Context: who are the new characters on hawaii five-o

Context: Norman Reedus, Tom Berenger, James Caan, Patty Duke, Lewis Tan, Peter Fonda, Michael Madsen, Daryl Hannah, Bronson Pinchot, Craig T. Nelson

Question: what is the genre?

Answer: Action police procedural television series

Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series) [SEP] Introduction

Hawaii Five-0 is an American action police procedural television series that centers around a special police major crimes task force operating at the behest of the governor of Hawaii. It is a reboot of the 1968–1980 series "Hawaii Five-O" (the original series had the letter "O" instead of the number "0" in its title), which also aired on CBS. The series was produced by K/O Paper Products and 101st Street Entertainment, initially in association with CBS Productions, then CBS Television Studios starting in season three. The show received praise for its modern take on the original series. The series premiered on September 20, 2010 on CBS and aired on Mondays for its first three seasons.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: Action police procedural television series

Question: what is this series about?

Answer: It is about a special police major crimes task force operating at the behest of the governor of Hawaii.

Explanation: centers around a special police major crimes task force operating at the behest of the governor of Hawaii.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: It is about a special police major crimes task force operating at the behest of the governor of Hawaii.

Question: who are some of the special guests stars in it?

Answer: Norman Reedus, Tom Berenger, James Caan, Patty Duke, Lewis Tan, Peter Fonda, Michael Madsen, Daryl Hannah, Bronson Pinchot, Craig T. Nelson, Robert Loggia, Kevin Sorbo, Adam Beach, Corbin Bernsen, Rebecca De Mornay, Jeff Fahey, Bruce Davison, Tim Daly, Gail O'Grady, Sung Kang, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Tony Curran, Bai Ling, Rick Springfield, Tom Arnold, George Takei

Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series) [SEP] Notable guests and special guest stars

Among notable guests who made an appearance on show are actors Norman Reedus, Tom Berenger, James Caan, Patty Duke, Lewis Tan, Peter Fonda, Michael Madsen, Daryl Hannah, Bronson Pinchot, Craig T. Nelson, Robert Loggia, Kevin Sorbo, Adam Beach, Corbin Bernsen, Rebecca De Mornay, Jeff Fahey, Bruce Davison, Tim Daly, Gail O'Grady, Sung Kang, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Tony Curran, Bai Ling, Rick Springfield, Tom Arnold, George Takei, Treat Williams, Peter Weller, Terrence Howard, Joan Collins, Cloris Leachman, Lance Gross and Chuck Norris, athletes Michelle Wie, Martellus Bennett, Eric Dickerson, Jerry Rice, Michael Bennett and Metta World Peace, models Jasmine Tookes, Jacquelyn Jablonski, Behati Prinsloo and Kendall Jenner, and musicians Jimmy Buffett, Sean Combs, Nas and Nick Jonas.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: who are some of the special guests stars in it?

Context: Norman Reedus, Tom Berenger, James Caan, Patty Duke, Lewis Tan, Peter Fonda, Michael Madsen, Daryl Hannah, Bronson Pinchot, Craig T. Nelson, Robert Loggia, Kevin Sorbo, Adam Beach, Corbin Bernsen, Rebecca De Mornay, Jeff Fahey, Bruce Davison, Tim Daly, Gail O'Grady, Sung Kang, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Tony Curran, Bai Ling, Rick Springfield, Tom Arnold, George Takei

Question: on which network was it aired?

Answer: CBS

Explanation: CBS

Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series) [SEP] Broadcast and release

The series premiered in the United States on CBS on September 20, 2010, exactly 42 years after the premiere of the original series. Canada's Global TV and NTV premiered the show at the same time as the United States premiere. "Hawaii Five-0" has been syndicated for broadcast in several countries worldwide, including Australia, the United Kingdom, and South Africa.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Question: which films has the first special guest star?

Answer: "The Boondock Saints", "Blade 2", "Deuces Wild"

Norman Reedus [SEP] Introduction

Norman Mark Reedus (born January 6, 1969) is an American actor, voice actor, television host, and model. Reedus is known for starring in the popular AMC horror drama series "The Walking Dead" as Daryl Dixon, in the film "The Boondock Saints" (1999) and its sequel "" (2009) as Murphy MacManus, as Scud in Marvel's "Blade 2" (2002), Marco in "Deuces Wild" (2002) and for his AMC TV show "Ride with Norman Reedus". He has acted in numerous films and television series, and modeled for various fashion designers (most recognizably Prada in the 1990s). Reedus also provided motion capture and voice acting for the main character Sam in Hideo Kojima's video game, "Death Stranding" (2019).


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Context: which films has the first special guest star?

Context: "The Boondock Saints", "Blade 2", "Deuces Wild"

Question: what was his role in the walking dead series?

Answer: He played Daryl Dixon

Explanation: Daryl Dixon

Norman Reedus [SEP] "The Walking Dead"

In 2010, Reedus began playing Daryl Dixon in the AMC television series "The Walking Dead", a horror drama about a group of friends and family members who fight to survive in a violent apocalyptic world populated with flesh-eating zombies and the few surviving humans. The character was not originally in the comic book series of the same name, but was created specifically for Reedus after his audition for the character of Merle Dixon. "The Walking Dead" comic creator Robert Kirkman feels "absolutely blessed Reedus has honored the show with his presence, and the way he has come in and taken over that role and defined Daryl Dixon.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Context: what was his role in the walking dead series?

Context: He played Daryl Dixon

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Hollywood, Florida

Explanation: Hollywood, Florida

Norman Reedus [SEP] Early life

Reedus was born in Hollywood, Florida, the son of Marianne (née Yarber), a teacher, and Ira Norman Reedus. Reedus' paternal grandmother was of Italian descent, while his grandfather had British (English, and Scottish), and Irish ancestry. He attended Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas, for a semester. He worked at a Harley-Davidson shop in Venice, California, and contributed artwork to various shows as a painter, photographer, sculptor, and video artist. He first acted in the play "Maps for Drowners" at the Tiffany Theater on Sunset Boulevard. He was discovered at a party in Los Angeles, where someone asked him if he wanted to act in a play.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Context: He played Daryl Dixon

Context: where was he born?

Context: Hollywood, Florida

Question: who is the founder of the network mentioned above?

Answer: Arthur Judson

Explanation: Arthur Judson

CBS [SEP] Introduction

Paley. It can also refer to some of CBS's first demonstrations of color television, which were held in a former Tiffany & Co. building in New York City in 1950. The network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc., a radio network founded in Chicago by New York City talent agent Arthur Judson in January 1927. In April of that year, the Columbia Phonograph Company, parent of the Columbia record label, invested in the network, resulting in its rebranding as the Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System (CPBS). In early 1928, Judson and Columbia sold the network to Isaac and Leon Levy, two brothers who owned WCAU, the network's Philadelphia affiliate, as well as their partner Jerome Louchheim.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Context: He played Daryl Dixon

Context: where was he born?

Context: Hollywood, Florida

Context: who is the founder of the network mentioned above?

Context: Arthur Judson

Question: what document controversy did they get into?

Answer: CBS aired a controversial episode which questioned then-President George W. Bush's service in the Air National Guard in 1972 and 1973.

CBS [SEP] Killian documents controversy

On September 8, 2004, less than two months before the Presidential election in which he defeated Democratic candidate John Kerry, CBS aired a controversial episode of "60 Minutes Wednesday", which questioned then-President George W. Bush's service in the Air National Guard in 1972 and 1973. Following allegations of forgery, CBS News admitted that four of the documents used in the story had not been properly authenticated and admitted that their source, Bill Burkett, had admitted to having "deliberately misled" a CBS News producer who worked on the report, about the documents' origins out of a confidentiality promise to the actual source.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Context: He played Daryl Dixon

Context: where was he born?

Context: Hollywood, Florida

Context: Arthur Judson

Context: what document controversy did they get into?

Context: CBS aired a controversial episode which questioned then-President George W. Bush's service in the Air National Guard in 1972 and 1973.

Question: do they have programs for children?

Answer: Yes, live-action series "Captain Kangaroo" and animated series such as "Mighty Mouse", "Looney Tunes"

CBS [SEP] Children's programming

CBS broadcast the live-action series "Captain Kangaroo" on weekday mornings from 1955 to 1982, and on Saturdays until 1984. From 1971 to 1986, CBS News produced a series of one-minute segments titled "In the News", which aired between other Saturday morning programs. Otherwise, CBS's children's programming has mostly focused on animated series such as reruns of "Mighty Mouse", "Looney Tunes", and "Tom and Jerry" cartoons, as well as "Scooby-Doo", "Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids", "Jim Henson's Muppet Babies", "Garfield and Friends", and "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". In 1997, CBS premiered "Wheel 2000", a children's version of the syndicated game show "Wheel of Fortune" which aired simultaneously on the Game Show Network.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Context: He played Daryl Dixon

Context: where was he born?

Context: Hollywood, Florida

Context: Arthur Judson

Context: do they have programs for children?

Context: Yes, live-action series "Captain Kangaroo" and animated series such as "Mighty Mouse", "Looney Tunes"

Question: what is the former animated series about?

