Context: who got married in the cast of friends

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who created this show?

Context: David Crane and Marta Kauffman

Context: who are the lead actors of this show?

Context: when was this first aired?

Context: September 22, 1994

Context: who is the broadcaster of the show?

Context: NBC

Context: Ten

Context: what was her first featured film?

Context: "Mac and Me"

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: Sci-fi adventure

Context: who directed it?

Context: Stewart Raffill

Context: how much did it make?

Context: It grossed $6,424,112 in the U.S.

Context: "The Tender Warrior"

Context: Okefenokee Swamp in Georgia

Context: what is the above mentioned place?

Context: where is this place name derived from?

Context: From Hitchiti "oki fanôːki" "bubbling water"

Question: is it a well known tourist spot?

Answer: Yes, many visitors enter here each year and service providers at the refuge entrances and several local outfitters offer guided tours by motorboat, canoe, and kayak.

Okefenokee Swamp [SEP] Tourism

Many visitors enter the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge each year. The swamp provides an important economic resource to southeast Georgia and northeast Florida. About 400,000 people visit the swamp annually, with many from distant locations such as Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, China and Mexico. Service providers at the refuge entrances and several local outfitters offer guided tours by motorboat, canoe, and kayak.


Question: who hoisted the indian national flag for the first time

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Flag of India [SEP] Introduction

The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the ', a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term "tricolour" () almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the ' flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya.


Context: who hoisted the indian national flag for the first time

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you describe its structure ?

Answer: The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; witha 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre.

Explanation: The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the ', a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre.

Flag of India [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you describe its structure ?

Context: The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; witha 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre.

Question: who was the designer?

Answer: Pingali Venkayya

Explanation: The flag is based on the ' flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya.

Flag of India [SEP] Introduction

In 2002, on hearing an appeal from a private citizen, Naveen Jindal, the Supreme Court of India directed the Government of India to amend the code to allow flag usage by private citizens. Subsequently, the Union Cabinet of India amended the code to allow limited usage. The code was amended once more in 2005 to allow some additional use including adaptations on certain forms of clothing. The flag code also governs the protocol of flying the flag and its use in conjunction with other national and non-national flags.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you describe its structure ?

Context: who was the designer?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Question: does it symbolize anything?

Answer: In the centre was a traditional spinning wheel, symbolising Gandhi's goal of making Indians self-reliant,  the three bands were assigned new meanings: courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, and faith and chivalry respectively.

Flag of India [SEP] Symbolism

Gandhi first proposed a flag to the Indian National Congress in 1921. The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. In the centre was a traditional spinning wheel, symbolising Gandhi's goal of making Indians self-reliant by fabricating their own clothing, between a red stripe for Hindus and a green stripe for Muslims. The design was then modified to replace red with saffron and to include a white stripe in the centre for other religious communities, and provide a background for the spinning wheel. Subsequently, to avoid sectarian associations with the colour scheme, the three bands were assigned new meanings: courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, and faith and chivalry respectively.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you describe its structure ?

Context: who was the designer?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Context: does it symbolize anything?

Context: In the centre was a traditional spinning wheel, symbolising Gandhi's goal of making Indians self-reliant,  the three bands were assigned new meanings: courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, and faith and chivalry respectively.

Question: when was this officialized?

Answer: 15 August 1947

Explanation: The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the ', a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947.

Flag of India [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you describe its structure ?

Context: who was the designer?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Context: does it symbolize anything?

Context: when was this officialized?

Context: 15 August 1947

Question: what can you tell me about the designer?

Answer: He was an Indian freedom fighter and the designer of the flag on which the Indian national flag was based.

Pingali Venkayya [SEP] Introduction

Pingali Venkayya (2 August 1876 – 4 July 1963) was an Indian freedom fighter and the designer of the flag on which the Indian national flag was based. He was born at Bhatlapenumarru, near Machilipatnam, in what is now the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Various so-called national flags had been used by members of the Indian independence movement prior to independence being achieved in 1947. Venkayya's version was first designed for the Indian National Congress and subsequently modified in 1947. According to "The Hindu", "Pingali Venkayya was an authority in geology, agriculture and also an educationist who set up an educational institution in Machilipatnam.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you describe its structure ?

Context: who was the designer?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Context: does it symbolize anything?

Context: when was this officialized?

Context: 15 August 1947

Context: what can you tell me about the designer?

Context: He was an Indian freedom fighter and the designer of the flag on which the Indian national flag was based.

Question: which political party does he belong to?

Answer: Indian National Congress

Explanation: Various so-called national flags had been used by members of the Indian independence movement prior to independence being achieved in 1947. Venkayya's version was first designed for the Indian National Congress and subsequently modified in 1947.

Pingali Venkayya [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you describe its structure ?

Context: who was the designer?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Context: does it symbolize anything?

Context: when was this officialized?

Context: 15 August 1947

Context: which political party does he belong to?

Context: Indian National Congress

Question: when was it founded?

Answer: 1885

Indian National Congress [SEP] Introduction

The Indian National Congress () (INC, often called the Congress Party or simply Congress) is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire. Congress is one of the two major political parties in India, along with the Bharatiya Janata Party.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you describe its structure ?

Context: who was the designer?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Context: does it symbolize anything?

Context: when was this officialized?

Context: 15 August 1947

Context: Indian National Congress

Context: when was it founded?

Question: what can you tell me about their initial years?

Answer: Congress' demands became more radical in the face of constant opposition from the British government, and the party decided to advocate in favour of the independence movement because it would allow a new political system in which Congress could be a major party

Indian National Congress [SEP] Early years

At the beginning of the 20th century, Congress' demands became more radical in the face of constant opposition from the British government, and the party decided to advocate in favour of the independence movement because it would allow a new political system in which Congress could be a major party. By 1905, a division opened between the moderates led by Gokhale, who downplayed public agitation, and the new extremists who advocated agitation, and regarded the pursuit of social reform as a distraction from nationalism. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who tried to mobilise Hindu Indians by appealing to an explicitly Hindu political identity displayed in the annual public Ganapati festivals he inaugurated in western India, was prominent among the extremists.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you describe its structure ?

Context: who was the designer?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Context: does it symbolize anything?

Context: when was this officialized?

Context: 15 August 1947

Context: Indian National Congress

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what can you tell me about their initial years?

Context: Congress' demands became more radical in the face of constant opposition from the British government, and the party decided to advocate in favour of the independence movement because it would allow a new political system in which Congress could be a major party

Question: what is their economic policy?

Answer: Economic policy of Congress-led governments can be divided into two periods, the first period lasted from independence putting great emphasis on the public sector, the second period began with economic liberalization

Indian National Congress [SEP] Economic policy

The history of economic policy of Congress-led governments can be divided into two periods. The first period lasted from independence, in 1947, to 1991 and put great emphasis on the public sector. The second period began with economic liberalization in 1991. At the beginning of the first period, the Congress prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru implemented policies based on import substitution industrialization and advocated a mixed economy where the government-controlled public sector would co-exist with the private sector. He believed that the establishment of basic and heavy industry was fundamental to the development and modernisation of the Indian economy. The government, therefore, directed investment primarily into key public-sector industries—steel, iron, coal, and power—promoting their development with subsidies and protectionist policies.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you describe its structure ?

Context: who was the designer?

Context: Pingali Venkayya

Context: does it symbolize anything?

Context: when was this officialized?

Context: 15 August 1947

Context: Indian National Congress

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what is their economic policy?

Context: Economic policy of Congress-led governments can be divided into two periods, the first period lasted from independence putting great emphasis on the public sector, the second period began with economic liberalization

Question: what is their symbol ?

Answer: The hand symbol, which is an image of a right hand with its palm facing front and its fingers pressed together; this is usually shown in the centre of a tricolor flag

Indian National Congress [SEP] Election symbols

, the election symbol of Congress, as approved by the Election Commission of India, is an image of a right hand with its palm facing front and its fingers pressed together; this is usually shown in the centre of a tricolor flag. The hand symbol was first used by Indira Gandhi when she split from the Congress (R) faction following the 1977 elections and created the New Congress (I). The symbol of the original Congress during elections held between 1952 and 1971 was an image of two bullocks with a plough. The symbol of Indira's Congress (R) during the 1971–1977 period was a cow with a suckling calf.


Question: where do cirque du soleil performers come from

Answer: Baie-Saint-Paul

Cirque du Soleil [SEP] Introduction

Cirque du Soleil (, "Circus of the Sun" or "Sun Circus") is a Montreal-based entertainment company and the largest contemporary circus producer in the world. Located in the inner-city area of Saint-Michel, it was founded in Baie-Saint-Paul on 16 June 1984 by former street performers Guy Laliberté and Gilles Ste-Croix. Originating as a performing troupe called "Les Échassiers" (, "The Waders"), they toured Quebec in various forms between 1979 and 1983. Their initial financial hardship was relieved in 1983 by a government grant from the Canada Council for the Arts to perform as part of the 450th anniversary celebrations of Jacques Cartier's voyage to Canada.


Context: where do cirque du soleil performers come from

Context: Baie-Saint-Paul

Question: what is cirque du soleil?

Answer: Cirque du Soleil (, "Circus of the Sun" or "Sun Circus") is a Montreal-based entertainment company and the largest contemporary circus producer in the world.

Explanation: Cirque du Soleil (, "Circus of the Sun" or "Sun Circus") is a Montreal-based entertainment company and the largest contemporary circus producer in the world.

