Context: what episode of gossip girl does blair and chuck get married

Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Question: what is gossip girl?

Answer: An American teen drama television series

Explanation: Gossip Girl is an American teen drama television series based on the novel series of the same name written by Cecily von Ziegesar. The series, created by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage, ran on The CW network for six seasons from September 19, 2007, to December 17, 2012.

Gossip Girl [SEP] Introduction

She is reunited with her frenemy Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) and her mother Lily (Kelly Rutherford), and she also meets Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley)—an aspiring writer from Brooklyn who is one of Serena's main love interests throughout the show. Other main characters include Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford), Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick), Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen), Vanessa Abrams (Jessica Szohr), Rufus Humphrey (Matthew Settle) and Ivy Dickens (Kaylee DeFer). The success of "Gossip Girl" led to many adaptations outside the United States. The show received numerous award nominations and won 18 Teen Choice Awards. The CW officially renewed "Gossip Girl" for a sixth and final season on May 11, 2012.


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: An American teen drama television series

Question: who acts in it?

Answer: Blake Lively, Leighton Meester, Kelly Rutherford, Penn Badgley, Chace Crawford, Ed Westwick

Explanation: The series begins with the return of Upper East Side teenage "it girl" Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively) from a mysterious absence. She is reunited with her frenemy Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) and her mother Lily (Kelly Rutherford), and she also meets Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley)—an aspiring writer from Brooklyn who is one of Serena's main love interests throughout the show. Other main characters include Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford), Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick), Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen), Vanessa Abrams (Jessica Szohr), Rufus Humphrey (Matthew Settle) and Ivy Dickens (Kaylee DeFer).

Gossip Girl [SEP] Introduction


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: Blake Lively, Leighton Meester, Kelly Rutherford, Penn Badgley, Chace Crawford, Ed Westwick

Question: what are the names of some of the characters?

Answer: Serena van der Woodsen, Blair Waldorf , Lily, Dan Humphrey, Nate Archibald, Chuck Bass

Explanation: Narrated by the unknown, omniscient blogger "Gossip Girl" (voiced by Kristen Bell), the series revolves around the lives of privileged upper-class adolescents living in Manhattan's Upper East Side (UES). The series begins with the return of Upper East Side teenage "it girl" Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively) from a mysterious absence. She is reunited with her frenemy Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) and her mother Lily (Kelly Rutherford), and she also meets Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley)—an aspiring writer from Brooklyn who is one of Serena's main love interests throughout the show. Other main characters include Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford), Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick), Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen), Vanessa Abrams (Jessica Szohr), Rufus Humphrey (Matthew Settle) and Ivy Dickens (Kaylee DeFer).

Gossip Girl [SEP] Introduction

Gossip Girl is an American teen drama television series based on the novel series of the same name written by Cecily von Ziegesar. The series, created by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage, ran on The CW network for six seasons from September 19, 2007, to December 17, 2012. Narrated by the unknown, omniscient blogger "Gossip Girl" (voiced by Kristen Bell), the series revolves around the lives of privileged upper-class adolescents living in Manhattan's Upper East Side (UES). The series begins with the return of Upper East Side teenage "it girl" Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively) from a mysterious absence.


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: what are the names of some of the characters?

Context: Serena van der Woodsen, Blair Waldorf , Lily, Dan Humphrey, Nate Archibald, Chuck Bass

Question: did it have any guest stars?

Answer: Yes - Joanna García, Tyra Banks, William Baldwin, Lady Gaga etc

Explanation: Many guest stars were cast throughout the season including Joanna García as Bree Buckley, a love interest for Nate; "America's Next Top Model" creator Tyra Banks as Ursula Nyquist, a larger than life actress whom Serena served as a publicist for a short time; William Baldwin as William van der Woodsen, Serena and Eric's father, Lily's ex-husband and Rufus’ long-time rival; and cameos by Lady Gaga, Tory Burch, Jimmy Fallon, Plastiscines, Georgina Chapman and Sonic Youth.

Gossip Girl [SEP] Season 3: 2009–2010

The third season focuses on Blair, Dan and Vanessa getting into New York University along with movie star Olivia Burke (Hilary Duff), whom Dan starts dating; Nate getting into Columbia University; Serena taking a year off from school; Jenny becoming Queen Bee at Constance; and Chuck running Bass Industries, along with now adoptive mother Lily van der Woodsen. The first couple of episodes feature part of the summer vacation, respectively the week before the start of University classes and school. The role of "Gossip Girl" is slightly decreased throughout the season. Many guest stars were cast throughout the season including Joanna García as Bree Buckley, a love interest for Nate; "America's Next Top Model" creator Tyra Banks as Ursula Nyquist, a larger than life actress whom Serena served as a publicist for a short time; William Baldwin as William van der Woodsen, Serena and Eric's father, Lily's ex-husband and Rufus' long-time rival; and cameos by Lady Gaga, Tory Burch, Jimmy Fallon, Plastiscines, Georgina Chapman and Sonic Youth.


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: Yes - Joanna García, Tyra Banks, William Baldwin, Lady Gaga etc

Question: who is the director?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Gossip Girl [SEP] Season 3: 2009–2010


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is the series based off a book?

Answer: Yes - the novel series 'Gossip Girl'

Gossip Girl [SEP] Introduction


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the series based off a book?

Context: Yes - the novel series 'Gossip Girl'

Question: who is the author?

Answer: Cecily von Ziegesar

Gossip Girl (novel series) [SEP] Introduction

Gossip Girl is an American young adult novel series written by Cecily von Ziegesar and published by Little, Brown and Company, a subsidiary of the Hachette Group. The series revolves around the lives and romances of the privileged socialite teenagers at the Constance Billard School for Girls, an elite private school in New York City's Upper East Side. The books primarily focus on best friends Blair Waldorf and Serena van der Woodsen, whose experiences are among those chronicled by the eponymous gossip blogger. The novel series is based on the author's experiences at Nightingale-Bamford School and on what she heard from friends.


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the series based off a book?

Context: Yes - the novel series 'Gossip Girl'

Context: who is the author?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Question: who is the publisher?

Answer: Little, Brown and Company

Explanation: Gossip Girl is an American young adult novel series written by Cecily von Ziegesar and published by Little, Brown and Company, a subsidiary of the Hachette Group. The series revolves around the lives and romances of the privileged socialite teenagers at the Constance Billard School for Girls, an elite private school in New York City's Upper East Side. The books primarily focus on best friends Blair Waldorf and Serena van der Woodsen, whose experiences are among those chronicled by the eponymous gossip blogger. The novel series is based on the author's experiences at Nightingale-Bamford School and on what she heard from friends.


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the series based off a book?

Context: Yes - the novel series 'Gossip Girl'

Context: who is the author?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Little, Brown and Company

Question: when was it launched?

Answer: April 2002

Gossip Girl (novel series) [SEP] Publication

The first novel, "Gossip Girl", was released in April 2002; the eleventh novel of the series was released in May 2007, with a prequel novel following in October 2007. Another follow-up novel, in which the characters return home from college for the holidays, was released in hardback format in November 2009. The original novel became the inspiration for the "Gossip Girl" teen drama television series, created by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage, which premiered on The CW on September 19, 2007. There are now 13 novels. In May 2008, a follow-up series, "Gossip Girl: The Carlyles", began publication, following the Carlyle triplets as they begin moving to the Upper East Side.


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the series based off a book?

Context: Yes - the novel series 'Gossip Girl'

Context: who is the author?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Little, Brown and Company

Context: when was it launched?

Context: April 2002

Question: when did the show's first episode air?

Answer: September 19, 2007

Gossip Girl [SEP] Introduction


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the series based off a book?

Context: Yes - the novel series 'Gossip Girl'

Context: who is the author?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Little, Brown and Company

Context: when was it launched?

Context: April 2002

Context: when did the show's first episode air?

Context: September 19, 2007

Question: how was the show received?

Answer: It received positive reviews.

Explanation: "Gossip Girl" initially received positive reviews. Due to the show's pedigree as an adaptation of "The New York Times" bestselling novel series, the show was considered to be one of the more anticipated new shows of the 2007–2008 television season. An August 2007 survey by OTX, a global media research and consulting firm, placed the show on the list of top ten new shows that viewers were aware of. Though the pilot was the recipient of many positive reviews from publications such as "Variety", "The Washington Post", "San Francisco Chronicle" and the "Boston Globe", other reviewers described it as a guilty pleasure rather than an hour's worth of must-watch television. Metacritic gave it a score of 59, based on the reviews of 40 different publications.

Gossip Girl [SEP] Critical response


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the series based off a book?

Context: Yes - the novel series 'Gossip Girl'

Context: who is the author?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Little, Brown and Company

Context: when was it launched?

Context: April 2002

Context: when did the show's first episode air?

Context: September 19, 2007

Context: how was the show received?