Answer: Mighty Mouse saves a dark-haired beauty from terrible trouble, and in the latter two, the camera fades out on the hero and the girl in a romantic clinch

Mighty Mouse [SEP] Melodrama spoofs

In 1945, "Mighty Mouse and the Pirates" was the first Mighty Mouse cartoon to feature sung dialogue, in the operetta style. "Gypsy Life" (1945) and "The Crackpot King" (1946) followed in the same style. "Gypsy Life" was particularly successful, earning Terry his third nomination for an Academy Award for Short Subjects (Cartoon). There was a romantic, damsel in distress element in these cartoons -- in each one, Mighty Mouse saves a dark-haired beauty from terrible trouble, and in the latter two, the camera fades out on the hero and the girl in a romantic clinch. While these were very similar to the musical melodrama spoofs that were soon to emerge, they didn't have an overwrought narrator, or the suggestion that the cartoon is an episode of a continuing story.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Context: He played Daryl Dixon

Context: where was he born?

Context: Hollywood, Florida

Context: Arthur Judson

Context: do they have programs for children?

Context: what is the former animated series about?

Context: Mighty Mouse saves a dark-haired beauty from terrible trouble, and in the latter two, the camera fades out on the hero and the girl in a romantic clinch

Question: was it renamed and redesigned?

Answer: Yes, it was called "Super Mouse"

Mighty Mouse [SEP] Mighty Mouse: rename and redesign

In 1944, Paul Terry learned that another character named "Super Mouse" was to be published in Standard Comics' "Coo-Coo Comics", so his character's name was changed to Mighty Mouse. The first short under the character's new name was "The Wreck of the Hesperus", released February 11, 1944, adapting the celebrated poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow with the addition of a superhero mouse. A couple months later, the studio spoofed another classic, Robert Louis Stevenson's "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde", under the title "Mighty Mouse Meets Jeckyll and Hyde Cat". By summer, Mighty Mouse's costume got an overhaul as well.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Context: He played Daryl Dixon

Context: where was he born?

Context: Hollywood, Florida

Context: Arthur Judson

Context: do they have programs for children?

Context: was it renamed and redesigned?

Context: Yes, it was called "Super Mouse"

Question: what cultural influence does it have?

Answer: In the book "Astro Boy Essays", author Frederik L. Schodt quotes Japanese animator Osamu Tezuka as saying that Mighty Mouse was the influence that inspired him to name his well-known character Mighty Atom. He also chose to imitate Mighty Mouse's signature flying pose with one arm stretched ahead with a clenched fist.

Mighty Mouse [SEP] Cultural influences

In the book "Astro Boy Essays", author Frederik L. Schodt quotes Japanese animator Osamu Tezuka as saying that Mighty Mouse was the influence that inspired him to name his well-known character Mighty Atom (also known as Astro Boy). He also chose to imitate Mighty Mouse's signature flying pose with one arm stretched ahead with a clenched fist. Mighty Mouse was planned to make a cameo in the deleted scene "Acme's Funeral" from the 1988 film "Who Framed Roger Rabbit". Mighty Mouse was featured on famed guitarist Tom Scholz's Les Paul guitar.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Context: He played Daryl Dixon

Context: where was he born?

Context: Hollywood, Florida

Context: Arthur Judson

Context: do they have programs for children?

Context: was it renamed and redesigned?

Context: Yes, it was called "Super Mouse"

Context: what cultural influence does it have?

Context: In the book "Astro Boy Essays", author Frederik L. Schodt quotes Japanese animator Osamu Tezuka as saying that Mighty Mouse was the influence that inspired him to name his well-known character Mighty Atom. He also chose to imitate Mighty Mouse's signature flying pose with one arm stretched ahead with a clenched fist.

Question: does this animator have a museum of his name?

Answer: Yes, Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum

Explanation: The city of Takarazuka,

Osamu Tezuka [SEP] Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum

The city of Takarazuka, Hyōgo, where Tezuka grew up, opened a museum in his memory. was inaugurated on April 25, 1994, and has three floors (15069.47 ft²). In the basement there is an "Animation Workshop" in which visitors can make their own animation, and a mockup of the city of Takarazuka and a replica of the table where Osamu Tezuka worked. Outside of the building's entrance, there are imitations of the hands and feet of several characters from Tezuka (as in a true walk of fame) and on the inside, the entry hall, a replica of Princess Knight's furniture. On the same floor is a permanent exhibition of manga and a room for the display of anime.


Context: what is the genre?

Context: what is this series about?

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Context: He played Daryl Dixon

Context: where was he born?

Context: Hollywood, Florida

Context: Arthur Judson

Context: do they have programs for children?

Context: was it renamed and redesigned?

Context: Yes, it was called "Super Mouse"

Context: what cultural influence does it have?

Context: does this animator have a museum of his name?

Context: Yes, Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum

Question: how did he die?

Answer: Tezuka died of stomach cancer

Explanation: Tezuka died of stomach cancer

Osamu Tezuka [SEP] Death

Tezuka died of stomach cancer on 9 February 1989 in Tokyo. His last words were: "I'm begging you, let me work!", spoken to a nurse who had tried to take away his drawing equipment. Although Tezuka was agnostic, he was buried in a Buddhist cemetery in Tokyo.


Context: who are the new characters on hawaii five-o

Context: what is the genre?

Context: Action police procedural television series

Context: what is this series about?

Context: It is about a special police major crimes task force operating at the behest of the governor of Hawaii.

Context: who are some of the special guests stars in it?

Context: Norman Reedus, Tom Berenger, James Caan, Patty Duke, Lewis Tan, Peter Fonda, Michael Madsen, Daryl Hannah, Bronson Pinchot, Craig T. Nelson, Robert Loggia, Kevin Sorbo, Adam Beach, Corbin Bernsen, Rebecca De Mornay, Jeff Fahey, Bruce Davison, Tim Daly, Gail O'Grady, Sung Kang, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Tony Curran, Bai Ling, Rick Springfield, Tom Arnold, George Takei

Context: on which network was it aired?

Context: CBS

Context: which films has the first special guest star?

Context: "The Boondock Saints", "Blade 2", "Deuces Wild"

Context: what was his role in the walking dead series?

Context: He played Daryl Dixon

Context: where was he born?

Context: Hollywood, Florida

Context: who is the founder of the network mentioned above?

Context: Arthur Judson

Context: what document controversy did they get into?

Context: CBS aired a controversial episode which questioned then-President George W. Bush's service in the Air National Guard in 1972 and 1973.

Context: do they have programs for children?

Context: Yes, live-action series "Captain Kangaroo" and animated series such as "Mighty Mouse", "Looney Tunes"

Context: what is the former animated series about?

Context: Mighty Mouse saves a dark-haired beauty from terrible trouble, and in the latter two, the camera fades out on the hero and the girl in a romantic clinch

Context: was it renamed and redesigned?

Context: Yes, it was called "Super Mouse"

Context: what cultural influence does it have?

Context: In the book "Astro Boy Essays", author Frederik L. Schodt quotes Japanese animator Osamu Tezuka as saying that Mighty Mouse was the influence that inspired him to name his well-known character Mighty Atom. He also chose to imitate Mighty Mouse's signature flying pose with one arm stretched ahead with a clenched fist.

Context: does this animator have a museum of his name?

Context: Yes, Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum

Context: how did he die?

Context: Tezuka died of stomach cancer

Question: what are the symptoms of this cancer?

Answer: Early cancers may be associated with indigestion or a burning sensation

Stomach cancer [SEP] Signs and symptoms

Stomach cancer is often either asymptomatic (producing no noticeable symptoms) or it may cause only nonspecific symptoms (symptoms that may also be present in other related or unrelated disorders) in its early stages. By the time symptoms occur, the cancer has often reached an advanced stage (see below) and may have metastasized (spread to other, perhaps distant, parts of the body), which is one of the main reasons for its relatively poor prognosis. Stomach cancer can cause the following signs and symptoms: Early cancers may be associated with indigestion or a burning sensation (heartburn). However, fewer than 1 in every 50 people referred for endoscopy due to indigestion has cancer.


Question: what is the average age of a king charles cavalier

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel [SEP] Introduction

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small breed of spaniel classed in the toy group of The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club, that originated in the United Kingdom. Since 2000, it has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 19th most popular pure-breed in the United States. It has a silky, smooth coat and commonly a smooth undocked tail. The breed standard recognizes four colors: Blenheim (chestnut and white), tricolor (black/white/tan), black and tan, and ruby. The breed is generally friendly, affectionate and good with both children and other animals; however, they require much human interaction.


Context: what is the average age of a king charles cavalier

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what exactly is this?

Answer: The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small breed of spaniel classed in the toy group of The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club, that originated in the United Kingdom.

Explanation: The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small breed of spaniel classed in the toy group of The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club, that originated in the United Kingdom.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small breed of spaniel classed in the toy group of The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club, that originated in the United Kingdom.

Question: how popular is it?

Answer: According to statistics released by The Kennel Club, Cavaliers were the sixth most popular dog in the United Kingdom in 2007 .

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel [SEP] Popularity

According to statistics released by The Kennel Club, Cavaliers were the sixth most popular dog in the United Kingdom in 2007 with 11,422 registrations in a single year. Labrador Retrievers were the most popular with 45,079 registrations in that year. Their popularity is on the rise in America; in 1998 they were the 56th most popular breed but in both 2007 and 2008 they were the 25th most popular. They ranked higher in some individual US cities in the 2008 statistics, being eighth in both Nashville and Minneapolis-St.Paul, seventh in Boston, Atlanta and Washington D.C., and sixth in both New York City and San Francisco.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: According to statistics released by The Kennel Club, Cavaliers were the sixth most popular dog in the United Kingdom in 2007 .

