Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons.

Context: what is this title?

Context: who has directed this prodcution?

Context: what is the storyline adapted from?

Context: can you name a few more characters?

Context: An English playwright, poet, and actor.

Context: Elton Jhon, Tim Rice and Hans Zimmer.

Context: James Earl Jones.

Context: from the above music composers, did the first person have a band?

Context: Yes, Bluesology.

Question: has there been a movie made on his life?

Answer: Yes, "Rocketman".

Elton John [SEP] "Rocketman" biopic and retirement tour (2018–present)

In September 2018, John reportedly signed an agreement with Universal Music Group (UMG) to represent his new music "for the rest of his career" in addition to his work from the last 50 years. A biopic about John's life from his childhood to the 1980s, "Rocketman", was produced by Paramount Pictures and released in May 2019. It was directed by Dexter Fletcher, who had also directed "Bohemian Rhapsody" (a biopic about John's close friend Freddie Mercury), and stars Taron Egerton as John. John and Egerton performed a new song written for "Rocketman", "(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again", which premiered on BBC Radio 2 in 2019.


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons.

Context: what is this title?

Context: Scar is an animated character who appears as the main antagonist in Disney's "The Lion King" franchise.

Context: who has directed this prodcution?

Context: The original was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff.

Context: what is the storyline adapted from?

Context: Biblical stories of Joseph and Moses, and William Shakespeare's "Hamlet".

Context: can you name a few more characters?

Context: King Mufasa, Queen Sarabi, Simba, Rafiki the mandrill, Zazu, Nala, Shenzi, Banzai and Ed.

Context: who is the person who wrote the second book mentioned above?

Context: An English playwright, poet, and actor.

Context: who has composed the music for this franchise?

Context: Elton Jhon, Tim Rice and Hans Zimmer.

Context: who has played the first character mentioned in the above list?

Context: James Earl Jones.

Context: Yes, Bluesology.

Context: has there been a movie made on his life?

Context: Yes, "Rocketman".

Question: when was it released?

Answer: May 2019.

"Rocketman" biopic and retirement tour (2018–present)

Explanation: A biopic about John's life from his childhood to the 1980s, "Rocketman", was produced by Paramount Pictures and released in May 2019. I


Context: whose voice is scar in the lion king

Context: Jeremy Irons.

Context: what is this title?

Context: who has directed this prodcution?

Context: what is the storyline adapted from?

Context: can you name a few more characters?

Context: An English playwright, poet, and actor.

Context: Elton Jhon, Tim Rice and Hans Zimmer.

Context: James Earl Jones.

Context: Yes, Bluesology.

Context: Yes, "Rocketman".

Context: when was it released?

Context: May 2019.

Question: have there been sequels made on the original franchise?

Answer: Yes, a direct-to video sequel and a television film sequel .

The Lion King (franchise) [SEP] Introduction

The Lion King is a Disney media franchise comprising a film series and additional media. The success of the original 1994 American animated feature, "The Lion King", directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, led to a direct-to-video sequel, a spin-off movie, a 2019 film remake, a television film sequel, two spin-off television series, three educational shorts, several video games, merchandise, and the third-longest-running musical in Broadway history, which garnered six Tony Awards including Best Musical. The franchise, led by the musical's box office at $8.1 billion (as of December 2017), is the highest-grossing entertainment property. The franchise as a whole has EGOT-ed, meaning it has won the four biggest awards of American show business.


Question: how did kanchipuram get its name?

Answer: From Tamil words  "Ka" meaning Brahma &"anchi" meaning worship, showing that Kanchi stands for the place where Lord Varadharaja Perumal Temple was worshipped by Lord Brahma.

Kanchipuram [SEP] Etymology

Kanchipuram was known in early Tamil literature as "Kanchi" or "Kachipedu". In Tamil the word split into two: ka and anchi. "Ka" means Brahma &"anchi" means worship, showing that Kanchi stands for the place where Lord Varadharaja Perumal Temple was worshipped by Lord Brahma. In Sanskrit the term Kanci means girdle and explanation is given that the city is like a girdle to the earth. The earliest Sanskrit inscriptions from the Gupta period (325–185 BCE) denote the city as "Kanchipuram", where King Visnugopa was defeated by Samudragupta. Patanjali (150 BCE or 2nd century BCE) refers to the city in his "Mahabhasya" as "Kanchipuraka".


Context: how did kanchipuram get its name?

Context: From Tamil words  "Ka" meaning Brahma &"anchi" meaning worship, showing that Kanchi stands for the place where Lord Varadharaja Perumal Temple was worshipped by Lord Brahma.

Question: which state does the place belong to?

Answer: Tamil Nadu.

Kanchipuram [SEP] Introduction

Kanchipuram, also known as Kānchi ('; ) or Kancheepuram, is a temple city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu in Tondaimandalam region, from Chennaithe capital of Tamil Nadu. The city covers an area of and had a population of 164,265 in 2011. It is the administrative headquarters of Kanchipuram District. Kanchipuram is well-connected by road and rail. Kanchipuram is a Tamil word formed by combining two words "Kanchi" and "-puram" meaning "Brahma" and "residential place" respectively and located on the banks of the Vegavathy river. Kanchipuram has been ruled by the Pallavas, the Medieval Cholas, the Later Cholas, the Later Pandyas, the Vijayanagara Empire, the Carnatic kingdom, and the British, who called the city "Conjeeveram".


Context: how did kanchipuram get its name?

Context: which state does the place belong to?

Context: Tamil Nadu.

Question: can you name a few airports from it?

Answer: Chennai International Airport, Coimbatore International Airport, Tiruchirapalli International Airport and Madurai International Airport.

Tamil Nadu [SEP] Airports

Tamil Nadu has four international airports, namely Chennai International Airport, Coimbatore International Airport, Tiruchirapalli International Airport and Madurai International Airport. It has the largest number of International Airports along with Kerala. Salem Airport, Thoothukudi Airport and Vellore Airport are the domestic airports. Chennai International Airport is a major international airport and aviation hub in South Asia. Besides civilian airports, the state has four air bases of the Indian Air Force namely Thanjavur AFS, Tambram AFS, Coimbatore AFS and two naval air stations INS Rajali and INS Parundu of Indian Navy. Neyveli Airport is being renovated since 2019 to start the service from mid 2020.


Context: how did kanchipuram get its name?

Context: which state does the place belong to?

Context: Tamil Nadu.

Context: can you name a few airports from it?

Context: Chennai International Airport, Coimbatore International Airport, Tiruchirapalli International Airport and Madurai International Airport.

Question: when did the first one start operating?

Answer: The first aircraft landed in 1932.

Chennai International Airport [SEP] Airport terminals

Madras Airport was one of the first airports of India, commissioned in 1948. The airport was built on land donated by the former governor of Madras Presidency, K Sriramulu Naidu. Although the first aircraft "de Havilland" landed in Madras Airport in 1932, the usage was confined only to military operations during World War II. In 1952, the Civil Aviation Department took over its operations followed by the AAI in 1972. The first passenger art deco–style terminal was completed in 1954 on the North East side of Meenambakkam village, thus being referred to as Meenambakkam Airport. In the early 80's a new terminal was built at Tirusulam and passenger operations were shifted.


Context: how did kanchipuram get its name?

Context: which state does the place belong to?

Context: Tamil Nadu.

Context: can you name a few airports from it?

Context: when did the first one start operating?

Context: The first aircraft landed in 1932.

Question: which one was that?

Answer: "de Havilland".

Explanation: Although the first aircraft "de Havilland" landed in Madras Airport in 1932,


Question: where is the black mirror crocodile episode filmed

Answer: Iceland

Explanation: Filmed in Iceland, the episode centres on Mia (Andrea Riseborough) who is distressed about having helped her friend Rob (Andrew Gower) cover up a hit-and-run death.

Crocodile (Black Mirror) [SEP] Introduction

Shazia (Kiran Sonia Sawar) meanwhile is hired to investigate the crash, and uses a Recaller device that allows her to see the recent memories of those she interviews.


Context: where is the black mirror crocodile episode filmed

Context: Iceland

Question: when was it released?

Answer: 29 December 2017

"Crocodile" is the third episode of the fourth series of anthology series "Black Mirror". It was written by Charlie Brooker and directed by John Hillcoat. The episode first aired on Netflix, along with the rest of series four, on 29 December 2017. Filmed in Iceland, the episode centres on Mia (Andrea Riseborough) who is distressed about having helped her friend Rob (Andrew Gower) cover up a hit-and-run death. Fifteen years later, Rob wants to confess their crime, leading Mia to kill him and dispose of his body. Shortly after, Mia witnesses a non-fatal collision between a pedestrian and self-driving vehicle.


Context: Iceland

Context: when was it released?

Context: 29 December 2017

Question: who is the director?

Answer: John Hillcoat

Explanation: "Crocodile" is the third episode of the fourth series of anthology series "Black Mirror". It was written by Charlie Brooker and directed by John Hillcoat.


Context: Iceland

Context: when was it released?

Context: 29 December 2017

Context: who is the director?

Context: John Hillcoat

Question: what is the star cast of the film?

Answer: Andrea Riseborough, Andrew Gower, etc.

Explanation: Filmed in Iceland, the episode centres on Mia (Andrea Riseborough) who is distressed about having helped her friend Rob (Andrew Gower) cover up a hit-and-run death. Fifteen years later, Rob wants to confess their crime,


Context: Iceland

Context: when was it released?

Context: 29 December 2017

Context: who is the director?

Context: John Hillcoat

Context: what is the star cast of the film?

