Question: what is an enzyme?

Answer: Enzymes are Proteins that act as biological catalysts

Enzyme [SEP] Introduction

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts (biocatalysts). Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called "enzymology" and a new field of pseudoenzyme analysis has recently grown up, recognising that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties.


Context: what is an enzyme?

Context: Enzymes are Proteins that act as biological catalysts

Question: who discovered it?

Answer: Anselme Payen

Enzyme [SEP] Etymology and history

By the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the digestion of meat by stomach secretions and the conversion of starch to sugars by plant extracts and saliva were known but the mechanisms by which these occurred had not been identified. French chemist Anselme Payen was the first to discover an enzyme, diastase, in 1833. A few decades later, when studying the fermentation of sugar to alcohol by yeast, Louis Pasteur concluded that this fermentation was caused by a vital force contained within the yeast cells called "ferments", which were thought to function only within living organisms. He wrote that "alcoholic fermentation is an act correlated with the life and organization of the yeast cells, not with the death or putrefaction of the cells." In 1877, German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne (1837–1900) first used the term "enzyme", which comes from Greek ἔνζυμον, "leavened" or "in yeast", to describe this process.


Context: what is an enzyme?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Anselme Payen

Question: was he the same person who gave the name?

Answer: No, German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne first used the term "enzyme"

Explanation: In 1877, German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne (1837–1900) first used the term "enzyme",

Enzyme [SEP] Etymology and history


Context: what is an enzyme?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Anselme Payen

Context: was he the same person who gave the name?

Context: No, German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne first used the term "enzyme"

Question: name some factors that affect it's activity?

Answer: Temperature, pH, substrate concentration

Enzyme [SEP] Factors affecting enzyme activity

As enzymes are made up of proteins, their actions are sensitive to change in many physio chemical factors such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration, etc. The following table shows pH optima for various enzymes.


Context: what is an enzyme?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Anselme Payen

Context: name some factors that affect it's activity?

Context: Temperature, pH, substrate concentration

Question: what functions do they perform?

Answer: Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types

Explanation: Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts (biocatalysts). Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions.

Enzyme [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is an enzyme?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Anselme Payen

Context: what functions do they perform?

Context: Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types

Question: what did the physiologist start his career as?

Answer: He was put in charge of the chemical department of the pathological laboratory at Berlin, under Rudolf Virchow

Wilhelm Kühne [SEP] Biography

Kühne was born at Hamburg on 28 March 1837. After attending the gymnasium in Lüneburg, he went to Göttingen, where his master in chemistry was Friedrich Wöhler and in physiology Rudolph Wagner. Having graduated in 1856, he studied under various famous physiologists, including Emil du Bois-Reymond at Berlin, Claude Bernard in Paris, and KFW Ludwig and EW von Brücke in Vienna. At the end of 1863 he was put in charge of the chemical department of the pathological laboratory at Berlin, under Rudolf Virchow; in 1868 he was appointed professor of physiology at Amsterdam; and in 1871 he was chosen to succeed Hermann von Helmholtz in the same capacity at Heidelberg, where he died on 10 June 1900.


Context: what is an enzyme?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Anselme Payen

Context: what functions do they perform?

Context: what did the physiologist start his career as?

Context: He was put in charge of the chemical department of the pathological laboratory at Berlin, under Rudolf Virchow

Question: were there any notable persons guided by him?

Answer: Yes, José Rizal and Ida Henrietta Hyde

Explanation:
José Rizal (1861–1896), martyr and national hero of the Philippines, learned physiology under Professor Kühne at the Heidelberg University in 1886.

Ida Henrietta Hyde (1857–1945) wanted to study physiology under Kühne at the University of Heidelberg on the recommendation of Professor Alexander Goette at Strasbourg. The University accepted her, but Willhelm Kühne refused to allow her in lectures and laboratories. He is reported to have said that he would never allow "skirts" in his classes. However, when a colleague asked him whether, if at the end of the course she could pass the examination, he would grant her the degree, he jokingly replied that he would. And so for six semesters, she had to study physiology independent of the classroom and of hands-on laboratory projects, using only his assistants' notes and lab sketches. Finally, a four-hour oral examination by Kühne's academic committee, proved her worthiness. The "summa cum laude" degree, the highest honors, could not go to a wo

Wilhelm Kühne [SEP] Some notable students


Context: what is an enzyme?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Anselme Payen

Context: what functions do they perform?

Context: were there any notable persons guided by him?

Context: Yes, José Rizal and Ida Henrietta Hyde

Question: where is the former from?

Answer: Philippines

José Rizal [SEP] Introduction

José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is tagged as the national hero ("pambansang bayani") of the Filipino people. An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement, which advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain. He was executed by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of after the Philippine Revolution, inspired in part by his writings, broke out. Though he was not actively involved in its planning or conduct, he ultimately approved of its goals which eventually led to Philippine independence.


Context: what is an enzyme?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Anselme Payen

Context: what functions do they perform?

Context: Yes, José Rizal and Ida Henrietta Hyde

Context: where is the former from?

Context: Philippines

Question: what is his profession?

Answer: Ophthalmologist

Explanation: An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement, which advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain.

José Rizal [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is an enzyme?

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Anselme Payen

Context: what functions do they perform?

Context: Yes, José Rizal and Ida Henrietta Hyde

Context: where is the former from?

Context: Philippines

Context: what is his profession?

Context: Ophthalmologist

Question: is he a writer too?

Answer: Yes

José Rizal [SEP] Works and writings

Rizal wrote mostly in Spanish, the lingua franca of the Spanish East Indies, though some of his letters (for example "Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga Malolos") were written in Tagalog. His works have since been translated into a number of languages including Tagalog and English.


Question: aims and objectives of uno and its organs

Answer: The organization's objectives include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law.

Explanation: The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations. Pursuant to the Charter, the organization's objectives include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; with the addition of South Sudan in 2011, membership is now 193, representing almost all of the world's sovereign states.

United Nations [SEP] Introduction

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world. The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City, with its other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague. The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations.


Context: aims and objectives of uno and its organs

Context: The organization's objectives include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law.

Question: where is it headquartered?

Answer: New York City

Explanation: Four of the five principal organs are located at the main UN Headquarters in New York City. The International Court of Justice is located in The Hague, while other major agencies are based in the UN offices at Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi. Other UN institutions are located throughout the world. The s

United Nations [SEP] Structure

The six official languages of the UN, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. On the basis of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, the UN and its agencies are immune from the laws of the countries where they operate, safeguarding the UN's impartiality with regard to the host and member countries. Below the six organs sit, in the words of the author Linda Fasulo, "an amazing collection of entities and organizations, some of which are actually older than the UN itself and operate with almost complete independence from it".


Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: New York City

Question: when was this organization established?

Answer: The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations

Explanation: The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took

United Nations [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: New York City

Context: when was this organization established?

Context: The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations

Question: has the organization or any of the individuals received any award?

Answer: A number of agencies and individuals associated with the UN have won the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of their work. Two Secretaries-General, Dag Hammarskjöld, and Kofi Annan, were each awarded the prize (in 1961 and 2001, respectively), as were Ralph Bunche (1950), a UN negotiator, René Cassin (1968), a contributor to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the US Secretary of State Cordell Hull (1945),

United Nations [SEP] Awards

A number of agencies and individuals associated with the UN have won the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of their work. Two Secretaries-General, Dag Hammarskjöld, and Kofi Annan, were each awarded the prize (in 1961 and 2001, respectively), as were Ralph Bunche (1950), a UN negotiator, René Cassin (1968), a contributor to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the US Secretary of State Cordell Hull (1945), the latter for his role in the organization's founding. Lester B. Pearson, the Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs, was awarded the prize in 1957 for his role in organizing the UN's first peacekeeping force to resolve the Suez Crisis.


Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: New York City

Context: when was this organization established?

Context: has the organization or any of the individuals received any award?

Context: A number of agencies and individuals associated with the UN have won the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of their work. Two Secretaries-General, Dag Hammarskjöld, and Kofi Annan, were each awarded the prize (in 1961 and 2001, respectively), as were Ralph Bunche (1950), a UN negotiator, René Cassin (1968), a contributor to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the US Secretary of State Cordell Hull (1945),

Question: what can you tell me about its funding?

Answer: The UN is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from member states. The General Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assessment for each member. This is broadly based on the relative capacity of each country to pay, as measured by its gross national income (GNI), with adjustments for external debt and low per capita income.