Context: It received positive reviews.

Question: who were the critics?

Answer: Cecily von Ziegesar

Gossip Girl [SEP] Critical response

Metacritic gave it a score of 59, based on the reviews of 40 different publications. Toward the conclusion of the first season, Janet Malcolm of "The New Yorker" criticized the show for its deviations from the novels. She has stated that the series was "related to the original only in the names and outlines of the characters". She further asserted that, "Without von Ziegesar's fast, mocking commentary to propel them, the TV episodes are sluggish and crass—a move from Barneys to Kmart." However, author Cecily von Ziegesar has expressed support for the show, noting that all of her major plot points were present in the pilot.


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the series based off a book?

Context: Yes - the novel series 'Gossip Girl'

Context: who is the author?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Little, Brown and Company

Context: when was it launched?

Context: April 2002

Context: when did the show's first episode air?

Context: September 19, 2007

Context: how was the show received?

Context: It received positive reviews.

Context: who were the critics?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Question: on which channel did the show air?

Answer: The CW

Gossip Girl [SEP] Introduction


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the series based off a book?

Context: Yes - the novel series 'Gossip Girl'

Context: who is the author?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Little, Brown and Company

Context: when was it launched?

Context: April 2002

Context: when did the show's first episode air?

Context: September 19, 2007

Context: how was the show received?

Context: It received positive reviews.

Context: who were the critics?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Context: on which channel did the show air?

Context: The CW

Question: what's the full form?

Answer: CBS and Warner Media

Explanation: The network's name is an abbreviation derived from the first letters of the names of its two parent corporations (CBS and Warner Media.).

The CW [SEP] Introduction

It is also available in Canada on pay television providers through stations owned-and-operated by ViacomCBS and affiliates that are located within proximity to the Canada–United States border (whose broadcasts of CW shows are subject to simultaneous substitution laws imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, if a Canadian network holds the broadcast rights); it is also available through two affiliates that are classified in the United States as superstations – New York City affiliate WPIX and Los Angeles affiliate KTLA.


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the series based off a book?

Context: Yes - the novel series 'Gossip Girl'

Context: who is the author?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Little, Brown and Company

Context: when was it launched?

Context: April 2002

Context: when did the show's first episode air?

Context: September 19, 2007

Context: how was the show received?

Context: It received positive reviews.

Context: who were the critics?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Context: on which channel did the show air?

Context: The CW

Context: what's the full form?

Context: CBS and Warner Media

Question: is the show still running?

Answer: No, the sixth and final season premiered on October 8, 2012.

Explanation:
On May 11, 2012, it was announced "Gossip Girl" would return for a shortened sixth and final season, which premiered on October 8, 2012. During the CW upfronts, network president Mark Pedowitz said the number of episodes had not yet been decided and could consist of 10 episodes with a retrospective, meaning it would end before Christmas.

The season premiered with 0.78 million viewers tuning in, marking a series low for the show. The following week, there was a further drop in viewership, with only 0.76 million viewers, once again breaking the record for series-low ratings.

On October 29, 2012, the episode "Portrait of a Lady Alexander" was postponed due to the impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Eastern Seaboard. Widespread power outages led to the decision of pushing the new episode back a week and re-airing the previous episode, "Dirty Rotten Scandal".

Gossip Girl [SEP] Season 6: 2012


Context: In Season 6 -  In the series finale

Context: what is gossip girl?

Context: who acts in it?

Context: did it have any guest stars?

Context: who is the director?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is the series based off a book?

Context: Yes - the novel series 'Gossip Girl'

Context: who is the author?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Context: who is the publisher?

Context: Little, Brown and Company

Context: when was it launched?

Context: April 2002

Context: when did the show's first episode air?

Context: September 19, 2007

Context: how was the show received?

Context: It received positive reviews.

Context: who were the critics?

Context: Cecily von Ziegesar

Context: on which channel did the show air?

Context: The CW

Context: what's the full form?

Context: CBS and Warner Media

Context: is the show still running?

Context: No, the sixth and final season premiered on October 8, 2012.

Question: who is the producer?

Answer: Executive producers are Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage.

Explanation: "The O.C." creator Josh Schwartz and fellow writer Stephanie Savage served as the show's executive producers throughout the series' run, followed by Bob Levy and Leslie Morgenstein of Alloy Entertainment, who were assigned in aiding the adaptation of the novels into the series. Following the success of "Gossip Girl", "Gilmore Girls" co-producer, John Stephens was approached by Schwartz and Savage, having previously worked with him on "The O.C.", and hired him as an executive producer. Joshua Safran, who started as a writer/consulting producer before becoming co-executive producer, was later added as an executive producer. On April 24, 2012, it was announced that he would leave the show at the end of the fifth season to be the new showrunner of NBC's now-cancelled musical series "Smash". To fill in Safran's void, co-executive producer Sara Goodman was promoted to executive producer for the sixth season. Alexandra Patsavas who worked with Schwartz on "The O.C." was in charge of the music

Gossip Girl [SEP] Production team


Question: marina and the diamonds electra heart album songs

Answer: "Primadonna", "Power & Control", "How to Be a Heartbreaker", "Lonely Hearts " and others.

Electra Heart [SEP] Introduction

"Electra Heart" was supported by three singles, all of which were supplemented by music videos. "Primadonna" was released as the lead single from the album on 20 March 2012, and peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart. Follow-up singles "Power & Control" and "How to Be a Heartbreaker" were respectively released on 20 July and 7 December, and reached numbers 193 and 88 in the United Kingdom. Promotional single "Radioactive" charted inside the top 40 in several countries. The album was additionally promoted by Diamandis' headlining The Lonely Hearts Club Tour, which visited Europe and North America from May 2012 through May 2013.


Context: marina and the diamonds electra heart album songs

Context: "Primadonna", "Power & Control", "How to Be a Heartbreaker", "Lonely Hearts " and others.

Question: which band has created this album?

Answer: Not by a band , but the singer Marina Diamandis created this.

Electra Heart [SEP] Introduction

Electra Heart is the second studio album by Welsh singer Marina Diamandis, released under the stage name Marina and the Diamonds. It was released on 27 April 2012 by 679 Artists and Atlantic Records. Diamandis collaborated with producers including Liam Howe, Greg Kurstin, Dr. Luke, Diplo and Stargate during its recording, and subsequently transitioned from the new wave musical styles seen throughout her debut studio album, "The Family Jewels" (2010). Their efforts resulted in a concept album consisting of electropop and dance-pop music, a distinct departure from her earlier projects. Lyrically, the album discusses topics of love and identity. Diamandis created the title character "Electra Heart" to represent female archetypes in popular American culture (House Wife, Beauty Queen, Homewrecker and Idle Teen).


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: Not by a band , but the singer Marina Diamandis created this.

Question: were any of the songs from this album, performed at any of her tours?

Answer: Yes, "How to Be a Heartbreaker" was performed on The Lonely Hearts Club Tour at the HMV Institute in Birmingham.

How to Be a Heartbreaker [SEP] Live performances

Diamandis first performed "How to Be a Heartbreaker" live on 29 June 2012 on The Lonely Hearts Club Tour at the HMV Institute in Birmingham. She has since performed the song during most of her Lonely Hearts Club Tour performances and opening performances on Coldplay's Mylo Xyloto Tour, occasionally adding another breakdown after the second chorus. On 9 July 2012, she performed the song on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" along with "Primadonna". She has performed the song acoustically on various radio stations and television appearances in Europe and Canada. She also performed the song as part of her "YouTube Presents" streaming performance along with four other songs from "Electra Heart" on 15 August 2012.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: were any of the songs from this album, performed at any of her tours?

Context: Yes, "How to Be a Heartbreaker" was performed on The Lonely Hearts Club Tour at the HMV Institute in Birmingham.

Question: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Answer: To promote her new album.

Explanation: In February 2012, Diamandis announced the launch of her headlining The Lonely Hearts Club Tour. It ran alongside the Mylo Xyloto Tour headlined by Coldplay, for which Diamandis served as the supporting act.

The Lonely Hearts Club Tour [SEP] Introduction

The Lonely Hearts Club Tour is the second concert tour by Welsh singer-songwriter Marina and the Diamonds.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Question: where was the singer born?

Answer: Brynmawr.

Marina Diamandis [SEP] Early life

Marina Lambrini Diamandis was born on 10 October 1985 in Brynmawr, and grew up near Abergavenny in the village of Pandy. She has one older sister. Her Welsh mother and Greek father met at Newcastle University and separated when Marina was four years old. Following the separation, her father returned to Greece but would occasionally visit, while Diamandis remained in a bungalow in Wales with her mother; she described her childhood as "simple and idyllic" and "peaceful, very normal, poor." As a child, Diamandis attended Haberdashers' Monmouth School for Girls, reflecting, "I sort of found my talent there... I was the one who always skived off choir, but I had an incredible music teacher who managed to convince me I could do anything." At the age of 16, she moved to Greece with her father "to connect with my heritage and learn to speak the language", and sang Greek folk songs with her grandmother.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Question: is it a city?

