Context: Uruguay

Context: which team won the cup?

Context: Uruguay

Context: where is the former from?

Context: Montevideo

Context: and the second one?

Context: Montevideo

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: was this country ever ruled by the army?

Context: Yes, it was occupied by a British force from February to September, 1807.

Question: how is this country divided for administration?

Answer: It is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system.

Uruguay [SEP] Administrative divisions

Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system. The departmental executive authority resides in a superintendent and the legislative authority in a departmental board. Note:


Context: where was the first world cup football held

Context: Uruguay

Context: can you name the countries that participated?

Context: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and the United States were some of them.

Context: can you name any place where the matches were played?

Context: All matches took place in Montevideo. Three stadiums were used: "Estadio Centenario", "Estadio Pocitos" and "Estadio Gran Parque Central".

Context: which team won the cup?

Context: Uruguay

Context: can you name any of the players who scored a goal?

Context: Pablo Dorado, Pedro Cea and Santos Iriarte

Context: where is the former from?

Context: Montevideo

Context: and the second one?

Context: Montevideo

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: There are several interpretations, one of them is that it was named after a river snail, which were found in plenty in the river.

Context: what happened to this place in the 1900s?

Context: The political scene in Uruguay became split between two parties: the conservative “Blancos” representing the agricultural interests of the countryside; and the liberal “Colorados" representing the business interests of the place.

Context: how is this country divided for administration?

Context: It is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system.

Question: is this country democratic?

Answer: Yes, it is today a democratic constitutional republic.

Explanation: Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government.

Uruguay [SEP] Introduction


Context: Uruguay

Context: which team won the cup?

Context: Uruguay

Context: where is the former from?

Context: Montevideo

Context: and the second one?

Context: Montevideo

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: is this country democratic?

Context: Yes, it is today a democratic constitutional republic.

Question: what are the major crops grown here?

Answer: Soybean

Uruguay [SEP] Agriculture

In 2010, Uruguay's export-oriented agricultural sector contributed to 9.3% of the GDP and employed 13% of the workforce. Official statistics from Uruguay's Agriculture and Livestock Ministry indicate that meat and sheep farming in Uruguay occupies 59.6% of the land. The percentage further increases to 82.4% when cattle breeding is linked to other farm activities such as dairy, forage, and rotation with crops such as rice. According to FAOSTAT, Uruguay is one of the world's largest producers of soybeans (9th), greasy wool (12th), horse meat (14th), beeswax (14th), and quinces (17th). Most farms (25,500 out of 39,120) are family-managed; beef and wool represent the main activities and main source of income for 65% of them, followed by vegetable farming at 12%, dairy farming at 11%, hogs at 2%, and poultry also at 2%.


Context: Uruguay

Context: which team won the cup?

Context: Uruguay

Context: where is the former from?

Context: Montevideo

Context: and the second one?

Context: Montevideo

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: is this country democratic?

Context: what are the major crops grown here?

Context: Soybean

Question: do they use clean energy sources?

Answer: Yes, more than 97% of the country's electricity comes from renewable energy, such as hydroelectric facilities and wind parks.

Explanation: More than 97% of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy. The dramatic shift, taking less than ten years and without government funding, lowered electricity costs and slashed the country's carbon footprint. Most of the electricity comes from hydroelectric facilities and wind parks. Uruguay no longer imports electricity. Uruguay will be potentially among the main winners after the global transition to renewable energy is completed and is ranked no. 6 out of 156 countries in the index of geopolitical gains and losses after energy transition (GeGaLo Index).

Uruguay [SEP] Green energy supply


Context: Uruguay

Context: which team won the cup?

Context: Uruguay

Context: where is the former from?

Context: Montevideo

Context: and the second one?

Context: Montevideo

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: is this country democratic?

Context: what are the major crops grown here?

Context: Soybean

Context: do they use clean energy sources?

Context: Yes, more than 97% of the country's electricity comes from renewable energy, such as hydroelectric facilities and wind parks.

Question: how would you describe the type of energy that you just mentioned?

Answer: It is energy that is collected from resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

Renewable energy [SEP] Introduction

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy often provides energy in four important areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, transportation, and rural (off-grid) energy services. Based on REN21's 2017 report, renewables contributed 19.3% to humans' global energy consumption and 24.5% to their generation of electricity in 2015 and 2016, respectively. This energy consumption is divided as 8.9% coming from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (modern biomass, geothermal and solar heat), 3.9% from hydroelectricity and the remaining 2.2% is electricity from wind, solar, geothermal, and other forms of biomass.


Context: Uruguay

Context: which team won the cup?

Context: Uruguay

Context: where is the former from?

Context: Montevideo

Context: and the second one?

Context: Montevideo

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Uruguay

Context: how does the place get its name?

Context: is this country democratic?

Context: what are the major crops grown here?

Context: Soybean

Context: do they use clean energy sources?

Context: how would you describe the type of energy that you just mentioned?

Context: It is energy that is collected from resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

Question: what is the future of this type of energy?

Answer: The EIA has predicted that almost two thirds of net additions to power capacity will come from renewables by 2020.

Renewable energy [SEP] Future projections

Renewable energy technologies are getting cheaper, through technological change and through the benefits of mass production and market competition. A 2018 report from the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), found that the cost of renewable energy is quickly falling, and will likely be equal to or less than the cost non-renewables such as fossil fuels by 2020. The report found that solar power costs have dropped 73% since 2010 and onshore wind costs have dropped by 23% in that same timeframe. Current projections concerning the future cost of renewables vary however. The EIA has predicted that almost two thirds of net additions to power capacity will come from renewables by 2020 due to the combined policy benefits of local pollution, decarbonisation and energy diversification.


Question: when did duke of windsor return to england

Answer: In 1937.

Explanation: Letters Patent dated 27 May 1937 re-conferred the "title, style, or attribute of Royal Highness" upon the Duke, but specifically stated that "his wife and descendants, if any, shall not hold said title or attribute". Some British ministers advised that the reconfirmation was unnecessary since Edward had retained the style automatically, and further that Simpson would automatically obtain the rank of wife of a prince with the style "Her Royal Highness"; others maintained that he had lost all royal rank and should no longer carry any royal title or style as an abdicated king, and be referred to simply as "Mr Edward Windsor". On 14 April 1937, Attorney General Sir Donald Somervell submitted to Home Secretary Sir John Simon a memorandum summarising the views of Lord Advocate T. M. Cooper, Parliamentary Counsel Sir Granville Ram, and himself:

Edward VIII [SEP] Duke of Windsor

On 12 December 1936, at the accession meeting of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, George VI announced he was to make his brother the "Duke of Windsor" with the style of "Royal Highness". He wanted this to be the first act of his reign, although the formal documents were not signed until 8 March the following year. During the interim, Edward was universally known as the Duke of Windsor. George VI's decision to create Edward a royal duke ensured that he could neither stand for election to the British House of Commons nor speak on political subjects in the House of Lords.


Context: when did duke of windsor return to england

Context: In 1937.

Question: what was the name of this duke?

Answer: Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David also refered as Mr.Edward Windsor and universally known as the Duke of Windsor.

Edward VIII [SEP] Introduction

Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972), was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December of that year. Edward was born during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria as the eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George V and Queen Mary. He was created Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday, seven weeks after his father succeeded as king. As a young man, Edward served in the British Army during the First World War and undertook several overseas tours on behalf of his father.


Context: In 1937.

Context: what was the name of this duke?

Context: Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David also refered as Mr.Edward Windsor and universally known as the Duke of Windsor.

Question: is he also the prince of any place?

Answer: Yes, Prince of Wales.

Explanation: Edward was born during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria as the eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George V and Queen Mary. He was created Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday, seven weeks after his father succeeded as king. As a young man, Edward served in the British Army during the First World War and undertook several overseas tours on behalf of his father. While Prince of Wales, he engaged in a series of affairs that worried his father and the British prime minister, Stanley Baldwin.

Edward VIII [SEP] Introduction

Additionally, such a marriage would have conflicted with Edward's status as the titular head of the Church of England, which at the time disapproved of remarriage after divorce if a former spouse was still alive. Edward knew the Baldwin government would resign if the marriage went ahead, which could have forced a general election and would have ruined his status as a politically neutral constitutional monarch. When it became apparent he could not marry Wallis and remain on the throne, he abdicated. He was succeeded by his younger brother, George VI. With a reign of 326 days, Edward is one of the shortest-reigning monarchs in British history.


Context: In 1937.

Context: what was the name of this duke?

Context: is he also the prince of any place?

Context: Yes, Prince of Wales.

Question: who were his parents?

Answer: King George V and Queen Mary.

Edward VIII [SEP] Introduction


Context: In 1937.

Context: what was the name of this duke?

Context: is he also the prince of any place?

Context: Yes, Prince of Wales.

Context: who were his parents?

Context: King George V and Queen Mary.

Question: who did he marry?

Answer: Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor.

Explanation: Wallis, Duchess of Windsor (born Bessie Wallis Warfield; 19 June 1896 – 24 April 1986), known as Wallis Simpson, was an American socialite and wife of the Duke of Windsor, the former British king Edward VIII. Their intention to marry and her status as a divorcée caused a constitutional crisis that led to Edward's abdication

Wallis Simpson [SEP] Introduction

In 1931, during her second marriage, to Ernest Simpson, she met Edward, then Prince of Wales. Five years later, after Edward's accession as King of the United Kingdom, Wallis divorced her second husband to marry Edward. The King's desire to marry a woman who had two living ex-husbands threatened to cause a constitutional crisis in the United Kingdom and the Dominions, and ultimately led to his abdication in December 1936 to marry "the woman I love". After abdicating, the former king was created Duke of Windsor by his brother and successor, King George VI. Wallis married Edward six months later, after which she was formally known as the Duchess of Windsor, but was not allowed to share her husband's style of "Royal Highness".


