Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the noble prize named after?

Context: Alfred Nobel

Context: when was he born?

Context: 21 October 1833

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is he famous for?

Context: For dynamite

Context: is it only 1 prize?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it founded?

Context: is it just one prize in a single field?

Context: "Laureate"

Context: when was the foundation for it established?

Context: The Nobel Foundation was founded as a private organization on 29 June 1900.

Question: is this prize given to people who have died?

Answer: Although posthumous nominations are not presently permitted, individuals who died in the months between their nomination and the decision of the prize committee were originally eligible to receive the prize.

Nobel Prize [SEP] Posthumous nominations

Although posthumous nominations are not presently permitted, individuals who died in the months between their nomination and the decision of the prize committee were originally eligible to receive the prize. This has occurred twice: the 1931 Literature Prize awarded to Erik Axel Karlfeldt, and the 1961 Peace Prize awarded to UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld. Since 1974, laureates must be thought alive at the time of the October announcement. There has been one laureate, William Vickrey, who in 1996 died after the prize (in Economics) was announced but before it could be presented. On 3 October 2011, the laureates for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine were announced; however, the committee was not aware that one of the laureates, Ralph M.


Context: when does the beginning of everything take place

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the noble prize named after?

Context: Alfred Nobel

Context: when was he born?

Context: 21 October 1833

Context: what was his profession?

Context: He  was a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and philanthropist.

Context: what is he famous for?

Context: For dynamite

Context: is it only 1 prize?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it founded?

Context: is it just one prize in a single field?

Context: It  is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”. Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace

Context: what is a person who has won the prize called?

Context: "Laureate"

Context: is there a new category created for economic studies?

Context: Yes,  the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded for the first time in 1969.

Context: is this prize given to people who have died?

Context: Although posthumous nominations are not presently permitted, individuals who died in the months between their nomination and the decision of the prize committee were originally eligible to receive the prize.

Question: when does the award ceremonies take place?

Answer: The Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

Nobel Prize [SEP] Award ceremonies

Except for the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The recipients' lectures are normally held in the days prior to the award ceremony. The Peace Prize and its recipients' lectures are presented at the annual Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, usually on 10 December. The award ceremonies and the associated banquets are typically major international events. The Prizes awarded in Sweden's ceremonies' are held at the Stockholm Concert Hall, with the Nobel banquet following immediately at Stockholm City Hall. The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony has been held at the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–1946), at the auditorium of the University of Oslo (1947–1989), and at Oslo City Hall (1990–present).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the noble prize named after?

Context: Alfred Nobel

Context: when was he born?

Context: 21 October 1833

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is he famous for?

Context: For dynamite

Context: is it only 1 prize?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it founded?

Context: is it just one prize in a single field?

Context: "Laureate"

Context: when does the award ceremonies take place?

Context: The Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

Question: how much is the prize money?

Answer: In June 2012, it was  8 million SEK. If two laureates share the prize in a category, the award grant is divided equally between the recipients.

Explanation: In June 2012, it was lowered to 8 million SEK. If two laureates share the prize in a category, the award grant is divided equally between the recipients.

Nobel Prize [SEP] Award money

If there are three, the awarding committee has the option of dividing the grant equally, or awarding one-half to one recipient and one-quarter to each of the others. It is common for recipients to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural, or humanitarian causes.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the noble prize named after?

Context: Alfred Nobel

Context: when was he born?

Context: 21 October 1833

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is he famous for?

Context: For dynamite

Context: is it only 1 prize?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it founded?

Context: is it just one prize in a single field?

Context: "Laureate"

Context: how much is the prize money?

Context: In June 2012, it was  8 million SEK. If two laureates share the prize in a category, the award grant is divided equally between the recipients.

Question: were there any controversies?

Answer: Yes, the Nobel Committees have been accused of having a political agenda, and of omitting more deserving candidates. They have also been accused of Eurocentrism, especially for the Literature Prize.

Nobel Prize [SEP] Controversial recipients

Among other criticisms, the Nobel Committees have been accused of having a political agenda, and of omitting more deserving candidates. They have also been accused of Eurocentrism, especially for the Literature Prize. Among the most criticised Nobel Peace Prizes was the one awarded to Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ. This led to the resignation of two Norwegian Nobel Committee members. Kissinger and Thọ were awarded the prize for negotiating a ceasefire between North Vietnam and the United States in January 1973. However, when the award was announced, both sides were still engaging in hostilities. Critics sympathetic to the North announced that Kissinger was not a peace-maker but the opposite, responsible for widening the war.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the noble prize named after?

Context: Alfred Nobel

Context: when was he born?

Context: 21 October 1833

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is he famous for?

Context: For dynamite

Context: is it only 1 prize?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it founded?

Context: is it just one prize in a single field?

Context: "Laureate"

Context: how much is the prize money?

Context: were there any controversies?

Context: Yes, the Nobel Committees have been accused of having a political agenda, and of omitting more deserving candidates. They have also been accused of Eurocentrism, especially for the Literature Prize.

Question: have there been claims of biasness towards women?

Answer: Yes,  In terms of the most prestigious awards in STEM fields, only a small proportion have been awarded to women. Out of 210 laureates in Physics, 181 in Chemistry and 216 in Medicine between 1901 and 2018

Nobel Prize [SEP] Gender disparity

In terms of the most prestigious awards in STEM fields, only a small proportion have been awarded to women. Out of 210 laureates in Physics, 181 in Chemistry and 216 in Medicine between 1901 and 2018, there were only three female laureates in physics, five in chemistry and 12 in medicine. Factors proposed to contribute to the discrepancy between this and the roughly equal human sex ratio include biased nominations, fewer women than men being active in the relevant fields, Nobel Prizes typically being awarded decades after the research was done (reflecting a time when gender bias in the relevant fields was greater), a greater delay in awarding Nobel Prizes for women's achievements making longevity a more important factor for women (one cannot be nominated to the Nobel Prize posthumously), and a tendency to omit women from jointly awarded Nobel Prizes.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the noble prize named after?

Context: Alfred Nobel

Context: when was he born?

Context: 21 October 1833

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is he famous for?

Context: For dynamite

Context: is it only 1 prize?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it founded?

Context: is it just one prize in a single field?

Context: "Laureate"

Context: how much is the prize money?

Context: were there any controversies?

Context: have there been claims of biasness towards women?

Context: Yes,  In terms of the most prestigious awards in STEM fields, only a small proportion have been awarded to women. Out of 210 laureates in Physics, 181 in Chemistry and 216 in Medicine between 1901 and 2018

Question: has anybody refused the award?

Answer: Yes, Two laureates have voluntarily declined the Nobel Prize. In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre was awarded the Literature Prize but refused, stating, "A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honourable form."

Nobel Prize [SEP] Refusals and constraints

Two laureates have voluntarily declined the Nobel Prize. In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre was awarded the Literature Prize but refused, stating, "A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honourable form." Lê Đức Thọ, chosen for the 1973 Peace Prize for his role in the Paris Peace Accords, declined, stating that there was no actual peace in Vietnam. George Bernard Shaw attempted to decline the prize money while accepting the 1925 Literature Prize; eventually it was agreed to use it to found the Anglo-Swedish Literary Foundation. During the Third Reich, Adolf Hitler hindered Richard Kuhn, Adolf Butenandt, and Gerhard Domagk from accepting their prizes.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is the noble prize named after?

Context: Alfred Nobel

Context: when was he born?

Context: 21 October 1833

Context: what was his profession?

Context: what is he famous for?

Context: For dynamite

Context: is it only 1 prize?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it founded?

Context: is it just one prize in a single field?

Context: "Laureate"

Context: how much is the prize money?

Context: were there any controversies?

Context: has anybody refused the award?

Context: Yes, Two laureates have voluntarily declined the Nobel Prize. In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre was awarded the Literature Prize but refused, stating, "A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honourable form."

Question: what kind of cultural impact has this had?

Answer: It is often depicted in fiction. This includes films like "The Prize" (1963) and "Nobel Son" (2007). The memorial symbol "Planet of Alfred Nobel" was opened in Alfred Nobel University of Economics and Law in Dnipro, Ukraine in 2008.

Nobel Prize [SEP] Cultural impact

Being a symbol of scientific or literary achievement that is recognisable worldwide, the Nobel Prize is often depicted in fiction. This includes films like "The Prize" (1963) and "Nobel Son" (2007) about fictional Nobel laureates as well as fictionalised accounts of stories surrounding real prizes such as "Nobel Chor", a 2012 film based on the theft of Rabindranath Tagore's prize. The memorial symbol "Planet of Alfred Nobel" was opened in Alfred Nobel University of Economics and Law in Dnipro, Ukraine in 2008. On the globe, there are 802 Nobel laureates' reliefs made of a composite alloy obtained when disposing of military strategic missiles.


Question: what do the colours on the japanese flag represent

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Flag of Japan [SEP] Introduction

The national flag of Japan is a rectangular white banner bearing a crimson-red disc at its center. This flag is officially called , but is more commonly known in Japan as . It embodies the country's sobriquet: Land of the Rising Sun. The "Nisshōki" flag is designated as the national flag in the Act on National Flag and Anthem, which was promulgated and became effective on August 13, 1999. Although no earlier legislation had specified a national flag, the sun-disc flag had already become the "de facto" national flag of Japan. Two proclamations issued in 1870 by the Daijō-kan, the governmental body of the early Meiji period, each had a provision for a design of the national flag.