United Nations [SEP] Funding

The UN budget for 2020 was $3.1 billion, but additional resources are donated by members, such as peacekeeping forces. The UN is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from member states. The General Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assessment for each member. This is broadly based on the relative capacity of each country to pay, as measured by its gross national income (GNI), with adjustments for external debt and low per capita income. The Assembly has established the principle that the UN should not be unduly dependent on any one member to finance its operations. Thus, there is a "ceiling" rate, setting the maximum amount that any member can be assessed for the regular budget.


Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: New York City

Context: when was this organization established?

Context: what can you tell me about its funding?

Context: The UN is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from member states. The General Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assessment for each member. This is broadly based on the relative capacity of each country to pay, as measured by its gross national income (GNI), with adjustments for external debt and low per capita income.

Question: you mentioned a war after which this organization established, can you tell me the powers involved in that war?

Answer: It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis

Explanation: World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. In a state of total war, directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 70 to 85 million fatalities. Tens of millions of people died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), premeditated death from starvation, massacres, and disease. Aircraft played a major

World War II [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: New York City

Context: when was this organization established?

Context: what can you tell me about its funding?

Context: you mentioned a war after which this organization established, can you tell me the powers involved in that war?

Question: how long did the war last?

Answer: 1939 to 1945.

Explanation: World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. In a state of total war, directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, mar

World War II [SEP] Introduction

Japan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific, was at war with the Republic of China by 1937. In December 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack on the United States as well as European colonies in East Asia and the Pacific. Following an immediate US declaration of war against Japan, supported by one from the UK, the European Axis powers declared war on the United States in solidarity with their ally. Japan soon captured much of the Western Pacific, but its advances were halted in 1942 after losing the critical Battle of Midway; later, Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union.


Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: New York City

Context: when was this organization established?

Context: what can you tell me about its funding?

Context: how long did the war last?

Context: 1939 to 1945.

Question: what was the main reason of this war?

Answer: With  the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom

Explanation: World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, with the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and

World War II [SEP] Introduction

Key setbacks in 1943—including a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and Italy, and Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis its initiative and forced it into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and turned towards Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945, Japan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands.


Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: New York City

Context: when was this organization established?

Context: what can you tell me about its funding?

Context: how long did the war last?

Context: 1939 to 1945.

Context: what was the main reason of this war?

Context: With  the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom

Question: what were  the number of casualties in this war?

Answer: 70 to 85 million fatalities

Explanation: World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. In a state of total war, directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 70 to 85 million fatalities. Tens of millions of people died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), premeditated death from starvation, massacres, and disease. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, including in the use of strategic bombing of population centres, and the only uses of nuclear weapons in

World War II [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: New York City

Context: when was this organization established?

Context: what can you tell me about its funding?

Context: how long did the war last?

Context: 1939 to 1945.

Context: what was the main reason of this war?

Context: what were  the number of casualties in this war?

Context: 70 to 85 million fatalities

Question: what was the result of this war?

Answer: Germany lost a quarter of its pre-war (1937) territory and United Nations was established

Explanation: Germany lost a quarter of its pre-war (1937) territory. Among the eastern territories, Silesia, Neumark and most of Pomerania were taken over by Poland, and East Prussia was divided between Poland and the Soviet Union, followed by the expulsion to Germany of the nine million Germans from these provinces, as well as three million Germans from the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. By the 1950s, one-fifth of West Germans were refugees from the east. The Soviet Union also too

World War II [SEP] Aftermath

By the 1950s, one-fifth of West Germans were refugees from the east. The Soviet Union also took over the Polish provinces east of the Curzon line, from which 2 million Poles were expelled; north-east Romania, parts of eastern Finland, and the three Baltic states were incorporated into the Soviet Union. In an effort to maintain world peace, the Allies formed the United Nations, which officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, and adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 as a common standard for all member nations. The great powers that were the victors of the war—France, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States—became the permanent members of the UN's Security Council.


Question: what is epacris impressa?

Answer: It is a plant of the heath family, Ericaceae.

Epacris impressa [SEP] Introduction

Epacris impressa, also known as common heath, is a plant of the heath family, Ericaceae, that is native to southeast Australia (the states of Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and New South Wales). French botanist Jacques Labillardière collected the species in 1793 and described it in 1805. Four forms have been identified, but no subspecies are recognised. Growing in heathland, shrubland or open forest, it is generally a small shrub around tall, with small stiff leaves. The red, pink or white tube-like flowers appear from late autumn to early spring. Honeyeater birds, particularly the eastern spinebill, feed upon the nectar of the flowers.


Context: what is epacris impressa?

Context: It is a plant of the heath family, Ericaceae.

Question: which region will you find them in?

Answer: Southeast Australia (the states of Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and New South Wales).

Explanation: that is native to southeast Australia (the states of Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and New South Wales).

Epacris impressa [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is epacris impressa?

Context: which region will you find them in?

Context: Southeast Australia (the states of Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and New South Wales).

Question: what is the color of their flowers?

Answer: Red, pink or white.

Explanation: The red, pink or white tube-like flowers appear from late autumn to early spring.

Epacris impressa [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is epacris impressa?

Context: which region will you find them in?

Context: what is the color of their flowers?

Context: Red, pink or white.

Question: how big are those blossoms?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Epacris impressa [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is epacris impressa?

Context: which region will you find them in?

Context: what is the color of their flowers?

Context: Red, pink or white.

Context: how big are those blossoms?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who was the first biologist to identify them?

Answer: 1793.

Epacris impressa [SEP] Taxonomy

The type specimen of common heath was collected in 1793 by French botanist Jacques Labillardière in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) during a voyage with Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux. Labillardière described it in his 1805 work "Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen", giving it its current name "Epacris impressa". The Latin specific epithet "impressa" (meaning "impressed" or "indented") alludes to the indentations on the floral tube. The original mounted specimen is currently held at the National Herbarium of Victoria at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne. A number of specimens once described as separate species are now regarded as "Epacris impressa", with no recognised subspecies.


Context: what is epacris impressa?

Context: which region will you find them in?

Context: what is the color of their flowers?

Context: Red, pink or white.

Context: how big are those blossoms?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who was the first biologist to identify them?

Question: are they used as symbols to represent somethings?

Answer: Yes, the official floral emblem for the state of Victoria.

Epacris impressa [SEP] Floral emblem of Victoria

At a meeting of representatives of government and other bodies in 1951 it was agreed that the pink form of the common heath, the "pink heath", be adopted as the official floral emblem for the state of Victoria. Victoria was the first Australian state to adopt a floral emblem. The proclamation, made on 11 November 1958 by Governor Dallas Brooks, was as follows: An Australian stamp issue of state floral emblems was issued in 1968, including the pink heath which was featured on the 13 cent stamp. In 2014 a 70-cent stamp labelled as "Common Heath" was issued. The pink heath is also depicted on the Victorian driver's licence.


Context: what is epacris impressa?

Context: which region will you find them in?

Context: what is the color of their flowers?

Context: Red, pink or white.

Context: how big are those blossoms?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are they used as symbols to represent somethings?

Context: Yes, the official floral emblem for the state of Victoria.

Question: name some rivers in that state.

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: what is epacris impressa?

Context: which region will you find them in?

Context: what is the color of their flowers?

Context: Red, pink or white.

Context: how big are those blossoms?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name some rivers in that state.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you name a few plants that belong to that plant family?

Answer: Cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry and rhododendron.

Ericaceae [SEP] Introduction

The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acid and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c. 4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most species-rich family of flowering plants. The many well-known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers ("Erica", "Cassiope", "Daboecia", and "Calluna" for example).


Context: what is epacris impressa?

Context: which region will you find them in?

Context: what is the color of their flowers?

Context: Red, pink or white.

Context: how big are those blossoms?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name some rivers in that state.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you name a few plants that belong to that plant family?

Context: Cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry and rhododendron.

Question: what are the medicinal uses of the first plant mentioned above?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Ericaceae [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is epacris impressa?

Context: which region will you find them in?

Context: what is the color of their flowers?

Context: Red, pink or white.

Context: how big are those blossoms?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name some rivers in that state.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are the medicinal uses of the first plant mentioned above?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: name some of the chemical compounds containing in that first plant.

Answer: Polyphenols – including proanthocyanidins, flavonols and quercetin.

