Context:
what is sms kaiser karl der grosse?
A German pre-dreadnought battleship
who designed it?
UNANSWERABLE
where was it built?
In Hamburg
where is the place located?
Germany

Question: how many ports does the place have?

Answer: Three ports: Port of Hamburg, Rotterdam and Antwerpen

Hamburg [SEP] Port

The most significant economic unit is the Port of Hamburg, which ranks third to Rotterdam and Antwerpen in Europe and 17th-largest worldwide with transshipments of of cargo and 138.2 million tons of goods in 2016. International trade is also the reason for the large number of consulates in the city. Although situated up the Elbe, it is considered a sea port due to its ability to handle large ocean-going vessels.


Context: what is sms kaiser karl der grosse?

Context: A German pre-dreadnought battleship

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was it built?

Context: In Hamburg

Context: where is the place located?

Context: Germany

Context: how many ports does the place have?

Context: Three ports: Port of Hamburg, Rotterdam and Antwerpen

Question: is there any museum in the second place?

Answer: Yes, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, the Netherlands Architecture Institute, the Wereldmuseum, the Kunsthal, Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art and the Maritime Museum Rotterdam.

Rotterdam [SEP] Museums

Rotterdam has many museums. Well known museums are the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, the Netherlands Architecture Institute, the Wereldmuseum, the Kunsthal, Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art and the Maritime Museum Rotterdam. The Historical Museum Rotterdam has changed into Museum Rotterdam which aims to exhibit Rotterdam as a contemporary transnational city, and not a past city. Other museums include the and the natural history museum. At the historical shipyard and museum , the reconstruction of ship of the line "Delft" can be visited.


Context: what is sms kaiser karl der grosse?

Context: A German pre-dreadnought battleship

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was it built?

Context: In Hamburg

Context: where is the place located?

Context: Germany

Context: how many ports does the place have?

Context: is there any museum in the second place?

Context: Yes, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, the Netherlands Architecture Institute, the Wereldmuseum, the Kunsthal, Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art and the Maritime Museum Rotterdam.

Question: mention a few collections from the last museum?

Answer: Collection contains 850.000 objects from six centuries of maritime history.

Maritime Museum Rotterdam [SEP] Collection

The Museum Collection contains 850.000 objects from six centuries of maritime history.


Context: what is sms kaiser karl der grosse?

Context: A German pre-dreadnought battleship

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was it built?

Context: In Hamburg

Context: where is the place located?

Context: Germany

Context: how many ports does the place have?

Context: mention a few collections from the last museum?

Context: Collection contains 850.000 objects from six centuries of maritime history.

Question: when was the last museum established?

Answer: In 1874

Explanation: in 1874

Maritime Museum Rotterdam [SEP] Introduction

The Maritime Museum Rotterdam is a maritime museum in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Dedicated to naval history, it was founded in 1874 by Prince Henry of the Netherlands. Next to the Maritime Museum lies the open-air Maritime Museum Harbour, which merged with the Maritime Museum in 2014. The Maritime Museum Harbour contains an exceptional collection of historic vessels and cranes which are maintained in working condition.


Context: what is sms kaiser karl der grosse?

Context: A German pre-dreadnought battleship

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was it built?

Context: In Hamburg

Context: where is the place located?

Context: Germany

Context: how many ports does the place have?

Context: when was the last museum established?

Context: In 1874

Question: name a few festivals organized in the last aforementioned place?

Answer: Cultuurmarkt van Vlaanderen, Fire Is Gold

Explanation: Fire Is Gold

Antwerp [SEP] Music festivals

Cultuurmarkt van Vlaanderen is a musical festival and a touristic attraction that takes place annually on the final Sunday of August in the city center of Antwerp. Where international and local musicians and actors, present their stage and street performances. Other popular festivals Fire Is Gold, and focuses more on urban music, and Summerfestival.


Context: what is sms kaiser karl der grosse?

Context: A German pre-dreadnought battleship

Context: who designed it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where was it built?

Context: In Hamburg

Context: where is the place located?

Context: Germany

Context: how many ports does the place have?

Context: when was the last museum established?

Context: In 1874

Context: name a few festivals organized in the last aforementioned place?

Context: Cultuurmarkt van Vlaanderen, Fire Is Gold

Question: what kind of fashion is followed at the above place?

Answer: Belgian fashion

Explanation: Belgian fashion

Antwerp [SEP] Fashion

Antwerp is a rising fashion city, and has produced designers such as the Antwerp Six. The city has a cult status in the fashion world, due to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, one of the most important fashion academies in the world. It has served as the learning centre for many Belgian fashion designers. Since the 1980s, several graduates of the Belgian Royal Academy of Fine Arts have become internationally successful fashion designers in Antwerp. The city has had a huge influence on other Belgian fashion designers such as Raf Simons, Veronique Branquinho, Olivier Theyskens and Kris Van Assche.


Question: when was charles darwin's book the origin of species published

Answer: 24 November 1859

Explanation: 24 November 1859

On the Origin of Species [SEP] Introduction

On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. The book presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had collected on the "Beagle" expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.


Context: when was charles darwin's book the origin of species published

Context: 24 November 1859

Question: what was it about?

Answer: The book presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution.

Explanation: Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. The book presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had collected on the "Beagle" expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.

The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During "the eclipse of Darwinism" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: The book presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution.

Question: was it received well?

Answer: The book aroused international interest and a widespread debate, with no sharp line between scientific issues and ideological, social and religious implications.

On the Origin of Species [SEP] Reception

The book aroused international interest and a widespread debate, with no sharp line between scientific issues and ideological, social and religious implications. Much of the initial reaction was hostile, in a large part because very few reviewers actually understood his theory, but Darwin had to be taken seriously as a prominent and respected name in science. Samuel Wilberforce wrote a review in "Quarterly Review" in 1860 where he disagreed with Darwin's 'argument'. There was much less controversy than had greeted the 1844 publication "Vestiges of Creation", which had been rejected by scientists, but had influenced a wide public readership into believing that nature and human society were governed by natural laws.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: The book aroused international interest and a widespread debate, with no sharp line between scientific issues and ideological, social and religious implications.

Question: what style of writing is followed in this?

Answer: He added that some parts of "Origin" are dense, but other parts are almost lyrical, and the case studies and observations are presented in a narrative style unusual in serious scientific books, which broadened its audience.

Explanation: Darwin had been working on, which would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail. He added that some parts of "Origin" are dense, but other parts are almost lyrical, and the case studies and observations are presented in a narrative style unusual in serious scientific books, which broadened its audience.

On the Origin of Species [SEP] Literary style

Darwin had long been immersed in the literary forms and practices of specialist science, and made effective use of his skills in structuring arguments. David Quammen has described the book as written in everyday language for a wide audience, but noted that Darwin's literary style was uneven: in some places he used convoluted sentences that are difficult to read, while in other places his writing was beautiful. Quammen advised that later editions were weakened by Darwin making concessions and adding details to address his critics, and recommended the first edition. James T. Costa said that because the book was an abstract produced in haste in response to Wallace's essay, it was more approachable than the big book on natural selection Darwin had been working on, which would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: what style of writing is followed in this?

Context: He added that some parts of "Origin" are dense, but other parts are almost lyrical, and the case studies and observations are presented in a narrative style unusual in serious scientific books, which broadened its audience.

Question: did the theory face any problems?

Answer: This difficulty can be referred to as the absence or rarity of transitional varieties in habitat space.

On the Origin of Species [SEP] Difficulties for the theory

This difficulty can be referred to as the absence or rarity of transitional varieties in habitat space. Another difficulty, related to the first one, is the absence or rarity of transitional varieties in time. Darwin commented that by the theory of natural selection "innumerable transitional forms must have existed," and wondered "why do we not find them embedded in countless numbers in the crust of the earth?" (For further discussion of these difficulties, see and Bernstein et al. and Michod.) The chapter then deals with whether natural selection could produce complex specialised structures, and the behaviours to use them, when it would be difficult to imagine how intermediate forms could be functional.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: did the theory face any problems?

Context: This difficulty can be referred to as the absence or rarity of transitional varieties in habitat space.

Question: where was the author born?

Answer: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Explanation: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Charles Darwin [SEP] Early life and education

Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, on 12 February 1809, at his family's home, The Mount. He was the fifth of six children of wealthy society doctor and financier Robert Darwin and Susannah Darwin ("née" Wedgwood). His grandfathers Erasmus Darwin and Josiah Wedgwood were both prominent abolitionists. Erasmus Darwin had praised general concepts of evolution and common descent in his "Zoonomia" (1794), a poetic fantasy of gradual creation including undeveloped ideas anticipating concepts his grandson expanded. Both families were largely Unitarian, though the Wedgwoods were adopting Anglicanism. Robert Darwin, himself quietly a freethinker, had baby Charles baptised in November 1809 in the Anglican St Chad's Church, Shrewsbury, but Charles and his siblings attended the Unitarian chapel with their mother.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: did the theory face any problems?