Question: who played will smith's daughter in i am legend

Answer: Willow Smith

I Am Legend (film) [SEP] Casting

Abbey and Kona, both three-year-old German Shepherd dogs, played Neville's dog Sam. The rest of the supporting cast consists of Salli Richardson as Zoe, Robert's wife, and Alice Braga as a survivor named Anna. Willow Smith, Will Smith's daughter, makes her film debut as Marley, Neville's daughter. Emma Thompson has an uncredited role as Dr. Alice Krippin, who appears on television explaining her vaccine for cancer that mutates into the virus. Singer Mike Patton provided the guttural screams of the infected "hemocytes", and Dash Mihok provided the character animation for the infected "alpha male". Several filler characters with uncredited roles were in old news broadcasts and flashbacks, such as the unnamed President's voice (Pat Fraley), and the cast of "The Today Show".


Context: who played will smith's daughter in i am legend

Context: Willow Smith

Question: what was the film about?

Answer: It is about how a virus that was originally created to cure cancer, wiped out most of mankind,  leaving Neville as the last human in New York, other than nocturnal mutants. Neville is immune, and works to develop a cure while defending himself against the hostile mutants.

I Am Legend (film) [SEP] Introduction

I Am Legend is a 2007 American post-apocalyptic action thriller film loosely based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Richard Matheson. Directed by Francis Lawrence, the film stars Will Smith as US Army virologist Robert Neville. It is set in New York City after a virus, which was originally created to cure cancer, has wiped out most of mankind, leaving Neville as the last human in New York, other than nocturnal mutants. Neville is immune to the virus and he works to develop a cure while defending himself against the hostile mutants. It is the third feature-film adaptation of Matheson's 1954 novel "I Am Legend", following 1964's "The Last Man on Earth" and 1971's "The Omega Man".


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: It is about how a virus that was originally created to cure cancer, wiped out most of mankind,  leaving Neville as the last human in New York, other than nocturnal mutants. Neville is immune, and works to develop a cure while defending himself against the hostile mutants.

Question: was there anything particular about its ending?

Answer: It has two endings - in the director's cut ending, Neville heads to Vermont along with Anna and Ethan.

Explanation: The next morning, Neville abandons his research and heads along with Anna and Ethan to Vermont, a changed man, in the hope of finding the survivors’ colony. They drive down across a bridge while Anna delivers a hopeful monologue ending with the statement: "You are not alone.”

I Am Legend (film) [SEP] Director's Cut ending

The next morning, Neville abandons his research and heads along with Anna and Ethan to Vermont, a changed man, in the hope of finding the survivors' colony. They drive down across a bridge while Anna delivers a hopeful monologue ending with the statement: "You are not alone.”


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: was there anything particular about its ending?

Context: It has two endings - in the director's cut ending, Neville heads to Vermont along with Anna and Ethan.

Question: is there any other film planned related to this one?

Answer: Director Francis Lawrence said in 2008 that there would be a prequel and that Will Smith would be reprising his role.

I Am Legend (film) [SEP] Possible prequel

Director Francis Lawrence said in 2008 that there would be a prequel and that Will Smith would be reprising his role. The plot of the film would reveal what happened to Neville before the infected took over New York. D. B. Weiss was hired to write the script, while Lawrence was in negotiations to return as director, contingent on a sufficiently interesting story. Smith later discussed the premise, which would have his character and a team going from New York City to Washington, D.C., as they made their last stand against those infected with the virus. The film would again explore the premise of being alone.


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: is there any other film planned related to this one?

Context: Director Francis Lawrence said in 2008 that there would be a prequel and that Will Smith would be reprising his role.

Question: are the actors who played father and daughter related to each other?

Answer: Yes, they are father and daughter in real life.

Willow Smith [SEP] Introduction

Willow Camille Reign Smith (born October 31, 2000), also known mononymously as Willow, is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer, actress and dancer. She is the daughter of Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith, and the younger sister of Jaden Smith. Smith made her acting debut in 2007 in the film "I Am Legend" and later appeared in "" alongside Abigail Breslin. She received a Young Artist Award for her performance. Smith launched her music career in the autumn of 2010 with the release of the singles "Whip My Hair" in 2010 and "21st Century Girl" in 2011, and signed to her current mentor Jay-Z's record label Roc Nation in 2010, becoming the youngest artist signed to the label.


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: are the actors who played father and daughter related to each other?

Context: Yes, they are father and daughter in real life.

Question: who is the father married to?

Answer: Jada Koren Pinkett

Will Smith [SEP] Personal life

Smith married Sheree Zampino in 1992. Their son Willard Carroll "Trey" Smith III was born on November 11, 1992. They divorced in 1995. Trey appeared in his father's music video for the 1998 single "Just the Two of Us". He also acted in two episodes of the sitcom "All of Us", and has appeared on "The Oprah Winfrey Show" and the "David Blaine: Real or Magic" TV special. Smith married actress Jada Koren Pinkett in 1997. They met when Jada auditioned for a role as Smith's character's girlfriend on the '90s sitcom, "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air". Jada did not get the part because she was too short.


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Question: is she also an actor?

Answer: Yes, she is an American actress, screenwriter, producer, talk show host, businesswoman, and an occasional singer-songwriter.

Jada Pinkett Smith [SEP] Introduction

Jada Koren Pinkett Smith (; born September 18, 1971) is an American actress, screenwriter, producer, talk show host, businesswoman, and an occasional singer-songwriter. She began her acting career in 1990, with a guest appearance on the short-lived sitcom "True Colors", and subsequently starred in the television series "A Different World" (1991–1993). She made her feature film debut in "Menace II Society" (1993). Her breakthrough came opposite Eddie Murphy in "The Nutty Professor" (1996), and she has since starred in more than 20 feature films, including "Set It Off" (1996), "Scream 2" (1997), "Ali" (2001), "The Matrix Reloaded" (2003), "The Matrix Revolutions" (2003), "Collateral" (2004), the "Madagascar" films (2005–2012), "Magic Mike XXL" (2015), "Bad Moms" (2016), "Girls Trip" (2017), and "Angel Has Fallen" (2019).


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Context: is she also an actor?

Context: Yes, she is an American actress, screenwriter, producer, talk show host, businesswoman, and an occasional singer-songwriter.

Question: which are her successful film projects?

Answer: "The Nutty Professor", "The Matrix Reloaded" etc.

Explanation: Her breakthrough came opposite Eddie Murphy in "The Nutty Professor" (1996), and she has since starred in more than 20 feature films, including "Set It Off" (1996), "Scream 2" (1997), "Ali" (2001), "The Matrix Reloaded" (2003), "The Matrix Revolutions" (2003), "Collateral" (2004), the "Madagascar" films (2005–2012), "Magic Mike XXL" (2015), "Bad Moms" (2016), "Girls Trip" (2017), and "Angel Has Fallen" (2019). On television, she has starred in "Hawthorne" (2009–2011) and "Gotham" (2014–2016).

Jada Pinkett Smith [SEP] Introduction

On television, she has starred in "Hawthorne" (2009–2011) and "Gotham" (2014–2016). Pinkett Smith launched her music career in 2002, when she helped create the heavy metal band Wicked Wisdom, for which she was a singer and songwriter. Along with her husband Will Smith, she has a production company, and has had producing credits in films, documentaries, and television series. She also wrote a children's book, "Girls Hold Up This World", which was published in 2004.


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Context: is she also an actor?

Context: which are her successful film projects?

Context: "The Nutty Professor", "The Matrix Reloaded" etc.

Question: does she have any other children apart from the one discussed above?

Answer: Yes, the have a son Jaden, and she is stepmother of Trey Smith, Will's son from a previous marriage.

Jada Pinkett Smith [SEP] Family

I'm here as his partner, but he is his own man". However, she denied such, clarifying her statements on Facebook, writing: "Open marriage? The statement I made in regard to, 'Will can do whatever he wants', has illuminated the need to discuss the relationship between trust and love and how they co-exist". Jada and Will have two children, Jaden (born 1998), and Willow (born 2000). She is also the stepmother of Trey Smith, Will's son from a previous marriage.


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Context: is she also an actor?

Context: which are her successful film projects?

Context: does she have any other children apart from the one discussed above?

Context: Yes, the have a son Jaden, and she is stepmother of Trey Smith, Will's son from a previous marriage.

Question: what are her religious beliefs?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Jada Pinkett Smith [SEP] Scientology

After meeting Tom Cruise during the filming of "Collateral" in 2004, Pinkett Smith and Smith donated US$20,000 to the Hollywood Education and Literacy Program (HELP), Scientology's basis for homeschooling. In October 2018, Leah Remini and Jada Smith cleared their differences on "Red Table Talk" where both stated that Jada and Will were never involved with the church.


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Context: is she also an actor?

Context: which are her successful film projects?

Context: what are her religious beliefs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what accolades did the original film discussed above receive?

Answer: It earned four nominations for the Visual Effects Society awards, and was also nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble at the Screen Actors Guild Awards, Outstanding Film and Actor at the Image Awards, and Best Sound at the Satellite Awards.