Question: when was the above club established?

Answer: 1873.

The Kennel Club [SEP] History

The Kennel Club was founded in 1873 after Sewallis E. Shirley became frustrated by trying to organize dog shows without a consistent set of rules. Since the first dog show in 1859, shows had become increasingly popular. Shirley is listed as an exhibitor of Fox Terriers at the Birmingham Dog Show Society show in 1865. Together with a group of other gentlemen, he organized the First Grand Exhibition of Sporting and Other Dogs held at Crystal Palace in June 1870. The show was not a financial success and the organizers had to make up the loss. This seems to have been the trigger for Shirley to call a meeting with 12 others who had an interest in judging and exhibiting pedigree dogs.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Question: what are some of their programs?

Answer: "Get Fit With Fido".

Explanation: In February 2013, the Kennel Club launched a programme called "Get Fit With Fido", which encouraged dog owners to lose weight by exercising with their dogs.

The Kennel Club [SEP] Other programmes


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Context: what are some of their programs?

Context: "Get Fit With Fido".

Question: do they have a trust?

Answer: Yes, the Kennel Club Charitable Trust.

The Kennel Club [SEP] Kennel Club Charitable Trust

The Kennel Club Charitable Trust is a dog charity that looks after the welfare and health of dogs. They fund a wide variety of work, including supporting research into canine diseases, dog welfare organisations and the promotion of service dogs. Set up in 1987, it was first registered with the Charity Commission in May 1988. The Duchess of Cornwall became the first patron of the Trust in October 2007 when it celebrated its twentieth anniversary. The Kennel Club makes many donations to charitable causes, with grants totalling over £10 million between the club's foundation and 2020. The Animal Health Trust (AHT) has frequently received donations from the Kennel Club and, in 2012, a £1.5 million interest free loan was granted to the AHT to enable it to complete the building and equipping of a new animal cancer treatment and research centre at its base in Suffolk.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Context: what are some of their programs?

Context: "Get Fit With Fido".

Context: do they have a trust?

Context: Yes, the Kennel Club Charitable Trust.

Question: which artist contribute top their gallery?

Answer: Maud Earl, George Earl, Richard Ansdell, Arthur Wardle and Cecil Aldin.

The Kennel Club [SEP] Kennel Club Dog Art Gallery

The Kennel Club Dog Art Gallery is located at the club's headquarters in Mayfair, London. The gallery is devoted to fine art about dogs and features themed exhibitions, as well as a permanent collection. Artists in the collection include Maud Earl, George Earl, Richard Ansdell, Arthur Wardle and Cecil Aldin. The gallery is open only by appointment. The art gallery opened in 2003 and was the idea of former Kennel Club Chairman John McDougall. The Kennel Club had accumulated quite a large collection of canine artwork, including 130 oil paintings,100 works on paper, nearly 100 engravings and prints, and the same number of sculptures and trophies.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Context: what are some of their programs?

Context: "Get Fit With Fido".

Context: do they have a trust?

Context: Yes, the Kennel Club Charitable Trust.

Context: which artist contribute top their gallery?

Context: Maud Earl, George Earl, Richard Ansdell, Arthur Wardle and Cecil Aldin.

Question: what is the aforementioned breed's personality like?

Answer: The breed is highly affectionate, playful, extremely patient and eager to please.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel [SEP] Temperament

The breed is highly affectionate, playful, extremely patient and eager to please. As such, dogs of the breed are good with children and other dogs. Cavaliers are not shy about socializing with much larger dogs. They will adapt quickly to almost any environment, family, and location and suit city and country life. Their ability to bond with larger and smaller dogs makes them ideal in houses with more than one breed of dog as long as the other dog is trained. Cavaliers rank 44th in Stanley Coren's "The Intelligence of Dogs", being of average intelligence in working or obedience. Cavaliers are naturally curious and playful, but also enjoy simply cuddling up on a cushion or lap, making them excellent companion or lap dogs for medical patients and the elderly.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Context: what are some of their programs?

Context: "Get Fit With Fido".

Context: do they have a trust?

Context: Yes, the Kennel Club Charitable Trust.

Context: what is the aforementioned breed's personality like?

Context: The breed is highly affectionate, playful, extremely patient and eager to please.

Question: which diseases are they prone to?

Answer: Mitral valve disease, syringomyelia, hip dysplasia, luxating patella, cataracts, retinal dysplasia and others.

Explanation:
Cavaliers can notably be prone to mitral valve disease, which leads to heart failure. This appears in many Cavaliers at some point in their lives and is the most common cause of death. Some serious genetic health problems, including early-onset mitral valve disease (MVD), the potentially severely painful syringomyelia (SM), hip dysplasia, luxating patellas, and certain vision and hearing disorders are health problems for this breed. As today's Cavaliers all descend from only six dogs, any inheritable disease present in at least one of the original founding dogs can be passed on to a significant proportion of future generations. This is known as the founder effect and is the likely cause of the prevalence of MVD in the breed. The health problems shared with this breed include mitral valve disease, luxating patella, and hereditary eye issues such as cataracts and retinal dysplasia.
Cavaliers are also affected by ear problems, a common health problem among spaniels of various types, and t

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel [SEP] Health


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Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Context: what are some of their programs?

Context: "Get Fit With Fido".

Context: do they have a trust?

Context: Yes, the Kennel Club Charitable Trust.

Context: which diseases are they prone to?

Context: Mitral valve disease, syringomyelia, hip dysplasia, luxating patella, cataracts, retinal dysplasia and others.

Question: what are the symptoms of the second disease?

Answer: Severe chronic pain, abnormal sensations and loss of sensation, particularly in the hands.

Syringomyelia [SEP] Signs and symptoms

Syringomyelia causes a wide variety of neuropathic symptoms, due to damage to the spinal cord. Patients may experience severe chronic pain, abnormal sensations and loss of sensation, particularly in the hands. Some patients experience paralysis or paresis, temporarily or permanently. A syrinx may also cause disruptions in the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, leading to abnormal body temperature or sweating, bowel control issues, or other problems. If the syrinx is higher up in the spinal cord or affecting the brainstem, as in syringobulbia, vocal cord paralysis, ipsilateral tongue wasting, trigeminal nerve sensory loss, and other signs may be present. Rarely, bladder stones can occur at the onset of weakness in the lower extremities.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Context: what are some of their programs?

Context: "Get Fit With Fido".

Context: do they have a trust?

Context: Yes, the Kennel Club Charitable Trust.

Context: which diseases are they prone to?

Context: what are the symptoms of the second disease?

Context: Severe chronic pain, abnormal sensations and loss of sensation, particularly in the hands.

Question: how is it diagnosed?

Answer: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Syringomyelia [SEP] Diagnosis

Physicians now use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose syringomyelia. The MRI radiographer takes images of body anatomy, such as the brain and spinal cord, in vivid detail. This test will show the syrinx in the spine or any other conditions, such as the presence of a tumor. MRI is safe, painless, and informative and has greatly improved the diagnosis of syringomyelia. The physician may order additional tests to help confirm the diagnosis. One of these is called electromyography (EMG), which show possible lower motor neuron damage. In addition, computed axial tomography (CT) scans of a patient's head may reveal the presence of tumors and other abnormalities such as hydrocephalus.


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Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Context: what are some of their programs?

Context: "Get Fit With Fido".

Context: do they have a trust?

Context: Yes, the Kennel Club Charitable Trust.

Context: which diseases are they prone to?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Question: is surgical treatment the only option for this?

Answer: Yes.

Syringomyelia [SEP] Surgery

The first step after diagnosis is finding a neurosurgeon who is experienced in the treatment of syringomyelia. Surgery is the treatment for syringomyelia. Evaluation of the condition is necessary because syringomyelia can remain stationary for long periods of time, and in some cases progress rapidly. Surgery of the spinal cord has certain characteristic risks associated with it, and the benefits of a surgical procedure on the spine have to be weighed against the possible complications associated with any procedure. Surgical treatment is aimed at correcting the condition that allowed the syrinx to form. It is vital to bear in mind that the drainage of a syrinx does not necessarily mean the elimination of the syrinx-related symptoms but rather is aimed at stopping progression.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Context: what are some of their programs?

Context: "Get Fit With Fido".

Context: do they have a trust?

Context: Yes, the Kennel Club Charitable Trust.

Context: which diseases are they prone to?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Context: is surgical treatment the only option for this?

Context: Yes.

Question: which part does the third disease effects?

Answer: HJip joint.

Hip dysplasia [SEP] Introduction

Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. Occasionally one leg may be shorter than the other. The left hip is more often affected than the right. Complications without treatment can include arthritis, limping, and low back pain. Risk factors for hip dysplasia include family history, certain swaddling practices, and breech birth. If one identical twin is affected, there is a 40% risk the other will also be affected.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Context: what are some of their programs?

Context: "Get Fit With Fido".

Context: do they have a trust?

Context: Yes, the Kennel Club Charitable Trust.

Context: which diseases are they prone to?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Context: Yes.

Context: which part does the third disease effects?

Context: HJip joint.

Question: what are the signs?

Answer: The congenital form, teratologic or non-reducible dislocation occurs as part of more complex conditions.

