Context: who is albert speer?

Context: when was he born?

Context: March 19, 1905

Context: where was he born?

Context: Mannheim

Context: Nazi Party

Context: when did this party originate?

Context: It was active from 1920

Context: where did it originate?

Context: Germany

Question: was the party active in any other place?

Answer: Yes, in Munich

Nazi Party [SEP] Origins and early years: 1918–1923

The party grew out of smaller political groups with a nationalist orientation that formed in the last years of World War I. In 1918, a league called the "Freier Arbeiterausschuss für einen guten Frieden" (Free Workers' Committee for a good Peace) was created in Bremen, Germany. On 7 March 1918, Anton Drexler, an avid German nationalist, formed a branch of this league in Munich. Drexler was a local locksmith who had been a member of the militarist Fatherland Party during World War I and was bitterly opposed to the armistice of November 1918 and the revolutionary upheavals that followed. Drexler followed the views of militant nationalists of the day, such as opposing the Treaty of Versailles, having antisemitic, anti-monarchist and anti-Marxist views, as well as believing in the superiority of Germans whom they claimed to be part of the Aryan "master race" ("Herrenvolk").


Context: who is albert speer?

Context: The Minister of Armaments and War Production

Context: when was he born?

Context: March 19, 1905

Context: where was he born?

Context: Mannheim

Context: which political group did he join during 1931?

Context: Nazi Party

Context: when did this party originate?

Context: It was active from 1920

Context: where did it originate?

Context: Germany

Context: was the party active in any other place?

Context: Yes, in Munich

Question: what is a prominent religion followed in this mentioned place?

Answer: Catholic

Munich [SEP] Religion

About 45% of Munich's residents are not affiliated with any religious group; this ratio represents the fastest growing segment of the population. As in the rest of Germany, the Catholic and Protestant churches have experienced a continuous decline in membership. As of 31 December 2017, 31.8% of the city's inhabitants were Catholic, 11.4% Protestant, 0.3% Jewish, and 3.6% were members of an Orthodox Church (Eastern Orthodox or Oriental Orthodox). About 1% adhere to other Christian denominations. There is also a small Old Catholic parish and an English-speaking parish of the Episcopal Church in the city. According to Munich Statistical Office, in 2013 about 8.6% of Munich's population was Muslim.


Context: who is albert speer?

Context: when was he born?

Context: March 19, 1905

Context: where was he born?

Context: Mannheim

Context: Nazi Party

Context: when did this party originate?

Context: It was active from 1920

Context: where did it originate?

Context: Germany

Context: Yes, in Munich

Context: what is a prominent religion followed in this mentioned place?

Context: Catholic

Question: which war was it a part of?

Answer: World War I

Munich [SEP] World War I to World War II

Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, life in Munich became very difficult, as the Allied blockade of Germany led to food and fuel shortages. During French air raids in 1916, three bombs fell on Munich. After World War I, the city was at the centre of substantial political unrest. In November 1918, on the eve of the German revolution, Ludwig III and his family fled the city. After the murder of the first republican premier of Bavaria Kurt Eisner in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. When Communists took power, Lenin, who had lived in Munich some years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, but the Soviet Republic was ended on 3 May 1919 by the Freikorps.


Context: who is albert speer?

Context: when was he born?

Context: March 19, 1905

Context: where was he born?

Context: Mannheim

Context: Nazi Party

Context: when did this party originate?

Context: It was active from 1920

Context: where did it originate?

Context: Germany

Context: Yes, in Munich

Context: Catholic

Context: which war was it a part of?

Context: World War I

Question: what are the festivals celebrated here?

Answer: Annual "High End Munich" trade show

Explanation: Annual "High End Munich" trade show

Munich [SEP] Festivals

Annual "High End Munich" trade show.


Question: when does vocabulary develop slowly and when does it develop quickly

Answer: It develops slowly around the age of one year and develop quickly around 18 months

Vocabulary development [SEP] Introduction

Vocabulary development is a process by which people acquire words. Babbling shifts towards meaningful speech as infants grow and produce their first words around the age of one year. In early word learning, infants build their vocabulary slowly. By the age of 18 months, infants can typically produce about 50 words and begin to make word combinations. In order to build their vocabularies, infants must learn about the meanings that words carry. The mapping problem asks how infants correctly learn to attach words to referents. Constraints theories, domain-general views, social-pragmatic accounts, and an emergentist coalition model have been proposed to account for the mapping problem.


Context: when does vocabulary develop slowly and when does it develop quickly

Context: It develops slowly around the age of one year and develop quickly around 18 months

Question: how can languages be expressed, other than through speech?

Answer: Through sign language

Vocabulary development [SEP] Development in sign languages

The learning mechanisms involved in language acquisition are not specific to oral languages. The developmental stages in learning a sign language and an oral language are generally the same. Deaf babies who are exposed to sign language from birth will start babbling with their hands from 10 to 14 months. Just as in oral languages, manual babbling consists of a syllabic structure and is often reduplicated. The first symbolic sign is produced around the age of 1 year. Young children will simplify complex adult signs, especially those with difficult handshapes. This is likely due to fine motor control not having fully developed yet.


Context: how can languages be expressed, other than through speech?

Context: Through sign language

Question: what is the earliest recorded evidence of the use of this language?

Answer: From  fifth century BC, in Plato's "Cratylus", where Socrates says: "If we hadn't a voice or a tongue, and wanted to express things to one another, wouldn't we try to make signs by moving our hands, head, and the rest of our body, just as dumb people do at present

Explanation: Groups of deaf people have used sign languages throughout history. One of the earliest written records of a sign language is from the fifth century BC, in Plato's "Cratylus", where Socrates says: "If we hadn't a voice or a tongue, and wanted to express things to one another, wouldn't we try to make signs by moving our hands, head, and the rest of our body, just as dumb people do at present?"

Sign language [SEP] History

Pedro Ponce de León (1520–1584) is said to have developed the first manual alphabet. In 1620, Juan Pablo Bonet published (‘Reduction of letters and art for teaching mute people to speak') in Madrid. It is considered the first modern treatise of sign language phonetics, setting out a method of oral education for deaf people and a manual alphabet. In Britain, manual alphabets were also in use for a number of purposes, such as secret communication, public speaking, or communication by deaf people. In 1648, John Bulwer described "Master Babington", a deaf man proficient in the use of a manual alphabet, "contryved on the joynts of his fingers", whose wife could converse with him easily, even in the dark through the use of tactile signing.


Context: Through sign language

Context: what is the earliest recorded evidence of the use of this language?

Context: From  fifth century BC, in Plato's "Cratylus", where Socrates says: "If we hadn't a voice or a tongue, and wanted to express things to one another, wouldn't we try to make signs by moving our hands, head, and the rest of our body, just as dumb people do at present

Question: can you name a few of its categories or variations?

Answer: Australian Aboriginal sign languages  and Mofu-Gudur

Explanation: In non-signing communities, home sign is not a full language, but closer to a pidgin. Home sign is amorphous and generally idiosyncratic to a particular family, where a deaf child does not have contact with other deaf children and is not educated in sign. Such systems are not generally passed on from one generation to the next. Where they are passed on, creolization would be expected to occur, resulting in a full language. However, home sign may also be closer to full language in communities where the hearing population has a gestural mode of language; examples include various Australian Aboriginal sign languages and gestural systems across West Africa, such as Mofu-Gudur in Cameroon.

Sign language [SEP] Classification

Although sign languages have emerged naturally in deaf communities alongside or among spoken languages, they are unrelated to spoken languages and have different grammatical structures at their core. Sign languages may be classified by how they arise. In non-signing communities, home sign is not a full language, but closer to a pidgin. Home sign is amorphous and generally idiosyncratic to a particular family, where a deaf child does not have contact with other deaf children and is not educated in sign. Such systems are not generally passed on from one generation to the next. Where they are passed on, creolization would be expected to occur, resulting in a full language.


Context: Through sign language

Context: can you name a few of its categories or variations?

Context: Australian Aboriginal sign languages  and Mofu-Gudur

Question: what is the primary content of the treatise you mentioned before?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Sign language [SEP] Classification


Question: where does publishing clearing house get their money

Answer: It uses to promote its magazine subscriptions, the majority of the company's revenue now comes from merchandise.

Publishers Clearing House [SEP] Products

PCH is a direct-marketing company that sells merchandise, magazine subscriptions and operates several prize-based websites. While best known for the sweepstakes and Prize Patrol it uses to promote its magazine subscriptions, the majority of the company's revenue now comes from merchandise. The company has been selling books, media, jewelry and other consumer items since the 1980s. PCH operates eight websites, including PCH Search and Win, PCH Lotto, PCH Games, PCH Save and Win, and Candystand. The company also sells magazine subscriptions at a discount and advertises subscriptions along with its sweepstakes. It's estimated that companies like PCH keep 75-90 percent of the fees from the original subscription, while publishers use the increased distribution to improve circulation numbers and revenue from renewals.


Context: where does publishing clearing house get their money

Context: It uses to promote its magazine subscriptions, the majority of the company's revenue now comes from merchandise.

Question: what is this mentioned house all about?

Answer: A direct marketing company that markets merchandise and magazine subscriptions with sweepstakes and prize-based games.