Cirque du Soleil [SEP] Introduction


Context: Baie-Saint-Paul

Context: what is cirque du soleil?

Context: Cirque du Soleil (, "Circus of the Sun" or "Sun Circus") is a Montreal-based entertainment company and the largest contemporary circus producer in the world.

Question: where is this aforesaid place located?

Answer: Baie-Saint-Paul is a city in the Province of Quebec, Canada, on the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River.

Baie-Saint-Paul [SEP] Introduction

Baie-Saint-Paul (2011 Population 7,332; UA population 4,535) is a city in the Province of Quebec, Canada, on the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River. Baie-Saint-Paul is the seat of Charlevoix Regional County Municipality. The city is situated at the mouth of the Gouffre River. It is known for its art galleries, shops and restaurants. The place gained some prominence in the 1770s when Doctor Philippe-Louis-François Badelard named a disease he was researching the "Baie-Saint-Paul maladie". This illness was the subject of one of the first medical publications done in Lower Canada. It is also where Cirque du Soleil originated back in the early 1980s and the location of the first show using the name Cirque du Soleil during "La Fete Foraine de Baie-Saint-Paul" in 1984.


Context: Baie-Saint-Paul

Context: what is cirque du soleil?

Context: where is this aforesaid place located?

Context: Baie-Saint-Paul is a city in the Province of Quebec, Canada, on the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River.

Question: what kind of weather is seen here?

Answer: Baie-Saint Paul has a humid continental climate with vast seasonal differences. Summers are mild and moderated by its proximity to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. In winter, interior Canada influences the climate with frequent cold waves.

Explanation: Baie-Saint Paul has a humid continental climate with vast seasonal differences. Summers are mild and moderated by its proximity to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. In winter, interior Canada influences the climate with frequent cold waves.

Baie-Saint-Paul [SEP] Climate


Context: Baie-Saint-Paul

Context: what is cirque du soleil?

Context: where is this aforesaid place located?

Context: what kind of weather is seen here?

Context: Baie-Saint Paul has a humid continental climate with vast seasonal differences. Summers are mild and moderated by its proximity to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. In winter, interior Canada influences the climate with frequent cold waves.

Question: where is this gulf located?

Answer: The Gulf of Saint Lawrence is the outlet of the North American Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean.

Explanation: The Gulf of Saint Lawrence (French: "Golfe du Saint-Laurent") is the outlet of the North American Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean. The gulf is a semi-enclosed sea, covering an area of about and containing about of water, which results in an average depth of .

Gulf of Saint Lawrence [SEP] Introduction


Context: Baie-Saint-Paul

Context: what is cirque du soleil?

Context: where is this aforesaid place located?

Context: what kind of weather is seen here?

Context: where is this gulf located?

Context: The Gulf of Saint Lawrence is the outlet of the North American Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean.

Question: what are its outlets?

Answer: North American Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean.


Context: Baie-Saint-Paul

Context: what is cirque du soleil?

Context: where is this aforesaid place located?

Context: what kind of weather is seen here?

Context: where is this gulf located?

Context: what are its outlets?

Context: North American Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean.

Question: where is the history behind this weather?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Baie-Saint-Paul

Context: what is cirque du soleil?

Context: where is this aforesaid place located?

Context: what kind of weather is seen here?

Context: where is this gulf located?

Context: what are its outlets?

Context: where is the history behind this weather?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are its sources?

Answer: The source of the North River in the Mesabi Range in Minnesota (Seven Beaver Lake) is considered to be the source of the Saint Lawrence River.

Explanation:
The source of the North River in the Mesabi Range in Minnesota (Seven Beaver Lake) is considered to be the source of the Saint Lawrence River. Because it crosses so many lakes, the water system frequently changes its name. From source to mouth, the names are:
The Saint Lawrence River also passes through Lake Saint-Louis and Lake Saint-Pierre in Quebec.

Saint Lawrence River [SEP] Sources


Context: Baie-Saint-Paul

Context: what is cirque du soleil?

Context: where is this aforesaid place located?

Context: what kind of weather is seen here?

Context: where is this gulf located?

Context: what are its outlets?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its sources?

Context: The source of the North River in the Mesabi Range in Minnesota (Seven Beaver Lake) is considered to be the source of the Saint Lawrence River.

Question: where is this aforesaid state located?

Answer: Canada

Quebec [SEP] Introduction

Quebec (; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canada's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division; only the territory of Nunavut is larger.


Context: Baie-Saint-Paul

Context: what is cirque du soleil?

Context: where is this aforesaid place located?

Context: what kind of weather is seen here?

Context: where is this gulf located?

Context: what are its outlets?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its sources?

Context: where is this aforesaid state located?

Context: Canada

Question: where did this place take its name from?

Answer: comes from the Algonquin or Ojibwe word "kébec" meaning "where the river narrows", originally referred to the area around Quebec City where the Saint Lawrence River narrows to a cliff-lined gap

Quebec [SEP] Etymology and boundary changes

The name "Québec", which comes from the Algonquin or Ojibwe word "kébec" meaning "where the river narrows", originally referred to the area around Quebec City where the Saint Lawrence River narrows to a cliff-lined gap. Early variations in the spelling of the name included "Québecq" (Levasseur, 1601) and "Kébec" (Lescarbot, 1609). French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name "Québec" in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the administrative seat for the French colony of New France. The province is sometimes referred to as "La belle province" ("The beautiful province"). The Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada to Britain after the Seven Years' War.


Context: Baie-Saint-Paul

Context: what is cirque du soleil?

Context: where is this aforesaid place located?

Context: what kind of weather is seen here?

Context: where is this gulf located?

Context: what are its outlets?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are its sources?

Context: where is this aforesaid state located?

Context: Canada

Context: where did this place take its name from?

Context: comes from the Algonquin or Ojibwe word "kébec" meaning "where the river narrows", originally referred to the area around Quebec City where the Saint Lawrence River narrows to a cliff-lined gap

Question: how is its relations with foreign countries?

Answer: Canada and the United States share the world's longest undefended border, co-operate on military campaigns and exercises, and are each other's largest trading partner.

Canada [SEP] Foreign relations and military

Canada is also a member of various other international and regional organizations and forums for economic and cultural affairs. Canada acceded to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 1976. Canada joined the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1990 and hosted the OAS General Assembly in 2000 and the 3rd Summit of the Americas in 2001. Canada seeks to expand its ties to Pacific Rim economies through membership in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC). Canada and the United States share the world's longest undefended border, co-operate on military campaigns and exercises, and are each other's largest trading partner.


Question: who is the lead singer of rage against machine

Answer: Zack de la Rocha

Rage Against the Machine [SEP] Introduction

Rage Against the Machine (often abbreviated as RATM or shortened to Rage) is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1991, the group consists of vocalist Zack de la Rocha, bassist and backing vocalist Tim Commerford, guitarist Tom Morello, and drummer Brad Wilk. Their songs express revolutionary political views. As of 2010, they have sold over 16 million records worldwide. The band was nominated for induction into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in their first year of eligibility in 2017 as well as in 2018, although both bids failed. Rage Against the Machine released its eponymous debut album in 1992 to commercial and critical success, leading to a slot in the 1993 Lollapalooza festival; in 2003, the album was ranked number 368 on "Rolling Stone"s list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.


Context: who is the lead singer of rage against machine

Context: Zack de la Rocha

Question: where is it based?

Answer: Los Angeles, California

Explanation: Rage Against the Machine (often abbreviated as RATM or shortened to Rage) is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California.


Context: Zack de la Rocha

Context: where is it based?

Context: Los Angeles, California

Question: what is the genre of this band?

Answer: Rock

Explanation: Rage Against the Machine (often abbreviated as RATM or shortened to Rage) is an American rock band from Los Angeles,


Context: Zack de la Rocha

Context: where is it based?

Context: Los Angeles, California

Context: what is the genre of this band?

Context: Rock

Question: can you name some of its successful albums or songs?

Answer: "Evil Empire" , Battle of Los Angeles" to name a few album

Explanation: Rage Against the Machine released its eponymous debut album in 1992 to commercial and critical success, leading to a slot in the 1993 Lollapalooza festival; in 2003, the album was ranked number 368 on "Rolling Stone"s list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. The follow-up albums, "Evil Empire" (1996) and "The Battle of Los Angeles" (1999),

De la Rocha started a low-profile solo career, while the rest of the band formed the rock supergroup Audioslave with Chris Cornell, the former frontman of Soundgarden; Audioslave recorded three albums before disbanding in 2007. The same year, Rage Against the Machine announced a reunion and performed together for the first time in seven years at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2007. Within the next four years, minus a sabbatical in 2009, the band continued to perform at more live venues and festivals around the world before going on hiatus once again. In 2016, Morello, Commerford and Wilk formed a new band, Prophets of Rage, with B-Real, Chuck D, and DJ Lord; that band released one EP and one full-length studio album before disbanding in 2019.


Context: Zack de la Rocha

Context: where is it based?

Context: Los Angeles, California

Context: what is the genre of this band?

Context: Rock

Context: can you name some of its successful albums or songs?

Context: "Evil Empire" , Battle of Los Angeles" to name a few album

Question: is the above singer founder of this band?

Answer: No, he is the vocalist


Context: Zack de la Rocha

Context: where is it based?

Context: Los Angeles, California

Context: what is the genre of this band?

Context: Rock

Context: is the above singer founder of this band?

Context: No, he is the vocalist

Question: can you name the other members of the band?