Hip dysplasia [SEP] Signs and symptoms

Hip dysplasia can range from barely detectable to severely malformed or dislocated. The congenital form, teratologic or non-reducible dislocation occurs as part of more complex conditions. The condition can be bilateral or unilateral: If the joint is fully dislocated a false acetabulum often forms (often higher up on the pelvis) opposite the dislocated femoral head position. In acetabular dysplasia, the acetabulum (socket) is too shallow or deformed. The center-edge angle is measured as described by Wiberg. Two forms of femoral dysplasia are coxa vara, in which the femur head grows at too narrow an angle to the shaft, and coxa valga, in which the angle is too wide.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Context: what are some of their programs?

Context: "Get Fit With Fido".

Context: do they have a trust?

Context: Yes, the Kennel Club Charitable Trust.

Context: which diseases are they prone to?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Context: Yes.

Context: HJip joint.

Context: what are the signs?

Context: The congenital form, teratologic or non-reducible dislocation occurs as part of more complex conditions.

Question: how can it be treated?

Answer: All treatment aims to delay the onset of arthritis, but no treatment is fully successful in avoiding it; and, all available treatments bear the risk of inflicting equivalent damage.

Hip dysplasia [SEP] Treatment

Hip dysplasia presents a nearly perfect equilibrium between the arthritis, movement/mobility problems and pain associated with the developmental malformation, and the arthritis, movement/mobility problems and pain that are, as often as not in moderate to severe cases, inflicted by the treatment itself. However, given the very real possibility of a limp, constant and/or debilitating pain, complicated treatment and impaired mobility later in life, careful developmental monitoring is indicated and early intervention is often the best result. The worst possible consequence of non treatment is developing early arthritis, sometimes even during teenage years. All treatment aims to delay the onset of arthritis, but no treatment is fully successful in avoiding it; and, all available treatments bear the risk of inflicting equivalent damage.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what exactly is this?

Context: how popular is it?

Context: when was the above club established?

Context: what are some of their programs?

Context: "Get Fit With Fido".

Context: do they have a trust?

Context: Yes, the Kennel Club Charitable Trust.

Context: which diseases are they prone to?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Context: Yes.

Context: HJip joint.

Context: what are the signs?

Context: how can it be treated?

Context: All treatment aims to delay the onset of arthritis, but no treatment is fully successful in avoiding it; and, all available treatments bear the risk of inflicting equivalent damage.

Question: what is osteotomy?

Answer: A surgical operation whereby a bone is cut to shorten or lengthen it or to change its alignment.

Osteotomy [SEP] Introduction

An osteotomy is a surgical operation whereby a bone is cut to shorten or lengthen it or to change its alignment. It is sometimes performed to correct a hallux valgus, or to straighten a bone that has healed crookedly following a fracture. It is also used to correct a coxa vara, genu valgum, and genu varum. The operation is done under a general anaesthetic. Osteotomy is one method to relieve pain of arthritis, especially of the hip and knee. It is being replaced by joint replacement in the older patient. Due to the serious nature of this procedure, recovery may be extensive.


Question: what bacterial parts are vital to a bacterium

Answer: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Bacteria [SEP] Introduction

Bacteria (; common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) are a type of biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of the earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. Most bacteria have not been characterised, and only about 27 percent of the bacterial phyla have species that can be grown in the laboratory.


Context: what bacterial parts are vital to a bacterium

Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Question: what do you mean by bacteria?

Answer: They are a type of biological cell.

Explanation: Bacteria (; common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) are a type of biological cell.

Bacteria [SEP] Introduction


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Question: describe their intracellular structures?

Answer: It is surrounded by a cell membrane which encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm.

Bacteria [SEP] Intracellular structures

The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane, which is made primarily of phospholipids. This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. Unlike eukaryotic cells, bacteria usually lack large membrane-bound structures in their cytoplasm such as a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles present in eukaryotic cells. However, some bacteria have protein-bound organelles in the cytoplasm which compartmentalize aspects of bacterial metabolism, such as the carboxysome. Additionally, bacteria have a multi-component cytoskeleton to control the localisation of proteins and nucleic acids within the cell, and to manage the process of cell division.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: describe their intracellular structures?

Context: It is surrounded by a cell membrane which encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm.

Question: and extracellular?

Answer: Around the outside of the cell membrane is the cell wall. Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (also called murein), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids.

Bacteria [SEP] Extracellular structures

Around the outside of the cell membrane is the cell wall. Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (also called murein), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids. Bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi, which are made of cellulose and chitin, respectively. The cell wall of bacteria is also distinct from that of Archaea, which do not contain peptidoglycan. The cell wall is essential to the survival of many bacteria, and the antibiotic penicillin (produced by a fungus called "Penicillium") is able to kill bacteria by inhibiting a step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: Around the outside of the cell membrane is the cell wall. Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (also called murein), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids.

Question: what are their origins?

Answer: The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago.

Explanation: The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago.

Bacteria [SEP] Origin and early evolution

in ancient "amitochondrial" protozoa). Later, some eukaryotes that already contained mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacteria-like organisms, leading to the formation of chloroplasts in algae and plants. This is known as primary endosymbiosis.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: what are their origins?

Context: The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago.

Question: how about their metabolism?

Answer: It exhibit an extremely wide variety of metabolic types which is classified into nutritional groups on the basis of three major criteria.

Bacteria [SEP] Metabolism

Bacteria exhibit an extremely wide variety of metabolic types. The distribution of metabolic traits within a group of bacteria has traditionally been used to define their taxonomy, but these traits often do not correspond with modern genetic classifications. Bacterial metabolism is classified into nutritional groups on the basis of three major criteria: the source of energy, the electron donors used, and the source of carbon used for growth. Bacteria either derive energy from light using photosynthesis (called phototrophy), or by breaking down chemical compounds using oxidation (called chemotrophy). Chemotrophs use chemical compounds as a source of energy by transferring electrons from a given electron donor to a terminal electron acceptor in a redox reaction.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: what are their origins?

Context: how about their metabolism?

Context: It exhibit an extremely wide variety of metabolic types which is classified into nutritional groups on the basis of three major criteria.

Question: how do they reproduce?

Answer: It reproduces through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction.

Bacteria [SEP] Growth and reproduction

Unlike in multicellular organisms, increases in cell size (cell growth) and reproduction by cell division are tightly linked in unicellular organisms. Bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction. Under optimal conditions, bacteria can grow and divide extremely rapidly, and bacterial populations can double as quickly as every 9.8 minutes. In cell division, two identical clone daughter cells are produced. Some bacteria, while still reproducing asexually, form more complex reproductive structures that help disperse the newly formed daughter cells. Examples include fruiting body formation by "Myxobacteria" and aerial hyphae formation by "Streptomyces", or budding.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: what are their origins?

Context: how about their metabolism?

Context: how do they reproduce?

Context: It reproduces through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction.

Question: are they able to communicate?

Answer: This bioluminescence often occurs in bacteria that live in association with fish, and the light probably serves to attract fish or other large animals.

Bacteria [SEP] Communication

A few bacteria have chemical systems that generate light. This bioluminescence often occurs in bacteria that live in association with fish, and the light probably serves to attract fish or other large animals. Bacteria often function as multicellular aggregates known as biofilms, exchanging a variety of molecular signals for inter-cell communication, and engaging in coordinated multicellular behaviour. The communal benefits of multicellular cooperation include a cellular division of labour, accessing resources that cannot effectively be used by single cells, collectively defending against antagonists, and optimising population survival by differentiating into distinct cell types. For example, bacteria in biofilms can have more than 500 times increased resistance to antibacterial agents than individual "planktonic" bacteria of the same species.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: what are their origins?

Context: how about their metabolism?

Context: how do they reproduce?

Context: are they able to communicate?

Context: This bioluminescence often occurs in bacteria that live in association with fish, and the light probably serves to attract fish or other large animals.

Question: the form of reproduction that you just mentioned, what exactly is it?

Answer: A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.

Asexual reproduction [SEP] Introduction

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from a single cell or from a multicellular organism inherit the genes of that parent. Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as archaea and bacteria. Many multicellular animals, plants and fungi can also reproduce asexually. While all prokaryotes reproduce without the formation and fusion of gametes, mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation, transformation and transduction can be likened to sexual reproduction in the sense of genetic recombination in meiosis.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: what are their origins?

Context: how about their metabolism?

Context: how do they reproduce?

Context: are they able to communicate?

Context: the form of reproduction that you just mentioned, what exactly is it?

Context: A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.

Question: who else reproduces this way?

Answer: It is und in nearly half of the animal phyla, for example, Parthenogenesis occurs in the hammerhead shark and the blacktip shark.

Asexual reproduction [SEP] Examples in animals

Asexual reproduction is found in nearly half of the animal phyla. Parthenogenesis occurs in the hammerhead shark and the blacktip shark. In both cases, the sharks had reached sexual maturity in captivity in the absence of males, and in both cases the offspring were shown to be genetically identical to the mothers. The New Mexico whiptail is another example. Some reptiles use the ZW sex-determination system, which produces either males (with ZZ sex chromosomes) or females (with ZW or WW sex chromosomes). Until 2010, it was thought that the ZW chromosome system used by reptiles was incapable of producing viable WW offspring, but a (ZW) female boa constrictor was discovered to have produced viable female offspring with WW chromosomes.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: what are their origins?

Context: how about their metabolism?

Context: how do they reproduce?

Context: are they able to communicate?

Context: who else reproduces this way?

Context: It is und in nearly half of the animal phyla, for example, Parthenogenesis occurs in the hammerhead shark and the blacktip shark.