Answer: It is a market town, community and electoral ward.

Brynmawr [SEP] Introduction

Brynmawr (; , , is a market town, community and electoral ward in Blaenau Gwent, Wales. The town, sometimes cited as the highest town in Wales, is situated at above sea level at the head of the South Wales Valleys. It grew with the development of the coal mining and iron industries in the early 19th century. Until the reorganisation of local authorities in 1974, Brynmawr was administered as part of the county of Brecknockshire.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: It is a market town, community and electoral ward.

Question: can we see any interesting places there?

Answer: Yes, a nature reserve named Parc Nant y Waun.

Brynmawr [SEP] Places of interest

Parc Nant y Waun is a nature reserve incorporating of grassland, mires and reservoirs which was officially opened in 2007. Home to many wildlife species, it includes a picnic area, an outdoor classroom, and an angling club.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: can we see any interesting places there?

Context: Yes, a nature reserve named Parc Nant y Waun.

Question: what do they do for their economic stability?

Answer: There are many traditional, family oriented and independently run shops, along with many artisan food producing units.

Brynmawr [SEP] Commerce and local economy

The town centre's primary shopping areas are contained within Beaufort Street and on Market Square which is also the focal point of the town where many events are hosted. The former Market Hall is now a cinema and theatre presenting films and productions from the local amateur operatic society. The business community offers many traditional, family-orientated and independently run shops, such as Tutta Bella, Durbans Shoe repairs, Perfectday Bridal and many more. The Tabor Centre, situated in Davies Street, is a multi-purpose community venue with rooms available for hire. Brynmawr is also home to many artisan food producers, such as the award-winning Miss Daisy's Kitchen, specialist vegan and gluten-free food producers Daddies Little Pickle, and the Little Dragon Pizza Van, who organise the annual Brynmawr Street Food Festival.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: what do they do for their economic stability?

Context: There are many traditional, family oriented and independently run shops, along with many artisan food producing units.

Question: can you name any food from the town?

Answer: Pickle and Pizza .

Explanation: Brynmawr is also home to many artisan food producers, such as the award-winning Miss Daisy's Kitchen, specialist vegan and gluten-free food producers Daddies Little Pickle, and the Little Dragon Pizza Van, who organise the annual Brynmawr Street Food Festival.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: can you name any food from the town?

Context: Pickle and Pizza .

Question: where is the town located?

Answer: In Blaenau Gwent, Wales, above the South West Valleys.

Explanation: Brynmawr (; , , is a market town, community and electoral ward in Blaenau Gwent, Wales. The town, sometimes cited as the highest town in Wales, is situated at above sea level at the head of the South Wales Valleys.

Brynmawr [SEP] Introduction


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: can you name any food from the town?

Context: Pickle and Pizza .

Context: where is the town located?

Context: In Blaenau Gwent, Wales, above the South West Valleys.

Question: did the wales valley faced any decline?

Answer: Yes, it began after 1947.

South Wales Valleys [SEP] Decline

The coal mining industry of the Valleys was buoyed throughout World War II, though there were expectations of a return to the pre-1939 industrial collapse after the end of the war. There was a sense of salvation when the government announced the nationalisation of British coalmines in 1947; but the following decades saw a continual reduction in the output from the Welsh mines. The decline in the mining of coal after World War II was a country-wide issue, but southern Wales was more severely affected than other areas of Britain. Oil had superseded coal as the fuel of choice in many industries, and there was political pressure influencing the supply of oil.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: can you name any food from the town?

Context: Pickle and Pizza .

Context: where is the town located?

Context: did the wales valley faced any decline?

Context: Yes, it began after 1947.

Question: what culture do they follow?

Answer: The Welsh culture.

South Wales Valleys [SEP] Culture

The South Wales Valleys contain a large proportion of the Welsh population and remain an important centre of Welsh culture, despite the growing economic dominance of Cardiff. The UK Parliament's first Labour Party MP, Keir Hardie, was elected from the area, and the Valleys remain a stronghold of Labour Party power. Rugby union is very popular, and pitches can be seen along the valley corridors. The geographical shape of the valleys has its effect on culture. Roads stretch along valleys and connect the different settlements in the valley, whereas neighbouring valleys are separated by hills and mountains. Consequently, the towns in a valley are more closely associated with each other than they are with towns in the neighbouring valley, even when the towns in the neighbouring valley are closer on the map.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: can you name any food from the town?

Context: Pickle and Pizza .

Context: where is the town located?

Context: did the wales valley faced any decline?

Context: Yes, it began after 1947.

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: The Welsh culture.

Question: can you specify any of their tradition?

Answer: The patron saint of Wales is Saint David, "Dewi Sant" in Welsh.

Culture of Wales [SEP] Festivals

The patron saint of Wales is Saint David, "Dewi Sant" in Welsh. St. David's Day is celebrated on 1 March, which some people argue should be designated a public holiday in Wales. Other days which have been proposed for national public commemorations are 16 September (the day on which Owain Glyndŵr's rebellion began) and 11 December (the death of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd). The traditional seasonal festivals in Wales are:


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: can you name any food from the town?

Context: Pickle and Pizza .

Context: where is the town located?

Context: did the wales valley faced any decline?

Context: Yes, it began after 1947.

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: The Welsh culture.

Context: can you specify any of their tradition?

Context: The patron saint of Wales is Saint David, "Dewi Sant" in Welsh.

Question: who is the saint mentioned above?

Answer: He was a Welsh bishop of Mynyw during the 6th century.

Saint David [SEP] Introduction

Saint David (; ; ) was a Welsh bishop of Mynyw (now St Davids) during the 6th century. He is the patron saint of Wales. David was a native of Wales, and a relatively large amount of information is known about his life. His birth date, however, is uncertain: suggestions range from 462 to 512. He is traditionally believed to be the son of Saint Non and the grandson of Ceredig ap Cunedda, king of Ceredigion. The Welsh annals placed his death 569 years after the birth of Christ, but Phillimore's dating revised this to 601.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: can you name any food from the town?

Context: Pickle and Pizza .

Context: where is the town located?

Context: did the wales valley faced any decline?

Context: Yes, it began after 1947.

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: The Welsh culture.

Context: can you specify any of their tradition?

Context: who is the saint mentioned above?

Context: He was a Welsh bishop of Mynyw during the 6th century.

Question: what was his connection to glastonbury?

Answer: According to William of Malmesbury , The saint commissioned an extension to be built to the Glastonbury Abbey.

Saint David [SEP] Connections to Glastonbury

Rhigyfarch counted Glastonbury Abbey among the churches David founded. Around forty years later William of Malmesbury, believing the Abbey older, said that David visited Glastonbury only to rededicate the Abbey and to donate a travelling altar including a great sapphire. He had had a vision of Jesus who said that "the church had been dedicated long ago by Himself in honour of His Mother, and it was not seemly that it should be re-dedicated by human hands". So David instead commissioned an extension to be built to the abbey, east of the Old Church. (The dimensions of this extension given by William were verified archaeologically in 1921.) One manuscript indicates that a sapphire altar was among the items Henry VIII of England confiscated from the abbey during the Dissolution of the Monasteries a thousand years later.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: can you name any food from the town?

Context: Pickle and Pizza .

Context: where is the town located?

Context: did the wales valley faced any decline?

Context: Yes, it began after 1947.

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: The Welsh culture.

Context: can you specify any of their tradition?

Context: who is the saint mentioned above?

Context: what was his connection to glastonbury?

Context: According to William of Malmesbury , The saint commissioned an extension to be built to the Glastonbury Abbey.

Question: was any hagiography written for the saint?

Answer: Yes,the "Buchedd Dewi" ("Life of David").

Saint David [SEP] Hagiography

Many of the traditional tales about David are found in the "Buchedd Dewi" ("Life of David"), a hagiography written by Rhygyfarch in the late 11th century. Rhygyfarch claimed it was based on documents found in the cathedral archives. Modern historians are sceptical of some of its claims: one of Rhygyfarch's aims was to establish some independence for the Welsh church, which had refused the Roman rite until the 8th century and now sought a metropolitan status equal to that of Canterbury. (This may apply to the supposed pilgrimage to Jerusalem where he is said to have been anointed as an archbishop by the patriarch.) The tradition that he was born at Henfynyw (Vetus-Menevia) in Ceredigion is not improbable.


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: can you name any food from the town?

Context: Pickle and Pizza .

Context: where is the town located?

Context: did the wales valley faced any decline?

Context: Yes, it began after 1947.

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: The Welsh culture.