Explanation:
"I Am Legend" earned four nominations for the Visual Effects Society awards, and was also nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble at the Screen Actors Guild Awards, Outstanding Film and Actor at the Image Awards, and Best Sound at the Satellite Awards. In June 2008, Will Smith won a Saturn Award for Best Actor.
Will Smith also won the MTV Movie Awards for Best Male Performance.

I Am Legend (film) [SEP] Accolades


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Context: is she also an actor?

Context: which are her successful film projects?

Context: what are her religious beliefs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what accolades did the original film discussed above receive?

Context: It earned four nominations for the Visual Effects Society awards, and was also nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble at the Screen Actors Guild Awards, Outstanding Film and Actor at the Image Awards, and Best Sound at the Satellite Awards.

Question: does the lead actor have any career apart from acting?

Answer: Yes, he is also a producer and rapper.

Will Smith [SEP] Introduction

Willard Carroll Smith Jr. (born September 25, 1968) is an American actor, producer and rapper. In April 2007, "Newsweek" called him "the most powerful actor in Hollywood". Smith has been nominated for five Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards, and has won four Grammy Awards. In the late 1980s, Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince. In 1990, his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the NBC television series "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air", which ran for six seasons from 1990 to 1996. After the series ended, Smith transitioned from television to film and went on to star in numerous blockbuster films.


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Context: is she also an actor?

Context: which are her successful film projects?

Context: what are her religious beliefs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: does the lead actor have any career apart from acting?

Context: Yes, he is also a producer and rapper.

Question: what are some of his solo music works?

Answer: "Men in Black" and "Just Cruisin"

Will Smith [SEP] 1993–1997: Solo music and film breakthrough

The film was released on July 2 by Columbia Pictures and grossed over $589.3 million worldwide against a $90 million budget, becoming the year's third highest-grossing film, with an estimated 54,616,700 tickets sold in the US. It received worldwide acclaim, with critics highly praising its humor, as well as Jones and Smith's performances. During the summer of 1997, Smith also began his solo music career with the release of "Men in Black", the theme song for the film, which topped singles charts in several regions across the world, including the UK. "Men in Black" (and second single "Just Cruisin'") was later included on Smith's debut solo album "Big Willie Style", which reached the top ten of the US "Billboard" 200 and was certified nine times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Context: is she also an actor?

Context: which are her successful film projects?

Context: what are her religious beliefs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, he is also a producer and rapper.

Context: what are some of his solo music works?

Context: "Men in Black" and "Just Cruisin"

Question: which good causes does he support?

Answer: The Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Center in Israel, he founded a private elementary school -  the New Village Leadership Academy.

Explanation: Smith gave $1.3 million to charities in 2007, of which $450,000 went to two Christian ministries, and $122,500 went to three Scientology organizations; the remaining beneficiaries included "a Los Angeles mosque, other Christian-based schools and churches, and ... the Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Center in Israel." Smith and his wife have also founded a private elementary school in Calabasas, California, the New Village Leadership Academy. Federal tax filing showed that Smith donated $1.2 million to the school in 2010.

Will Smith [SEP] Philanthropy


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Context: is she also an actor?

Context: which are her successful film projects?

Context: what are her religious beliefs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, he is also a producer and rapper.

Context: what are some of his solo music works?

Context: "Men in Black" and "Just Cruisin"

Context: which good causes does he support?

Context: The Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Center in Israel, he founded a private elementary school -  the New Village Leadership Academy.

Question: does his wife also support same causes?

Answer: Yes, they created the Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation in Baltimore, Maryland, a charity which focuses on youth in urban inner cities and family support.

Jada Pinkett Smith [SEP] Philanthropy

Together with Will, Pinkett Smith has created the Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation in Baltimore, Maryland, a charity which focuses on youth in urban inner cities and family support. Her aunt, Karen Banfield Evans, is the foundation's executive director. The charity was awarded the David Angell Humanitarian Award by The American Screenwriters Association (ASA) in 2006. The Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation has provided grants to non-profit organizations such as YouthBuild, and Pinkett Smith has made personal donations to organizations such as Capital K-9s. When Pinkett Smith's aunt, Karen Banfield Evans, was diagnosed with lupus, the Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation, in association with the Lupus Foundation of America and Maybelline, held the first annual "Butterflies Over Hollywood" event on September 29, 2007, at the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles.


Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Context: is she also an actor?

Context: which are her successful film projects?

Context: what are her religious beliefs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, he is also a producer and rapper.

Context: what are some of his solo music works?

Context: "Men in Black" and "Just Cruisin"

Context: which good causes does he support?

Context: does his wife also support same causes?

Context: Yes, they created the Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation in Baltimore, Maryland, a charity which focuses on youth in urban inner cities and family support.

Question: does the academy have any connections with scientology?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Jada Pinkett Smith [SEP] Philanthropy


Context: who played will smith's daughter in i am legend

Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: It is about how a virus that was originally created to cure cancer, wiped out most of mankind,  leaving Neville as the last human in New York, other than nocturnal mutants. Neville is immune, and works to develop a cure while defending himself against the hostile mutants.

Context: was there anything particular about its ending?

Context: It has two endings - in the director's cut ending, Neville heads to Vermont along with Anna and Ethan.

Context: is there any other film planned related to this one?

Context: Director Francis Lawrence said in 2008 that there would be a prequel and that Will Smith would be reprising his role.

Context: are the actors who played father and daughter related to each other?

Context: Yes, they are father and daughter in real life.

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Context: is she also an actor?

Context: Yes, she is an American actress, screenwriter, producer, talk show host, businesswoman, and an occasional singer-songwriter.

Context: which are her successful film projects?

Context: "The Nutty Professor", "The Matrix Reloaded" etc.

Context: does she have any other children apart from the one discussed above?

Context: Yes, the have a son Jaden, and she is stepmother of Trey Smith, Will's son from a previous marriage.

Context: what are her religious beliefs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what accolades did the original film discussed above receive?

Context: It earned four nominations for the Visual Effects Society awards, and was also nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble at the Screen Actors Guild Awards, Outstanding Film and Actor at the Image Awards, and Best Sound at the Satellite Awards.

Context: does the lead actor have any career apart from acting?

Context: Yes, he is also a producer and rapper.

Context: what are some of his solo music works?

Context: "Men in Black" and "Just Cruisin"

Context: which good causes does he support?

Context: The Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Center in Israel, he founded a private elementary school -  the New Village Leadership Academy.

Context: does his wife also support same causes?

Context: Yes, they created the Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation in Baltimore, Maryland, a charity which focuses on youth in urban inner cities and family support.

Context: does the academy have any connections with scientology?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the source of funding for the academy?

Answer: In 2008, the actor paid US$890,000 to lease the Calabasas campus for three years,

New Village Leadership Academy [SEP] Funding

The school's campus was formerly used by Indian Hills High School, which relocated to Agoura High School in Agoura Hills, California to save money. In 2008, actor Will Smith paid US$890,000 to lease the Calabasas campus for three years, restructuring it from a high school to a private elementary school called New Village Academy. The school is located close to Will Smith's home in Calabasas. In 2004 Smith and his wife Jada Pinkett Smith gave $20,000 to the Scientology homeschooling organization Hollywood Education and Literacy Program (HELP), which is licensed by the non-profit corporation Applied Scholastics. Prior to New Village Academy, Smith and Pinkett Smith's two children were home-schooled by their mother.


Context: who played will smith's daughter in i am legend

Context: Willow Smith

Context: what was the film about?

Context: It is about how a virus that was originally created to cure cancer, wiped out most of mankind,  leaving Neville as the last human in New York, other than nocturnal mutants. Neville is immune, and works to develop a cure while defending himself against the hostile mutants.

Context: was there anything particular about its ending?

Context: It has two endings - in the director's cut ending, Neville heads to Vermont along with Anna and Ethan.

Context: is there any other film planned related to this one?

Context: Director Francis Lawrence said in 2008 that there would be a prequel and that Will Smith would be reprising his role.

Context: are the actors who played father and daughter related to each other?

Context: Yes, they are father and daughter in real life.

Context: who is the father married to?

Context: Jada Koren Pinkett

Context: is she also an actor?

Context: Yes, she is an American actress, screenwriter, producer, talk show host, businesswoman, and an occasional singer-songwriter.

Context: which are her successful film projects?

Context: "The Nutty Professor", "The Matrix Reloaded" etc.

Context: does she have any other children apart from the one discussed above?

Context: Yes, the have a son Jaden, and she is stepmother of Trey Smith, Will's son from a previous marriage.

Context: what are her religious beliefs?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what accolades did the original film discussed above receive?

Context: It earned four nominations for the Visual Effects Society awards, and was also nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble at the Screen Actors Guild Awards, Outstanding Film and Actor at the Image Awards, and Best Sound at the Satellite Awards.

Context: does the lead actor have any career apart from acting?

Context: Yes, he is also a producer and rapper.

Context: what are some of his solo music works?

Context: "Men in Black" and "Just Cruisin"

Context: which good causes does he support?

Context: The Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Center in Israel, he founded a private elementary school -  the New Village Leadership Academy.

Context: does his wife also support same causes?

Context: Yes, they created the Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation in Baltimore, Maryland, a charity which focuses on youth in urban inner cities and family support.

Context: does the academy have any connections with scientology?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the source of funding for the academy?

Context: In 2008, the actor paid US$890,000 to lease the Calabasas campus for three years,

Question: what subjects are taught there?

Answer: mathematics, literacy, Spanish, karate, yoga, robotics, technology, etiquette, art, and living skills.

