian Saint, Roman Kirzhachsky, the student of another great Russian saint, Sergey Radonezhsky. Tourists can see two ancient St. Nikolay's churches—one was built in 1764, the other in 1846. On the facade of the local art palace can be f

Kirzhach [SEP] Architecture and landmarks


Question: what led to enron worldcom and the like

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Enron scandal [SEP] Introduction

The Enron scandal was an accounting scandal of Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas. It was publicized in October 2001, and led to the bankruptcy of the company, and the "de facto" dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world. In addition to being the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that time, Enron was cited as the biggest audit failure. Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after merging Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, he developed a staff of executives that – by the use of accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting – were able to hide billions of dollars in debt from failed deals and projects.


Context:
what led to enron worldcom and the like
UNANSWERABLE

Question: what was the scandal about?

Answer: An accounting scandal hiding billions of dollars in debt from failed deals and projects.

Explanation:
The Enron scandal was an accounting scandal of Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas. It was publicized in October 2001, and led to the bankruptcy of the company, and the "de facto" dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world. In addition to being the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that time, Enron was cited as the biggest audit failure.

Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after merging Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, he developed a staff of executives that – by the use of accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting – were able to hide billions of dollars in debt from failed deals and projects

Enron scandal [SEP] Introduction


Context: what led to enron worldcom and the like

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the scandal about?

Context: An accounting scandal hiding billions of dollars in debt from failed deals and projects.

Question: when was it revealed?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Enron scandal [SEP] Introduction


Context: what led to enron worldcom and the like

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the scandal about?

Context: when was it revealed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who were involved in it?

Answer: Jeffery Skilling.

Explanation: Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, he developed a staff of executives that – by the use of accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting – were able to hide billions of dollars in debt from failed deals and projects. Chief Financial Officer Andrew Fastow and other executives misled Enron's board of directors and audit committee on high-risk accounting practices and pressured Arthur Andersen to ignore the issues.

Enron scandal [SEP] Introduction

Chief Financial Officer Andrew Fastow and other executives misled Enron's board of directors and audit committee on high-risk accounting practices and pressured Arthur Andersen to ignore the issues. Enron shareholders filed a $40 billion lawsuit after the company's stock price, which achieved a high of US$90.75 per share in mid-2000, plummeted to less than $1 by the end of November 2001. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began an investigation, and rival Houston competitor Dynegy offered to purchase the company at a very low price. The deal failed, and on December 2, 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code.


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Context: who were involved in it?

Context: Jeffery Skilling.

Question: who was he?

Answer: An American former businessman and convicted felon .

Jeffrey Skilling [SEP] Introduction

Jeffrey Keith Skilling (born November 25, 1953) is an American former businessman and convicted felon best known as the CEO of Enron Corporation during the Enron scandal. In 2006, he was convicted of federal felony charges relating to Enron's collapse and eventually sentenced to 24 years in prison. The Supreme Court of the United States heard arguments in the appeal of the case March 1, 2010. On June 24, 2010, the Supreme Court vacated part of Skilling's conviction and transferred the case back to the lower court for resentencing. In April 2011, a three-judge panel of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the verdict would have been the same despite the legal issues being discussed, and Skilling's conviction was confirmed; however, the court ruled Skilling should be resentenced.


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Context: who were involved in it?

Context: Jeffery Skilling.

Context: who was he?

Context: An American former businessman and convicted felon .

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Jeffrey Skilling [SEP] Early life

Jeffrey Keith Skilling was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on November 25, 1953, the second of four children of Betty ("née" Clarke) and Thomas Ethelbert Skilling, Jr. His father was a sales manager for an Illinois valve company. His older brother, Tom Skilling, later became chief meteorologist at WGN-TV. Skilling grew up between New Jersey and Aurora, Illinois. When he was 16 years old, he worked at WLXT-TV (channel 60), a UHF television station in Aurora. He graduated from West Aurora High School and received a full scholarship to Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, where he was a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity.


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Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were involved in it?