Context: Andrea Riseborough, Andrew Gower, etc.

Question: what is the storyline?

Answer: The episode centres on Mia who is distressed about having helped her friend Rob cover up a hit-and-run death.


Context: Iceland

Context: when was it released?

Context: 29 December 2017

Context: who is the director?

Context: John Hillcoat

Context: what is the star cast of the film?

Context: Andrea Riseborough, Andrew Gower, etc.

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: The episode centres on Mia who is distressed about having helped her friend Rob cover up a hit-and-run death.

Question: where is the director from?

Answer: Queensland, Australia.

John Hillcoat [SEP] Early life

Hillcoat was born in Queensland, Australia, and was raised in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. As a child, his paintings were featured in the Art Gallery of Hamilton. He attended Sir. John A. Macdonald Secondary School in Hamilton, Ontario, and was enrolled in the Special Art Program. He was active with the McMaster University Film Board most notably producing an animated short titled "The Finger".


Context: Iceland

Context: when was it released?

Context: 29 December 2017

Context: who is the director?

Context: John Hillcoat

Context: what is the star cast of the film?

Context: Andrea Riseborough, Andrew Gower, etc.

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: Queensland, Australia.

Question: can you name a few famous places to visit here?

Answer: Brisbane, the Gold Coast, the Sunshine Coast and the Great Barrier Reef.

Explanation: The most visited tourist destinations of Queensland include Brisbane (including Moreton and South Stradbroke islands, the Gold Coast, the Sunshine Coast, the Great Barrier Reef, Cairns, Port Douglas, the Daintree Rainforest, Fraser Island and the Whitsunday Islands.

Queensland [SEP] Tourism

Brisbane is the third most popular destination in Australia following Sydney and Melbourne. Major attractions in its metropolitan area include South Bank Parklands, the Queensland Cultural Centre (including the Queensland Museum, Queensland Art Gallery, Gallery of Modern Art, Queensland Performing Arts Centre and State Library of Queensland), City Hall, the Story Bridge, the Howard Smith Wharves, ANZAC Square, St John's Cathedral, Fortitude Valley (including James Street and Chinatown), West End, the Teneriffe woolstores precinct, the Brisbane River and its Riverwalk network, the City Botanic Gardens, Roma Street Parkland, New Farm Park (including the Brisbane Powerhouse), the Kangaroo Point Cliffs and park, the Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, the Mount Coot-tha Reserve (including Mount Coot-tha Lookout and Mount Coot-tha Botanic Gardens), the D'Aguilar Range and National Park, as well as Moreton Bay (including Moreton, North Stradbroke and Bribie islands, and coastal suburbs such as Shorncliffe, Wynnum and those on the Redcliffe Peninsula).


Context: Iceland

Context: when was it released?

Context: 29 December 2017

Context: who is the director?

Context: John Hillcoat

Context: what is the star cast of the film?

Context: Andrea Riseborough, Andrew Gower, etc.

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: Queensland, Australia.

Context: can you name a few famous places to visit here?

Context: Brisbane, the Gold Coast, the Sunshine Coast and the Great Barrier Reef.

Question: why is the last mentioned place famous?

Answer: It is the world's largest coral reef system in the Coral Sea.

Great Barrier Reef [SEP] Introduction

The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over over an area of approximately . The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia. The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms. This reef structure is composed of and built by billions of tiny organisms, known as coral polyps. It supports a wide diversity of life and was selected as a World Heritage Site in 1981. CNN labelled it one of the seven natural wonders of the world.


Context: Iceland

Context: when was it released?

Context: 29 December 2017

Context: who is the director?

Context: John Hillcoat

Context: what is the star cast of the film?

Context: Andrea Riseborough, Andrew Gower, etc.

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: Queensland, Australia.

Context: why is the last mentioned place famous?

Context: It is the world's largest coral reef system in the Coral Sea.

Question: what is the meaning of this system?

Answer: It is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals.

Coral reef [SEP] Introduction

A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups. Coral belongs to the class Anthozoa in the animal phylum Cnidaria, which includes sea anemones and jellyfish. Unlike sea anemones, corals secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons that support and protect the coral. Most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated water. Coral reefs first appeared 485 million years ago, at the dawn of the Early Ordovician, displacing the microbial and sponge reefs of the Cambrian.


Context: Iceland

Context: when was it released?

Context: 29 December 2017

Context: who is the director?

Context: John Hillcoat

Context: what is the star cast of the film?

Context: Andrea Riseborough, Andrew Gower, etc.

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: Queensland, Australia.

Context: why is the last mentioned place famous?

Context: what is the meaning of this system?

Context: It is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals.

Question: how is this ecosystem formed?

Answer: They are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate.

Explanation: Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate.

Coral reef [SEP] Introduction


Context: Iceland

Context: when was it released?

Context: 29 December 2017

Context: who is the director?

Context: John Hillcoat

Context: what is the star cast of the film?

Context: Andrea Riseborough, Andrew Gower, etc.

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: Queensland, Australia.

Context: why is the last mentioned place famous?

Context: what is the meaning of this system?

Context: how is this ecosystem formed?

Context: They are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate.

Question: how many seasons were released of the aforementioned series?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Coral reef [SEP] Introduction


Context: Iceland

Context: when was it released?

Context: 29 December 2017

Context: who is the director?

Context: John Hillcoat

Context: what is the star cast of the film?

Context: Andrea Riseborough, Andrew Gower, etc.

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: Queensland, Australia.

Context: why is the last mentioned place famous?

Context: what is the meaning of this system?

Context: how is this ecosystem formed?

Context: how many seasons were released of the aforementioned series?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how was the series received by the audience?

Answer: The first series has been praised as being creative and shocking with twists-in-the-tale reminiscent of "The Twilight Zone".

Explanation: The first series has been praised as being creative and shocking with twists-in-the-tale reminiscent of "The Twilight Zone".

Black Mirror [SEP] Critical response

She continued: a third of the way through the second episode, she had lost hope of its concluding well, "the acting was unbelievable, the script was riddled with horror-film cliches, the violence was a bit over the top", but that by the end, "I turned out to be absolutely dead wrong on every single count." She ended the piece with: "It's another work of dark and twisted genius from Mr Brooker." The second series is popular in China. Wen Bai at "Information Times" thought the second series was still "cannily made", and "near perfection".


Context: Iceland

Context: when was it released?

Context: 29 December 2017

Context: who is the director?

Context: John Hillcoat

Context: what is the star cast of the film?

Context: Andrea Riseborough, Andrew Gower, etc.

Context: what is the storyline?

Context: where is the director from?

Context: Queensland, Australia.

Context: why is the last mentioned place famous?

Context: what is the meaning of this system?

Context: how is this ecosystem formed?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how was the series received by the audience?

Question: is the above mentioned tale also directed by the same person?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Black Mirror [SEP] Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes, series 1 received a 98% rating, series 2 received an 87% rating, "White Christmas" received a 89% rating, series 3 received an 86% rating and a score of 82 on Metacritic, series 4 received an 85% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a score of 72 on Metacritic, "Bandersnatch" holds a 73% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a score of 61 on Metacritic, and series 5 holds a rating of 68% on Rotten Tomatoes and a score of 65 on Metacritic. The first series has been praised as being creative and shocking with twists-in-the-tale reminiscent of "The Twilight Zone".


Question: what is metabolism?

Answer: The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.

Metabolism [SEP] Introduction

Metabolism (, from "metabolē", "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main purposes of metabolism are: the conversion of food to energy to run cellular processes; the conversion of food/fuel to building blocks for proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the elimination of metabolic wastes. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. (The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism).


Context: what is metabolism?

Context: The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.

Question: what are the key biochemicals?

Answer: Amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid and lipids

Metabolism [SEP] Key biochemicals

Most of the structures that make up animals, plants and microbes are made from four basic classes of molecule: amino acids, carbohydrates , nucleic acid and lipids (often called fats). As these molecules are vital for life, metabolic reactions either focus on making these molecules during the construction of cells and tissues, or by breaking them down and using them as a source of energy, by their digestion. These biochemicals can be joined together to make polymers such as DNA and proteins, essential macromolecules of life.


Context: what is metabolism?

Context: what are the key biochemicals?

Context: Amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid and lipids

Question: how is the name of the second one formed?

Answer: Carbon + hydrogen + oxygen (usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 as in water)

Carbohydrate [SEP] Introduction

A carbohydrate () is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where "m" may be different from "n"). However, not all carbohydrates conform to this precise stoichiometric definition (e.g., uronic acids, deoxy-sugars such as fucose), nor are all chemicals that do conform to this definition automatically classified as carbohydrates (e.g. formaldehyde). The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of saccharide, a group that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. The saccharides are divided into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.


Context: what is metabolism?

Context: what are the key biochemicals?

Context: how is the name of the second one formed?

Context: Carbon + hydrogen + oxygen (usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 as in water)

Question: can you tell me about its structure?

Answer: A typical monosaccharide has the structure H–(CHOH)(C=O)–(CHOH)–H

Carbohydrate [SEP] Structure

glycosaminoglycans), carboxylic acid (e.g. sialic acid) and deoxy modifications (e.g. fucose and sialic acid). Natural saccharides are generally built of simple carbohydrates called monosaccharides with general formula (CHO) where "n" is three or more. A typical monosaccharide has the structure H–(CHOH)(C=O)–(CHOH)–H, that is, an aldehyde or ketone with many hydroxyl groups added, usually one on each carbon atom that is not part of the aldehyde or ketone functional group. Examples of monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and glyceraldehydes. However, some biological substances commonly called "monosaccharides" do not conform to this formula (e.g. uronic acids and deoxy-sugars such as fucose) and there are many chemicals that do conform to this formula but are not considered to be monosaccharides (e.g.


