Context: when did slender man the movie come out

Context: August 10, 2018

Context: was the movie based on any incident?

Context: could you please describe him?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Eric Knudsen

Context: is it related to any stabbing incident?

Context: where is the latter place located?

Context: Wisconsin, United States.

Question: how does it get its name?

Answer: Because of his  tall, thin, spectral figure

Slender Man [SEP] Origin

The Slender Man was created on June 10, 2009, on a thread in the Something Awful Internet forum. The thread was a Photoshop contest in which users were challenged to "create paranormal images." Forum poster Eric Knudsen, under the pseudonym "Victor Surge", contributed two black-and-white images of groups of children to which he added a tall, thin, spectral figure wearing a black suit. Although previous entries had consisted solely of photographs, Surge supplemented his submission with snatches of text—supposedly from witnesses—describing the abductions of the groups of children and giving the character the name "The Slender Man": The quote under the first photograph read: The quote under the second photograph read: These additions effectively transformed the photographs into a work of fiction.


Context: when did slender man the movie come out

Context: August 10, 2018

Context: was the movie based on any incident?

Context: No - Slender Man  is a fictional supernatural character

Context: could you please describe him?

Context: Thin, tall humanoid with a featureless head and face, wearing a black suit.

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Eric Knudsen

Context: is it related to any stabbing incident?

Context: Slender man is not related to any stabbing incident. However, Slender Man readers were connected to several violent acts, particularly stabbing of a 12-year-old girl in Waukesha, Wisconsin.

Context: where is the latter place located?

Context: Wisconsin, United States.

Context: how does it get its name?

Context: Because of his  tall, thin, spectral figure

Question: did this u.s. state take part in any war?

Answer: Yes - American Civil War. Around 91,000 troops from Wisconsin fought for the Union.

Explanation: During the Civil War, around 91,000 troops from Wisconsin fought for the Union.

Wisconsin [SEP] Civil War


Context: when did slender man the movie come out

Context: August 10, 2018

Context: was the movie based on any incident?

Context: could you please describe him?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Eric Knudsen

Context: is it related to any stabbing incident?

Context: where is the latter place located?

Context: Wisconsin, United States.

Context: how does it get its name?

Context: did this u.s. state take part in any war?

Context: Yes - American Civil War. Around 91,000 troops from Wisconsin fought for the Union.

Question: could you mention any one geographical feature?

Answer: Timms Hill

Explanation: With its location between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River, Wisconsin is home to a wide variety of geographical features. The state is divided into five distinct regions. In the north, the Lake Superior Lowland occupies a belt of land along Lake Superior. Just to the south, the Northern Highland has massive mixed hardwood and coniferous forests including the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, as well as thousands of glacial lakes, and the state's highest point, Timms Hill.

Wisconsin [SEP] Geography

The bedrock of the Niagara Escarpment is dolomite, while the two shorter ridges have limestone bedrock. In the southwest, the Western Upland is a rugged landscape with a mix of forest and farmland, including many bluffs on the Mississippi River. This region is part of the Driftless Area, which also includes portions of Iowa, Illinois, and Minnesota. This area was not covered by glaciers during the most recent ice age, the Wisconsin Glaciation. Overall, 46% of Wisconsin's land area is covered by forest. Langlade County has a soil rarely found outside of the county called Antigo silt loam.


Context: when did slender man the movie come out

Context: August 10, 2018

Context: was the movie based on any incident?

Context: could you please describe him?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Eric Knudsen

Context: is it related to any stabbing incident?

Context: where is the latter place located?

Context: Wisconsin, United States.

Context: how does it get its name?

Context: could you mention any one geographical feature?

Context: Timms Hill

Question: what major crops are produced in this state?

Answer: corn, oats, potatoes, carrots

Explanation: The state ranks first nationally in the production of corn for silage, cranberries ginseng, and snap beans for processing. It grows more than half the national crop of cranberries. and 97% of the nation's ginseng. Wisconsin is also a leading producer of oats, potatoes, carrots, tart cherries, maple syrup, and sweet corn for processing. The significance of the state's agricultural production is exemplified by the depiction of a Holstein cow, an ear of corn, and a wheel of cheese on Wisconsin's state quarter design. The state annually selects an "Alice in Dairyland" to promote the state's agricultural products around the world.

Wisconsin [SEP] Agriculture

Wisconsin produces about a quarter of America's cheese, leading the nation in cheese production. It is second in milk production, after California, and third in per-capita milk production, behind California and Vermont. Wisconsin is second in butter production, producing about one-quarter of the nation's butter. The state ranks first nationally in the production of corn for silage, cranberries ginseng, and snap beans for processing. It grows more than half the national crop of cranberries. and 97% of the nation's ginseng. Wisconsin is also a leading producer of oats, potatoes, carrots, tart cherries, maple syrup, and sweet corn for processing. The significance of the state's agricultural production is exemplified by the depiction of a Holstein cow, an ear of corn, and a wheel of cheese on Wisconsin's state quarter design.


Context: when did slender man the movie come out

Context: August 10, 2018

Context: was the movie based on any incident?

Context: could you please describe him?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Eric Knudsen

Context: is it related to any stabbing incident?

Context: where is the latter place located?

Context: Wisconsin, United States.

Context: how does it get its name?

Context: Timms Hill

Context: what major crops are produced in this state?

Context: corn, oats, potatoes, carrots

Question: is it famous for its architecture?

Answer: Yes - The Milwaukee Art Museum, Monona Terrace

Explanation: The Milwaukee Art Museum, with its "brise soleil" designed by Santiago Calatrava, is known for its interesting architecture. Monona Terrace in Madison, a convention center designed by Taliesin architect Anthony Puttnam, is based on a 1930s design by Wisconsin native Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright's home and studio in the 20th century was at Taliesin, south of Spring Green. Decades after Wright's death, Taliesin remains an architectural office and school for his followers.

Wisconsin [SEP] Architecture


Context: when did slender man the movie come out

Context: August 10, 2018

Context: was the movie based on any incident?