Cranberry [SEP] Phytochemicals

Raw cranberries, cranberry juice and cranberry extracts are a source of polyphenols – including proanthocyanidins, flavonols and quercetin. These phytochemical compounds are being studied in vivo and in vitro for possible effects on the cardiovascular system, immune system and cancer. However, there is no confirmation from human studies that consuming cranberry polyphenols provides anti-cancer, immune, or cardiovascular benefits. Potential is limited by poor absorption and rapid excretion. Cranberry juice contains a high molecular weight non-dializable material that is under research for its potential to affect formation of plaque by "Streptococcus mutans" pathogens that cause tooth decay. Cranberry juice components are also being studied for possible effects on kidney stone formation.


Question: what is through the looking glass?

Answer: It is the third-season finale of the ABC television series "Lost".

Through the Looking Glass (Lost) [SEP] Introduction

"Through the Looking Glass" is the third-season finale of the ABC television series "Lost", consisting of the 22nd and 23rd episodes of the third season. It is also the 71st and 72nd episodes overall. It was written by co-creator/executive producer Damon Lindelof and executive producer Carlton Cuse, and directed by executive producer Jack Bender. When first aired on May 23, 2007, in the United States and Canada, it was watched by an average of 14 million American viewers. Like the previous two season finales, it was two hours long with advertisements, twice the length of a normal episode. It was edited into two individual episodes when released on DVD.


Context: what is through the looking glass?

Context: It is the third-season finale of the ABC television series "Lost".

Question: who is its director?

Answer: Jack Bender

Explanation: It is also the 71st and 72nd episodes overall. It was written by co-creator/executive producer Damon Lindelof and executive producer Carlton Cuse, and directed by executive producer Jack Bender.


Context: what is through the looking glass?

Context: who is its director?

Context: Jack Bender

Question: when was it created?

Answer: 2007

Through the Looking Glass (Lost) [SEP] Production

The episode's title is an allusion to Lewis Carroll's novel "Through the Looking-Glass" and a reference to the fictitious Dharma Initiative station featured in the previous episode. Shooting began on April 13, 2007 and ended on May 7, 2007. The writers were so far behind schedule that parts of the episode were shot while later parts were still being written. Filming mostly took place on Oahu, Hawaii, with additional scenes shot in Los Angeles. The hospital scenes were filmed on the same sets used for the ABC show "Grey's Anatomy". Despite not being mentioned in the official press release, then-15-year-old Malcolm David Kelley returned to reprise his role as 10-year-old Walt Lloyd, and received credit as a "special guest star".


Context: what is through the looking glass?

Context: who is its director?

Context: Jack Bender

Context: when was it created?

Question: who are the main characters?

Answer: Jack Shephard

Through the Looking Glass (Lost) [SEP] Plot

The episode begins its narrative in late December 2004, over ninety days after the crash of Oceanic Airlines Flight 815. The battle between the crash survivors and the dangerous and mysterious island inhabitants referred to as the "Others" comes to a head as ten of the Others attack and are then ambushed at the survivors' camp and are subsequently killed. Meanwhile, Jack Shephard (played by Matthew Fox) leads most of the survivors to the island's radio tower to communicate with a nearby ship. Intercut with this story are off-island scenes spotlighting Jack, who has become suicidally depressed and addicted to painkillers.


Context: what is through the looking glass?

Context: who is its director?

Context: Jack Bender

Context: when was it created?

Context: who are the main characters?

Context: Jack Shephard

Question: can you tell me more about this character?

Answer: He is played by Matthew Fox; the character was originally conceived by creator J. J. Abrams.

Jack Shephard [SEP] Introduction

Dr. Jack Shephard is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the ABC television series "Lost", played by Matthew Fox. "Lost" follows the journey of the survivors of Oceanic Flight 815 on a mysterious island and their attempts to survive and escape, slowly uncovering more of the much broader island history they are a part of. The character was originally conceived by creator J. J. Abrams, though the direction of storylines owes more to co-creator Damon Lindelof and fellow showrunner Carlton Cuse. Abrams, the creator of "Lost", once told "Entertainment Weekly", "Jack Shephard may be the greatest leader in any television series." Actor Matthew Fox would have some influence on the character during the course of the series' production.


Context: what is through the looking glass?

Context: who is its director?

Context: Jack Bender

Context: when was it created?

Context: who are the main characters?

Context: Jack Shephard

Context: can you tell me more about this character?

Context: He is played by Matthew Fox; the character was originally conceived by creator J. J. Abrams.

Question: what response did the character receive?

Answer: Critical and viewer opinion has been positive.

Jack Shephard [SEP] Reception

Critical and viewer opinion has been positive for Matthew Fox's Jack Shephard. "BuddyTV" praised Matthew Fox's lead role performance in "Through the Looking Glass" as "Emmy worthy" "The San Diego Union-Tribune"'s Karla Peterson praised Fox's work in "Something Nice Back Home", "The Palm Beach Post"'s Kevin Thompson "thought [that] Matthew [Fox] did a nice job conveying a wide range of emotions—scared, haunted, frustration, jealousy, just to name a few" in the same episode. Matthew Fox won a Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Dramatic Television Series for his role as Jack in 2004. He was nominated for a Golden Globe in 2006 for Best Actor in a television series – Drama and a Television Critics Association award in 2005 for Individual Achievement in Drama.


Context: what is through the looking glass?

Context: who is its director?

Context: Jack Bender

Context: when was it created?

Context: who are the main characters?

Context: Jack Shephard

Context: what response did the character receive?

Context: Critical and viewer opinion has been positive.

Question: what is the series about?

Answer: It follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner after the plane crashes on a mysterious island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean.

Lost (TV series) [SEP] Introduction

Lost is an American drama television series that originally aired on ABC from September 22, 2004, to May 23, 2010, over six seasons, comprising a total of 121 episodes. The show contains elements of supernatural and science fiction, and follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner flying between Sydney and Los Angeles, after the plane crashes on a mysterious island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean. The story is told in a heavily serialized manner. Episodes typically feature a primary storyline set on the island, augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences which provide additional insight into the involved characters.


Question: when was the hyborian war released?

Answer: 1985

Hyborian War [SEP] Introduction

Hyborian War is a play-by-mail game published by Reality Simulations, Inc. It takes place during the Hyborian Age in the world of Conan the Barbarian created by Robert E. Howard. The game has been continuously available for worldwide play since its inception in 1985 and has changed little in its overall format. It uses a computer program to adjudicate player orders. Although it relies on postal mail or email and has turnaround times which are relatively long for the digital age of video games, "Hyborian War" has remained active into the 21st century. The game is set within the heroic fantasy genre, also known as sword and sorcery.


Context: when was the hyborian war released?

Question: who published it?

Answer: Reality Simulations, Inc.

Explanation: Hyborian War is a play-by-mail game published by Reality Simulations, Inc. It takes place during the Hyborian Age in the world of Conan the Barbarian created by Robert E. Howard.

Hyborian War [SEP] Introduction


Context:
when was the hyborian war released?
1985
who published it?
Reality Simulations, Inc.

Question: can you mention some of the characters?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hyborian War [SEP] Introduction


Context:
when was the hyborian war released?
1985
who published it?
Reality Simulations, Inc.
can you mention some of the characters?
UNANSWERABLE

Question: who is the creator?

Answer: Robert E. Howard

Explanation: Hyborian War is a play-by-mail game published by Reality Simulations, Inc. It takes place during the Hyborian Age in the world of Conan the Barbarian created by Robert E. Howard

Hyborian War [SEP] Introduction


Context:
when was the hyborian war released?
1985
who published it?
Reality Simulations, Inc.
can you mention some of the characters?
UNANSWERABLE
who is the creator?
Robert E. Howard

Question: what is he known for?

Answer: He is well known for his character Conan the Barbarian.

Robert E. Howard [SEP] Introduction

Robert Ervin Howard (January 22, 1906June 11, 1936) was an American author who wrote pulp fiction in a diverse range of genres. He is well known for his character Conan the Barbarian and is regarded as the father of the sword and sorcery subgenre. Howard was born and raised in Texas. He spent most of his life in the town of Cross Plains, with some time spent in nearby Brownwood. A bookish and intellectual child, he was also a fan of boxing and spent some time in his late teens bodybuilding, eventually taking up amateur boxing. From the age of nine he dreamed of becoming a writer of adventure fiction but did not have real success until he was 23.


Context: when was the hyborian war released?

Context: who published it?

Context: Reality Simulations, Inc.

Context: can you mention some of the characters?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the creator?