Context: what is metabolism?

Context: what are the key biochemicals?

Context: can you tell me about its structure?

Context: A typical monosaccharide has the structure H–(CHOH)(C=O)–(CHOH)–H

Question: how is the aforementioned structure cyclised?

Answer: The open-chain form of a monosaccharide often coexists with a closed ring form where the aldehyde/ketone carbonyl group carbon (C=O) and hydroxyl group (–OH) react forming a hemiacetal with a new C–O–C bridge.

Carbohydrate [SEP] Structure

formaldehyde CHO and inositol (CHO)). The open-chain form of a monosaccharide often coexists with a closed ring form where the aldehyde/ketone carbonyl group carbon (C=O) and hydroxyl group (–OH) react forming a hemiacetal with a new C–O–C bridge.


Context: what is metabolism?

Context: what are the key biochemicals?

Context: can you tell me about its structure?

Context: how is the aforementioned structure cyclised?

Context: The open-chain form of a monosaccharide often coexists with a closed ring form where the aldehyde/ketone carbonyl group carbon (C=O) and hydroxyl group (–OH) react forming a hemiacetal with a new C–O–C bridge.

Question: what can you tell me about the fourth biochemical mentioned above?

Answer: Often called fats, they are hydrophobic biological molecules but will dissolve in organic solvents such as alcohol, benzene.

Explanation: Lipids are the most diverse group of biochemicals. Their main structural uses are as part of biological membranes both internal and external, such as the cell membrane, or as a source of energy. Lipids are usually defined as hydrophobic or amphipathic biological molecules but will dissolve in organic solvents such as alcohol, benzene or chloroform. The fats are a large group of compounds that contain fatty acids and glycerol; a glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acid esters is called a triacylglyceride. Several variations on this basic structure exist, including backbones such as sphingosine in the sphingomyelin, and hydrophilic groups such as phosphate as in phospholipids. Steroids such as sterol are another major class of lipids.

Metabolism [SEP] Lipids


Context: what is metabolism?

Context: what are the key biochemicals?

Context: can you tell me about its structure?

Context: what can you tell me about the fourth biochemical mentioned above?

Context: Often called fats, they are hydrophobic biological molecules but will dissolve in organic solvents such as alcohol, benzene.

Question: what is its role in our health?

Answer: To  facilitate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K and carotenoids;

Explanation: Some dietary fat is necessary to facilitate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) and carotenoids. Humans and other mammals have a dietary requirement for certain essential fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) and alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) because they cannot be synthesized from simple precursors in the diet. Both of these fatty acids are 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids differing in the number and position of the double bonds. Most vegetable oils are rich in linoleic acid (safflower, sunflower, and corn oils). Alpha-linolenic acid is found in the green leaves of plants, and in selected seeds, nuts, and legumes (in particular flax, rapeseed, walnut, and soy). Fish oils are particularly rich in the longer-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Many studies have shown positive health benefits associated with consumption of omega-3 fatty acids on infant development, cancer, cardiovas

Lipid [SEP] Nutrition and health

Most of the fat found in food is in the form of triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids. Some dietary fat is necessary to facilitate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) and carotenoids. Humans and other mammals have a dietary requirement for certain essential fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) and alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) because they cannot be synthesized from simple precursors in the diet. Both of these fatty acids are 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids differing in the number and position of the double bonds. Most vegetable oils are rich in linoleic acid (safflower, sunflower, and corn oils).


Context: what is metabolism?

Context: what are the key biochemicals?

Context: can you tell me about its structure?

Context: what is its role in our health?

Context: To  facilitate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K and carotenoids;

Question: what are the other sources of the first vitamin?

Answer: Carrots

Explanation: All forms of vitamin A have a beta-ionone ring to which an isoprenoid chain is attached, called a "retinyl group". Both structural features are essential for vitamin activity. The orange pigment of carrots (beta-carotene) can be represented as two connected retinyl groups, which are used in the body to contribute to vitamin A levels. Alpha-carotene and gamma-carotene also have a single retinyl group, which give them some vitamin activity. None of the other carotenes have vitamin activity. The carotenoid beta-cryptoxanthin possesses an ionone group and has vitamin activity in humans.

Vitamin A [SEP] Introduction

In foods of animal origin, the major form of vitamin A is an ester, primarily retinyl palmitate, which is converted to retinol (chemically an alcohol) in the small intestine. The retinol form functions as a storage form of the vitamin, and can be converted to and from its visually active aldehyde form, retinal. All forms of vitamin A have a beta-ionone ring to which an isoprenoid chain is attached, called a "retinyl group". Both structural features are essential for vitamin activity. The orange pigment of carrots (beta-carotene) can be represented as two connected retinyl groups, which are used in the body to contribute to vitamin A levels.


Context: what is metabolism?

Context: what are the key biochemicals?

Context: can you tell me about its structure?

Context: what is its role in our health?

Context: what are the other sources of the first vitamin?

Context: Carrots

Question: what does its deficiency cause?

Answer: Blindness

Explanation: Vitamin A deficiency is estimated to affect approximately one third of children under the age of five around the world. It is estimated to claim the lives of 670,000 children under five annually. Between 250,000 and 500,000 children in developing countries become blind each year owing to vitamin A deficiency, with the highest prevalence in Africa and southeast Asia. Vitamin A deficiency is "the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness", according to UNICEF. It also increases the risk of death from common childhood conditions such as diarrhea. UNICEF regards addressing vitamin A deficiency as critical to reducing child mortality, the fourth of the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals.

Vitamin A [SEP] Deficiency


Context: what is metabolism?

Context: what are the key biochemicals?

Context: can you tell me about its structure?

Context: what is its role in our health?

Context: Carrots

Context: what does its deficiency cause?

Context: Blindness

Question: what are its various supplements?

Answer: A combination of breast feeding and dietary intake, delivery of oral high-dose supplements

Vitamin A [SEP] Vitamin A supplementation

While strategies include intake of vitamin A through a combination of breast feeding and dietary intake, delivery of oral high-dose supplements remain the principal strategy for minimizing deficiency. About 75% of the vitamin A required for supplementation activity by developing countries is supplied by the Micronutrient Initiative with support from the Canadian International Development Agency. Food fortification approaches are feasible, but cannot ensure adequate intake levels. Observational studies of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa have shown that low serum vitamin A levels are associated with an increased risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Low blood vitamin A levels have been associated with rapid HIV infection and deaths.


Question: what is the paperboys?

Answer: Canadian folk music band

The Paperboys [SEP] Introduction

The Paperboys (sometimes billed and credited as Tom Landa and the Paperboys) are a Canadian folk music band from Vancouver that formed in 1991. The Paperboys blend Celtic folk with bluegrass, Mexican, Eastern European, African, zydeco, soul and country influences. The band has had a variety of members and line-ups since its original formation, with Landa remaining as the sole founding member, although veteran banjoist/bassist Cam Salay often returns as a guest performer. Known for consistently creating pop songs with melodic hooks, their music has been called versatile, with a wide range of influences, melding diverse musical influences more successfully than some other Irish rock bands have previously.


Context:
what is the paperboys?
Canadian folk music band

Question: who are the members?

Answer: Christopher Jonat, Tom Landa, Jeremy Hughes, Kevin Ball and Dave Plenkovich

The Paperboys [SEP] Formation and roster

The Paperboys were originally formed in 1991 by bassist Christopher Jonat and Tom Landa on acoustic guitar and vocals, with Jeremy Hughes on accordion and vocals, Kevin Ball on fiddle, and Dave Plenkovich on drums. This early version of the band was very popular with the Vancouver college crowds, but after creative discrepancies Landa kept the Paperboys name, and all the other remaining band members reformed as The Clumsy Lovers. Tom Landa was born in Mexico to a Canadian mother of Irish ancestry and a Mexican father, and later moved from Mexico City to Vancouver, British Columbia. Initially, Landa discovered Celtic music via the Canadian band Spirit of the West, whose flautist and co-vocalist was Geoffrey Kelly.


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: Christopher Jonat, Tom Landa, Jeremy Hughes, Kevin Ball and Dave Plenkovich

Question: name any famous albums or songs .

Answer: Late As Usual and Molinos

The Paperboys [SEP] Introduction

The Paperboys first studio album, "Late As Usual", was released on their own record label"Stompy Discs" in 1995. They also created "Stomp Productions" to produce and market their work themselves. Their first three studio albums have received Juno Award nominations, with 1997's "Molinos" winning for the Roots and Traditional Album of the Year category. They also won a West Coast Music Award the same year. Their album "Postcards" won a West Coast Music Award in 2000.


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: name any famous albums or songs .

Context: Late As Usual and Molinos

Question: how was their style?

Answer: A fusion of Celtic folk with Bluegrass, Mexican, Eastern European, African, zydeco, soul and country influences

The Paperboys [SEP] Musical style and influences

The "Washington Post" and "Billboard" have referred to The Paperboys' music as 'reminiscent of early Elton John and Van Morrison', and they have also been compared at times to a "laid back country version" of The Eagles. While their music is sometimes hard to describe, The Paperboys themselves have described it as ""Guinness with a tequila chaser while listening to an Americana Jukebox."" Other descriptions of The Paperboys have described a fusion of Celtic folk with Bluegrass, Mexican, Eastern European, African, zydeco, soul and country influences. Their songs range from traditional Celtic jigs to modern love songs. Landa has said that one of his own stronger influences in music is the Mexican style of music called Son Jarocho, whose most well-known song is Ritchie Valens's La Bamba.