Context: could you please describe him?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Eric Knudsen

Context: is it related to any stabbing incident?

Context: where is the latter place located?

Context: Wisconsin, United States.

Context: how does it get its name?

Context: Timms Hill

Context: corn, oats, potatoes, carrots

Context: is it famous for its architecture?

Context: Yes - The Milwaukee Art Museum, Monona Terrace

Question: is consumption of alcohol very high here?

Answer: The state ranks at or near the top of national measures of per-capita alcohol consumption, consumption of alcohol per state, and proportion of drinkers.

Wisconsin [SEP] Alcohol culture

Drinking has long been considered a significant part of Wisconsin culture, and the state ranks at or near the top of national measures of per-capita alcohol consumption, consumption of alcohol per state, and proportion of drinkers. Consumption per-capita per-event, however, ranks low among the nation; number of events (number of times alcohol is involved) is significantly higher or highest, but consumption at each event smaller, marking Wisconsin's consumption as frequent and moderate. Factors such as cultural identification with the state's heritage of German immigration, the long-standing presence of major breweries in Milwaukee, and a cold climate are often associated with the prevalence of drinking in Wisconsin.


Context: when did slender man the movie come out

Context: August 10, 2018

Context: was the movie based on any incident?

Context: could you please describe him?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Eric Knudsen

Context: is it related to any stabbing incident?

Context: where is the latter place located?

Context: Wisconsin, United States.

Context: how does it get its name?

Context: Timms Hill

Context: corn, oats, potatoes, carrots

Context: is it famous for its architecture?

Context: is consumption of alcohol very high here?

Context: The state ranks at or near the top of national measures of per-capita alcohol consumption, consumption of alcohol per state, and proportion of drinkers.

Question: what are a few popular forms of entertainment one would find?

Answer: Music festival such as Summerfest, Eaux Claires, Country Jam USA

Explanation: Wisconsin's music festivals include Eaux Claires, Country Fest, Country Jam USA, the Hodag Country Festival, Porterfield Country Music Festival, Country Thunder USA in Twin Lakes, and Country USA. Milwaukee hosts Summerfest, dubbed "The World's Largest Music Festival", every year. This festival is held at the lakefront Henry Maier Festival Park just south of downtown, as are a summer-long array of ethnic musical festivals. The Wisconsin Area Music Industry provides an annual WAMI event where it presents an awards show for top Wisconsin artists.

Wisconsin [SEP] Music


Context: when did slender man the movie come out

Context: August 10, 2018

Context: was the movie based on any incident?

Context: could you please describe him?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Eric Knudsen

Context: is it related to any stabbing incident?

Context: where is the latter place located?

Context: Wisconsin, United States.

Context: how does it get its name?

Context: Timms Hill

Context: corn, oats, potatoes, carrots

Context: is it famous for its architecture?

Context: what are a few popular forms of entertainment one would find?

Context: Music festival such as Summerfest, Eaux Claires, Country Jam USA

Question: can you tell me about the first one?

Answer: An annual music festival held in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Summerfest attracts approximately 800,000 people each year, promoting itself as "The World's Largest Music Festival".

Summerfest [SEP] Introduction

Summerfest is an annual music festival held in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. First held in 1968, Summerfest is located at Henry Maier Festival Park, adjacent to Lake Michigan and Milwaukee's central business district. Summerfest attracts approximately 800,000 people each year, promoting itself as "The World's Largest Music Festival", a title certified by the Guinness World Records in 1999, but has been superseded by Donauinselfest with over 3 million in 2015. During Summerfest, the park hosts performances over 11 days, from late June until early July (including the Fourth of July). The festival includes 12 stages with over 1000 performances. The performers include local and nationally known music talent from various genres, performing throughout the grounds from noon to midnight, including the 23,000-capacity American Family Insurance Amphitheater.


Context: when did slender man the movie come out

Context: August 10, 2018

Context: was the movie based on any incident?

Context: could you please describe him?

Context: by whom was it developed?

Context: Eric Knudsen

Context: is it related to any stabbing incident?

Context: where is the latter place located?

Context: Wisconsin, United States.

Context: how does it get its name?

Context: Timms Hill

Context: corn, oats, potatoes, carrots

Context: is it famous for its architecture?

Context: can you tell me about the first one?

Context: An annual music festival held in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Summerfest attracts approximately 800,000 people each year, promoting itself as "The World's Largest Music Festival".

Question: when did it began?

Answer: July 1968

Explanation: The inaugural Summerfest was held in July 1968 at 35 different locations throughout the city (including Milwaukee County Stadium and Milwaukee Arena), and its events ranged from concerts to a film festival, an air show, and even a pageant. The first Summerfest, produced by Dee Robb and Con Merten was regarded as a success; the second event in 1969, was less successful, as it was plagued by additional venues, inclement weather, and severe financial debt.

Summerfest [SEP] History

The first Summerfest, produced by Dee Robb and Con Merten was regarded as a success; the second event in 1969, was less successful, as it was plagued by additional venues, inclement weather, and severe financial debt. In 1970, a permanent central location was decided upon, and Summerfest moved to a former Nike missile site on the lakefront, where it continues to be held to this day. Also that year, Summerfest introduced its red "smiley face" logo, an insignia that has become synonymous with the event. The logo was designed by local graphic artists Noel Spangler and Richard D. Grant.


Question: who plays luna in the harry potter movies

Answer: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Evanna Lynch [SEP] Introduction

Evanna Patricia Lynch (born 16 August 1991) is an Irish actress, model, activist, voice actress and narrator. She rose to prominence for her role as Luna Lovegood in the "Harry Potter" film series, appearing in the last four films and their tie-in video games, as well as in the 2012 musical "A Very Potter Senior Year". As an activist, Lynch focuses on veganism and animal rights. She has been involved in many non-profit campaigns and launched both a vegan-themed podcast and the cruelty-free cosmetics brand Kinder Beauty Box.