Context: where was the author born?

Context: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Question: where did he study?

Answer: University of Edinburgh Medical School

The eight-year-old Charles already had a taste for natural history and collecting when he joined the day school run by its preacher in 1817. That July, his mother died. From September 1818, he joined his older brother Erasmus attending the nearby Anglican Shrewsbury School as a boarder. Darwin spent the summer of 1825 as an apprentice doctor, helping his father treat the poor of Shropshire, before going to the University of Edinburgh Medical School (at the time the best medical school in the UK) with his brother Erasmus in October 1825. Darwin found lectures dull and surgery distressing, so he neglected his studies.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: did the theory face any problems?

Context: where was the author born?

Context: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Question: did he suffer from any disease?

Answer: As Darwin worked under pressure, his health suffered. On 20 September he had "an uncomfortable palpitation of the heart".

Explanation: As Darwin worked under pressure, his health suffered. On 20 September he had "an uncomfortable palpitation of the heart",

Charles Darwin [SEP] Overwork, illness, and marriage

The strain took a toll, and by June he was being laid up for days on end with stomach problems, headaches and heart symptoms. For the rest of his life, he was repeatedly incapacitated with episodes of stomach pains, vomiting, severe boils, palpitations, trembling and other symptoms, particularly during times of stress, such as attending meetings or making social visits. The cause of Darwin's illness remained unknown, and attempts at treatment had only ephemeral success.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: did the theory face any problems?

Context: where was the author born?

Context: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: As Darwin worked under pressure, his health suffered. On 20 September he had "an uncomfortable palpitation of the heart".

Question: was he married?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

While developing this intensive study of transmutation, Darwin became mired in more work. Still rewriting his "Journal", he took on editing and publishing the expert reports on his collections, and with Henslow's help obtained a Treasury grant of £1,000 to sponsor this multi-volume "Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle", a sum equivalent to about £ in 2018. He stretched the funding to include his planned books on geology, and agreed to unrealistic dates with the publisher. As the Victorian era began, Darwin pressed on with writing his "Journal", and in August 1837 began correcting printer's proofs. As Darwin worked under pressure, his health suffered.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: did the theory face any problems?

Context: where was the author born?

Context: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when did he die?

Answer: 19 April 1882

Explanation: 19 April 1882

Charles Darwin [SEP] Death and funeral

cruzi", that causes Chagas disease. He died at Down House on 19 April 1882. His last words were to his family, telling Emma "I am not the least afraid of death—Remember what a good wife you have been to me—Tell all my children to remember how good they have been to me", then while she rested, he repeatedly told Henrietta and Francis "It's almost worth while to be sick to be nursed by you". He had expected to be buried in St Mary's churchyard at Downe, but at the request of Darwin's colleagues, after public and parliamentary petitioning, William Spottiswoode (President of the Royal Society) arranged for Darwin to be honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey, close to John Herschel and Isaac Newton.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: did the theory face any problems?

Context: where was the author born?

Context: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he die?

Context: 19 April 1882

Question: where was he buried?

Answer: Westminster Abbey

Explanation: Westminster Abbey, close to John Herschel and Isaac Newton.

Charles Darwin [SEP] Death and funeral

The funeral was held on Wednesday 26 April and was attended by thousands of people, including family, friends, scientists, philosophers and dignitaries.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: did the theory face any problems?

Context: where was the author born?

Context: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he die?

Context: 19 April 1882

Context: where was he buried?

Context: Westminster Abbey

Question: how was he commemorated?

Answer: The Linnean Society of London has commemorated Darwin's achievements by the award of the Darwin–Wallace Medal since 1908. Darwin Day has become an annual celebration, and in 2009 worldwide events were arranged for the bicentenary of Darwin's birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of "On the Origin of Species".

Charles Darwin [SEP] Commemoration

Stephen Heard identified 389 species that have been named after Darwin, and there are at least 9 genera. In one example, the group of tanagers related to those Darwin found in the Galápagos Islands became popularly known as "Darwin's finches" in 1947, fostering inaccurate legends about their significance to his work. Darwin's work has continued to be celebrated by numerous publications and events. The Linnean Society of London has commemorated Darwin's achievements by the award of the Darwin–Wallace Medal since 1908. Darwin Day has become an annual celebration, and in 2009 worldwide events were arranged for the bicentenary of Darwin's birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of "On the Origin of Species".


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: did the theory face any problems?

Context: where was the author born?

Context: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he die?

Context: 19 April 1882

Context: where was he buried?

Context: Westminster Abbey

Context: how was he commemorated?

Context: The Linnean Society of London has commemorated Darwin's achievements by the award of the Darwin–Wallace Medal since 1908. Darwin Day has become an annual celebration, and in 2009 worldwide events were arranged for the bicentenary of Darwin's birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of "On the Origin of Species".

Question: why is the medal given?

Answer: For  "major advances in evolutionary biology".

Darwin–Wallace Medal [SEP] Introduction

The Darwin–Wallace Medal is a medal awarded by the Linnean Society of London for "major advances in evolutionary biology". Historically, the medals have been awarded every 50 years, beginning in 1908. That year marked 50 years after the joint presentation by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace of two scientific papers—"On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection"—to the Linnean Society of London on 1 July 1858. Fittingly, Wallace was one of the first recipients of the medal, in his case it was, exceptionally, in gold, rather than the silver version presented in the six other initial awards.


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: did the theory face any problems?

Context: where was the author born?

Context: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he die?

Context: 19 April 1882

Context: where was he buried?

Context: Westminster Abbey

Context: how was he commemorated?

Context: why is the medal given?

Context: For  "major advances in evolutionary biology".

Question: who presents it?

Answer: Linnean Society of London

Explanation: Linnean Society of London

Darwin–Wallace Medal [SEP] Introduction


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: did the theory face any problems?

Context: where was the author born?

Context: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he die?

Context: 19 April 1882

Context: where was he buried?

Context: Westminster Abbey

Context: how was he commemorated?

Context: why is the medal given?

Context: who presents it?

Context: Linnean Society of London

Question: who received it first?

Answer: Alfred Russel Wallace

Explanation: Alfred Russel Wallace of two scientific papers—"On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection"—to the Linnean Society of London on 1 July 1858. Fittingly, Wallace was one of the first recipients of the medal,

Darwin–Wallace Medal [SEP] Introduction


Context: 24 November 1859

Context: what was it about?

Context: was it received well?

Context: did the theory face any problems?

Context: where was the author born?

Context: Shrewsbury, Shropshire

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Edinburgh Medical School

Context: did he suffer from any disease?

Context: was he married?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he die?

Context: 19 April 1882

Context: where was he buried?

Context: Westminster Abbey

Context: how was he commemorated?

Context: why is the medal given?

Context: who presents it?

Context: Linnean Society of London

Context: who received it first?

Context: Alfred Russel Wallace

Question: who was he?

Answer: He  was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator.

Alfred Russel Wallace [SEP] Introduction

Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858." "This prompted Darwin to publish "On the Origin of Species". Like Darwin, Wallace did extensive fieldwork; first in the Amazon River basin, and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now termed the Wallace Line, which separates the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are largely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect Australasia.


Question: how long do gliders stay in the air

Answer: Glider pilots can stay airborne for hours by flying through air that is ascending as fast or faster than the glider itself is descending, thus gaining potential energy.

Gliding [SEP] Soaring

Glider pilots can stay airborne for hours by flying through air that is ascending as fast or faster than the glider itself is descending, thus gaining potential energy. The most commonly used sources of rising air are Ridge lift rarely allows pilots to climb much higher than about above the terrain; thermals, depending on the climate and terrain, can allow climbs in excess of in flat country and much higher above mountains; wave lift has allowed a glider to reach an altitude of . In a few countries such as the UK, gliders may continue to climb into the clouds in uncontrolled airspace, but in many European countries the pilot must stop climbing before reaching the cloud base (see Visual Flight Rules).


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: Glider pilots can stay airborne for hours by flying through air that is ascending as fast or faster than the glider itself is descending, thus gaining potential energy.

Question: is it a sport?