Context: what do the colours on the japanese flag represent

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: describe the protocols for it?

Answer: The flag may fly from sunrise until sunset; businesses and schools are permitted to fly the flag from opening to closing.

Flag of Japan [SEP] Protocol

According to protocol, the flag may fly from sunrise until sunset; businesses and schools are permitted to fly the flag from opening to closing. When flying the flags of Japan and another country at the same time, the Japanese flag takes the position of honor and the flag of the guest country flies to its right. Both flags must be at the same height and of equal size. When more than one foreign flag is displayed, Japan's flag is arranged in the alphabetical order prescribed by the United Nations. When the flag becomes unsuitable to use, it is customarily burned in private.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe the protocols for it?

Context: The flag may fly from sunrise until sunset; businesses and schools are permitted to fly the flag from opening to closing.

Question: how is the design of the flag?

Answer: Issued by the Japan Defense Agency (now the Ministry of Defense) in 1973 (Showa 48), specifications list the red color of the flag as 5R 4/12 and the white as N9 in the Munsell color chart. The document was changed on March 21, 2008.

Flag of Japan [SEP] Design

The only hint given about the red color is that it is a "deep" shade. Issued by the Japan Defense Agency (now the Ministry of Defense) in 1973 (Showa 48), specifications list the red color of the flag as 5R 4/12 and the white as N9 in the Munsell color chart. The document was changed on March 21, 2008 (Heisei 20) to match the flag's construction with current legislation and updated the Munsell colors. The document lists acrylic fiber and nylon as fibers that could be used in construction of flags used by the military. For acrylic, the red color is 5.7R 3.7/15.5 and white is N9.4; nylon has 6.2R 4/15.2 for red and N9.2 for white.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe the protocols for it?

Context: how is the design of the flag?

Context: Issued by the Japan Defense Agency (now the Ministry of Defense) in 1973 (Showa 48), specifications list the red color of the flag as 5R 4/12 and the white as N9 in the Munsell color chart. The document was changed on March 21, 2008.

Question: is it different from military flag?

Answer: Yes, JSDF and the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force use the Rising Sun Flag with eight red rays extending outward. A gold border is situated partially around the edge.

Flag of Japan [SEP] Military flags

The Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) and the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force use the Rising Sun Flag with eight red rays extending outward, called . A gold border is situated partially around the edge. A well-known variant of the sun disc design is the sun disc with 16 red rays in a Siemens star formation, which was also historically used by Japan's military, particularly the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy. The ensign, known in Japanese as the , was first adopted as the war flag on May 15, 1870, and was used until the end of World War II in 1945.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe the protocols for it?

Context: how is the design of the flag?

Context: is it different from military flag?

Context: Yes, JSDF and the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force use the Rising Sun Flag with eight red rays extending outward. A gold border is situated partially around the edge.

Question: when was the ground force establish?

Answer: July 1, 1954

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force [SEP] Introduction

The , JGSDF, also referred to as the Japanese Army, is the land warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Created on July 1, 1954, it is the largest of the three services branches. New military guidelines, announced in December 2010, direct the Japan Self-Defense Forces away from their Cold War focus on the Soviet Union to a new focus on China, especially in respect of the dispute over the Senkaku Islands. The JGSDF operates under the command of the chief of the ground staff, based in the city of Ichigaya, Shinjuku, Tokyo. The present chief of staff is General .


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe the protocols for it?

Context: how is the design of the flag?

Context: is it different from military flag?

Context: when was the ground force establish?

Context: July 1, 1954

Question: how is the structure of the self defense forces of japan?

Answer: The Prime Minister is the commander-in-chief of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Military authority runs from the Prime Minister to the cabinet-level Minister of Defense of the Japanese Ministry of Defense.

Japan Self-Defense Forces [SEP] Structure

The Prime Minister is the commander-in-chief of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Military authority runs from the Prime Minister to the cabinet-level Minister of Defense of the Japanese Ministry of Defense. The Prime Minister and Minister of Defense are advised by the (currently Kōji Yamazaki), who heads the . The Joint Staff includes a Senior Enlisted Advisor to the "Chief of Staff, Joint Staff", the Vice Chief of Staff, Joint Staff (currently Yutaka Masuko), an Administrative Vice Chief of Staff, as well as numerous departments and special staffs. Each service branch is headed by their respective Chiefs of Staff; the Chief of Staff of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) (currently Gorō Yuasa), the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) (currently Hiroshi Yamamura), and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) (currently Yoshinari Marumo).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe the protocols for it?

Context: how is the design of the flag?

Context: is it different from military flag?

Context: when was the ground force establish?

Context: July 1, 1954

Context: how is the structure of the self defense forces of japan?

Context: The Prime Minister is the commander-in-chief of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Military authority runs from the Prime Minister to the cabinet-level Minister of Defense of the Japanese Ministry of Defense.

Question: what is the definition of the above mentioned authority?

Answer: The formal role and title of a ruler commanding the armed forces derives from "Imperator" of the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, who possessed "imperium" (command and other regal) powers.

Commander-in-chief [SEP] Definition

The formal role and title of a ruler commanding the armed forces derives from "Imperator" of the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, who possessed "imperium" (command and other regal) powers. In English use, the term first applied to King Charles I of England in 1639. It continued to be used during the English Civil War. A nation's head of state (monarchical or republican) usually holds the nominal position of commander-in-chief, even if effective executive power is held by a separate head of government. In a parliamentary system, the executive branch is ultimately dependent upon the will of the legislature; although the legislature does not issue orders directly to the armed forces and therefore does not control the military in any operational sense.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe the protocols for it?

Context: how is the design of the flag?

Context: is it different from military flag?

Context: when was the ground force establish?

Context: July 1, 1954

Context: what is the definition of the above mentioned authority?

Context: The formal role and title of a ruler commanding the armed forces derives from "Imperator" of the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, who possessed "imperium" (command and other regal) powers.

Question: how was the clothing of roman republicans?

Answer: The basic Roman garment was the Greek-style tunic, worn knee-length and short-sleeved (or sleeveless) for men and boys, and ankle-length and long-sleeved for women and girls. The toga was distinctively Roman.

Roman Republic [SEP] Clothing

The basic Roman garment was the Greek-style tunic, worn knee-length and short-sleeved (or sleeveless) for men and boys, and ankle-length and long-sleeved for women and girls. The toga was distinctively Roman. It was thought to have begun during the early Roman kingdom, as a plain woolen "shepherd's wrap", worn by both sexes, all classes, and all occupations, including the military. By the middle to late Republic, citizen women had abandoned it for the less bulky, Greek-style stola, and the military used it only for off-duty ceremonies. The toga became a mark of male citizenship, a statement of social degree. Convention also dictated the type, colour and style of "calcei" (ankle-boots) appropriate to each level of male citizenship; red for senators, brown with crescent-shaped buckles for equites, and plain tanned for "plebs".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe the protocols for it?

Context: how is the design of the flag?

Context: is it different from military flag?

Context: when was the ground force establish?

Context: July 1, 1954

Context: how was the clothing of roman republicans?

Context: The basic Roman garment was the Greek-style tunic, worn knee-length and short-sleeved (or sleeveless) for men and boys, and ankle-length and long-sleeved for women and girls. The toga was distinctively Roman.

Question: what kind of constitution did they have?

Answer: It was a constantly-evolving, unwritten set of guidelines and principles passed down mainly through precedent, by which the government and its politics operated.

Roman Republic [SEP] Constitutional system

The constitutional history of the Roman Republic began with the revolution which overthrew the monarchy in 509 BC, and ended with constitutional reforms that transformed the Republic into what would effectively be the Roman Empire, in 27 BC. The Constitution of the Roman Republic was a constantly-evolving, unwritten set of guidelines and principles passed down mainly through precedent, by which the government and its politics operated. Throughout the history of the Republic, changes in the constitution were driven by conflicts of interest between the aristocracy and ordinary citizens.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe the protocols for it?

Context: how is the design of the flag?

Context: is it different from military flag?

Context: when was the ground force establish?

Context: July 1, 1954

Context: what kind of constitution did they have?

Context: It was a constantly-evolving, unwritten set of guidelines and principles passed down mainly through precedent, by which the government and its politics operated.

Question: how was their education?

Answer: Schooling in a more formal sense was begun around 200. Education began at the age of around six, and in the next six to seven years, boys and girls were expected to learn the basics of reading, writing and counting.

Roman Republic [SEP] Education and language

Schooling in a more formal sense was begun around 200. Education began at the age of around six, and in the next six to seven years, boys and girls were expected to learn the basics of reading, writing and counting. By the age of twelve, they would be learning Latin, Greek, grammar and literature, followed by training for public speaking. Effective oratory and good Latin were highly valued among the elite, and were essential to a career in law or politics.


Question: what is battle of towton?

Answer: "probably the largest and bloodiest battle ever fought on English soil".

Battle of Towton [SEP] Introduction

The Battle of Towton was fought on 29 March 1461 during the English Wars of the Roses, near the village of Towton in Yorkshire. It was "probably the largest and bloodiest battle ever fought on English soil". An estimated 50,000 soldiers fought for hours amidst a snowstorm on that day, which was Palm Sunday. It brought about a change of monarchs in England, with Edward IV displacing Henry VI, establishing the House of York on the English throne and driving the incumbent House of Lancaster and its key supporters out of the country. The incumbent King of England, Henry VI, on the throne since 1422, was a weak, ineffectual, and mentally unsound ruler, which encouraged the nobles to scheme for control over him.