Context: who plays luna in the harry potter movies

Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Question: where was she born?

Answer: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Evanna Lynch [SEP] Early life and education

Lynch was born in Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland, the daughter of Marguerite and Donal Lynch. She has two older sisters, Emily and Mairead, and one younger brother named Patrick. As a child, Lynch read the "Harry Potter" series and became a fan, sending letters to the author, J. K. Rowling. She attended Cartown National School in Termonfeckin until June 2004 and then moved to Our Lady's College in Drogheda, where her father was the deputy principal. In 2008, Lynch studied speculative fiction and drama at the Centre for the Talented Youth of Ireland, a summer school for gifted teens, in Glasnevin.


Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Context: where was she born?

Context: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Question: is she vegan ?

Answer: Yes, at the age of eleven, she became a vegetarian.

Evanna Lynch [SEP] Veganism and animal rights

In a 2019 interview, Lynch said she "hated the blood [from raw meat]" as a child and, at the age of eleven, she became a vegetarian. In 2015, she turned to veganism for ethical reasons. Lynch said that her activism is mostly done "in my free time as a way to give back and a way to right the world." In 2015, Lynch was the first person to sign the petition against live export in the On Cow tour, an event organised by Compassion in World Farming which visited eight cities in the European Union. Since then, she has joined many animal rights demonstrations and campaigns.


Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Context: where was she born?

Context: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Context: is she vegan ?

Context: Yes, at the age of eleven, she became a vegetarian.

Question: what other projects has she been involved in apart from the movie mentioned?

Answer: "A Very Potter Senior Year"

Explanation: Evanna Patricia Lynch (born 16 August 1991) is an Irish actress, model, activist, voice actress and narrator. She rose to prominence for her role as Luna Lovegood in the "Harry Potter" film series, appearing in the last four films and their tie-in video games, as well as in the 2012 musical "A Very Potter Senior Year". As an activist, Lynch focuses on veganism and animal rights.

Evanna Lynch [SEP] Introduction


Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Context: where was she born?

Context: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Context: is she vegan ?

Context: what other projects has she been involved in apart from the movie mentioned?

Context: "A Very Potter Senior Year"

Question: is this a movie?

Answer: no, a musical.

Explanation: Evanna Patricia Lynch (born 16 August 1991) is an Irish actress, model, activist, voice actress and narrator. She rose to prominence for her role as Luna Lovegood in the "Harry Potter" film series, appearing in the last four films and their tie-in video games, as well as in the 2012 musical "A Very Potter Senior Year".

Evanna Lynch [SEP] Introduction


Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Context: where was she born?

Context: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Context: is she vegan ?

Context: "A Very Potter Senior Year"

Context: is this a movie?

Context: no, a musical.

Question: what is it about?

Answer: It is the conclusion of the "Very Potter" trilogy of "Harry Potter"-inspired musicals produced over four years by StarKid Productions.

A Very Potter Senior Year [SEP] Introduction

A Very Potter Senior Year (often shortened to AVPSY) is a musical written by Matt Lang, Nick Lang, and Brian Holden with songs by Clark Baxtresser, Pierce Siebers, A. J. Holmes, and additional songs by Darren Criss. It is the conclusion of the "Very Potter" trilogy of "Harry Potter"-inspired musicals produced over four years by StarKid Productions. Rather than a full musical, as with its previous installments, the production took the form of a live staged reading of the script with performances of the songs at LeakyCon in Chicago, Illinois, on August 11, 2012. It featured nearly all of the StarKid actors and actresses, including actor Darren Criss, who returned to the company to reprise his role as Harry Potter, and Evanna Lynch as Luna Lovegood, who played the character in the original film series.


Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Context: where was she born?

Context: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Context: is she vegan ?

Context: "A Very Potter Senior Year"

Context: is this a movie?

Context: no, a musical.

Context: what is it about?

Context: It is the conclusion of the "Very Potter" trilogy of "Harry Potter"-inspired musicals produced over four years by StarKid Productions.

Question: where is this production house located?

Answer: University of Michigan

StarKid Productions [SEP] Introduction

StarKid Productions, also known as Team StarKid, is an American musical theatre company founded in 2009 at the University of Michigan by Darren Criss, Brian Holden, Matt Lang, and Nick Lang. Originally known for the viral success of their first musical, "A Very Potter Musical", a parody of the "Harry Potter" series. The troupe primarily produces musical comedies inspired by pop culture, with original scripts, songs and music. StarKid distributes their musicals for free on YouTube, with recent projects being funded by Kickstarter and physical ticket sales. Since the success of "A Very Potter Musical", the group has produced twelve stage musicals (including two Potter sequels), two world tours, two reunion concert specials, three sketch comedy shows, and three web series.


Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Context: where was she born?

Context: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Context: is she vegan ?

Context: "A Very Potter Senior Year"

Context: is this a movie?

Context: no, a musical.

Context: what is it about?

Context: where is this production house located?

Context: University of Michigan

Question: when was this university established?

Answer: 1817

University of Michigan [SEP] Introduction

The University of Michigan (UM, U-M, U of M, or UMich), often simply referred to as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Founded in 1817 in Detroit, as the "Catholepistemiad", or the "University of Michigania", 20 years before the territory became a state, the university is Michigan's oldest. The school was moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto of what is now known as Central Campus. Since its establishment in Ann Arbor, the flagship university campus has expanded to include more than 584 major buildings with a combined area of more than spread out over Central Campus and North Campus, two regional campuses in Flint and Dearborn, and a Center in Detroit.


Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Context: where was she born?

Context: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Context: is she vegan ?

Context: "A Very Potter Senior Year"

Context: is this a movie?

Context: no, a musical.

Context: what is it about?

Context: where is this production house located?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: when was this university established?

Question: by whom?

Answer: the governor and judges of Michigan Territory.