Context: Jeffery Skilling.

Context: who was he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Question: what business did he do?

Answer: He was the CEO of Enron Corporation.

Explanation: Jeffrey Keith Skilling (born November 25, 1953) is an American former businessman and convicted felon best known as the CEO of Enron Corporation during the Enron scandal

Jeffrey Skilling [SEP] Introduction


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Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were involved in it?

Context: Jeffery Skilling.

Context: who was he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Context: what business did he do?

Context: He was the CEO of Enron Corporation.

Question: has he organized any events?

Answer: No, but in April 2008 his defense attorny  Daniel M. Petrocelli, argued with government prosecutors that Skilling's trial and the conviction itself was based on honest services fraud, which he said did not apply to Skilling.

Explanation: On April 3, 2008, Skilling's defense attorney, Daniel M. Petrocelli, argued with government prosecutors that Skilling's trial and the conviction itself was based on honest services fraud, which he said did not apply to Skilling. This argument was based on the idea that, even though Skilling committed illegal financial maneuvers, he did so in order to save the company and did not profit from it. This was cited as a possible basis for overturning some or all of his convictions; however, the chances of this were considered to be very narrow.

Jeffrey Skilling [SEP] 2008 events

Prior to the trial, attorneys for Skilling requested that the notes taken from FBI agents during interviews with Andrew Fastow be given to the defense. A number of inconsistencies in the notes were discovered soon after. On April 3, 2008, Skilling's defense attorney, Daniel M. Petrocelli, argued with government prosecutors that Skilling's trial and the conviction itself was based on honest services fraud, which he said did not apply to Skilling. This argument was based on the idea that, even though Skilling committed illegal financial maneuvers, he did so in order to save the company and did not profit from it.


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Context: Jeffery Skilling.

Context: who was he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Context: what business did he do?

Context: He was the CEO of Enron Corporation.

Context: has he organized any events?

Context: No, but in April 2008 his defense attorny  Daniel M. Petrocelli, argued with government prosecutors that Skilling's trial and the conviction itself was based on honest services fraud, which he said did not apply to Skilling.

Question: when was the corporation founded?

Answer: 1985.

Enron [SEP] Introduction

Enron Corporation was an American energy, commodities, and services company based in Houston, Texas. It was founded in 1985 as a merger between Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth, both relatively small regional companies. Before its bankruptcy on December 3, 2001, Enron employed approximately 29,000 staff and was a major electricity, natural gas, communications and pulp and paper company, with claimed revenues of nearly $101 billion during 2000. "Fortune" named Enron "America's Most Innovative Company" for six consecutive years. At the end of 2001, it was revealed that Enron's reported financial condition was sustained by an institutionalized, systemic and creatively planned accounting fraud, known since as the Enron scandal.


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Context: Jeffery Skilling.

Context: who was he?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Context: what business did he do?

Context: He was the CEO of Enron Corporation.

Context: has he organized any events?

Context: when was the corporation founded?

Question: is he married?

Answer: Susan Long and Rebecca Carter.

Jeffrey Skilling [SEP] Personal life

Skilling has a daughter and two sons from his first marriage to Susan Long, which ended in divorce in 1997. His youngest child, John Taylor "JT" Skilling, was found dead from a drug overdose at age 20 in his apartment in Santa Ana, California on February 3, 2011. In March 2002, Skilling married Rebecca Carter, a former vice president for board communications and board secretary at Enron. He is the younger brother of Tom Skilling, meteorologist at WGN-TV in Chicago.


Question: what is the pygmy hippopotamus?

Answer: It  is a small hippopotamid.

Explanation: is a small hippopotamid

Pygmy hippopotamus [SEP] Introduction

The pygmy hippopotamus ("Choeropsis liberiensis" or "Hexaprotodon liberiensis") is a small hippopotamid which is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, primarily in Liberia, with small populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coast. The pygmy hippo is reclusive and nocturnal. It is one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being its much larger relative, the common hippopotamus ("Hippopotamus amphibius") or Nile hippopotamus. The pygmy hippopotamus displays many terrestrial adaptations, but like the hippo, it is semiaquatic and relies on water to keep its skin moist and its body temperature cool. Behaviors such as mating and giving birth may occur in water or on land.