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: name any famous albums or songs .

Context: Late As Usual and Molinos

Context: how was their style?

Context: A fusion of Celtic folk with Bluegrass, Mexican, Eastern European, African, zydeco, soul and country influences

Question: can you mention any instruments that were played by the members?

Answer: Acoustic guitar, accordion, fiddle and drums


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: name any famous albums or songs .

Context: Late As Usual and Molinos

Context: how was their style?

Context: can you mention any instruments that were played by the members?

Context: Acoustic guitar, accordion, fiddle and drums

Question: could you please describe the third?

Answer: It is a bowed string musical instrument, most often a violin

Fiddle [SEP] Introduction

A fiddle is a bowed string musical instrument, most often a violin. It is a colloquial term for the violin, used by players in all genres including classical music. Although violins and fiddles are essentially synonymous, the style of the music played may determine specific construction differences between fiddles and classical violins. For example, fiddles may optionally be set up with a bridge with a flatter arch to reduce the range of bow-arm motion needed for techniques such as the double shuffle, a form of bariolage involving rapid alternation between pairs of adjacent strings. To produce a "brighter" tone, compared to the deeper tones of gut or synthetic core strings, fiddlers often use steel strings.


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: name any famous albums or songs .

Context: Late As Usual and Molinos

Context: how was their style?

Context: could you please describe the third?

Context: It is a bowed string musical instrument, most often a violin

Question: where from does it get its name?

Answer: It is uncertain but it probably derives from the Latin "fidula", which is the early word for "violin", or it may be natively Germanic

Fiddle [SEP] Etymology

The etymology of "fiddle" is uncertain: it probably derives from the Latin "fidula", which is the early word for "violin", or it may be natively Germanic. The name appears to be related to Icelandic Fiðla and also Old English "fiðele". A native Germanic ancestor of "fiddle" might even be the ancestor of the early Romance form of "violin". In medieval times, "fiddle" also referred to a predecessor of today's violin. Like the violin, it tended to have four strings, but came in a variety of shapes and sizes. Another family of instruments that contributed to the development of the modern fiddle are the viols, which are held between the legs and played vertically, and have fretted fingerboards.


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: name any famous albums or songs .

Context: Late As Usual and Molinos

Context: how was their style?

Context: could you please describe the third?

Context: where from does it get its name?

Context: It is uncertain but it probably derives from the Latin "fidula", which is the early word for "violin", or it may be natively Germanic

Question: does it have variations?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Fiddle [SEP] Etymology


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: name any famous albums or songs .

Context: Late As Usual and Molinos

Context: how was their style?

Context: could you please describe the third?

Context: where from does it get its name?

Context: does it have variations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is it popular in mexico?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Fiddle [SEP] Etymology


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: name any famous albums or songs .

Context: Late As Usual and Molinos

Context: how was their style?

Context: could you please describe the third?

Context: where from does it get its name?

Context: does it have variations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it popular in mexico?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did the band win any awards?

Answer: Yes. Roots and Traditional Album of the Year and West Coast Music Award

Explanation: with 1997's "Molinos" winning for the Roots and Traditional Album of the Year category. They also won a West Coast Music Award the same year.

The Paperboys [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: name any famous albums or songs .

Context: Late As Usual and Molinos

Context: how was their style?

Context: could you please describe the third?

Context: where from does it get its name?

Context: does it have variations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it popular in mexico?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the band win any awards?

Context: Yes. Roots and Traditional Album of the Year and West Coast Music Award

Question: what about the juno ?

Answer: Their first three studio albums have received Juno Award nominations

Explanation: Their first three studio albums have received Juno Award nominations,

The Paperboys [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: name any famous albums or songs .

Context: Late As Usual and Molinos

Context: how was their style?

Context: could you please describe the third?

Context: where from does it get its name?

Context: does it have variations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it popular in mexico?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the band win any awards?

Context: what about the juno ?

Context: Their first three studio albums have received Juno Award nominations

Question: to whom is this award usually given?

Answer: Canadian musical artists and bands

Juno Award [SEP] Introduction

The Juno Awards, more popularly known as the JUNOS, are awards presented annually to Canadian musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music. New members of the Canadian Music Hall of Fame are also inducted as part of the awards ceremonies. The Juno Awards are often referred to as the Canadian equivalent of the Brit Awards in Great Britain or the Grammy Awards given in the United States. Members of the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (CARAS), or a panel of experts, depending on the award, choose the award winners.


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: name any famous albums or songs .

Context: Late As Usual and Molinos

Context: how was their style?

Context: could you please describe the third?

Context: where from does it get its name?

Context: does it have variations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it popular in mexico?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the band win any awards?

Context: what about the juno ?

Context: to whom is this award usually given?

Context: Canadian musical artists and bands

Question: by whom are they nominated?

Answer: CARAS members

Juno Award [SEP] Nomination process

Musicians or their representatives submit music released during the eligibility period to CARAS, designated for the appropriate nomination categories. Nominations other than for the International Album of the Year may only be awarded to Canadians who have lived in Canada during the last six months of the eligibility period, and are deemed Canadian by birth, passport or immigration status. Following the close of the eligibility period, CARAS conducts an initial vote by its members to establish the list of nominees in most categories. Sales figures determined the nominees for Album of the Year and International Album of the Year. Sales along with a jury vote determine the New Artist of the Year, New Group of the Year, Rock Album of the Year and Pop Album of the Year.


Context: what is the paperboys?

Context: Canadian folk music band

Context: who are the members?

Context: name any famous albums or songs .

Context: Late As Usual and Molinos

Context: how was their style?

Context: could you please describe the third?

Context: where from does it get its name?

Context: does it have variations?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is it popular in mexico?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the band win any awards?

Context: what about the juno ?

Context: to whom is this award usually given?

Context: Canadian musical artists and bands

Context: by whom are they nominated?

Context: CARAS members

Question: full form?

Answer: Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences

Explanation: Members of the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (CARAS)

Juno Award [SEP] Introduction


Question: when do the new season of doctor who start

Answer: On 15 April 2017

Doctor Who (series 10) [SEP] Introduction

The tenth series of the British science fiction television programme "Doctor Who" premiered on 15 April 2017 and concluded on 1 July 2017, and consisted of twelve episodes, after it was announced in July 2015 that BBC Worldwide had invested in a tenth series of the programme in its annual review. The series is led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat, alongside executive producer Brian Minchin. It is the third and final series overseen by the two as executive producers, as well as Moffat's sixth and final series as head writer. This series is the tenth to air following the programme's revival in 2005, and is the thirty-sixth season overall.


Context: when do the new season of doctor who start

Context: On 15 April 2017

Question: which actor plays the titular character in it?

Answer: Peter Capaldi

Doctor Who (series 10) [SEP] Casting

Peter Capaldi reprised his role as the Twelfth Doctor in his third and final series; he left after the 2017 Christmas special, while Pearl Mackie portrays the newest companion Bill Potts, after the departure of Jenna Coleman. To avoid leaks while casting the new companion, the production team used the word "Mean Town", an anagram of "Ten Woman"; this is a reference to the fact that Bill is the companion of the tenth series, and was revealed by the casting director Andy Pryor to Radio Times. Mackie made her first appearance in the first episode of the tenth series, and portrays the first openly gay companion.


Context: On 15 April 2017

Context: which actor plays the titular character in it?

Context: Peter Capaldi

Question: who were some of his co-stars in this season?

Answer: Pearl Mackle, Bill Potts, Matt Lucas among others

Explanation: Peter Capaldi reprised his role as the Twelfth Doctor in his third and final series; he left after the 2017 Christmas special, while Pearl Mackie portrays the newest companion Bill Potts, after the departure of Jenna Coleman. To avoid leaks while casting the new companion, the production team used the word "Mean Town", an anagram of "Ten Woman"; this is a reference to the fact that Bill is the companion of the tenth series, and was revealed by the casting director Andy Pryor to Radio Times. Mackie made her first appearance in the first episode of the tenth series, and portrays the first openly gay companion. Matt Lucas returned in his role as Nardole, as seen in the 2015 and 2016 Christmas specials "The Husbands of River Song" and "The Return of Doctor Mysterio", in a regular role that started from the first episode of the series, but would not appear in every episode.

Doctor Who (series 10) [SEP] Casting


Context: On 15 April 2017

Context: Peter Capaldi

Context: who were some of his co-stars in this season?

Context: Pearl Mackle, Bill Potts, Matt Lucas among others

Question: where was it filmed?

Answer: Filming began on 20 June 2016

Directors of the series included three who have previously worked on the show, and three brand new ones. Filming began on 20 June 2016 and lasted just over nine months, ending on 7 April 2017. The series received positive reviews from critics. The performances of Capaldi and Mackie were met with the most praise, as well as the writing, plots and themes of the episodes.


Context: On 15 April 2017

Context: Peter Capaldi

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: Filming began on 20 June 2016

Question: which are the places where they filmed it?

Answer: Filmed in Valencia, Spain.

Doctor Who (series 10) [SEP] Filming

The read-through for the first production block of the tenth series took place on 14 June 2016. Filming began on 20 June 2016. The second episode was filmed in Valencia, Spain. Shooting for the first block concluded on 28 July 2016. The read-through for the second block took place on 18 July 2016, and filming began on 1 August 2016, beginning with the third episode. Production on the 2016 Christmas special began on 5 September 2016 and wrapped on 30 September 2016. The read-through for "Oxygen" took place on 12 October 2016. Shooting on the fourth block began on 17 October and ended on 18 November 2016.