Context: what is battle of towton?

Context: "probably the largest and bloodiest battle ever fought on English soil".

Question: when did the battle begin?

Answer: 29 March 1461

Explanation: The Battle of Towton was fought on 29 March 1461

Battle of Towton [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is battle of towton?

Context: when did the battle begin?

Context: 29 March 1461

Question: where did this battle take place?

Answer: Near the village of Towton in Yorkshire.

Explanation: The Battle of Towton was fought on 29 March 1461 during the English Wars of the Roses, near the village of Towton in Yorkshire.

Battle of Towton [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is battle of towton?

Context: when did the battle begin?

Context: 29 March 1461

Context: where did this battle take place?

Context: Near the village of Towton in Yorkshire.

Question: which tribes were found in this aforementioned place where the village is located?

Answer: Brigantes and the Parisi.

Yorkshire [SEP] Celtic tribes and Yorkshire Ridings

Early inhabitants of Yorkshire were Celts, who formed two separate tribes, the Brigantes and the Parisi. The Brigantes controlled territory which later became all of the North Riding of Yorkshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. The tribe controlled most of Northern England and more territory than any other Celtic tribe in England. That they had the Yorkshire area as their heartland is evident in that "Isurium Brigantum" (now known as Aldborough) was the capital town of their "civitas" under Roman rule. Six of the nine Brigantian "poleis" described by Claudius Ptolemaeus in the "Geographia" fall within the historic county.


Context: what is battle of towton?

Context: when did the battle begin?

Context: 29 March 1461

Context: where did this battle take place?

Context: which tribes were found in this aforementioned place where the village is located?

Context: Brigantes and the Parisi.

Question: what happened to this place during the norman conquest?

Answer: York was burnt by the Normans as the people of North tried to take it back.

Explanation: The people of the North rebelled against the Normans in September 1069 AD, enlisting Sweyn II of Denmark. They tried to take back York, but the Normans burnt it before they could. What followed was the Harrying of the North ordered by William. From York to Durham, crops, domestic animals, and farming tools were scorched. Many villages between the towns were burnt and local northerners were indiscriminately murdered. During the winter that followed, families starved to death and thousands of peasants died of cold and hunger. Orderic Vitalis estimated that "more than 100,000" people from the North died from hunger.

Yorkshire [SEP] Norman conquest

In the weeks immediately leading up to the Battle of Hastings in 1066 AD, Harold II of England was distracted by events in Yorkshire. His brother Tostig and Harald Hardrada, King of Norway, attempted a takeover in the North, having won the Battle of Fulford. The King of England marched north where the two armies met at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Tostig and Hardrada were both killed and their army was defeated decisively. However, Harold Godwinson was forced immediately to march his army back down to the South where William the Conqueror was landing. The King was defeated at Hastings, which led to the Norman conquest of England.


Context: what is battle of towton?

Context: when did the battle begin?

Context: 29 March 1461

Context: where did this battle take place?

Context: Brigantes and the Parisi.

Context: what happened to this place during the norman conquest?

Context: York was burnt by the Normans as the people of North tried to take it back.

Question: what is another war fought in this place?

Answer: Wars of the Roses.

Yorkshire [SEP] Wars of the Roses

When King Richard II was overthrown in 1399, antagonism between the House of York and the House of Lancaster, both branches of the royal House of Plantagenet, began to emerge. Eventually the two houses fought for the throne of England in a series of civil wars, commonly known as the Wars of the Roses. Some of the battles took place in Yorkshire, such as those at Wakefield and Towton, the latter of which is known as the bloodiest battle ever fought on English soil. Richard III was the last Yorkist king. Henry Tudor, sympathiser to the House of Lancaster, defeated and killed Richard at the Battle of Bosworth Field.


Question: who is offa of mercia?

Answer: King of Mercia, a kingdom of Anglo-Saxon England

Offa of Mercia [SEP] Introduction

Offa (died 29 July 796 AD) was King of Mercia, a kingdom of Anglo-Saxon England, from 757 until his death in July 796. The son of Thingfrith and a descendant of Eowa, Offa came to the throne after a period of civil war following the assassination of Æthelbald. Offa defeated the other claimant, Beornred. In the early years of Offa's reign, it is likely that he consolidated his control of Midland peoples such as the Hwicce and the Magonsæte. Taking advantage of instability in the kingdom of Kent to establish himself as overlord, Offa also controlled Sussex by 771, though his authority did not remain unchallenged in either territory.


Context: who is offa of mercia?

Context: King of Mercia, a kingdom of Anglo-Saxon England

Question: were there any coins bearing the image of the king?

Answer: No. Coins carried his name.

Offa of Mercia [SEP] Coinage

The new pennies almost invariably carried both Offa's name and the name of the moneyer from whose mint the coins came. The reform in the coinage appears to have extended beyond Offa's own mints: the kings of East Anglia, Kent and Wessex all produced coins of the new heavier weight in this period. Some coins from Offa's reign bear the names of the archbishops of Canterbury, Jænberht and, after 792, Æthelheard. Jænberht's coins all belong to the light coinage, rather than the later medium coinage. There is also evidence that coins were issued by Eadberht, who was Bishop of London in the 780s and possibly before.


Context: who is offa of mercia?

Context: were there any coins bearing the image of the king?

Context: No. Coins carried his name.

Question: what is his stature?

Answer: "rex Merciorium", "king of the Mercians and surrounding nations" and Rex Anglorum"

Offa of Mercia [SEP] Stature

The title Offa used on most of his charters was "rex Merciorium", or "king of the Mercians", though this was occasionally extended to "king of the Mercians and surrounding nations". Some of his charters use the title "Rex Anglorum," or "King of the English," and this has been seen as a sweeping statement of his power. There is debate on this point, however, as several of the charters in which Offa is named "Rex Anglorum" are of doubtful authenticity. They may represent later forgeries of the 10th century, when this title was standard for kings of England. The best evidence for Offa's use of this title comes from coins, not charters: there are some pennies with "Of ℞ A" inscribed, but it is not regarded as definite that this stood for "Offa Rex Anglorum." In "Anglo-Saxon England", Stenton argued that Offa was perhaps the greatest king of the English kingdoms, commenting that "no other Anglo-Saxon king ever regarded the world at large with so ...


Context: who is offa of mercia?

Context: No. Coins carried his name.

Context: what is his stature?

Context: "rex Merciorium", "king of the Mercians and surrounding nations" and Rex Anglorum"

Question: how did he get the latter title?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Offa of Mercia [SEP] Stature


Context: who is offa of mercia?

Context: No. Coins carried his name.

Context: what is his stature?

Context: how did he get the latter title?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: are there any achievements made by him?

Answer: He extended Mercian Supremacy over most of southern England and regained complete control of the southeast

Explanation: Taking advantage of instability in the kingdom of Kent to establish himself as overlord, Offa also controlled Sussex by 771, though his authority did not remain unchallenged in either territory. In the 780s he extended Mercian Supremacy over most of southern England, allying with Beorhtric of Wessex, who married Offa's daughter Eadburh, and regained complete control of the southeast.

Offa of Mercia [SEP] Introduction

Offa had a dispute with the Bishop of Worcester, which was settled at the Council of Brentford in 781. Many surviving coins from Offa's reign carry elegant depictions of him, and the artistic quality of these images exceeds that of the contemporary Frankish coinage. Some of his coins carry images of his wife, Cynethryth—the only Anglo-Saxon queen ever depicted on a coin. Only three gold coins of Offa's have survived: one is a copy of an Abbasid dinar of 774 and carries Arabic text on one side, with "Offa Rex" on the other. The gold coins are of uncertain use but may have been struck to be used as alms or for gifts to Rome.


Context: who is offa of mercia?

Context: No. Coins carried his name.

Context: what is his stature?

Context: how did he get the latter title?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any achievements made by him?

Context: He extended Mercian Supremacy over most of southern England and regained complete control of the southeast

Question: what are the modern uses of the name of the region where the king reigned?

Answer: South East England

Kingdom of Kent [SEP] Introduction

The Kingdom of the Kentish (; ), today referred to as the Kingdom of Kent, was an early medieval kingdom in what is now South East England. It existed from either the fifth or the sixth century CE until it was fully absorbed into the Kingdom of Wessex in the late 9th century and later into Kingdom of England in the early 10th century. Under the preceding Romano-British administration the area of Kent faced repeated attacks from seafaring raiders during the fourth century CE. It is likely that Germanic-speaking "foederati" were invited to settle in the area as mercenaries. Following the end of Roman administration in 410, further linguistically Germanic tribal groups moved into the area, as testified by both archaeological evidence and Late Anglo-Saxon textual sources.


Context: who is offa of mercia?

Context: No. Coins carried his name.

Context: what is his stature?

Context: how did he get the latter title?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any achievements made by him?

Context: what are the modern uses of the name of the region where the king reigned?

Context: South East England

Question: is there any symbolism associated with the region?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Kingdom of Kent [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is offa of mercia?

Context: No. Coins carried his name.

Context: what is his stature?

Context: how did he get the latter title?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any achievements made by him?

Context: South East England

Context: is there any symbolism associated with the region?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what language do they speak in?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Kingdom of Kent [SEP] Introduction


Context: who is offa of mercia?

Context: No. Coins carried his name.

Context: what is his stature?

Context: how did he get the latter title?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any achievements made by him?

Context: South East England

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what language do they speak in?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who succeeded the king?