University of Michigan [SEP] History

The University of Michigan was established in Detroit on August 26, 1817, as the "Catholepistemiad", or the University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory. Judge Augustus B. Woodward specifically invited The Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard, a Catholic priest, to establish the institution. Monteith became its first president and held seven of the professorships, and Richard was vice president and held the other six professorships. Concurrently, Ann Arbor had set aside in the hopes of being selected as the state capital. But when Lansing was chosen as the state capital, the city offered the land for a university.


Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Context: where was she born?

Context: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Context: is she vegan ?

Context: "A Very Potter Senior Year"

Context: is this a movie?

Context: no, a musical.

Context: what is it about?

Context: where is this production house located?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: when was this university established?

Context: by whom?

Context: the governor and judges of Michigan Territory.

Question: what sports are played here?

Answer: The men's wrestling, men's gymnastics, and women's volleyball.

University of Michigan [SEP] Other sports

The men's wrestling, men's gymnastics, and women's volleyball teams compete at the Cliff Keen Arena, dedicated and named after longtime wrestling coach Cliff Keen in 1990. U-M is also home to 29 men's and women's club sports teams, such as rugby, hockey, volleyball, boxing, soccer, and tennis.


Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Context: where was she born?

Context: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Context: is she vegan ?

Context: "A Very Potter Senior Year"

Context: is this a movie?

Context: no, a musical.

Context: what is it about?

Context: where is this production house located?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: when was this university established?

Context: by whom?

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: The men's wrestling, men's gymnastics, and women's volleyball.

Question: what is its rank?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Context: where was she born?

Context: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Context: is she vegan ?

Context: "A Very Potter Senior Year"

Context: is this a movie?

Context: no, a musical.

Context: what is it about?

Context: where is this production house located?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: when was this university established?

Context: by whom?

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: what is its rank?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is there a castle at the birthplace of the actress?

Answer: Yes, Termonfeckin Castle.

Termonfeckin [SEP] Termonfeckin Castle

The extant castle in Termonfeckin is a 15th- or 16th-century tower house of three storeys, with good trefoil headed windows. Its most unusual feature is the corbelled roof, similar to the technique used for the Newgrange chamber roof, which is on the third storey. This castle was damaged in the Irish Rebellion of 1641 but was later repaired by a Captain Brabazon. It is now a National Monument.


Context: Evanna Patricia Lynch

Context: where was she born?

Context: Termonfeckin, County Louth, Ireland.

Context: is she vegan ?

Context: "A Very Potter Senior Year"

Context: is this a movie?

Context: no, a musical.

Context: what is it about?

Context: where is this production house located?

Context: University of Michigan

Context: when was this university established?

Context: by whom?

Context: what sports are played here?

Context: what is its rank?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there a castle at the birthplace of the actress?

Context: Yes, Termonfeckin Castle.

Question: is it a city or a town?

Answer: It is a small village in Ireland.

Termonfeckin [SEP] Introduction

Termonfeckin or Termonfechin () is a small village and townland in County Louth, Ireland. It is within the parish of the same name, and lies north-east of Drogheda. The population of the village was 653 as of the 2006 census, rising to 1,443 in 2011, and to 1,579 by the time of the 2016 census.


Question: when was the sholes and glidden typewriter invented

Answer: July 1, 1874

Explanation: Remington further refined the typewriter before finally placing it on the market on July 1, 1874.

Sholes and Glidden typewriter [SEP] Introduction

During its development, this typewriter evolved from a crude curiosity into a practical device, the basic form of which became the industry standard. The machine incorporated elements which became fundamental to typewriter design, including a cylindrical platen and a four-rowed QWERTY keyboard. Several design deficiencies remained, however. The Sholes and Glidden could print only upper-case letters—an issue remedied in its successor, the Remington No. 2—and was a "blind writer", meaning the typist could not see what was being written as it was entered. Initially, the typewriter received an unenthusiastic reception from the public. Lack of an established market, high cost, and the need for trained operators slowed its adoption.


Context: when was the sholes and glidden typewriter invented

Context: July 1, 1874

Question: who invented it?

Answer: Christopher Latham Sholes

The Sholes and Glidden typewriter (also known as the Remington No. 1) was the first commercially successful typewriter. Principally designed by the American inventor Christopher Latham Sholes, it was developed with the assistance of fellow printer Samuel W. Soule and amateur mechanic Carlos S. Glidden. Work began in 1867, but Soule left the enterprise shortly thereafter, replaced by James Densmore, who provided financial backing and the driving force behind the machine's continued development. After several short-lived attempts to manufacture the device, the machine was acquired by E. Remington and Sons in early 1873. An arms manufacturer seeking to diversify, Remington further refined the typewriter before finally placing it on the market on July 1, 1874.


Context: July 1, 1874

Context: who invented it?

Context: Christopher Latham Sholes

Question: could you tell me some details about its design?

Answer: It had escapement (a mechanism governing carriage movement) adapted from clockwork, keys adapted from telegraph machines and type hammers adapted from the piano

Sholes and Glidden typewriter [SEP] Design

The Sholes and Glidden typewriter incorporated several components adapted from existing devices, such as escapement (a mechanism governing carriage movement) adapted from clockwork, keys adapted from telegraph machines and type hammers adapted from the piano. In developing the first model, however, Sholes and Soule had not investigated printing machines created by other inventors and, consequently, developed several poor designs which could have been avoided. The failure to research earlier designs also led to the reinvention of features which had already been developed. Soule, for example, suggested a circular typebar orientation. A circular arrangement had been used more than 30 years earlier in a machine designed by Xavier Progin in 1833.


Context: July 1, 1874

Context: who invented it?

Context: Christopher Latham Sholes

Context: could you tell me some details about its design?

Context: It had escapement (a mechanism governing carriage movement) adapted from clockwork, keys adapted from telegraph machines and type hammers adapted from the piano

Question: anything special about its keypad?