Context:
what is the pygmy hippopotamus?
It  is a small hippopotamid.

Question: can you please describe it?

Answer: They share the same general form as a hippopotamus. They have a graviportal skeleton, with four stubby legs and four toes on each foot, supporting a portly frame. The pygmy hippo, however, is only half as tall as the hippopotamus. The skin is  greenish-black or brown, shading to a creamy gray

Explanation: share the same general form as a hippopotamus. They have a graviportal skeleton, with four stubby legs and four toes on each foot, supporting a portly frame. The pygmy hippo, however, is only half as tall as the hippopotamus and weighs less than 1/4 as much as its larger cousin. Adult pygmy hippos stand about high at the shoulder, are in length and weigh . Their lifespan in captivity ranges from 30 to 55 years, though it is unlikely that they live this long in the wild.

Pygmy hippopotamus [SEP] Description

The common hippo's spine is parallel with the ground; the pygmy hippo's back slopes forward, a likely adaptation to pass more easily through dense forest vegetation. Proportionally, the pygmy hippo's legs and neck are longer and its head smaller. The orbits and nostrils of a pygmy hippo are much less pronounced, an adaptation from spending less time in deep water (where pronounced orbits and nostrils help the common hippo breathe and see). The feet of pygmy hippos are narrower, but the toes are more spread out and have less webbing, to assist in walking on the forest floor.


Context: what is the pygmy hippopotamus?

Context: It  is a small hippopotamid.

Context: can you please describe it?

Context: They share the same general form as a hippopotamus. They have a graviportal skeleton, with four stubby legs and four toes on each foot, supporting a portly frame. The pygmy hippo, however, is only half as tall as the hippopotamus. The skin is  greenish-black or brown, shading to a creamy gray

Question: where is it found?

Answer: It is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, primarily in Liberia, with small populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coas

Explanation: is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, primarily in Liberia, with small populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coas

Pygmy hippopotamus [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the pygmy hippopotamus?

Context: It  is a small hippopotamid.

Context: can you please describe it?

Context: where is it found?

Context: It is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, primarily in Liberia, with small populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coas

Question: what does it eat?

Answer: Its diet consists of ferns, broad-leaved plants and fruits

Explanation: Pygmy hippos are herbivorous. They do not eat aquatic vegetation to a significant extent and rarely eat grass because it is uncommon in the thick forests they inhabit. The bulk of a pygmy hippo's diet consists of ferns, broad-leaved plants and fruits that have fallen to the forest floor. The wide variety of plants pygmy hippos have been observed eating suggests that they will eat any plants available. This diet is of higher quality than that of the common hippopotamus.

Pygmy hippopotamus [SEP] Diet

Like the common hippopotamus, the pygmy hippo emerges from the water at dusk to feed. It relies on game trails to travel through dense forest vegetation. It marks trails by vigorously waving its tail while defecating to further spread its feces. The pygmy hippo spends about six hours a day foraging for food. Pygmy hippos are herbivorous. They do not eat aquatic vegetation to a significant extent and rarely eat grass because it is uncommon in the thick forests they inhabit. The bulk of a pygmy hippo's diet consists of ferns, broad-leaved plants and fruits that have fallen to the forest floor.


Context: what is the pygmy hippopotamus?

Context: It  is a small hippopotamid.

Context: can you please describe it?

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Its diet consists of ferns, broad-leaved plants and fruits

Question: how does it reproduce?

Answer: A study of breeding behavior in the wild has never been conducted; the artificial conditions of captivity may cause the observed behavior of pygmy hippos in zoos to differ from natural conditions.