Question: who are their predators?

Answer: Organisms such as "Myxococcus xanthus"

Bacteria [SEP] Predators

Some species of bacteria kill and then consume other microorganisms, these species are called "predatory bacteria". These include organisms such as "Myxococcus xanthus", which forms swarms of cells that kill and digest any bacteria they encounter. Other bacterial predators either attach to their prey in order to digest them and absorb nutrients, such as "Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus", or invade another cell and multiply inside the cytosol, such as "Daptobacter". These predatory bacteria are thought to have evolved from saprophages that consumed dead microorganisms, through adaptations that allowed them to entrap and kill other organisms.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: what are their origins?

Context: how about their metabolism?

Context: how do they reproduce?

Context: are they able to communicate?

Context: who else reproduces this way?

Context: who are their predators?

Context: Organisms such as "Myxococcus xanthus"

Question: what is their relation to pathogens?

Answer: If it form a parasitic association with other organisms, they are classed as pathogens.

Bacteria [SEP] Pathogens

If bacteria form a parasitic association with other organisms, they are classed as pathogens. Pathogenic bacteria are a major cause of human death and disease and cause infections such as tetanus (Caused by "Clostridium tetani"), typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, cholera, foodborne illness, leprosy (caused by "Micobacterium leprae)" and tuberculosis (Caused by "Mycobacterium tuberculosis"). A pathogenic cause for a known medical disease may only be discovered many years after, as was the case with "Helicobacter pylori" and peptic ulcer disease. Bacterial diseases are also important in agriculture, with bacteria causing leaf spot, fire blight and wilts in plants, as well as Johne's disease, mastitis, salmonella and anthrax in farm animals.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: what are their origins?

Context: how about their metabolism?

Context: how do they reproduce?

Context: are they able to communicate?

Context: who else reproduces this way?

Context: who are their predators?

Context: Organisms such as "Myxococcus xanthus"

Context: what is their relation to pathogens?

Context: If it form a parasitic association with other organisms, they are classed as pathogens.

Question: can you please describe the first type of shark that you had mentioned previously?

Answer: They are a group of sharks that form the family Sphyrnidae, so named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a "hammer" shape called a cephalofoil.

Hammerhead shark [SEP] Introduction

The hammerhead sharks are a group of sharks that form the family Sphyrnidae, so named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a "hammer" shape called a cephalofoil. Most hammerhead species are placed in the genus "Sphyrna", while the winghead shark is placed in its own genus, "Eusphyra". Many, but not necessarily mutually exclusive, functions have been postulated for the cephalofoil, including sensory reception, manoeuvering, and prey manipulation. Hammerheads are found worldwide in warmer waters along coastlines and continental shelves. Unlike most sharks, some hammerhead species usually swim in schools during the day, becoming solitary hunters at night.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: what are their origins?

Context: how about their metabolism?

Context: how do they reproduce?

Context: are they able to communicate?

Context: who else reproduces this way?

Context: who are their predators?

Context: Organisms such as "Myxococcus xanthus"

Context: what is their relation to pathogens?

Context: can you please describe the first type of shark that you had mentioned previously?

Context: They are a group of sharks that form the family Sphyrnidae, so named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a "hammer" shape called a cephalofoil.

Question: and the second?

Answer: It has a robust, streamlined body with a long, pointed snout and relatively small eyes and has five pairs of gill slits.

Blacktip shark [SEP] Description

The blacktip shark has a robust, streamlined body with a long, pointed snout and relatively small eyes. The five pairs of gill slits are longer than those of similar requiem shark species. The jaws contain 15 tooth rows on either side, with two symphysial teeth (at the jaw midline) in the upper jaw and one symphysial tooth in the lower jaw. The teeth are broad-based with a high, narrow cusp and serrated edges. The first dorsal fin is tall and falcate (sickle-shaped) with a short free rear tip; no ridge runs between the first and second dorsal fins. The large pectoral fins are falcate and pointed.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: what are their origins?

Context: how about their metabolism?

Context: how do they reproduce?

Context: are they able to communicate?

Context: who else reproduces this way?

Context: who are their predators?

Context: Organisms such as "Myxococcus xanthus"

Context: what is their relation to pathogens?

Context: and the second?

Context: It has a robust, streamlined body with a long, pointed snout and relatively small eyes and has five pairs of gill slits.

Question: what is the significance of bacteria in technology?

Answer: Its ability to degrade a variety of organic compounds is remarkable and has been used in waste processing and bioremediation.

Bacteria [SEP] Significance in technology and industry

Bacteria, often lactic acid bacteria, such as "Lactobacillus" and "Lactococcus", in combination with yeasts and moulds, have been used for thousands of years in the preparation of fermented foods, such as cheese, pickles, soy sauce, sauerkraut, vinegar, wine and yogurt. The ability of bacteria to degrade a variety of organic compounds is remarkable and has been used in waste processing and bioremediation. Bacteria capable of digesting the hydrocarbons in petroleum are often used to clean up oil spills. Fertiliser was added to some of the beaches in Prince William Sound in an attempt to promote the growth of these naturally occurring bacteria after the 1989 "Exxon Valdez" oil spill.


Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: what are their origins?

Context: how about their metabolism?

Context: how do they reproduce?

Context: are they able to communicate?

Context: who else reproduces this way?

Context: who are their predators?

Context: Organisms such as "Myxococcus xanthus"

Context: what is their relation to pathogens?

Context: and the second?

Context: what is the significance of bacteria in technology?

Context: Its ability to degrade a variety of organic compounds is remarkable and has been used in waste processing and bioremediation.

Question: and to the industry?

Answer: In the chemical industry, they are most important in the production of enantiomerically pure chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals or agrichemicals.

These efforts were effective on beaches that were not too thickly covered in oil. Bacteria are also used for the bioremediation of industrial toxic wastes. In the chemical industry, bacteria are most important in the production of enantiomerically pure chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals or agrichemicals. Bacteria can also be used in the place of pesticides in the biological pest control. This commonly involves "Bacillus thuringiensis" (also called BT), a Gram-positive, soil dwelling bacterium. Subspecies of this bacteria are used as a Lepidopteran-specific insecticides under trade names such as Dipel and Thuricide. Because of their specificity, these pesticides are regarded as environmentally friendly, with little or no effect on humans, wildlife, pollinators and most other beneficial insects.


Context: what bacterial parts are vital to a bacterium

Context: Prokaryotic microorganisms

Context: what do you mean by bacteria?

Context: They are a type of biological cell.

Context: describe their intracellular structures?

Context: It is surrounded by a cell membrane which encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm.

Context: and extracellular?

Context: Around the outside of the cell membrane is the cell wall. Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (also called murein), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids.

Context: what are their origins?

Context: The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago.

Context: how about their metabolism?

Context: It exhibit an extremely wide variety of metabolic types which is classified into nutritional groups on the basis of three major criteria.

Context: how do they reproduce?

Context: It reproduces through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction.

Context: are they able to communicate?

Context: This bioluminescence often occurs in bacteria that live in association with fish, and the light probably serves to attract fish or other large animals.

Context: the form of reproduction that you just mentioned, what exactly is it?

Context: A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.

Context: who else reproduces this way?

Context: It is und in nearly half of the animal phyla, for example, Parthenogenesis occurs in the hammerhead shark and the blacktip shark.

Context: who are their predators?

Context: Organisms such as "Myxococcus xanthus"

Context: what is their relation to pathogens?

Context: If it form a parasitic association with other organisms, they are classed as pathogens.

Context: can you please describe the first type of shark that you had mentioned previously?

Context: They are a group of sharks that form the family Sphyrnidae, so named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a "hammer" shape called a cephalofoil.

Context: and the second?

Context: It has a robust, streamlined body with a long, pointed snout and relatively small eyes and has five pairs of gill slits.

Context: what is the significance of bacteria in technology?

Context: Its ability to degrade a variety of organic compounds is remarkable and has been used in waste processing and bioremediation.

Context: and to the industry?

Context: In the chemical industry, they are most important in the production of enantiomerically pure chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals or agrichemicals.

Question: can you please tell me any significant event in their history?

Answer: They  were first observed by the Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676, using a single-lens microscope of his own design.

Bacteria [SEP] History of bacteriology

Bacteria were first observed by the Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676, using a single-lens microscope of his own design. He then published his observations in a series of letters to the Royal Society of London. Bacteria were Leeuwenhoek's most remarkable microscopic discovery. They were just at the limit of what his simple lenses could make out and, in one of the most striking hiatuses in the history of science, no one else would see them again for over a century. His observations had also included protozoans which he called animalcules, and his findings were looked at again in the light of the more recent findings of cell theory.