Answer: The QWERTY keyboard was invented during the course of the typewriter's development

Sholes and Glidden typewriter [SEP] QWERTY keyboard

The QWERTY keyboard, so named for the first six characters of the uppermost alphabetic row, was invented during the course of the typewriter's development. The first model constructed by Sholes used a piano-like keyboard with two rows of characters arranged alphabetically as follows: Schwalbach later replaced the piano-like keys with "buttons" and positioned them into four banked rows. The mechanics of the machine, however, made the alphabetical arrangement problematic. The typebars were attached to the circumference of a metal ring, forming a "basket". When a key was pressed, the corresponding typebar would swing upwards, causing the print head to strike at the center of the ring.


Context: July 1, 1874

Context: who invented it?

Context: Christopher Latham Sholes

Context: anything special about its keypad?

Context: The QWERTY keyboard was invented during the course of the typewriter's development

Question: what was the reason behind the invention?

Answer: In earlier design pressing adjoining keys in quick succession would cause their typebars to collide and jam the machine so to mitigate this problem, keys were reordered using analysis of letter frequency and trial and error

Gravity would then return the typebar to its initial position. The implication of this design, however, was that pressing adjoining keys in quick succession would cause their typebars to collide and jam the machine. To mitigate this problem, keys were reordered using analysis of letter frequency and trial and error. Densmore asked his son-in-law, a Pennsylvania school superintendent, what letters and combinations of letters appeared most often in the English language. Typebars corresponding to letters in commonly occurring alphabetical pairs, such as S and T, were placed on opposite sides on the ring. The keyboard ultimately presented to Remington was arranged as follows: After it purchased the device, Remington made several adjustments—including switching the period and "R" keys—which created a keyboard with what is essentially the modern QWERTY layout.


Context: July 1, 1874

Context: who invented it?

Context: Christopher Latham Sholes

Context: anything special about its keypad?

Context: what was the reason behind the invention?

Context: In earlier design pressing adjoining keys in quick succession would cause their typebars to collide and jam the machine so to mitigate this problem, keys were reordered using analysis of letter frequency and trial and error

Question: apart from being the inventor of this product, what else was he known for?

Answer: He was a newspaper publisher and Wisconsin politician

Christopher Latham Sholes [SEP] Introduction

Christopher Latham Sholes (February 14, 1819 – February 17, 1890) was an American inventor who invented the QWERTY keyboard, and, along with Samuel W. Soule, Carlos Glidden and John Pratt, has been contended to be one of the inventors of the first typewriter in the United States. He was also a newspaper publisher and Wisconsin politician.


Context: July 1, 1874

Context: who invented it?

Context: Christopher Latham Sholes

Context: anything special about its keypad?

Context: apart from being the inventor of this product, what else was he known for?

Context: He was a newspaper publisher and Wisconsin politician

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Mooresburg, in Montour County, Pennsylvania

Christopher Latham Sholes [SEP] Youth and political career

Born in Mooresburg, in Montour County, Pennsylvania, Sholes moved to nearby Danville and worked there as an apprentice to a printer. After completing his apprenticeship, Sholes moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1837, and later to Southport, Wisconsin (present-day Kenosha). He became a newspaper publisher and politician, serving in the Wisconsin State Senate from 1848 to 1849 as a Democrat, in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1852 to 1853 as a Free Soiler, and again in the Senate as a Republican from 1856 to 1857. He was instrumental in the successful movement to abolish capital punishment in Wisconsin; his newspaper, "The Kenosha Telegraph", reported on the trial of John McCaffary in 1851, and then in 1853 he led the campaign in the Wisconsin State Assembly.


Context: July 1, 1874

Context: who invented it?

Context: Christopher Latham Sholes

Context: anything special about its keypad?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Mooresburg, in Montour County, Pennsylvania

Question: what is the weather like here?

Answer: Humid continental climate

Explanation: Montour has a humid continental climate

Montour County, Pennsylvania [SEP] Climate

Montour has a humid continental climate ("Dfa"/"Dfb") and average monthly temperatures in Danville range from 26.9 °F in January to 72.3 °F in July.


Context: July 1, 1874

Context: who invented it?

Context: Christopher Latham Sholes

Context: anything special about its keypad?

Context: where was he born?

Context: what is the weather like here?

Context: Humid continental climate

Question: what was the reason for a recent spike in cases on injustice faced by kids?

Answer: A new state law specifying more professions are mandated reporters including: teachers, college professors, coaches, advisors of youth organizations and public school employees

Montour County, Pennsylvania [SEP] Child abuse cases reported

In 2014, 195 child abuse reports were made to the Montour Children and Youth Agency. In 2015, reported cases increased to 259 a 28% increase in reports over 2014. The increase in cases was attributed to a new state law specifying more professions are mandated reporters including: teachers, college professors, coaches, advisors of youth organizations and public school employees. Additionally, the high number of cases for such a small community can be attributed to the presence of Geisinger Medical Center and the Janet Weis Children's Hospital in Danville which serve a large region.


Context: July 1, 1874

Context: who invented it?

Context: Christopher Latham Sholes

Context: anything special about its keypad?

Context: where was he born?

Context: what is the weather like here?

Context: Humid continental climate

Context: what was the reason for a recent spike in cases on injustice faced by kids?

Context: A new state law specifying more professions are mandated reporters including: teachers, college professors, coaches, advisors of youth organizations and public school employees

Question: what is the political view followed by most of the people residing here?

Answer: It is heavily Republican

Montour County, Pennsylvania [SEP] Government

Montour County is heavily Republican, with the Republican winning it in every presidential election since 1968. The county is run by three, locally elected county commissioners who serve 4 year terms. In October 2015, Montour County Commissioners sought court approval for a $1 million emergency loan to cover expenses. The loan was necessitated by the lack of a state general fund budget, which delayed many state and federal program funding streams to the county. The hearing will be before Judge Thomas James, Jr. By state law, the county commissioners must have court approval to take out debt outside of the usual budget and debt processes.


Context: July 1, 1874

Context: who invented it?

Context: Christopher Latham Sholes

Context: anything special about its keypad?

Context: where was he born?