Context: Robert E. Howard

Context: what is he known for?

Context: He is well known for his character Conan the Barbarian.

Question: has any of his works been adapted?

Answer: Adaptations have included "Kull the Conqueror" (1997) and "Solomon Kane" (2009).

Robert E. Howard [SEP] Adaptations

The works of Robert E. Howard have been adapted into multiple media, such as the two Conan films released in the 1980s starring Arnold Schwarzenegger. In addition to the Conan films, other adaptations have included "Kull the Conqueror" (1997) and "Solomon Kane" (2009). In television, the anthology series "Thriller" (1961) led the adaptations with an episode based on the short story "Pigeons from Hell". The bulk of the adaptations have, however, been based on Conan with two animated and one live action series. Multiple audio dramas have been adapted, from professional audio books and plays to LibriVox recordings of works in the public domain.


Context: when was the hyborian war released?

Context: who published it?

Context: Reality Simulations, Inc.

Context: can you mention some of the characters?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the creator?

Context: Robert E. Howard

Context: what is he known for?

Context: has any of his works been adapted?

Context: Adaptations have included "Kull the Conqueror" (1997) and "Solomon Kane" (2009).

Question: from which age does his well known character belong to?

Answer: Hyborian Age

Explanation: It takes place during the Hyborian Age in the world of Conan the Barbarian created by Robert E. Howard.

Hyborian War [SEP] Introduction


Context: when was the hyborian war released?

Context: who published it?

Context: Reality Simulations, Inc.

Context: can you mention some of the characters?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the creator?

Context: Robert E. Howard

Context: what is he known for?

Context: has any of his works been adapted?

Context: from which age does his well known character belong to?

Context: Hyborian Age

Question: can you mention any landmarks from here?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Hyborian War [SEP] Introduction


Context: when was the hyborian war released?

Context: who published it?

Context: Reality Simulations, Inc.

Context: can you mention some of the characters?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the creator?

Context: Robert E. Howard

Context: what is he known for?

Context: has any of his works been adapted?

Context: Hyborian Age

Context: can you mention any landmarks from here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are some of the works of conan's creator that were published?

Answer: "The Pit of the Serpent"

Robert E. Howard [SEP] Writing

Howard's first published poem was "", in an early 1923 issue of local newspaper "The Baylor United Statement". His first published story was "Spear and Fang", sold in late November 1924 and published in the July 1925 issue of the pulp magazine "Weird Tales". However, Howard's first real success was the Sailor Steve Costigan series of humorous boxing stories, beginning with "The Pit of the Serpent" published in the July 1929 issue of the pulp magazine "Fight Stories".


Context: when was the hyborian war released?

Context: who published it?

Context: Reality Simulations, Inc.

Context: can you mention some of the characters?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the creator?

Context: Robert E. Howard

Context: what is he known for?

Context: has any of his works been adapted?

Context: Hyborian Age

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some of the works of conan's creator that were published?

Context: "The Pit of the Serpent"

Question: when was this work published?

Answer: July 1929

Robert E. Howard [SEP] Writing


Question: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Answer: October 14, 2011

IPhone 4S [SEP] Introduction

The iPhone 4S (retroactively stylized with a lowercase 's' as iPhone 4s as of September 2013) is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the fifth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 4 and preceding the iPhone 5. It was announced on October 4, 2011, at Apple's Cupertino campus, and was the final Apple product announced in the lifetime of former Apple CEO and co-founder Steve Jobs, who died the following day. Orders could be placed on October 7, 2011, and mainstream availability in retail stores began on October 14, 2011 in the United States, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan.


Context:
when did the apple iphone 4s come out
October 14, 2011

Question: which company manufactures this smartphone?

Answer: Apple Inc

Explanation: The iPhone 4S (retroactively stylized with a lowercase 's' as iPhone 4s as of September 2013) is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc.

IPhone 4S [SEP] Introduction

Sales peaked over its predecessor with more than a million sales in the first twenty-four hours of order availability and more than four million sales in the first four days of retail availability. Further worldwide rollout, including 22 additional countries on October 28, came over the next several months. This iPhone was named "4S" where "S" stood for Siri an iPhone 4S-exclusive intelligent personal assistant that was later included in future generations of mobile Apple products. Retaining most of the external design of the iPhone 4, the 4S hosted major internal upgrades, including an upgrade to the Apple A5 chipset, and an 8-megapixel camera with 1080p video recording.


Context: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Context: October 14, 2011

Context: which company manufactures this smartphone?

Context: Apple Inc

Question: anything significant about the software used in this phone?

Answer: It debuted with iOS 5, the fifth major version of iOS, Apple's mobile operating system, that introduced features including iCloud, iMessage, Notification Center, Reminders, and Twitter integration.

Explanation: It debuted with iOS 5, the fifth major version of iOS, Apple's mobile operating system, that introduced features including iCloud, iMessage, Notification Center, Reminders, and Twitter integration.

IPhone 4S [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Context: October 14, 2011

Context: Apple Inc

Context: anything significant about the software used in this phone?

Context: It debuted with iOS 5, the fifth major version of iOS, Apple's mobile operating system, that introduced features including iCloud, iMessage, Notification Center, Reminders, and Twitter integration.

Question: was the product pulled into any controversy?

Answer: Yes, on December 22, 2015, Apple faced a class action lawsuit for crippling the iPhone 4S with the iOS 9 update with slow and buggy software or to pay hundreds of dollars on a new iPhone.

IPhone 4S [SEP] iOS 9 controversy

On June 8, 2015, Apple announced at the WWDC that the iPhone 4S would support iOS 9. This makes it the first iPhone to support 5 major versions of iOS, and the second iOS device to support 5 major versions (iOS 9 will support the iPad 2 as well, bringing its total up to six major versions of iOS supported). On December 22, 2015, Apple faced a class action lawsuit for crippling the iPhone 4S with the iOS 9 update with slow and buggy software or to pay hundreds of dollars on a new iPhone. On June 13, 2016, Apple announced that the iPhone 4S would not support iOS 10 due to hardware limitations.


Context: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Context: October 14, 2011

Context: Apple Inc

Context: was the product pulled into any controversy?

Context: Yes, on December 22, 2015, Apple faced a class action lawsuit for crippling the iPhone 4S with the iOS 9 update with slow and buggy software or to pay hundreds of dollars on a new iPhone.

Question: explain the notification feature mentioned above?

Answer: Notification Center is a feature in iOS and macOS that provides an overview of alerts from applications, it displays notifications until the user completes an associated action, rather than requiring instant resolution.

Notification Center [SEP] Introduction

Notification Center is a feature in iOS and macOS that provides an overview of alerts from applications. It displays notifications until the user completes an associated action, rather than requiring instant resolution. Users may choose what applications appear in Notification Center, and how they are handled. Initially released with iOS 5 in October 2011, Notification Center was made available on Macs as part of OS X Mountain Lion in July 2012.


Context: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Context: October 14, 2011

Context: Apple Inc

Context: explain the notification feature mentioned above?

Context: Notification Center is a feature in iOS and macOS that provides an overview of alerts from applications, it displays notifications until the user completes an associated action, rather than requiring instant resolution.

Question: who owns the company that manufactures the phone?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Notification Center [SEP] Introduction


Context: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Context: October 14, 2011

Context: Apple Inc

Context: who owns the company that manufactures the phone?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who were the founders?

Answer: Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne

Apple Inc. [SEP] Introduction

Its online services include the iTunes Store, the iOS App Store, Mac App Store, Apple Music, Apple TV+, iMessage, and iCloud. Other services include Apple Store, Genius Bar, AppleCare, Apple Pay, Apple Pay Cash, and Apple Card. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell Wozniak's Apple I personal computer, though Wayne sold his share back within 12 days. It was incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc., in January 1977, and sales of its computers, including the Apple II, grew quickly. Within a few years, Jobs and Wozniak had hired a staff of computer designers and had a production line.


Context: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Context: October 14, 2011

Context: Apple Inc

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were the founders?

Context: Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne

Question: which university did the first person attend?

Answer: Jobs enrolled at Reed College

Steve Jobs [SEP] Reed College

In September 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. He insisted on applying only to Reed although it was an expensive school that Paul and Clara could ill afford. Jobs soon befriended Robert Friedland, who was Reed's student body president at that time. Brennan remained involved with Jobs while he was at Reed. He later asked her to come and live with him in a house he rented near the Reed campus, but she refused. After just one semester, Jobs dropped out of Reed College without telling his parents. Jobs later explained that he decided to drop out because he did not want to spend his parents' money on an education that seemed meaningless to him.