Context: On 15 April 2017

Context: Peter Capaldi

Context: where was it filmed?

Context: Filming began on 20 June 2016

Context: which are the places where they filmed it?

Context: Filmed in Valencia, Spain.

Question: what is the basic storyline of the show in general?

Answer: It is a Science fiction based on a Doctor who is a Extraterrestrial Being who appears as a Human. He travels through universe through time to combat foes trying to save civilisation.

Doctor Who [SEP] Introduction

Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963. The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called "the Doctor", an extraterrestrial being, to all appearances human. The Doctor explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS. Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired. Accompanied by a number of companions, the Doctor combats a variety of foes while working to save civilisations and help people in need. The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has gained a cult following.


Question: what is russian battleship dvenadsat apostolov?

Answer: It was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Russian Navy.

Russian battleship Dvenadsat Apostolov [SEP] Introduction

Dvenadsat Apostolov () was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Russian Navy, the sole ship of her class. She entered service in 1893 with the Black Sea Fleet, but was not fully ready until 1894. The ship participated in the failed attempt to recapture the mutinous battleship in 1905. Decommissioned and disarmed in 1911, "Dvenadsat Apostolov" became an immobile submarine depot ship the following year. The ship was captured by the Germans in 1918 in Sevastopol and was handed over to the Allies in December. Lying immobile in Sevastopol, she was captured by both sides in the Russian Civil War before she was abandoned when the White Russians evacuated the Crimea in 1920.


Context: what is russian battleship dvenadsat apostolov?

Context: It was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Russian Navy.

Question: who designed this battleship?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who designed this battleship?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the history behind this battleship?

Answer: It was built by the Nikolayev Admiralty Shipyard .

Russian battleship Dvenadsat Apostolov [SEP] History

"Dvenadsat Apostolov" was built by the Nikolayev Admiralty Shipyard at Nikolayev. She was laid down on 21 August 1889, launched on 13 September 1890, and sailed to Sevastopol for fitting out on 11 May 1892. Completed in December, the ship joined the fleet on 17 June 1893, but she was not fully ready for service until 1894. In 1895 "Dvenadsat Apostolov" was used to test a new system of laying mines by rails that had been invented by Lieutenant A. P. Ygrumov and also to evaluate the proper dimensions for anti-torpedo nets and their booms. For this last test torpedoes were fired at the ship with the anti-torpedo nets deployed.


Context: who designed this battleship?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the history behind this battleship?

Context: It was built by the Nikolayev Admiralty Shipyard .

Question: what are some general characteristics of this mentioned battleship?

Answer: It had a pair of three-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines built by the Baltic Works.

Russian battleship Dvenadsat Apostolov [SEP] General characteristics

Naval historian N. J. M. Campbell assessed her as a considerably better fighting ship than the "Imperator Aleksandr II" class. "Dvenadsat Apostolov" had a pair of three-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines built by the Baltic Works and had a total designed output of . Eight cylindrical boilers provided steam to the engines, which drove two screw propellers. During her sea trials in September 1894, the powerplant produced and a top speed of using forced draft; at normal draft the ship reached about . After her initial engine trials, the ship's funnels were raised by to improve their draft and to keep the superstructure clear of funnel gases.


Context: who designed this battleship?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some general characteristics of this mentioned battleship?

Context: It had a pair of three-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines built by the Baltic Works.

Question: which war did the earlier mentioned navy fight?

Answer: The Russo-Japanese War.

Explanation: On the night of 8 February 1904, the Japanese naval fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo opened the war with a surprise attack by torpedo boat destroyers on the Russian ships at Port Arthur, badly damaging two Russian battleships. The attacks developed into the Battle of Port Arthur the next morning. A series of indecisive naval engagements followed, in which the Japanese were unable to attack the Russian fleet successfully under shore batteries ("coastal guns") of the harbor and the Russians declined to leave the harbor for the open seas, especially after the death of Admiral Stepan Osipovich Makarov on 13 April 1904.

Imperial Russian Navy [SEP] Russo-Japanese War


Context: who designed this battleship?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which war did the earlier mentioned navy fight?

Context: The Russo-Japanese War.

Question: when did this war take place?

Answer: 8 February, 1904.

Explanation: On the night of 8 February 1904, the Japanese naval fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo opened the war with a surprise attack by torpedo boat destroyers on the Russian ships at Port Arthur,


Context: who designed this battleship?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: The Russo-Japanese War.

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 8 February, 1904.

Question: what are some other wars it was associated to?

Answer: The Battle of Tsushima.

Explanation:
The Russians had already been preparing to reinforce their fleet the previous year by sending elements of the Baltic Sea fleet ("The Second Pacific Squadron") under Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky around the Cape of Good Hope to Asia, a voyage of over . On 21 October 1904, while passing by the United Kingdom (an ally of Japan but neutral in this war), they nearly provoked a war in the Dogger Bank incident by firing on British fishing boats that they mistook for Japanese torpedo boats.

The duration of the Baltic Fleet's journey meant that Admiral Togo was well aware of the Baltic Fleet's progress, and he made plans to meet it before it could reach port at Vladivostok. He intercepted them in the Tsushima Strait between Korea and Japan, in the early morning of 27 May 1905. Although both battleship fleets were on nearly equal footing in regards to the latest in battleship technology, with the British warship designs representing the Imperial Japanese Navy, and predominately the French design

Imperial Russian Navy [SEP] Battle of Tsushima


Context: who designed this battleship?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: The Russo-Japanese War.

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 8 February, 1904.

Context: what are some other wars it was associated to?

Context: The Battle of Tsushima.

Question: what was the prelude to this battle?

Answer: The Russian fleet sailed through Tsushima strait and the fleet was not ready to face a long battle.

Battle of Tsushima [SEP] Tsushima Strait

The Russians could have sailed through any one of three possible straits to enter the Sea of Japan and reach Vladivostok: La Pérouse, Tsugaru, and Tsushima. Admiral Rozhestvensky chose Tsushima in an effort to simplify his route. Admiral Tōgō, based at Busan, also believed Tsushima would be the preferred Russian course. The Tsushima Strait is the body of water eastward of the Tsushima Island group, located midway between the Japanese island of Kyushu and the Korean Peninsula, the shortest and most direct route from Indochina. The other routes would have required the fleet to sail east around Japan. The Japanese Combined Fleet and the Russian Second and Third Pacific Squadrons, sent from the Baltic Sea, would fight in the straits between Korea and Japan near the Tsushima Islands.


Context: who designed this battleship?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: The Russo-Japanese War.

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 8 February, 1904.

Context: The Battle of Tsushima.

Context: what was the prelude to this battle?

Context: The Russian fleet sailed through Tsushima strait and the fleet was not ready to face a long battle.

Question: when did the conflict in the far east start?

Answer: 8 February, 1904.

Battle of Tsushima [SEP] Conflict in the Far East

On 8 February, 1904, destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a surprise attack on the Russian Far East Fleet anchored in Port Arthur; three ships – two battleships and a cruiser – were damaged in the attack. The Russo-Japanese war had thus begun. Japan's first objective was to secure its lines of communication and supply to the Asian mainland, enabling it to conduct a ground war in Manchuria. To achieve this, it was necessary to neutralize Russian naval power in the Far East. At first, the Russian naval forces remained inactive and did not engage the Japanese, who staged unopposed landings in Korea.


Context: who designed this battleship?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: The Russo-Japanese War.

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: 8 February, 1904.

Context: The Battle of Tsushima.

Context: what was the prelude to this battle?

Context: when did the conflict in the far east start?

Context: 8 February, 1904.

Question: when did the night attack start?

Answer: The night of 27th May.

Battle of Tsushima [SEP] Introduction

It was fought on 27–28 May 1905 (14–15 May in the Julian calendar then in use in Russia) in the Tsushima Strait located between Korea and southern Japan. In this battle the Japanese fleet under Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō destroyed two-thirds of the Russian fleet, under Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky, which had traveled over to reach the Far East. In London in 1906, Sir George Sydenham Clarke wrote, "The battle of Tsu-shima is by far the greatest and the most important naval event since Trafalgar"; decades later, historian Edmund Morris agreed with this judgment. The destruction of the fleet caused a bitter reaction from the Russian public, which induced a peace treaty in September 1905 without any further battles.


Question: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Answer: The main combatants were the four divisions of the Canadian Corps in the First Army, against three divisions of the German 6th Army.

Battle of Vimy Ridge [SEP] Introduction

The Battle of Vimy Ridge was part of the Battle of Arras, in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France, during the First World War. The main combatants were the four divisions of the Canadian Corps in the First Army, against three divisions of the German 6th Army. The battle took place from 9 to 12 April 1917 at the beginning of the Battle of Arras, the first attack of the Nivelle Offensive, which was intended to attract German reserves from the French, before their attempt at a decisive offensive on the Aisne and the Chemin des Dames ridge further south. The Canadian Corps were to capture the German-held high ground of Vimy Ridge, an escarpment on the northern flank of the Arras front.


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: The main combatants were the four divisions of the Canadian Corps in the First Army, against three divisions of the German 6th Army.

Question: when did this battle take place ?

Answer: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Explanation: The battle took place from 9 to 12 April 1917 at the beginning of the Battle of Arras, the first attack of the Nivelle Offensive, which was intended to attract German reserves from the French, before their attempt at a decisive offensive on the Aisne and the Chemin des Dames ridge further south.

Battle of Vimy Ridge [SEP] Introduction


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Question: who won the battle ?

Answer: Canadian Corps.