New Village Leadership Academy [SEP] Teaching and staff

Educational methodologies used by the school included Montessori, Gardner, Jerome Bruner, and Study Technology. Subjects included in the school's curriculum include mathematics, literacy, Spanish, karate, yoga, robotics, technology, etiquette, art, and living skills. New Village Academy served organic meals to students, and laptops were made available to all students. The school encouraged parental involvement and restricted access to television. Tuition was approximately $22,500 per year to attend the school, and 80% of the students would receive financial assistance.


Question: who is the creator of 'the powerpuff girls'?

Answer: Craig McCracken

The Powerpuff Girls [SEP] Introduction

The Powerpuff Girls is an American superhero animated television series created by animator Craig McCracken and produced by Hanna-Barbera (later Cartoon Network Studios) for Cartoon Network. The show centers on Blossom, Bubbles, and Buttercup, three kindergarten-aged girls with superpowers. The girls all live in the fictional city of Townsville with their father and creator, a scientist named Professor Utonium, and are frequently called upon by the city's mayor to help fight nearby criminals and other enemies using their powers. McCracken originally developed the show in 1992 as a cartoon short entitled "Whoopass Stew!" while in his second year at CalArts.


Context: who is the creator of 'the powerpuff girls'?

Context: Craig McCracken

Question: who produced it?

Answer: Hanna-Barbera

The Powerpuff Girls [SEP] Introduction


Context: Craig McCracken

Context: who produced it?

Context: Hanna-Barbera

Question: when was it first released?

Answer: November 18, 1998

The Powerpuff Girls [SEP] Introduction

Following a name change, Cartoon Network featured the first Powerpuff Girls pilots in its animation showcase program "World Premiere Toons" in 1995 and 1996. The series made its official debut as a Cartoon Cartoon on November 18, 1998, with the final episode airing on March 25, 2005. A total of 78 episodes were aired in addition to two shorts, a Christmas special, a feature film, a tenth anniversary special, and a special episode using CGI technology. Various spin-off media include an anime, three CD soundtracks, a home video collection, comic books, a series of video games, a 2016 reboot series, as well as various licensed merchandise.


Context: Craig McCracken

Context: who produced it?

Context: Hanna-Barbera

Context: when was it first released?

Context: November 18, 1998

Question: who are the characters in this cartoon?

Answer: Blossom, Bubbles, Buttercup

Explanation: The show centers on Blossom, Bubbles, and Buttercup, three kindergarten-aged girls with superpowers.

The Powerpuff Girls [SEP] Introduction


Context: Craig McCracken

Context: who produced it?

Context: Hanna-Barbera

Context: when was it first released?

Context: November 18, 1998

Context: who are the characters in this cartoon?

Context: Blossom, Bubbles, Buttercup

Question: who voices the first character mentioned above?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Powerpuff Girls [SEP] Introduction


Context: Craig McCracken

Context: who produced it?

Context: Hanna-Barbera

Context: when was it first released?

Context: November 18, 1998

Context: who are the characters in this cartoon?

Context: Blossom, Bubbles, Buttercup

Context: who voices the first character mentioned above?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who voices the second character?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Powerpuff Girls [SEP] Introduction


Context: Craig McCracken

Context: who produced it?

Context: Hanna-Barbera

Context: when was it first released?

Context: November 18, 1998

Context: who are the characters in this cartoon?

Context: Blossom, Bubbles, Buttercup

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who voices the second character?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who composed the music for this cartoon?

Answer: Three CD soundtracks were officially released for the series, the first, entitled "Heroes & Villains", features original songs about the "Powerpuff Girls" characters by a number of artists, including the new wave group Devo, Bis, The Apples in Stereo and Frank Black.

The Powerpuff Girls [SEP] Music

Three CD soundtracks were officially released for the series. The first, entitled "Heroes & Villains", features original songs about the "Powerpuff Girls" characters by a number of artists, including the new wave group Devo, Bis, The Apples in Stereo and Frank Black. The first album did well, topping the "Billboard"s children's music chart for six weeks. Another album entitled "The City of Soundsville" features electronica-style character themes and also did well with critics. The third album, entitled "Power Pop", features a more teen-oriented variety of pop songs. This third and final album was considered a "big disappointment" and was not received as well as the previous albums.


Context: Craig McCracken

Context: who produced it?

Context: Hanna-Barbera

Context: when was it first released?

Context: November 18, 1998

Context: who are the characters in this cartoon?

Context: Blossom, Bubbles, Buttercup

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who voices the second character?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who composed the music for this cartoon?

Context: Three CD soundtracks were officially released for the series, the first, entitled "Heroes & Villains", features original songs about the "Powerpuff Girls" characters by a number of artists, including the new wave group Devo, Bis, The Apples in Stereo and Frank Black.

Question: is there a film based on this cartoon?

Answer: Yes, "The Powerpuff Girls Movie" was released in the United States on July 3, 2002, by Warner Bros. Pictures

The Powerpuff Girls [SEP] Film

"The Powerpuff Girls Movie" was released in the United States on July 3, 2002, by Warner Bros. Pictures. The movie, a prequel to the series, tells the story of how the Powerpuff Girls were created, and how Mojo Jojo (voiced by: Roger L. Jackson) became a supervillain. After Blossom, Bubbles, and Buttercup were created by Professor Utonium to help the city against crime, they end up only causing chaos in Townsville. Down about how everyone refers to them as freaks, they turn to Mojo Jojo, a monkey who says he is there to help make people like them again. Unknown to the girls, Mojo Jojo was Professor Utonium's lab chimp helper who was mutated when the Powerpuff Girls were made.


Context: Craig McCracken

Context: who produced it?

Context: Hanna-Barbera

Context: when was it first released?

Context: November 18, 1998

Context: who are the characters in this cartoon?

Context: Blossom, Bubbles, Buttercup

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who voices the second character?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there a film based on this cartoon?

Context: Yes, "The Powerpuff Girls Movie" was released in the United States on July 3, 2002, by Warner Bros. Pictures

Question: you had mentioned the creator of this cartoon, can you tell me what are his other creations or famous works?

Answer: "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends", "Wander Over Yonder", "Dexter's Laboratory"

Craig McCracken [SEP] Introduction

Craig McCracken (born March 31, 1971) is an American animator, writer, and cartoonist. He created the Cartoon Network animated television series "The Powerpuff Girls" and "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends", as well as "Wander Over Yonder" for the Disney Channel. McCracken has previously served as an art director and storyboard artist for "2 Stupid Dogs" and "Dexter's Laboratory" respectively. He has been married to fellow animator Lauren Faust since 2004. He is set to create and executive produce "Kid Cosmic", an animated series for Netflix, set for a 2020 release date.


Context: Craig McCracken

Context: who produced it?

Context: Hanna-Barbera

Context: when was it first released?

Context: November 18, 1998

Context: who are the characters in this cartoon?

Context: Blossom, Bubbles, Buttercup

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who voices the second character?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there a film based on this cartoon?

Context: you had mentioned the creator of this cartoon, can you tell me what are his other creations or famous works?

Context: "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends", "Wander Over Yonder", "Dexter's Laboratory"

Question: when was the first show mentioned above first released?

Answer: August 13, 2004

Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends [SEP] Introduction

The episodes revolve around Mac and Bloo as they interact with other imaginary friends and house staff and live out their day-to-day adventures, often getting caught up in various predicaments. McCracken conceived the series after adopting two dogs from an animal shelter and applying the concept to imaginary friends. The show first premiered on Cartoon Network on August 13, 2004, as a 90-minute television film. On August 20, it began its normal run of twenty-to-thirty-minute episodes on Fridays, at 7 p.m. The series finished its run on May 3, 2009, with a total of six seasons and seventy-nine episodes. McCracken left Cartoon Network shortly after the series ended.


Context: Craig McCracken

Context: who produced it?

Context: Hanna-Barbera

Context: when was it first released?

Context: November 18, 1998

Context: who are the characters in this cartoon?

Context: Blossom, Bubbles, Buttercup

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who voices the second character?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there a film based on this cartoon?

Context: when was the first show mentioned above first released?

Context: August 13, 2004

Question: is that an animated show?

Answer: Yes, it is an American animated television series

Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends (also known as Foster's Home, or simply Foster's for short) is an American animated television series created by Craig McCracken for Cartoon Network. It was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and is the first show made by the network to be animated primarily with Adobe Flash and was done in Ireland by Boulder Media. Set in a world in which imaginary friends coexist with humans, it centers on a boy named Mac who is pressured by his mother to abandon his imaginary friend Bloo. After the duo discover an orphanage dedicated to housing abandoned imaginary friends, Bloo moves into the home and is kept from adoption as long as Mac visits him daily.


Context: Craig McCracken

Context: who produced it?

Context: Hanna-Barbera

Context: when was it first released?

Context: November 18, 1998

Context: who are the characters in this cartoon?

Context: Blossom, Bubbles, Buttercup

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who voices the second character?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there a film based on this cartoon?

Context: August 13, 2004

Context: is that an animated show?

Context: Yes, it is an American animated television series

Question: who are the characters in that series?

Answer: Mac, Bloo, Madame Foster

Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends [SEP] Premise

The series is set in a universe in which childhood imaginary friends coexist with humans. In the show's universe, imaginary friends take physical form and become real as soon as children think them up. Once children outgrow them, friends are relocated to the titular orphanage, where they stay until other children adopt them. The home is run by the elderly Madame Foster, its lovable, kind founder; her rabbit imaginary friend Mr. Herriman, the strict rule-abider and business manager; and her granddaughter Frankie, who handles day-to-day operations. In the series' premiere episode, a young boy named Mac is pressured by his mother to abandon his imaginary friend Bloo, since she believes that he is too old to keep him.