Question: when was a view to a kill made

Answer: Production of the film began on 23 June 1984 and released on 22 May 1985

Explanation:
Production of the film began on 23 June 1984 in Iceland, where the second unit filmed the pre-title sequence. On 27 June 1984, several leftover canisters of petrol used during filming of Ridley Scott's "Legend" caused Pinewood Studios' 007 Stage to burn to the ground. The stage was rebuilt, and reopened in January 1985 (renamed as Albert R. Broccoli's 007 Stage) for filming of "A View to a Kill". Work had continued on other stages at Pinewood when Roger Moore rejoined the main unit there on 1 August 1984. The crew then departed for shooting the horse-racing scenes at Royal Ascot Racecourse. The scene in which Bond and Sutton enter the mineshaft was then filmed in a waterlogged quarry near Staines-upon-Thames and the Amberley Chalk Pits Museum in West Sussex.
On 6 October 1984, the fourth unit, headed by special effects supervisor John Richardson, began its work on the climactic fight sequence. At first, only a few plates constructed to resemble the Golden Gate Bridge were used. Later t

A View to a Kill [SEP] Filming

The film was shot at Pinewood Studios in London, Iceland, Switzerland, France and the United States with the budget initially being $35 million. Several French landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower, its Jules Verne restaurant and the Château de Chantilly were filmed. The rest of the major filming was done at Fisherman's Wharf, Dunsmuir House, San Francisco City Hall and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. The Lefty O'Doul Bridge was featured in the fire engine chase scene. The horse racing scenes were shot at Ascot Racecourse. Production of the film began on 23 June 1984 in Iceland, where the second unit filmed the pre-title sequence.


Context: when was a view to a kill made

Context: Production of the film began on 23 June 1984 and released on 22 May 1985

Question: who's the protagonist of this film?

Answer: James Bond

A View to a Kill [SEP] Introduction

A View to a Kill is a 1985 spy film and the fourteenth in the "James Bond" series produced by Eon Productions, and both the seventh and the last to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Although the title is adapted from Ian Fleming's 1960 short story "From a View to a Kill", the film has an entirely original screenplay. In "A View to a Kill", Bond is pitted against Max Zorin, who plans to destroy California's Silicon Valley. The film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson, who also wrote the screenplay with Richard Maibaum.


Context: when was a view to a kill made

Context: who's the protagonist of this film?

Context: James Bond

Question: who's he?

Answer: An agent from MI6 (Secret Intelligence Service)

A View to a Kill [SEP] Introduction


Context: when was a view to a kill made

Context: who's the protagonist of this film?

Context: James Bond

Context: who's he?

Context: An agent from MI6 (Secret Intelligence Service)

Question: as a spy, what code name is he known by?

Answer: 007

James Bond [SEP] Introduction

The character—also known by the code number 007—has also been adapted for television, radio, comic strip, video games and film. The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over US$7.04 billion in total, making it the sixth-highest-grossing film series to date, which started in 1962 with "Dr. No", starring Sean Connery as Bond. As of 2020, there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series. The most recent Bond film, "Spectre" (2015), stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series.


Context: when was a view to a kill made

Context: who's the protagonist of this film?

Context: James Bond

Context: who's he?

Context: as a spy, what code name is he known by?

Question: is he a real or a fictional character?

Answer: Fictional character

A View to a Kill [SEP] Introduction


Context: when was a view to a kill made

Context: who's the protagonist of this film?

Context: James Bond

Context: who's he?

Context: is he a real or a fictional character?

Context: Fictional character

Question: who created this character?

Answer: Ian Fleming

James Bond [SEP] Introduction

The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections. Since Fleming's death in 1964, eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelisations: Kingsley Amis, Christopher Wood, John Gardner, Raymond Benson, Sebastian Faulks, Jeffery Deaver, William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz. The latest novel is "Forever and a Day" by Anthony Horowitz, published in May 2018. Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond, and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny.


Context: when was a view to a kill made

Context: who's the protagonist of this film?

Context: James Bond

Context: who's he?

Context: is he a real or a fictional character?

Context: Fictional character

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ian Fleming

Question: what was his profession, other than writing?

Answer: Journalist and naval intelligence officer

Explanation: Ian Lancaster Fleming (28 May 1908 – 12 August 1964) was a British author, journalist and naval intelligence officer who is best known for his James Bond series of spy novels.

Ian Fleming [SEP] Introduction

His wartime service and his career as a journalist provided much of the background, detail and depth of the James Bond novels. Fleming wrote his first Bond novel, "Casino Royale", in 1952. It was a success, with three print runs being commissioned to cope with the demand. Eleven Bond novels and two collections of short stories followed between 1953 and 1966. The novels revolve around James Bond, an officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond is also known by his code number, 007, and was a commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. The Bond stories rank among the best-selling series of fictional books of all time, having sold over 100 million copies worldwide.


Context: when was a view to a kill made

Context: who's the protagonist of this film?

Context: James Bond

Context: who's he?

Context: is he a real or a fictional character?

Context: Fictional character

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ian Fleming

Context: what was his profession, other than writing?

Context: Journalist and naval intelligence officer

Question: with regard to the latter, what role did he play during the second world war?

Answer: He was involved in planning Operation Goldeneye and in the planning and oversight of two intelligence units, 30 Assault Unit and T-Force.

Explanation: While working for Britain's Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War, Fleming was involved in planning Operation Goldeneye and in the planning and oversight of two intelligence units, 30 Assault Unit and T-Force. His wartime service and his career as a journalist provided much of the background, detail and depth of the James Bond novels.

Ian Fleming [SEP] Introduction


Context: when was a view to a kill made

Context: who's the protagonist of this film?

Context: James Bond

Context: who's he?

Context: is he a real or a fictional character?

Context: Fictional character

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ian Fleming

Context: with regard to the latter, what role did he play during the second world war?

Context: He was involved in planning Operation Goldeneye and in the planning and oversight of two intelligence units, 30 Assault Unit and T-Force.

Question: when did he pass away?

Answer: 12 August 1964

Ian Fleming [SEP] Death

Fleming was a heavy smoker and drinker throughout his adult life, and suffered from heart disease. In 1961, aged 53, he suffered a heart attack and struggled to recuperate. On 11 August 1964, while staying at a hotel in Canterbury, Fleming went to the Royal St George's Golf Club for lunch and later dined at his hotel with friends. The day had been tiring for him, and he collapsed with another heart attack shortly after the meal. Fleming died at age 56 in the early morning of 12 August 1964—his son Caspar's twelfth birthday. His last recorded words were an apology to the ambulance drivers for having inconvenienced them, saying "I am sorry to trouble you chaps.


Context: when was a view to a kill made

Context: who's the protagonist of this film?

Context: James Bond

Context: who's he?

Context: is he a real or a fictional character?

Context: Fictional character

Context: who created this character?

Context: Ian Fleming

Context: when did he pass away?

Context: 12 August 1964

Question: and where was he buried?

Answer: He was buried in the churchyard of Sevenhampton, near Swindon in England

Ian Fleming [SEP] Death

I don't know how you get along so fast with the traffic on the roads these days." Fleming was buried in the churchyard of Sevenhampton, near Swindon. His will was proved on 4 November, with his estate valued at £302,147 (equivalent to £ in ). Fleming's last two books, "The Man with the Golden Gun" and "Octopussy and The Living Daylights", were published posthumously. "The Man with the Golden Gun" was published eight months after Fleming's death and had not been through the full editing process by Fleming. As a result, the novel was thought by publishing company Jonathan Cape to be thin and "feeble".


Question: what is uncle david?

Answer: British black comedy film

Uncle David [SEP] Introduction

Uncle David is a 2010 British black comedy film directed by David Hoyle, Gary Reich, and Mike Nicholls. It was produced by Reich and stars Hoyle, an English performance artist, in the titular role alongside English pornographic actor Ashley Ryder. Developed collectively under the banner of the Avant-Garde Alliance, it was filmed in October 2009. Created without a script, every scene was improvised and filmed in a single take. Set in a caravan park on the Isle of Sheppey in Kent, South East England, a young man with a childlike mind named Ashley (Ryder) arrives to stay with his Uncle David (Hoyle).


Context:
what is uncle david?
British black comedy film

Question: who is the main character in this film?

Answer: Uncle David (David Hoyle)

Explanation: Late one night, Ashley (Ashley Ryder) – a young man with a childlike mentality – arrives at the caravan home of his Uncle David (David Hoyle) on the Isle of Sheppey.

Uncle David [SEP] Plot

He proceeds to give him a third and final injection, which he remarks will make Ashley lose consciousness and suffer organ failure. As Ashley dies, David professes that he has never loved anyone else as much before. The next morning, he goes onto the beach to place his nephew's body in a shallow grave, tearfully kissing the body goodbye before it is swept away by the sea.


Context:
what is uncle david?
British black comedy film
who is the main character in this film?
Uncle David (David Hoyle)

Question: who played the character?

Answer: David Hoyle

Uncle David [SEP] Plot


Context:
what is uncle david?
British black comedy film
who is the main character in this film?
Uncle David (David Hoyle)
who played the character?
David Hoyle

Question: when was this film released?

Answer: 2010

Uncle David [SEP] Introduction


Context:
what is uncle david?
British black comedy film
who is the main character in this film?
Uncle David (David Hoyle)
who played the character?
David Hoyle
when was this film released?
2010

Question: was it reviewed by any critic or newspaper?

Answer: Yes, Ben Walters has written his reviews in "The Guardian".

Uncle David [SEP] Reviews

Reviews of "Uncle David" were mixed. Writing in "The Guardian", Ben Walters noted that "suspense and dread accumulate as the low-key naturalism and the characters' obvious affection for one another play off against the enormity of what looms ahead." Comparing "Uncle David" to Hoyle's earlier stage work, he felt that the two were "consistent", but that in the film Hoyle abandoned the "fireworks of his performance persona", opting for a "controlled, beguiling style". He believed that Ryder's familiarity with being filmed meant that he carried a "disarmingly ingenuous presence, by turns determined and naive." Walters opined that the film's "menacing" use of British seaside locations was similar to that in "Brighton Rock" and "London to Brighton", while he also drew comparisons to "Badlands", "Bonnie and Clyde" and "The Talented Mr.