Pygmy hippopotamus [SEP] Reproduction

A study of breeding behavior in the wild has never been conducted; the artificial conditions of captivity may cause the observed behavior of pygmy hippos in zoos to differ from natural conditions. Sexual maturity for the pygmy hippopotamus occurs between three and five years of age. The youngest reported age for giving birth is a pygmy hippo in the Zoo Basel, Switzerland which bore a calf at three years and three months. The oestrus cycle of a female pygmy hippo lasts an average of 35.5 days, with the oestrus itself lasting between 24–48 hours. Pygmy hippos consort for mating, but the duration of the relationship is unknown.


Context: what is the pygmy hippopotamus?

Context: It  is a small hippopotamid.

Context: can you please describe it?

Context: where is it found?

Context: what does it eat?

Context: how does it reproduce?

Context: A study of breeding behavior in the wild has never been conducted; the artificial conditions of captivity may cause the observed behavior of pygmy hippos in zoos to differ from natural conditions.

Question: are they extinct?

Answer: Yes, several species of small hippopotamids have become extinct

Pygmy hippopotamus [SEP] Extinct pygmy and dwarf hippos

Several species of small hippopotamids have also become extinct in the Mediterranean in the late Pleistocene or early Holocene. Though these species are sometimes known as "pygmy hippopotami" they are not believed to be closely related to "C. liberiensis". These include the Cretan dwarf hippopotamus ("Hippopotamus creutzburgi"), the Sicilian hippopotamus ("Hippopotamus pentlandi"), the Maltese hippopotamus ("Hippopotamus melitensis") and the Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus ("Hippopotamus minor"). These species, though comparable in size to the pygmy hippopotamus, are considered dwarf hippopotamuses, rather than pygmies. They are likely descended from a full-sized species of European hippopotamus, and reached their small size through the evolutionary process of insular dwarfism which is common on islands; the ancestors of pygmy hippopotami were also small and thus there was never a dwarfing process.


Context: what is the pygmy hippopotamus?

Context: It  is a small hippopotamid.

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Context: Yes, several species of small hippopotamids have become extinct

Question: are there any conservation efforts being made to save the remaining ones?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


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Context: It  is a small hippopotamid.

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Question: what relation do they have to folklore?

Answer: In Liberia the animal was traditionally known as a "water cow".

Pygmy hippopotamus [SEP] History and folklore

While the common hippopotamus was known to Europeans since classical antiquity, the pygmy hippopotamus was unknown outside its range in West Africa until the 19th century. Due to their nocturnal, forested existence, they were poorly known within their range as well. In Liberia the animal was traditionally known as a "water cow". Early field reports of the animal misidentified it as a wild hog. Several skulls of the species were sent to the American natural scientist Samuel G. Morton, during his residency in Monrovia, Liberia. Morton first described the species in 1843. The first complete specimens were collected as part of a comprehensive investigation of Liberian fauna in the 1870s and 1880s by Dr.


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Context: what relation do they have to folklore?

Context: In Liberia the animal was traditionally known as a "water cow".

Question: what is the human population in this place that you just mentioned?

Answer: As of the 2017 national census, Liberia was home to 4,694,608 people.

Liberia [SEP] Demographics

As of the 2017 national census, Liberia was home to 4,694,608 people. Of those, 1,118,241 lived in Montserrado County, the most populous county in the country and home to the capital of Monrovia. The Greater Monrovia District has 970,824 residents. Nimba County is the next most populous county, with 462,026 residents. As revealed in the 2008 census, Monrovia is more than four times more populous than all the county capitals combined. Prior to the 2008 census, the last census had been taken in 1984 and listed the country's population as 2,101,628. The population of Liberia was 1,016,443 in 1962 and increased to 1,503,368 in 1974.


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Context: what is the human population in this place that you just mentioned?

Context: As of the 2017 national census, Liberia was home to 4,694,608 people.

Question: is there corruption here?

Answer: Yes, 89% of Liberians say they have had to pay a bribe.

Explanation:
Corruption is endemic at every level of the Liberian government. When President Sirleaf took office in 2006, she announced that corruption was "the major public enemy." In 2014 the US ambassador to Liberia said that corruption there was harming people through "unnecessary costs to products and services that are already difficult for many Liberians to afford".