Context: can you specify any of their tradition?

Context: who is the saint mentioned above?

Context: what was his connection to glastonbury?

Context: was any hagiography written for the saint?

Context: Yes,the "Buchedd Dewi" ("Life of David").

Question: who wrote it?

Answer: Rhygyfarch.

Saint David [SEP] Hagiography


Context: which band has created this album?

Context: what was the purpose of this club tour?

Context: To promote her new album.

Context: where was the singer born?

Context: Brynmawr.

Context: is it a city?

Context: can you name any food from the town?

Context: Pickle and Pizza .

Context: where is the town located?

Context: did the wales valley faced any decline?

Context: Yes, it began after 1947.

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: The Welsh culture.

Context: can you specify any of their tradition?

Context: who is the saint mentioned above?

Context: what was his connection to glastonbury?

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Rhygyfarch.

Question: where was he from?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Rhygyfarch [SEP] Introduction

Rhygyfarch or Rhigyfarch (in contemporary late Old Welsh orthography Ricemarch, 1057–1099), eldest son of Sulien, whom he may have succeeded in 1091 as Bishop of St David's, was the author of the standard "Life of Saint David". The original text was written in Latin but was translated into Welsh later in the Middle Ages as "Buchedd Dewi" and did much to enhance the cult status of Saint David in Wales. He also wrote Latin poems, including one dealing with the different versions of the Psalter, and another called "Planctus Ricemarch" (Rhygyfarch's Lament), bemoaning the state of those parts of south Wales under Norman occupation.


Question: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Answer: She was a Scottish heiress and philanthropist.

Margaret Macpherson Grant [SEP] Introduction

Margaret Macpherson Grant (27 April 183414 April 1877) was a Scottish heiress and philanthropist. Born in Aberlour parish to a local surgeon, she was educated in Hampshire, and was left an only child when her elder brother died in India in 1852. Two years later, she inherited a large fortune from her uncle, Alexander Grant, an Aberlour-born planter and merchant who had become rich in Jamaica. Macpherson Grant took up residence in Aberlour House, which had been built for her uncle by William Robertson. She lived unconventionally for a woman of her time, dressing in a manner one newspaper called "manly", and entering into what was described as a form of marriage with a female companion, Charlotte Temple, whom she had met in London in 1864.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: She was a Scottish heiress and philanthropist.

Question: where was she born?

Answer: Aberlour.

Explanation: Born in Aberlour parish to a local surgeon, she was educated in Hampshire, and was left an only child when her elder brother died in India in 1852. Two years later, she inherited a large fortune from her uncle, Alexander Grant, an Aberlour-born planter and merchant who had become rich in Jamaica.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Question: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Answer: No.

Margaret Macpherson Grant [SEP] Philanthropy

Macpherson Grant continued to fund enterprises of the Episcopal Church. She provided the organ for Inverness Cathedral, which was built between 1866 and 1869 by the architect Alexander Ross, and in 1874 she persuaded Canon Charles Jupp to come to Aberlour to act as her personal chaplain with the promise to build an orphanage with a church and school. The orphanage was founded in 1875, under Jupp's administration. It initially operated out of a cottage until new buildings were completed. Alexander Ross was engaged to design the orphanage and its chapel, later known as St Margaret's Church, and work on these started in 1875.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Question: where is her birthplace exactly located?

Answer: Aberlour is a town in Moray, Scotland, south of Elgin on the road to Grantown.

Aberlour [SEP] Introduction

Aberlour () is a town in Moray, Scotland, south of Elgin on the road to Grantown. The Lour burn is a tributary of the River Spey, and it and the surrounding parish are both named Aberlour, but the name is more commonly used in reference to the village which straddles the stream and flanks the Spey – although the full name of the village is Charlestown of Aberlour.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: where is her birthplace exactly located?

Context: Aberlour is a town in Moray, Scotland, south of Elgin on the road to Grantown.

Question: what languages are spoken in this area of scotland?

Answer: Scottish Gaelic, Doric and Scottish English.

Explanation:
The first records on language use in the area indicate that in 1705, most of Moray except for the coast was described as "Wholly Irish & Highland Countreys" and "Ye Irish Parishes in which both languages are spoken." By 1822, Scottish Gaelic had weakened in the area, with only the far south of Moray reporting that, at best, 10% of the population were speaking Gaelic better than English. Records towards the end of the 19th century improved and show that between 1881 and 1921 the percentage of Gaelic speakers in Moray fluctuated as shown in the following table:

Since then, it has been consistently below 1%. It was largely replaced by Doric and latterly Scottish English.

Moray [SEP] Language


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: what languages are spoken in this area of scotland?

Context: Scottish Gaelic, Doric and Scottish English.

Question: what are some of the universities or colleges you can find here?

Answer: University of the Highlands and Islands and Moray College.

Moray [SEP] Education

There are 45 primary and eight secondary schools in Moray and the council currently has responsibility for educating more than 13,000 school pupils. The council's community learning and development team is also involved in arranging a wide range of classes and courses for adult learners. The council also currently operates 15 public libraries, all with free internet and e-mail access, and two mobile libraries which service users in more remote areas. Moray is also home to the University of the Highlands and Islands affiliated Moray College, and to Gordonstoun independent boarding school and its accompanying preparatory school, Aberlour House.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: what are some of the universities or colleges you can find here?

Context: University of the Highlands and Islands and Moray College.

Question: does the first university have campuses at different locations?

Answer: Yes, Oban, Lochgilphead, Helensburgh, Campbeltown, Islay, Dunoon, Rothesay and Arran.

University of the Highlands and Islands [SEP] Campuses

University of the Highlands and Islands has 13 individual colleges and each college/research centre has its own campus in different locations. As colleges offer different programmes, not all courses are available at every campus. Some campuses such as SAMS have tiny student populations all learning the same sort of course, and some campuses such as Inverness College have diverse disciplines. Some UHI colleges have student accommodation on their campuses and some of them do not. Argyll College does not have a single campus; staffed learning centers are located in Oban, Lochgilphead, Helensburgh, Campbeltown, Islay, Dunoon, Rothesay and Arran. Lews Castle College campus is set in 600 acres of parkland beside the principal harbour town of Stornoway.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: does the first university have campuses at different locations?

Context: Yes, Oban, Lochgilphead, Helensburgh, Campbeltown, Islay, Dunoon, Rothesay and Arran.

Question: what curriculums can you find at the latter college you mentioned?

Answer: art, business and administration, care and social sciences, communication and languages, computing and information technology, hairdressing, beauty and complementary therapies, hospitality, science, maths, sport, skills for life and technology.

Moray College [SEP] Curriculum

Main subject areas taught at the college are art, business and administration, care and social sciences, communication and languages, computing and information technology, hairdressing, beauty and complementary therapies, hospitality, science, maths, sport, skills for life and technology. A number of additional subject areas are available through the college partnership with the University of the Highlands and Islands. In 2011 the college launched an online whisky tasting course.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: what curriculums can you find at the latter college you mentioned?

Context: art, business and administration, care and social sciences, communication and languages, computing and information technology, hairdressing, beauty and complementary therapies, hospitality, science, maths, sport, skills for life and technology.

Question: is there a center in or around the college?

Answer: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Moray College [SEP] Alexander Graham Bell Centre

The Alexander Graham Bell Centre is a 3-storey extension at Moray College UHI which includes a simulated ward area, fitted with healthcare equipment such as hoists, that can be used as part of training for nursing. The £6.5m facility was funded by Moray College UHI, NHS Grampian, Highlands and Islands Enterprise and the European Regional Development Fund. It has received an award in the Education Building or Project category at the prestigious Scottish Design Awards. The centre also has conference facilities, eight classrooms and a café.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: is there a center in or around the college?

Context: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Question: what is this center's purpose?

Answer: It includes a simulated ward area, fitted with healthcare equipment such as hoists, that can be used as part of training for nursing.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Context: what is this center's purpose?

Context: It includes a simulated ward area, fitted with healthcare equipment such as hoists, that can be used as part of training for nursing.

Question: from where did the first language you mentioned originated?

Answer: It is believed to have been brought to Scotland, in the 4th–5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll.

Scottish Gaelic [SEP] Origins

Based on medieval traditional accounts and the apparent evidence from linguistic geography, Gaelic has been commonly believed to have been brought to Scotland, in the 4th–5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll. An alternative view has recently been voiced by archaeologist Dr Ewan Campbell, who has argued that the putative migration or takeover is not reflected in archaeological or placename data (as pointed out earlier by Leslie Alcock). Campbell has also questioned the age and reliability of the medieval historical sources speaking of a conquest. Instead, he has inferred that Argyll formed part of a common Q-Celtic-speaking area with Ireland, connected rather than divided by the sea, since the Iron Age.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Context: what is this center's purpose?

Context: from where did the first language you mentioned originated?