Explanation: Historians attribute the success of the Canadian Corps to technical and tactical innovation, meticulous planning, powerful artillery support and extensive training, as well as the inability of the 6th Army to properly apply the new German defensive doctrine.

Battle of Vimy Ridge [SEP] Introduction

The battle was the first occasion when the four divisions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force fought together and it was made a symbol of Canadian national achievement and sacrifice. A portion of the former battleground serves as a memorial park and site of the Canadian National Vimy Memorial.


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Context: who won the battle ?

Context: Canadian Corps.

Question: where there any underground operations ?

Answer: Underground warfare had been conducted on the Vimy sector.

Battle of Vimy Ridge [SEP] Underground operations

Operations along the Vimy Ridge were accompanied by extensive underground excavations. The Arras–Vimy sector was conducive to tunnelling owing to the soft, porous yet extremely stable nature of the chalk underground. Underground warfare had been conducted on the Vimy sector since 1915. Bavarian engineers had blown twenty mines in the sector by March 1915. By early 1916, German miners had gained an advantage over their French counterparts. British tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers took over progressively from the French between February and May 1916. On their arrival, the British began offensive mining against German miners, first stopping the German underground advance and then developing a defensive strategy that prevented the Germans from gaining a tactical advantage by mining.


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Context: who won the battle ?

Context: Canadian Corps.

Context: where there any underground operations ?

Context: Underground warfare had been conducted on the Vimy sector.

Question: what was the aftermath effects of the war ?

Answer: The corps suffered 10,602 casualties: 3,598 killed and 7,004 wounded. The German 6th Army suffered an unknown number of casualties with approximately 4,000 men becoming prisoners of war.

Battle of Vimy Ridge [SEP] Aftermath

By nightfall on 12 April 1917, the Canadian Corps was in firm control of the ridge. The corps suffered 10,602 casualties: 3,598 killed and 7,004 wounded. The German 6th Army suffered an unknown number of casualties with approximately 4,000 men becoming prisoners of war. Following the defeat, the Chief of the German General Staff, Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, ordered the "Oberste Heeresleitung" ("OHL", Supreme Army Command) to conduct a court of enquiry into the defensive collapse of the Arras sector. The court concluded that the 6th Army headquarters had disregarded frontline commander reports, noting a possible imminent attack and as a result, reserve units were kept too far back to execute a timely and effective counterattack.


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Context: who won the battle ?

Context: Canadian Corps.

Context: what was the aftermath effects of the war ?

Context: The corps suffered 10,602 casualties: 3,598 killed and 7,004 wounded. The German 6th Army suffered an unknown number of casualties with approximately 4,000 men becoming prisoners of war.

Question: is there any memorial conducted in its honour ?

Answer: Yes, "The Canadian National Vimy Memorial".

Battle of Vimy Ridge [SEP] Vimy Memorial

The Canadian National Vimy Memorial is its largest and principal overseas war memorial. Located on the highest point of the Vimy Ridge, the memorial is dedicated to the commemoration of the Battle of Vimy Ridge and Canadian Expeditionary Force members killed during the First World War and those killed in France during the First World War with no known grave. France granted Canada perpetual use of a section of land at Vimy Ridge in 1922 for a battlefield park and memorial. A portion of the former battlefield is preserved as part of the memorial park that surrounds the monument. The grounds of the site are still honeycombed with wartime tunnels, trenches, craters and unexploded munitions and are largely closed for public safety.


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Context: who won the battle ?

Context: Canadian Corps.

Context: is there any memorial conducted in its honour ?

Context: Yes, "The Canadian National Vimy Memorial".

Question: anything specific reference to the german defenses during this war ?

Answer: Their defensive scheme was to maintain a front line defence of sufficient strength to defend against an initial assault and move operational reserves forward, before the enemy could consolidate their gains or overrun remaining positions. As a result, their defence at Vimy Ridge relied largely on machine guns, which acted as force multipliers for the defending infantry.

Battle of Vimy Ridge [SEP] German defences

The topography of the Vimy battlefield made defence-in-depth difficult to realize. The ridge was wide at its narrowest point, with a steep drop on the eastern side, all but eliminating the possibility of counterattacks if the ridge was captured. The Germans were apprehensive about the inherent weakness of the Vimy Ridge defences. The German defensive scheme was to maintain a front line defence of sufficient strength to defend against an initial assault and move operational reserves forward, before the enemy could consolidate their gains or overrun remaining German positions. As a result, the German defence at Vimy Ridge relied largely on machine guns, which acted as force multipliers for the defending infantry.


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Context: who won the battle ?

Context: Canadian Corps.

Context: anything specific reference to the german defenses during this war ?

Context: Their defensive scheme was to maintain a front line defence of sufficient strength to defend against an initial assault and move operational reserves forward, before the enemy could consolidate their gains or overrun remaining positions. As a result, their defence at Vimy Ridge relied largely on machine guns, which acted as force multipliers for the defending infantry.

Question: what was the victoria cross ?

Answer: It is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system. It is awarded for valour "in the presence of the enemy" to members of the British Armed Forces.

Victoria Cross [SEP] Introduction

The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system. It is awarded for valour "in the presence of the enemy" to members of the British Armed Forces. It may be awarded posthumously. It was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries, most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours. It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879. Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857, two-thirds of all awards have been personally presented by the British monarch.


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Context: who won the battle ?

Context: Canadian Corps.

Context: what was the victoria cross ?

Context: It is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system. It is awarded for valour "in the presence of the enemy" to members of the British Armed Forces.

Question: name some recipients of the award ?

Answer: Noel Chavasse and Arthur Martin-Leake, to name a few.

Victoria Cross [SEP] Recipients

The greatest number won in a single conflict is 628, being for the First World War. Ishar Singh became the first Indian Sikh to receive the award. Eight of the then-twelve surviving holders of the Victoria Cross attended the 150th Anniversary service of remembrance at Westminster Abbey on 26 June 2006. Three people have been awarded the VC and Bar, the bar representing a second award of the VC. They are Noel Chavasse and Arthur Martin-Leake, both doctors in the Royal Army Medical Corps, for rescuing wounded under fire; and New Zealander Charles Upham, an infantryman, for combat actions. Upham remains the only combatant soldier to have received a VC and Bar.


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Context: who won the battle ?

Context: Canadian Corps.

Context: what was the victoria cross ?

Context: name some recipients of the award ?

Context: Noel Chavasse and Arthur Martin-Leake, to name a few.

Question: have there been any public sales of this award ?

Answer: Yes, one such sale was at Sotheby's in 1955.

Victoria Cross [SEP] Public sales

Since 1879, more than 300 Victoria Crosses have been publicly auctioned or advertised. Others have been privately sold. The value of the VC can be seen by the increasing sums that the medals reach at auctions. In 1955 the set of medals awarded to Edmund Barron Hartley was bought at Sotheby's for the then record price of £300 (approximately £ in present-day terms). In October 1966 the Middlesex Regiment paid a new record figure of £900 (approximately £ in present-day terms) for a VC awarded after the Battle of the Somme. In January 1969, the record reached £1700 (£) for the medal set of William Rennie.


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Context: who won the battle ?

Context: Canadian Corps.

Context: what was the victoria cross ?

Context: name some recipients of the award ?

Context: have there been any public sales of this award ?

Context: Yes, one such sale was at Sotheby's in 1955.

Question: has the award been forfeited ever?

Answer: Eight were forfeited between 1861 and 1908.

Victoria Cross [SEP] Forfeited awards

The original royal warrant involved an expulsion clause that allowed for a recipient's name to be erased from the official register in certain wholly discreditable circumstances and his pension cancelled. Eight were forfeited between 1861 and 1908. The power to cancel and restore awards is still included in the Victoria Cross warrant. King George V felt very strongly that the decoration should never be forfeited and in a letter from his Private Secretary, Lord Stamfordham, on 26 July 1920, his views are forcefully expressed:


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Context: who won the battle ?

Context: Canadian Corps.

Context: what was the victoria cross ?

Context: name some recipients of the award ?

Context: has the award been forfeited ever?

Context: Eight were forfeited between 1861 and 1908.

Question: can you describe the award process ?

Answer: A recommendation for the VC is normally issued by an officer at regimental level, or equivalent, and has to be supported by three witnesses, although this has been waived on occasion. The recommendation is then passed up the military hierarchy until it reaches the Secretary of State for Defence. The recommendation is then laid before the monarch who approves the award with his or her signature.

Victoria Cross [SEP] Award process

The Victoria Cross is awarded for A recommendation for the VC is normally issued by an officer at regimental level, or equivalent, and has to be supported by three witnesses, although this has been waived on occasion. The recommendation is then passed up the military hierarchy until it reaches the Secretary of State for Defence. The recommendation is then laid before the monarch who approves the award with his or her signature. Victoria Cross awards are always promulgated in the "London Gazette" with the single exception of the award to the American Unknown Soldier in 1921. The Victoria Cross warrant makes no specific provision as to who should actually present the medals to the recipients.


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Context: who won the battle ?

Context: Canadian Corps.

Context: what was the victoria cross ?

Context: name some recipients of the award ?

Context: has the award been forfeited ever?

Context: can you describe the award process ?

Context: A recommendation for the VC is normally issued by an officer at regimental level, or equivalent, and has to be supported by three witnesses, although this has been waived on occasion. The recommendation is then passed up the military hierarchy until it reaches the Secretary of State for Defence. The recommendation is then laid before the monarch who approves the award with his or her signature.

Question: who manufactures these awards ?