Liberia scored a 3.3 on a scale from 10 (highly clean) to 0 (highly corrupt) on the 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index. This gave it a ranking 87th of 178 countries worldwide and 11th of 47 in Sub-Saharan Africa. This score represented a significant improvement since 2007, when the country scored 2.1 and ranked 150th of 180 countries. When dealing with public-facing government functionaries, 89% of Liberians say they have had to pay a bribe, the highest national percentage in the world according to the organization's 2010 Global Corruption Barometer.

Liberia [SEP] Corruption


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Context: Yes, 89% of Liberians say they have had to pay a bribe.

Question: can you name some forests that are found here?

Answer: Salt-tolerant mangrove trees and Upper Guinean rainforest.

Explanation: Forests on the coastline are composed mostly of salt-tolerant mangrove trees, while the more sparsely populated inland has forests opening onto a plateau of drier grasslands. The climate is equatorial, with significant rainfall during the May–October rainy season and harsh harmattan winds the remainder of the year. Liberia possesses about forty percent of the remaining Upper Guinean rainforest. It was an important producer of rubber in the early 20th century.

Liberia [SEP] Forests


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Context: can you name some forests that are found here?

Context: Salt-tolerant mangrove trees and Upper Guinean rainforest.

Question: what environmental challenges are they facing?

Answer: Liberia is a global biodiversity hotspot—a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is under threat from humans. Slash-and-burn agriculture is one of the human activities eroding Liberia's natural forests.

Liberia [SEP] Environmental issues

The survey was conducted during the last civil war, and bushmeat consumption is now believed to be far higher. Liberia is a global biodiversity hotspot—a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is under threat from humans. Slash-and-burn agriculture is one of the human activities eroding Liberia's natural forests. A 2004 UN report estimated that 99% of Liberians burned charcoal and fuel wood for cooking and heating, resulting in deforestation.


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Context: It  is a small hippopotamid.

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Context: is there corruption here?

Context: what environmental challenges are they facing?

Context: Liberia is a global biodiversity hotspot—a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is under threat from humans. Slash-and-burn agriculture is one of the human activities eroding Liberia's natural forests.

Question: was this nation part of any war?

Answer: No, it wasn't.

Liberia [SEP] First World War

Liberia remained neutral during World War I until August 4, 1917, when it declared war on Germany. In 1919 Liberia attended the Versailles Peace Conference. Liberia was one of the founding members of the League of Nations when it was founded in January 1920.


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Context: was this nation part of any war?

Context: No, it wasn't.

Question: what are the different types of ethnic groups?

Answer: 16 indigenous ethnic groups and various foreign minorities including Kpelle, Bassa, Mano, Gio or Dan, Kru, Grebo, Krahn, Vai, Gola, Mandingo

Liberia [SEP] Ethnic groups

The population includes 16 indigenous ethnic groups and various foreign minorities. Indigenous peoples comprise about 95 percent of the population. The 16 officially recognized ethnic groups include the Kpelle, Bassa, Mano, Gio or Dan, Kru, Grebo, Krahn, Vai, Gola, Mandingo or Mandinka, Mende, Kissi, Gbandi, Loma, Dei or Dewoin, Belleh, and Americo-Liberians or Congo people. The Kpelle comprise more than 20% of the population and are the largest ethnic group in Liberia, residing mostly in Bong County and adjacent areas in central Liberia. Americo-Liberians, who are descendants of African American and West Indian, mostly Barbadian (Bajan) settlers, make up 2.5%.


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Context: is there corruption here?

Context: was this nation part of any war?

Context: No, it wasn't.

Context: what are the different types of ethnic groups?

Context: 16 indigenous ethnic groups and various foreign minorities including Kpelle, Bassa, Mano, Gio or Dan, Kru, Grebo, Krahn, Vai, Gola, Mandingo

Question: what languages are spoken here?