Context: what is the weather like here?

Context: Humid continental climate

Context: what is the political view followed by most of the people residing here?

Context: It is heavily Republican

Question: any other name for the invention mentioned above?

Answer: Remington No. 1

Explanation: The Sholes and Glidden typewriter (also known as the Remington No. 1) was the first commercially successful typewriter

Additionally, recipients of typewritten messages found the mechanical, all-upper-case writing to be impersonal and even insulting. The new communication technologies and expanding businesses of the late 19th century, however, had created a need for expedient, legible correspondence, and so the Sholes and Glidden and its contemporaries soon became common office fixtures. The typewriter is credited with assisting the entrance of women into the clerical workplace, as many were hired to operate the new devices.


Context: July 1, 1874

Context: who invented it?

Context: Christopher Latham Sholes

Context: anything special about its keypad?

Context: where was he born?

Context: what is the weather like here?

Context: Humid continental climate

Context: It is heavily Republican

Context: any other name for the invention mentioned above?

Context: Remington No. 1

Question: in pennsylvania, where exactly is this county located?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Montour County, Pennsylvania [SEP] Introduction

Montour County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,267. Its county seat is Danville. The county is named for Andrew Montour, a prominent Métis interpreter who served with George Washington during the French and Indian War. It encompasses 132 sq mi, making it the smallest county by land area in the state. Montour County is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.


Question: when did the queen have her first child

Answer: 14 November 1948

Charles, Prince of Wales [SEP] Early life and education

Charles was born at Buckingham Palace in London during the reign of his maternal grandfather George VI on 14 November 1948, at 9:14 pm (GMT), the first child of Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (originally Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark), and first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. He was baptised in the palace's Music Room by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher, on 15 December 1948. The death of his grandfather and the accession of his mother as Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 made Charles her heir apparent. As the monarch's eldest son, he automatically took the titles Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland.


Context:
when did the queen have her first child
14 November 1948

Question: what are the titles she has?

Answer: "Queen of Jamaica and her other realms and territories", "Queen of Australia and her other realms and territories", "Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann", Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster

Elizabeth II [SEP] Titles and styles

Elizabeth has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is Sovereign of many orders in her own countries, and has received honours and awards from around the world. In each of her realms she has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: "Queen of Jamaica and her other realms and territories" in Jamaica, "Queen of Australia and her other realms and territories" in Australia, etc. In the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, which are Crown dependencies rather than separate realms, she is known as Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann, respectively. Additional styles include Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster.


Context: when did the queen have her first child

Context: 14 November 1948

Context: what are the titles she has?

Context: "Queen of Jamaica and her other realms and territories", "Queen of Australia and her other realms and territories", "Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann", Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster

Question: what does the second-last title mean?

Answer: It reflects the Sovereign's position as the supreme governor of the Church of England, who is thus formally superior to the archbishop of Canterbury

Defender of the Faith [SEP] Modern usage

In her capacity as queen of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II is styled "Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith". The title "Defender of the Faith" reflects the Sovereign's position as the supreme governor of the Church of England, who is thus formally superior to the archbishop of Canterbury. The original Latin phrase is represented on all current British coins by the abbreviations, or . This notation was first added to British coins in 1714, during the reign of King George I.


Context: when did the queen have her first child

Context: 14 November 1948

Context: what are the titles she has?

Context: what does the second-last title mean?

Context: It reflects the Sovereign's position as the supreme governor of the Church of England, who is thus formally superior to the archbishop of Canterbury

Question: how is it used in modern times?

Answer: In most Commonwealth realms, the phrase does not appear in the Monarch's full style, though the initial "By the Grace of God" is maintained

The decision of the Royal Mint to omit this and certain other parts of the monarch's style from the "Godless Florin" in 1849 caused such a scandal that the coin was replaced. In most Commonwealth realms, the phrase does not appear in the Monarch's full style, though the initial "By the Grace of God" is maintained. For example, in Australia, Queen Elizabeth is currently styled "by the Grace of God, Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth". She is additionally styled "Defender of the Faith" only in Canada, New Zealand and the UK. Canada chose to include the phrase not because the sovereign is regarded as the protector of the state religion (Canada has none), but as a defender of faith in general.


Context: when did the queen have her first child

Context: 14 November 1948

Context: what are the titles she has?

Context: what does the second-last title mean?

Context: how is it used in modern times?

Context: In most Commonwealth realms, the phrase does not appear in the Monarch's full style, though the initial "By the Grace of God" is maintained

Question: who are the queen's children?

Answer: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward

Explanation: In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, a former prince of Greece and Denmark, with whom she has four children: Charles, Prince of Wales; Anne, Princess Royal; Prince Andrew, Duke of York; and Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex.

Elizabeth II [SEP] Introduction

Significant events have included her coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her Silver, Golden, and Diamond Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012, respectively. In 2017, she became the first British monarch to reach a Sapphire Jubilee. She is the longest-lived and longest-reigning British monarch. She is the longest-serving female head of state in world history, and the world's oldest living monarch, longest-reigning current monarch, and oldest and longest-serving current head of state. Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and press criticism of the royal family, in particular after the breakdown of her children's marriages, her "annus horribilis" in 1992, and the death in 1997 of her former daughter-in-law Diana, Princess of Wales.


Context: when did the queen have her first child

Context: 14 November 1948

Context: what are the titles she has?

Context: what does the second-last title mean?

Context: how is it used in modern times?

Context: who are the queen's children?

Context: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward

Question: what is the full title of the first son?

Answer: His Royal Highness Prince Charles Philip Arthur George, Prince of Wales, KG, KT, GCB, OM, AK, QSO, CC, SOM, CD, PC, ADC, Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland

Charles, Prince of Wales [SEP] Titles and styles

The Prince's full title is "His Royal Highness Prince Charles Philip Arthur George, Prince of Wales, KG, KT, GCB, OM, AK, QSO, CC, SOM, CD, PC, ADC, Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland". Charles has held titles throughout his life: the grandson of the monarch, the son of the monarch and in his own right. He has been a British prince since birth and was created Prince of Wales in 1958. There has been speculation as to what regnal name the prince would choose upon his succession to the throne.