Answer: Hancocks of London

Victoria Cross [SEP] Manufacture

A single company of jewellers, Hancocks of London, has been responsible for the production of every VC awarded since its inception. It has long been widely believed that all the VCs were cast from the cascabels of two cannons that were captured from the Russians at the siege of Sevastopol. However, in 1990 Creagh and Ashton conducted a metallurgical examination of the VCs in the custody of the Australian War Memorial, and later the historian John Glanfield wrote that, through the use of X-ray studies of older Victoria Crosses, it was determined that the metal used for almost all VCs since December 1914 is taken from antique Chinese guns, replacing an earlier gun.


Context: who fought in the battle of vimy ridge

Context: when did this battle take place ?

Context: It took place from 9 to 12 April 1917.

Context: who won the battle ?

Context: Canadian Corps.

Context: what was the victoria cross ?

Context: name some recipients of the award ?

Context: has the award been forfeited ever?

Context: can you describe the award process ?

Context: who manufactures these awards ?

Context: Hancocks of London

Question: describe the appearance of the award ?

Answer: The decoration is a bronze cross pattée, ″ (41mm) high, ″ (36mm) wide, bearing the crown of Saint Edward surmounted by a lion, and the inscription "for valour”. The decoration, suspension bar, and link weigh about 0.87 troy ounces (27g). The cross is suspended by a ring from a seriffed "V" to a bar ornamented with laurel leaves, through which the ribbon passes. The reverse of the suspension bar is engraved with the recipient's name, rank, number and unit. On the reverse of the medal is a circular panel on which the date of the act for which it was awarded is engraved in the centre.

Explanation:
The decoration is a bronze cross pattée, ″ (41mm) high, ″ (36mm) wide, bearing the crown of Saint Edward surmounted by a lion, and the inscription "for valour". This was originally to have been "for the brave", until it was changed on the recommendation of Queen Victoria, as it implied that not all men in battle were brave. The decoration, suspension bar, and link weigh about 0.87 troy ounces (27g).

The cross is suspended by a ring from a seriffed "V" to a bar ornamented with laurel leaves, through which the ribbon passes. The reverse of the suspension bar is engraved with the recipient's name, rank, number and unit. On the reverse of the medal is a circular panel on which the date of the act for which it was awarded is engraved in the centre.

Victoria Cross [SEP] Appearance


Question: what is county borough of leeds ?

Answer: It was a local government district.

Explanation: was a local government district

County Borough of Leeds [SEP] Introduction

The County Borough of Leeds, and its predecessor, the Municipal Borough of Leeds, was a local government district in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, from 1835 to 1974. Its origin was the ancient borough of Leeds, which was reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. In 1889, when West Riding County Council was formed, Leeds became a county borough outside the administrative county of the West Riding; and in 1893 the borough gained city status. The borough was extended a number of times, expanding from in 1911 to in 1961; adding in stages the former area of Roundhay, Seacroft, Shadwell and Middleton parishes and gaining other parts of adjacent districts.


Context:
what is county borough of leeds ?
It was a local government district.

Question: where is it located?

Answer: West Riding of Yorkshire, England

Explanation: West Riding of Yorkshire, England


Context:
what is county borough of leeds ?
It was a local government district.
where is it located?
West Riding of Yorkshire, England

Question: what is the toponomy of the area?

Answer: York comes from the Viking name for the city, Jórvík and the word "Shire" is either from the Old Norse word Skyr or from Old English Scir.

Yorkshire [SEP] Toponymy

Yorkshire or the County of York was so named as it is the shire (administrative area or county) of the city of York or York's Shire. "York" comes from the Viking name for the city, Jórvík. The word "Shire" is either from the Old Norse word Skyr or from Old English Scir meaning care or official charge. The "shire" suffix is locally pronounced "shuh", or occasionally , a homophone of "sheer".


Context: what is county borough of leeds ?

Context: It was a local government district.

Context: where is it located?

Context: West Riding of Yorkshire, England

Context: what is the toponomy of the area?

Context: York comes from the Viking name for the city, Jórvík and the word "Shire" is either from the Old Norse word Skyr or from Old English Scir.

Question: how was their roman period?

Answer: In the early 5th century, the Roman rule ceased with the withdrawal of the last active Roman troops.

Yorkshire [SEP] Roman period

Another emperor, Constantius Chlorus, died in Eboracum during a visit in 306 AD. This saw his son Constantine the Great, who became renowned for his contributions to Christianity, proclaimed emperor in the city. In the early 5th century, the Roman rule ceased with the withdrawal of the last active Roman troops. By this stage, the Western Empire was in intermittent decline.


Context: what is county borough of leeds ?

Context: It was a local government district.

Context: where is it located?

Context: West Riding of Yorkshire, England

Context: what is the toponomy of the area?

Context: how was their roman period?

Context: In the early 5th century, the Roman rule ceased with the withdrawal of the last active Roman troops.

Question: what happened in wars of the roses?

Answer: House of York and the House of Lancaster both fought for the throne of England in a series of civil wars.

Yorkshire [SEP] Wars of the Roses

When King Richard II was overthrown in 1399, antagonism between the House of York and the House of Lancaster, both branches of the royal House of Plantagenet, began to emerge. Eventually the two houses fought for the throne of England in a series of civil wars, commonly known as the Wars of the Roses. Some of the battles took place in Yorkshire, such as those at Wakefield and Towton, the latter of which is known as the bloodiest battle ever fought on English soil. Richard III was the last Yorkist king. Henry Tudor, sympathiser to the House of Lancaster, defeated and killed Richard at the Battle of Bosworth Field.


Context: what is county borough of leeds ?

Context: It was a local government district.

Context: where is it located?

Context: West Riding of Yorkshire, England

Context: what is the toponomy of the area?

Context: how was their roman period?

Context: what happened in wars of the roses?

Context: House of York and the House of Lancaster both fought for the throne of England in a series of civil wars.

Question: can you tell me more about the former?

Answer: It was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet.

House of York [SEP] Introduction

The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Three of its members became kings of England in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, the fourth surviving son of Edward III. In time, it also represented Edward III's senior line, when an heir of York married the heiress-descendant of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Edward III's second surviving son. It is based on these descents that they claimed the English crown. Compared with its rival, the House of Lancaster, it had a superior claim to the throne of England according to cognatic primogeniture, but an inferior claim according to agnatic primogeniture.


Context: what is county borough of leeds ?

Context: It was a local government district.

Context: where is it located?

Context: West Riding of Yorkshire, England

Context: what is the toponomy of the area?

Context: how was their roman period?

Context: what happened in wars of the roses?

Context: can you tell me more about the former?

Context: It was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet.

Question: can you describe their badges?

Answer: The symbol of the house of York was the White Rose.

House of York [SEP] York badges

The most popular symbol of the house of York was the White Rose of York. The Yorkist rose is white in colour, because in Christian liturgical symbolism, white is the symbol of light, typifying innocence and purity, joy and glory. During the civil wars of the fifteenth century, the White Rose was the symbol of Yorkist forces opposed to the rival House of Lancaster. The red rose of Lancaster would be a later invention used to represent the House of Lancaster, but was not in use during the actual conflict. The opposition of the two roses gave the wars their name: the Wars of the Roses (coined in the 19th century).


Context: what is county borough of leeds ?

Context: It was a local government district.

Context: where is it located?

Context: West Riding of Yorkshire, England

Context: what is the toponomy of the area?

Context: how was their roman period?

Context: what happened in wars of the roses?

Context: can you tell me more about the former?

Context: can you describe their badges?

Context: The symbol of the house of York was the White Rose.

Question: tell me about the latter?

Answer: It was the name of two cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet.

House of Lancaster [SEP] Introduction

The House of Lancaster was the name of two cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet. The first house was created when King Henry III of England created the Earldom of Lancasterfrom which the house was namedfor his second son Edmund Crouchback in 1267. Edmund had already been created Earl of Leicester in 1265 and was granted the lands and privileges of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, after de Montfort's death and attainder at the end of the Second Barons' War. When Edmund's son Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, inherited his father-in-law's estates and title of Earl of Lincoln he became at a stroke the most powerful nobleman in England, with lands throughout the kingdom and the ability to raise vast private armies to wield power at national and local levels.


Context: what is county borough of leeds ?

Context: It was a local government district.

Context: where is it located?

Context: West Riding of Yorkshire, England

Context: what is the toponomy of the area?

Context: how was their roman period?

Context: what happened in wars of the roses?

Context: can you tell me more about the former?

Context: can you describe their badges?

Context: tell me about the latter?

Context: It was the name of two cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet.

Question: what can you tell me about their arts?

Answer: The Lancastrians patronised poets for panegyric purposes for years before Henry IV ascended the throne.

House of Lancaster [SEP] Religion, education and the arts

The historian K.B. McFarlane found it hard "to think of another moment of comparable importance in medieval English political history when the supply of information was so effectively manipulated as it was by Henry IV on this occasion". The Lancastrians patronised poets for panegyric purposes for years before Henry IV ascended the throne, including Geoffrey Chaucer who dedicated The Book of the Duchess to Blanche of Lancaster around 1368. In 1400, poets in the pay of Henry IV were directed to propaganda purposes. John Gower based his Cronica Tripertita on the official Lancastrian accounts of the usurpation:"The Record and Process of the Deposition of Richard II" from 1399.


Context: what is county borough of leeds ?

Context: It was a local government district.

Context: where is it located?

Context: West Riding of Yorkshire, England

Context: what is the toponomy of the area?

Context: how was their roman period?

Context: what happened in wars of the roses?

Context: can you tell me more about the former?

Context: can you describe their badges?

Context: tell me about the latter?

Context: what can you tell me about their arts?