Publishers Clearing House [SEP] Introduction

Publishers Clearing House (PCH) is a direct marketing company that markets merchandise and magazine subscriptions with sweepstakes and prize-based games. Publishers Clearing House was founded in 1953 by Harold Mertz to replace door-to-door magazine subscription sales by a single vendor offering multiple subscriptions by mail. It introduced its sweepstakes in 1967. In the early 1990s, the company was the subject of concerns and legal actions regarding whether consumers were misled about their odds of winning the sweepstakes and whether purchases increased their chances. By 2010, the company had reached settlements with all 50 states. The company acquired search company Blingo in 2006, online gaming company Funtank in 2010, and mobile marketing company Liquid Wireless in 2012.


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: A direct marketing company that markets merchandise and magazine subscriptions with sweepstakes and prize-based games.

Question: when was this company established?

Answer: 1953


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Question: who established it?

Answer: Harold Mertz

Explanation: Harold Mertz


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Question: what are some of the company's products?

Answer: Sells merchandise, magazine subscriptions and operates several prize-based websites. While best known for the sweepstakes and Prize Patrol it uses to promote its magazine subscriptions, the majority of the company's revenue now comes from merchandise.

Explanation: merchandise, magazine subscriptions and operates several prize-based websites. While best known for the sweepstakes and Prize Patrol it uses to promote its magazine subscriptions, the majority of the company's revenue now comes from merchandise.


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: what are some of the company's products?

Context: Sells merchandise, magazine subscriptions and operates several prize-based websites. While best known for the sweepstakes and Prize Patrol it uses to promote its magazine subscriptions, the majority of the company's revenue now comes from merchandise.

Question: is there any specific merchandise or magazine that they sold?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: is there any specific merchandise or magazine that they sold?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who is their spokesperson?

Answer: Marie Osmond

Explanation: Marie Osmond

Publishers Clearing House [SEP] Spokesperson

In the summer of 2020 Marie Osmond became a spokesperson for PCH with television advertisements, online, and direct to home mailers.


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is their spokesperson?

Context: Marie Osmond

Question: what is her profession?

Answer: Singer, actress, author, philanthropist

Marie Osmond [SEP] Introduction

Olive Marie Osmond (born October 13, 1959) is an American singer, actress, author, philanthropist, talk show host and a member of the show business family the Osmonds. Although she was never part of her family's singing group, she gained success as a solo country music artist in the 1970s and 1980s. Her best known song is a remake of the country pop ballad "Paper Roses". From 1976 to 1979, she and her singer brother Donny Osmond hosted the television variety show "Donny & Marie".


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is their spokesperson?

Context: Marie Osmond

Context: what is her profession?

Context: Singer, actress, author, philanthropist

Question: what books has she written?

Answer: "Behind the Smile: My Journey Out", "Might As Well Laugh about It Now", "The Key Is Love"

Marie Osmond [SEP] "Behind the Smile: My Journey Out"

This book was published on May 1, 2001, and discusses her struggles with postpartum depression.


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is their spokesperson?

Context: Marie Osmond

Context: what is her profession?

Context: Singer, actress, author, philanthropist

Context: what books has she written?

Context: "Behind the Smile: My Journey Out", "Might As Well Laugh about It Now", "The Key Is Love"

Question: what are the names of the films she has appeared in?

Answer: "Goin' Coconuts", "The Gift of Love"

Explanation: "The Gift of Love"

Marie Osmond [SEP] Movies and film

On October 6, 1978, Marie appeared with her brother Donny Osmond in the film "Goin' Coconuts" (originally titled "Aloha Donny & Marie"), which was not a financial success. On December 8, 1978, Marie starred in the Made-for-TV film "The Gift of Love" opposite Timothy Bottoms. The film was based on the short story "The Gift of The Magi" By O. Henry. On August 19, 1982, Marie appeared in the Made-for-TV film "Rooster" as Sister Mae Davis. The comedy film starred Paul Williams and Pat McCormick. On April 26, 1982, Marie starred in the Made-for-TV film "Side by Side: The True Story of the Osmond Family." Marie portrayed her mother, Olive Davis.


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is their spokesperson?

Context: Marie Osmond

Context: what is her profession?

Context: Singer, actress, author, philanthropist

Context: what books has she written?

Context: what are the names of the films she has appeared in?

Context: "Goin' Coconuts", "The Gift of Love"

Question: is she associated with a charitable organization?

Answer: Yes, Children's Miracle Network

Explanation: Children's Miracle Network

Marie Osmond [SEP] Children's Miracle Network

Along with actor John Schneider, Osmond co-founded the non-profit organization Children's Miracle Network on August 11, 1983. CMN is dedicated to saving and improving the lives of children by raising funds for children's hospitals in North America. As of 2019 CMN has raised more than US$6.9 billion which is distributed directly to a network of 170 hospitals. Each year Marie, along with the founding members host a telethon to bring attention to the network.


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is their spokesperson?

Context: Marie Osmond

Context: what is her profession?

Context: Singer, actress, author, philanthropist

Context: what books has she written?

Context: "Goin' Coconuts", "The Gift of Love"

Context: is she associated with a charitable organization?

Context: Yes, Children's Miracle Network

Question: what did she do in the 1970s?

Answer: In 1973, Osmond released her first single as a solo artist titled "Paper Roses".

Marie Osmond [SEP] 1970s

As her brothers by 1972 were playing rock music, Marie's music aimed toward a niche market the Osmond family had not yet targeted: country music. In 1973, Osmond released her first single as a solo artist titled "Paper Roses". The recording became a No. 1 country hit, reached the Top 5 on the "Billboard" magazine pop chart, and achieved crossover success. The song earned a gold record as did the album of the same name. She released another single, "In My Little Corner of the World", and an album with the same title in 1974, both entering the Billboard country Top 40 in 1974.


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is their spokesperson?

Context: Marie Osmond

Context: what is her profession?

Context: Singer, actress, author, philanthropist

Context: what books has she written?

Context: "Goin' Coconuts", "The Gift of Love"

Context: Yes, Children's Miracle Network

Context: what did she do in the 1970s?

Context: In 1973, Osmond released her first single as a solo artist titled "Paper Roses".

Question: was she associated with any dancing show?

Answer: "Dancing with the Stars"

Explanation: "Dancing with the Stars".

Marie Osmond [SEP] "Dancing with the Stars"

On August 29, 2007, it was announced that Osmond would appear as a celebrity contestant on the fifth season of the ABC show, paired with Jonathan Roberts, 2004 US Rising Star Latin Champion. On November 27, 2007, Osmond came in third place on the fifth season of "Dancing with the Stars". She fainted after her performance in the fifth week, stating, "I forgot to breathe." Her brother Donny won the ninth season.


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is their spokesperson?

Context: Marie Osmond

Context: what is her profession?

Context: Singer, actress, author, philanthropist

Context: what books has she written?

Context: "Goin' Coconuts", "The Gift of Love"

Context: Yes, Children's Miracle Network

Context: what did she do in the 1970s?

Context: was she associated with any dancing show?

Context: "Dancing with the Stars"

Question: what was her contribution in the above show?

Answer: Osmond came in third place on the fifth season of "Dancing with the Stars".

Explanation: On November 27, 2007, Osmond came in third place on the fifth season of "Dancing with the Stars".


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is their spokesperson?

Context: Marie Osmond

Context: what is her profession?

Context: Singer, actress, author, philanthropist

Context: what books has she written?

Context: "Goin' Coconuts", "The Gift of Love"

Context: Yes, Children's Miracle Network

Context: what did she do in the 1970s?

Context: "Dancing with the Stars"

Context: what was her contribution in the above show?

Context: Osmond came in third place on the fifth season of "Dancing with the Stars".

Question: did she participate in any broadway musicals?

Answer: "The King and I" and "The Sound of Music"

Marie Osmond [SEP] Broadway

During the mid-1990s Osmond had a successful run performing Broadway musicals. She appeared as the lead actress playing Anna Leonowens along with Kevin Gray (as the King of Siam) in the 1994–95 production of "The King and I" and in 1997, she starred in Rodgers and Hammerstein's "The Sound of Music" as Maria. The production sold out in many major cities and received glowing reviews from critics. Marie and Donny produced a holiday musical called "Donny & Marie – A Broadway Christmas", which was originally scheduled to play on Broadway at the Marquis Theatre from December 9 to 19, 2010.


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is their spokesperson?

Context: Marie Osmond

Context: what is her profession?

Context: Singer, actress, author, philanthropist

Context: what books has she written?

Context: "Goin' Coconuts", "The Gift of Love"

Context: Yes, Children's Miracle Network

Context: what did she do in the 1970s?

Context: "Dancing with the Stars"

Context: did she participate in any broadway musicals?

Context: "The King and I" and "The Sound of Music"

Question: what is the storyline of the first one?

Answer: The experiences of Anna, a British schoolteacher hired as part of the King's drive to modernize his country. The relationship between the King and Anna is marked by conflict through much of the piece, as well as by a love to which neither can admit.