Context: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Context: October 14, 2011

Context: Apple Inc

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were the founders?

Context: which university did the first person attend?

Context: Jobs enrolled at Reed College

Question: where did he have his first job?

Answer: Atari, Inc.

Steve Jobs [SEP] Pre-Apple

In February 1974, Jobs returned to his parents' home in Los Altos and began looking for a job. He was soon hired by Atari, Inc. in Los Gatos, California, which gave him a job as a technician. Back in 1973, Steve Wozniak designed his own version of the classic video game "Pong" and gave the board to Jobs. According to Wozniak, Atari only hired Jobs because he took the board down to the company, and they thought that he had built it himself. Atari's cofounder Nolan Bushnell later described him as "difficult but valuable", pointing out that "he was very often the smartest guy in the room, and he would let people know that." During this period, Jobs and Brennan remained involved with each other while continuing to see other people.


Context: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Context: October 14, 2011

Context: Apple Inc

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were the founders?

Context: Jobs enrolled at Reed College

Context: where did he have his first job?

Context: Atari, Inc.

Question: when was this founded?

Answer: 1972

Atari, Inc. [SEP] Introduction

Atari, Inc. was an American video game developer and home computer company founded in 1972 by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney. Primarily responsible for the formation of the video arcade and modern video game industry, the company assets were split in 1984 as a direct result of the video game crash of 1983, and the company was renamed first Atari Games, Inc. and then Atari Holdings, Inc. After 1985, when its coin-operated games division was sold to Namco and its arcade operations division was shut down, it remained a non-operating subsidiary of Warner Communications and its successor company, Time Warner, until it was merged into the parent company in 1992.


Context: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Context: October 14, 2011

Context: Apple Inc

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were the founders?

Context: Jobs enrolled at Reed College

Context: where did he have his first job?

Context: Atari, Inc.

Context: when was this founded?

Question: where is it headquartered?

Answer: Atari was headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, United States

Explanation: Atari was headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, United States, with a number of locations in Moffett Park were a number of buildings were used by Atari, Inc., the buildings that Atari once used were sold to different companies, or left abandoned.

Atari, Inc. [SEP] Headquarters


Context: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Context: October 14, 2011

Context: Apple Inc

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were the founders?

Context: Jobs enrolled at Reed College

Context: where did he have his first job?

Context: Atari, Inc.

Context: when was this founded?

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Atari was headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, United States

Question: was the college mentioned earlier every associated with drugs on campus?

Answer: Yes, since the 1960s, Reed has had a reputation for tolerating open drug use among its students.

Reed College [SEP] Drug use

Since the 1960s, Reed has had a reputation for tolerating open drug use among its students. "The Insider's Guide to the Colleges", written by the staff of "Yale Daily News", notes an impression among students of institutional permissiveness: "According to students, the school does not bust students for drug or alcohol use unless they cause harm or embarrassment to another student." In April 2008, student Alex Lluch died of a heroin overdose in his on-campus dorm room. His death prompted revelations of several previous incidents, including the near-death heroin overdose of another student only months earlier. College President Colin Diver said "I don't honestly know" whether the drug death was an isolated incident or part of a larger problem.


Context: when did the apple iphone 4s come out

Context: October 14, 2011

Context: Apple Inc

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were the founders?

Context: Jobs enrolled at Reed College

Context: where did he have his first job?

Context: Atari, Inc.

Context: when was this founded?

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: was the college mentioned earlier every associated with drugs on campus?

Context: Yes, since the 1960s, Reed has had a reputation for tolerating open drug use among its students.

Question: has any crime occurred in this college?

Answer: Yes, according to a "Washington Post" analysis of federal campus safety data from 2014, Reed College had 12.9 reports of rape per 1,000 students, the "highest total of reports of rape" per 1,000 students of any college in the nation on its main campus.

Reed College [SEP] Crime

According to a "Washington Post" analysis of federal campus safety data from 2014, Reed College had 12.9 reports of rape per 1,000 students, the "highest total of reports of rape" per 1,000 students of any college in the nation on its main campus. In 2012, Reed College had the third highest reported sexual assault rate among U.S. colleges and universities. It is unclear whether this high reporting rate arises from an environment that is more supportive of reporting by crime victims or due to a higher underlying rate of sexual assault. in 2013 there were 19 reported forcible sexual offenses among the approximately 1,400 students at the college.


Question: download lagu just the way you are cover

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) [SEP] Introduction

"Just the Way You Are" is the debut solo single by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars. It is the lead single from his debut studio album, "Doo-Wops & Hooligans" (2010). The song was written by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Khalil Walton and Needlz and produced by the former three, under their alias, The Smeezingtons along with Needlz. It was released in the United States to Contemporary hit radio on August 10, 2010. The track was released in the United Kingdom on September 19, 2010, as "Just the Way You Are (Amazing)". The song's lyrics compliment a woman's beauty. The debut single received mixed reviews from music critics, who praised The Smeezingtons' production, but dubbed its lyrics as sappy and corny.


Context: download lagu just the way you are cover

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Answer: Bruno Mars

Explanation: "Just the Way You Are" is the debut solo single by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Question: when was it released?

Answer: August 10, 2010

Explanation: It was released in the United States to Contemporary hit radio on August 10, 2010.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Question: were there any other co-singers for the song?

Answer: No

Explanation: "Just the Way You Are" is the debut solo single by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars. It is the lead single from his debut studio album, "Doo-Wops & Hooligans" (2010).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: were there any other co-singers for the song?

Context: No

Question: who was the recording label?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Answer: "Billboard" explained "Mars' lyrics aim to make female listeners feel nothing short of perfect in their own skin"

Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) [SEP] Composition and lyrical interpretation

Lyrically, the song is about Mars professing "his love for a beautiful girl who occupies his dreams". "Billboard" carries on with its explanation "Mars professes his love..."When you smile, the whole world stops and stares for a while/ 'Cause girl you're amazing, just the way you are". She concludes, "Mars' lyrics aim to make female listeners feel nothing short of perfect in their own skin". Byron said the lyrics are "effective – the repeated lines at the start of the verses are catchy". "Consequence of Sound"s Alex Young described the song "Mars sticks to the song's name and insists that he wouldn't want to change anything about his particular gal.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: "Billboard" explained "Mars' lyrics aim to make female listeners feel nothing short of perfect in their own skin"

Question: how was it received?

Answer: It received mixed reviews from music critics, who praised The Smeezingtons’ production, but dubbed its lyrics as sappy and corny

Explanation: The debut single received mixed reviews from music critics, who praised The Smeezingtons’ production, but dubbed its lyrics as sappy and corny.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: how was it received?

Context: It received mixed reviews from music critics, who praised The Smeezingtons’ production, but dubbed its lyrics as sappy and corny

Question: were there any other critics?

Answer: Yes, "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine

Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) [SEP] Reception and accolades

The song has received mixed reviews from music critics. "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine gave the song four out of five stars and described it as a "huge-hearted urbany piano ballad" and compared its sound to "Empire State of Mind" by Alicia Keys. "Billboard" wrote: "Mars professes his love for a beautiful girl who occupies his dreams [...] with its steady, danceable pulse and singalong chorus, Mars has created a feel-good jam that should establish him as a solo contender in his own right." Alex Young from "Consequence of Sound" praised the track's chorus for being "undeniably catchy" and didn't find surprising for the single to be a "radio staple".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: how was it received?

Context: were there any other critics?

Context: Yes, "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine

Question: which awards did it win?

Answer: Yes, Grammy Award, ASCAP Pop Music Awards to name a few

Explanation: In 2011, the song won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. The single was nominated for several awards at 2011 Billboard Music Awards such as Top Hot 100 Song and Top Pop Song, but it ended up by winning only the category Top Radio Song. It was nominated for Choice Music: Love Song at the 2011 Teen Choice Awards. In the same year, the single was one of the winners of Most Performed Songs at ASCAP Pop Music Awards. In 2012, at the same award ceremony, it won, again, Most Performed Songs and also Song of the Year. At the RTHK International Pop Poll Awards the song won "Top 10 Gold International Gold Songs".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: how was it received?

Context: were there any other critics?

Context: Yes, "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: Yes, Grammy Award, ASCAP Pop Music Awards to name a few

Question: what does "ascap" stand for?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: how was it received?