Answer: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Gliding [SEP] Introduction

Gliding is a recreational activity and competitive air sport in which pilots fly unpowered aircraft known as gliders or sailplanes using naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to remain airborne. The word "soaring" is also used for the sport. Gliding as a sport began in the 1920s. Initially the objective was to increase the duration of flights but soon pilots attempted cross-country flights away from the place of launch. Improvements in aerodynamics and in the understanding of weather phenomena have allowed greater distances at higher average speeds. Long distances are now flown using any of the main sources of rising air: ridge lift, thermals and lee waves.


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Question: how is it done?

Answer: Pilots fly unpowered aircraft known as gliders or sailplanes using naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to remain airborne.

Explanation: Gliding is a recreational activity and competitive air sport in which pilots fly unpowered aircraft known as gliders or sailplanes using naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to remain airborne

Gliding [SEP] Introduction


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: Pilots fly unpowered aircraft known as gliders or sailplanes using naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to remain airborne.

Question: does it face any challenges?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Gliding [SEP] Introduction


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: are there any competitions of it held?

Answer: Local and national competitions along with biennial World Championships.

Gliding [SEP] Introduction

When conditions are favourable, experienced pilots can now fly hundreds of kilometres before returning to their home airfields; occasionally flights of more than are achieved. Some competitive pilots fly in races around pre-defined courses. These gliding competitions test pilots' abilities to make best use of local weather conditions as well as their flying skills. Local and national competitions are organized in many countries, and there are biennial World Gliding Championships. Techniques to maximize a glider's speed around the day's task in a competition have been developed, including the optimum speed to fly, navigation using GPS and the carrying of water ballast.


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: Local and national competitions along with biennial World Championships.

Question: what is the championship mentioned about?

Answer: It is a gliding competition held every two years or so.

World Gliding Championships [SEP] Introduction

The World Gliding Championships (WGC) is a gliding competition held every two years or so by the FAI Gliding Commission. The dates are not always exactly two years apart, often because the contests are sometimes held in the summer in the Southern Hemisphere.


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: what is the championship mentioned about?

Context: It is a gliding competition held every two years or so.

Question: who organizes it?

Answer: The FAI Gliding Commission.


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: who organizes it?

Context: The FAI Gliding Commission.

Question: when was it founded?

Answer: The Commission was founded in 1932.

Explanation: When the IGC was founded in 1932

FAI Gliding Commission [SEP] Introduction

The International Gliding Commission (IGC) is the international governing body for the sport of gliding. It is governed by meetings of delegates from national gliding associations. It is one of several Air Sport Commissions (ASC) of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), or "World Air Sports Federation". FAI is the world body for sporting aviation and the certification of world records for aeronautics and astronautics and was founded in 1905. When the IGC was founded in 1932, it was called CIVV (Commission Internationale de Vol à Voile) and has also been called CVSM (Commission de Vol Sans Moteur). It is the FAI commission responsible for the international competitions, records and badges that apply to gliders and motor gliders.


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: who organizes it?

Context: The FAI Gliding Commission.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: The Commission was founded in 1932.

Question: does it present any awards?

Answer: The Commission makes awards for great achievements and meritorious service. Eg- The Lilienthal Medal.

FAI Gliding Commission [SEP] Awards

The Commission makes awards for great achievements and meritorious service. For gliding it presents: The Lilienthal Medal was instituted in 1938 "to reward a particularly remarkable performance in gliding, or eminent services to the sport of gliding over a long period of time". The first recipient was Tadeusz Gora in recognition of his 577.8 km flight. Its recipients include:


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: who organizes it?

Context: The FAI Gliding Commission.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: The Commission was founded in 1932.

Context: does it present any awards?

Context: The Commission makes awards for great achievements and meritorious service. Eg- The Lilienthal Medal.

Question: are there any other sports related to it?

Answer: Yes, hang gliding and paragliding.

Gliding [SEP] Related air sports

The two air sports that are most closely related to gliding are hang gliding and paragliding. Although all three sports rely on rising air, there are significant differences which are listed in detail in . The main difference is that both hang gliders and paragliders are simpler, less sophisticated and cheaper aircraft that use the pilot's feet as the undercarriage. All paragliders and most hang gliders have no protective structure around the pilot. However, the dividing line between basic gliders and sophisticated hang-gliders is becoming less distinct. For example, hang gliders typically use fabric wings, shaped over a framework, but hang gliders with rigid wings and three-axis controls are also available.


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: who organizes it?

Context: The FAI Gliding Commission.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: The Commission was founded in 1932.

Context: does it present any awards?

Context: are there any other sports related to it?

Context: Yes, hang gliding and paragliding.

Question: what does the latter mean?

Answer: It is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of flying paragliders.

Paragliding [SEP] Introduction

Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure. The pilot sits in a harness or lies supine in a coccoon-like 'speed bag' suspended below a fabric wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic forces of the air flowing over the outside. Despite not using an engine, paraglider flights can last many hours and cover many hundreds of kilometres, though flights of one to two hours and covering some tens of kilometres are more the norm.


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: who organizes it?

Context: The FAI Gliding Commission.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: The Commission was founded in 1932.

Context: does it present any awards?

Context: Yes, hang gliding and paragliding.

Context: what does the latter mean?

Context: It is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of flying paragliders.

Question: what different techniques are used in it?

Answer: Landing involves lining up for an approach into wind and, just before touching down, "flaring" the wing to minimise vertical and/or horizontal speed.

Paragliding [SEP] Techniques

Landing involves lining up for an approach into wind and, just before touching down, "flaring" the wing to minimise vertical and/or horizontal speed. This consists of gently going from 0% brake at around two metres to 100% brake when touching down on the ground. During the approach descent, at around four metres before touching ground, some momentary braking (50% for around two seconds) can be applied then released, thus using forward pendular momentum to gain speed for flaring more effectively and approaching the ground with minimal vertical speed. In light winds, some minor running is common. In moderate to medium headwinds, the landings can be without forward speed, or even going backwards with respect to the ground in strong winds.


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: who organizes it?

Context: The FAI Gliding Commission.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: The Commission was founded in 1932.

Context: does it present any awards?

Context: Yes, hang gliding and paragliding.

Context: what does the latter mean?

Context: what different techniques are used in it?

Context: Landing involves lining up for an approach into wind and, just before touching down, "flaring" the wing to minimise vertical and/or horizontal speed.

Question: which instruments are involved in it?

Answer: Foot-launched powered hang gliders.

Paragliding [SEP] Powered hang glider

Foot-launched powered hang gliders are powered by an engine and propeller in pusher configuration. An ordinary hang glider is used for its wing and control frame, and the pilot can foot-launch from a hill or from flat ground.


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: who organizes it?

Context: The FAI Gliding Commission.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: The Commission was founded in 1932.

Context: does it present any awards?

Context: Yes, hang gliding and paragliding.

Context: what does the latter mean?

Context: which instruments are involved in it?

Context: Foot-launched powered hang gliders.

Question: how does this sport work?

Answer: The pilot sits in a harness or lies supine in a coccoon-like 'speed bag' suspended below a fabric wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic forces of the air flowing over the outside.

Explanation: The pilot sits in a harness or lies supine in a coccoon-like 'speed bag' suspended below a fabric wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic forces of the air flowing over the outside.

Paragliding [SEP] Introduction


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: who organizes it?

Context: The FAI Gliding Commission.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: The Commission was founded in 1932.

Context: does it present any awards?

Context: Yes, hang gliding and paragliding.

Context: what does the latter mean?

Context: which instruments are involved in it?

Context: Foot-launched powered hang gliders.

Context: how does this sport work?

Context: The pilot sits in a harness or lies supine in a coccoon-like 'speed bag' suspended below a fabric wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic forces of the air flowing over the outside.

Question: how can it be launched?

Answer: The wing is placed into an airstream, either by running or being pulled, or an existing wind. The wing moves up over the pilot into a position in which it can carry the passenger. The pilot is then lifted from the ground and, after a safety period, can sit down into his harness.

Paragliding [SEP] Launching

As with all aircraft, launching and landing are done into wind. The wing is placed into an airstream, either by running or being pulled, or an existing wind. The wing moves up over the pilot into a position in which it can carry the passenger. The pilot is then lifted from the ground and, after a safety period, can sit down into his harness. Unlike skydivers, paragliders, like hang gliders, do not "jump" at any time during this process. There are two launching techniques used on higher ground and one assisted launch technique used in flatland areas:


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: who organizes it?

Context: The FAI Gliding Commission.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: The Commission was founded in 1932.

Context: does it present any awards?

Context: Yes, hang gliding and paragliding.

Context: what does the latter mean?