The King and I [SEP] Introduction

The King and I is the fifth musical by the team of composer Richard Rodgers and dramatist Oscar Hammerstein II. It is based on Margaret Landon's novel, "Anna and the King of Siam" (1944), which is in turn derived from the memoirs of Anna Leonowens, governess to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s. The musical's plot relates the experiences of Anna, a British schoolteacher hired as part of the King's drive to modernize his country. The relationship between the King and Anna is marked by conflict through much of the piece, as well as by a love to which neither can admit.


Context: what is this mentioned house all about?

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Harold Mertz

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is their spokesperson?

Context: Marie Osmond

Context: what is her profession?

Context: Singer, actress, author, philanthropist

Context: what books has she written?

Context: "Goin' Coconuts", "The Gift of Love"

Context: Yes, Children's Miracle Network

Context: what did she do in the 1970s?

Context: "Dancing with the Stars"

Context: what is the storyline of the first one?

Context: The experiences of Anna, a British schoolteacher hired as part of the King's drive to modernize his country. The relationship between the King and Anna is marked by conflict through much of the piece, as well as by a love to which neither can admit.

Question: who composed the music for it?

Answer: Trude Rittmann

Explanation: Trude Rittmann

The King and I [SEP] Musical treatment

In his music, Rodgers sought to give some of the music an Asian flavor. This is exhibited in the piercing major seconds that frame "A Puzzlement", the flute melody in "We Kiss in a Shadow", open fifths, the exotic 6/2 chords that shape "My Lord and Master", and in some of the incidental music. The music for "The Small House of Uncle Thomas" was for the most part written not by Rodgers, but by dance music arranger Trude Rittmann, though "Hello, Young Lovers" and a snatch of "A Puzzlement" are quoted within it. Before Rodgers and Hammerstein began writing together, the AABA form for show tunes was standard, but many of the songs in "The King and I" vary from it.


Question: where is mogadishu located?

Answer: Somalia

Mogadishu [SEP] Introduction

Mogadishu (, ; ; ; ), locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and most populous city of Somalia. The city has served as an important port connecting with traders all round the Indian Ocean for millennia and currently has a population of 2,425,000 residents. Mogadishu is the nearest foreign mainland city to Seychelles, at a distance of over the Indian Ocean. Mogadishu is located in the coastal Banadir region on the Indian Ocean, which unlike other Somali regions, is considered a municipality rather than a "maamulgoboleed" (federal state). Mogadishu has a long history, which ranges from the ancient period up until the present, serving as the capital of an influential Sultanate in the 9th century, which for centuries controlled the Indian Ocean gold trade, and eventually came under the Ajuran Empire in the 13th century, which was an important player in the medieval Silk Road maritime trade.


Context:
where is mogadishu located?
Somalia

Question: how does the place get its name?

Answer: Somali word "Muuq Disho" and the Arab-Persian word "Maq'ad-i-Shāh"

Mogadishu [SEP] Etymology

There are many theories about the origin of the name Mogadishu, including the Somali word "Muuq Disho" meaning "sight-killer", and the Arab-Persian word "Maq'ad-i-Shāh" (), which means "the seat of the Shah". It is known locally as Xamar (English: "Hamar(tamarind)"). Another theory is that it is derived from the Arabic root 'mqds', which means "hallowed (place)". The 16th century explorer Leo Africanus knew the city as "Magadazo" (alt. "Magadoxo").


Context: where is mogadishu located?

Context: Somalia

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: Somali word "Muuq Disho" and the Arab-Persian word "Maq'ad-i-Shāh"

Question: can you mention any one sultanate that ruled this place?

Answer: Mogadishu Sultanate

Mogadishu [SEP] Mogadishu Sultanate

Mogadishu Sultanate was a medieval Somali sultanate centered in southern Somalia. It rose as one of the pre-eminent powers in the Horn of Africa under the rule of Fakhr ad-Din before becoming part of the expanding Ajuran Empire in the 13th century. The Mogadishu Sultanate maintained a vast trading network, dominated the regional gold trade, minted its own currency, and left an extensive architectural legacy in present-day southern Somalia. A local city-state which much influence over the hinterland neighboring coastal towns.. For many years Mogadishu functioned as the pre-eminent city in the ("Bilad al Barbar" – "Land of the Berbers"), as medieval Arabic-speakers named the Somali coast.


Context: where is mogadishu located?

Context: Somalia

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: can you mention any one sultanate that ruled this place?

Context: Mogadishu Sultanate

Question: can you name any ruler from it?

Answer: Fakhr ad-Din

Explanation: It rose as one of the pre-eminent powers in the Horn of Africa under the rule of Fakhr ad-Din before becoming part of the expanding Ajuran Empire in the 13th century.

Mogadishu [SEP] Mogadishu Sultanate


Context: where is mogadishu located?

Context: Somalia

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: Mogadishu Sultanate

Context: can you name any ruler from it?

Context: Fakhr ad-Din

Question: was this place ever colonized by any foreign power?

Answer: Yes, Italian colonialism

Mogadishu [SEP] Introduction

Mogadishu enjoyed the height of its prosperity during the 14th and 15th centuries and was during the early modern period considered the richest city on the East African coast, as well as the center of a thriving textile industry. In the 17th century, Mogadishu and parts of southern Somalia fell under the Hiraab Imamate and then came under the direct rule of the Somali Sultanate of the Geledi. The onset of Italian colonialism occurred in incremental stages, with Italian treaties in the 1880s followed by economic engagement between various Somali clans, including the Reer Mataan and the Shaansi (Cadcad) clans like "reer Xamar" and the Italian Benadir Company and then direct governance by the Italian government after 1906 and the British Military Administration of Somalia after World War Two and the UN Italian Trust Territory in the 1950s.


Context: where is mogadishu located?

Context: Somalia

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: Mogadishu Sultanate

Context: can you name any ruler from it?

Context: Fakhr ad-Din

Context: was this place ever colonized by any foreign power?

Context: Yes, Italian colonialism

Question: why was the civil war fought?

Answer: Barre's regime had become ever more totalitarian, and resistance movements, encouraged by Ethiopia's communist Derg administration, sprang up across the country.

Mogadishu [SEP] Civil war

By the late 1980s, Barre's regime had become increasingly unpopular. The authorities became ever more totalitarian, and resistance movements, encouraged by Ethiopia's communist Derg administration, sprang up across the country. This eventually led in 1991 to the outbreak of the civil war, the toppling of Barre's government, and the disbandment of the Somali National Army. Many of the opposition groups subsequently began competing for influence in the power vacuum that followed the ouster of Barre's regime. Armed factions led by United Somali Congress commanders General Mohamed Farah Aidid and Ali Mahdi Mohamed, in particular, clashed as each sought to exert authority over the capital.


Context: where is mogadishu located?

Context: Somalia

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: Mogadishu Sultanate

Context: can you name any ruler from it?

Context: Fakhr ad-Din

Context: Yes, Italian colonialism

Context: why was the civil war fought?

Context: Barre's regime had become ever more totalitarian, and resistance movements, encouraged by Ethiopia's communist Derg administration, sprang up across the country.

Question: can you tell a little more about this administration that you referred to?

Answer: It was officially the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia, refers to the military junta.

Derg [SEP] Introduction

The Derg (also spelled Dergue; from Ge'ez: ደርግ, "committee" or "council"; ), officially the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia, refers to the military junta that ruled Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987. The Derg was established in June 1974 as the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police and Territorial Army, by low-ranking officers of the Ethiopian Army and police led by Chairman Aman Andom. The Derg was formally renamed the Provisional Military Administrative Council and in September 1974 overthrew the government of the Ethiopian Empire and Emperor Haile Selassie during mass protests. The Derg abolished the monarchy and embraced communism as an ideology, establishing Ethiopia as a Marxist-Leninist one-party state with itself as the vanguard party in a provisional government.


Context: where is mogadishu located?

Context: Somalia

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: Mogadishu Sultanate

Context: can you name any ruler from it?

Context: Fakhr ad-Din

Context: Yes, Italian colonialism

Context: why was the civil war fought?

Context: can you tell a little more about this administration that you referred to?

Context: It was officially the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia, refers to the military junta.

Question: when was it formed?

Answer: June 1974

Explanation: The Derg was established in June 1974

Derg [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is mogadishu located?

Context: Somalia

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: Mogadishu Sultanate

Context: can you name any ruler from it?

Context: Fakhr ad-Din

Context: Yes, Italian colonialism

Context: why was the civil war fought?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: June 1974

Question: who was the founder?

Answer: Low-ranking officers of the Ethiopian Army and police led by Chairman Aman Andom.

Explanation: The Derg was established in June 1974 as the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police and Territorial Army, by low-ranking officers of the Ethiopian Army and police led by Chairman Aman Andom.

Derg [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is mogadishu located?

Context: Somalia

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: Mogadishu Sultanate

Context: can you name any ruler from it?

Context: Fakhr ad-Din

Context: Yes, Italian colonialism

Context: why was the civil war fought?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: June 1974

Context: who was the founder?

Context: Low-ranking officers of the Ethiopian Army and police led by Chairman Aman Andom.

Question: was this chairman too a part of the military?

Answer: Yes

Derg [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is mogadishu located?

Context: Somalia

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: Mogadishu Sultanate

Context: can you name any ruler from it?