Answer: Tim Commerford, Tom Morello, Brad Wilk

Explanation: Formed in 1991, the group consists of vocalist Zack de la Rocha, bassist and backing vocalist Tim Commerford, guitarist Tom Morello, and drummer Brad Wilk.


Context: Zack de la Rocha

Context: where is it based?

Context: Los Angeles, California

Context: what is the genre of this band?

Context: Rock

Context: No, he is the vocalist

Context: can you name the other members of the band?

Context: Tim Commerford, Tom Morello, Brad Wilk

Question: what did the vocalist do before joining this band?

Answer: He joined the straight edge band Hard Stance

Zack de la Rocha [SEP] Early career

De la Rocha met Tim Commerford in elementary school, and in junior high school, they both played guitar in a band called Juvenile Expression. De la Rocha's interest in punk rock bands like The Clash, The Misfits, Sex Pistols, and Bad Religion turned into an appreciation for other bands like Minor Threat, Bad Brains, and The Teen Idles. In 1987, he joined the straight edge band Hard Stance. In 2018, Indecision Records officially released Hard Stance's entire discography.


Context: Zack de la Rocha

Context: where is it based?

Context: Los Angeles, California

Context: what is the genre of this band?

Context: Rock

Context: No, he is the vocalist

Context: Tim Commerford, Tom Morello, Brad Wilk

Context: what did the vocalist do before joining this band?

Context: He joined the straight edge band Hard Stance

Question: among the other members mentioned above; which instrument was played by the first one?

Answer: Bass guitar

Explanation:
Timothy Robert Commerford (born February 26, 1968) is an American musician, best known as the bassist and backing vocalist for the American rock band Rage Against the Machine (1991–2000; 2007–2011; 2019-present) and supergroups Audioslave (2001–2007; 2017) and Prophets of Rage (2016–2019). Since 2013 and 2015, he has also been the lead singer and bassist of the bands Future User and WAKRAT.

He was ranked eighth on "Paste" magazine's list of "20 Underrated Bass Guitarists" in 2014.

Tim Commerford [SEP] Introduction


Context: Zack de la Rocha

Context: where is it based?

Context: Los Angeles, California

Context: what is the genre of this band?

Context: Rock

Context: No, he is the vocalist

Context: Tim Commerford, Tom Morello, Brad Wilk

Context: among the other members mentioned above; which instrument was played by the first one?

Context: Bass guitar

Question: before the first reunion of the band; what was this guitarist involved in?

Answer: After Zack de la Rocha left, they released their eponymous debut, which would attain triple platinum status. Audioslave attained a large amount of success, and released another two studio albums

Explanation: By May 2001, they had begun to work in the studio, writing their first song "Light My Way." By April 2002, the newly formed band had split due to "outside" pressures, mainly from management companies. They soon got back together though, and on November 19, 2002 they released their eponymous debut, which would attain triple platinum status. Audioslave attained a large amount of success, and released another two studio albums. On May 5, 2005, Audioslave played a free concert in front of 65,000 Cuban fans, becoming the first American rock band to play a concert within Cuba.

Tim Commerford [SEP] Audioslave (2001–2007)

After Zack de la Rocha left Rage Against the Machine, music producer Rick Rubin suggested the three remaining members of Rage get together with then-former Soundgarden singer Chris Cornell, and "see what happens." By May 2001, they had begun to work in the studio, writing their first song "Light My Way." By April 2002, the newly formed band had split due to "outside" pressures, mainly from management companies. They soon got back together though, and on November 19, 2002 they released their eponymous debut, which would attain triple platinum status. Audioslave attained a large amount of success, and released another two studio albums.


Context: Zack de la Rocha

Context: where is it based?

Context: Los Angeles, California

Context: what is the genre of this band?

Context: Rock

Context: No, he is the vocalist

Context: Tim Commerford, Tom Morello, Brad Wilk

Context: Bass guitar

Context: before the first reunion of the band; what was this guitarist involved in?

Context: After Zack de la Rocha left, they released their eponymous debut, which would attain triple platinum status. Audioslave attained a large amount of success, and released another two studio albums

Question: did the aforementioned band win any awrad?

Answer: Yes, two Grammy Awards with six nominations altogether,  three nominations from the MTV Video Music Awards, but has yet to win an award.

Rage Against the Machine [SEP] Awards and nominations

Rage Against the Machine has won two Grammy Awards with six nominations altogether. During 2008 the band was also inducted into the Kerrang "Hall of Fame". As well during 2010 Rage Against the Machine were bestowed with NME's Heroes of the Year Award. The band has also received three nominations from the MTV Video Music Awards, but has yet to win an award. Grammy Awards MTV Video Music Awards NME Awards Kerrang! Awards Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards Rock and Roll Hall of Fame


Question: who dropped the ball in times square 2017

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Times Square Ball [SEP] Introduction

The Times Square Ball is a time ball located in New York City's Times Square. Located on the roof of One Times Square, the ball is a prominent part of a New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square commonly referred to as the ball drop, where the ball descends down a specially designed flagpole, beginning at 11:59:00 p.m. ET, and resting at midnight to signal the start of the new year. In recent years, the festivities have been preceded by live entertainment, including performances by musicians. The event was first organized by Adolph Ochs, owner of "The New York Times" newspaper, as a successor to a series of New Year's Eve fireworks displays he held at the building to promote its status as the new headquarters of the "Times", while the ball itself was designed by Artkraft Strauss.


Context: who dropped the ball in times square 2017

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: during what celebration is this ball dropped?

Answer: New Year's Eve celebration

Explanation: The Times Square Ball is a time ball located in New York City's Times Square. Located on the roof of One Times Square, the ball is a prominent part of a New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square commonly referred to as the ball drop, where the ball descends down a specially designed flagpole, beginning at 11:59:00 p.m. ET, and resting at midnight to signal the start of the new year. In recent years, the festivities have been preceded by live entertainment, including performances by musicians.

Times Square Ball [SEP] Introduction

First held on December 31, 1907, to welcome 1908, the ball drop has been held annually since, except in 1942 and 1943 in observance of wartime blackouts. The ball's design has been updated over the years to reflect improvements in lighting technology; the ball was initially constructed from wood and iron, and lit with 100 incandescent light bulbs. The current incarnation features a computerized LED lighting system and an outer surface consisting of triangular crystal panels. These panels contain inscriptions representing a yearly theme. Since 2009, the current ball has been displayed atop on Times Square year-round, while the original, smaller version of the current ball that was used in 2008 has been on display inside the Times Square visitor's center.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: during what celebration is this ball dropped?

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Question: which is the location for this specific event?

Answer: New York City's Times Square

Times Square Ball [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: which is the location for this specific event?

Context: New York City's Times Square

Question: when was this festivity first held?

Answer: The first New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square was held on December 31, 1904. The first ever "ball drop" was held on December 31, 1907

Explanation:
The first New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square was held on December 31, 1904; "The New York Times" owner, Adolph Ochs, decided to celebrate the opening of the newspaper's new headquarters, One Times Square, with a New Year's fireworks show on the southern roof of the building to welcome 1905. Close to 200,000 people attended the event, displacing traditional celebrations that had normally been held at Trinity Church. However, following several years of fireworks shows, Ochs wanted a bigger spectacle at the building to draw more attention to the area. The newspaper's chief electrician, Walter F. Palmer, suggested using a time ball, after seeing one used on the nearby Western Union Building.

Ochs hired sign designer Artkraft Strauss to construct a ball for the celebration; it was built from iron and wood, electrically lit with one hundred incandescent light bulbs, weighed , and measured in diameter. The ball was hoisted on the building's 70 foot flagpole with rope by a team of six

Times Square Ball [SEP] Early celebrations, first ball (1907–1908)


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: The first New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square was held on December 31, 1904. The first ever "ball drop" was held on December 31, 1907

Question: is there a live telecast of the celebration?

Answer: Yes - it is streamed via Livestream.com ; NBC

Explanation:
As a public event, the festivities and ball drop are often broadcast on television. A host pool feed is provided to broadcasters for use in coverage, which for 2016–17 consisted of 21 cameras. Since 2008-09, an official webcast of the ball drop and its associated festivities has been produced, streamed via Livestream.com.

The event is covered as part of New Year's Eve television specials on several major U.S. television networks, which usually intersperse on-location coverage from Times Square with entertainment segments, such as musical performances (some of which held live in Times Square as part of the event). By far the most notable of these is "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve"; created, produced, and originally hosted by the entertainer Dick Clark until his death in 2012 (with Regis Philbin filling in for its 2004-05 broadcast), and currently hosted by Ryan Seacrest, the program first aired on NBC in 1972 before moving to ABC, where it has been broadcast ever since. "New Year

Times Square Ball [SEP] Broadcasting


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: is there a live telecast of the celebration?

Context: Yes - it is streamed via Livestream.com ; NBC

Question: where is the square mentioned earlier located?

Answer: Midtown Manhattan section of New York City, at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue.

Explanation: Times Square is a major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment center, and neighborhood in the Midtown Manhattan section of New York City, at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue. Brightly lit by numerous billboards and advertisements, it stretches from West 42nd to West 47th Streets, and is sometimes referred to as "the Crossroads of the World", "the Center of the Universe", "the heart of the Great White Way", and "the heart of the world". One of the world's busiest pedestrian areas, it is also the hub of the Broadway Theater District and a major center of the world's entertainment industry. Times Square is one of the world's most visited tourist attractions, drawing an estimated 50 million visitors annually. Approximately 330,000 people pass through Times Square daily, many of them tourists, while over 460,000 pedestrians walk through Times Square on its busiest days.