Context: which instruments are involved in it?

Context: Foot-launched powered hang gliders.

Context: how does this sport work?

Context: how can it be launched?

Context: The wing is placed into an airstream, either by running or being pulled, or an existing wind. The wing moves up over the pilot into a position in which it can carry the passenger. The pilot is then lifted from the ground and, after a safety period, can sit down into his harness.

Question: is it safe to do this?

Answer: Paragliding, like any extreme sport, is a potentially dangerous activity. However, the potential for injury can be significantly reduced by training and risk management.

Explanation:
Paragliding, like any extreme sport, is a potentially dangerous activity. In the United States, for example, in 2010 (the last year for which details are available), one paraglider pilot died. This is an equivalent rate of one in 5,000 pilots. Over the years 1994−2010, an average of seven in every 10,000 active paraglider pilots have been fatally injured, though with a marked improvement in recent years. In France (with over 25,000 registered fliers), two of every 10,000 pilots were fatally injured in 2011 (a rate that is not atypical of the years 2007−2011), although around six of every 1,000 pilots were seriously injured (more than two-day hospital stay).

The potential for injury can be significantly reduced by training and risk management.

Paragliding [SEP] Safety


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: who organizes it?

Context: The FAI Gliding Commission.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: The Commission was founded in 1932.

Context: does it present any awards?

Context: Yes, hang gliding and paragliding.

Context: what does the latter mean?

Context: which instruments are involved in it?

Context: Foot-launched powered hang gliders.

Context: how does this sport work?

Context: how can it be launched?

Context: is it safe to do this?

Context: Paragliding, like any extreme sport, is a potentially dangerous activity. However, the potential for injury can be significantly reduced by training and risk management.

Question: what sort of place is selected for doing it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Paragliding [SEP] Safety


Context: how long do gliders stay in the air

Context: is it a sport?

Context: Yes, a competitive air sport.

Context: how is it done?

Context: does it face any challenges?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are there any competitions of it held?

Context: who organizes it?

Context: The FAI Gliding Commission.

Context: when was it founded?

Context: The Commission was founded in 1932.

Context: does it present any awards?

Context: Yes, hang gliding and paragliding.

Context: what does the latter mean?

Context: which instruments are involved in it?

Context: Foot-launched powered hang gliders.

Context: how does this sport work?

Context: how can it be launched?

Context: is it safe to do this?

Context: what sort of place is selected for doing it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you name someone who hold any world record in the same?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Paragliding [SEP] Safety


Question: when was battle of rennell island fought?

Answer: 29–30 January 1943

Explanation: The took place on 29–30 January 1943.

Battle of Rennell Island [SEP] Introduction

The took place on 29–30 January 1943. It was the last major naval engagement between the United States Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Guadalcanal Campaign of World War II. It occurred in the South Pacific between Rennell Island and Guadalcanal in the southern Solomon Islands. In the battle, Japanese naval land-based torpedo bombers, seeking to provide protection for the impending evacuation of Japanese forces from Guadalcanal, made several attacks over two days on U.S. warships operating as a task force south of this island. In addition to approaching Guadalcanal with the objective of engaging any Japanese ships that might come into range, the U.S.


Context: when was battle of rennell island fought?

Context: 29–30 January 1943

Question: between whom was it fought?

Answer: United States Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy

Explanation: The took place on 29–30 January 1943. It was the last major naval engagement between the United States Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: United States Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy

Question: where did the battle take place?

Answer: In the South Pacific between Rennell Island and Guadalcanal in the southern Solomon Islands

Explanation: It occurred in the South Pacific between Rennell Island and Guadalcanal in the southern Solomon Islands.

task force was protecting an Allied transport ship convoy carrying replacement troops there. As a result of the Japanese air attacks on the task force, one U.S. heavy cruiser was sunk, a destroyer was heavily damaged, and the rest of the U.S. task force was forced to retreat from the southern Solomons area. Partly because they turned back the U.S. task force in this battle, the Japanese successfully evacuated their remaining troops from Guadalcanal by 7 February 1943, leaving it in the hands of the Allies and ending the battle for the island.


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: In the South Pacific between Rennell Island and Guadalcanal in the southern Solomon Islands

Question: where is the former island located?

Answer: In the Solomon Islands

Rennell Island [SEP] Introduction

Rennell Island, locally known as Mugaba, is the main island of two inhabited islands that make up the Rennell and Bellona Province in the Solomon Islands. Rennell Island has a land area of that is about long and wide. It is the second largest raised coral atoll in the world with the largest lake in the insular Pacific, Lake Tegano, a lake that is listed as a World Heritage Site. Rennell Island has a population of about 1,840 persons of Polynesian descent who primarily speak Rennellese, Pijin and some English. Rennell and Bellona Islands are two of the few islands in the Melanesian Solomon Island archipelago classified as a Polynesian outlier; others being Sikaiana, Ontong Java, Tikopia, Anuta, Duff Islands, and some Reef Islands.


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: where is the former island located?

Context: In the Solomon Islands

Question: did this place experience any earthquake?

Answer: Yes. On 2 April 2007 and on 6 February 2013

Explanation:
On 2 April 2007 at 07:39:56 local time (UTC+11) an earthquake with magnitude 8.1 occurred at hypocenter S8.453 E156.957, 349 kilometres (217 miles) northwest of the island's capital, Honiara and south-east of the capital of Western Province, Gizo, at a depth of 10 km (6.2 miles). More than 44 aftershocks with magnitude 5.0 or greater occurred up until 22:00:00 UTC, Wednesday, 4 April 2007. A tsunami followed killing at least 52 people, destroying more than 900 homes and leaving thousands of people homeless. Land upthrust extended the shoreline of one island, Ranongga, by up to 70 metres (230 ft) exposing many once pristine coral reefs.

On 6 February 2013, an earthquake with magnitude of 8.0 occurred at epicentre S10.80 E165.11 in the Santa Cruz Islands

Solomon Islands [SEP] Earthquakes


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: where is the former island located?

Context: In the Solomon Islands

Context: did this place experience any earthquake?

Context: Yes. On 2 April 2007 and on 6 February 2013

Question: where did it take place?

Answer: First earthquake northwest of the island's capital, Honiara and south-east of the capital of Western Province, Gizo and second in the Santa Cruz Islands

Solomon Islands [SEP] Earthquakes


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: where is the former island located?

Context: In the Solomon Islands

Context: where did it take place?

Context: First earthquake northwest of the island's capital, Honiara and south-east of the capital of Western Province, Gizo and second in the Santa Cruz Islands

Question: was this place ever colonized?

Answer: Yes. By Germany and Britain

Explanation: In 1884 Germany annexed north-east New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, and in 1886 they extended their rule over the North Solomon Islands, covering Bougainville, Buka, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, the Shortlands and Ontong Java atoll. In 1886 Germany and Britain confirmed this arrangement, with Britain gaining a "sphere of influence" over the southern Solomons. Germany paid little attention to the islands, with German authorities based in New Guinea not even visiting the area until 1888. The German presence, along with pressure from the missionaries to rein in the excesses of the blackbirding system, prompted the British to declare a protectorate over the southern Solomons in March 1893, initially encompassing New Georgia, Malaita, Guadalcanal, Makira, Mono Island and the central Nggela Islands.

Solomon Islands [SEP] Establishment of colonial rule


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: where is the former island located?

Context: In the Solomon Islands

Context: where did it take place?

Context: was this place ever colonized?

Context: Yes. By Germany and Britain

Question: did the former experience a republican era anytime before?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: where is the former island located?

Context: In the Solomon Islands

Context: where did it take place?

Context: was this place ever colonized?

Context: Yes. By Germany and Britain

Context: did the former experience a republican era anytime before?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is there any lake located in the former island?

Answer: Yes. Lake Tegano

Rennell Island [SEP] Lake Tegano

Official Solomon Island maps name this lake Te Nggano, while locals refer to the lake as Tegano or Tungano or Big Water. The lake is in length and wide, with an area of , which occupies 17.6% of the total area of Rennell Island. The lake is located at East Rennell, the southern portion of Rennell Island, in the central basin which was the old lagoon. The hard bottom is covered by several meters of suspended mud. The lake has an elevated salt concentration being kept by a subterranean duct system which connects it with the sea. The water depth is and consists of a mixture of brackish fresh and salt water.


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: where is the former island located?

Context: In the Solomon Islands

Context: where did it take place?

Context: was this place ever colonized?

Context: Yes. By Germany and Britain

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any lake located in the former island?

Context: Yes. Lake Tegano

Question: what was the background of the war that took place in this island?