Context: Fakhr ad-Din

Context: Yes, Italian colonialism

Context: why was the civil war fought?

Context: when was it formed?

Context: June 1974

Context: who was the founder?

Context: was this chairman too a part of the military?

Context: Yes

Question: did he later become the head of state?

Answer: His official title was Chairman of Derg, and he held the position of Head of State in an acting capacity

Explanation: Aman's official title was Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council (better known as Derg), and he held the position of Head of State in an acting capacity as the military regime had officially proclaimed Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen as "King-designate" (an act that would later be rescinded by the Derg, and which was never accepted by the Prince as legitimate).

Aman Andom [SEP] Head of State

At the same time, this group of soldiers assumed the name "Provisional Military Administrative Council" ("Derg"). From the first day of his presidency, the Ottaways note, "the general found himself at odds with a majority of the Derg's members over most major issues, including whether he was chairman of the ruling military body or simply its spokesman. Aman fought the majority of the Derg over three central issues: the size of Derg, which he felt was too large and unwieldy; the policy to be taken towards the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF); and over the punishment of the numerous aristocrats and former government officials in Derg's custody.


Question: what are the main points of the 14th amendment

Answer: The amendment's first section includes several clauses: the Citizenship Clause, Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection Clause.

Explanation: The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Arguably one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy, which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. The amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark Supreme Court decisions such as "Brown v. Board of Education" (1954) regarding racial segregation, "Roe v. Wade" (1973) regarding abortion, "Bush v. Gore" (2000) regarding the 2000 presidential election, and "Obergefell v. Hodges" (2015) regarding same-sex marriage. The amendment limits the actions of all state and local officials,

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution [SEP] Introduction


Context: what are the main points of the 14th amendment

Context: The amendment's first section includes several clauses: the Citizenship Clause, Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection Clause.

Question: when was it accepted?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: when was it accepted?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: was there a clause about citizenship?

Answer: The Citizenship Clause is the first sentence of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which was adopted on July 9, 1868

Citizenship Clause [SEP] Introduction

The Citizenship Clause is the first sentence of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which was adopted on July 9, 1868, which states: This clause reversed a portion of the "Dred Scott v. Sandford" decision, which had declared that African Americans were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. The concepts of state and national citizenship were already mentioned in the original U.S. Constitution adopted in 1789, but the details were unclear. Prior to the Civil War, only some persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, were citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside, according to the various applicable state and federal laws and court decisions.


Context: when was it accepted?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was there a clause about citizenship?

Context: The Citizenship Clause is the first sentence of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which was adopted on July 9, 1868

Question: who is the author of this clause?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Citizenship Clause [SEP] Introduction


Context: when was it accepted?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was there a clause about citizenship?

Context: who is the author of this clause?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how did it affect the natives?

Answer: Native American tribes represented independent political powers with no allegiance to the United States, and that their peoples were under a special jurisdiction of the United States. It held that a Native person born a citizen of a recognized tribal nation was not born an American citizen and did not become one simply by voluntarily leaving his tribe and settling among whites.

Explanation: The “jurisdiction” requirement was considered in two Supreme Court cases. In "Elk v. Wilkins", , the Court held that Native American tribes represented independent political powers with no allegiance to the United States, and that their peoples were under a special jurisdiction of the United States. It held that a Native person born a citizen of a recognized tribal nation was not born an American citizen and did not become one simply by voluntarily leaving his tribe and settling among whites.

Citizenship Clause [SEP] Birthright citizenship

Wong Kim Ark", the Supreme Court held that, under the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, a man born within the United States to foreigners (in that case, Chinese citizens) who have a permanent domicile and residence in the United States and are carrying on business in the United States and who were not employed in a diplomatic or other official capacity by a foreign power, was a citizen of the United States. More broadly, the court characterized the statement, "All persons born in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States" as "the broad and clear words of the Constitution", ruling that Wong's U.S.


Context: when was it accepted?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was there a clause about citizenship?

Context: who is the author of this clause?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how did it affect the natives?

Context: Native American tribes represented independent political powers with no allegiance to the United States, and that their peoples were under a special jurisdiction of the United States. It held that a Native person born a citizen of a recognized tribal nation was not born an American citizen and did not become one simply by voluntarily leaving his tribe and settling among whites.

Question: did the amendment have an influence on any court cases?

Answer: Yes. The Fifteenth Amendment which was repealed by the Supreme Court in later decisions.

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution [SEP] Influence on voting rights

Some have argued that Section 2 was implicitly repealed by the Fifteenth Amendment, but the Supreme Court acknowledged Section2 in later decisions. In "Minor v. Happersett" (1875), the Supreme Court cited Section2 as supporting its conclusion that the right to vote was not among the "privileges and immunities of citizenship" protected by Section 1. Women would not achieve equal voting rights throughout the United States until the adoption of Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. In "Richardson v. Ramirez" (1974), the Court cited Section2 as justifying the states disenfranchising felons.


Question: where does the us launch space shuttles from

Answer: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Explanation: Five complete Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles were built and flown on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Space Shuttle [SEP] Introduction

The first orbiter, "Enterprise", was built in 1976 and used in Approach and Landing Tests however it had no orbital capability. Four fully operational orbiters were initially built: "Columbia", "Challenger", "Discovery", and "Atlantis". Of these, two were lost in mission accidents: "Challenger" in 1986 and "Columbia" in 2003, with a total of fourteen astronauts killed. A fifth operational (and sixth in total) orbiter, "Endeavour", was built in 1991 to replace "Challenger". The Space Shuttle was retired from service upon the conclusion of "Atlantis"s final flight on July 21, 2011. The U.S. relied on the Russian Soyuz spacecraft to transport astronauts to the ISS from the last Shuttle flight until the first Commercial Crew Development launch on May 30, 2020.


Context: where does the us launch space shuttles from

Context: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Question: what are these shuttles actually?

Answer: It was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program.

Space Shuttle [SEP] Introduction

The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft where it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982. Five complete Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles were built and flown on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.


Context: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Context: what are these shuttles actually?

Context: It was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program.

Question: when does its crew comprised of?

Answer: The Space Shuttle crew varied by mission. The test flights only had two members each, the commander and pilot. The on-orbit operations were conducted primarily by the mission specialists.

Space Shuttle [SEP] Crew

The Space Shuttle crew varied by mission. The test flights only had two members each, the commander and pilot, who were both qualified pilots that could fly and land the orbiter. The on-orbit operations, such as experiments, payload deployment, and EVAs, were conducted primarily by the mission specialists who were specifically trained for their intended missions and systems. Early in the Space Shuttle program, NASA flew with payload specialists, who were typically systems specialists who worked for the company paying for the payload's deployment or operations. The final payload specialist, Gregory B. Jarvis, flew on STS-51L, and future non-pilots were designated as mission specialists.


Context: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Context: what are these shuttles actually?

Context: when does its crew comprised of?

Context: The Space Shuttle crew varied by mission. The test flights only had two members each, the commander and pilot. The on-orbit operations were conducted primarily by the mission specialists.

Question: did it ever face any disaster?

Answer: On January 28, 1986, STS-51-L disintegrated 73 seconds after launch, due to the failure of the right SRB, killing all seven astronauts on board "Challenger".

Space Shuttle [SEP] Disasters

On January 28, 1986, STS-51-L disintegrated 73 seconds after launch, due to the failure of the right SRB, killing all seven astronauts on board "Challenger". The disaster was caused by low-temperature impairment of an O-ring, a mission-critical seal used between segments of the SRB casing. Failure of the O-ring allowed hot combustion gases to escape from between the booster sections and burn through the adjacent ET, leading to a sequence of events which caused the orbiter to disintegrate. Repeated warnings from design engineers voicing concerns about the lack of evidence of the O-rings' safety when the temperature was below 53 °F (12 °C) had been ignored by NASA managers.


Context: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Context: what are these shuttles actually?

Context: when does its crew comprised of?

Context: did it ever face any disaster?

Context: On January 28, 1986, STS-51-L disintegrated 73 seconds after launch, due to the failure of the right SRB, killing all seven astronauts on board "Challenger".

Question: the shuttle program you mentioned above; what is it about?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Space Shuttle [SEP] Disasters


Context: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Context: what are these shuttles actually?

Context: when does its crew comprised of?

Context: did it ever face any disaster?

Context: the shuttle program you mentioned above; what is it about?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what was its total cost?

Answer: The overall NASA budget of the Space Shuttle program has been estimated to be $221 billion (in 2012 dollars).

Explanation: The overall NASA budget of the Space Shuttle program has been estimated to be $221 billion (in 2012 dollars).

Space Shuttle [SEP] Budget

In 2009, NASA determined that the cost of adding a single launch per year was $252 million (in 2012), which indicated that much of the Space Shuttle program costs are for year-round personnel and operations that continued regardless of the launch rate. Accounting for the entire Space Shuttle program budget, the per-launch cost was $1.642 billion (in 2012).


Context: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Context: what are these shuttles actually?

Context: when does its crew comprised of?

Context: did it ever face any disaster?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was its total cost?

Context: The overall NASA budget of the Space Shuttle program has been estimated to be $221 billion (in 2012 dollars).