Context: It is believed to have been brought to Scotland, in the 4th–5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll.

Question: what is its status?

Answer: The Endangered Languages Project lists Gaelic's status as "threatened", with "20,000 to 30,000 active users". UNESCO classifies Gaelic as "definitely endangered".

Explanation: The Endangered Languages Project lists Gaelic's status as "threatened", with "20,000 to 30,000 active users". UNESCO classifies Gaelic as "definitely endangered".

Scottish Gaelic [SEP] Status


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Context: what is this center's purpose?

Context: what is its status?

Context: The Endangered Languages Project lists Gaelic's status as "threatened", with "20,000 to 30,000 active users". UNESCO classifies Gaelic as "definitely endangered".

Question: do you need to qualify in this language?

Answer: There are 2 qualifications by the Scottish Qualifications Authority; Gaelic for learners and Gaelic for native speakers.

Explanation: The Scottish Qualifications Authority offer two streams of Gaelic examination across all levels of the syllabus: Gaelic for learners (equivalent to the modern foreign languages syllabus) and Gaelic for native speakers (equivalent to the English syllabus).

Scottish Gaelic [SEP] Qualifications in the language


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Context: what is this center's purpose?

Context: what is its status?

Context: do you need to qualify in this language?

Context: There are 2 qualifications by the Scottish Qualifications Authority; Gaelic for learners and Gaelic for native speakers.

Question: when was this authority established?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: She was a Scottish heiress and philanthropist.

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: where is her birthplace exactly located?

Context: Aberlour is a town in Moray, Scotland, south of Elgin on the road to Grantown.

Context: what languages are spoken in this area of scotland?

Context: Scottish Gaelic, Doric and Scottish English.

Context: what are some of the universities or colleges you can find here?

Context: University of the Highlands and Islands and Moray College.

Context: does the first university have campuses at different locations?

Context: Yes, Oban, Lochgilphead, Helensburgh, Campbeltown, Islay, Dunoon, Rothesay and Arran.

Context: what curriculums can you find at the latter college you mentioned?

Context: art, business and administration, care and social sciences, communication and languages, computing and information technology, hairdressing, beauty and complementary therapies, hospitality, science, maths, sport, skills for life and technology.

Context: is there a center in or around the college?

Context: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Context: what is this center's purpose?

Context: It includes a simulated ward area, fitted with healthcare equipment such as hoists, that can be used as part of training for nursing.

Context: from where did the first language you mentioned originated?

Context: It is believed to have been brought to Scotland, in the 4th–5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll.

Context: what is its status?

Context: The Endangered Languages Project lists Gaelic's status as "threatened", with "20,000 to 30,000 active users". UNESCO classifies Gaelic as "definitely endangered".

Context: do you need to qualify in this language?

Context: There are 2 qualifications by the Scottish Qualifications Authority; Gaelic for learners and Gaelic for native speakers.

Context: when was this authority established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: have they partnered with anyone?

Answer: Yes, with Universities Scotland, QAA Scotland and the Scottish Government.

Scottish Qualifications Authority [SEP] Partnerships

SQA is one of the four partner national organisations involved in the Curriculum for Excellence. It works with partners on all strands of the development. Its principal role is to contribute to work on qualifications and assessment. SQA's role in Curriculum for Excellence is to design and develop the new qualifications and assessment. SQA has joined with Universities Scotland, QAA Scotland and the Scottish Government to create the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework or SCQF. Every Scottish qualification—from the Access level for those with learning difficulties to a Doctorate and including vocational as well as ESOL and BSL qualifications—is allocated a level and credit value within this framework, which all partners have agreed to recognise.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: She was a Scottish heiress and philanthropist.

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: where is her birthplace exactly located?

Context: Aberlour is a town in Moray, Scotland, south of Elgin on the road to Grantown.

Context: what languages are spoken in this area of scotland?

Context: Scottish Gaelic, Doric and Scottish English.

Context: what are some of the universities or colleges you can find here?

Context: University of the Highlands and Islands and Moray College.

Context: does the first university have campuses at different locations?

Context: Yes, Oban, Lochgilphead, Helensburgh, Campbeltown, Islay, Dunoon, Rothesay and Arran.

Context: what curriculums can you find at the latter college you mentioned?

Context: art, business and administration, care and social sciences, communication and languages, computing and information technology, hairdressing, beauty and complementary therapies, hospitality, science, maths, sport, skills for life and technology.

Context: is there a center in or around the college?

Context: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Context: what is this center's purpose?

Context: It includes a simulated ward area, fitted with healthcare equipment such as hoists, that can be used as part of training for nursing.

Context: from where did the first language you mentioned originated?

Context: It is believed to have been brought to Scotland, in the 4th–5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll.

Context: what is its status?

Context: The Endangered Languages Project lists Gaelic's status as "threatened", with "20,000 to 30,000 active users". UNESCO classifies Gaelic as "definitely endangered".

Context: do you need to qualify in this language?

Context: There are 2 qualifications by the Scottish Qualifications Authority; Gaelic for learners and Gaelic for native speakers.

Context: when was this authority established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: have they partnered with anyone?

Context: Yes, with Universities Scotland, QAA Scotland and the Scottish Government.

Question: where is the above government's international office located?

Answer: Brussels and Belgium.

Explanation: The Scottish Government has a European Union representative office, located at Rond-Point Robert Schuman in Brussels, Belgium, which forms a part of the United Kingdom Permanent Representation to the European Union. The Scottish Government also maintains offices within the British Embassy in Washington, D.C., as well as the British Embassy in Berlin and has accredited representatives within the British Embassy in Beijing.

Scottish Government [SEP] International offices


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: She was a Scottish heiress and philanthropist.

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: where is her birthplace exactly located?

Context: Aberlour is a town in Moray, Scotland, south of Elgin on the road to Grantown.

Context: what languages are spoken in this area of scotland?

Context: Scottish Gaelic, Doric and Scottish English.

Context: what are some of the universities or colleges you can find here?

Context: University of the Highlands and Islands and Moray College.

Context: does the first university have campuses at different locations?

Context: Yes, Oban, Lochgilphead, Helensburgh, Campbeltown, Islay, Dunoon, Rothesay and Arran.

Context: what curriculums can you find at the latter college you mentioned?

Context: art, business and administration, care and social sciences, communication and languages, computing and information technology, hairdressing, beauty and complementary therapies, hospitality, science, maths, sport, skills for life and technology.

Context: is there a center in or around the college?

Context: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Context: what is this center's purpose?

Context: It includes a simulated ward area, fitted with healthcare equipment such as hoists, that can be used as part of training for nursing.

Context: from where did the first language you mentioned originated?

Context: It is believed to have been brought to Scotland, in the 4th–5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll.

Context: what is its status?

Context: The Endangered Languages Project lists Gaelic's status as "threatened", with "20,000 to 30,000 active users". UNESCO classifies Gaelic as "definitely endangered".

Context: do you need to qualify in this language?

Context: There are 2 qualifications by the Scottish Qualifications Authority; Gaelic for learners and Gaelic for native speakers.

Context: when was this authority established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: have they partnered with anyone?

Context: Yes, with Universities Scotland, QAA Scotland and the Scottish Government.

Context: where is the above government's international office located?

Context: Brussels and Belgium.

Question: who leads this government?

Answer: The First Minister.

Scottish Government [SEP] Introduction

The Scottish Government () is the devolved government of Scotland. The government is led by the First Minister, who selects the Cabinet Secretaries, who attend Cabinet, and Ministers with the approval of Parliament. Government ministers all sit in parliament, and are accountable to it. The government is dependent on parliament to pass primary legislation. The Government was established in 1999 as the "Scottish Executive" under the Scotland Act 1998, which created a devolved administration of Scotland in line with the result of the 1997 referendum on Scottish devolution. Following increasing use of the name "Government" in place of "Executive" during the first decade of the 21st century, its name was formally changed in law to Scottish Government by the Scotland Act 2012.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: She was a Scottish heiress and philanthropist.

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: where is her birthplace exactly located?

Context: Aberlour is a town in Moray, Scotland, south of Elgin on the road to Grantown.

Context: what languages are spoken in this area of scotland?

Context: Scottish Gaelic, Doric and Scottish English.

Context: what are some of the universities or colleges you can find here?

Context: University of the Highlands and Islands and Moray College.

Context: does the first university have campuses at different locations?

Context: Yes, Oban, Lochgilphead, Helensburgh, Campbeltown, Islay, Dunoon, Rothesay and Arran.

Context: what curriculums can you find at the latter college you mentioned?

Context: art, business and administration, care and social sciences, communication and languages, computing and information technology, hairdressing, beauty and complementary therapies, hospitality, science, maths, sport, skills for life and technology.

Context: is there a center in or around the college?

Context: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Context: what is this center's purpose?