Times Square [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: where is the square mentioned earlier located?

Context: Midtown Manhattan section of New York City, at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue.

Question: what exactly is this square?

Answer: A major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment center, and neighborhood

Times Square [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: what exactly is this square?

Context: A major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment center, and neighborhood

Question: approximately how many people visit it on a daily basis?

Answer: 360,000

Explanation:
Times Square is the most visited place globally with 360,000 pedestrian visitors a day, amounting to over 131 million a year. , it had a greater attendance than do each of the Disney theme parks worldwide, with 128,794,000 visitors between March 2012 and February 2013, versus 126,479,000 for the Walt Disney World theme parks in Bay Lake, Florida, in 2012.

Even excluding residents from the visitor count, Times Square is the world's second most visited tourist attraction, behind the Las Vegas Strip. The high level of pedestrian traffic has resulted in $4.8 billion in annual retail, entertainment and hotel sales, with 22 cents out of every dollar spent by visitors in New York City being spent within Times Square.

Times Square [SEP] Number of visitors


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Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: what exactly is this square?

Context: approximately how many people visit it on a daily basis?

Question: has this landmark appeared in any movies?

Answer: Yes - Midnight Cowboy, Born to Win, Taxi Driver

Explanation:
An immediately recognizable location, Times Square has been featured countless times in literature, on television, in films, in video games, and in music videos.

The seediness of the area was featured prominently in such films as "Midnight Cowboy" (1969), "Born to Win" (1971), and "Taxi Driver" (1976). The area was shown in the 1980 film "Times Square", which featured a punk rock/new wave soundtrack. It was also depicted in the 2011 movie "New Year's Eve". The area also appeared on "The Amazing Race" as the starting location in a race around the world in the first episode of the show's 25th season, as well as on the sixth season of the Israeli edition of "The Amazing Race" with teams finishing their second leg in Times Square.

Times Square has been fictionally attacked and destroyed in a number of movies, including "Knowing", when a solar flare destroys New York City; "Deep Impact", when a tsunami created from a meteor impact destroys New York City; the 1998 film "Godzilla", where Go

Times Square [SEP] In popular culture


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: what exactly is this square?

Context: has this landmark appeared in any movies?

Context: Yes - Midnight Cowboy, Born to Win, Taxi Driver

Question: who hosts the new year's celebration on the latter channel mentioned earlier?

Answer: Carson Daly

NBC's New Year's Eve [SEP] Introduction

NBC's New Year's Eve (formerly New Year's Eve with Carson Daly) is a television special which airs on New Year's Eve annually on NBC. The special is broadcast from Times Square in New York City, and prominently features coverage of its annual ball drop event, along with live and pre-recorded musical performances by popular musicians from Rockefeller Center and Los Angeles. Premiering for New Year's Eve 2004-05, the special competes against similar specials that also cover the ball drop, such as ABC's "New Year's Rockin' Eve". The special is hosted and produced by Carson Daly—better known since 2011 as host of "The Voice", through his self-named production company, in association with Universal Television.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: what exactly is this square?

Context: who hosts the new year's celebration on the latter channel mentioned earlier?

Context: Carson Daly

Question: what was the show called, when he was the host?

Answer: Formerly "New Year's Eve with Carson Daly"

Times Square Ball [SEP] Broadcasting

"New Year's Rockin' Eve" has consistently been the most-watched New Year's Eve special in the U.S. annually, peaking at 25.6 million viewers for its 2017–18 edition. Following the death of Dick Clark in April 2012, a crystal engraved with his name was added to the 2013 ball in tribute. Across the remaining networks, NBC broadcasts "NBC's New Year's Eve" (formerly "New Year's Eve with Carson Daly"), which features "The Voice" host Carson Daly, while Fox has presently aired a New Year's special hosted by comedian and media personality Steve Harvey since 2017–18. Spanish-language network Univision broadcasts "¡Feliz!", hosted by Raúl de Molina of "El Gordo y La Flaca".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: what exactly is this square?

Context: Carson Daly

Context: what was the show called, when he was the host?

Context: Formerly "New Year's Eve with Carson Daly"

Question: have other people hosted this show in later years?

Answer: Yes - in 2019 Daly was joined by Chrissy Teigen as a co-host. In 2020, Julianne Hough and tWitch replaced Teigen as Daly's correspondents on the show.

Explanation: Similarly to other New Year's Eve specials broadcast by the major networks, it is divided into two halves, including an hour aired in primetime at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT, followed by the main program at 11:30 p.m. following late local news or other programming. For the 2016 and 2017 editions, the primetime portion was replaced with special live editions of "Hollywood Game Night" and "Late Night with Seth Meyers" respectively. After going on hiatus in 2018, the show returned for 2019 under its current title, with Daly joined by Chrissy Teigen as a co-host. In 2020, dancer, actress and singer Julianne Hough and tWitch replaced Teigen as Daly's correspondents on the show.

NBC's New Year's Eve [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: what exactly is this square?

Context: Carson Daly

Context: have other people hosted this show in later years?

Context: Yes - in 2019 Daly was joined by Chrissy Teigen as a co-host. In 2020, Julianne Hough and tWitch replaced Teigen as Daly's correspondents on the show.

Question: who was the main character in the third movie mentioned earlier?

Answer: Travis Bickle

Taxi Driver [SEP] Introduction

Taxi Driver is a 1976 American neo noir psychological drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, written by Paul Schrader, and starring Robert De Niro, Jodie Foster, Cybill Shepherd, Harvey Keitel, Peter Boyle, Leonard Harris, and Albert Brooks. Set in a decaying and morally bankrupt New York City following the Vietnam War, the film tells the story of Travis Bickle, a lonely taxi driver who descends into insanity as he plots to assassinate both the presidential candidate for whom the woman he is infatuated with works, and the pimp of an underage prostitute he befriends. A critical and commercial success upon release and nominated for four Academy Awards, including for Best Picture, Best Actor (for De Niro) and Best Supporting Actress (for Foster), "Taxi Driver" won the Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival.


Context: who dropped the ball in times square 2017

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: during what celebration is this ball dropped?

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: which is the location for this specific event?

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: The first New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square was held on December 31, 1904. The first ever "ball drop" was held on December 31, 1907

Context: is there a live telecast of the celebration?

Context: Yes - it is streamed via Livestream.com ; NBC

Context: where is the square mentioned earlier located?

Context: Midtown Manhattan section of New York City, at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue.

Context: what exactly is this square?

Context: A major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment center, and neighborhood

Context: approximately how many people visit it on a daily basis?

Context: has this landmark appeared in any movies?

Context: Yes - Midnight Cowboy, Born to Win, Taxi Driver

Context: who hosts the new year's celebration on the latter channel mentioned earlier?

Context: Carson Daly

Context: what was the show called, when he was the host?

Context: Formerly "New Year's Eve with Carson Daly"

Context: have other people hosted this show in later years?

Context: Yes - in 2019 Daly was joined by Chrissy Teigen as a co-host. In 2020, Julianne Hough and tWitch replaced Teigen as Daly's correspondents on the show.

Context: who was the main character in the third movie mentioned earlier?

Context: Travis Bickle

Question: who played him?

Answer: Robert De Niro

Explanation: Travis Bickle is a fictional character who is the protagonist of the 1976 film "Taxi Driver" directed by Martin Scorsese. The character was created by the film's screenwriter Paul Schrader. He is played by Robert De Niro, who received an Oscar nomination for his performance.

Travis Bickle [SEP] Introduction


Context: who dropped the ball in times square 2017

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: during what celebration is this ball dropped?

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: which is the location for this specific event?

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: The first New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square was held on December 31, 1904. The first ever "ball drop" was held on December 31, 1907

Context: is there a live telecast of the celebration?

Context: Yes - it is streamed via Livestream.com ; NBC

Context: where is the square mentioned earlier located?

Context: Midtown Manhattan section of New York City, at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue.

Context: what exactly is this square?

Context: A major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment center, and neighborhood

Context: approximately how many people visit it on a daily basis?

Context: has this landmark appeared in any movies?

Context: Yes - Midnight Cowboy, Born to Win, Taxi Driver

Context: who hosts the new year's celebration on the latter channel mentioned earlier?

Context: Carson Daly

Context: what was the show called, when he was the host?

Context: Formerly "New Year's Eve with Carson Daly"

Context: have other people hosted this show in later years?

Context: Yes - in 2019 Daly was joined by Chrissy Teigen as a co-host. In 2020, Julianne Hough and tWitch replaced Teigen as Daly's correspondents on the show.

Context: who was the main character in the third movie mentioned earlier?

Context: Travis Bickle

Context: who played him?

Context: Robert De Niro

Question: did this movie make any catchphrase/dialogue famous?

Answer: Yes - "You talkin' to me?"

Explanation: The character has often been referenced in popular culture due to his famous "You talkin' to me?" monologue. The scene was listed by IGN as the 4th best moment in film history when counting their top 100. Bickle sinisterly utters the line while he stands in front of the mirror, clad in an USMC jacket, threatening his unseen foes with the gun up his sleeve. The line has been parodied multiple times throughout film history, including by De Niro himself in the film "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle".

Travis Bickle [SEP] You talkin' to me?


Context: who dropped the ball in times square 2017

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: during what celebration is this ball dropped?

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: which is the location for this specific event?

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: The first New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square was held on December 31, 1904. The first ever "ball drop" was held on December 31, 1907

Context: is there a live telecast of the celebration?