Context: were there any other critics?

Context: Yes, "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: what does "ascap" stand for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: was the original song performed live?

Answer: Yes, at "Saturday Night Live" and "The Ellen DeGeneres Show"

The music video, directed by Ethan Lader, was released on September 8, 2010 and features Peruvian born Australian actress Nathalie Kelley. Mars performed "Just The Way You Are" at "Saturday Night Live" and at "The Ellen DeGeneres Show". He has sang "Just the Way You Are" on all his tours since 2010, usually as an encore, and included it during his performance at the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show. The song has been covered by various recording artists and it inspired Meghan Trainor's debut single "All About That Bass".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: how was it received?

Context: were there any other critics?

Context: Yes, "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: what does "ascap" stand for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the original song performed live?

Context: Yes, at "Saturday Night Live" and "The Ellen DeGeneres Show"

Question: which musicians have covered this song?

Answer: Nathan Sykes

Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) [SEP] Cover versions and usage on other media

"Just the Way You Are" has been covered several times. It was first covered by Nathan Sykes from The Wanted, The Saturdays at BBC Radio 1's "Live Lounge" on October 29, 2010. San Diego-based formed band, Pierce the Veil covered the track for the compilation album "Punk Goes Pop 4", which was released on November 21, 2011. It was performed by Cory Monteith on "Furt", an episode of the American TV show "Glee" which aired on November 23, 2010. The show's cover version achieved moderate success by peaking at number 24 in Canada. It reached number 40 in the United States, 47 in Australia and number 48 in Ireland.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: how was it received?

Context: were there any other critics?

Context: Yes, "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: what does "ascap" stand for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the original song performed live?

Context: which musicians have covered this song?

Context: Nathan Sykes

Question: has it been used on other media?

Answer: The original version of Karlos Rosé cover is featured in the movie "Pitch Perfect"

Explanation: In 2012, Dominican musician Karlos Rosé covered the song in bachata as his debut single which peaked at number 31 on the "Billboard" Hot Latin Songs chart. The music video for his cover was filmed in New York City and directed by Robert Kruz. The original version is featured in the movie "Pitch Perfect" (2012).

The music video for his cover was filmed in New York City and directed by Robert Kruz. The original version is featured in the movie "Pitch Perfect" (2012). American singer Johnny Mathis covered the song in his album, "Johnny Mathis Sings the Great New American Songbook" (2017). In 2017, Mars participated in the "Somos Una Voz" relief initiative, created by Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony, in order to help survivors of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico and Mexico's 7.1 earthquake. To do so, he performed "Just the Way You Are" in Spanish for the first time. Dana International performed the song during the interval of the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: how was it received?

Context: were there any other critics?

Context: Yes, "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: what does "ascap" stand for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the original song performed live?

Context: which musicians have covered this song?

Context: Nathan Sykes

Context: has it been used on other media?

Context: The original version of Karlos Rosé cover is featured in the movie "Pitch Perfect"

Question: who is the producer?

Answer: The Smeezingtons along with Needlz

Explanation: The song was written by Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence, Ari Levine, Khalil Walton and Needlz and produced by the former three, under their alias, The Smeezingtons along with Needlz


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: how was it received?

Context: were there any other critics?

Context: Yes, "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: what does "ascap" stand for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the original song performed live?

Context: which musicians have covered this song?

Context: Nathan Sykes

Context: has it been used on other media?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: The Smeezingtons along with Needlz

Question: has the song been performed commercially?

Answer: Yes, reached the top of the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and spent a total of 48 weeks

Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song) [SEP] Commercial performance

The song reached the top of the US "Billboard" Hot 100 on the chart dated October 2, 2010, ending the two-week reign of Katy Perry's "Teenage Dream" (2010). The song spent a total of 48 weeks on the "Billboard" Hot 100, debuting on August 7, 2010 and leaving the chart on July 2, 2011. As of October 2015, the song had sold 6.7 million downloads domestically. The song was certified twelve times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It holds the record of the longest-reigning debut format on the Adult Contemporary, having spent 20 weeks atop. It first featured on the Greatest of All Time Hot 100 at number 79.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: how was it received?

Context: were there any other critics?

Context: Yes, "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: what does "ascap" stand for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the original song performed live?

Context: which musicians have covered this song?

Context: Nathan Sykes

Context: has it been used on other media?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: The Smeezingtons along with Needlz

Context: has the song been performed commercially?

Context: Yes, reached the top of the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and spent a total of 48 weeks

Question: name a few other songs by the singer?

Answer: "Grenade" and "The Lazy Song"

Bruno Mars [SEP] Introduction

After being dropped by Motown Records, Mars signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2009. In the same year, he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons, responsible for various successful singles for Mars himself and other artists. Mars rose to fame in 2010 with the release of the successful singles "Nothin' on You" by B.o.B and "Billionaire" by Travie McCoy, both of which featured his vocals on the hooks. His debut studio album "Doo-Wops & Hooligans" (2010) spawned the international number-one singles "Just the Way You Are", "Grenade", and "The Lazy Song". The former won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: how was it received?

Context: were there any other critics?

Context: Yes, "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: what does "ascap" stand for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the original song performed live?

Context: which musicians have covered this song?

Context: Nathan Sykes

Context: has it been used on other media?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: The Smeezingtons along with Needlz

Context: name a few other songs by the singer?

Context: "Grenade" and "The Lazy Song"

Question: what is his full real name?

Answer: Peter Gene Hernandez

Bruno Mars [SEP] Introduction

Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), known professionally as Bruno Mars, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, multi-instrumentalist, and dancer. He is known for his stage performances, retro showmanship, and for performing in a wide range of musical styles, including pop, R&B, funk, soul, reggae, hip hop, and rock. Mars is accompanied by his band, the Hooligans, who play a variety of instruments, such as electric guitar, bass, piano, keyboards, drums, and horns, and also serve as backup singers and dancers. Born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, Mars moved to Los Angeles in 2003 to pursue a musical career.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sang 'just the way your are'?

Context: Bruno Mars

Context: when was it released?

Context: August 10, 2010

Context: No

Context: who was the recording label?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are the lyrics interpreted?

Context: how was it received?

Context: were there any other critics?

Context: Yes, "Digital Spy"s Nick Levine

Context: which awards did it win?

Context: what does "ascap" stand for?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the original song performed live?

Context: which musicians have covered this song?

Context: Nathan Sykes

Context: has it been used on other media?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: The Smeezingtons along with Needlz

Context: name a few other songs by the singer?

Context: "Grenade" and "The Lazy Song"

Context: what is his full real name?

Context: Peter Gene Hernandez

Question: what genre of music does he normally sing?

Answer: Pop, R&B, funk, soul, reggae, hip hop, and rock

Explanation: He is known for his stage performances, retro showmanship, and for performing in a wide range of musical styles, including pop, R&B, funk, soul, reggae, hip hop, and rock.

Bruno Mars [SEP] Introduction


Question: who was the ruthless dictator who was intent on spreading communism in the soviet union and abroad

Answer: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Explanation: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dzе Jughashvili, ; 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician who ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. He served as the general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1952) and premier of the Soviet Union (1941–1953). Despite initially governing the Soviet Union as part of a collective leadership, he eventually consolidated power to become the country's "de facto" dictator by the 1930s. A communist ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin formalised these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies are known as Stalinism.

Joseph Stalin [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was the ruthless dictator who was intent on spreading communism in the soviet union and abroad

Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: The Georgian town, of Gori in Russian Empire.

Joseph Stalin [SEP] Childhood to young adulthood: 1878–1899

Stalin was born in the Georgian town of Gori, then part of the Tiflis Governorate of the Russian Empire and home to a mix of Georgian, Armenian, Russian, and Jewish communities. He was born on , and baptised on 29 December. His parents, Besarion Jughashvili and Ekaterine Geladze, were ethnically Georgian, and Stalin grew up speaking the Georgian language. He was their only child to survive past infancy and was nicknamed "Soso", a diminutive of "Ioseb". Besarion was a shoemaker and owned his own workshop; it was initially a financial success but later fell into decline, and the family found itself living in poverty.


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: The Georgian town, of Gori in Russian Empire.

Question: who were his parents?

Answer: Besarion Jughashvili and Ekaterine Geladze.

Explanation: His parents, Besarion Jughashvili and Ekaterine Geladze, were ethnically Georgian, and Stalin grew up speaking the Georgian language. He was their only child to survive past infancy and was nicknamed "Soso", a diminutive of "Ioseb".