Context: It includes a simulated ward area, fitted with healthcare equipment such as hoists, that can be used as part of training for nursing.

Context: from where did the first language you mentioned originated?

Context: It is believed to have been brought to Scotland, in the 4th–5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll.

Context: what is its status?

Context: The Endangered Languages Project lists Gaelic's status as "threatened", with "20,000 to 30,000 active users". UNESCO classifies Gaelic as "definitely endangered".

Context: do you need to qualify in this language?

Context: There are 2 qualifications by the Scottish Qualifications Authority; Gaelic for learners and Gaelic for native speakers.

Context: when was this authority established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: have they partnered with anyone?

Context: Yes, with Universities Scotland, QAA Scotland and the Scottish Government.

Context: where is the above government's international office located?

Context: Brussels and Belgium.

Context: who leads this government?

Context: The First Minister.

Question: what is the prominent culture of the latter country you just mentioned?

Answer: Major artistic movements.

Belgium [SEP] Culture

Despite its political and linguistic divisions, the region corresponding to today's Belgium has seen the flourishing of major artistic movements that have had tremendous influence on European art and culture. Nowadays, to a certain extent, cultural life is concentrated within each language Community, and a variety of barriers have made a shared cultural sphere less pronounced. Since the 1970s, there are no bilingual universities or colleges in the country except the Royal Military Academy and the Antwerp Maritime Academy.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: She was a Scottish heiress and philanthropist.

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: where is her birthplace exactly located?

Context: Aberlour is a town in Moray, Scotland, south of Elgin on the road to Grantown.

Context: what languages are spoken in this area of scotland?

Context: Scottish Gaelic, Doric and Scottish English.

Context: what are some of the universities or colleges you can find here?

Context: University of the Highlands and Islands and Moray College.

Context: does the first university have campuses at different locations?

Context: Yes, Oban, Lochgilphead, Helensburgh, Campbeltown, Islay, Dunoon, Rothesay and Arran.

Context: what curriculums can you find at the latter college you mentioned?

Context: art, business and administration, care and social sciences, communication and languages, computing and information technology, hairdressing, beauty and complementary therapies, hospitality, science, maths, sport, skills for life and technology.

Context: is there a center in or around the college?

Context: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Context: what is this center's purpose?

Context: It includes a simulated ward area, fitted with healthcare equipment such as hoists, that can be used as part of training for nursing.

Context: from where did the first language you mentioned originated?

Context: It is believed to have been brought to Scotland, in the 4th–5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll.

Context: what is its status?

Context: The Endangered Languages Project lists Gaelic's status as "threatened", with "20,000 to 30,000 active users". UNESCO classifies Gaelic as "definitely endangered".

Context: do you need to qualify in this language?

Context: There are 2 qualifications by the Scottish Qualifications Authority; Gaelic for learners and Gaelic for native speakers.

Context: when was this authority established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: have they partnered with anyone?

Context: Yes, with Universities Scotland, QAA Scotland and the Scottish Government.

Context: where is the above government's international office located?

Context: Brussels and Belgium.

Context: who leads this government?

Context: The First Minister.

Context: what is the prominent culture of the latter country you just mentioned?

Context: Major artistic movements.

Question: does this country have folklore history?

Answer: Yes, with religious or mythological backgrounds.

Belgium [SEP] Folklore

Folklore plays a major role in Belgium's cultural life: the country has a comparatively high number of processions, cavalcades, parades, " and 'ducasses', 'kermesse' and other local festivals, nearly always with an originally religious or mythological background. The Carnival of Binche with its famous Gilles and the 'Processional Giants and Dragons' of Ath, Brussels, Dendermonde, Mechelen and Mons are recognized by UNESCO as Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Other examples are the Carnival of Aalst; the still very religious processions of the Holy Blood in Bruges, Virga Jesse Basilica in Hasselt and Basilica of Our Lady of Hanswijk in Mechelen; festival in Liège; and the Walloon festival in Namur.


Context: who is margaret macpherson grant?

Context: She was a Scottish heiress and philanthropist.

Context: where was she born?

Context: Aberlour.

Context: was she involved in humanitarianism?

Context: No.

Context: where is her birthplace exactly located?

Context: Aberlour is a town in Moray, Scotland, south of Elgin on the road to Grantown.

Context: what languages are spoken in this area of scotland?

Context: Scottish Gaelic, Doric and Scottish English.

Context: what are some of the universities or colleges you can find here?

Context: University of the Highlands and Islands and Moray College.

Context: does the first university have campuses at different locations?

Context: Yes, Oban, Lochgilphead, Helensburgh, Campbeltown, Islay, Dunoon, Rothesay and Arran.

Context: what curriculums can you find at the latter college you mentioned?

Context: art, business and administration, care and social sciences, communication and languages, computing and information technology, hairdressing, beauty and complementary therapies, hospitality, science, maths, sport, skills for life and technology.

Context: is there a center in or around the college?

Context: Yes, the Alexander Graham Bell Centre.

Context: what is this center's purpose?

Context: It includes a simulated ward area, fitted with healthcare equipment such as hoists, that can be used as part of training for nursing.

Context: from where did the first language you mentioned originated?

Context: It is believed to have been brought to Scotland, in the 4th–5th centuries CE, by settlers from Ireland who founded the Gaelic kingdom of on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll.

Context: what is its status?

Context: The Endangered Languages Project lists Gaelic's status as "threatened", with "20,000 to 30,000 active users". UNESCO classifies Gaelic as "definitely endangered".

Context: do you need to qualify in this language?

Context: There are 2 qualifications by the Scottish Qualifications Authority; Gaelic for learners and Gaelic for native speakers.

Context: when was this authority established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: have they partnered with anyone?

Context: Yes, with Universities Scotland, QAA Scotland and the Scottish Government.

Context: where is the above government's international office located?

Context: Brussels and Belgium.

Context: who leads this government?

Context: The First Minister.

Context: what is the prominent culture of the latter country you just mentioned?

Context: Major artistic movements.

Context: does this country have folklore history?

Context: Yes, with religious or mythological backgrounds.

Question: can you name some of the fine arts that are found here?

Answer: The Mosan art, the Early Netherlandish, the Flemish Renaissance and Baroque painting.

Belgium [SEP] Fine arts

Contributions to painting and architecture have been especially rich. The Mosan art, the Early Netherlandish, the Flemish Renaissance and Baroque painting and major examples of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture are milestones in the history of art. While the 15th century's art in the Low Countries is dominated by the religious paintings of Jan van Eyck and Rogier van der Weyden, the 16th century is characterized by a broader panel of styles such as Peter Breughel's landscape paintings and Lambert Lombard's representation of the antique. Though the Baroque style of Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony van Dyck flourished in the early 17th century in the Southern Netherlands, it gradually declined thereafter.


Question: what was the tower of london originally used for

Answer: A royal residence.

Tower of London [SEP] Changing use

The beginning of the Tudor period marked the start of the decline of the Tower of London's use as a royal residence. As 16th-century chronicler Raphael Holinshed said the Tower became used more as "an armouries and house of munition, and thereunto a place for the safekeeping of offenders than a palace roiall for a king or queen to sojourne in". The Yeoman Warders have been the Royal Bodyguard since at least 1509. During the reign of Henry VIII, the Tower was assessed as needing considerable work on its defences. In 1532, Thomas Cromwell spent £3,593 on repairs and imported nearly 3,000 tons of Caen stone for the work.


Context: what was the tower of london originally used for

Context: A royal residence.

Question: where is it located?

Answer: On the north bank of the River Thames in central London.

Tower of London [SEP] Introduction

The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite.


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: On the north bank of the River Thames in central London.

Question: when was it built?

Answer: End of 1066.

Explanation: It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England.

Tower of London [SEP] Introduction


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Question: what is its structure?

Answer: The structure was originally three storeys high, comprising a basement floor, an entrance level, and an upper floor.

Tower of London [SEP] White Tower

The structure was originally three storeys high, comprising a basement floor, an entrance level, and an upper floor. The entrance, as is usual in Norman keeps, was above ground, in this case on the south face, and accessed via a wooden staircase which could be removed in the event of an attack. It was probably during Henry II's reign (1154–1189) that a forebuilding was added to the south side of the tower to provide extra defences to the entrance, but it has not survived. Each floor was divided into three chambers, the largest in the west, a smaller room in the north-east, and the chapel taking up the entrance and upper floors of the south-east.


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: The structure was originally three storeys high, comprising a basement floor, an entrance level, and an upper floor.

Question: what do ghosts have to do there?

Answer: A sentry on guard outside the Jewel House claimed to have witnessed an apparition of a bear advancing towards him and a tubular, glowing apparition was claimed to have been seen in the Jewel House by the Keeper of the Crown Jewels, Edmund Lenthal Swifte.