Context: Yes - it is streamed via Livestream.com ; NBC

Context: where is the square mentioned earlier located?

Context: Midtown Manhattan section of New York City, at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue.

Context: what exactly is this square?

Context: A major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment center, and neighborhood

Context: approximately how many people visit it on a daily basis?

Context: has this landmark appeared in any movies?

Context: Yes - Midnight Cowboy, Born to Win, Taxi Driver

Context: who hosts the new year's celebration on the latter channel mentioned earlier?

Context: Carson Daly

Context: what was the show called, when he was the host?

Context: Formerly "New Year's Eve with Carson Daly"

Context: have other people hosted this show in later years?

Context: Yes - in 2019 Daly was joined by Chrissy Teigen as a co-host. In 2020, Julianne Hough and tWitch replaced Teigen as Daly's correspondents on the show.

Context: who was the main character in the third movie mentioned earlier?

Context: Travis Bickle

Context: who played him?

Context: Robert De Niro

Context: did this movie make any catchphrase/dialogue famous?

Context: Yes - "You talkin' to me?"

Question: who was the actress cast in this movie?

Answer: Jodie Foster

Explanation: Taxi Driver is a 1976 American neo noir psychological drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, written by Paul Schrader, and starring Robert De Niro, Jodie Foster, Cybill Shepherd, Harvey Keitel, Peter Boyle, Leonard Harris, and Albert Brooks. Set in a decaying and morally bankrupt New York City following the Vietnam War, the film tells the story of Travis Bickle, a lonely taxi driver who descends into insanity as he plots to assassinate both the presidential candidate for whom the woman he is infatuated with works, and the pimp of an underage prostitute he befriends

Taxi Driver [SEP] Introduction


Context: who dropped the ball in times square 2017

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: during what celebration is this ball dropped?

Context: New Year's Eve celebration

Context: which is the location for this specific event?

Context: New York City's Times Square

Context: when was this festivity first held?

Context: The first New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square was held on December 31, 1904. The first ever "ball drop" was held on December 31, 1907

Context: is there a live telecast of the celebration?

Context: Yes - it is streamed via Livestream.com ; NBC

Context: where is the square mentioned earlier located?

Context: Midtown Manhattan section of New York City, at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue.

Context: what exactly is this square?

Context: A major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment center, and neighborhood

Context: approximately how many people visit it on a daily basis?

Context: has this landmark appeared in any movies?

Context: Yes - Midnight Cowboy, Born to Win, Taxi Driver

Context: who hosts the new year's celebration on the latter channel mentioned earlier?

Context: Carson Daly

Context: what was the show called, when he was the host?

Context: Formerly "New Year's Eve with Carson Daly"

Context: have other people hosted this show in later years?

Context: Yes - in 2019 Daly was joined by Chrissy Teigen as a co-host. In 2020, Julianne Hough and tWitch replaced Teigen as Daly's correspondents on the show.

Context: who was the main character in the third movie mentioned earlier?

Context: Travis Bickle

Context: who played him?

Context: Robert De Niro

Context: did this movie make any catchphrase/dialogue famous?

Context: Yes - "You talkin' to me?"

Context: who was the actress cast in this movie?

Context: Jodie Foster

Question: why was this movie rated 'r'?

Answer: The climactic shoot-out was considered intensely graphic by a few critics, considering an X-rating for the film. To attain an "R" rating, Scorsese had the colors de-saturated, making the brightly colored blood less prominent.

Explanation: The climactic shoot-out was considered intensely graphic by a few critics, considering an X-rating for the film. To attain an "R" rating, Scorsese had the colors de-saturated, making the brightly colored blood less prominent. In later interviews, Scorsese commented that he was pleased by the color change and considered it an improvement over the originally filmed scene. In the special-edition DVD, Michael Chapman, the film's cinematographer, regrets the decision and the fact that no print with the unmuted colors exists anymore, as the originals had long since deteriorated.

Taxi Driver [SEP] R rating


Question: who is yusuf i of granada?

Answer: Seventh Nasrid ruler

Yusuf I of Granada [SEP] Introduction

Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Ismail (; 29 June 131819 October 1354), known by the regnal name al-Muayyad billah (, "He who is aided by God"), was the seventh Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada on the Iberian Peninsula. The third son of Ismail I (), he was Sultan between 1333 and 1354, after his brother Muhammad IV () was assassinated. Coming to the throne at age fifteen, he was initially treated as a minor and given only limited power by his ministers and his grandmother Fatima. In February 1334, his representatives secured a four-year peace treaty with Granada's neighbours Castile and the Marinid Sultanate; which was joined by Aragon in May.


Context:
who is yusuf i of granada?
Seventh Nasrid ruler

Question: which country was he a ruler in?

Answer: Emirate of Granada on the Iberian Peninsula.

Yusuf I of Granada [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is yusuf i of granada?

Context: Seventh Nasrid ruler

Context: which country was he a ruler in?

Context: Emirate of Granada on the Iberian Peninsula.

Question: which tributaries run in the emirate of granada?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Yusuf I of Granada [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is yusuf i of granada?

Context: Seventh Nasrid ruler

Context: which country was he a ruler in?

Context: which tributaries run in the emirate of granada?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did the granada fall?

Answer: Yes, was completely surrendered to Ferdinand and Isabella, and Los Reyes Católicos.

Emirate of Granada [SEP] Fall of Granada

Meanwhile, civil war erupted in Granada as a result of succession struggles in the Nasrid ruling house. Castile used this internal strife as an opportunity to push further into Granada. By 1491, the city of Granada itself lay under siege. On November 25, 1491, the Treaty of Granada was signed, setting out the conditions for surrender. On January 2, 1492, the last Muslim leader, Muhammad XII, known as "Boabdil" to the Spanish, gave up complete control of Granada, to Ferdinand and Isabella, "Los Reyes Católicos" ("The Catholic Monarchs").


Context: who is yusuf i of granada?

Context: Seventh Nasrid ruler

Context: which country was he a ruler in?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the granada fall?

Context: Yes, was completely surrendered to Ferdinand and Isabella, and Los Reyes Católicos.

Question: what kind of architecture did it have?

Answer: Alhambra palace was expanded.

Explanation: The Alhambra palace in Granada was expanded in the Nasrid period, particularly during the rule of Yusuf I and Muhammad V.

Emirate of Granada [SEP] Architecture


Context: who is yusuf i of granada?

Context: Seventh Nasrid ruler

Context: which country was he a ruler in?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the granada fall?

Context: what kind of architecture did it have?

Context: Alhambra palace was expanded.

Question: how long did the former ruler rule this place?

Answer: Emirate completely came under them after January 2, 1492.

Explanation: On January 2, 1492, the last Muslim leader, Muhammad XII, known as "Boabdil" to the Spanish, gave up complete control of Granada, to Ferdinand and Isabella, "Los Reyes Católicos" ("The Catholic Monarchs").


Context: who is yusuf i of granada?

Context: Seventh Nasrid ruler

Context: which country was he a ruler in?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the granada fall?

Context: what kind of architecture did it have?

Context: Alhambra palace was expanded.

Context: how long did the former ruler rule this place?

Context: Emirate completely came under them after January 2, 1492.

Question: did he take part in any war?

Answer: Yes, Marinid–Granadan war.

Yusuf I of Granada [SEP] Marinid–Granadan war against Castile

In the spring of 1339, after the expiration of the treaty, hostilities recommenced with Marinid raids into the Castilian countryside. Confrontations ensued between Castile on one side and the two Muslim kingdoms on the other. Granada was invaded by Castilian troops led by Gonzalo Martínez, Master of the Order of Alcántara, who raided Locubín, Alcalá de Benzaide and Priego. In turn, Yusuf led an army of 8,000 in besieging Siles, but was forced to lift the siege by the forces of the Master of the Order of Santiago, Alfonso Méndez de Guzmán. The personal rivalry between Martínez and de Guzmán appears to have caused the former to defect to Yusuf, but he was soon captured by Castillian forces, hung as a traitor and his body burned.


Context: who is yusuf i of granada?

Context: Seventh Nasrid ruler

Context: which country was he a ruler in?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the granada fall?

Context: what kind of architecture did it have?

Context: Alhambra palace was expanded.

Context: did he take part in any war?

Context: Yes, Marinid–Granadan war.

Question: who was this fought between?

Answer: Two muslim kingdoms and Castile.

Explanation: Confrontations ensued between Castile on one side and the two Muslim kingdoms on the other. Granada was invaded by Castilian troops led by Gonzalo Martínez, Master of the Order of Alcántara, who raided Locubín, Alcalá de Benzaide and Priego. In turn, Yusuf led an army of 8,000 in besieging Siles, but was forced to lift the siege by the forces of the Master of the Order of Santiago, Alfonso Méndez de Guzmán.


Context: who is yusuf i of granada?

Context: Seventh Nasrid ruler

Context: which country was he a ruler in?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the granada fall?

Context: what kind of architecture did it have?

Context: Alhambra palace was expanded.

Context: did he take part in any war?

Context: Yes, Marinid–Granadan war.

Context: who was this fought between?

Context: Two muslim kingdoms and Castile.

Question: which were the two muslim kingdoms?

Answer: Order of Alcántara and Order of Santiago.

Explanation: Granada was invaded by Castilian troops led by Gonzalo Martínez, Master of the Order of Alcántara, who raided Locubín, Alcalá de Benzaide and Priego. In turn, Yusuf led an army of 8,000 in besieging Siles, but was forced to lift the siege by the forces of the Master of the Order of Santiago, Alfonso Méndez de Guzmán.