Question: when did times square start dropping the ball

Answer: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Explanation: ration in Times Square commonly referred to as the ball drop, where the ball descends down a specially designed flagpole, beginning at 11:59:00 p.m. ET, and resting at midnight to signal the start of the new year. In recent years, the festivities hav

Times Square Ball [SEP] Introduction

First held on December 31, 1907, to welcome 1908, the ball drop has been held annually since, except in 1942 and 1943 in observance of wartime blackouts. The ball's design has been updated over the years to reflect improvements in lighting technology; the ball was initially constructed from wood and iron, and lit with 100 incandescent light bulbs. The current incarnation features a computerized LED lighting system and an outer surface consisting of triangular crystal panels. These panels contain inscriptions representing a yearly theme. Since 2009, the current ball has been displayed atop on Times Square year-round, while the original, smaller version of the current ball that was used in 2008 has been on display inside the Times Square visitor's center.


Context: when did times square start dropping the ball

Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Question: where does it happen?

Answer: New York City's Times Square.

Times Square Ball [SEP] Introduction

The Times Square Ball is a time ball located in New York City's Times Square. Located on the roof of One Times Square, the ball is a prominent part of a New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square commonly referred to as the ball drop, where the ball descends down a specially designed flagpole, beginning at 11:59:00 p.m. ET, and resting at midnight to signal the start of the new year. In recent years, the festivities have been preceded by live entertainment, including performances by musicians. The event was first organized by Adolph Ochs, owner of "The New York Times" newspaper, as a successor to a series of New Year's Eve fireworks displays he held at the building to promote its status as the new headquarters of the "Times", while the ball itself was designed by Artkraft Strauss.


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Question: when was this event held for the first time?

Answer: December 31, 1907

Explanation: ding to promote its status as the new headquarters of the "Times", while the ball itself was designed by Artkraft Strauss. First held on December 31, 1907, to welcome 1908, the ball drop has been held annually since, except in 1942 and 1943 in observance of wartime blackouts.

Times Square Ball [SEP] Introduction


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Context: when was this event held for the first time?

Context: December 31, 1907

Question: and who was that organized by?

Answer: Adolph Ochs.

Explanation: The event was first organized by Adolph Ochs, owner of "The New York Times" newspaper, as a successor to a series of New Year's Eve fireworks displays he held at the building to promote its

Times Square Ball [SEP] Introduction


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Context: December 31, 1907

Context: and who was that organized by?

Context: Adolph Ochs.

Question: who was he?

Answer: He was an American newspaper publisher and former owner of "The New York Times" and "The Chattanooga Times".

Explanation: Adolph Simon Ochs (March 12, 1858 – April 8, 1935) was an American newspaper publisher and former owner of "The New York Times" and "The Chattanooga Times" (now the "Chattanooga Times Free Press").

Adolph Ochs [SEP] Introduction


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Context: December 31, 1907

Context: and who was that organized by?

Context: Adolph Ochs.

Context: who was he?

Context: He was an American newspaper publisher and former owner of "The New York Times" and "The Chattanooga Times".

Question: is the first newspaper still in circulation?

Answer: Yes.

The New York Times [SEP] Introduction

The New York Times (NYT), is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership. Nicknamed "the Gray Lady", the "Times" has long been regarded within the industry as a national "newspaper of record". The paper's motto, "All the News That's Fit to Print", appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. Founded in 1851, the paper has won 130 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper. It is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S. The paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded.


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Context: December 31, 1907

Context: and who was that organized by?

Context: Adolph Ochs.

Context: who was he?

Context: is the first newspaper still in circulation?

Context: Yes.

Question: how does it cater to the digital platforms?

Answer: Digital subscription rates for four weeks range from $15 to $35 depending on the package selected, with periodic new subscriber promotions offering four-week all-digital access for as low as 99¢. Subscribers to the paper's print edition get full access without any additional fee

The New York Times [SEP] Paywall and digital subscriptions

Readers would be able to access up to 20 articles each month without charge. (Although beginning in April 2012, the number of free-access articles was halved to just ten articles per month.) Any reader who wanted to access more would have to pay for a digital subscription. This plan would allow free access for occasional readers but produce revenue from "heavy" readers. Digital subscription rates for four weeks range from $15 to $35 depending on the package selected, with periodic new subscriber promotions offering four-week all-digital access for as low as 99¢. Subscribers to the paper's print edition get full access without any additional fee.


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Context: December 31, 1907

Context: and who was that organized by?

Context: Adolph Ochs.

Context: who was he?

Context: Yes.

Context: how does it cater to the digital platforms?

Context: Digital subscription rates for four weeks range from $15 to $35 depending on the package selected, with periodic new subscriber promotions offering four-week all-digital access for as low as 99¢. Subscribers to the paper's print edition get full access without any additional fee

Question: who founded it?

Answer: Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones.

The New York Times [SEP] Origins

"The New York Times" was founded as the New-York Daily Times on September 18, 1851. Founded by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond and former banker George Jones, the "Times" was initially published by Raymond, Jones & Company. Early investors in the company included Edwin B. Morgan, Christopher Morgan, and Edward B. Wesley. Sold for a penny (equivalent to ¢ today), the inaugural edition attempted to address various speculations on its purpose and positions that preceded its release: In 1852, the newspaper started a western division, The Times of California, which arrived whenever a mail boat from New York docked in California.


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Context: December 31, 1907

Context: and who was that organized by?

Context: Adolph Ochs.

Context: who was he?

Context: Yes.

Context: who founded it?

Context: Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones.

Question: what is the former most well known for?

Answer: Co-founding "The New York Times".

Henry Jarvis Raymond [SEP] Introduction

Henry Jarvis Raymond (January 24, 1820 – June 18, 1869) was an American journalist, politician, and co-founder of "The New York Times", which he founded with George Jones. He was a member of the New York State Assembly, Lieutenant Governor of New York, Chairman of the Republican National Committee, and elected to the US House of Representatives. For his contribution towards the formation of the Republican Party, Raymond has sometimes been called the "godfather of the Republican Party."


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Context: December 31, 1907

Context: and who was that organized by?

Context: Adolph Ochs.

Context: who was he?

Context: Yes.

Context: who founded it?

Context: Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones.

Context: what is the former most well known for?

Context: Co-founding "The New York Times".

Question: was he politically active?

Answer: Yes. He was a member of the New York State Assembly, Lieutenant Governor of New York, Chairman of the Republican National Committee, and elected to the US House of Representatives. He also contributed towards the formation of the Republican Party

Explanation: Henry Jarvis Raymond (January 24, 1820 – June 18, 1869) was an American journalist, politician, and co-founder of "The New York Times", which he founded with George Jones. He was a member of the New York State Assembly, Lieutenant Governor of New York, Chairman of the Republican National Committee, and elected to the US House of Representatives. For his contribution towards the formation of the Republican Party, Raymond has sometimes been called the "godfather of the Republican Party."

Henry Jarvis Raymond [SEP] Introduction


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Context: December 31, 1907

Context: and who was that organized by?

Context: Adolph Ochs.

Context: who was he?

Context: Yes.

Context: who founded it?

Context: Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones.

Context: what is the former most well known for?

Context: Co-founding "The New York Times".

Context: was he politically active?

Context: Yes. He was a member of the New York State Assembly, Lieutenant Governor of New York, Chairman of the Republican National Committee, and elected to the US House of Representatives. He also contributed towards the formation of the Republican Party

Question: what are the main functions of the parliamentary house you just mentioned?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Henry Jarvis Raymond [SEP] Introduction


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Context: December 31, 1907

Context: and who was that organized by?

Context: Adolph Ochs.

Context: who was he?

Context: Yes.

Context: who founded it?

Context: Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones.

Context: what is the former most well known for?

Context: Co-founding "The New York Times".

Context: was he politically active?

Context: what are the main functions of the parliamentary house you just mentioned?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: and what does the committee he was the chairman of primarily do?

Answer: It is responsible for developing and promoting the Republican political platform, as well as coordinating fundraising and election strategy as well as organizing and running the Republican National Convention.

Republican National Committee [SEP] Introduction

The Republican National Committee (RNC) is a U.S. political committee that leads the Republican Party of the United States. It is responsible for developing and promoting the Republican political platform, as well as coordinating fundraising and election strategy. It is also responsible for organizing and running the Republican National Convention. Similar committees exist in every U.S. state and most U.S. counties, although in some states party organization is structured by congressional district, allied campaign organizations being governed by a national committee. Ronna McDaniel is the current committee chairwoman. The RNC's main counterpart is the Democratic National Committee.


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Context: December 31, 1907

Context: and who was that organized by?

Context: Adolph Ochs.

Context: who was he?

Context: Yes.

Context: who founded it?

Context: Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones.

Context: what is the former most well known for?

Context: Co-founding "The New York Times".

Context: was he politically active?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: and what does the committee he was the chairman of primarily do?

Context: It is responsible for developing and promoting the Republican political platform, as well as coordinating fundraising and election strategy as well as organizing and running the Republican National Convention.

Question: can you name its current chairperson?

Answer: Ronna McDaniel.

Explanation: Ronna McDaniel is the current committee chairwoman.


Context: 11:59:00 p.m. ET.

Context: where does it happen?

Context: New York City's Times Square.