Explanation: In January 1816, a sentry on guard outside the Jewel House claimed to have witnessed an apparition of a bear advancing towards him, and reportedly died of fright a few days later. In October 1817, a tubular, glowing apparition was claimed to have been seen in the Jewel House by the Keeper of the Crown Jewels, Edmund Lenthal Swifte.

Tower of London [SEP] Ghosts

In October 1817, a tubular, glowing apparition was claimed to have been seen in the Jewel House by the Keeper of the Crown Jewels, Edmund Lenthal Swifte. He said that the apparition hovered over the shoulder of his wife, leading her to exclaim: "Oh, Christ! It has seized me!" Other nameless and formless terrors have been reported, more recently, by night staff at the Tower.


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: A sentry on guard outside the Jewel House claimed to have witnessed an apparition of a bear advancing towards him and a tubular, glowing apparition was claimed to have been seen in the Jewel House by the Keeper of the Crown Jewels, Edmund Lenthal Swifte.

Question: what human intervention can we see at the river mentioned above?

Answer: A variety of structures connected with use of the river, such as navigations, bridges and watermills, as well as prehistoric burial mounds

River Thames [SEP] Human activity

The marks of human activity, in some cases dating back to Pre-Roman Britain, are visible at various points along the river. These include a variety of structures connected with use of the river, such as navigations, bridges and watermills, as well as prehistoric burial mounds. A major maritime route is formed for much of its length for shipping and supplies: through the Port of London for international trade, internally along its length and by its connection to the British canal system. The river's position has put it at the centre of many events in British history, leading to it being described by John Burns as "liquid history".


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: what human intervention can we see at the river mentioned above?

Context: A variety of structures connected with use of the river, such as navigations, bridges and watermills, as well as prehistoric burial mounds

Question: why is there a need of life boats?

Answer: Because the river claims a number of lives each year.

River Thames [SEP] Police and lifeboats

The river is policed by five police forces. The Thames Division is the River Police arm of London's Metropolitan Police, while Surrey Police, Thames Valley Police, Essex Police and Kent Police have responsibilities on their parts of the river outside the metropolitan area. There is also a London Fire Brigade fire boat on the river. The river claims a number of lives each year. As a result of the Marchioness disaster in 1989 when 51 people died, the Government asked the Maritime and Coastguard Agency, the Port of London Authority and the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) to work together to set up a dedicated Search and Rescue service for the tidal River Thames.


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: why is there a need of life boats?

Context: Because the river claims a number of lives each year.

Question: what sport events are entertained at the river?

Answer: Sailing, rowing, skiffing and kayaking, to name a few.

River Thames [SEP] Sailing

Sailing is practised on both the tidal and non-tidal reaches of the river. The highest club upstream is at Oxford. The most popular sailing craft used on the Thames are lasers, GP14s and Wayfarers. One sailing boat unique to the Thames is the Thames Rater, which is sailed around Raven's Ait.


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: why is there a need of life boats?

Context: what sport events are entertained at the river?

Context: Sailing, rowing, skiffing and kayaking, to name a few.

Question: what kind of activity is punting?

Answer: It is boating in a punt.

Explanation: Punting is boating in a punt.

Punt (boat) [SEP] Introduction

A punt is a flat-bottomed boat with a square-cut bow, designed for use in small rivers or other shallow water. Punting is boating in a punt. The punter generally propels the punt by pushing against the river bed with a pole. A punt should not be confused with a gondola, a shallow draft vessel that is structurally different, and which is propelled by an oar rather than a pole. Punts were originally built as cargo boats or platforms for fowling and angling, but in modern times their use is almost exclusively confined to pleasure trips with passengers. The term "punt" has also been used to indicate a smaller version of a regional type of long shore working boat, for example the Deal Galley Punt.


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: why is there a need of life boats?

Context: what kind of activity is punting?

Context: It is boating in a punt.

Question: can we see any islands there?

Answer: Yes, there are over 80 islands.

River Thames [SEP] Islands

The River Thames contains over 80 islands ranging from the large estuarial marshlands of the Isle of Sheppey and Canvey Island to small tree-covered islets like Rose Isle in Oxfordshire and Headpile Eyot in Berkshire. They are found all the way from the Isle of Sheppey in Kent to Fiddler's Island in Oxfordshire. Some of the largest inland islands, for example Formosa Island near Cookham and Andersey Island at Abingdon, were created naturally when the course of the river divided into separate streams. In the Oxford area the river splits into several streams across the floodplain (Seacourt Stream, Castle Mill Stream, Bulstake Stream and others), creating several islands (Fiddler's Island, Osney and others).


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: why is there a need of life boats?

Context: what kind of activity is punting?

Context: It is boating in a punt.

Context: can we see any islands there?

Context: Yes, there are over 80 islands.

Question: is there any reference of it in literature?

Answer: Yes, in many novels, diaries and poetry.

River Thames [SEP] Literature

The Thames is mentioned in many works of literature including novels, diaries and poetry. It is the central theme in three in particular: "Three Men in a Boat" by Jerome K. Jerome, first published in 1889, is a humorous account of a boating holiday on the Thames between Kingston and Oxford. The book was intended initially to be a serious travel guide, with accounts of local history of places along the route, but the humorous elements eventually took over. The landscape and features of the Thames as described by Jerome are virtually unchanged, and the book's enduring popularity has meant that it has never been out of print since it was first published.


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: why is there a need of life boats?

Context: what kind of activity is punting?

Context: It is boating in a punt.

Context: can we see any islands there?

Context: Yes, there are over 80 islands.

Context: is there any reference of it in literature?

Context: Yes, in many novels, diaries and poetry.

Question: can you name a few?

Answer: "Three Men in a Boat" and "Our Mutual Friend", to name a few.

Explanation: "Three Men in a Boat" by Jerome K. Jerome, first published in 1889, is a humorous account of a boating holiday on the Thames between Kingston and Oxford. T

River Thames [SEP] Literature


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: why is there a need of life boats?

Context: what kind of activity is punting?

Context: It is boating in a punt.

Context: can we see any islands there?

Context: Yes, there are over 80 islands.

Context: can you name a few?

Context: "Three Men in a Boat" and "Our Mutual Friend", to name a few.

Question: who wrote the first one?

Answer: Jerome K. Jerome.

Explanation: "Three Men in a Boat" by Jerome K. Jerome,

River Thames [SEP] Literature


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: why is there a need of life boats?

Context: what kind of activity is punting?

Context: It is boating in a punt.

Context: can we see any islands there?

Context: Yes, there are over 80 islands.

Context: can you name a few?

Context: who wrote the first one?

Context: Jerome K. Jerome.

Question: in what literary form was it written?

Answer: The book was initially intended to be a serious travel guide, with accounts of local history along the route, but the humorous elements took over to the point where the serious and somewhat sentimental passages seem a distraction to the comic novel.

Three Men in a Boat [SEP] Introduction

Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog), published in 1889, is a humorous account by English writer Jerome K. Jerome of a two-week boating holiday on the Thames from Kingston upon Thames to Oxford and back to Kingston. The book was initially intended to be a serious travel guide, with accounts of local history along the route, but the humorous elements took over to the point where the serious and somewhat sentimental passages seem a distraction to the comic novel. One of the most praised things about "Three Men in a Boat" is how undated it appears to modern readers – the jokes have been praised as fresh and witty.


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: why is there a need of life boats?

Context: what kind of activity is punting?

Context: It is boating in a punt.

Context: can we see any islands there?

Context: Yes, there are over 80 islands.

Context: can you name a few?

Context: who wrote the first one?

Context: Jerome K. Jerome.

Context: in what literary form was it written?

Context: The book was initially intended to be a serious travel guide, with accounts of local history along the route, but the humorous elements took over to the point where the serious and somewhat sentimental passages seem a distraction to the comic novel.

Question: had it ever been performed in theatre?

Answer: Yes, there was a stage adaptation.

Explanation: A stage adaptation earned Jeremy Nicholas a Best Newcomer in a Play nomination at the 1981 Laurence Olivier Awards. The book was adapted by Clive Francis for a 2006 production that toured the UK.

Three Men in a Boat [SEP] Theatre


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: why is there a need of life boats?

Context: what kind of activity is punting?

Context: It is boating in a punt.

Context: can we see any islands there?

Context: Yes, there are over 80 islands.

Context: can you name a few?

Context: who wrote the first one?

Context: Jerome K. Jerome.

Context: in what literary form was it written?

Context: had it ever been performed in theatre?

Context: Yes, there was a stage adaptation.

Question: what was the novel about?

Answer: The trip is a typical boating holiday of the time in a Thames camping skiff. This was just after commercial boat traffic on the Upper Thames had died out, replaced by the 1880s craze for boating as a leisure activity.