Context: who is yusuf i of granada?

Context: Seventh Nasrid ruler

Context: which country was he a ruler in?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the granada fall?

Context: what kind of architecture did it have?

Context: Alhambra palace was expanded.

Context: did he take part in any war?

Context: Yes, Marinid–Granadan war.

Context: who was this fought between?

Context: Two muslim kingdoms and Castile.

Context: which were the two muslim kingdoms?

Context: Order of Alcántara and Order of Santiago.

Question: when did the war end?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who is yusuf i of granada?

Context: Seventh Nasrid ruler

Context: which country was he a ruler in?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the granada fall?

Context: what kind of architecture did it have?

Context: Alhambra palace was expanded.

Context: did he take part in any war?

Context: Yes, Marinid–Granadan war.

Context: who was this fought between?

Context: Two muslim kingdoms and Castile.

Context: which were the two muslim kingdoms?

Context: when did the war end?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how is the ruler related to the marinid princes?

Answer: Presence of Marinid pretenders in his court gave him leverage in case the two states came into conflict.

Yusuf I of Granada [SEP] Yusuf and the Marinid princes

Abu al-Hasan tried unsuccessfully to regain the Marinid throne until his death in 1351. Two other challengers to Abu Inan, his brothers Abu al-Fadl and Abu Salim, fled to Granada. Yusuf refused pressure from the Marinid Sultan to hand them over. Like many other Nasrid sultans, Yusuf found that the presence of Marinid pretenders in his court gave him leverage in case the two states came into conflict. At Yusuf's encouragement, Abu al-Fadl then went to Castile to seek help from Peter. Peter, seeking to incite another civil war in North Africa, provided ships to land the prince in Sus in order to attack Abu Inan.


Context: who is yusuf i of granada?

Context: Seventh Nasrid ruler

Context: which country was he a ruler in?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did the granada fall?

Context: what kind of architecture did it have?

Context: Alhambra palace was expanded.

Context: did he take part in any war?

Context: Yes, Marinid–Granadan war.

Context: who was this fought between?

Context: Two muslim kingdoms and Castile.

Context: which were the two muslim kingdoms?

Context: when did the war end?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is the ruler related to the marinid princes?

Context: Presence of Marinid pretenders in his court gave him leverage in case the two states came into conflict.

Question: when did the ruler die?

Answer: 19 October 1354

Yusuf I of Granada [SEP] Death

Yusuf was assassinated whilst praying in Granada's Great Mosque on 19 October 1354 (Eid al-Fitr/1 Shawwal 755 AH). A man stabbed him with a dagger during the last prostration of the Eid prayer ritual. Ibn al-Khatib was present—likely praying a few metres from the Sultan, given that he was then a high court official—and his works include a detailed narration of the events. The attacker broke from the ranks of the congregation and went towards the Sultan. His movement was not noticed or did not alarm anyone because of his condition and rank, and upon reaching the Sultan, he leapt and stabbed him.


Question: ct is produced by which cells of the thyroid gland

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Thyroid [SEP] Introduction

The thyroid, or thyroid gland, is an endocrine gland in the neck consisting of two connected lobes. The lower two thirds of the lobes are connected by a thin band of tissue called the thyroid isthmus. The thyroid is located at the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple. Microscopically, the functional unit of the thyroid gland is the spherical thyroid follicle, lined with follicular cells (thyrocytes), and occasional parafollicular cells that surround a lumen containing colloid. The thyroid gland secretes three hormones: the two thyroid hormones – triiodothyronine (T) and thyroxine (T) – and a peptide hormone, calcitonin.


Context: ct is produced by which cells of the thyroid gland

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where is the gland located?

Answer: The thyroid is located at the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple.

Explanation: The thyroid is located at the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple.

Thyroid [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the gland located?

Context: The thyroid is located at the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple.

Question: does it produce any hormone?

Answer: Yes, The thyroid gland secretes three hormones: the two thyroid hormones – triiodothyronine (T) and thyroxine (T) – and a peptide hormone, calcitonin.

Explanation: d occasional parafollicular cells that surround a lumen containing colloid. The thyroid gland secretes three hormones: the two thyroid hormones – triiodothyronine (T) and thyroxine (T) – and a peptide hormone, calcitonin.

Thyroid [SEP] Introduction

During migration, the thyroid remains connected to the tongue by a narrow canal, the thyroglossal duct. At the end of the fifth week the thyroglossal duct degenerates, and over the following two weeks the detached thyroid migrates to its final position. Thyroid disorders include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid inflammation (thyroiditis), thyroid enlargement (goitre), thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones: the most common cause is the autoimmune disorder Graves' disease. Hypothyroidism is characterized by a deficient secretion of thyroid hormones: the most common cause is iodine deficiency. In iodine-deficient regions, hypothyroidism secondary to iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable intellectual disability in children.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the gland located?

Context: does it produce any hormone?

Context: Yes, The thyroid gland secretes three hormones: the two thyroid hormones – triiodothyronine (T) and thyroxine (T) – and a peptide hormone, calcitonin.

Question: what is the first one about?

Answer: It  is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate.

Triiodothyronine [SEP] Introduction

Triiodothyronine, also known as T, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. Production of T and its prohormone thyroxine (T) is activated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released from the anterior pituitary gland. This pathway is part of a closed-loop feedback process: Elevated concentrations of T, and T in the blood plasma inhibit the production of TSH in the anterior pituitary gland. As concentrations of these hormones decrease, the anterior pituitary gland increases production of TSH, and by these processes, a feedback control system stabilizes the amount of thyroid hormones that are in the bloodstream.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the gland located?

Context: does it produce any hormone?

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: It  is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate.

Question: does the impairment of this gland cause any disease?

Answer: Yes, goitre

Thyroid [SEP] Goitre

An enlarged thyroid gland is called a goitre. Goitres are present in some form in about 5% of people, and are the result of a large number of causes, including iodine deficiency, autoimmune disease (both Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis), infection, inflammation, and infiltrative disease such as sarcoidosis and amyloidosis. Sometimes no cause can be found, a state called "simple goitre". Some forms of goitre are associated with pain, whereas many do not cause any symptoms. Enlarged goitres may extend beyond the normal position of the thyroid gland to below the sternum, around the airway or esophagus. Goitres may be associated with hyperthyoidism or hypothyroidism, relating to the underlying cause of the goitre.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the gland located?

Context: does it produce any hormone?

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: does the impairment of this gland cause any disease?

Context: Yes, goitre

Question: what signs does it show?

Answer: A visible enlargement of the thyroid gland at the base of the neck.

Goitre [SEP] Signs and symptoms

A goitre can present as a palpable or visible enlargement of the thyroid gland at the base of the neck. A goitre, if associated with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, may be present with symptoms of the underlying disorder. For hyperthyroidism, the most common symptoms are associated with adrenergic stimulation: tachycardia (increased heart rate), palpitations, nervousness, tremor, increased blood pressure and heat intolerance. Clinical manifestations are often related to hypermetabolism, (increased metabolism), excessive thyroid hormone, an increase in oxygen consumption, metabolic changes in protein metabolism, immunologic stimulation of diffuse goitre, and ocular changes (exophthalmos). Hypothyroid individuals may have weight gain despite poor appetite, cold intolerance, constipation and lethargy.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the gland located?

Context: does it produce any hormone?

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: Yes, goitre

Context: what signs does it show?

Context: A visible enlargement of the thyroid gland at the base of the neck.

Question: what are it's different forms?

Answer: A goitre may be classified either as nodular or diffuse. Nodular goitres are either of one nodule (uninodular) or of multiple nodules (multinodular).

Explanation: A goitre may be classified either as nodular or diffuse. Nodular goitres are either of one nodule (uninodular) or of multiple nodules (multinodular).

Goitre [SEP] Types


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the gland located?

Context: does it produce any hormone?

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: Yes, goitre

Context: what signs does it show?

Context: what are it's different forms?

Context: A goitre may be classified either as nodular or diffuse. Nodular goitres are either of one nodule (uninodular) or of multiple nodules (multinodular).

Question: how is it diagnosed?

Answer: Goitre may be diagnosed via a thyroid function test in an individual suspected of having it.

Explanation: Goitre may be diagnosed via a thyroid function test in an individual suspected of having it.

Goitre [SEP] Diagnosis


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the gland located?

Context: does it produce any hormone?

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: Yes, goitre

Context: what signs does it show?

Context: what are it's different forms?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: Goitre may be diagnosed via a thyroid function test in an individual suspected of having it.

Question: can it be treated?

Answer: Yes,  If the thyroid gland is producing an excess of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), radioactive iodine is given to the patient to shrink the gland. If goitre is caused by iodine deficiency, small doses of iodide in the form of Lugol's iodine or KI solution are given.

Goitre [SEP] Treatment

Goitre is treated according to the cause. If the thyroid gland is producing an excess of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), radioactive iodine is given to the patient to shrink the gland. If goitre is caused by iodine deficiency, small doses of iodide in the form of Lugol's iodine or KI solution are given. If the goitre is associated with an underactive thyroid, thyroid supplements are used as treatment. Sometimes a partial or complete thyroidectomy is required.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where is the gland located?

Context: does it produce any hormone?

Context: what is the first one about?

Context: Yes, goitre

Context: what signs does it show?

Context: what are it's different forms?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: can it be treated?