Question: where is the above mentioned space center located?

Answer: Merritt Island, Cape Canaveral, Florida.

Kennedy Space Center [SEP] Introduction

The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Cape Canaveral, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's ten field centers. Since December 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and operate facilities on each other's property.


Context: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Context: what are these shuttles actually?

Context: when does its crew comprised of?

Context: did it ever face any disaster?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was its total cost?

Context: where is the above mentioned space center located?

Context: Merritt Island, Cape Canaveral, Florida.

Question: who is its director?

Answer: Three of its former directors include Crippen, Bridges and Cabana.

Kennedy Space Center [SEP] KSC directors

Since KSC's formation, ten NASA officials have served as directors, including three former astronauts (Crippen, Bridges and Cabana):


Context: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Context: what are these shuttles actually?

Context: when does its crew comprised of?

Context: did it ever face any disaster?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was its total cost?

Context: who is its director?

Context: Three of its former directors include Crippen, Bridges and Cabana.

Question: which are its current programs?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Context: what are these shuttles actually?

Context: when does its crew comprised of?

Context: did it ever face any disaster?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was its total cost?

Context: who is its director?

Context: which are its current programs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who established this center?

Answer: It was formed because of President John F. Kennedy's 1961 goal of a crewed lunar landing by 1970 .

Explanation: President John F. Kennedy's 1961 goal of a crewed lunar landing by 1970 required an expansion of launch operations.

Kennedy Space Center [SEP] Formation

Therefore, the decision was made to build a new LOC site located adjacent to Cape Canaveral on Merritt Island. NASA began land acquisition in 1962, buying title to and negotiating with the state of Florida for an additional . The major buildings in KSC's Industrial Area were designed by architect Charles Luckman. Construction began in November 1962, and Kennedy visited the site twice in 1962, and again just a week before his assassination on November 22, 1963.


Context: Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.

Context: what are these shuttles actually?

Context: when does its crew comprised of?

Context: did it ever face any disaster?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was its total cost?

Context: who is its director?

Context: which are its current programs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who established this center?

Context: It was formed because of President John F. Kennedy's 1961 goal of a crewed lunar landing by 1970 .

Question: how is this president related to journalism?

Answer: He worked as a special correspondent for Hearst Newspapers.

John F. Kennedy [SEP] Journalism

In April 1945, Kennedy's father, who was a friend of William Randolph Hearst, arranged a position for his son as a special correspondent for Hearst Newspapers; the assignment kept Kennedy's name in the public eye and "expose[d] him to journalism as a possible career". He worked as a correspondent that May, covering the Potsdam Conference and other events.


Question: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Answer: Coyote

Coyote [SEP] Introduction

The coyote ("Canis latrans") is a species of canine native to North America. It is smaller than its close relative, the wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf. It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia, though it is larger and more predatory, and it is sometimes called the "American jackal" by zoologists. Other names for the species, largely historical, include the "prairie wolf" and the "brush wolf". The coyote is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, due to its wide distribution and abundance throughout North America, southwards through Mexico and into Central America.


Context:
what is a small wolf like prairie dog
Coyote

Question: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Answer: Yes - The oldest fossils that fall within the range of the modern coyote date to 0.74–0.85 million years in Hamilton Cave, West Virginia

Explanation: The oldest fossils that fall within the range of the modern coyote date to 0.74–0.85 Ma (million years) in Hamilton Cave, West Virginia; 0.73 Ma in Irvington, California; 0.35–0.48 Ma in Porcupine Cave, Colorado, and in Cumberland Cave, Pennsylvania. Modern coyotes arose 1,000 years after the Quaternary extinction event.

Coyote [SEP] Fossil record

Modern coyotes arose 1,000 years after the Quaternary extinction event. Compared to their modern Holocene counterparts, Pleistocene coyotes ("C.l. orcutti") were larger and more robust, likely in response to larger competitors and prey. Pleistocene coyotes were likely more specialized carnivores than their descendants, as their teeth were more adapted to shearing meat, showing fewer grinding surfaces suited for processing vegetation. Their reduction in size occurred within 1,000 years of the Quaternary extinction event, when their large prey died out. Furthermore, Pleistocene coyotes were unable to exploit the big-game hunting niche left vacant after the extinction of the dire wolf ("C.dirus"), as it was rapidly filled by gray wolves, which likely actively killed off the large coyotes, with natural selection favoring the modern gracile morph.


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: Yes - The oldest fossils that fall within the range of the modern coyote date to 0.74–0.85 million years in Hamilton Cave, West Virginia

Question: what do they feed on?

Answer: Bison, white-tailed deer, moose, blackberries, blueberries to name a few.

Explanation: Likewise, the coyote is highly versatile in its choice of food, but is primarily carnivorous, with 90% of its diet consisting of meat. Prey species include bison (largely as carrion), white-tailed deer, mule deer, moose, elk, bighorn sheep, pronghorn, rabbits, hares, rodents, birds (especially galliforms, young water birds and pigeons and doves), amphibians (except toads), lizards, snakes, turtles and tortoises, fish, crustaceans, and insects. Coyotes may be picky over the prey they target, as animals such as shrews, moles, and brown rats do not occur in their diet in proportion to their numbers. However, terrestrial and/or burrowing small mammals such as ground squirrels and associated species (marmots, prairie dogs, chipmunks) as well as voles, pocket gophers, kangaroo rats and other ground-favoring rodents may be quite common foods, especially for lone coyotes. More unusual prey include fishers, young black bear cubs, harp seals and rattlesnakes. Coyotes kill rattlesnakes mostly for

Coyote [SEP] Diet

The coyote is ecologically the North American equivalent of the Eurasian golden jackal. Likewise, the coyote is highly versatile in its choice of food, but is primarily carnivorous, with 90% of its diet consisting of meat. Prey species include bison (largely as carrion), white-tailed deer, mule deer, moose, elk, bighorn sheep, pronghorn, rabbits, hares, rodents, birds (especially galliforms, young water birds and pigeons and doves), amphibians (except toads), lizards, snakes, turtles and tortoises, fish, crustaceans, and insects. Coyotes may be picky over the prey they target, as animals such as shrews, moles, and brown rats do not occur in their diet in proportion to their numbers.


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Bison, white-tailed deer, moose, blackberries, blueberries to name a few.

Question: what is the first animal?

Answer: Bison are large, even-toed ungulates in the genus "Bison" within the subfamily Bovinae.

Bison [SEP] Introduction

Bison are large, even-toed ungulates in the genus "Bison" within the subfamily Bovinae. Two extant and six extinct species are recognised. Of the six extinct species, five became extinct in the Quaternary extinction event. "Bison palaeosinensis" evolved in the Early Pleistocene in South Asia, and was the evolutionary ancestor of "B. priscus" (steppe bison), which was the ancestor of all other "Bison" species. From 2 million years ago to 6,000 BC, steppe bison ranged across the mammoth steppe, inhabiting Europe and northern Asia with "B. schoetensacki" (woodland bison), and North America with "B. antiquus", "B. latifrons", and "B. occidentalis." The last species to go extinct, "B.


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: Bison are large, even-toed ungulates in the genus "Bison" within the subfamily Bovinae.

Question: where are they found?

Answer: North America, Europe

Explanation: Of the two surviving species, the American bison, "B. bison", found only in North America, is the more numerous. Although commonly known as a buffalo in the United States and Canada, it is only distantly related to the true buffalo. The North American species is composed of two subspecies, the Plains bison, "B. b. bison", and the wood bison, "B. b. athabascae", which is the namesake of Wood Buffalo National Park in Canada. A third subspecies, the eastern bison ("B. b. pennsylvanicus") is no longer considered a valid taxon, being a junior synonym of "B. b. bison". References to "woods bison" or "wood bison" from the eastern United States confusingly refer to this subspecies, not "B. b. athabascae", which was not found in the region. The European bison, "B. bonasus", or wisent, is found in Europe and the Caucasus, reintroduced after being extinct in the wild.

Bison [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Question: what do they look like?

Answer: They are typical artiodactyl (cloven hooved) ungulates, and are similar in appearance to other bovines such as cattle and true buffalo. They are broad and muscular with shaggy coats of long hair.

Bison [SEP] Description

The American bison and the European bison (wisent) are the largest surviving terrestrial animals in North America and Europe. They are typical artiodactyl (cloven hooved) ungulates, and are similar in appearance to other bovines such as cattle and true buffalo. They are broad and muscular with shaggy coats of long hair. Adults grow up to in height and in length for American bison and up to in height and in length for European bison. American bison can weigh from around and European bison can weigh from . European bison tend to be taller than American bison. Bison are nomadic grazers and travel in herds.


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: They are typical artiodactyl (cloven hooved) ungulates, and are similar in appearance to other bovines such as cattle and true buffalo. They are broad and muscular with shaggy coats of long hair.

Question: are they hunted?

Answer: Humans, notably European settlers, were almost exclusively accountable for the near-extinction of the American bison in the 1800s.

Explanation: Humans, notably European settlers, were almost exclusively accountable for the near-extinction of the American bison in the 1800s.