Context: December 31, 1907

Context: and who was that organized by?

Context: Adolph Ochs.

Context: who was he?

Context: Yes.

Context: who founded it?

Context: Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones.

Context: what is the former most well known for?

Context: Co-founding "The New York Times".

Context: was he politically active?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: can you name its current chairperson?

Context: Ronna McDaniel.

Question: is she related to other political personalities?

Answer: Yes, George W. Romney and Mitt Romney.

Ronna McDaniel [SEP] Introduction

Ronna Romney McDaniel (born March 20, 1973) is an American political strategist serving as Chair of the Republican National Committee (RNC) since 2017. A member of the Republican Party and the Romney family, she was Chair of the Michigan Republican Party from 2015 to 2017. A granddaughter of Michigan Governor and businessman George W. Romney and niece of U.S. Senator Mitt Romney, as RNC Chair, she has been known for her prolific fundraising and staunch support for President Donald Trump. Under her leadership, the RNC ran ads for Trump's 2020 campaign as early as 2018, put numerous Trump campaign workers and affiliates on the RNC payroll, spent considerable funds at Trump-owned properties, covered his legal fees in the Russian interference investigation, hosted Trump's Fake News Awards, criticized Trump critics within the Republican Party and oversaw a historic defeat in the 2018 House of Representatives elections.She is widely regarded as the most politically involved RNC chair in recent times, supporting the president on all ventures.


Question: the forbidden city of ming and qing dynasties

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Forbidden City [SEP] Introduction

The Forbidden City () is a palace complex in Dongcheng District, Beijing, China, and with a total area of 720,000 square meters (180 acres), it is the largest palace in the world. However, other Chinese imperial residences far exceed it in size, namely the 6.1 square kilometer Zhongnanhai which lies just west of the Forbidden City, the 2.9 square kilometer Summer Palace in Haidian District, Beijing, and the 5.6 square kilometer Chengde Mountain Resort in Chengde, Hebei Province. It lies at the center of the Imperial City of Beijing, and the city is built around the palace complex. It is surrounded by numerous opulent imperial gardens and temples including 54-acre Zhongshan Park, the sacrificial Imperial Ancestral Temple, the 171-acre Beihai Park and the 57-acre Jingshan Park.


Context: the forbidden city of ming and qing dynasties

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the "forbidden city"?

Answer: It is a palace complex

Explanation: is a palace complex

Forbidden City [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the "forbidden city"?

Context: It is a palace complex

Question: where is it located?

Answer: Dongcheng District, Beijing, China

Explanation: Dongcheng District, Beijing, China

Forbidden City [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the "forbidden city"?

Context: It is a palace complex

Context: where is it located?

Context: Dongcheng District, Beijing, China

Question: when was this monument built?

Answer: From 1406 to 1420 it was constructed

Explanation: from 1406 to 1420

Forbidden City [SEP] Introduction

Today, the Forbidden City houses the Palace Museum, and was the former Chinese imperial palace and winter residence of the Emperor of China from the Ming dynasty (since the Yongle Emperor) to the end of the Qing dynasty, between 1420 and 1924. The Forbidden City served as the home of Chinese emperors and their households and was the ceremonial and political center of the Chinese government for almost 500 years. Constructed from 1406 to 1420, the complex consists of 980 buildings, reportedly encompassing 9,999 rooms and covering 72 hectares (over 180 acres). The palace exemplifies the opulence of the residences of the Chinese emperor and the traditional Chinese palatial architecture, and has influenced cultural and architectural developments in East Asia and elsewhere.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the "forbidden city"?

Context: It is a palace complex

Context: where is it located?

Context: Dongcheng District, Beijing, China

Context: when was this monument built?

Context: From 1406 to 1420 it was constructed

Question: how did the above mentioned country gets its name?

Answer: From Sanskrit word "Cīna", used in ancient India

China [SEP] Etymology

The word "China" has been used in English since the 16th century; however, it was not a word used by the Chinese themselves during this period in time. Its origin has been traced through Portuguese, Malay, and Persian back to the Sanskrit word "Cīna", used in ancient India. "China" appears in Richard Eden's 1555 translation of the 1516 journal of the Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa. Barbosa's usage was derived from Persian "Chīn" (), which was in turn derived from Sanskrit "Cīna" (). "Cīna" was first used in early Hindu scripture, including the "Mahābhārata" (5th century ) and the "Laws of Manu" (2nd century ).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the "forbidden city"?

Context: It is a palace complex

Context: where is it located?

Context: Dongcheng District, Beijing, China

Context: when was this monument built?

Context: From 1406 to 1420 it was constructed

Context: how did the above mentioned country gets its name?

Context: From Sanskrit word "Cīna", used in ancient India

Question: who is its current political ruler?

Answer: Xi Jinping

Explanation: Xi Jinping,

China [SEP] Communist Party

Since 2018, the main body of the Chinese constitution declares that "the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)." The 2018 amendments constitutionalized the "de facto" one-party state status of China, wherein the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the paramount leader of China. The current General Secretary is Xi Jinping, who took office on 15 November 2012 and was re-elected on 25 October 2017. The electoral system is pyramidal. Local People's Congresses are directly elected, and higher levels of People's Congresses up to the National People's Congress (NPC) are indirectly elected by the People's Congress of the level immediately below.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the "forbidden city"?

Context: It is a palace complex

Context: where is it located?

Context: Dongcheng District, Beijing, China

Context: when was this monument built?

Context: From 1406 to 1420 it was constructed

Context: who is its current political ruler?

Context: Xi Jinping

Question: from what did the design of the palace take inspiration from?

Answer: East Asian architecture

Explanation: East Asian architecture,

Forbidden City [SEP] Influence

The Forbidden City, the culmination of the two-thousand-year development of classical Chinese and East Asian architecture, has been influential in the subsequent development of Chinese architecture, as well as providing inspiration for many artistic works. The Forbidden City has served as the scene to many works of fiction. In recent years, it has been depicted in films and television series. Some notable examples include:


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the "forbidden city"?

Context: It is a palace complex

Context: where is it located?

Context: Dongcheng District, Beijing, China

Context: when was this monument built?

Context: From 1406 to 1420 it was constructed

Context: who is its current political ruler?

Context: Xi Jinping

Context: from what did the design of the palace take inspiration from?

Context: East Asian architecture

Question: what is the birthdate of this above leader?

Answer: 15 June 1953

Explanation: 15 June 1953)

Xi Jinping [SEP] Introduction

Xi Jinping ( ; ; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has served as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) since 2012, and President of the People's Republic of China (PRC) since 2013. Xi has been the paramount leader of China, the most prominent political leader in China, since 2012. The son of Chinese Communist veteran Xi Zhongxun, he was exiled to rural Yanchuan County as a teenager following his father's purge during the Cultural Revolution, and lived in a cave in the village of Liangjiahe, where he joined the CCP and worked as the party secretary.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the "forbidden city"?

Context: It is a palace complex

Context: where is it located?

Context: Dongcheng District, Beijing, China

Context: when was this monument built?

Context: From 1406 to 1420 it was constructed

Context: who is its current political ruler?

Context: Xi Jinping

Context: East Asian architecture

Context: what is the birthdate of this above leader?

Context: 15 June 1953

Question: whom did he marry?

Answer: Ke Lingling

Explanation: Ke Lingling

Xi Jinping [SEP] Family

Xi married Ke Lingling, the daughter of Ke Hua, China's ambassador to the United Kingdom in the early 1980s. They divorced within a few years. The two were said to fight "almost every day", and after the divorce Ke moved to England. Xi married the prominent Chinese folk singer Peng Liyuan in 1987. Xi and Peng were introduced by friends as many Chinese couples were in the 1980s. Xi was reputedly academic during their courtship, inquiring about singing techniques. Peng Liyuan, a household name in China, was better known to the public than Xi until his political elevation. The couple frequently lived apart due largely to their separate professional lives.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the "forbidden city"?

Context: It is a palace complex

Context: where is it located?

Context: Dongcheng District, Beijing, China

Context: when was this monument built?

Context: From 1406 to 1420 it was constructed

Context: who is its current political ruler?

Context: Xi Jinping

Context: East Asian architecture

Context: 15 June 1953

Context: whom did he marry?

Context: Ke Lingling

Question: do they have children?

Answer: Xi Mingze

Explanation: Xi Mingze

Xi Jinping [SEP] Family

Peng has played a much more visible role as China's "first lady" compared to her predecessors; for example, Peng hosted U.S. First Lady Michelle Obama on her high-profile visit to China in March 2014. Xi and Peng have a daughter named Xi Mingze, who graduated from Harvard University in the spring of 2015. While at Harvard, she used a pseudonym and studied Psychology and English. Xi's family has a home in Jade Spring Hill, a garden and residential area in north-western Beijing run by the Central Military Commission. In June 2012, "Bloomberg News" reported that members of Xi's extended family have substantial business interests, although there was no evidence he had intervened to assist them.


Question: what is the city in attack on titan called

Answer: Shiganshina

Attack on Titan [SEP] Plot

Eren Yeager (Jaeger in the anime adaptation) lives with Mikasa Ackerman and best friend Armin Arlert in the town of Shiganshina adjacent to Wall Maria, outermost of three circular walls protecting humanity from man-eating Titans said to have killed all other humans one hundred years prior. When Shiganshina and Wall Maria are breached by the Colossal (Colossus in the manga) and Armoured Titans, invading Titans force humanity to retreat behind Wall Rose. After a titan devours his mother and his father disappears, a vengeful Eren enlists in the military along with Mikasa and Armin. Five years later, the three cadet graduates are positioned in Trost district adjacent to Wall Rose when the Colossal Titan breaches the city gate.