Three Men in a Boat [SEP] Introduction

The three men are based on Jerome himself (the narrator Jerome K. Jerome) and two real-life friends, George Wingrave (who would become a senior manager at Barclays Bank) and Carl Hentschel (the founder of a London printing business, called Harris in the book), with whom Jerome often took boating trips. The dog, Montmorency, is entirely fictional but, "as Jerome admits, developed out of that area of inner consciousness which, in all Englishmen, contains an element of the dog". The trip is a typical boating holiday of the time in a Thames camping skiff. This was just after commercial boat traffic on the Upper Thames had died out, replaced by the 1880s craze for boating as a leisure activity.


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: why is there a need of life boats?

Context: what kind of activity is punting?

Context: It is boating in a punt.

Context: can we see any islands there?

Context: Yes, there are over 80 islands.

Context: can you name a few?

Context: who wrote the first one?

Context: Jerome K. Jerome.

Context: in what literary form was it written?

Context: had it ever been performed in theatre?

Context: Yes, there was a stage adaptation.

Context: what was the novel about?

Context: The trip is a typical boating holiday of the time in a Thames camping skiff. This was just after commercial boat traffic on the Upper Thames had died out, replaced by the 1880s craze for boating as a leisure activity.

Question: what significance does the tower mentioned above carry with regards to menagerie?

Answer: There is evidence that King John first started keeping wild animals at the Tower.

Tower of London [SEP] Royal Menagerie

There is evidence that King John (1166–1216) first started keeping wild animals at the Tower. Records of 1210–1212 show payments to lion keepers. The Royal Menagerie is frequently referenced during the reign of Henry III. Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II presented Henry with three leopards, circa 1235, which were kept in the Tower. In 1252, the sheriffs were ordered to pay fourpence a day towards the upkeep of the King's polar bear, a gift from Haakon IV of Norway in the same year; the bear attracted a great deal of attention from Londoners when it went fishing in the Thames while tied to the land by a chain.


Context: A royal residence.

Context: where is it located?

Context: when was it built?

Context: End of 1066.

Context: what is its structure?

Context: what do ghosts have to do there?

Context: why is there a need of life boats?

Context: what kind of activity is punting?

Context: It is boating in a punt.

Context: can we see any islands there?

Context: Yes, there are over 80 islands.

Context: can you name a few?

Context: who wrote the first one?

Context: Jerome K. Jerome.

Context: in what literary form was it written?

Context: had it ever been performed in theatre?

Context: Yes, there was a stage adaptation.

Context: what was the novel about?

Context: what significance does the tower mentioned above carry with regards to menagerie?

Context: There is evidence that King John first started keeping wild animals at the Tower.

Question: had it been a place for tourists aswell?

Answer: Yes, it is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the country.

Tower of London [SEP] Restoration and tourism

The Tower of London has become established as one of the most popular tourist attractions in the country. It has been a tourist attraction since at least the Elizabethan period, when it was one of the sights of London that foreign visitors wrote about. Its most popular attractions were the Royal Menagerie and displays of armour. The Crown Jewels also garner much interest, and have been on public display since 1669. The Tower steadily gained popularity with tourists through the 19th century, despite the opposition of the Duke of Wellington to visitors. Numbers became so high that by 1851 a purpose-built ticket office was erected.


Question: what was significant about the unifications of italy and germany

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Unification of Germany [SEP] Introduction

The Unification of Germany into the German Empire, a Prussia-dominated state with federal features, was officially proclaimed on 18 January 1871 in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France. The new state replaced the German Confederation, a loose association of sovereign states, and the highly decentralized Holy Roman Empire. Princes of the German states, excluding Austria-Hungary and its House of Habsburg-Lorraine (the dynasty that formerly ruled over the German princes during the German Confederation and Holy Roman Empire), gathered at the ceremony to proclaim William I of Prussia and the House of Hohenzollern as German Emperor, following the French capitulation in the Franco-Prussian War.


Context: what was significant about the unifications of italy and germany

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what was important in this process for the latter country?

Answer: The new state replaced the German Confederation

Explanation: The new state replaced the German Confederation, a loose association of sovereign states, and the highly decentralized Holy Roman Empire.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was important in this process for the latter country?

Context: The new state replaced the German Confederation

Question: when was this mentioned organization established?

Answer: 1815

German Confederation [SEP] Introduction

The German Confederation () was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe, created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806. The German Confederation did not include certain German-speaking lands in the eastern portion of the Kingdom of Prussia (East Prussia, West Prussia and Posen), the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland, and the French region of Alsace, which was predominantly German-speaking. The Confederation was weakened by rivalry between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire and the inability of its multiple members to compromise.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this mentioned organization established?

Question: where was it established?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

German Confederation [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how did the french revolution affect it?

Answer: Freedom  was asserted

German Confederation [SEP] Impact of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic invasions

The late 18th century was a period of political, economic, intellectual, and cultural reforms, the Enlightenment (represented by figures such as Locke, , , and Adam Smith), but also involving early Romanticism, and climaxing with the French Revolution, where freedom of the individual and nation was asserted against privilege and custom. Representing a great variety of types and theories, they were largely a response to the disintegration of previous cultural patterns, coupled with new patterns of production, specifically the rise of industrial capitalism. However, the defeat of Napoleon enabled conservative and reactionary regimes such as those of the Kingdom of Prussia, the Austrian Empire, and Tsarist Russia to survive, laying the groundwork for the Congress of Vienna and the alliance that strove to oppose radical demands for change ushered in by the French Revolution.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how did the french revolution affect it?

Context: Freedom  was asserted

Question: when did the this revolution begin?

Answer: May 1789

French Revolution [SEP] Introduction

The French Revolution ( ) began in May 1789 when the Ancien Régime was abolished in favour of a constitutional monarchy. Its replacement in September 1792 by the First French Republic led to the Execution of Louis XVI in January 1793, and an extended period of political turmoil. This culminated in the appointment of Napoleon as First Consul in November 1799, which is generally taken as its end point. Many of its principles are now considered fundamental aspects of modern Liberal democracy. The intellectual origins of the Revolution came from a global network of European and American 'patriots', who shared ideas and political principles, contacts accelerated by the American Revolution.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Freedom  was asserted

Context: when did the this revolution begin?

Context: May 1789

Question: what caused it to begin?

Answer: Abolition of Ancien Régime

Explanation: when the Ancien Régime was abolished in favour of a constitutional monarch

French Revolution [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Freedom  was asserted

Context: when did the this revolution begin?

Context: May 1789

Context: what caused it to begin?

Context: Abolition of Ancien Régime

Question: how was the print media involved in this?

Answer: Published it first after the inauguration of the First French Republic

Ancien Régime [SEP] Origin of the term

The term "Ancien Régime" first appeared in print in English in 1794 (two years after the inauguration of the First French Republic), and was originally pejorative in nature; Simon Schama has observed: "virtually as soon as the term was coined, 'old regime' was automatically freighted with associations of both traditionalism and senescence. It conjured up a society so encrusted with anachronisms that only a shock of great violence could free the living organism within. Institutionally torpid, economically immobile, culturally atrophied and socially stratified, this 'old regime' was incapable of self-modernization."


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was it established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Freedom  was asserted

Context: when did the this revolution begin?

Context: May 1789

Context: what caused it to begin?

Context: Abolition of Ancien Régime

Context: how was the print media involved in this?

Context: Published it first after the inauguration of the First French Republic

Question: who faced an economic crisis during this period?

Answer: Europe

Explanation: Louis XIV had emerged from the Franco-Dutch War in 1678 as the most powerful monarch in Europe, an absolute ruler who had won numerous military victories. Using a combination of aggression, annexation, and quasilegal means, Louis XIV set about extending his gains to stabilize and strengthen France's frontiers, culminating in the brief War of the Reunions (1683–84). The resulting Truce of Ratisbon guaranteed France's new borders for 20 years, but Louis XIV's subsequent actions – notably his revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 – led to the deterioration of his military and political dominance. Louis XIV's decision to cross the Rhine in September 1688 was designed to extend his influence and pressure the Holy Roman Empire into accepting his territorial and dynastic claims, but when Leopold I and the German princes resolved to resist, and when the States General and William III brought the Dutch and the English into the war against France, the French King at last faced a powerful coa

Ancien Régime [SEP] Nine Years War: 1688–1697

The Nine Years' War (1688–97) was a major conflict between France and a European-wide coalition of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, Spain, England, and Savoy. It was fought on the European continent and the surrounding seas, and in Ireland, North America, and India. It was the first truly global war. Louis XIV had emerged from the Franco-Dutch War in 1678 as the most powerful monarch in Europe, an absolute ruler who had won numerous military victories. Using a combination of aggression, annexation, and quasilegal means, Louis XIV set about extending his gains to stabilize and strengthen France's frontiers, culminating in the brief War of the Reunions (1683–84).