Answer: Allied forces landed in the Solomon Islands to deny their use by the Japanese as bases for threatening the supply routes between the U.S. and Australia, and to secure the islands as starting points for a campaign with the eventual goal of isolating the major Japanese base at Rabaul

Battle of Rennell Island [SEP] Background

On 7 August 1942, Allied forces (primarily U.S.) landed on Guadalcanal, Tulagi, and Florida Islands in the Solomon Islands. The landings on the islands were meant to deny their use by the Japanese as bases for threatening the supply routes between the U.S. and Australia, and to secure the islands as starting points for a campaign with the eventual goal of isolating the major Japanese base at Rabaul while also supporting the Allied New Guinea campaign. The landings initiated the six-month-long Guadalcanal campaign. The last major attempt by the Japanese to drive Allied forces from Guadalcanal and Tulagi was defeated during the decisive Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in early November 1942.


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: where is the former island located?

Context: In the Solomon Islands

Context: where did it take place?

Context: was this place ever colonized?

Context: Yes. By Germany and Britain

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes. Lake Tegano

Context: what was the background of the war that took place in this island?

Context: Allied forces landed in the Solomon Islands to deny their use by the Japanese as bases for threatening the supply routes between the U.S. and Australia, and to secure the islands as starting points for a campaign with the eventual goal of isolating the major Japanese base at Rabaul

Question: this last place that you mentioned in your answer, is that a volcanic zone?

Answer: Yes. Rabaul volcano is one of the most active and most dangerous volcanoes in Papua New Guinea

Rabaul [SEP] Introduction

Rabaul is a township in East New Britain province, on the island of New Britain, in the country of Papua New Guinea. It lies about 600 kilometres to the east of the island of New Guinea. Rabaul was the provincial capital and most important settlement in the province until it was destroyed in 1994 by falling ash from a volcanic eruption in its harbor. During the eruption ash was sent thousands of metres into the air, and the subsequent rain of ash caused 80% of the buildings in Rabaul to collapse. After the eruption the capital was moved to Kokopo, about away.


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: where is the former island located?

Context: In the Solomon Islands

Context: where did it take place?

Context: was this place ever colonized?

Context: Yes. By Germany and Britain

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes. Lake Tegano

Context: this last place that you mentioned in your answer, is that a volcanic zone?

Context: Yes. Rabaul volcano is one of the most active and most dangerous volcanoes in Papua New Guinea

Question: how is the climate here?

Answer: Tropical rainforest climate, which is constantly hot, humid, overcast and oppressive

Rabaul [SEP] Climate

Rabaul features a tropical rainforest climate, which is constantly hot, humid, overcast and oppressive. Rabaul experiences significant rainfall year-round, and is classified as Af by Köppen and Geiger. The average annual temperature in Rabaul is 26.9 °C and rainfall there averages 2201 mm.


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: where is the former island located?

Context: In the Solomon Islands

Context: where did it take place?

Context: was this place ever colonized?

Context: Yes. By Germany and Britain

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes. Lake Tegano

Context: how is the climate here?

Context: Tropical rainforest climate, which is constantly hot, humid, overcast and oppressive

Question: which other climate is compared to this one?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Rabaul [SEP] Climate


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: where is the former island located?

Context: In the Solomon Islands

Context: where did it take place?

Context: was this place ever colonized?

Context: Yes. By Germany and Britain

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes. Lake Tegano

Context: how is the climate here?

Context: which other climate is compared to this one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: the former navy group you mentioned earlier, when was it established?

Answer: 13 October 1775

United States Navy [SEP] Origins

On 13 October 1775, the Continental Congress authorized the purchase of two vessels to be armed for a cruise against British merchantmen; this resolution created the Continental Navy and is considered the first establishment of the U.S. Navy. The Continental Navy achieved mixed results; it was successful in a number of engagements and raided many British merchant vessels, but it lost twenty-four of its vessels and at one point was reduced to two in active service. In August 1785, after the Revolutionary War had drawn to a close, Congress had sold , the last ship remaining in the Continental Navy due to a lack of funds to maintain the ship or support a navy.


Context: 29–30 January 1943

Context: between whom was it fought?

Context: where did the battle take place?

Context: where is the former island located?

Context: In the Solomon Islands

Context: where did it take place?

Context: was this place ever colonized?

Context: Yes. By Germany and Britain

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes. Lake Tegano

Context: how is the climate here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: the former navy group you mentioned earlier, when was it established?

Context: 13 October 1775

Question: where is it based?

Answer: Hampton Roads, Virginia and Charleston, South Carolina

Explanation:
The second largest concentration of installations is at Hampton Roads, Virginia, where the navy occupies over of land. Located at Hampton Roads are Naval Station Norfolk, homeport of the Atlantic Fleet; Naval Air Station Oceana, a Master Jet Base; Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek; and Training Support Center Hampton Roads as well as a number of Navy and commercial shipyards that service navy vessels. The Aegis Training and Readiness Center is located at the Naval Support Activity South Potomac in Dahlgren, Virginia. Maryland is home to NAS Patuxent River, which houses the Navy's Test Pilot School. Also located in Maryland is the United States Naval Academy, situated in Annapolis. NS Newport in Newport, Rhode Island is home to many schools and tenant commands, including the Officer Candidate School, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, and more, and also maintains inactive ships.

There is also a naval base in Charleston, South Carolina.

United States Navy [SEP] Eastern United States


Question: what is the battle of taejon?

Answer: It was an early battle of the Korean War.

Explanation: was an early battle of the Korean War

Battle of Taejon [SEP] Introduction

The Battle of Taejon (14–21 July 1950) was an early battle of the Korean War, between U.S. and North Korean forces. Forces of the United States Army attempted to defend the headquarters of the 24th Infantry Division. The 24th Infantry Division was overwhelmed by numerically superior forces of the Korean People's Army (KPA) at the major city and transportation hub of Taejon. The 24th Infantry Division's regiments were already exhausted from the previous two weeks of delaying actions to stem the advance of the KPA. The entire 24th Division gathered to make a final stand around Taejon, holding a line along the Kum River to the east of the city.


Context: what is the battle of taejon?

Context: It was an early battle of the Korean War.

Question: where did it take place?

Answer: The major city and transportation hub of Taejon

Explanation: the major city and transportation hub of Taejon

Battle of Taejon [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the battle of taejon?

Context: where did it take place?

Context: The major city and transportation hub of Taejon

Question: who were the parties involved in the battle?

Answer: U.S. and North Koreans

Explanation: U.S. and North Korean

Battle of Taejon [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the battle of taejon?

Context: where did it take place?

Context: who were the parties involved in the battle?

Context: U.S. and North Koreans

Question: what was the result of it?

Answer: The 24th Infantry Division were victorious over the North Koreans.

Battle of Taejon [SEP] Introduction

Hampered by a lack of communication and equipment, and a shortage of heavy weapons to match the KPA's firepower, the outnumbered, ill-equipped and untrained U.S. forces were pushed back from the riverbank after several days before fighting an intense urban battle to defend the city. After a fierce three-day struggle, the U.S. withdrew. Although they could not hold the city, the 24th Infantry Division achieved a strategic victory by delaying the North Koreans, providing time for other U.S. divisions to establish a defensive perimeter around Pusan further south. The delay imposed at Taejon probably prevented a U.S. rout during the subsequent Battle of Pusan Perimeter.


Context: what is the battle of taejon?

Context: where did it take place?

Context: U.S. and North Koreans

Context: what was the result of it?

Context: The 24th Infantry Division were victorious over the North Koreans.

Question: what is the climate like in the second country?

Answer: Humid continental climate

North Korea [SEP] Climate

North Korea experiences a combination of continental climate and an oceanic climate, but most of the country experiences a humid continental climate within the Köppen climate classification scheme. Winters bring clear weather interspersed with snow storms as a result of northern and northwestern winds that blow from Siberia. Summer tends to be by far the hottest, most humid, and rainiest time of year because of the southern and southeastern monsoon winds that carry moist air from the Pacific Ocean. Approximately 60 percent of all precipitation occurs from June to September. Spring and autumn are transitional seasons between summer and winter.


Context: what is the battle of taejon?

Context: where did it take place?

Context: U.S. and North Koreans

Context: what was the result of it?

Context: what is the climate like in the second country?

Context: Humid continental climate

Question: which dynasty rules this place?