Answer: His son, Ecgfrith of Mercia

Offa of Mercia [SEP] Death and succession

Offa died on 29 July 796, and may be buried in Bedford, though it is not clear that the "Bedeford" named in that charter was actually Bedford. He was succeeded by his son, Ecgfrith of Mercia, but according to the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" Ecgfrith died after a reign of only 141 days. A letter written by Alcuin in 797 to a Mercian ealdorman named Osbert makes it apparent that Offa had gone to great lengths to ensure that his son Ecgfrith would succeed him. Alcuin's opinion is that Ecgfrith "has not died for his own sins; but the vengeance for the blood his father shed to secure the kingdom has reached the son.


Context: who is offa of mercia?

Context: No. Coins carried his name.

Context: what is his stature?

Context: how did he get the latter title?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any achievements made by him?

Context: South East England

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what language do they speak in?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who succeeded the king?

Context: His son, Ecgfrith of Mercia

Question: when was he crowned?

Answer: 29 July 796

Ecgfrith of Mercia [SEP] Introduction

Ecgfrith was king of Mercia from 29 July to December 796. He was the son of Offa, one of the most powerful kings of Mercia, and Cynethryth. In 787, Ecgfrith was consecrated king, the first known consecration of an English king, probably arranged by Offa in imitation of the consecration of Charlemagne's sons by the pope in 781. Around 789, Offa seems to have intended that Ecgfrith marry the Frankish king Charlemagne's daughter Bertha, but Charlemagne was outraged by the request and the proposal never went forward. According to the Croyland Chronicle "he (Ecgfrith) was seized with a malady, and departed this life." His reign lasted 141 days.


Question: who takes over if the vice president resigns

Answer: A vice presidential vacancy continued until a new vice president took office at the start of the next term.

Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution [SEP] Section 2: Vice presidential vacancy

Section 2 addresses the Constitution's failure to originally provide a mechanism for filling a vacancy in the office of vice president during the term in which the vacancy occurred. Before the Twenty-fifth Amendment a vice presidential vacancy continued until a new vice president took office at the start of the next term. The vice presidency had become vacant several times due to death, resignation, or succession to the presidency, and these vacancies had often lasted several years.


Context: who takes over if the vice president resigns

Context: A vice presidential vacancy continued until a new vice president took office at the start of the next term.

Question: when did this amendment came into effect?

Answer: February 10, 1967

Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution [SEP] Introduction

The Twenty-fifth Amendment (Amendment XXV) to the United States Constitution deals with issues related to presidential succession and disability. It clarifies that the vice president becomes president (as opposed to acting president) if the president dies, resigns, or is removed from office; and establishes procedures for filling a vacancy in the office of the vice president and for responding to presidential disabilities. The Twenty-fifth Amendment was submitted to the states on July 6, 1965, by the 89th Congress and was adopted on February 10, 1967, during the 90th Congress, the day that the requisite number (38) of individual states had ratified the amendment.


Context: when did this amendment came into effect?

Context: February 10, 1967

Question: who was the vice president then?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Spiro Agnew [SEP] Introduction

Spiro Theodore Agnew (; November 9, 1918 – September 17, 1996) was the 39th vice president of the United States from 1969 until his resignation in 1973. He is the second and most recent vice president to resign the position, the other being John C. Calhoun in 1832. Unlike Calhoun, Agnew resigned as a result of a scandal. Agnew was born in Baltimore to an American-born mother and a Greek immigrant father. He attended Johns Hopkins University, and graduated from the University of Baltimore School of Law. He worked as an aide to U.S. Representative James Devereux before he was appointed to the Baltimore County Board of Zoning Appeals in 1957.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you name any vice president who got elected after the amendment?

Answer: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution [SEP] 1973: Appointment of Gerald Ford as vice president

On October 12, 1973, following Vice President Spiro Agnew's resignation two days earlier, President Richard Nixon nominated Representative Gerald Ford of Michigan to succeed Agnew as vice president. The Senate voted 92–3 to confirm Ford on November 27 and, on December 6, the House of Representatives did the same by a vote of 387–35. Ford was sworn in later that day before a joint session of the United States Congress.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you name any vice president who got elected after the amendment?

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Question: when was the latter born?

Answer: July 14, 1913

Explanation: July 14, 1913

Gerald Ford [SEP] Early life

Ford was born Leslie Lynch King Jr. on July 14, 1913, at 3202 Woolworth Avenue in Omaha, Nebraska, where his parents lived with his paternal grandparents. He was the child of Dorothy Ayer Gardner and Leslie Lynch King Sr., a wool trader. His father was a son of prominent banker Charles Henry King and Martha Alicia King (née Porter). Gardner separated from King just sixteen days after her son's birth. She took her son with her to Oak Park, Illinois, home of her sister Tannisse and brother-in-law, Clarence Haskins James. From there, she moved to the home of her parents, Levi Addison Gardner and Adele Augusta Ayer, in Grand Rapids, Michigan.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Question: where did he spend his childhood?

Answer: Oak Park, Illinois

Explanation: Oak Park, Illinois,

Gerald Ford [SEP] Early life


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Question: where did he study?

Answer: University of Michigan

Explanation: University of Michigan

Gerald Ford [SEP] College and law school

Ford attended the University of Michigan, where he played center, linebacker, and long snapper for the school's football team and helped the Wolverines to two undefeated seasons and national titles in 1932 and 1933. In his senior year of 1934, the team suffered a steep decline and won only one game, but Ford was still the team's star player. In one of those games, Michigan held heavily favored Minnesota—the eventual national champion—to a scoreless tie in the first half. After the game, assistant coach Bennie Oosterbaan said, "When I walked into the dressing room at halftime, I had tears in my eyes I was so proud of them.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Michigan

Question: was he married?

Answer: Elizabeth Bloomer

Explanation: Ford married Elizabeth Bloomer (

Gerald Ford [SEP] Marriage and children

On October 15, 1948, Ford married Elizabeth Bloomer (1918–2011) at Grace Episcopal Church in Grand Rapids; it was his first and only marriage and her second marriage. She had previously been married and, after a five‐year marriage, divorced from William Warren. Originally from Grand Rapids herself, she had lived in New York City for several years, where she worked as a John Robert Powers fashion model and a dancer in the auxiliary troupe of the Martha Graham Dance Company. At the time of their engagement, Ford was campaigning for what would be his first of 13 terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: was he married?

Context: Elizabeth Bloomer

Question: when did he become the vice president?

Answer: August 1974

Explanation: August 1974

Gerald Ford [SEP] Introduction

Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th president of the United States from August 1974 to January 1977. Ford previously served as the 40th vice president of the United States from December 1973 to August 1974. Ford is the only person to have served as both vice president and president without being elected to either office by the Electoral College. Born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Ford attended the University of Michigan and Yale Law School. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, he enlisted in the U.S.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: was he married?

Context: Elizabeth Bloomer

Context: when did he become the vice president?

Context: August 1974

Question: which political party did he represent?

Answer: Republican party

Explanation: Republican party

Gerald Ford [SEP] 1976 presidential election

Ford reluctantly agreed to run for office in 1976, but first he had to counter a challenge for the Republican party nomination. Former Governor of California Ronald Reagan and the party's conservative wing faulted Ford for failing to do more in South Vietnam, for signing the Helsinki Accords, and for negotiating to cede the Panama Canal. (Negotiations for the canal continued under President Carter, who eventually signed the Torrijos–Carter Treaties.) Reagan launched his campaign in autumn of 1975 and won numerous primaries, including North Carolina, Texas, Indiana, and California, but failed to get a majority of delegates; Reagan withdrew from the race at the Republican Convention in Kansas City, Missouri.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: was he married?

Context: Elizabeth Bloomer

Context: when did he become the vice president?

Context: August 1974

Context: which political party did he represent?

Context: Republican party

Question: did he have any health issues?

Answer: Ford suffered two minor strokes

Explanation: Ford suffered two minor strokes

Gerald Ford [SEP] Health problems

On April 4, 1990, Ford was admitted to Eisenhower Medical Center for surgery to replace his left knee, orthopedic surgeon Dr. Robert Murphy saying "Ford's entire left knee was replaced with an artificial joint, including portions of the adjacent femur, or thigh bone, and tibia, or leg bone." Ford suffered two minor strokes at the 2000 Republican National Convention, but made a quick recovery after being admitted to Hahnemann University Hospital. In January 2006, he spent 11 days at the Eisenhower Medical Center near his residence at Rancho Mirage, California, for treatment of pneumonia. On April 23, 2006, President George W.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: was he married?

Context: Elizabeth Bloomer

Context: when did he become the vice president?

Context: August 1974

Context: which political party did he represent?

Context: Republican party

Context: did he have any health issues?

Context: Ford suffered two minor strokes

Question: was he part of any organizations?

Answer: Ford was a member of several civic organizations, including the Junior Chamber of Commerce (Jaycees), American Legion, AMVETS

Gerald Ford [SEP] Civic and fraternal organizations

Ford was a member of several civic organizations, including the Junior Chamber of Commerce (Jaycees), American Legion, AMVETS, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Sons of the Revolution, and Veterans of Foreign Wars.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: was he married?

Context: Elizabeth Bloomer

Context: when did he become the vice president?

Context: August 1974

Context: which political party did he represent?

Context: Republican party

Context: did he have any health issues?

Context: Ford suffered two minor strokes

Context: was he part of any organizations?

Context: Ford was a member of several civic organizations, including the Junior Chamber of Commerce (Jaycees), American Legion, AMVETS

Question: what sort of image did he create in the public?