Context: when did the queen have her first child

Context: 14 November 1948

Context: what are the titles she has?

Context: what does the second-last title mean?

Context: how is it used in modern times?

Context: who are the queen's children?

Context: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward

Context: what is the full title of the first son?

Context: His Royal Highness Prince Charles Philip Arthur George, Prince of Wales, KG, KT, GCB, OM, AK, QSO, CC, SOM, CD, PC, ADC, Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland

Question: has he ever appeared on television?

Answer: Yes. He read his children's book "The Old Man of Lochnagar" for the BBC's "Jackanory" series

Charles, Prince of Wales [SEP] Guest appearances on television

The Prince of Wales has occasionally appeared on television. In 1984, he read his children's book "The Old Man of Lochnagar" for the BBC's "Jackanory" series. The UK soap opera "Coronation Street" featured an appearance by Charles during the show's 40th anniversary in 2000, as did the New Zealand young adult cartoon series "bro'Town" (2005), after he attended a performance by the show's creators during a tour of the country. Charles was interviewed with Princes William and Harry by Ant & Dec to mark the 30th anniversary of The Prince's Trust in 2006 and in 2016 was interviewed by them again along with his sons and the Duchess of Cornwall to mark the 40th anniversary.


Context: when did the queen have her first child

Context: 14 November 1948

Context: what are the titles she has?

Context: what does the second-last title mean?

Context: how is it used in modern times?

Context: who are the queen's children?

Context: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward

Context: has he ever appeared on television?

Context: Yes. He read his children's book "The Old Man of Lochnagar" for the BBC's "Jackanory" series

Question: when was this book published?

Answer: 1980

The Old Man of Lochnagar [SEP] Introduction

The Old Man of Lochnagar is a children's book written by Charles, Prince of Wales, and illustrated by Sir Hugh Casson. The story revolves around an old man who lives in a cave in the cliffs surrounding the corrie loch under the Lochnagar, a mountain which overlooks the royal estate at Balmoral in Scotland where the Royal Family spend much of their summer holidays. The story of the old man of Lochnagar was one Prince Charles had told some years earlier to entertain his brothers, Andrew and Edward, when they were young. The book was published in 1980 in aid of The Prince's Trust charity.


Context: when did the queen have her first child

Context: 14 November 1948

Context: what are the titles she has?

Context: what does the second-last title mean?

Context: how is it used in modern times?

Context: who are the queen's children?

Context: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward

Context: has he ever appeared on television?

Context: when was this book published?

Question: is the story associated with any ancient folklore?

Answer: The Gorm, meaning "Blue", may have been inspired by "Na Fir Ghorma", the Blue Men, a tribe of faeries reputed to live in The Minch or similar folklore stories

The Old Man of Lochnagar [SEP] Links to Gaelic folklore

The Gorm, meaning "Blue", may have been inspired by "Na Fir Ghorma", the Blue Men, a tribe of faeries reputed to live in The Minch or similar folklore stories. The same idea of blue-skinned fairy folk is also to be seen in "The Wee Free Men" by Terry Pratchett.


Context: when did the queen have her first child

Context: 14 November 1948

Context: what are the titles she has?

Context: what does the second-last title mean?

Context: how is it used in modern times?

Context: who are the queen's children?

Context: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward

Context: has he ever appeared on television?

Context: when was this book published?

Context: is the story associated with any ancient folklore?

Context: The Gorm, meaning "Blue", may have been inspired by "Na Fir Ghorma", the Blue Men, a tribe of faeries reputed to live in The Minch or similar folklore stories

Question: what is this place mentioned above where faeries live?

Answer: A strait in north-west Scotland, separating the north-west Highlands and the northern Inner Hebrides from Lewis and Harris in the Outer Hebrides

The Minch [SEP] Introduction

The Minch (, ', ', '), also called North Minch, is a strait in north-west Scotland, separating the north-west Highlands and the northern Inner Hebrides from Lewis and Harris in the Outer Hebrides. It was known as ("Scotland's fjord/firth") in Old Norse. The Lower Minch (), also known as the Little Minch, is the Minch's southern extension, separating Skye from the lower Outer Hebrides: North Uist, Benbecula, South Uist, Barra etc. It opens into the Sea of the Hebrides. The Little Minch is the northern limit of the Sea of the Hebrides.


Context: when did the queen have her first child

Context: 14 November 1948

Context: what are the titles she has?

Context: what does the second-last title mean?

Context: how is it used in modern times?

Context: who are the queen's children?

Context: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward

Context: has he ever appeared on television?

Context: when was this book published?

Context: what is this place mentioned above where faeries live?

Context: A strait in north-west Scotland, separating the north-west Highlands and the northern Inner Hebrides from Lewis and Harris in the Outer Hebrides

Question: does this place have any mythological significance?

Answer: The mythological blue men of the Minch live in the area

The Minch [SEP] Mythology

The mythological blue men of the Minch live in the area.


Context: when did the queen have her first child

Context: 14 November 1948

Context: what are the titles she has?

Context: what does the second-last title mean?

Context: how is it used in modern times?

Context: who are the queen's children?

Context: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward

Context: has he ever appeared on television?

Context: when was this book published?

Context: does this place have any mythological significance?

Context: The mythological blue men of the Minch live in the area

Question: who are these men?

Answer: They are mythological creatures inhabiting the stretch of water between the northern Outer Hebrides and mainland Scotland, looking for sailors to drown and stricken boats to sink

Blue men of the Minch [SEP] Introduction

The blue men of the Minch, also known as storm kelpies ( ), are mythological creatures inhabiting the stretch of water between the northern Outer Hebrides and mainland Scotland, looking for sailors to drown and stricken boats to sink. They appear to be localised to the Minch and surrounding areas, unknown in other parts of Scotland and without counterparts in the rest of the world. Apart from their blue colour, the mythical creatures look much like humans, and are about the same size. They have the power to create storms, but when the weather is fine they float sleeping on or just below the surface of the water.