Context: Yes,  If the thyroid gland is producing an excess of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), radioactive iodine is given to the patient to shrink the gland. If goitre is caused by iodine deficiency, small doses of iodide in the form of Lugol's iodine or KI solution are given.

Question: what is it caused by?

Answer: The most common cause for goitre is iodine deficiency, commonly seen in countries that scarcely use iodized salt.

Goitre [SEP] Causes

Worldwide, the most common cause for goitre is iodine deficiency, commonly seen in countries that scarcely use iodized salt. Selenium deficiency is also considered a contributing factor. In countries that use iodized salt, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause. Goitre can also result from cyanide poisoning; this is particularly common in tropical countries where people eat the cyanide-rich cassava root as the staple food.


Question: in which country did the battle of cape ecnomus take place?

Answer: Southern Sicily

Battle of Cape Ecnomus [SEP] Introduction

The Battle of Cape Ecnomus or Eknomos () was a naval battle, fought off southern Sicily, in 256 BC, between the fleets of Carthage and the Roman Republic, during the First Punic War (264–241 BC). The Carthaginian fleet was commanded by Hanno and Hamilcar; the Roman fleet jointly by the consuls for the year, Marcus Atilius Regulus and Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus. It resulted in a clear victory for the Romans. The Roman fleet of 330 warships plus an unknown number of transports had sailed from Ostia, the port of Rome, and had embarked approximately 26,000 picked legionaries shortly before the battle.


Context: in which country did the battle of cape ecnomus take place?

Context: Southern Sicily

Question: whom was it fought between?

Answer: Fleets of Carthage and the Roman Republic.

Explanation: The Battle of Cape Ecnomus or Eknomos () was a naval battle, fought off southern Sicily, in 256 BC, between the fleets of Carthage and the Roman Republic


Context: Southern Sicily

Context: whom was it fought between?

Context: Fleets of Carthage and the Roman Republic.

Question: which year did it take place?

Answer: 256 BC

Explanation: The Battle of Cape Ecnomus or Eknomos () was a naval battle, fought off southern Sicily, in 256 BC,


Context: Southern Sicily

Context: whom was it fought between?

Context: which year did it take place?

Context: 256 BC

Question: can you mention a few warriors from the first group?

Answer: Hanno and Hamilcar

Explanation: The Carthaginian fleet was commanded by Hanno and Hamilcar;


Context: Southern Sicily

Context: whom was it fought between?

Context: which year did it take place?

Context: 256 BC

Context: can you mention a few warriors from the first group?

Context: Hanno and Hamilcar

Question: and can you name a few warriors from the second group mentioned earlier?

Answer: Marcus Atilius Regulus and Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus.

Explanation: the Roman fleet jointly by the consuls for the year, Marcus Atilius Regulus and Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus.


Context: Southern Sicily

Context: whom was it fought between?

Context: which year did it take place?

Context: 256 BC

Context: Hanno and Hamilcar

Context: and can you name a few warriors from the second group mentioned earlier?

Context: Marcus Atilius Regulus and Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus.

Question: with reference to the second person mentioned who belonged to the second group, can you name some of his professions?

Answer: Roman patrician and Roman consul

Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus [SEP] Introduction

Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus was a Roman patrician, who became consul in 256 and 250 BC. He has been remembered as another militarily successful Roman consul; his military achievements significantly contributed to the victory of the Romans in the First Punic War.


Context: Southern Sicily

Context: whom was it fought between?

Context: which year did it take place?

Context: 256 BC

Context: Hanno and Hamilcar

Context: with reference to the second person mentioned who belonged to the second group, can you name some of his professions?

Context: Roman patrician and Roman consul

Question: mention a few duties and responsibilities of that second profession mentioned above.

Answer: Invested with executive power of the state and headed the government of the Republic.

Explanation:
the consuls were given the civil and military responsibilities (imperium). However, to prevent abuse of the kingly power, the imperium was shared by two consuls, each of whom could veto the other's actions.

The consuls were invested with the executive power of the state and headed the government of the Republic.

Roman consul [SEP] Republican duties

In the gradual development of the Roman legal system, however, some important functions were detached from the consulship and assigned to new officers. Thus, in 443 BC, the responsibility to conduct the census was taken from the consuls and given to the censors. The second function taken from the consulship was their judicial power. Their position as chief judges was transferred to the praetors in 366 BC. After this time, the consul would only serve as judges in extraordinary criminal cases and only when called upon by decree of the Senate.


Context: Southern Sicily

Context: whom was it fought between?

Context: which year did it take place?

Context: 256 BC

Context: Hanno and Hamilcar

Context: Roman patrician and Roman consul

Context: mention a few duties and responsibilities of that second profession mentioned above.

Context: Invested with executive power of the state and headed the government of the Republic.

Question: when did he pass away?

Answer: 216 BC

Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus [SEP] Death

Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus died in 216 BC. Nothing is known about how he died. Since he died in 216 BC, this means that he lived for around 83 years, since one had to be around 40 years old to run for consul and the first time he ran was in 259 BC. It is probable that he died from natural causes, since he was around 83 years old, which was very old for someone living in Ancient Rome. Assuming this is correct, his birth would be somewhere around 300 BC.


Context: Southern Sicily

Context: whom was it fought between?

Context: which year did it take place?

Context: 256 BC

Context: Hanno and Hamilcar

Context: Roman patrician and Roman consul

Context: when did he pass away?

Context: 216 BC

Question: what was his main contribution in that battle he was part of?

Answer: His command skills saved the transport ships, which allowed the Romans to pursue a follow up attack at Aspis.

Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus [SEP] Analysis of contributions

Throughout the years, Lucius Manlius has generally been accepted as yet another consul who helped in military victories. In the Battle of Cape Ecnomus, his command skills were essential in saving the transport ships, which allowed the Romans to pursue a follow up attack at Aspis. In his second term, he brought the army into an improved and positive state of mind through building a new fleet and recruiting many sailors, even after the losses at Lilybaeum.


Context: Southern Sicily

Context: whom was it fought between?

Context: which year did it take place?

Context: 256 BC

Context: Hanno and Hamilcar

Context: Roman patrician and Roman consul

Context: when did he pass away?

Context: 216 BC

Context: what was his main contribution in that battle he was part of?

Context: His command skills saved the transport ships, which allowed the Romans to pursue a follow up attack at Aspis.

Question: with reference to the region/country where this battle was fought in, what is the climate of that place?

Answer: Typical Mediterranean climate.

Sicily [SEP] Climate

Sicily has a typical Mediterranean climate with mild and wet winters and hot, dry summers with very changeable intermediate seasons. On the coasts, especially in the south-west, the climate is affected by the African currents and summers can be scorching. Sicily is seen as an island of warm winters. Snow falls above 900–1000 metres, but it can fall in the hills. The interior mountains, especially Nebrodi, Madonie, and Etna, enjoy a full mountain climate, with heavy snowfalls during winter. The summit of Mount Etna is usually snow-capped from October to May.


Context: Southern Sicily

Context: whom was it fought between?

Context: which year did it take place?

Context: 256 BC

Context: Hanno and Hamilcar

Context: Roman patrician and Roman consul

Context: when did he pass away?

Context: 216 BC

Context: with reference to the region/country where this battle was fought in, what is the climate of that place?

Context: Typical Mediterranean climate.

Question: is that region an island?

Answer: Yes, largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

Sicily [SEP] Introduction

Sicily ( ; ) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy. It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as "Regione Siciliana". It has 5 million inhabitants. Sicily is in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula, from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina. Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna, the tallest active volcano in Europe, and one of the most active in the world, currently high. The island has a typical Mediterranean climate. The earliest archaeological evidence of human activity on the island dates from as early as 12,000 BC.


Context: Southern Sicily

Context: whom was it fought between?

Context: which year did it take place?

Context: 256 BC

Context: Hanno and Hamilcar

Context: Roman patrician and Roman consul

Context: when did he pass away?

Context: 216 BC

Context: Typical Mediterranean climate.

Context: is that region an island?

Context: Yes, largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

Question: what other islands will you find in that sea?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Sicily [SEP] Introduction


Question: who sang the original version of earth angel

Answer: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Earth Angel [SEP] Introduction

"Earth Angel", occasionally referred to as "Earth Angel (Will You Be Mine)", is a song by American doo-wop group the Penguins. Produced by Dootsie Williams, it was released as their debut single in October 1954 on Dootone Records. The Penguins had formed the year prior and recorded the song as a demo in a garage in South Los Angeles. The song's origins lie in multiple different sources, among them songs by Jesse Belvin, Patti Page, and the Hollywood Flames. Its authorship was the subject of a bitter legal dispute with Williams in the years following its release. Although the song was going to be overdubbed with additional instrumentation, the original demo version became an unexpected hit, quickly outstripping its A-side.


Context: who sang the original version of earth angel

Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Question: who wrote the lyrics?

Answer: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Earth Angel [SEP] Background

The Penguins—composed of lead vocalist Cleveland Duncan, bass Curtis Williams, tenor Dexter Tisby, and baritone Bruce Tate—formed at Fremont High School in Los Angeles, California in 1953. The group named themselves after the Kool cigarette advertising mascot. Williams and Gaynel Hodge were previously members of The Hollywood Flames, where they began writing "Earth Angel" with mentor Jesse Belvin, a Jefferson High graduate. Belvin had previously had a hit single in "Dream Girl", a 1952 ballad credited to Jesse & Marvin (saxophonist Marvin Phillips). The song echoes "Earth Angel" in its melodic refrain: "Dream girl, dream girl..." Its "why-oh" hook was adapted as a background chant within "Earth Angel".