Answer: He acquired a reputation as a clumsy, likable, and simple-minded Everyman.

Gerald Ford [SEP] Public image

Nonetheless, many grant in hindsight that he had respectably discharged with considerable dignity a great responsibility that he had not sought. In spite of his athletic record and remarkable career accomplishments, Ford acquired a reputation as a clumsy, likable, and simple-minded Everyman. An incident in 1975, when he tripped while exiting Air Force One in Austria, was famously and repeatedly parodied by Chevy Chase, cementing Ford's image as a klutz. Pieces of Ford's common Everyman image have also been attributed to Ford's inevitable comparison to Nixon, as well as his perceived Midwestern stodginess and self-deprecation.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: was he married?

Context: Elizabeth Bloomer

Context: when did he become the vice president?

Context: August 1974

Context: which political party did he represent?

Context: Republican party

Context: did he have any health issues?

Context: Ford suffered two minor strokes

Context: was he part of any organizations?

Context: what sort of image did he create in the public?

Context: He acquired a reputation as a clumsy, likable, and simple-minded Everyman.

Question: were any attempts made to kill him?

Answer: Ford was the target of two assassination attempts during his presidency. Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, a follower of Charles Manson, pointed a Colt .45-caliber handgun at Ford

Gerald Ford [SEP] Assassination attempts

Ford was the target of two assassination attempts during his presidency. In Sacramento, California, on September 5, 1975, Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, a follower of Charles Manson, pointed a Colt .45-caliber handgun at Ford and pulled the trigger at point-blank range. As she did, Larry Buendorf, a Secret Service agent, grabbed the gun, and Fromme was taken into custody. She was later convicted of attempted assassination of the President and was sentenced to life in prison; she was paroled on August 14, 2009, after serving 34 years. In reaction to this attempt, the Secret Service began keeping Ford at a more secure distance from anonymous crowds, a strategy that may have saved his life seventeen days later.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: was he married?

Context: Elizabeth Bloomer

Context: when did he become the vice president?

Context: August 1974

Context: which political party did he represent?

Context: Republican party

Context: did he have any health issues?

Context: Ford suffered two minor strokes

Context: was he part of any organizations?

Context: were any attempts made to kill him?

Context: Ford was the target of two assassination attempts during his presidency. Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, a follower of Charles Manson, pointed a Colt .45-caliber handgun at Ford

Question: when?

Answer: September 5, 1975

Explanation: September 5, 1975


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: was he married?

Context: Elizabeth Bloomer

Context: when did he become the vice president?

Context: August 1974

Context: which political party did he represent?

Context: Republican party

Context: did he have any health issues?

Context: Ford suffered two minor strokes

Context: was he part of any organizations?

Context: were any attempts made to kill him?

Context: when?

Context: September 5, 1975

Question: where did it happen?

Answer: Sacramento, California

Explanation: Sacramento, California


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: was he married?

Context: Elizabeth Bloomer

Context: when did he become the vice president?

Context: August 1974

Context: which political party did he represent?

Context: Republican party

Context: did he have any health issues?

Context: Ford suffered two minor strokes

Context: was he part of any organizations?

Context: were any attempts made to kill him?

Context: when?

Context: September 5, 1975

Context: where did it happen?

Context: Sacramento, California

Question: how was he honored?

Answer: Ford received the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award in May 1970, as well as the Silver Buffalo Award, from the Boy Scouts of America.

Gerald Ford [SEP] Honors

Ford received the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award in May 1970, as well as the Silver Buffalo Award, from the Boy Scouts of America. In 1974, he also received the highest distinction of the Scout Association of Japan, the Golden Pheasant Award. In 1985, he received the 1985 Old Tom Morris Award from the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, GCSAA's highest honor. In 1992, the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation awarded Ford its Lone Sailor Award for his naval service and his subsequent government service. In 1999, Ford was honored with a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars.


Context: February 10, 1967

Context: who was the vice president then?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford

Context: when was the latter born?

Context: July 14, 1913

Context: where did he spend his childhood?

Context: Oak Park, Illinois

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: was he married?

Context: Elizabeth Bloomer

Context: when did he become the vice president?

Context: August 1974

Context: which political party did he represent?

Context: Republican party

Context: did he have any health issues?

Context: Ford suffered two minor strokes

Context: was he part of any organizations?

Context: were any attempts made to kill him?

Context: when?

Context: September 5, 1975

Context: where did it happen?

Context: Sacramento, California

Context: how was he honored?

Context: Ford received the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award in May 1970, as well as the Silver Buffalo Award, from the Boy Scouts of America.

Question: when did he die?

Answer: December 26, 2006

Explanation: Ford died on December 26, 2006

Gerald Ford [SEP] Death and legacy

Ford died on December 26, 2006, at his home in Rancho Mirage, California, of arteriosclerotic cerebrovascular disease and diffuse arteriosclerosis. He had end-stage coronary artery disease and severe aortic stenosis and insufficiency, caused by calcific alteration of one of his heart valves. At the time of his death, Ford was the longest-lived U.S. president, having lived 93 years and 165 days (45 days longer than Ronald Reagan, whose record he surpassed). He died on the 34th anniversary of President Harry S. Truman's death; he was the last surviving member of the Warren Commission. On December 30, 2006, Ford became the 11th U.S.


Question: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Answer: Galadriel

Explanation: Galadriel

Galadriel [SEP] Introduction

Galadriel (IPA: ]) is a character created by J.R.R. Tolkien in his Middle-earth legendarium. She appears in "The Lord of the Rings", "The Silmarillion", and "Unfinished Tales". She was a royal Elf of both the Noldor and the Teleri, being a grandchild of both King Finwë and King Olwë. She was also close kin of King Ingwë of the Vanyar through her grandmother Indis. Galadriel was a leader during the rebellion of the Noldor, and present in their flight from Valinor during the First Age. Towards the end of her stay in Middle-earth, she was co-ruler of Lothlórien with her husband, Celeborn, when she was known as the Lady of Lórien, the Lady of the Galadhrim, the Lady of Light, or the Lady of the Golden Wood.


Context:
lady of the wood lord of the rings
Galadriel

Question: could you tell me something more about her character?

Answer: She was a royal Elf of both the Noldor and the Teleri, being a grandchild of both King Finwë and King Olwë.

Explanation: She was a royal Elf of both the Noldor and the Teleri, being a grandchild of both King Finwë and King Olwë.

Galadriel [SEP] Introduction


Context: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Context: Galadriel

Context: could you tell me something more about her character?

Context: She was a royal Elf of both the Noldor and the Teleri, being a grandchild of both King Finwë and King Olwë.

Question: what was the most dazzling thing about her?

Answer: The most striking feature was her beautiful long silver-golden hair.

Galadriel [SEP] Characteristics

The Dúnedain said that her height was two "rangar", or "man-high" – some . However, Galadriel's most striking feature was her beautiful long silver-golden hair. The Elves of Tirion said it captured the radiance of the Two Trees Laurelin and Telperion themselves. Fëanor greatly admired her hair; it may have inspired him to create the Silmarils. Nevertheless, Galadriel never repaid Fëanor's admiration. Fëanor "had begged her thrice for a tress and thrice she refused to give him even one hair. It is said that these two kinsfolk, being considered the greatest of the Eldar of Valinor, remain unfriends forever."


Context: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Context: Galadriel

Context: what was the most dazzling thing about her?

Context: The most striking feature was her beautiful long silver-golden hair.

Question: who conceived this character?

Answer: J.R.R. Tolkien

Explanation: J.R.R. Tolkien

Galadriel [SEP] Introduction


Context: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Context: Galadriel

Context: who conceived this character?

Context: J.R.R. Tolkien

Question: name some of his work?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Galadriel [SEP] Introduction


Context: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Context: Galadriel

Context: who conceived this character?

Context: J.R.R. Tolkien

Context: name some of his work?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did this character appear in any other books?

Answer: Yes, The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion and Unfinished Tales.

Explanation: The Lord of the Rings", "The Silmarillion", and "Unfinished Tales".

Galadriel [SEP] Introduction


Context: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Context: Galadriel

Context: who conceived this character?

Context: J.R.R. Tolkien

Context: name some of his work?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did this character appear in any other books?

Context: Yes, The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion and Unfinished Tales.

Question: how many series were released of the first book that is mentioned above?

Answer: The work is divided internally into six books, two per volume.

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Introduction

Structurally, the work is divided internally into six books, two per volume, with several appendices of background material at the end. Some editions print the entire work into a single volume, following the author's original intent.


Context: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Context: Galadriel

Context: who conceived this character?

Context: J.R.R. Tolkien

Context: name some of his work?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how many series were released of the first book that is mentioned above?

Context: The work is divided internally into six books, two per volume.

Question: who was the publisher for the first book?

Answer: George Allen & Unwin

Explanation: George Allen & Unwin

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Publication history

A dispute with his publisher, George Allen & Unwin, led to his offering the work to William Collins in 1950. Tolkien intended "The Silmarillion" (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with "The Lord of the Rings," but Allen & Unwin were unwilling to do this. After Milton Waldman, his contact at Collins, expressed the belief that "The Lord of the Rings" itself "urgently wanted cutting", Tolkien eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952. Collins did not; and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying, "I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff", fearing his work would never see the light of day.


Context: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Context: Galadriel

Context: who conceived this character?

Context: J.R.R. Tolkien

Context: name some of his work?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who was the publisher for the first book?