Context: what is uncle david?

Context: British black comedy film

Context: who is the main character in this film?

Context: Uncle David (David Hoyle)

Context: who played the character?

Context: David Hoyle

Context: when was this film released?

Context: was it reviewed by any critic or newspaper?

Context: Yes, Ben Walters has written his reviews in "The Guardian".

Question: what was his reaction?

Answer: He said that Hoyle had chosen a controlled, beguiling style rather than the spark of his performance persona.

Explanation: Comparing "Uncle David" to Hoyle's earlier stage work, he felt that the two were "consistent", but that in the film Hoyle abandoned the "fireworks of his performance persona", opting for a "controlled, beguiling style".

Uncle David [SEP] Reviews


Context: what is uncle david?

Context: British black comedy film

Context: who is the main character in this film?

Context: Uncle David (David Hoyle)

Context: who played the character?

Context: David Hoyle

Context: when was this film released?

Context: what was his reaction?

Context: He said that Hoyle had chosen a controlled, beguiling style rather than the spark of his performance persona.

Question: when was the above-mentioned newspaper started?

Answer: 1821

The Guardian [SEP] Introduction

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as "The Manchester Guardian", and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers "The Observer" and "The Guardian Weekly", "The Guardian" is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of "The Guardian" in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of "The Guardian" free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for "The Guardian" the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators.


Context: what is uncle david?

Context: British black comedy film

Context: who is the main character in this film?

Context: Uncle David (David Hoyle)

Context: who played the character?

Context: David Hoyle

Context: when was this film released?

Context: what was his reaction?

Context: when was the above-mentioned newspaper started?

Question: which was the earliest war they covered?

Answer: American Civil War

Explanation: In 1860, "The Observer" quoted a report that the newly elected president Abraham Lincoln was opposed to abolition of slavery. On 13 May 1861, shortly after the start of the American Civil War, the "Manchester Guardian" portrayed the Northern states as primarily imposing a burdensome trade monopoly on the Confederate States, arguing that if the South was freed to have direct trade with Europe, "the day would not be distant when slavery itself would cease".

The Guardian [SEP] Slavery and the American Civil War

On 31 December 1862, cotton workers held a meeting at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester which resolved "its detestation of negro slavery in America, and of the attempt of the rebellious Southern slave-holders to organise on the great American continent a nation having slavery as its basis". There was a comment that "an effort had been made in a leading article of the "Manchester Guardian" to deter the working men from assembling together for such a purpose". The newspaper reported all this and published their letter to President Lincoln while complaining that "the chief occupation, if not the chief object of the meeting, seems to have been to abuse the "Manchester Guardian"".


Context: what is uncle david?

Context: British black comedy film

Context: who is the main character in this film?

Context: Uncle David (David Hoyle)

Context: who played the character?

Context: David Hoyle

Context: when was this film released?

Context: what was his reaction?

Context: which was the earliest war they covered?

Context: American Civil War

Question: what is the publication called in the us?

Answer: Guardian America

The Guardian [SEP] "Guardian America" and "Guardian US"

In 2007, the paper launched "Guardian America", an attempt to capitalise on its large online readership in the United States, which at the time stood at more than 5.9 million. The company hired former "American Prospect" editor, "New York" magazine columnist and "New York Review of Books" writer Michael Tomasky to head the project and hire a staff of American reporters and web editors. The site featured news from "The Guardian" that was relevant to an American audience: coverage of US news and the Middle East, for example. Tomasky stepped down from his position as editor of "Guardian America" in February 2009, ceding editing and planning duties to other US and London staff.


Context: what is uncle david?

Context: British black comedy film

Context: who is the main character in this film?

Context: Uncle David (David Hoyle)

Context: who played the character?

Context: David Hoyle

Context: when was this film released?

Context: what was his reaction?

Context: American Civil War

Context: what is the publication called in the us?

Context: Guardian America

Question: were they accused of being prejudiced in the coverage of any middle-east news?

Answer: Yes, accusation of biased criticism of Israeli government policy and of bias against the Palestinians.

The Guardian [SEP] Antisemitism and bias in Israeli-Palestinian conflict

In recent decades "The Guardian" has been accused of biased criticism of Israeli government policy and of bias against the Palestinians. In December 2003, columnist Julie Burchill cited "striking bias against the state of Israel" as one of the reasons she left the paper for "The Times". A leaked report from the European Monitoring Centre on Racism cited "The Economist" claim that for "many British Jews," the British media's reporting on Israel "is spiced with a tone of animosity, 'as to smell of anti-Semitism' ... This is above all the case with "The Guardian" and "The Independent"". The EU said the report, dated February 2003, was not published because it was insubstantial in its current state and lacking sufficient evidence.


Context: what is uncle david?

Context: British black comedy film

Context: who is the main character in this film?

Context: Uncle David (David Hoyle)

Context: who played the character?

Context: David Hoyle

Context: when was this film released?

Context: what was his reaction?

Context: American Civil War

Context: Guardian America

Context: were they accused of being prejudiced in the coverage of any middle-east news?

Context: Yes, accusation of biased criticism of Israeli government policy and of bias against the Palestinians.

Question: did they change their format in recent years?

Answer: Yes, to a Berliner or "midi" format.

Explanation: In 2004, "The Guardian" announced plans to change to a Berliner or "midi" format, similar to that used by "Die Tageszeitung" in Germany, "Le Monde" in France and many other European papers. At 470×315 mm, this is slightly larger than a traditional tabloid.

The Guardian [SEP] Moving to the Berliner paper format

On Thursday, 1 September 2005, "The Guardian" announced that it would launch the new format on Monday 12 September 2005. Sister Sunday newspaper "The Observer" also changed to this new format on 8 January 2006. The advantage "The Guardian" saw in the Berliner format was that, though it is only a little wider than a tabloid, and is equally easy to read on public transport, its greater height gives more flexibility in page design. The new presses mean that printing can go across the strip down the middle of the centre page, known as the "gutter", allowing the paper to print full double-page pictures.


Context: what is uncle david?

Context: British black comedy film

Context: who is the main character in this film?

Context: Uncle David (David Hoyle)

Context: who played the character?

Context: David Hoyle

Context: when was this film released?

Context: what was his reaction?

Context: American Civil War

Context: Guardian America

Context: did they change their format in recent years?

Context: Yes, to a Berliner or "midi" format.

Question: which year did they make that transition?

Answer: 2004

"The Guardian" is printed in full colour, and was the first newspaper in the UK to use the Berliner format for its main section, while producing sections and supplements in a range of page sizes including tabloid, approximately A4, and pocket-size (approximately A5). In 2004, "The Guardian" announced plans to change to a Berliner or "midi" format, similar to that used by "Die Tageszeitung" in Germany, "Le Monde" in France and many other European papers. At 470×315 mm, this is slightly larger than a traditional tabloid. Planned for the autumn of 2005, this change followed moves by "The Independent" and "The Times" to start publishing in tabloid (or compact) format.


Context: what is uncle david?

Context: British black comedy film

Context: who is the main character in this film?

Context: Uncle David (David Hoyle)

Context: who played the character?

Context: David Hoyle

Context: when was this film released?

Context: what was his reaction?

Context: American Civil War

Context: Guardian America

Context: Yes, to a Berliner or "midi" format.

Context: which year did they make that transition?

Question: do they have any podcasts?

Answer: Yes, a twelve-part weekly podcast series.

The Guardian [SEP] Podcasts

The paper entered podcasting in 2005 with a twelve-part weekly podcast series by Ricky Gervais. In January 2006, Gervais' show topped the iTunes podcast chart having been downloaded by two million listeners worldwide, and was scheduled to be listed in the 2007 "Guinness Book of Records" as the most downloaded podcast. "The Guardian" now offers several regular podcasts made by its journalists. One of the most prominent is "Today in Focus", a daily news podcast hosted by Anushka Asthana and launched on 1 November 2018. It was an immediate success and became one of the UK's most-downloaded podcasts.


Context: what is uncle david?

Context: British black comedy film

Context: who is the main character in this film?

Context: Uncle David (David Hoyle)

Context: who played the character?

Context: David Hoyle

Context: when was this film released?

Context: what was his reaction?

Context: American Civil War

Context: Guardian America

Context: Yes, to a Berliner or "midi" format.

Context: do they have any podcasts?

Context: Yes, a twelve-part weekly podcast series.

Question: what is it called?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

The Guardian [SEP] Podcasts


Question: what is the coral island?

Answer: It is a novel.

Explanation: is a novel

The Coral Island [SEP] Introduction

The Coral Island: A Tale of the Pacific Ocean (1857) is a novel written by Scottish author . One of the first works of juvenile fiction to feature exclusively juvenile heroes, the story relates the adventures of three boys marooned on a South Pacific island, the only survivors of a shipwreck. A typical Robinsonade – a genre of fiction inspired by Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" – and one of the most popular of its type, the book first went on sale in late 1857 and has never been out of print. Among the novel's major themes are the civilising effect of Christianity, 19th-century imperialism in the South Pacific, and the importance of hierarchy and leadership.


Context:
what is the coral island?
It is a novel.

Question: who is the author of this novel?

Answer: It is written by a Scottish author.

Explanation: by Scottish author

The Coral Island [SEP] Introduction


Context:
what is the coral island?
It is a novel.
who is the author of this novel?
It is written by a Scottish author.