Bison [SEP] Human impact

After years of success, five injuries associated with bison encounters occurred in 2015, because visitors did not maintain the required distance of 75 ft (23 m) from bison while hiking or taking pictures.


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: are they hunted?

Context: Humans, notably European settlers, were almost exclusively accountable for the near-extinction of the American bison in the 1800s.

Question: what sounds do they make?

Answer: bellow/roar

Explanation: A challenging bull may bellow or roar to get a female's attention and the tending bull has to bellow/roar back. The most dominant bulls mate in the first 2–3 weeks of the season. More subordinate bulls mate with any remaining estrous cow that has not mated yet. Male bison play no part in raising the young.

American bison [SEP] Social behavior and reproduction

In addition to dominance, the older bison of a generation also have a higher fertility rate than the younger ones. Bison mate in August and September; gestation is 285 days. A single reddish-brown calf nurses until the next calf is born. If the cow is not pregnant, a calf will nurse for 18 months. Cows nurse their calves for at least 7 or 8 months, but most calves seem to be weaned before the end of their first year. At three years of age, bison cows are mature enough to produce a calf. The birthing period for bison in boreal biomes is protracted compared to that of other northern ungulates, such as moose and caribou.


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: are they hunted?

Context: what sounds do they make?

Context: bellow/roar

Question: who are the rivals of the wolf like dog?

Answer: Cougars

Coyote [SEP] Enemies and competitors

Wolves have been observed to not tolerate coyotes in their vicinity, though coyotes have been known to trail wolves to feed on their kills. Coyotes may compete with cougars in some areas. In the eastern Sierra Nevadas, coyotes compete with cougars over mule deer. Cougars normally outcompete and dominate coyotes, and may kill them occasionally, thus reducing coyote predation pressure on smaller carnivores such as foxes and bobcats. Coyotes that are killed are sometimes not eaten, perhaps indicating that these compromise competitive interspecies interactions, however there are multiple confirmed cases of cougars also eating coyotes. In northeastern Mexico, cougar predation on coyotes continues apace but coyotes were absent from the prey spectrum of sympatric jaguars, apparently due to differing habitat usages.


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: are they hunted?

Context: what sounds do they make?

Context: bellow/roar

Context: who are the rivals of the wolf like dog?

Context: Cougars

Question: do these dogs have any hybrids?

Answer: Yes - coydogs

Explanation: Coyotes have occasionally mated with domestic dogs, sometimes producing crosses colloquially known as "coydogs". Such matings are rare in the wild, as the mating cycles of dogs and coyotes do not coincide, and coyotes are usually antagonistic towards dogs. Hybridization usually only occurs when coyotes are expanding into areas where conspecifics are few, and dogs are the only alternatives. Even then, pup survival rates are lower than normal, as dogs do not form pair bonds with coyotes, thus making the rearing of pups more difficult. In captivity, F hybrids (first generation) tend to be more mischievous and less manageable as pups than dogs, and are less trustworthy on maturity than wolf-dog hybrids. Hybrids vary in appearance, but generally retain the coyote's usual characteristics. F hybrids tend to be intermediate in form between dogs and coyotes, while F hybrids (second generation) are more varied. Both F and F hybrids resemble their coyote parents in terms of shyness and intrasexua

Coyote [SEP] Hybridization


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: are they hunted?

Context: what sounds do they make?

Context: bellow/roar

Context: Cougars

Context: do these dogs have any hybrids?

Context: Yes - coydogs

Question: are they dangerous to man?

Answer: Coyote attacks on humans are uncommon and rarely cause serious injuries, due to the relatively small size of the coyote. There have been only two confirmed fatal attacks. urban coyotes are losing their fear of humans, which is further worsened by people intentionally or unintentionally feeding coyotes.

Explanation:
Coyote attacks on humans are uncommon and rarely cause serious injuries, due to the relatively small size of the coyote, but have been increasingly frequent, especially in California. There have been only two confirmed fatal attacks: one on a three-year-old named Kelly Keen in Glendale, California and another on a nineteen-year-old named Taylor Mitchell in Nova Scotia, Canada. In the 30 years leading up to March 2006, at least 160 attacks occurred in the United States, mostly in the Los Angeles County area. Data from United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Wildlife Services, the California Department of Fish and Game, and other sources show that while 41 attacks occurred during the period of 1988–1997, 48 attacks were verified from 1998 through 2003. The majority of these incidents occurred in Southern California near the suburban-wildland interface.

In the absence of the harassment of coyotes practiced by rural people, urban coyotes are losing their fear of humans, which is fu

Coyote [SEP] Attacks on humans


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: are they hunted?

Context: what sounds do they make?

Context: bellow/roar

Context: Cougars

Context: do these dogs have any hybrids?

Context: Yes - coydogs

Context: are they dangerous to man?

Context: Coyote attacks on humans are uncommon and rarely cause serious injuries, due to the relatively small size of the coyote. There have been only two confirmed fatal attacks. urban coyotes are losing their fear of humans, which is further worsened by people intentionally or unintentionally feeding coyotes.

Question: could you mention any particular incident of attack?

Answer: On August 26, 1981, three-year-old Los Angeles resident Kelly Lynn Keen was dragged off her property and fatally wounded by an urban coyote. The cause of death was a broken neck and blood loss as a direct result of the coyote attack.

Kelly Keen coyote attack [SEP] Introduction

The Kelly Keen coyote attack is the only known fatal coyote attack on a child, as well as the only known fatal coyote attack on a human ever confirmed in the United States. On August 26, 1981, three-year-old Los Angeles resident Kelly Lynn Keen was dragged off her property and fatally wounded by an urban coyote before being rescued by her father. The event is also notable for its aftermath, in which large numbers of coyotes were killed and two animal rights activists provoked an uproar by claiming that her parents, not the coyote, had killed her.


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: are they hunted?

Context: what sounds do they make?

Context: bellow/roar

Context: Cougars

Context: do these dogs have any hybrids?

Context: Yes - coydogs

Context: are they dangerous to man?

Context: could you mention any particular incident of attack?

Context: On August 26, 1981, three-year-old Los Angeles resident Kelly Lynn Keen was dragged off her property and fatally wounded by an urban coyote. The cause of death was a broken neck and blood loss as a direct result of the coyote attack.

Question: has there been similar incidents?

Answer: Yes - researchers have confirmed at least thirty-five incidents in California in which "the possibility of serious or fatal injury seems likely if the child had not been rescued" from coyotes

Explanation:
USDA and California State University researchers have confirmed at least thirty-five incidents in the state in which "the possibility of serious or fatal injury seems likely if the child had not been rescued" from coyotes, including the following sample of confirmed coyote attacks on children in California that were likely to have ended similarly if the child had not been saved in time:

Other reports of non-fatal coyote attacks on children in California:

Coyote attack on teenagers in California:

Kelly Keen coyote attack [SEP] Similar attacks


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: are they hunted?

Context: what sounds do they make?

Context: bellow/roar

Context: Cougars

Context: do these dogs have any hybrids?

Context: Yes - coydogs

Context: are they dangerous to man?

Context: has there been similar incidents?

Context: Yes - researchers have confirmed at least thirty-five incidents in California in which "the possibility of serious or fatal injury seems likely if the child had not been rescued" from coyotes

Question: how did the government react to it?

Answer: They developed the first serious urban coyote management program, including 80 days of leghold trapping and shooting

Explanation: Following Keen's death, the Glendale Commissioner's personnel developed the first serious urban coyote management program, including 80 days of leghold trapping and shooting within a 0.5-mile (0.8-km) radius of the attack site, during which county personnel trapped and shot 55 coyotes.

Kelly Keen coyote attack [SEP] Government reaction


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: are they hunted?

Context: what sounds do they make?

Context: bellow/roar

Context: Cougars

Context: do these dogs have any hybrids?

Context: Yes - coydogs

Context: are they dangerous to man?

Context: has there been similar incidents?

Context: how did the government react to it?

Context: They developed the first serious urban coyote management program, including 80 days of leghold trapping and shooting

Question: was there any criticisms by the people supporting animal rights?

Answer: Yes - animal rights activist Pamelyn Ferdin opposed a proposal to cull urban coyotes. She mentioned the Kelly Keen attack had been the victim of child abuse. She claimed that medical records indicated that the child died of a ruptured spleen, which could only have come from blunt trauma, not an animal bite.

Explanation: In 2004, former child actress and animal rights activist Pamelyn Ferdin attended a Glendale City Council meeting to oppose a proposal to cull urban coyotes. Ferdin addressed the Council wearing a shirt covered in fake blood, urging the city not to kill coyotes. She mentioned the Kelly Keen attack, and argued that rather than having been killed by a coyote, Keen had been the victim of child abuse. She claimed that medical records indicated that the child died of a ruptured spleen, which could only have come from blunt trauma, not an animal bite. Fellow animal rights activist Michael Bell went further, claiming that, after digging around in hospital records, he discovered discrepancies and missing documents. He stated that the coyote story was a cover-up for how the child really died. Kelly's parents, Robert and Cathy Keen, watched the meeting live on cable and, upon hearing Bell's statement, raced to the Glendale City hall to respond to the allegations. They recounted the event to the c

Kelly Keen coyote attack [SEP] Accusations by animal rights activists


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: are they hunted?