Context: George Allen & Unwin

Question: was this book made in a movie?

Answer: Yes, a variety of filmmakers considered adapting Tolkien's book.

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Film

A variety of filmmakers considered adapting Tolkien's book, among them Stanley Kubrick, who thought it unfilmable, Michelangelo Antonioni, Heinz Edelmann, and John Boorman. In 1978, Ralph Bakshi made an animated film version covering "The Fellowship of the Ring" and part of "The Two Towers", to mostly poor reviews. In 1980, Rankin/Bass released an animated TV special based on the closing chapters of "The Return of the King", gaining mixed reviews. A far more successful adaptation was Peter Jackson's live action "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, produced by New Line Cinema and released in three instalments as "" (2001), "" (2002), and "" (2003).


Context: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Context: Galadriel

Context: who conceived this character?

Context: J.R.R. Tolkien

Context: name some of his work?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: George Allen & Unwin

Context: was this book made in a movie?

Context: Yes, a variety of filmmakers considered adapting Tolkien's book.

Question: who finally made a movie?

Answer: Ralph Bakshi, Peter Jackson and Chris Bouchard

Explanation: Ralph Bakshi

The Lord of the Rings [SEP] Film


Context: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Context: Galadriel

Context: who conceived this character?

Context: J.R.R. Tolkien

Context: name some of his work?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: George Allen & Unwin

Context: was this book made in a movie?

Context: who finally made a movie?

Context: Ralph Bakshi, Peter Jackson and Chris Bouchard

Question: who is the first person you mentioned above?

Answer: He  is an American director of animated and live-action films.

Ralph Bakshi [SEP] Introduction

Ralph Bakshi (born October 29, 1938) is an American director of animated and live-action films. In the 1970s, he established an alternative to mainstream animation through independent and adult-oriented productions. Between 1972 and 2015, he directed ten theatrically released feature films, six of which he wrote. He has been involved in numerous television projects as director, writer, producer and animator. Beginning his career at the Terrytoons television cartoon studio as a cel polisher, Bakshi was eventually promoted to animator, and then director. He moved to the animation division of Paramount Pictures in 1967 and started his own studio, Bakshi Productions, in 1968.


Context: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Context: Galadriel

Context: who conceived this character?

Context: J.R.R. Tolkien

Context: name some of his work?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: George Allen & Unwin

Context: was this book made in a movie?

Context: who finally made a movie?

Context: who is the first person you mentioned above?

Context: He  is an American director of animated and live-action films.

Question: which film was his directorial debut?

Answer: Fritz the Cat

Explanation: Fritz the Cat

Ralph Bakshi [SEP] Introduction

Through producer Steve Krantz, Bakshi made his debut feature film, "Fritz the Cat", released in 1972. It was based on the comic strip by Robert Crumb and was the first animated film to receive an X rating from the Motion Picture Association of America, and is the most successful independent animated feature of all time. Over the next eleven years, Bakshi directed seven additional animated features. He is well known for such films as "Wizards" (1977), "The Lord of the Rings" (1978), "American Pop" (1981) and "Fire and Ice" (1983). In 1987, Bakshi returned to television work, producing the series "", which ran for two years.


Context: lady of the wood lord of the rings

Context: Galadriel

Context: who conceived this character?

Context: J.R.R. Tolkien

Context: name some of his work?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: George Allen & Unwin

Context: was this book made in a movie?

Context: who finally made a movie?

Context: which film was his directorial debut?

Context: Fritz the Cat

Question: with regards to the initial character that we were chatting about, i would like to know more about the life form that the character was.

Answer: Her height was two "rangar", or "man-high".

Explanation: her height was two "rangar", or "man-high" – some .

Galadriel [SEP] Characteristics


Question: what pilot (supernatural) refers to?

Answer: It is the first episode of the television series "Supernatural".

Pilot (Supernatural) [SEP] Introduction

"Pilot" is the first episode of the television series "Supernatural". It premiered on The WB on September 13, 2005, and was written by series creator Eric Kripke and directed by David Nutter. The "Supernatural" pilot introduced the characters of Sam (Jared Padalecki) and Dean Winchester (Jensen Ackles), brothers who travel throughout the country hunting supernatural creatures, as they battled a ghostly Woman in White (Sarah Shahi) while searching for their missing father (Jeffrey Dean Morgan). Kripke was developing the concept for ten years before it was greenlit as a television series. Before it could be filmed, the script underwent numerous revisions.


Context: what pilot (supernatural) refers to?

Context: It is the first episode of the television series "Supernatural".

Question: who directed it?

Answer: David Nutter

Explanation: David Nutter

Pilot (Supernatural) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what pilot (supernatural) refers to?

Context: who directed it?

Context: David Nutter

Question: what theme does it have?

Answer: The two brothers who travel throughout the country hunting supernatural creatures, as they battled a ghostly Woman in White while searching for their missing father.

Explanation: brothers who travel throughout the country hunting supernatural creatures, as they battled a ghostly Woman in White (Sarah Shahi) while searching for their missing father (Jeffrey Dean Morgan).

Pilot (Supernatural) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what pilot (supernatural) refers to?

Context: who directed it?

Context: David Nutter

Context: what theme does it have?

Context: The two brothers who travel throughout the country hunting supernatural creatures, as they battled a ghostly Woman in White while searching for their missing father.

Question: who all have acted in it?

Answer: Jared Padalecki, Jensen Ackles, Sarah Shahi, Jeffrey Dean Morgan

Explanation: The "Supernatural" pilot introduced the characters of Sam (Jared Padalecki) and Dean Winchester (Jensen Ackles), brothers who travel throughout the country hunting supernatural creatures, as they battled a ghostly Woman in White (Sarah Shahi) while searching for their missing father (Jeffrey Dean Morgan).

Pilot (Supernatural) [SEP] Introduction


Context: what pilot (supernatural) refers to?

Context: who directed it?

Context: David Nutter

Context: what theme does it have?

Context: who all have acted in it?

Context: Jared Padalecki, Jensen Ackles, Sarah Shahi, Jeffrey Dean Morgan

Question: which character did the third actor play?

Answer: The Woman in White

Explanation: the Woman in White

Pilot (Supernatural) [SEP] Cast and characters

For the role of Constance Welch—the Woman in White—production set out to find the "perfect actress". Nutter, a fan of "The L Word", had watched an episode featuring actress Sarah Shahi one night during the casting process. He felt she was "really sharp" and a "fine actress", with a "seductive quality about her". Surprised when she came in to audition the following day, he knew she "had the job when she walked in the door". Because the scene involving Constance's husband Joseph Welch merely discusses Constance's backstory, the scene hinged on the actors' performances. Seeking a "great actor", Nutter recalled his previous experience working with Steve Railsback, and offered him the role.


Context: what pilot (supernatural) refers to?

Context: who directed it?

Context: David Nutter

Context: what theme does it have?

Context: who all have acted in it?

Context: which character did the third actor play?

Context: The Woman in White

Question: how did she start her career?

Answer: NBC series "Life"

Sarah Shahi [SEP] Career

In 2007, she secured a small role in "Rush Hour 3" as Zoe, a scantily clad rich girl who is pursued by Chris Tucker's character, Detective Carter. In 2007, she took on her first permanent leading role on a TV series, co-starring with Damian Lewis in the NBC series "Life" as homicide detective Dani Reese. The series ran for two seasons.


Context: what pilot (supernatural) refers to?

Context: who directed it?

Context: David Nutter

Context: what theme does it have?

Context: who all have acted in it?

Context: The Woman in White

Context: how did she start her career?

Context: NBC series "Life"

Question: what are her other works?

Answer: "The L Word", "Fairly Legal",  "Reverie".

Sarah Shahi [SEP] Introduction

Aahoo Jahansouz "Sarah" Shahi (; born ) is an American actress and former NFL Cheerleader. She played Carmen on "The L Word" in 2008, Kate Reed in the USA Network legal drama "Fairly Legal" in 2011–12, and also starred as Sameen Shaw on the CBS crime drama "Person of Interest". She has also appeared as the main female role Det. Dani Reese in "Life", and in a supporting role in "Alias.". In 2018, she starred in the series "Reverie". In 2019, she appeared in a few episodes of "City on a Hill" on Showtime and appeared in seven episodes of the series "The Rookie" as romantic interest Jessica Russo.


Context: what pilot (supernatural) refers to?

Context: who directed it?

Context: David Nutter

Context: what theme does it have?

Context: who all have acted in it?

Context: The Woman in White

Context: how did she start her career?

Context: NBC series "Life"

Context: what are her other works?

Context: "The L Word", "Fairly Legal",  "Reverie".

Question: how was the first one critically received?

Answer: Negative reviews. "The New York Times" called the show a "Sapphic "Playboy" fantasia"

The L Word [SEP] Critical reception

The show's first season was "broadcast to critical acclaim and instant popularity"; as an article from "The New York Times" pointed out: Co-creator and executive producer Ilene Chaiken had some issues with the reaction: By the time the sixth and final season began, however, reviews had become far more negative. "The New York Times" called the show a "Sapphic "Playboy" fantasia" that has "shown little interest in variegating portrayals of gay experience. Instead it has seemed to work almost single-mindedly to counter the notion of "lesbian bed death" and repeatedly remind the viewer of the "limits and tortures of monogamy" while "never align[ing] itself with the traditionalist ambitions [for same-sex marriage] of a large faction of the gay rights movement".