Answer: Kim dynasty

Explanation: Kim dynasty

North Korea [SEP] Kim dynasty

North Korea is ruled by the Kim dynasty, which in North Korea is referred to as the "Mount Paektu Bloodline". It is a three-generation lineage descending from the country's first leader, Kim Il-sung. Kim developed a cult of personality closely tied to the state philosophy of "Juche", which was later passed on to his successors: his son Kim Jong-il and grandson Kim Jong-un. In 2013, this lineage was made explicit when Clause 2 of Article 10 of the newly edited "Ten Fundamental Principles of the Korean Workers' Party" stated that the party and revolution must be carried "eternally" by the "Mount Paektu Bloodline".


Context: what is the battle of taejon?

Context: where did it take place?

Context: U.S. and North Koreans

Context: what was the result of it?

Context: Humid continental climate

Context: which dynasty rules this place?

Context: Kim dynasty

Question: what languages are spoken here?

Answer: Korean language, Pyongyang dialect, Chinese etc

Explanation: Korean language

North Korea [SEP] Language

North Korea shares the Korean language with South Korea, although some dialectal differences exist within both Koreas. North Koreans refer to their Pyongyang dialect as "munhwaŏ" ("cultured language") as opposed to the dialects of South Korea, especially the Seoul dialect or "p'yojun'ŏ" ("standard language"), which are viewed as decadent because of its use of loanwords from Chinese and European languages (particularly English). Words of Chinese, Manchu or Western origin have been eliminated from "munhwa" along with the usage of Chinese hancha characters. Written language uses only the chosŏn'gŭl (Hangul) phonetic alphabet, developed under Sejong the Great (1418–1450).


Context: what is the battle of taejon?

Context: where did it take place?

Context: U.S. and North Koreans

Context: what was the result of it?

Context: Humid continental climate

Context: which dynasty rules this place?

Context: Kim dynasty

Context: what languages are spoken here?

Context: Korean language, Pyongyang dialect, Chinese etc

Question: what are the different dialects of the first?

Answer: Pyongyang, Seoul, Gyeongsang etc

Explanation: P'yŏngyang

Korean language [SEP] Dialects

Korean has numerous small local dialects (called "mal" () [literally "speech"], "saturi" (), or "bang'eon" ( in Korean). The standard language ("pyojun-eo" or "pyojun-mal") of both South Korea and North Korea is based on the dialect of the area around Seoul (which, as Hanyang, was the capital of Joseon-era Korea for 500 years), though the northern standard after the Korean War has been influenced by the dialect of P'yŏngyang. All dialects of Korean are similar to each other and largely mutually intelligible (with the exception of dialect-specific phrases or non-Standard vocabulary unique to dialects), though the dialect of Jeju Island is divergent enough to be sometimes classified as a separate language.


Context: what is the battle of taejon?

Context: where did it take place?

Context: U.S. and North Koreans

Context: what was the result of it?

Context: Humid continental climate

Context: which dynasty rules this place?

Context: Kim dynasty

Context: what languages are spoken here?

Context: what are the different dialects of the first?

Context: Pyongyang, Seoul, Gyeongsang etc

Question: name an institute that teaches the language.

Answer: TOPIK Korea Institute

Explanation: TOPIK Korea Institute

Korean language [SEP] TOPIK Korea Institute

The TOPIK Korea Institute is a lifelong educational center affiliated with a variety of Korean universities in Seoul, South Korea, whose aim is to promote Korean language and culture, support local Korean teaching internationally, and facilitate cultural exchanges. The institute is sometimes compared to language and culture promotion organizations such as the King Sejong Institute. Unlike that organization, however, TOPIK Korea Institute operates within established universities and colleges around the world, providing educational materials. In countries around the world, Korean embassies and cultural centers (한국문화원) administer TOPIK examinations.


Context: what is the battle of taejon?

Context: where did it take place?

Context: U.S. and North Koreans

Context: what was the result of it?

Context: Humid continental climate

Context: which dynasty rules this place?

Context: Kim dynasty

Context: what languages are spoken here?

Context: Pyongyang, Seoul, Gyeongsang etc

Context: name an institute that teaches the language.

Context: TOPIK Korea Institute

Question: are there any differences in this regard between the two koreas?

Answer: Yes, in  pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary

Korean language [SEP] Differences between North Korean and South Korean

The Korean language used in the North and the South exhibits differences in pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary.


Context: what is the battle of taejon?

Context: where did it take place?

Context: U.S. and North Koreans

Context: what was the result of it?

Context: Humid continental climate

Context: which dynasty rules this place?

Context: Kim dynasty

Context: what languages are spoken here?

Context: Pyongyang, Seoul, Gyeongsang etc

Context: TOPIK Korea Institute

Context: are there any differences in this regard between the two koreas?

Context: Yes, in  pronunciation, spelling, grammar and vocabulary

Question: what are the different levels of speech?

Answer: The relationship between speaker/writer and subject referent is reflected in "honorifics", whereas that between speaker/writer and audience is reflected in "speech level".

Explanation: The relationship between a speaker or writer and his or her subject and audience is paramount in Korean grammar. The relationship between speaker/writer and subject referent is reflected in "honorifics", whereas that between speaker/writer and audience is reflected in "speech level".

Korean language [SEP] Speech levels and honorifics


Question: what is the dinosaur in jurassic park that spits

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Dilophosaurus [SEP] Introduction

Dilophosaurus ( ) is a genus of theropod dinosaurs that lived in what is now North America during the Early Jurassic, about 193 million years ago. Three skeletons were discovered in northern Arizona in 1940, and the two best preserved were collected in 1942. The most complete specimen became the holotype of a new species in the genus "Megalosaurus", named "M. wetherilli" by Samuel P. Welles in 1954. Welles found a larger skeleton belonging to the same species in 1964. Realizing it bore crests on its skull, he assigned the species to the new genus "Dilophosaurus" in 1970, as Dilophosaurus wetherilli.


Context: what is the dinosaur in jurassic park that spits

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is dilophosaurus?

Answer: It is a genus of theropod dinosaurs

Explanation: Dilophosaurus ( ) is a genus of theropod dinosaurs that lived in what is now North America during the Early Jurassic, about 193 million years ago.

Dilophosaurus [SEP] Introduction

Due to the limited range of movement and shortness of the fore limbs, the mouth may instead have made first contact with prey. The function of the crests is unknown; they were too weak for battle, but may have been used in visual display, such as species recognition and sexual selection. It may have grown rapidly, attaining a growth rate of per year early in life. The holotype specimen had multiple paleopathologies, including healed injuries and signs of a developmental anomaly. "Dilophosaurus" is known from the Kayenta Formation, and lived alongside dinosaurs such as "Megapnosaurus" and "Sarahsaurus". "Dilophosaurus" was featured in the novel "Jurassic Park" and its movie adaptation, wherein it was given the fictional abilities to spit venom and expand a neck frill, as well as being smaller than the real animal.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is dilophosaurus?

Context: It is a genus of theropod dinosaurs

Question: who discovered it?

Answer: Samuel P. Welles

Explanation: The most complete specimen became the holotype of a new species in the genus "Megalosaurus", named "M. wetherilli" by Samuel P. Welles in 1954. Welles found a larger skeleton belonging to the same species in 1964. Realizing it bore crests on its skull, he assigned the species to the new genus "Dilophosaurus" in 1970, as Dilophosaurus wetherilli.

Dilophosaurus [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is dilophosaurus?

Context: It is a genus of theropod dinosaurs

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Samuel P. Welles

Question: what does it feed on?

Answer: Prosauropods, small animals and fish

Dilophosaurus [SEP] Feeding and diet

In 1986, the paleontologist Robert T. Bakker instead found "Dilophosaurus", with its massive neck and skull and large upper teeth, to have been adapted for killing large prey, and strong enough to attack any Early Jurassic herbivores. In 1988, Paul dismissed the idea that "Dilophosaurus" was a scavenger, and claimed that strictly scavenging terrestrial animals are a myth. He stated that the snout of "Dilophosaurus" was better braced than had been thought previously, and that the very large, slender maxillary teeth were more lethal than the claws. Paul suggested that it hunted large animals such as prosauropods, and that it was more capable of snapping small animals than other theropods of a similar size.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is dilophosaurus?

Context: It is a genus of theropod dinosaurs

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Samuel P. Welles

Context: what does it feed on?

Context: Prosauropods, small animals and fish

Question: what cultural significance does it have?