Context: what is the city in attack on titan called

Context: Shiganshina

Question: when was it released?

Answer: April to September 2013

Attack on Titan [SEP] Introduction

An anime television series adapting the manga was produced by Wit Studio (seasons 1–3) and MAPPA (season 4). A 25-episode first season was broadcast from April to September 2013, followed by a 12-episode second season broadcast from April to June 2017. A 22-episode third season was broadcast in two parts, with the first 12 episodes airing from July to October 2018 and the last 10 episodes airing from April to July 2019. A fourth and final season is scheduled to premiere in December 2020. "Attack on Titan" has become a critical and commercial success. , the manga has over 100million "tankōbon" copies in print worldwide, making it one of the best-selling manga series of all time.


Context: Shiganshina

Context: when was it released?

Context: April to September 2013

Question: where was it aired?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Attack on Titan [SEP] Introduction


Context: Shiganshina

Context: when was it released?

Context: April to September 2013

Context: where was it aired?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is its setting?

Answer: Creation of titans, stealing of their power and beginning of a new peaceful nation on island of Paradis

Explanation:
According to lore, over 2,000 years prior to the present day, a young woman named Ymir Fritz came into contact and made a deal with the “Devil of All Earth", becoming the first of humanoid giants, and imbued with special powers. These creatures later came to be known as . Her powers were used by her King to establish the Empire of Eldia and, in doing so, crushed the rival nation of Marley. When she died, her titan abilities were passed on, manifesting into Nine individual forms; each with their own special traits. The power of the titans was kept by the royal Fritz family for centuries.

One century before the events of the main storyline the 145th Eldian King, Karl Fritz, became disillusioned by the powers his ancestors had granted him and guilt-ridden over the destructive path the Eldian monarchy had taken. He orchestrated his nation’s downfall, allowing the nation of Marley to rise up in rebellion. In the process, seven of the Nine Titan powers were stolen by Marley. Possessing the

Attack on Titan [SEP] Setting


Context: Shiganshina

Context: when was it released?

Context: April to September 2013

Context: where was it aired?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its setting?

Context: Creation of titans, stealing of their power and beginning of a new peaceful nation on island of Paradis

Question: who is the producer?

Answer: Wit Studio and MAPPA

Explanation: An anime television series adapting the manga was produced by Wit Studio (seasons 1–3) and MAPPA (season 4)

Attack on Titan [SEP] Introduction


Context: Shiganshina

Context: when was it released?

Context: April to September 2013

Context: where was it aired?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its setting?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: Wit Studio and MAPPA

Question: does it have a soundtrack?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Attack on Titan [SEP] Introduction


Context: Shiganshina

Context: when was it released?

Context: April to September 2013

Context: where was it aired?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its setting?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: Wit Studio and MAPPA

Context: does it have a soundtrack?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is there any novel based on this?

Answer: Yes. A novel and some light novel series

Explanation: A light novel series titled , written by Ryō Suzukaze and illustrated by Thores Shibamoto, began on April 1, 2011. Its story is set before the events of the manga and it was published by Kodansha in three volumes. While the first tells the story of Angel, the blacksmith who develops the first prototypes of the Vertical Maneuvering Equipment, and the following two follow a young man who was found as a baby in the stomach of a Titan. A second light novel series called , written by Ryō Kawakami and illustrated by Range Murata, was published between August 1, 2014, and May 1, 2015. Vertical released the novels in North America in 2014 and 2015. A novel titled , written by Hiroshi Seko, was published on December 9, 2014

Attack on Titan [SEP] Novels


Context: Shiganshina

Context: when was it released?

Context: April to September 2013

Context: where was it aired?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its setting?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: Wit Studio and MAPPA

Context: does it have a soundtrack?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any novel based on this?

Context: Yes. A novel and some light novel series

Question: can you name the author?

Answer: Ryō Suzukaze, Ryō Kawakami and Hiroshi Seko

Explanation: A light novel series titled , written by Ryō Suzukaze and illustrated by Thores Shibamoto, began on April 1, 2011. Its story is set before the events of the manga and it was published by Kodansha in three volumes. While the first tells the story of Angel, the blacksmith who develops the first prototypes of the Vertical Maneuvering Equipment, and the following two follow a young man who was found as a baby in the stomach of a Titan. A second light novel series called , written by Ryō Kawakami and illustrated by Range Murata, was published between August 1, 2014, and May 1, 2015. Vertical released the novels in North America in 2014 and 2015. A novel titled , written by Hiroshi Seko,

Attack on Titan [SEP] Novels


Context: Shiganshina

Context: when was it released?

Context: April to September 2013

Context: where was it aired?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its setting?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: Wit Studio and MAPPA

Context: does it have a soundtrack?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any novel based on this?

Context: can you name the author?

Context: Ryō Suzukaze, Ryō Kawakami and Hiroshi Seko

Question: what were its political interpretations?

Answer: It was criticized for having a militaristic message that serves Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's political leanings, while the series also resonated with Hong Kong youths who saw the invading Titans as a metaphor for mainland China

Explanation: The series also attracted criticism: the South Korean "Electronic Times" magazine accused "Attack on Titan" of having a militaristic message that serves Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's political leanings, while the series also resonated with Hong Kong youths who saw the invading Titans as a metaphor for mainland China.

Attack on Titan [SEP] Political interpretations

This has led to accusations and theories of antisemitism and fascism apology against the series and its author, Isayama. This includes claims that Isayama is promoting nationalism and the theory of Jewish global domination. However, this has been argued against by many fans of the series, with claims that while the Eldians mirror Jewish people, they are intended for readers to sympathize with rather than to be portrayed as villains.


Context: Shiganshina

Context: when was it released?

Context: April to September 2013

Context: where was it aired?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its setting?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: Wit Studio and MAPPA

Context: does it have a soundtrack?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any novel based on this?

Context: can you name the author?

Context: what were its political interpretations?

Context: It was criticized for having a militaristic message that serves Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's political leanings, while the series also resonated with Hong Kong youths who saw the invading Titans as a metaphor for mainland China

Question: what awards did it receive?

Answer: Kodansha Manga Award in the "shōnen" category and Harvey Award for Best American Edition of Foreign Material

Explanation:
"Attack on Titan" won the Kodansha Manga Award in the "shōnen" category in 2011 and was nominated for the 4th Manga Taishō Award as well as the 16th and 18th annual Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize. The 2012 edition of "Kono Manga ga Sugoi!", which surveys professionals in the manga and publishing industry, named "Attack on Titan" the eighth best manga series for male readers, while the 2014 edition named it the sixth best. "Attack on Titan" was the top favorite manga for "Yomiuri Shimbun"s Sugoi Japan Awards in 2015.

The Young Adult Library Services Association in the United States named the series one of its "Great Graphic Novels for Teens" in 2013. Kodansha USA's English release won the 2014 Harvey Award for Best American Edition of Foreign Material.

Attack on Titan [SEP] Accolades


Context: Shiganshina

Context: when was it released?

Context: April to September 2013

Context: where was it aired?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its setting?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: Wit Studio and MAPPA

Context: does it have a soundtrack?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any novel based on this?

Context: can you name the author?

Context: what awards did it receive?

Context: Kodansha Manga Award in the "shōnen" category and Harvey Award for Best American Edition of Foreign Material

Question: can you tell me more about the latter award?

Answer: They are given for achievement in comic books and are named for writer-artist Harvey Kurtzman

Harvey Award [SEP] Introduction

The Harvey Awards are given for achievement in comic books. Named for writer-artist Harvey Kurtzman, the Harvey Awards were founded by Gary Groth in 1988, president of the publisher Fantagraphics, to be the successor to the Kirby Awards that were discontinued in 1987. The Harvey Awards are now nominated by the Harvey Awards Nomination Committee. The winners are selected by an open vote among comic-book professionals. The Harveys are no longer affiliated with Fantagraphics. The Harvey Awards Executive Committee is made up of unpaid volunteers, and the Awards are financed through sponsorships. Since their inception, the awards have been presented at various comic book conventions such as the Chicago Comicon, the Dallas Fantasy Fair, Wondercon, the Pittsburgh Comicon, the MoCCA Festival, the Baltimore Comic-Con, and the New York Comic Con.


Context: Shiganshina

Context: when was it released?

Context: April to September 2013

Context: where was it aired?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its setting?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: Wit Studio and MAPPA

Context: does it have a soundtrack?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any novel based on this?

Context: can you name the author?

Context: what awards did it receive?

Context: can you tell me more about the latter award?

Context: They are given for achievement in comic books and are named for writer-artist Harvey Kurtzman

Question: when was it first awarded?

Answer: July 1988

Explanation: the Harvey Awards were founded by Gary Groth in 1988,

Harvey Award [SEP] Introduction


Context: Shiganshina

Context: when was it released?

Context: April to September 2013

Context: where was it aired?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is its setting?

Context: who is the producer?

Context: Wit Studio and MAPPA

Context: does it have a soundtrack?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any novel based on this?

Context: can you name the author?

Context: what awards did it receive?

Context: when was it first awarded?