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: Besarion Jughashvili and Ekaterine Geladze.

Question: when was he born?

Answer: 5 March 1953.

Explanation: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dzе Jughashvili, ; 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician who ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. He served as the general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1952) and premier of the Soviet Union (1941–1953). Despite initially governing the Soviet Union as part of a collective leadership, he eventually consolidated power to become the country's "de facto" dictator by the 1930s. A communist ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin formalised these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies are known as Stalinism

Joseph Stalin [SEP] Introduction


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Question: what was his profession?

Answer: He was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician.

Joseph Stalin [SEP] Introduction


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: He was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician.

Question: whom did he succeed?

Answer: Lenin.

Explanation: Lenin died in January 1924. Stalin took charge of the funeral and was one of its pallbearers; against the wishes of Lenin's widow, the Politburo embalmed his corpse and placed it within a mausoleum in Moscow's Red Square. It was incorporated into a growing personality cult devoted to Lenin, with Petrograd being renamed "Leningrad" that year. To bolster his image as a devoted Leninist, Stalin gave nine lectures at Sverdlov University on the "Foundations of Leninism", later published in book form. During the 13th Party Congress in May 1924, "Lenin's Testament" was read only to the leaders of the provincial delegations. Embarrassed by its contents, Stalin offered his resignation as General Secretary; this act of humility saved him and he was retained in the position.

Joseph Stalin [SEP] Succeeding Lenin: 1924–1927


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: whom did he succeed?

Context: Lenin.

Question: what was stalin's ideology?

Answer: Stalin adhered to the Leninist variant of Marxism. As a Marxist and an extreme anti-capitalist, Stalin believed in an inevitable "class war" between the world's proletariat and bourgeoise.

Explanation: As a Marxist and an extreme anti-capitalist, Stalin believed in an inevitable "class war" between the world's proletariat and bourgeoise. He believed that the working classes would prove successful in this struggle and would establish a dictatorship of the proletariat, regarding the Soviet Union as an example of such a state. He also believed that this proletarian state would need to introduce repressive measures against foreign and domestic "enemies" to ensure the full crushing of the propertied classes, and thus the class war would intensify with the advance of socialism. As a propaganda tool, the shaming of "enemies" explained all inadequate economic and political outcomes, the hardships endured by the populace, and military failures. The new state would then be able to ensure that all citizens had access to work, food, shelter, healthcare, and education, with the wastefulness of capitalism eliminated by a new, standardised economic system. According to Sandle, Stalin was "committe

Joseph Stalin [SEP] Political ideology

Stalin claimed to have embraced Marxism at the age of fifteen, and it served as the guiding philosophy throughout his adult life; according to Kotkin, Stalin held "zealous Marxist convictions", while Montefiore suggested that Marxism held a "quasi-religious" value for Stalin. Although he never became a Georgian nationalist, during his early life elements from Georgian nationalist thought blended with Marxism in his outlook. The historian Alfred J. Rieber noted that he had been raised in "a society where rebellion was deeply rooted in folklore and popular rituals". Stalin believed in the need to adapt Marxism to changing circumstances; in 1917, he declared that "there is dogmatic Marxism and there is creative Marxism.


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: whom did he succeed?

Context: Lenin.

Context: what was stalin's ideology?

Context: Stalin adhered to the Leninist variant of Marxism. As a Marxist and an extreme anti-capitalist, Stalin believed in an inevitable "class war" between the world's proletariat and bourgeoise.

Question: what was his take on economic policies?

Answer: Large numbers were affected by the de-kulakisation policy he applied, Stalin announced that both kulaks and the "middle peasants" must be coerced into releasing their harvest.

Explanation: In early 1928 Stalin travelled to Novosibirsk, where he alleged that kulaks were hoarding their grain and ordered that the kulaks be arrested and their grain confiscated, with Stalin bringing much of the area's grain back to Moscow with him in February. At his command, grain procurement squads surfaced across Western Siberia and the Urals, with violence breaking out between these squads and the peasantry. Stalin announced that both kulaks and the "middle peasants" must be coerced into releasing their harvest. Bukharin and several other Central Committee members were angry that they had not been consulted about this measure, which they deemed rash. In January 1930, the Politburo approved the liquidation of the kulak class; accused kulaks were rounded up and exiled to other parts of the country or to concentration camps. Large numbers died during the journey. By July 1930, over 320,000 households had been affected by the de-kulakisation policy. According to Stalin biographer Dmitri Volko

Joseph Stalin [SEP] Economic policy

The Soviet Union lagged behind the industrial development of Western countries, and there had been a shortfall of grain; 1927 produced only 70% of grain produced in 1926. Stalin's government feared attack from Japan, France, the United Kingdom, Poland, and Romania. Many Communists, including in Komsomol, OGPU, and the Red Army, were eager to be rid of the NEP and its market-oriented approach; they had concerns about those who profited from the policy: affluent peasants known as "kulaks" and the small business owners or "Nepmen". At this point, Stalin turned against the NEP, putting him on a course to the "left" even of Trotsky or Zinoviev.


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: whom did he succeed?

Context: Lenin.

Context: what was stalin's ideology?

Context: what was his take on economic policies?

Context: Large numbers were affected by the de-kulakisation policy he applied, Stalin announced that both kulaks and the "middle peasants" must be coerced into releasing their harvest.

Question: how did he view foreign policies?

Answer: He placed a high priority on foreign policy and called it "social fascists".

Explanation: Stalin desired a "cultural revolution", entailing both the creation of a culture for the "masses" and the wider dissemination of previously elite culture. He oversaw the proliferation of schools, newspapers, and libraries, as well as the advancement of literacy and numeracy. Socialist realism was promoted throughout the arts, while Stalin personally wooed prominent writers, namely Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Sholokhov, and Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy. He also expressed patronage for scientists whose research fitted within his preconceived interpretation of Marxism; he for instance endorsed the research of agrobiologist Trofim Lysenko despite the fact that it was rejected by the majority of Lysenko's scientific peers as pseudo-scientific. The government's anti-religious campaign was re-intensified, with increased funding given to the League of Militant Atheists. Christian, Muslim, and Buddhist clergy faced persecution. Many religious buildings were demolished, most notably Moscow's Cathedral

Joseph Stalin [SEP] Cultural and foreign policy

In 1928, Stalin declared that class war between the proletariat and their enemies would intensify as socialism developed. He warned of a "danger from the right", including in the Communist Party itself. The first major show trial in the USSR was the Shakhty Trial of 1928, in which several middle-class "industrial specialists" were convicted of sabotage. From 1929 to 1930, further show trials were held to intimidate opposition: these included the Industrial Party Trial, Menshevik Trial, and Metro-Vickers Trial. Aware that the ethnic Russian majority may have concerns about being ruled by a Georgian, he promoted ethnic Russians throughout the state hierarchy and made the Russian language compulsory throughout schools and offices, albeit to be used in tandem with local languages in areas with non-Russian majorities.


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: whom did he succeed?

Context: Lenin.

Context: what was stalin's ideology?

Context: what was his take on economic policies?

Context: how did he view foreign policies?

Context: He placed a high priority on foreign policy and called it "social fascists".

Question: was he married?

Answer: Yes, Stalin married his first wife, Ekaterina Svanidze.

Explanation: Stalin married his first wife, Ekaterina Svanidze, in 1906. According to Montefiore, theirs was "a true love match"; Volkogonov suggested that she was "probably the one human being he had really loved". When she died, Stalin said "This creature softened my heart of stone." They had a son, Yakov, who often frustrated and annoyed Stalin. Yakov had a daughter, Galina, before fighting for the Red Army in the Second World War. He was captured by the German Army and then committed suicide.

Joseph Stalin [SEP] Relationships and family

He was sexually promiscuous, although rarely talked about his sex life. Montefiore noted that Stalin's favoured types were "young, malleable teenagers or buxom peasant women", who would be supportive and unchallenging toward him. According to Service, Stalin "regarded women as a resource for sexual gratification and domestic comfort". Stalin married twice and had several offspring. Stalin married his first wife, Ekaterina Svanidze, in 1906. According to Montefiore, theirs was "a true love match"; Volkogonov suggested that she was "probably the one human being he had really loved". When she died, Stalin said "This creature softened my heart of stone." They had a son, Yakov, who often frustrated and annoyed Stalin.


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: whom did he succeed?

Context: Lenin.