Question: what is the historical context behind it?

Answer: It began a trend in boys' fiction by using boys as the main characters.

The Coral Island [SEP] Literary and historical context

Published during the "first golden age of children's fiction", "The Coral Island" began a trend in boys' fiction by using boys as the main characters, a device now commonplace in the genre. It preserves, according to literary critic Minnie Singh, the moralizing aspects of didactic texts, but does so (and in this regard it is a "founding text") by the "congruence of subject and implied reader": the story is about boys and written retrospectively as though by a boy, for an audience of boys. According to literary critic Frank Kermode, "The Coral Island" "could be used as a document in the history of ideas".


Context: what is the coral island?

Context: It is a novel.

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: It is written by a Scottish author.

Context: what is the historical context behind it?

Context: It began a trend in boys' fiction by using boys as the main characters.

Question: what genre and style did it follow?

Answer: Fiction

The Coral Island [SEP] Genre and style

Romance, with its attention to character development, was only restored to the genre of boys' fiction with Robert Louis Stevenson's "Treasure Island" argues literary critic Lisa Honaker. "The Coral Island", for all its adventure, is greatly occupied with the realism of domestic fiction (the domain of the realist novel); Ballantyne devotes about a third of the book to descriptions of the boys' living arrangements. The book exhibits a "light-hearted confidence" in its description of an adventure that was above all fun. As Ralph says in his preface: "If there is any boy or man who loves to be melancholy and morose, and who cannot enter with kindly sympathy into the regions of fun, let me seriously advise him to shut my book and put it away.


Context: what is the coral island?

Context: It is a novel.

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: It is written by a Scottish author.

Context: what genre and style did it follow?

Context: Fiction

Question: what was its influence?

Answer: It influenced Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island, William Golding's  Lord of the Flies etc

Explanation:
Robert Louis Stevenson's 1882 novel "Treasure Island" was in part inspired by "The Coral Island", which he admired for its "better qualities", as was J. M. Barrie's character Peter Pan; both Stevenson and Barrie had been "fervent boy readers" of the novel. Novelist G. A. Henty was also influenced by Ballantyne's audience-friendly method of didactism.

William Golding's 1954 novel "Lord of the Flies"

The Coral Island [SEP] Influence

Like the Coral Island". Jack also makes an appearance in "Lord of the Flies" as Jack Merridew, representing the irrational nature of the boys. Indeed, Golding's three central characters – Ralph, Piggy and Jack – are caricatures of Ballantyne's heroes. Despite having enjoyed "The Coral Island" many times as a child, Golding strongly disagreed with the views that it espoused, and in contrast "Lord of the Flies" depicts the English boys as savages themselves, who forget more than they learn, unlike Ballantyne's boys. Golding described the relationship between the two books by saying that "The Coral Island" "rotted to compost" in his mind, and in the compost "a new myth put down roots".


Context: what is the coral island?

Context: It is a novel.

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: It is written by a Scottish author.

Context: what genre and style did it follow?

Context: Fiction

Context: what was its influence?

Context: It influenced Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island, William Golding's  Lord of the Flies etc

Question: where was the former mentioned author born?

Answer: 8 Howard Place, Edinburgh, Scotland

Explanation: 8 Howard Place, Edinburgh, Scotland

Robert Louis Stevenson [SEP] Childhood and youth

Stevenson was born at 8 Howard Place, Edinburgh, Scotland on 13 November 1850 to Thomas Stevenson (1818–1887), a leading lighthouse engineer, and his wife Margaret Isabella (born Balfour, 1829–1897). He was christened Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson. At about age 18, he changed the spelling of "Lewis" to "Louis", and he dropped "Balfour" in 1873. Lighthouse design was the family's profession; Thomas's father (Robert's grandfather) was civil engineer Robert Stevenson, and Thomas's brothers (Robert's uncles) Alan and David were in the same field. Thomas's maternal grandfather Thomas Smith had been in the same profession. However, Robert's mother's family were gentry, tracing their lineage back to Alexander Balfour who had held the lands of Inchyra in Fife in the fifteenth century.


Context: what is the coral island?

Context: It is a novel.

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: It is written by a Scottish author.

Context: what genre and style did it follow?

Context: Fiction

Context: what was its influence?

Context: where was the former mentioned author born?

Context: 8 Howard Place, Edinburgh, Scotland

Question: where did he travel?

Answer: London, Menton, Belgium etc

Explanation: London

Robert Louis Stevenson [SEP] Early writing and travels

He placed Stevenson's first paid contribution in "The Portfolio", an essay entitled "Roads". Stevenson was soon active in London literary life, becoming acquainted with many of the writers of the time, including Andrew Lang, Edmund Gosse and Leslie Stephen, the editor of "The Cornhill Magazine" who took an interest in Stevenson's work. Stephen took Stevenson to visit a patient at the Edinburgh Infirmary named William Ernest Henley, an energetic and talkative man with a wooden leg. Henley became a close friend and occasional literary collaborator, until a quarrel broke up the friendship in 1888, and he is often considered to be the model for Long John Silver in "Treasure Island".


Context: what is the coral island?

Context: It is a novel.

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: It is written by a Scottish author.

Context: what genre and style did it follow?

Context: Fiction

Context: what was its influence?

Context: 8 Howard Place, Edinburgh, Scotland

Context: where did he travel?

Context: London, Menton, Belgium etc

Question: who did he marry?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Stevenson was visiting a cousin in England in late 1873 when he met two people who became very important to him: Sidney Colvin and Fanny (Frances Jane) Sitwell. Sitwell was a 34-year-old woman with a son, who was separated from her husband. She attracted the devotion of many who met her, including Colvin, who married her in 1901. Stevenson was also drawn to her, and they kept up a warm correspondence over several years in which he wavered between the role of a suitor and a son (he addressed her as "Madonna"). Colvin became Stevenson's literary adviser and was the first editor of his letters after his death.


Context: what is the coral island?

Context: It is a novel.

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: It is written by a Scottish author.

Context: what genre and style did it follow?

Context: Fiction

Context: what was its influence?

Context: 8 Howard Place, Edinburgh, Scotland

Context: where did he travel?

Context: London, Menton, Belgium etc

Context: who did he marry?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what are some short stories he wrote?

Answer: More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter

Robert Louis Stevenson [SEP] Short stories

List of short stories sorted chronologically. Note: does not include collaborations with Fanny found in "More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter".


Context: what is the coral island?

Context: It is a novel.

Context: who is the author of this novel?

Context: It is written by a Scottish author.

Context: what genre and style did it follow?

Context: Fiction

Context: what was its influence?

Context: 8 Howard Place, Edinburgh, Scotland

Context: where did he travel?

Context: London, Menton, Belgium etc

Context: who did he marry?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what are some short stories he wrote?

Context: More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter

Question: name some of his early writings

Answer: An Inland Voyage

Explanation: An Inland Voyage

Stevenson, Advocate". His law studies did influence his books, but he never practised law; all his energies were spent in travel and writing. One of his journeys was a canoe voyage in Belgium and France with Sir Walter Simpson, a friend from the Speculative Society, a frequent travel companion, and the author of "The Art of Golf" (1887). This trip was the basis of his first travel book "An Inland Voyage" (1878).


Question: what is sms kaiser karl der grosse?

Answer: A German pre-dreadnought battleship

SMS Kaiser Karl der Grosse [SEP] Introduction

SMS "Kaiser Karl der Grosse" was a German pre-dreadnought battleship of the , built around the turn of the 20th century for the "Kaiserliche Marine" (Imperial Navy). Named for the Emperor Charlemagne, "Kaiser Karl der Grosse" was built in Hamburg, at the Blohm and Voss shipyard. She was laid down in September 1898 and launched in October 1899. A shipyard strike and an accidental grounding delayed her completion until February 1902; she was therefore the last member of her class to enter service. The ship was armed with four guns in two twin gun turrets and had a top speed of .


Context:
what is sms kaiser karl der grosse?
A German pre-dreadnought battleship

Question: who designed it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context:
what is sms kaiser karl der grosse?
A German pre-dreadnought battleship
who designed it?
UNANSWERABLE

Question: where was it built?

Answer: In Hamburg

Explanation: in Hamburg

SMS Kaiser Karl der Grosse [SEP] Construction through 1904

German Emperor ("Kaiser") Wilhelm II believed that a strong navy was necessary for the country to expand its influence outside continental Europe. As a result, he initiated a program of naval expansion in the late 1880s; the first battleships built under this program were the four "Brandenburg"-class ships. These were immediately followed by the five "Kaiser Friedrich III"-class battleships, of which "Kaiser Karl der Grosse" was a member. She was ordered under the contract name "B" as a new ship of the fleet. The ship's keel was laid on 17 September 1898 at the Blohm & Voss in Hamburg under yard number 136.


Context:
what is sms kaiser karl der grosse?
A German pre-dreadnought battleship
who designed it?
UNANSWERABLE
where was it built?
In Hamburg

Question: where is the place located?

Answer: Germany

Explanation: Germany

Hamburg [SEP] Introduction

Hamburg (, , ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (; ), is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and 7th largest city in the European Union with a population of over 1.84 million. One of Germany's 16 federal states, it is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south. The city's metropolitan region is home to more than five million people. Hamburg lies on the River Elbe and two of its tributaries, the River Alster and the River Bille. The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League and a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.