Context: what sounds do they make?

Context: bellow/roar

Context: Cougars

Context: do these dogs have any hybrids?

Context: Yes - coydogs

Context: are they dangerous to man?

Context: has there been similar incidents?

Context: how did the government react to it?

Context: was there any criticisms by the people supporting animal rights?

Context: Yes - animal rights activist Pamelyn Ferdin opposed a proposal to cull urban coyotes. She mentioned the Kelly Keen attack had been the victim of child abuse. She claimed that medical records indicated that the child died of a ruptured spleen, which could only have come from blunt trauma, not an animal bite.

Question: who is this activist?

Answer: A former child actress. Ferdin distanced herself from acting in the late 1980s, and shifted her career to animal rights activism, working as an activist and protester in animal protection programs

Pamelyn Ferdin [SEP] Introduction

Pamelyn Wanda Ferdin (born February 4, 1959) is an American animal rights activist and a former child actress. Ferdin's acting career was primarily during the 1960s and 1970s, though she appeared in projects sporadically in the 1980s and later years. She began her career in numerous television series, and gained renown for her work as a voice actress supplying the voice of Lucy Van Pelt in "A Boy Named Charlie Brown" (1969), as well as in two other "Peanuts" television specials. She had supporting roles in "The Beguiled" (1971) with Clint Eastwood and Geraldine Page, and a lead role in the exploitation film "The Toolbox Murders" (1978) with Cameron Mitchell.


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: are they hunted?

Context: what sounds do they make?

Context: bellow/roar

Context: Cougars

Context: do these dogs have any hybrids?

Context: Yes - coydogs

Context: are they dangerous to man?

Context: has there been similar incidents?

Context: how did the government react to it?

Context: who is this activist?

Context: A former child actress. Ferdin distanced herself from acting in the late 1980s, and shifted her career to animal rights activism, working as an activist and protester in animal protection programs

Question: where is she from?

Answer: Los Angeles, United States

Explanation: Born in Los Angeles on February 4, 1959, Ferdin began her career at age three, appearing in a hair product commercial. She has two older sisters, Valerie and Wendy. Ferdin attended Herbert Hoover High School, graduating in 1977.

Pamelyn Ferdin [SEP] Early life


Context: what is a small wolf like prairie dog

Context: Coyote

Context: have their fossils been found anywhere?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: what is the first animal?

Context: where are they found?

Context: North America, Europe

Context: what do they look like?

Context: are they hunted?

Context: what sounds do they make?

Context: bellow/roar

Context: Cougars

Context: do these dogs have any hybrids?

Context: Yes - coydogs

Context: are they dangerous to man?

Context: has there been similar incidents?

Context: how did the government react to it?

Context: who is this activist?

Context: where is she from?

Context: Los Angeles, United States

Question: did she marry?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Pamelyn Ferdin [SEP] Early life


Question: when did taylor swift write back to december

Answer: 2010

Back to December [SEP] Introduction

"Back to December" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her third studio album "Speak Now" (2010). The song was sent to country radio in the United States on November 15, 2010, as the second single from "Speak Now". According to Swift, "Back to December" is the first time she ever apologizes to someone in a song. Critics speculate that the song is about Taylor Lautner, Swift's ex-boyfriend, which was later acknowledged by Lautner. "Back to December" is considered an orchestral country pop ballad and its lyrics are a remorseful plea for forgiveness for breaking up with a former lover.


Context: when did taylor swift write back to december

Question: what is the album name of this song?

Answer: "Speak Now".

Explanation: The song was sent to country radio in the United States on November 15, 2010, as the second single from "Speak Now".

Back to December [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the album name of this song?

Context: "Speak Now".

Question: when was it released?

Answer: October 12, 2010

Explanation: . "Back to December" was first released as a promotional single from "Speak Now" on October 12, 2010,

Back to December [SEP] Background and release

"Back to December" was first released as a promotional single from "Speak Now" on October 12, 2010, as a part of the exclusive campaign by the iTunes Store leading up to the album's release. On November 15, 2010, the song was released as the second single from "Speak Now".


Context: what is the album name of this song?

Context: "Speak Now".

Context: when was it released?

Context: October 12, 2010

Question: it was released by which record label?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

According to Swift, "Back to December" is an apology to a past lover in the form of a song, something that she has never done before. She continued, "I've never felt the need to apologize in a song before. But in the last two years I've experienced a lot, [including] a lot of different kinds of learning lessons. And sometimes you learn a lesson too late and at that point you need to apologize because you were careless." Critics have speculated that the song is Swift's apology to her ex-boyfriend, "The Twilight Saga" actor Taylor Lautner, due, in part, to the lyrics "your tan skin, your sweet smile", as well as the hidden lyrics in the booklet, which spelled out "TAY." Lautner confirmed these rumors while promoting the TV series "Scream Queens" in 2016.


Context: what is the album name of this song?

Context: "Speak Now".

Context: when was it released?

Context: October 12, 2010

Context: it was released by which record label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you name some songs of this album?

Answer: "Mine", "Dear John", etc.

Speak Now [SEP] Music and lyrics

The opening track, "Mine", was released as the lead single from the album. Swift explained that the uptempo country pop song was about her tendency to run from love. Critics praised the song, although some called it "formulaic" and reminiscent of her earlier work. "Sparks Fly" was written by Swift when she was sixteen, prior to her debut in the music scene, and was first performed during one of her concerts in 2007. The song's lyrics were revised several times, and the banjo that was originally played on the track was removed. Swift explained that the song was about "falling for someone who you maybe shouldn't fall for, but you can't stop yourself because there's such a connection and chemistry." "Back to December" is the third track and was released as the second single from the album.


Context: what is the album name of this song?

Context: "Speak Now".

Context: when was it released?

Context: October 12, 2010

Context: it was released by which record label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you name some songs of this album?

Context: "Mine", "Dear John", etc.

Question: who is the writer of the first song mentioned above?

Answer: Taylor Swift

Speak Now [SEP] Introduction

Speak Now is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released on October 25, 2010, by Big Machine Records. Production for the album took place during 2009 to 2010 at several recording studios, and was handled by Swift and Nathan Chapman. Written entirely by Swift as the follow-up to "Fearless" and described as a loose concept album about confessions, "Speak Now" expands on the country pop style of her previous work, but with more rock sensibility, drawing influences from bluegrass, pop punk, pop rock and soft rock. Lyrically, it deals with themes such as love, romance, heartbreak and forgiveness.


Context: what is the album name of this song?

Context: "Speak Now".

Context: when was it released?

Context: October 12, 2010

Context: it was released by which record label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you name some songs of this album?

Context: "Mine", "Dear John", etc.

Context: who is the writer of the first song mentioned above?

Context: Taylor Swift

Question: what is the highest honour she has received for her work?

Answer: Her accolades include ten Grammy Awards, an Emmy Award, and seven Guinness World Records; she is the most-awarded act and woman at the American Music Awards (29 wins) and "Billboard" Music Awards (23 wins), respectively.

Taylor Swift [SEP] Introduction

With sales of over 200 million records worldwide, Swift is one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Her accolades include ten Grammy Awards, an Emmy Award, and seven Guinness World Records; she is the most-awarded act and woman at the American Music Awards (29 wins) and "Billboard" Music Awards (23 wins), respectively. She has been included in multiple power rankings, such as "Time"s annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world (2010, 2015 and 2019), "Rolling Stone"s 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time (2015), the "Forbes" Celebrity 100 (placing first in 2016 and 2019), and "Billboard"s Greatest of All Time Artists Chart (placing eighth).


Context: what is the album name of this song?

Context: "Speak Now".

Context: when was it released?

Context: October 12, 2010

Context: it was released by which record label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you name some songs of this album?

Context: "Mine", "Dear John", etc.

Context: Taylor Swift

Context: what is the highest honour she has received for her work?

Context: Her accolades include ten Grammy Awards, an Emmy Award, and seven Guinness World Records; she is the most-awarded act and woman at the American Music Awards (29 wins) and "Billboard" Music Awards (23 wins), respectively.

Question: where was she from?

Answer: West Reading, Pennsylvania

Taylor Swift [SEP] 1989–2003: Early life

Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13, 1989, in West Reading, Pennsylvania. Her father, Scott Kingsley Swift, is a former stockbroker for Merrill Lynch; her mother, Andrea Gardner Swift ("née" Finlay), is a former homemaker who previously worked as a mutual fund marketing executive. Swift, who said she has Scottish heritage, was named after the singer-songwriter James Taylor. Her younger brother, Austin Kingsley Swift, is an actor. Swift spent her early years on a Christmas tree farm that her father purchased from one of his clients. Swift identifies as Christian. She attended preschool and kindergarten at the Alvernia Montessori School, run by the Bernadine Franciscan sisters, before transferring to The Wyndcroft School.


Question: where did venom come from in spiderman 3

Answer: Eddie Brock becomes Venom after Peter bonded with an extraterrestrial symbiote that brings out his anger.