Question: when was rochester castle built?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Rochester Castle [SEP] Introduction

Rochester Castle stands on the east bank of the River Medway in Rochester, Kent, South East England. The 12th-century keep or stone tower, which is the castle's most prominent feature, is one of the best preserved in England or France. Situated on the River Medway and Watling Street, Rochester served as a strategically important royal castle. During the late medieval period it helped protect England's south-east coast from invasion. The first castle at Rochester was founded in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest. It was given to Bishop Odo, probably by his half-brother William the Conqueror. During the Rebellion of 1088 over the succession to the English throne, Odo supported Robert Curthose, the Conqueror's eldest son, against William Rufus.


Context:
when was rochester castle built?
UNANSWERABLE

Question: who built it?

Answer: Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester

Rochester Castle [SEP] Introduction

It was during this conflict that the castle first saw military action; the city and castle were besieged after Odo made Rochester a headquarters for the rebellion. After the garrison capitulated, this first castle was abandoned. Between 1087 and 1089, Rufus asked Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester, to build a new stone castle at Rochester. He established the current extent of the castle. Though much altered through the centuries, some parts of Gundulf's work survive. In 1127 King Henry I granted the castle to the Archbishop of Canterbury in perpetuity. William de Corbeil built the massive keep that still dominates the castle today.


Context:
when was rochester castle built?
UNANSWERABLE
who built it?
Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester

Question: which kings had the possession of the castle?

Answer: King John and his son Henry

Rochester Castle [SEP] Henry III

John died in 1216 and was succeeded by his nine-year-old son, Henry, with the support of the barons. With no prospect of becoming King of England, Louis returned to France. Rochester Castle was returned to royal control in 1217. Given the damage incurred during John's siege, the castle was in dire need of repairs. Between 1217 and 1237 around £680 were spent on repairs, of which £530 were taken up by work on the keep. In 1225 and 1226 the town walls were enhanced by the addition of a ditch at the cost of £300. The new ditch enclosed Boley Hill, possibly to deny the position to future aggressors who might attack the castle.


Context: when was rochester castle built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who built it?

Context: Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester

Context: which kings had the possession of the castle?

Context: King John and his son Henry

Question: what are its notable architectural features?

Answer: Little is known about the design of the first castle and Gundulf's castle was enclosed by a stone wall.

Explanation:
Little is known about the design of the first castle at Rochester as it has since vanished, and even the exact site is uncertain. It most likely took the form of a motte-and-bailey castle, with a mound and an outer enclosure defended by a timber palisade and earthen banks. Boley Hill has been suggested as the site of the first castle, an outwork reinforcing the castle's defences, or an abandoned siege castle like those documented in the 1088 siege. Boley Hill is a natural outcrop of rock, and could have acted as a motte.

The castle built by Bishop Gundulf in the late 12th century was enclosed by a stone wall.

Rochester Castle [SEP] Architecture

The third floor had a second chapel and access to the roof, and may have held additional accommodation. The current entrance in the north-east occupies the approximate location of the main gatehouse constructed by Gundulf and then rebuilt during 1249–1250. It was pulled down in the 1870s when the enclosure was converted into a municipal garden. An engraving from 1735 by the Buck brothers gives some indication of the gatehouse's form: the gate was an archway between two towers projecting from the curtain wall. It was reached by a stone causeway across a ditch, rather than a drawbridge. A tower containing a postern gate was located in the north-west corner of the enclosure, built at the close of the 14th century to guard the bridge over the Medway.


Context: when was rochester castle built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who built it?

Context: Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester

Context: King John and his son Henry

Context: what are its notable architectural features?

Context: Little is known about the design of the first castle and Gundulf's castle was enclosed by a stone wall.

Question: what is the bishop who built the castle known for?

Answer: He was the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Rochester.

Explanation: The Bishop of Rochester is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Rochester in the Province of Canterbury.

Bishop of Rochester [SEP] Introduction

The office was created in AD 604 at the founding of the diocese in the Kingdom of Kent under King Æthelberht.


Context: when was rochester castle built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who built it?

Context: Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester

Context: King John and his son Henry

Context: what is the bishop who built the castle known for?

Context: He was the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Rochester.

Question: why did the church separate from rome?

Answer: Henry VIII wanted an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn.

Church of England [SEP] Separation from Rome

In 1534, King Henry VIII separated the English Church from Rome. A theological separation had been foreshadowed by various movements within the English Church, such as Lollardy, but the English Reformation gained political support when Henry VIII wanted an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn. Pope Clement VII, considering that the earlier marriage had been entered under a papal dispensation and how Catherine's nephew, Emperor Charles V, might react to such a move, refused the annulment. Eventually, Henry, although theologically opposed to Protestantism, took the position of Protector and Supreme Head of the English Church and Clergy to ensure the annulment of his marriage.


Context: when was rochester castle built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who built it?

Context: Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester

Context: King John and his son Henry

Context: why did the church separate from rome?

Context: Henry VIII wanted an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn.

Question: what is the position of the church on the issues regarding bioethics?

Answer: It opposed abortion and euthanasia.

Church of England [SEP] Bioethics issues

The Church of England is generally opposed to abortion but recognises that "there can be - strictly limited - conditions under which it may be morally preferable to any available alternative". The church also opposes euthanasia. Its official stance is that "While acknowledging the complexity of the issues involved in assisted dying/suicide and voluntary euthanasia, the Church of England is opposed to any change in the law or in medical practice that would make assisted dying/suicide or voluntary euthanasia permissible in law or acceptable in practice." It also states that "Equally, the Church shares the desire to alleviate physical and psychological suffering, but believes that assisted dying/suicide and voluntary euthanasia are not acceptable means of achieving these laudable goals." In 2014, George Carey, a former Archbishop of Canterbury, announced that he had changed his stance on euthanasia and now advocated legalising "assisted dying".


Context: when was rochester castle built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who built it?

Context: Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester

Context: King John and his son Henry

Context: why did the church separate from rome?

Context: what is the position of the church on the issues regarding bioethics?

Context: It opposed abortion and euthanasia.

Question: do they have female priests?

Answer: Yes

Explanation: The ordination of women as priests was passed by the General Synod in 1992 and began in 1994. In 2010, for the first time in the history of the Church of England, more women than men were ordained as priests (290 women and 273 men).

Church of England [SEP] Women's ministry

Actual ordinations of women to the episcopate required further legislation, which was narrowly rejected in a vote at General Synod in November 2012. On 20 November 2013, the General Synod voted overwhelmingly in support of a plan to allow the ordination of women as bishops, with 378 in favour, 8 against and 25 abstentions.


Context: when was rochester castle built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who built it?

Context: Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester

Context: King John and his son Henry

Context: why did the church separate from rome?

Context: It opposed abortion and euthanasia.

Context: do they have female priests?

Context: Yes

Question: where was the woman whom the king wanted to marry born?

Answer: Norfolk at the Boleyn home at Blickling.

Anne Boleyn [SEP] Early years

Anne was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn, later Earl of Wiltshire and Earl of Ormond, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. Thomas Boleyn was a well-respected diplomat with a gift for languages; he was also a favourite of Henry VII of England, who sent him on many diplomatic missions abroad. Anne and her siblings grew up at Hever Castle in Kent. They were born in Norfolk at the Boleyn home at Blickling. A lack of parish records has made it impossible to establish Anne's date of birth. Contemporary evidence is contradictory, with several dates having been put forward by various historians.


Context: when was rochester castle built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who built it?

Context: Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester

Context: King John and his son Henry

Context: why did the church separate from rome?

Context: It opposed abortion and euthanasia.

Context: do they have female priests?

Context: Yes

Context: where was the woman whom the king wanted to marry born?

Context: Norfolk at the Boleyn home at Blickling.

Question: was she charged with any crime?

Answer: Yes, treason and other charges.

Anne Boleyn [SEP] Introduction

Anne Boleyn (; 1501 – 19 May 1536) was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of King Henry VIII. Their marriage, and her execution for treason and other charges by beheading, made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that marked the start of the English Reformation. Anne was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Howard, and was educated in the Netherlands and France, largely as a maid of honour to Queen Claude of France. Anne returned to England in early 1522, to marry her Irish cousin James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond; the marriage plans were broken off, and instead she secured a post at court as maid of honour to Henry VIII's wife, Catherine of Aragon.


Context: when was rochester castle built?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who built it?

Context: Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester

Context: King John and his son Henry

Context: why did the church separate from rome?

Context: It opposed abortion and euthanasia.

Context: do they have female priests?

Context: Yes

Context: was she charged with any crime?

Context: Yes, treason and other charges.

Question: where is she buried?

Answer: In an unmarked grave in the Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula.

Anne Boleyn [SEP] Death and burial

He made no serious attempt to save Anne's life, although some sources record that he had prepared her for death by hearing her last private confession of sins, in which she had stated her innocence before God. On the day of her death, a Scottish friend found Cranmer weeping uncontrollably in his London gardens, saying that he was sure that Anne had now gone to Heaven. She was then buried in an unmarked grave in the Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula. Her skeleton was identified during renovations of the chapel in 1876, in the reign of Queen Victoria, and Anne's grave is now identified on the marble floor.