Answer: English is the official language along with 31  indigenous languages by small percentage of population.

Explanation: English is the official language and serves as the "lingua franca" of Liberia. Thirty-one indigenous languages are spoken in Liberia, but each is a first language for only a small percentage of the population. Liberians also speak a variety of creolized dialects collectively known as Liberian English.

Liberia [SEP] Languages


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Context: was this nation part of any war?

Context: No, it wasn't.

Context: what languages are spoken here?

Context: English is the official language along with 31  indigenous languages by small percentage of population.

Question: what kind of food would you find here?

Answer: The cuisine heavily incorporates rice. Other ingredients include cassava, fish, bananas, citrus fruit, plantains, coconut, okra and sweet potatoes.

Explanation: Liberian cuisine heavily incorporates rice, the country's staple food. Other ingredients include cassava, fish, bananas, citrus fruit, plantains, coconut, okra and sweet potatoes. Heavy stews spiced with habanero and scotch bonnet chilies are popular and eaten with fufu. Liberia also has a tradition of baking imported from the United States that is unique in West Africa.

Liberia [SEP] Cuisine


Context: what is the pygmy hippopotamus?

Context: It  is a small hippopotamid.

Context: can you please describe it?

Context: They share the same general form as a hippopotamus. They have a graviportal skeleton, with four stubby legs and four toes on each foot, supporting a portly frame. The pygmy hippo, however, is only half as tall as the hippopotamus. The skin is  greenish-black or brown, shading to a creamy gray

Context: where is it found?

Context: It is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, primarily in Liberia, with small populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coas

Context: what does it eat?

Context: Its diet consists of ferns, broad-leaved plants and fruits

Context: how does it reproduce?

Context: A study of breeding behavior in the wild has never been conducted; the artificial conditions of captivity may cause the observed behavior of pygmy hippos in zoos to differ from natural conditions.

Context: are they extinct?

Context: Yes, several species of small hippopotamids have become extinct

Context: are there any conservation efforts being made to save the remaining ones?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what relation do they have to folklore?

Context: In Liberia the animal was traditionally known as a "water cow".

Context: what is the human population in this place that you just mentioned?

Context: As of the 2017 national census, Liberia was home to 4,694,608 people.

Context: is there corruption here?

Context: Yes, 89% of Liberians say they have had to pay a bribe.

Context: can you name some forests that are found here?

Context: Salt-tolerant mangrove trees and Upper Guinean rainforest.

Context: what environmental challenges are they facing?

Context: Liberia is a global biodiversity hotspot—a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is under threat from humans. Slash-and-burn agriculture is one of the human activities eroding Liberia's natural forests.

Context: was this nation part of any war?

Context: No, it wasn't.

Context: what are the different types of ethnic groups?

Context: 16 indigenous ethnic groups and various foreign minorities including Kpelle, Bassa, Mano, Gio or Dan, Kru, Grebo, Krahn, Vai, Gola, Mandingo

Context: what languages are spoken here?

Context: English is the official language along with 31  indigenous languages by small percentage of population.

Context: what kind of food would you find here?

Context: The cuisine heavily incorporates rice. Other ingredients include cassava, fish, bananas, citrus fruit, plantains, coconut, okra and sweet potatoes.

Question: which religions are followed?

Answer: Christianity, Muslim

Liberia [SEP] Religion

According to the 2008 National Census, 85.6% of the population practices Christianity, while Muslims represent a minority of 12.2%. A multitude of diverse Protestant confessions such as Lutheran, Baptist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Pentecostal, United Methodist, African Methodist Episcopal (AME) and African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AME Zion) denominations form the bulk of the Christian population, followed by adherents of the Roman Catholic Church and other non-Protestant Christians. Most of these Christian denominations were brought by African American settlers moving from the United States into Liberia via the American Colonization Society, while some are indigenous—especially Pentecostal and evangelical Protestant ones. Protestantism was originally associated with Black American settlers and their Americo-Liberian descendants, while native peoples held to their own animist forms of African traditional religion.