Spider-Man 3 [SEP] Introduction

Spider-Man 3 is a 2007 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. It was directed by Sam Raimi from a screenplay by Raimi, his older brother Ivan and Alvin Sargent. It is the final installment in Raimi's "Spider-Man" trilogy. The film stars Tobey Maguire as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, alongside Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Thomas Haden Church, Topher Grace, Bryce Dallas Howard, James Cromwell, Rosemary Harris, and J. K. Simmons. Set shortly after the events of "Spider-Man 2", as Peter Parker prepares for his future with Mary Jane Watson, he faces three more villains: Uncle Ben's true killer who becomes the Sandman after a freak accident; Harry Osborn, who seeks to avenge his father; and Eddie Brock, a rival photographer who becomes Venom after Peter bonded with an extraterrestrial symbiote that brings out his anger.


Context: where did venom come from in spiderman 3

Context: Eddie Brock becomes Venom after Peter bonded with an extraterrestrial symbiote that brings out his anger.

Question: when did this film release?

Answer: It  was commercially released in sixteen territories on May 1, 2007.

Spider-Man 3 [SEP] Release

"Spider-Man 3" had its world premiere at Toho Cinemas Roppongi Hills in Tokyo on April 16, 2007. The film held its UK premiere on April 23, 2007 at the Odeon Leicester Square, and the U.S. premiere took place at the Tribeca Film Festival in Queens on April 30, 2007. "Spider-Man 3" was commercially released in sixteen territories on May 1, 2007. The film was released in Japan on May 1, 2007, three days prior to the American commercial release, to coincide with Japan's Golden Week. "Spider-Man 3" was also released in China on May 3, 2007 to circumvent market growth of unlicensed copies of the film.


Context: when did this film release?

Context: It  was commercially released in sixteen territories on May 1, 2007.

Question: what is the story about?

Answer: It is set shortly after the events of "Spider-Man 2", as Peter Parker prepares for his future with Mary Jane Watson, he faces three more villains: Uncle Ben's true killer who becomes the Sandman after a freak accident; Harry Osborn, who seeks to avenge his father; and Eddie Brock, a rival photographer who becomes Venom after Peter bonded with an extraterrestrial symbiote that brings out his anger.

Explanation: Set shortly after the events of "Spider-Man 2", as Peter Parker prepares for his future with Mary Jane Watson, he faces three more villains: Uncle Ben's true killer who becomes the Sandman after a freak accident; Harry Osborn, who seeks to avenge his father; and Eddie Brock, a rival photographer who becomes Venom after Peter bonded with an extraterrestrial symbiote that brings out his anger

Spider-Man 3 [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did this film release?

Context: what is the story about?

Context: It is set shortly after the events of "Spider-Man 2", as Peter Parker prepares for his future with Mary Jane Watson, he faces three more villains: Uncle Ben's true killer who becomes the Sandman after a freak accident; Harry Osborn, who seeks to avenge his father; and Eddie Brock, a rival photographer who becomes Venom after Peter bonded with an extraterrestrial symbiote that brings out his anger.

Question: who created the character of the photographer?

Answer: David Michelinie and Todd McFarlane.

Eddie Brock [SEP] Introduction

Edward Charles Allan Brock is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by David Michelinie and Todd McFarlane, and his earliest appearance was a cameo in "Web of Spider-Man" #18 (September 1986), before making his first full appearance in "The Amazing Spider-Man" #300 (May 1988) as the original and most well-known host of the Venom symbiote. The character has since appeared in many Marvel Comics publications, including his own series "Venom". Introduced as a villain of the superhero Spider-Man, the character has been featured as one of his most recurring foes, earning him a position as one of Spider-Man's archenemies, with many regarding him as a dark reflection of Spider-Man.


Context: when did this film release?

Context: what is the story about?

Context: who created the character of the photographer?

Context: David Michelinie and Todd McFarlane.

Question: did the character suffer from cancer?

Answer: Yes.

Eddie Brock [SEP] Cancer and post-Venom

The 2003 story "The Hunger" introduced new elements to Brock's origin, revealing that Brock had cancer before joining with the symbiote, and that it chose to bond with Brock not only for his hatred towards Spider-Man, but also because the cancer causes the release of adrenaline, which feeds the symbiote. Brock is left reliant on the suit to live, and pursues Spider-Man out of fear that he will take the symbiote back, rather than for revenge over his lost career. Brock dies after the symbiote leaves him for Spider-Man, not wanting a diseased host. Spider-Man tricks the symbiote into again bonding with Brock, reviving him.


Context: when did this film release?

Context: what is the story about?

Context: David Michelinie and Todd McFarlane.

Context: did the character suffer from cancer?

Context: Yes.

Question: are there any other versions of this character?

Answer: Yes, in several alternate universe titles.

Eddie Brock [SEP] Other versions

The character appears in several alternate universe titles in which the character's history, circumstances and behavior may vary slightly or extensively from the mainstream setting. R.C. Everbeck portrayed Eddie Brock in a deleted scene from the 2002 "Spider-Man" film. However, an "Eddie" is referenced as a photographer employed by the "Daily Bugle" who was unable to obtain pictures of Spider-Man, much to Jameson's disdain. Eddie Brock / Venom appears in "Spider-Man 3" (2007) portrayed by Topher Grace. In the film's version, Edward "Eddie" Brock Jr. is a freelance photographer and Peter's counterpart rival, while dating Gwen Stacy. Later, after Peter, corrupted by the Symbiote's influence, exposes Eddie for falsifying a photograph to incriminate Spider-Man and starts dating Stacy, the latter loses both his job and girlfriend respectively.


Context: when did this film release?

Context: what is the story about?

Context: David Michelinie and Todd McFarlane.

Context: did the character suffer from cancer?

Context: Yes.

Context: are there any other versions of this character?

Context: Yes, in several alternate universe titles.

Question: can you name some places where the film was shot at?

Answer: Los Angeles, Cleveland and New York City.

Spider-Man 3 [SEP] Introduction

Development of "Spider-Man 3" began immediately after the successful release of "Spider-Man 2" for a 2007 release. During pre-production, Raimi originally wanted another villain to be included along with Sandman. At the request of producer Avi Arad, he added Venom and the producers also requested the addition of Gwen Stacy. Principal photography for the film began in January 2006, and took place in Los Angeles and Cleveland before moving to New York City from May until July 2006. Additional pick-up shots were made after August and the film wrapped in October 2006. During post-production, Sony Pictures Imageworks created over 900 visual effects shots.


Context: when did this film release?

Context: what is the story about?

Context: David Michelinie and Todd McFarlane.

Context: did the character suffer from cancer?

Context: Yes.

Context: can you name some places where the film was shot at?

Context: Los Angeles, Cleveland and New York City.

Question: where is the second place located?

Answer: It is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. maritime border with Canada and approximately west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border.

Cleveland [SEP] Introduction

Cleveland ( ), officially the City of Cleveland, is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. It is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. maritime border with Canada and approximately west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border. Cleveland is the largest city on the shores of Lake Erie and the largest metropolitan economy and population in Ohio. Metropolitan Cleveland, with a population of 2.8 million, comprises two US-defined metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), the Cleveland MSA and the Akron MSA. Its GDP is $171 Billion (2018), making it the 21st largest in the United States.


Context: when did this film release?

Context: what is the story about?

Context: David Michelinie and Todd McFarlane.

Context: did the character suffer from cancer?

Context: Yes.

Context: where is the second place located?

Context: It is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. maritime border with Canada and approximately west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border.

Question: can you name some parks here?

Answer: Edgewater Park, Whiskey Island–Wendy Park, East 55th Street Marina, and Gordon Park.

Cleveland [SEP] Parks and nature

Known locally as the "Emerald Necklace", the Olmsted-inspired Cleveland Metroparks encircle Cleveland and Cuyahoga County. The city proper is home to the Metroparks' Brookside and Lakefront Reservations, as well as significant parts of the Rocky River, Washington, and Euclid Creek Reservations. The Lakefront Reservation, which provides public access to Lake Erie, consists of four parks: Edgewater Park, Whiskey Island–Wendy Park, East 55th Street Marina, and Gordon Park. Three more parks fall under the jurisdiction of the Euclid Creek Reservation: Euclid Beach, Villa Angela, and Wildwood Marina. Bike and hiking trails in the Brecksville and Bedford Reservations, along with Garfield Park further north, provide access to trails in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park.


Context: when did this film release?

Context: what is the story about?

Context: David Michelinie and Todd McFarlane.

Context: did the character suffer from cancer?

Context: Yes.

Context: where is the second place located?

Context: can you name some parks here?

Context: Edgewater Park, Whiskey Island–Wendy Park, East 55th Street Marina, and Gordon Park.

Question: do they also have museums here?

Answer: The Cleveland Museum of Art and the Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland.

Cleveland [SEP] Museums and tourism

There are two main art museums in Cleveland. The Cleveland Museum of Art is a major American art museum, with a collection that includes more than 40,000 works of art ranging over 6,000 years, from ancient masterpieces to contemporary pieces. The Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland showcases established and emerging artists, particularly from the Cleveland area, through hosting and producing temporary exhibitions. Both museums offer free admission to visitors, with the Cleveland Museum of Art declaring their museum free and open "for the benefit of all the people forever." Both museums are also part of Cleveland's University Circle, a concentration of cultural, educational, and medical institutions located east of downtown.