Context: The Lancastrians patronised poets for panegyric purposes for years before Henry IV ascended the throne.

Question: what about their badges?

Answer: The Red Rose of Lancaster was the House of Lancaster's badge.

House of Lancaster [SEP] Lancaster badges

The Red Rose of Lancaster derives from the gold rose badge of Edward I of England. Other members of his family used variants of the royal badge, with the king's brother, the Earl of Lancaster, using a red rose. It is believed that the Red Rose of Lancaster was the House of Lancaster's badge during the Wars of the Roses. Evidence for this "wearing of the rose" includes land tenure records requiring service of a red rose yearly for a manor held directly from Henry VI of England. There are, however, doubts as to whether the red rose was actually an emblem taken up by the Lancastrians during the Wars of the Roses.


Question: where was the first paved road in america

Answer: Woodward Avenue

Explanation: Woodward Avenue was the location of the first mile (1.6 km) of concrete-paved roadway in the country.

M-1 (Michigan highway) [SEP] Introduction

When Michigan created the State Trunkline Highway System in 1913, the roadway was included, numbered as part of M-10 in 1919. Later, it was part of US Highway 10 (US 10) following the creation of the United States Numbered Highway System. Since 1970, it has borne the M-1 designation. The roadway carried streetcar lines from the 1860s until the 1950s; a new streetcar line known as the QLine opened along part of M-1 in 2017.


Context: where was the first paved road in america

Context: Woodward Avenue

Question: from where does the m-1 start?

Answer: It is a north–south state trunkline highway in the Metro Detroit area of the US state of Michigan. The highway, called "Detroit's Main Street", runs from Detroit north-northwesterly to Pontiac.

M-1, commonly known as Woodward Avenue, is a north–south state trunkline highway in the Metro Detroit area of the US state of Michigan. The highway, called "Detroit's Main Street", runs from Detroit north-northwesterly to Pontiac. It is one of the five principal avenues of Detroit, along with Michigan, Grand River, Gratiot, and Jefferson avenues. These streets were platted in 1805 by Judge Augustus B. Woodward, namesake to Woodward Avenue. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has listed the highway as the Automotive Heritage Trail, an All-American Road in the National Scenic Byways Program. It has also been designated a Pure Michigan Byway by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT), and was also included in the MotorCities National Heritage Area designated by the US Congress in 1998.


Context: Woodward Avenue

Context: from where does the m-1 start?

Context: It is a north–south state trunkline highway in the Metro Detroit area of the US state of Michigan. The highway, called "Detroit's Main Street", runs from Detroit north-northwesterly to Pontiac.

Question: when was this highway formed?

Answer: 1970

Explanation: Since 1970, it has borne the M-1 designation.


Context: Woodward Avenue

Context: from where does the m-1 start?

Context: when was this highway formed?

Question: how is this associated with religion?

Answer: The area around Woodward was once nicknamed "Piety Hill". There are 22 churches on the NRHP along the street in Detroit and Highland Park.

Explanation: The area around Woodward was once nicknamed "Piety Hill". There are 22 churches on the NRHP along the street in Detroit and Highland Park. According to "The Detroit News",

M-1 (Michigan highway) [SEP] Religion, entertainment, and cars

During the 1950s and 1960s, automobile engineers street tested their cars along Woodward Avenue between 8 Mile and Square Lake roads; the roadway was the only such location where this activity was practiced.


Context: Woodward Avenue

Context: from where does the m-1 start?

Context: when was this highway formed?

Context: how is this associated with religion?

Context: The area around Woodward was once nicknamed "Piety Hill". There are 22 churches on the NRHP along the street in Detroit and Highland Park.

Question: what can you tell me about the metropolitan areas of the aforesaid state?

Answer: It  is the largest and most-populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County.

Detroit [SEP] Introduction

Detroit (, ; ) is the largest and most-populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County. The municipality of Detroit had a 2019 estimated population of 670,031, making it the 24th-most populous city in the United States. The metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 4.3 million people, making it the second-largest in the Midwest after the Chicago metropolitan area, and 14th-largest in the United States. Regarded as a major cultural center, Detroit is known for its contributions to music and as a repository for art, architecture and design.


Context: Woodward Avenue

Context: from where does the m-1 start?

Context: when was this highway formed?

Context: how is this associated with religion?

Context: what can you tell me about the metropolitan areas of the aforesaid state?

Context: It  is the largest and most-populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County.

Question: what is the estimated demographics of the state?

Answer: The municipality of Detroit had a 2019 estimated population of 670,031, making it the 24th-most populous city in the United States.

Explanation: The municipality of Detroit had a 2019 estimated population of 670,031, making it the 24th-most populous city in the United States.

Detroit [SEP] Introduction


Context: Woodward Avenue

Context: from where does the m-1 start?

Context: when was this highway formed?

Context: how is this associated with religion?

Context: what is the estimated demographics of the state?

Context: The municipality of Detroit had a 2019 estimated population of 670,031, making it the 24th-most populous city in the United States.

Question: which is the capital of the state?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Detroit [SEP] Introduction


Context: Woodward Avenue

Context: from where does the m-1 start?

Context: when was this highway formed?

Context: how is this associated with religion?

Context: which is the capital of the state?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are the various languages used here?

Answer: English, Arabic,  German, Chinese

Michigan [SEP] Languages

, 91.11% (8,507,947) of Michigan residents age five and older spoke only English at home, while 2.93% (273,981) spoke Spanish, 1.04% (97,559) Arabic, 0.44% (41,189) German, 0.36% (33,648) Chinese (which includes Mandarin), 0.31% (28,891) French, 0.29% (27,019) Polish, and Syriac languages (such as Modern Aramaic and Northeastern Neo-Aramaic) was spoken as a main language by 0.25% (23,420) of the population over the age of five. In total, 8.89% (830,281) of Michigan's population age five and older spoke a mother language other than English.


Context: Woodward Avenue

Context: from where does the m-1 start?

Context: when was this highway formed?

Context: how is this associated with religion?

Context: which is the capital of the state?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the various languages used here?

Context: English, Arabic,  German, Chinese

Question: can you name any symbol of the state?

Answer: Michigan is traditionally known as "The Wolverine State", and the University of Michigan takes the wolverine as its mascot.

Michigan [SEP] State symbols and nicknames

Michigan is traditionally known as "The Wolverine State", and the University of Michigan takes the wolverine as its mascot. The association is well and long established: for example, many Detroiters volunteered to fight during the American Civil War and George Armstrong Custer, who led the Michigan Brigade, called them the "Wolverines". The origins of this association are obscure; it may derive from a busy trade in wolverine furs in Sault Ste. Marie in the 18th century or may recall a disparagement intended to compare early settlers in Michigan with the vicious mammal. Wolverines are, however, extremely rare in Michigan. A sighting in February 2004 near Ubly was the first confirmed sighting in Michigan in 200 years.


Context: Woodward Avenue

Context: from where does the m-1 start?

Context: when was this highway formed?

Context: how is this associated with religion?

Context: which is the capital of the state?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: English, Arabic,  German, Chinese

Context: can you name any symbol of the state?

Context: Michigan is traditionally known as "The Wolverine State", and the University of Michigan takes the wolverine as its mascot.

Question: what are the various sports seen there?

Answer: Baseball team, Football team,  Ice hockey team

Michigan [SEP] Sports

Michigan's major-league sports teams include: Detroit Tigers baseball team, Detroit Lions football team, Detroit Red Wings ice hockey team, and the Detroit Pistons men's basketball team. All of Michigan's major league teams play in the Metro Detroit area. The Pistons played at Detroit's Cobo Arena until 1978 and at the Pontiac Silverdome until 1988 when they moved into The Palace of Auburn Hills. In 2017, the team moved to the newly built Little Caesars Arena in downtown Detroit. The Detroit Lions played at Tiger Stadium in Detroit until 1974, then moved to the Pontiac Silverdome where they played for 27 years between 1975 and 2002 before moving to Ford Field in Detroit in 2002.


Context: Woodward Avenue

Context: from where does the m-1 start?

Context: when was this highway formed?

Context: how is this associated with religion?

Context: which is the capital of the state?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: English, Arabic,  German, Chinese

Context: can you name any symbol of the state?

Context: what are the various sports seen there?

Context: Baseball team, Football team,  Ice hockey team

Question: can you name any baseball team?

Answer: Detroit Tigers

Explanation: Detroit Tigers

Michigan [SEP] Sports


Context: Woodward Avenue

Context: from where does the m-1 start?

Context: when was this highway formed?

Context: how is this associated with religion?

Context: which is the capital of the state?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: English, Arabic,  German, Chinese

Context: can you name any symbol of the state?

Context: what are the various sports seen there?

Context: can you name any baseball team?

Context: Detroit Tigers

Question: when were they formed?

Answer: 1894

Detroit Tigers [SEP] Introduction

The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit, Michigan. The Tigers compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the American League (AL) Central division. One of the AL's eight charter franchises, the club was founded in Detroit as a member of the minor league Western League in 1894 and is the only Western League team still in its original city. They are also the oldest continuous one name, one city franchise in the AL. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Tigers have won four World Series championships (, , , and ), 11 AL pennants (1907, 1908, 1909, 1934, 1935, 1940, 1945, 1968, 1984, 2006, 2012), and four AL Central division championships (2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014).


Question: what advantages does england seem to have to start the industrial revolution

Answer: It transformed its society into the world's first industrialised nation.

England [SEP] Introduction

The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north (for example, the Lake District and Pennines) and in the west (for example, Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills). The capital is London, which has the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and, prior to Brexit, the European Union. England's population of over 55 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.