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Question: what musical instruments were played in the background of this track?

Answer: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Explanation: . It was recorded on a single-track Ampex tape recorder, owned by big band veteran Ted Brinson, who performs bass guitar on the track. The drums were muffled with pillows so as to not overwhelm the vocals. A neighbor's pet dog stopped many takes by barking. "Everytime the dog barked next door, I'd have to go out and shut him up, and then we'd do another take," remembered Williams. Williams performs piano on the track, with Preston Epps on bongos (though this unconfirmed), as well as an unknown drummer.

Earth Angel [SEP] Background

The drums were muffled with pillows so as to not overwhelm the vocals. A neighbor's pet dog stopped many takes by barking. "Everytime the dog barked next door, I'd have to go out and shut him up, and then we'd do another take," remembered Williams. Williams performs piano on the track, with Preston Epps on bongos (though this unconfirmed), as well as an unknown drummer. The song is composed in the key of A-flat major and is set in time signature of common time with a tempo of 76 beats per minute. Duncan's vocal range spans from F to G.


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Context: what musical instruments were played in the background of this track?

Context: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Question: on which chart did this track feature amongst the top 10?

Answer: "Billboard" national pop charts

Earth Angel [SEP] Introduction

The song grew out of Southern California and spread across the United States over the winter of 1954–55. "Earth Angel" became the first independent label release to appear on "Billboard" national pop charts, where it peaked within the top 10. It was a big hit on the magazine's R&B charts, where it remained number one for several weeks. A cover version by white vocal group the Crew-Cuts peaked higher on the pop charts, reaching number three. More cover versions followed, including recordings by Gloria Mann, Tiny Tim, and Johnny Tillotson. The song made an appearance in the movie "Back to the Future" with the band Marvin Berry & The Starlighters.


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Context: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Context: on which chart did this track feature amongst the top 10?

Context: "Billboard" national pop charts

Question: from which album does this track belong?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Earth Angel [SEP] Introduction


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Context: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Context: "Billboard" national pop charts

Context: from which album does this track belong?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was this track released?

Answer: October 1954

Explanation: "Earth Angel", occasionally referred to as "Earth Angel (Will You Be Mine)", is a song by American doo-wop group the Penguins. Produced by Dootsie Williams, it was released as their debut single in October 1954 on Dootone Records.

Earth Angel [SEP] Introduction


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Context: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Context: "Billboard" national pop charts

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this track released?

Context: October 1954

Question: what are the names of the band members who performed this track?

Answer: Cleveland Duncan,  Curtis Williams, Jesse Belvin,Gaynel Hodge, tenor Dexter Tisby, and baritone Bruce Tate

Explanation: The Penguins—composed of lead vocalist Cleveland Duncan, bass Curtis Williams, tenor Dexter Tisby, and baritone Bruce Tate—formed at Fremont High School in Los Angeles, California in 1953. The group named themselves after the Kool cigarette advertising mascot. Williams and Gaynel Hodge were previously members of The Hollywood Flames, where they began writing "Earth Angel" with mentor Jesse Belvin, a Jefferson High graduate

Earth Angel [SEP] Background


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Context: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Context: "Billboard" national pop charts

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this track released?

Context: October 1954

Context: what are the names of the band members who performed this track?

Context: Cleveland Duncan,  Curtis Williams, Jesse Belvin,Gaynel Hodge, tenor Dexter Tisby, and baritone Bruce Tate

Question: when did the band form?

Answer: The Penguins group formed on 1950s and early 1960s

The Penguins [SEP] Introduction

The Penguins were an American doo-wop group of the 1950s and early 1960s, best remembered for their only Top 40 hit, "Earth Angel", which was one of the first rhythm and blues hits to cross over to the pop charts. The song peaked at #8 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, but had a three-week run at #1 on the R&B chart, later used in the "Back to the Future" movies. The group's tenor was Cleveland Duncan.


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Context: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Context: "Billboard" national pop charts

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this track released?

Context: October 1954

Context: when did the band form?

Context: The Penguins group formed on 1950s and early 1960s

Question: what other songs or albums did they create?

Answer: "Hey Senorita",  "A Christmas prayer" with "Jingle jangle."

Explanation: Dootone Records released The Penguins' single "Hey Senorita" in late 1954 as the intended A-side, but a radio DJ flipped the record over to the B-side: "Earth Angel" worked its way up to #1 on the "Billboard" R&B chart (the only Penguins song to chart that high), and held that place for three weeks early in 1955. By 1966 the disc had sold four million copies. The Penguins followed up this hit with a Christmas release "A Christmas prayer" with "Jingle jangle."

The Penguins [SEP] Early career

The Penguins were one of a number of doo-wop groups of the period named after birds (such as The Orioles, The Flamingos, and The Crows). One of the members smoked Kool cigarettes, which, at the time, had "Willie the Penguin" as its cartoon advertising character. They considered themselves "cool", and accordingly decided to call themselves "The Penguins". Dootone Records released The Penguins' single "Hey Senorita" in late 1954 as the intended A-side, but a radio DJ flipped the record over to the B-side: "Earth Angel" worked its way up to #1 on the "Billboard" R&B chart (the only Penguins song to chart that high), and held that place for three weeks early in 1955.


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Context: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Context: "Billboard" national pop charts

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this track released?

Context: October 1954

Context: when did the band form?

Context: what other songs or albums did they create?

Context: "Hey Senorita",  "A Christmas prayer" with "Jingle jangle."

Question: is this band still active today?

Answer: The group broke up in 1962,  by the late 1960s, the group was being billed as the "Fabulous Penguins", and featured Duncan, Walker, and new member Rudy Wilson. By the 1970s, the members were Duncan, the returning Walter Saulsberry, and new member Glenn Madison, formerly of the Delcos (Indiana). This was the current line up of the group until 2012.

Explanation:
The group broke up in 1962. Cleveland Duncan continued recording as "The Penguins", with new member Walter Saulsberry and a backing group, the Viceroys. Later, the group was Duncan, Saulsberry, Vesta and Evelyn King, and Vera Walker. (Duncan and the King sisters had recorded a record as "Cleve Duncan and the Radiants" in 1959.) By the late 1960s, the group was being billed as the "Fabulous Penguins", and featured Duncan, Walker, and new member Rudy Wilson. By the 1970s, the members were Duncan, the returning Walter Saulsberry, and new member Glenn Madison, formerly of the Delcos (Indiana). This was the current line up of the group until 2012.

The group performed on the PBS television special, "Doo Wop 50". Duncan, Madison, and Saulsberry also performed with Randy Jones as guest, in 2001. It was planned for Jones to appear with the Penguins the following year but he suffered a stroke while rehearsing with the group and died shortly thereafter. Jones also performed with the reunited Jac

The Penguins [SEP] Later years


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Context: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Context: "Billboard" national pop charts

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this track released?

Context: October 1954

Context: when did the band form?

Context: is this band still active today?

Context: The group broke up in 1962,  by the late 1960s, the group was being billed as the "Fabulous Penguins", and featured Duncan, Walker, and new member Rudy Wilson. By the 1970s, the members were Duncan, the returning Walter Saulsberry, and new member Glenn Madison, formerly of the Delcos (Indiana). This was the current line up of the group until 2012.

Question: with reference to the track discussed earlier, was it used in some films or tv shows?

Answer: Yes, used in the  "Back to the Future" movies

Explanation: "Earth Angel", which was one of the first rhythm and blues hits to cross over to the pop charts. The song peaked at #8 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, but had a three-week run at #1 on the R&B chart, later used in the "Back to the Future" movies.

The Penguins [SEP] Introduction


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Context: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Context: "Billboard" national pop charts

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this track released?

Context: October 1954

Context: when did the band form?

Context: is this band still active today?

Context: with reference to the track discussed earlier, was it used in some films or tv shows?

Context: Yes, used in the  "Back to the Future" movies

Question: who directed the above movie?

Answer: Robert Zemeckis

Back to the Future [SEP] Introduction

Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover, and Thomas F. Wilson. Set in 1985, Fox portrays Marty McFly, a teenager accidentally sent back in time to 1955 in a time-traveling DeLorean automobile built by his eccentric scientist friend Doctor Emmett "Doc" Brown. Trapped in the past, Marty inadvertently prevents his future parents' meeting— threatening his very existence—and is forced to reconcile the pair and somehow get back to the future. The outline of "Back to the Future" originated in 1980 after Gale found his father's school yearbook; he wondered if he and his father would have been friends as youths.


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Context: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Context: "Billboard" national pop charts

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this track released?

Context: October 1954

Context: when did the band form?

Context: is this band still active today?

Context: who directed the above movie?

Context: Robert Zemeckis

Question: what type of motion picture was it?

Answer: Science fiction film

Explanation: Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction film

Back to the Future [SEP] Introduction


Context: American doo-wop group the Penguins

Context: who wrote the lyrics?

Context: Williams, Gaynel Hodge and Jesse Belvin

Context: Bass guitar, drums, piano

Context: "Billboard" national pop charts

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this track released?

Context: October 1954

Context: when did the band form?

Context: is this band still active today?

Context: who directed the above movie?

Context: Robert Zemeckis

Context: what type of motion picture was it?

Context: Science fiction film

Question: what are the names of the actors featured in that motion picture?

Answer: Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover, and Thomas F. Wilson.

Explanation: It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover, and Thomas F. Wilson.

Back to the Future [SEP] Introduction