Question: let’s have some fun this beat is sick i wanna take a ride on your disco stick

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

LoveGame [SEP] Introduction

"LoveGame" is a song released by American singer Lady Gaga from her debut studio album, "The Fame" (2008). Produced by RedOne, the track was released as the album's third single in North America and Europe and the fourth single in Australia, New Zealand, and Sweden after "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)". "LoveGame" was also released as the fourth single in the United Kingdom, after "Paparazzi". Critics appreciated the song's rhythm and the "I wanna take a ride on your disco stick" hook. Gaga had explained that the term "disco stick" is a euphemism for a penis and was inspired by her sexual attraction to a stranger at a night club.


Context: let’s have some fun this beat is sick i wanna take a ride on your disco stick

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who sung this song?

Answer: American singer Lady Gaga.

Explanation: "LoveGame" is a song released by American singer Lady Gaga from her debut studio album, "The Fame" (2008). Produced by RedOne, the track was released as the album's third single in North America and Europe and the fourth single in Australia, New Zealand, and Sweden after "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)".

LoveGame [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sung this song?

Context: American singer Lady Gaga.

Question: when is she born?

Answer: March 28, 1986

Lady Gaga [SEP] Introduction

Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta ( ) (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She is known for her consistent image reinventions and versatility in both music and entertainment. Gaga began performing as a teenager, singing at open mic nights and acting in school plays. She studied at Collaborative Arts Project 21, through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, before dropping out to pursue a career in music. When Def Jam Recordings canceled her contract, she worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing, where she signed a joint deal with Interscope Records and Akon's label, KonLive Distribution, in 2007.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sung this song?

Context: American singer Lady Gaga.

Context: when is she born?

Context: March 28, 1986

Question: what is her actual legal name?

Answer: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta.

Lady Gaga [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sung this song?

Context: American singer Lady Gaga.

Context: when is she born?

Context: March 28, 1986

Context: what is her actual legal name?

Context: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta.

Question: what did she achieve or do at an early age?

Answer: "The Fame" was released on August 19, 2008, and reached number one in Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the UK, as well as the top five in Australia and the US.

Lady Gaga [SEP] 2008–2010: Breakthrough with "The Fame" and "The Fame Monster"

By 2008, Gaga had relocated to Los Angeles to work extensively with her record label to complete her debut album, "The Fame", and to set up her own creative team called the Haus of Gaga, modeled on Andy Warhol's Factory. "The Fame" was released on August 19, 2008, and reached number one in Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the UK, as well as the top five in Australia and the US. Its first two singles, "Just Dance" and "Poker Face", reached number one in the United States, Australia, Canada and the UK. The latter was also the world's best-selling single of 2009, with 9.8 million copies sold that year, and spent a record 83 weeks on "Billboard" magazine's Digital Songs chart.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sung this song?

Context: American singer Lady Gaga.

Context: when is she born?

Context: March 28, 1986

Context: what is her actual legal name?

Context: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta.

Context: what did she achieve or do at an early age?

Context: "The Fame" was released on August 19, 2008, and reached number one in Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the UK, as well as the top five in Australia and the US.

Question: what is her musical style or type?

Answer: Electropop and dance-pop.

Lady Gaga [SEP] Musical style and themes

Gaga believes that "all good music can be played on a piano and still sound like a hit". Simon Reynolds wrote in 2010, "Everything about Gaga came from electroclash, except the music, which wasn't particularly 1980s, just ruthlessly catchy naughties pop glazed with Auto-Tune and undergirded with R&B-ish beats." Gaga's songs have covered a wide variety of concepts; "The Fame" discusses the lust for stardom, while the follow-up "The Fame Monster" expresses fame's dark side through monster metaphors. "The Fame" is an electropop and dance-pop album that has influences of 1980s pop and 1990s Europop, whereas "The Fame Monster" displays Gaga's taste for pastiche, drawing on "Seventies arena glam, perky ABBA disco, and sugary throwbacks like Stacey Q".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sung this song?

Context: American singer Lady Gaga.

Context: when is she born?

Context: March 28, 1986

Context: what is her actual legal name?

Context: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta.

Context: what is her musical style or type?

Context: Electropop and dance-pop.

Question: name a few artists from this genre or type of music.

Answer: Michael Jackson, the Beatles, Stevie Wonder, Queen, Bruce Springsteen, Pink Floyd, Mariah Carey, the Grateful Dead, Led Zeppelin, Whitney Houston, Elton John, David Bowie and Freddie Mercury Blondie and Garbage.

Lady Gaga [SEP] Influences

Gaga grew up listening to artists such as Michael Jackson, the Beatles, Stevie Wonder, Queen, Bruce Springsteen, Pink Floyd, Mariah Carey, the Grateful Dead, Led Zeppelin, Whitney Houston, Elton John, Blondie and Garbage, who have all influenced her music. Gaga's musical inspiration varies from dance-pop singers such as Madonna and Michael Jackson to rock artists such as David Bowie and Freddie Mercury, as well as the theatrics of the pop artist Andy Warhol and her own performance roots in musical theater. She has been compared to Madonna, who has said that she sees herself reflected in Gaga. Gaga says that she wants to revolutionize pop music as Madonna has.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sung this song?

Context: American singer Lady Gaga.

Context: when is she born?

Context: March 28, 1986

Context: what is her actual legal name?

Context: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta.

Context: what is her musical style or type?

Context: Electropop and dance-pop.

Context: name a few artists from this genre or type of music.

Context: Michael Jackson, the Beatles, Stevie Wonder, Queen, Bruce Springsteen, Pink Floyd, Mariah Carey, the Grateful Dead, Led Zeppelin, Whitney Houston, Elton John, David Bowie and Freddie Mercury Blondie and Garbage.

Question: name a few debut or single songs from the former mentioned artist's album released in 2008.

Answer: "Just Dance" and "Poker Face" from "The Fame" .

2008–2010: Breakthrough with "The Fame" and "The Fame Monster"

Explanation: "The Fame" was released on August 19, 2008, and reached number one in Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the UK, as well as the top five in Australia and the US. Its first two singles, "Just Dance" and "Poker Face", reached number one in the United States, Australia, Canada and the UK.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sung this song?

Context: American singer Lady Gaga.

Context: when is she born?

Context: March 28, 1986

Context: what is her actual legal name?

Context: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta.

Context: what is her musical style or type?

Context: Electropop and dance-pop.

Context: name a few debut or single songs from the former mentioned artist's album released in 2008.

Context: "Just Dance" and "Poker Face" from "The Fame" .

Question: and when was her first live performance to promote this compilation of songs?

Answer: The Fame Ball Tour in 2009

The Fame [SEP] Introduction

Gaga promoted the album with many television performances, award shows and also in her first headlining tour, The Fame Ball Tour in 2009. The first two singles "Just Dance" and "Poker Face" gained international success, topping the charts in several countries worldwide including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The subsequent singles "LoveGame" and "Paparazzi" were commercial successes as well, charting within the top-ten of over ten countries worldwide. "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)" had a limited single release, while "Beautiful, Dirty, Rich" served as a promotional single.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who sung this song?

Context: American singer Lady Gaga.

Context: when is she born?

Context: March 28, 1986

Context: what is her actual legal name?

Context: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta.

Context: what is her musical style or type?

Context: Electropop and dance-pop.

Context: and when was her first live performance to promote this compilation of songs?

Context: The Fame Ball Tour in 2009

Question: and where did this take place?

Answer: San Diego, California.

The Fame [SEP] Tour

The album received further promotion from her first headlining concert tour, The Fame Ball Tour, which started on March 12, 2009 in San Diego, California. It was Gaga's first concert tour with North American shows in March, followed by dates in Oceania and a solo trek through Europe. Dates in Asia soon followed, as well as two performances at England's V Festival and two shows in North America that had been postponed from April. Gaga described the tour as a traveling museum show incorporating artist Andy Warhol's pop-performance art concept. Tickets were distributed for charity also. Alternate versions of the show with minimal variations were planned by Gaga to accommodate different venues.


Question: who played the boss in cool hand luke

Answer: Morgan Woodward

Cool Hand Luke [SEP] Plot

In early 1950s Florida, decorated war veteran Lucas "Luke" Jackson (Paul Newman) is arrested for cutting parking meters off their poles one drunken night. He is sentenced to two years on a chain gang in a prison camp run by a stern warden known as the Captain (Strother Martin), along with Walking Boss Godfrey (Morgan Woodward), a taciturn rifleman whose eyes are always covered by a pair of mirrored sunglasses. Carr (Clifton James) the floorwalker tells the rules to the new set of prisoners. Even trivial violations result in a night in "the box", a small square room with limited air and very little room to move.


Context:
who played the boss in cool hand luke
Morgan Woodward

Question: where was this actor born?

Answer: Fort Worth, Texas

Morgan Woodward [SEP] Early years

Woodward was born in Fort Worth, Texas, the third of five sons of Dr. Valin Woodward and his wife, Frances McKinley. He grew up in Arlington, Texas, graduating from high school in 1944. After serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II, he enrolled at North Texas Agriculture College, where he was active in the theater. He graduated in 1948 with a Bachelor's of Business Administration in Finance. He went on to attend law school at the University of Texas at Austin. During that time he hosted a local radio talk show and sang with a barbershop quartet and a dance band.


Context:
who played the boss in cool hand luke
Morgan Woodward
where was this actor born?
Fort Worth, Texas

Question: what did he do early in his career?

Answer: Woodward was a member of the United States Army Air Force during World War II ,and he flew his first plane at the age of 16 years

Explanation: Woodward was a member of the United States Army Air Force during World War II. He flew his first plane at the age of 16 years. He returned to the military during the Korean War in the military air transport command.

Morgan Woodward [SEP] Military service