Answer: It was featured in the 1990 novel "Jurassic Park" and its 1993 movie adaptation

Dilophosaurus [SEP] Cultural significance

"Dilophosaurus" was featured in the 1990 novel "Jurassic Park", by the writer Michael Crichton, and its 1993 movie adaptation by the director Steven Spielberg. The "Dilophosaurus" of "Jurassic Park" was acknowledged as the "only serious departure from scientific veracity" in the movie's making-of book, and as the "most fictionalized" of the movie's dinosaurs in a book about Stan Winston Studios, which created the animatronics effects. For the novel, Crichton invented the dinosaur's ability to spit venom (explaining how it was able to kill prey, in spite of its seemingly weak jaws). The art department added another feature, a cowl folded against its neck that expanded and vibrated as the animal prepared to attack, similar to that of the frill-necked lizard.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is dilophosaurus?

Context: It is a genus of theropod dinosaurs

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Samuel P. Welles

Context: what does it feed on?

Context: Prosauropods, small animals and fish

Context: what cultural significance does it have?

Context: It was featured in the 1990 novel "Jurassic Park" and its 1993 movie adaptation

Question: who directed the film?

Answer: Steven Spielberg

Explanation: "Dilophosaurus" was featured in the 1990 novel "Jurassic Park", by the writer Michael Crichton, and its 1993 movie adaptation by the director Steven Spielberg.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is dilophosaurus?

Context: It is a genus of theropod dinosaurs

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Samuel P. Welles

Context: what does it feed on?

Context: Prosauropods, small animals and fish

Context: who directed the film?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Question: what kind of exhibitions happen at this park?

Answer: An exhibition featuring dinosaurs that were created for use in the first film and A travelling exhibition, The Lost World: The Life and Death of Dinosaurs

Jurassic Park [SEP] Exhibitions and live show

In June 1993, the American Museum of Natural History in New York debuted The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park, an exhibition featuring dinosaurs that were created for use in the first film. The exhibition opening coincided with the film. Other museums were threatened with legal action for using the word "Jurassic" in exhibit titles. A travelling exhibition, The Lost World: The Life and Death of Dinosaurs, went on tour in 1997. The exhibit was produced in connection with the second film, and its centerpiece was a 70-foot-long recreation of a "Mamenchisaurus", a dinosaur featured in the film. Another travelling exhibit, The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park and The Lost World, went on tour in 1998.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is dilophosaurus?

Context: It is a genus of theropod dinosaurs

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Samuel P. Welles

Context: what does it feed on?

Context: Prosauropods, small animals and fish

Context: who directed the film?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: what kind of exhibitions happen at this park?

Context: An exhibition featuring dinosaurs that were created for use in the first film and A travelling exhibition, The Lost World: The Life and Death of Dinosaurs

Question: are there any video games based on it?

Answer: Yes, "Jurassic Park Interactive"

Jurassic Park [SEP] Video games

When the first film was released in 1993, two different video game publishers were given the rights to publish games based on it, Sega and Ocean Software. Both produced several different games based on the film for various game systems, including the NES and Sega Genesis. In 1994, Ocean Software produced a game sequel titled "", while Sega released "". In addition, Universal Interactive Studios produced "Jurassic Park Interactive" for the 3DO system. In 1997, several games were released for the second film in the franchise, including some by DreamWorks Interactive. A subsequent game, "Trespasser", was released as a "digital sequel" to "The Lost World: Jurassic Park".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is dilophosaurus?

Context: It is a genus of theropod dinosaurs

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Samuel P. Welles

Context: what does it feed on?

Context: Prosauropods, small animals and fish

Context: who directed the film?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: are there any video games based on it?

Context: Yes, "Jurassic Park Interactive"

Question: who developed it?

Answer: Universal Interactive Studios

Jurassic Park Interactive [SEP] Introduction

Jurassic Park Interactive is an action video game based on the 1993 movie "Jurassic Park". It was released in North America on May 10, 1994 exclusively for the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer by Universal Interactive Studios. "Jurassic Park Interactive" was the first video game released by Universal Interactive Studios.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is dilophosaurus?

Context: It is a genus of theropod dinosaurs

Context: who discovered it?

Context: Samuel P. Welles

Context: what does it feed on?

Context: Prosauropods, small animals and fish

Context: who directed the film?

Context: Steven Spielberg

Context: are there any video games based on it?

Context: Yes, "Jurassic Park Interactive"

Context: who developed it?

Context: Universal Interactive Studios

Question: how is the game played?

Answer: Players have to locate various guests on the map, then engage in a short first-person action level

Jurassic Park Interactive [SEP] Gameplay

The game's interface is set as a computer screen that allows the player to navigate a map of the island, as well as a collection of five minigames programmed by Dennis Nedry. Players have to locate various guests on the map, then engage in a short first-person action level that either involves outrunning a "Tyrannosaurus" in a jeep, escaping from a small building containing raptors, or shooting approaching dilophosaurs with a charged electric gun. The end of the game comes once the player successfully relocates all of the island's guests to the helipad dock and locates outside help by breaking through the minigames.


Question: what parts of south america are part of antarctica

Answer: South America and Australia were not part of the fabled "Antarctica".

Explanation: Even in the late 17th century, after explorers had found that South America and Australia were not part of the fabled "Antarctica", geographers believed that the continent was much larger than its actual size.

Antarctica [SEP] History of exploration

Integral to the story of the origin of Antarctica's name is that it was not named "Terra Australis"—this name was given to Australia instead, because of the misconception that no significant landmass could exist further south. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has been credited with popularising the transfer of the name "Terra Australis" to Australia. He justified the titling of his book "A Voyage to Terra Australis" (1814) by writing in the introduction: European maps continued to show this hypothetical land until Captain James Cook's ships, and , crossed the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773, in December 1773 and again in January 1774.


Context: what parts of south america are part of antarctica

Context: South America and Australia were not part of the fabled "Antarctica".

Question: when was it explored the first time?

Answer: 17 January 1773.

Explanation: European maps continued to show this hypothetical land until Captain James Cook's ships, and , crossed the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773, in December 1773 and again in January 1774. Cook came within about of the Antarctic coast before retreating in the face of field ice in January 1773.

Antarctica [SEP] History of exploration


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Question: when did it break from gondwana?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Antarctica [SEP] History of exploration

Antarctica has no indigenous population. In February 1775, during his second voyage, Captain Cook called the existence of such a polar continent "probable" and in another copy of his journal he wrote: "[I] firmly believe it and it's more than probable that we have seen a part of it". However, belief in the existence of a "Terra Australis"—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had prevailed since the times of Ptolemy in the 1st century AD. Even in the late 17th century, after explorers had found that South America and Australia were not part of the fabled "Antarctica", geographers believed that the continent was much larger than its actual size.


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is there any human population there?

Answer: Yes, 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer.

Antarctica [SEP] Population

Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer, giving it a population density between 70 and 350 inhabitants per million square kilometres (180 and 900 per million square miles) at these times. Many of the stations are staffed year-round, the winter-over personnel typically arriving from their home countries for a one-year assignment. An Orthodox church—Trinity Church, opened in 2004 at the Russian Bellingshausen Station—is manned year-round by one or two priests, who are similarly rotated every year.


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: Yes, 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer.

Question: which major research organizations are located there?

Answer: McMurdo Station

Antarctica [SEP] Research

Each year, scientists from 28 different nations conduct experiments not reproducible in any other place in the world. In the summer more than 4,000 scientists operate research stations; this number decreases to just over 1,000 in the winter. McMurdo Station, which is the largest research station in Antarctica, is capable of housing more than 1,000 scientists, visitors, and tourists. Researchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with the study of the history and dynamics of floating ice, seasonal snow, glaciers, and ice sheets.


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: which major research organizations are located there?

Context: McMurdo Station

Question: which country established it?

Answer: United States

McMurdo Station [SEP] Introduction

The McMurdo Station is a United States Antarctic research station on the south tip of Ross Island, which is in the New Zealand–claimed Ross Dependency on the shore of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. It is operated by the United States through the United States Antarctic Program, a branch of the National Science Foundation. The station is the largest community in Antarctica, capable of supporting up to 1,258 residents, and serves as one of three year-round United States Antarctic science facilities. All personnel and cargo going to or coming from Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station first pass through McMurdo. By road, McMurdo is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from New Zealand's smaller Scott Base.


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: McMurdo Station

Context: which country established it?

Context: United States

Question: what are its functions?

Answer: It provides support for operations, logistics, information technology, construction, and maintenance.

McMurdo Station [SEP] Contemporary functions

, McMurdo Station was Antarctica's largest community and a functional, modern-day science station, including a harbor, three airfields (two seasonal), a heliport and more than 100 buildings, including the Albert P. Crary Science and Engineering Center. The station is also home to the continent's two ATMs, both provided by Wells Fargo Bank. The work done at McMurdo Station primarily focuses on science, but most of the residents (approximately 1,000 in the summer and around 250 in the winter) are not scientists, but station personnel who provide support for operations, logistics, information technology, construction, and maintenance. Scientists and other personnel at McMurdo are participants in the USAP, which co-ordinates research and operational support in the region.