Context: what was stalin's ideology?

Context: what was his take on economic policies?

Context: how did he view foreign policies?

Context: was he married?

Context: Yes, Stalin married his first wife, Ekaterina Svanidze.

Question: did he have kids?

Answer: Son, Yakov and daughter, Galina.


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: whom did he succeed?

Context: Lenin.

Context: what was stalin's ideology?

Context: what was his take on economic policies?

Context: how did he view foreign policies?

Context: was he married?

Context: did he have kids?

Context: Son, Yakov and daughter, Galina.

Question: what kind of relation did he have with his family?

Answer: He once mentioned his wife was probably the one human being he had really loved.


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: whom did he succeed?

Context: Lenin.

Context: what was stalin's ideology?

Context: what was his take on economic policies?

Context: how did he view foreign policies?

Context: was he married?

Context: did he have kids?

Context: Son, Yakov and daughter, Galina.

Context: what kind of relation did he have with his family?

Context: He once mentioned his wife was probably the one human being he had really loved.

Question: did he commit genocide?

Answer: No firm evidence has ever appeared supporting it.

Explanation: According to Svetlana, it had been "a difficult and terrible death". An autopsy revealed that he had died of a cerebral hemorrhage and that he also suffered from severe damage to his cerebral arteries due to atherosclerosis. It is possible that Stalin was murdered. Beria has been suspected of murder, although no firm evidence has ever appeared.

Joseph Stalin [SEP] Death, funeral and aftermath

Reforms to the Soviet system were immediately implemented. Economic reform scaled back the mass construction projects, placed a new emphasis on house building, and eased the levels of taxation on the peasantry to stimulate production. The new leaders sought rapprochement with Yugoslavia and a less hostile relationship with the U.S., pursuing a negotiated end to the Korean War in July 1953. The doctors who had been imprisoned were released and the anti-Semitic purges ceased. A mass amnesty for those imprisoned for non-political crimes was issued, halving the country's inmate population, while the state security and Gulag systems were reformed, with torture being banned in April 1953.


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: whom did he succeed?

Context: Lenin.

Context: what was stalin's ideology?

Context: what was his take on economic policies?

Context: how did he view foreign policies?

Context: was he married?

Context: did he have kids?

Context: Son, Yakov and daughter, Galina.

Context: did he commit genocide?

Context: No firm evidence has ever appeared supporting it.

Question: was this the reason he was called 'the great terror'?

Answer: Repressions further intensified in December 1936 and remained at a high level until November 1938, a period known as the Great Purge.

Explanation:
Stalin orchestrated the arrest of many former opponents in the Communist Party as well as sitting members of the Central Committee: denounced as Western-backed mercenaries, many were imprisoned or exiled internally. The first Moscow Trial took place in August 1936; Kamenev and Zinoviev were among those accused of plotting assassinations, found guilty in a show trial, and executed. The second Moscow Show Trial took place in January 1937, and the third in March 1938, in which Bukharin and Rykov were accused of involvement in the alleged Trotskyite-Zinovievite terrorist plot and sentenced to death. By late 1937, all remnants of collective leadership were gone from the Politburo, which was controlled entirely by Stalin.
There were mass expulsions from the party, with Stalin commanding foreign communist parties to also purge anti-Stalinist elements.
Repressions further intensified in December 1936 and remained at a high level until November 1938, a period known as the Great Purge. By the la

Joseph Stalin [SEP] The Great Terror

Stalin often gave conflicting signals regarding state repression. In May 1933, he released from prison many convicted of minor offenses, ordering the security services not to enact further mass arrests and deportations. In September 1934, he launched a commission to investigate false imprisonments; that same month he called for the execution of workers at the Stalin Metallurgical Factory accused of spying for Japan. This mixed approach began to change in December 1934, after prominent party member Sergey Kirov was murdered. After the murder, Stalin became increasingly concerned by the threat of assassination, improved his personal security, and rarely went out in public.


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: whom did he succeed?

Context: Lenin.

Context: what was stalin's ideology?

Context: what was his take on economic policies?

Context: how did he view foreign policies?

Context: was he married?

Context: did he have kids?

Context: Son, Yakov and daughter, Galina.

Context: did he commit genocide?

Context: was this the reason he was called 'the great terror'?

Context: Repressions further intensified in December 1936 and remained at a high level until November 1938, a period known as the Great Purge.

Question: name a few of his characteristics

Answer: Stalin had a soft voice, and when speaking Russian did so slowly, carefully choosing his phrasing

Explanation:
Stalin had a soft voice, and when speaking Russian did so slowly, carefully choosing his phrasing. In private he used coarse language, although avoided doing so in public. Described as a poor orator, according to Volkogonov, Stalin's speaking style was "simple and clear, without flights of fancy, catchy phrases or platform histrionics". He rarely spoke before large audiences, and preferred to express himself in written form. His writing style was similar, being characterised by its simplicity, clarity, and conciseness. Throughout his life, he used various nicknames and pseudonyms, including "Koba", "Soselo", and "Ivanov", adopting "Stalin" in 1912; it was based on the Russian word for "steel" and has often been translated as "Man of Steel".
In adulthood, Stalin measured tall. To appear taller, he wore stacked shoes, and stood on a small platform during parades. His mustached face was pock-marked from smallpox during childhood; this was airbrushed from published photographs. He was bor

Joseph Stalin [SEP] Personal life and characteristics

Ethnically Georgian, Stalin grew up speaking the Georgian language, and did not begin learning Russian until the age of eight or nine. He remained proud of his Georgian identity, and throughout his life retained a heavy Georgian accent when speaking Russian. According to Montefiore, despite Stalin's affinity for Russia and Russians, he remained profoundly Georgian in his lifestyle and personality. Stalin's colleagues described him as "Asiatic", and he told a Japanese journalist that "I am not a European man, but an Asian, a Russified Georgian". Service also noted that Stalin "would never be Russian", could not credibly pass as one, and never tried to pretend that he was.


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: whom did he succeed?

Context: Lenin.

Context: what was stalin's ideology?

Context: what was his take on economic policies?

Context: how did he view foreign policies?

Context: was he married?

Context: did he have kids?

Context: Son, Yakov and daughter, Galina.

Context: did he commit genocide?

Context: name a few of his characteristics

Context: Stalin had a soft voice, and when speaking Russian did so slowly, carefully choosing his phrasing

Question: where did he die?

Answer: The Kuntsevo Dacha in the town of Kuntsevo part of Moscow's Fili district.

Kuntsevo Dacha [SEP] Introduction

The Kuntsevo Dacha was Joseph Stalin's personal residence near the former town of Kuntsevo (then Moscow Oblast, now part of Moscow's Fili district), where he lived for the last two decades of his life and died on 5 March 1953, although he also spent much time inside the Kremlin, where he possessed living quarters next to his offices. The dacha is located inside a forest not far from the modern-day Victory Park. The so-called "nearer dacha" (Ближняя дача) was built in 1933-34 to Miron Merzhanov's designs. One storey was added to the original building in 1943. It was in Kuntsevo where Stalin lived during World War II.


Context: Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Context: where was he born?

Context: who were his parents?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 5 March 1953.

Context: what was his profession?

Context: whom did he succeed?

Context: Lenin.

Context: what was stalin's ideology?

Context: what was his take on economic policies?

Context: how did he view foreign policies?

Context: was he married?

Context: did he have kids?

Context: Son, Yakov and daughter, Galina.

Context: did he commit genocide?

Context: name a few of his characteristics

Context: where did he die?

Context: The Kuntsevo Dacha in the town of Kuntsevo part of Moscow's Fili district.

Question: how?

Answer: He died of a cerebral hemorrhage and that he also suffered from severe damage to his cerebral arteries due to atherosclerosis.

Explanation: On 1 March 1953, Stalin's staff found him semi-conscious on the bedroom floor of his Volynskoe dacha. He had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage. He was moved onto a couch and remained there for three days. He was hand-fed using a spoon, given various medicines and injections, and leeches were applied to him. Svetlana and Vasily were called to the dacha on 2 March; the latter was drunk and angrily shouted at the doctors, resulting in him being sent home. Stalin died on 5 March 1953. According to Svetlana, it had been "a difficult and terrible death". An autopsy revealed that he had died of a cerebral hemorrhage and that he also suffered from severe damage to his cerebral arteries due to atherosclerosis. It is possible that Stalin was murdered. Beria has been suspected of murder, although no firm evidence has ever appeared.