Context: July 1988

Question: what are the various categories?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Harvey Award [SEP] Introduction


Question: who was the scientist that expanded the use of relative bone lengths to a more reliable method

Answer: Alphonse Bertillon

Forensic anthropology [SEP] Early history

In addition to physical anthropology, Hooton was a proponent of criminal anthropology. Now considered a pseudoscience, criminal anthropologists believed that phrenology and physiognomy could link a person's behavior to specific physical characteristics. The use of criminal anthropology to try to explain certain criminal behaviors arose out of the eugenics movement, popular at the time. It is because of these ideas that skeletal differences were measured in earnest eventually leading to the development of anthropometry and the Bertillon method of skeletal measurement by Alphonse Bertillon. The study of this information helped shape anthropologists' understanding of the human skeleton and the multiple skeletal differences that can occur.


Context: who was the scientist that expanded the use of relative bone lengths to a more reliable method

Context: Alphonse Bertillon

Question: what kind of applications does this discipline have?

Answer: To help identify individuals from bones when other physical characteristics that could be used to identify a body no longer exist;  investigation of war crimes and mass fatality investigations.

Explanation:
Today, forensic anthropology is a well-established discipline within the forensic field. Anthropologists are called upon to investigate remains and to help identify individuals from bones when other physical characteristics that could be used to identify a body no longer exist. Forensic anthropologists work in conjunction with forensic pathologists to identify remains based on their skeletal characteristics. If the victim is not found for a lengthy period or has been eaten by scavengers, flesh markers used for identification would be destroyed, making normal identification difficult if not impossible. Forensic anthropologists can provide physical characteristics of the person to input into missing person databases such as that of the National Crime Information Center in the US or INTERPOL's yellow notice database.

In addition to these duties, forensic anthropologists often assist in the investigation of war crimes and mass fatality investigations. Anthropologists have been tasked with

Forensic anthropology [SEP] Modern uses


Context: Alphonse Bertillon

Context: what kind of applications does this discipline have?

Context: To help identify individuals from bones when other physical characteristics that could be used to identify a body no longer exist;  investigation of war crimes and mass fatality investigations.

Question: what is the name of the field of study this exercise falls under?

Answer: Forensic anthropology

Explanation: Today, forensic anthropology is a well-established discipline within the forensic field. Anthropologists are called upon to investigate remains and to help identify individuals from bones when other physical characteristics that could be used to identify a body no longer exist. Forensic anthropologists work in conjunction with forensic pathologists to identify remains based on their skeletal characteristics. If the victim is not found for a lengthy period or has been eaten by scavengers, flesh markers used for identification would be destroyed, making normal identification difficult if not impossible. Forensic anthropologists can provide physical characteristics of the person to input into missing person databases such as that of the National Crime Information Center in the US or INTERPOL's yellow notice database.

Forensic anthropology [SEP] Modern uses


Context: Alphonse Bertillon

Context: what is the name of the field of study this exercise falls under?

Context: Forensic anthropology

Question: can a person's age be figured out through this method?

Answer: Yes - by examining the teeth, the clavicle, the number of bones, examining the bone osteons under a microscope

Explanation:
The determination of an individual's age by anthropologists depends on whether or not the individual was an adult or a child. The determination of the age of children, under the age of 21, is usually performed by examining the teeth. When teeth are not available, children can be aged based on which growth plates are sealed. The tibia plate seals around age 16 or 17 in girls and around 18 or 19 in boys. The clavicle is the last bone to complete growth and the plate is sealed around age 25. In addition, if a complete skeleton is available anthropologists can count the number of bones. While adults have 206 bones, the bones of a child have not yet fused resulting in a much higher number.

The aging of adult skeletons is not as straightforward as aging a child's skeleton as the skeleton changes little once adulthood is reached. One possible way to estimate the age of an adult skeleton is to look at bone osteons under a microscope. New osteons are constantly formed by bone marrow even after

Forensic anthropology [SEP] Determination of age


Context: Alphonse Bertillon

Context: Forensic anthropology

Context: can a person's age be figured out through this method?

Context: Yes - by examining the teeth, the clavicle, the number of bones, examining the bone osteons under a microscope

Question: what are some of the other contributions of the researcher you named above?

Answer: He is also the inventor of the mug shot - a photographic portrait of a person from the waist up, typically taken after a person is arrested.

Alphonse Bertillon [SEP] Introduction

Alphonse Bertillon (; 22 April 1853 – 13 February 1914) was a French police officer and biometrics researcher who applied the anthropological technique of anthropometry to law enforcement creating an identification system based on physical measurements. Anthropometry was the first scientific system used by police to identify criminals. Before that time, criminals could only be identified by name or photograph. The method was eventually supplanted by fingerprinting. He is also the inventor of the mug shot. Photographing of criminals began in the 1840s only a few years after the invention of photography, but it was not until 1888 that Bertillon standardized the process.


Context: Alphonse Bertillon

Context: Forensic anthropology

Context: what are some of the other contributions of the researcher you named above?

Context: He is also the inventor of the mug shot - a photographic portrait of a person from the waist up, typically taken after a person is arrested.

Question: how was the physical measurement system he invented put to use in real life?

Answer: The Bertillon system consisted of five initial measurements — head length, head breadth, length of middle finger, length of the left foot, and length of the cubit. Along with these measurements, Bertillon used a mugshot, to complete this system of record.

Explanation:
The specific anthropological technique practiced by Bertillon is often called the Bertillon system. This system consisted of five initial measurements — head length, head breadth, length of middle finger, length of the left foot, and length of the cubit. Along with these measurements, Bertillon used photography, now known as a mugshot, to complete this system of record. These methods of identification were combined into a system for law enforcement officials to access information and images quickly.

Although the system was based in scientific measures, it was known to have its flaws. For example, it may not have been able to accurately apply to children or women, as it was mostly designed for men who had reached full physical maturity and had short hair.

Alphonse Bertillon [SEP] Bertillon system


Context: Alphonse Bertillon

Context: Forensic anthropology

Context: how was the physical measurement system he invented put to use in real life?

Context: The Bertillon system consisted of five initial measurements — head length, head breadth, length of middle finger, length of the left foot, and length of the cubit. Along with these measurements, Bertillon used a mugshot, to complete this system of record.

Question: does this system have any drawbacks?

Answer: It may not have been able to accurately apply to children or women, as it was mostly designed for men who had reached full physical maturity and had short hair.

Explanation: Although the system was based in scientific measures, it was known to have its flaws. For example, it may not have been able to accurately apply to children or women, as it was mostly designed for men who had reached full physical maturity and had short hair.


Context: Alphonse Bertillon

Context: Forensic anthropology

Context: does this system have any drawbacks?

Context: It may not have been able to accurately apply to children or women, as it was mostly designed for men who had reached full physical maturity and had short hair.

Question: when was the kind of photographs you mentioned above first used?

Answer: In 1843 and 1844.

Mug shot [SEP] History

The earliest photos of prisoners taken for use by law enforcement may have been taken in Belgium in 1843 and 1844. In the United Kingdom, police in London were photographing criminals by 1846. In Liverpool and Birmingham they were doing so by 1848. By 1857, the New York City Police Department had a gallery where daguerreotypes of criminals were displayed. The Pinkerton National Detective Agency began using these on wanted posters in the United States. By the 1870s the agency had amassed the largest collection of mug shots in the US. The paired arrangement may have been inspired by the 1865 prison portraits taken by Alexander Gardner of accused conspirators in the Lincoln assassination trial, though Gardner's photographs were full-body portraits with only the heads turned for the profile shots.


Context: Alphonse Bertillon

Context: Forensic anthropology

Context: does this system have any drawbacks?

Context: when was the kind of photographs you mentioned above first used?

Context: In 1843 and 1844.

Question: by whom?

Answer: May have been taken in Belgium

Mug shot [SEP] History


Context: Alphonse Bertillon

Context: Forensic anthropology

Context: does this system have any drawbacks?

Context: In 1843 and 1844.

Context: by whom?

Context: May have been taken in Belgium

Question: what is the opinion of the judiciary on this?

Answer: Because of the risk of prejudice to the defendant inherent in the admission of photographs of the 'mug shot' variety, judges and prosecutors are required to 'use reasonable means to avoid calling the jury's attention to the source of such photographs used to identify the defendant. Admission of a defendant's mug shot is 'laden for characterizing the defendant as a careerist in crime.

Explanation:
The US legal system has long held that mug shots can have a negative effect on juries. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held, "The double-shot picture, with front and profile shots alongside each other, is so familiar, from 'wanted' posters in the post office, motion pictures and television, that the inference that the person involved has a criminal record, or has at least been in trouble with the police, is natural, perhaps automatic."

According to the "Handbook of Massachusetts Evidence", "Because of the risk of prejudice to the defendant inherent in the admission of photographs of the 'mug shot' variety, judges and prosecutors are required to 'use reasonable means to avoid calling the jury's attention to the source of such photographs used to identify the defendant.'" (p. 617) Elsewhere, it cites a ruling in "Commonwealth v. Martin" that "admission of a defendant's mug shot is 'laden for characterizing the defendant as a careerist in crime.

O

Mug shot [SEP] Prejudicial nature


Question: increased u.s. territory in present-day arizona and new mexico

Answer: This event is called the Gadsden Purchase

Gadsden Purchase [SEP] Introduction

The Gadsden Purchase ( "The Sale of La Mesilla"), is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854. The purchase included lands south of the Gila River and west of the Rio Grande where the U.S. wanted to build a transcontinental railroad along a deep southern route, which the Southern Pacific Railroad later completed in 1881–1883. The purchase also aimed to resolve other border issues. The first draft was signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico, and by Antonio López de Santa Anna, president of Mexico.