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: McMurdo Station

Context: which country established it?

Context: United States

Context: what are its functions?

Context: It provides support for operations, logistics, information technology, construction, and maintenance.

Question: is it involved in any climate study?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: McMurdo Station

Context: which country established it?

Context: United States

Context: what are its functions?

Context: is it involved in any climate study?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which animals are found on the continent?

Answer: Penguins, blue whales and orcas.

Antarctica [SEP] Animals

Few terrestrial vertebrates live in Antarctica, and those that do are limited to the sub-Antarctic islands. Invertebrate life includes microscopic mites like the "Alaskozetes antarcticus", lice, nematodes, tardigrades, rotifers, krill and springtails. The flightless midge "Belgica antarctica", up to in size, is the largest purely terrestrial animal in Antarctica. Another member of Chironomidae is "Parochlus steinenii". The snow petrel is one of only three birds that breed exclusively in Antarctica. Some species of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals. The emperor penguin is the only penguin that breeds during the winter in Antarctica; it and the Adélie penguin breed farther south than any other penguin.


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: McMurdo Station

Context: which country established it?

Context: United States

Context: what are its functions?

Context: is it involved in any climate study?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which animals are found on the continent?

Context: Penguins, blue whales and orcas.

Question: are the first animals also found ono any other continent?

Answer: Yes, Australia.

Penguin [SEP] Distribution and habitat

There is some disagreement about this, and several other authors have noted that there are fossil penguin species that contradict this hypothesis and that ocean currents and upwellings are likely to have had a greater effect on species diversity than latitude alone. Major populations of penguins are found in Angola, Antarctica, Argentina, Australia, Chile, Namibia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Satellite images and photos released in 2018 show the population of two million in France's remote Ile aux Cochons has collapsed, with barely 200,000 remaining, according to a study published in Antarctic Science.


Question: why was canberra chosen to be the nation's capital

Answer: Since it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall

Canberra [SEP] Introduction

Canberra ( ) is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory; south-west of Sydney and north-east of Melbourne. On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies of Australia was achieved. Section 125 of the new Australian Constitution provided that land, situated in New South Wales and at least 100 miles (160 km) from Sydney, would be ceded to the new federal government.


Context: why was canberra chosen to be the nation's capital

Context: Since it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall

Question: where is geographically located?

Answer: Located near the Brindabella Ranges, approximately inland from Australia's east coast

Canberra [SEP] Geography

Canberra covers an area of and is located near the Brindabella Ranges, approximately inland from Australia's east coast. It has an elevation of approximately AHD; the highest point is Mount Majura at . Other low mountains include Mount Taylor , Mount Ainslie , Mount Mugga Mugga and Black Mountain . The native forest in the Canberra region was almost wholly eucalypt species and provided a resource for fuel and domestic purposes. By the early 1960s, logging had depleted the eucalypt, and concern about water quality led to the forests being closed. Interest in forestry began in 1915 with trials of a number of species including "Pinus radiata" on the slopes of Mount Stromlo.


Context: where is geographically located?

Context: Located near the Brindabella Ranges, approximately inland from Australia's east coast

Question: describe it's climatic condition?

Answer: Canberra has an oceanic climate

Explanation: Canberra has an oceanic climate

Canberra [SEP] Climate

Under the Köppen-Geiger classification, Canberra has an oceanic climate ("Cfb"). In January, the warmest month, the average high is approximately ; however, in July, the coldest month, the average high drops to approximately . Frost is common in the winter months. Snow is rare in the CBD (central business district), but the surrounding areas get annual snowfall through winter and often the snow-capped mountains can be seen from the CBD. The last significant snowfall in the city centre was in 1968. The highest recorded maximum temperature was on 4 January 2020. Winter 2011 was Canberra's warmest winter on record, approximately above the average temperature.


Context: where is geographically located?

Context: describe it's climatic condition?

Context: Canberra has an oceanic climate

Question: what is the most followed religious belief?

Answer: Christianity

Canberra [SEP] Religion

On census night in 2016, approximately 50.0% of ACT residents described themselves as Christian (excluding not stated responses), the most common denominations being Catholic and Anglican; 36.2% described themselves as having no religion.


Context: where is geographically located?

Context: describe it's climatic condition?

Context: Canberra has an oceanic climate

Context: what is the most followed religious belief?

Context: Christianity

Question: what is the local language spoken here?

Answer: Around 72.7% of people spoke only English at home

Canberra [SEP] Language

At the 2016 census, 72.7% of people spoke only English at home. The other languages most commonly spoken at home were Mandarin (3.1%), Vietnamese (1.1%), Cantonese (1%), Hindi (0.9%) and Spanish (0.8%).


Context: where is geographically located?

Context: describe it's climatic condition?

Context: Canberra has an oceanic climate

Context: Christianity

Context: what is the local language spoken here?

Context: Around 72.7% of people spoke only English at home

Question: what is the major financial economic structure of this place?

Answer: The city's main industry is public administration and safety, which accounted for 27.1% of Gross Territory Product in 2018-19 and employed 32.49% of Canberra's workforce.

Canberra [SEP] Economy

As of January 2014 the median unit rent in Canberra was $410 per week and median housing rent was $460, making the city the third most expensive in the country. Factors contributing to this higher weekly rental market include; higher average weekly incomes, restricted land supply, and inflationary clauses in the ACT Residential Tenancies Act. The city's main industry is public administration and safety, which accounted for 27.1% of Gross Territory Product in 2018-19 and employed 32.49% of Canberra's workforce. The headquarters of many Australian Public Service agencies are located in Canberra, and Canberra is also host to several Australian Defence Force establishments, most notably the Australian Defence Force headquarters and , which is a naval communications centre that is being converted into a tri-service, multi-user depot.


Context: where is geographically located?

Context: describe it's climatic condition?

Context: Canberra has an oceanic climate

Context: Christianity

Context: what is the local language spoken here?

Context: what is the major financial economic structure of this place?

Context: The city's main industry is public administration and safety, which accounted for 27.1% of Gross Territory Product in 2018-19 and employed 32.49% of Canberra's workforce.

Question: where did the original australians immigrate from?

Answer: Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior before the Dutch came. They are the original native Australians

Australia [SEP] Introduction

Australia, officially known as the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. It is the largest country in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The population of / 1000000 round 0 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney. The country's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, and Adelaide. Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century, who named it New Holland.


Context: where is geographically located?

Context: describe it's climatic condition?

Context: Canberra has an oceanic climate

Context: Christianity

Context: what is the local language spoken here?

Context: where did the original australians immigrate from?

Context: Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior before the Dutch came. They are the original native Australians

Question: enumerate a few neighboring states to the capital city?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Australia [SEP] Introduction


Context: where is geographically located?

Context: describe it's climatic condition?

Context: Canberra has an oceanic climate

Context: Christianity

Context: what is the local language spoken here?

Context: enumerate a few neighboring states to the capital city?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: where does the country's name originate?

Answer: From the Latin "Terra Australis" ("southern land")

Australia [SEP] Name

The name "Australia" (pronounced in Australian English) is derived from the Latin "Terra Australis" ("southern land"), a name used for a hypothetical continent in the Southern Hemisphere since ancient times. When Europeans first began visiting and mapping Australia in the 17th century, the name "Terra Australis" was naturally applied to the new territories. Until the early 19th century, Australia was best known as "New Holland", a name first applied by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1644 (as "Nieuw-Holland") and subsequently anglicised. "Terra Australis" still saw occasional usage, such as in scientific texts. The name "Australia" was popularised by the explorer Matthew Flinders, who said it was "more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the earth".


Context: where is geographically located?

Context: describe it's climatic condition?

Context: Canberra has an oceanic climate

Context: Christianity

Context: what is the local language spoken here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: where does the country's name originate?

Context: From the Latin "Terra Australis" ("southern land")

Question: is this language being used in any religion?

Answer: Yes, in the Catholic Church

Latin [SEP] Religious use

The largest organisation that retains Latin in official and quasi-official contexts is the Catholic Church. Latin remains the language of the Roman Rite; the Tridentine Mass is celebrated in Latin. Although the Mass of Paul VI is usually celebrated in the local vernacular language, it can be and often is said in Latin, in part or in whole, especially at multilingual gatherings. It is the official language of the Holy See, the primary language of its public journal, the , and the working language of the Roman Rota. Vatican City is also home to the world's only automatic teller machine that gives instructions in Latin.