Context: when did the queen have her first child

Context: 14 November 1948

Context: what are the titles she has?

Context: what does the second-last title mean?

Context: how is it used in modern times?

Context: who are the queen's children?

Context: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward

Context: has he ever appeared on television?

Context: when was this book published?

Context: who are these men?

Context: They are mythological creatures inhabiting the stretch of water between the northern Outer Hebrides and mainland Scotland, looking for sailors to drown and stricken boats to sink

Question: where did these creatures originate from?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Question: which countries colonized the americas after 1490 and what sections did each colonize

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Monarchies in the Americas [SEP] Introduction

There are 13 monarchies in the Americas (self-governing states and territories that have a monarch as head of state). Each is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the sovereign inherits his or her office, usually keeping it until death or abdication, and is bound by laws and customs in the exercise of their powers. Ten of these monarchies are independent states; they equally share Queen Elizabeth II, who resides primarily in the United Kingdom, as their respective sovereign, making them part of a global group known as the Commonwealth realms. The others are dependencies of three European monarchies. As such, none of the monarchies in the Americas have a permanently residing monarch.


Context: which countries colonized the americas after 1490 and what sections did each colonize

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how many monarchies there in america?

Answer: 13.

Explanation: There are 13 monarchies in the Americas (self-governing states and territories that have a monarch as head of state).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how many monarchies there in america?

Question: which were the former monarchies?

Answer: The Aztec Empire .

Monarchies in the Americas [SEP] Aztec

The Aztec Empire existed in the central Mexican region between c. 1325 and 1521, and was formed by the triple alliance of the "tlatoque" (the Nahuatl term for "speaker", also translated in English as "king") of three city-states: Tlacopan, Texcoco, and the capital of the empire, Tenochtitlan. While the lineage of Tenochtitlan's kings continued after the city's fall to the Spanish on 13 August 1521, they reigned as puppet rulers of the King of Spain until the death of the last dynastic "tlatoani", Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin, on 27 December 1565.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how many monarchies there in america?

Context: which were the former monarchies?

Context: The Aztec Empire .

Question: can you mention any of the 13?

Answer: The monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda, the monarchy of the Bahamas and others.

Monarchies in the Americas [SEP] Antigua and Barbuda

The monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda has its roots in the Spanish monarchy, under the authority of which the islands were first colonized in the late 15th century, and later the British monarchy, as a Crown colony. On 1 November 1981, the country gained independence from the United Kingdom, retaining the then reigning monarch, Elizabeth II, as monarch of the newly created monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda. The monarch is represented in the country by the Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda, Sir Rodney Williams. Elizabeth and her royal consort, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, included Antigua and Barbuda in their 1966 Caribbean tour, and again in the Queen's Silver Jubilee tour of October 1977.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how many monarchies there in america?

Context: which were the former monarchies?

Context: The Aztec Empire .

Context: can you mention any of the 13?

Context: The monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda, the monarchy of the Bahamas and others.

Question: how did the second one get its name?

Answer: The name "Bahamas" is most likely derived from either the Taíno ' ("big upper middle land"), which was a term for the region used by the indigenous people, or possibly from the Spanish ' ("shallow water or sea" or "low tide") reflecting the shallow waters of the area.

The Bahamas [SEP] Etymology

The name "Bahamas" is most likely derived from either the Taíno ' ("big upper middle land"), which was a term for the region used by the indigenous people, or possibly from the Spanish ' ("shallow water or sea" or "low tide") reflecting the shallow waters of the area. Alternatively, it may originate from "", a local name of unclear meaning. The word "The" constitutes an integral part of the short form of the name and is, therefore, capitalised. The Constitution of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, the country's fundamental law, capitalises the "T" in "The Bahamas".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how many monarchies there in america?

Context: which were the former monarchies?

Context: The Aztec Empire .

Context: can you mention any of the 13?

Context: how did the second one get its name?

Context: The name "Bahamas" is most likely derived from either the Taíno ' ("big upper middle land"), which was a term for the region used by the indigenous people, or possibly from the Spanish ' ("shallow water or sea" or "low tide") reflecting the shallow waters of the area.

Question: what can you tell about its armed forces?

Answer: The Bahamanian military is the Royal Bahamas Defence Force (RBDF), the navy of The Bahamas which includes a land unit called Commando Squadron (Regiment) and an Air Wing (Air Force).

The Bahamas [SEP] Armed forces

The Bahamanian military is the Royal Bahamas Defence Force (RBDF), the navy of The Bahamas which includes a land unit called Commando Squadron (Regiment) and an Air Wing (Air Force). Under the Defence Act, the RBDF has been mandated, in the name of the queen, to defend The Bahamas, protect its territorial integrity, patrol its waters, provide assistance and relief in times of disaster, maintain order in conjunction with the law enforcement agencies of The Bahamas, and carry out any such duties as determined by the National Security Council. The Defence Force is also a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM)'s Regional Security Task Force.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how many monarchies there in america?

Context: which were the former monarchies?

Context: The Aztec Empire .

Context: can you mention any of the 13?

Context: how did the second one get its name?

Context: what can you tell about its armed forces?

Context: The Bahamanian military is the Royal Bahamas Defence Force (RBDF), the navy of The Bahamas which includes a land unit called Commando Squadron (Regiment) and an Air Wing (Air Force).

Question: what is the dominant religion there?

Answer: Christianity.

The Bahamas [SEP] Religion

The islands' population is predominantly Christian. Protestant denominations collectively account for more than 70% of the population, with Baptists representing 35% of the population, Anglicans 15%, Pentecostals 8%, Church of God 5%, Seventh-day Adventists 5% and Methodists 4%. There is also a significant Roman Catholic community accounting for about 14%. There are also smaller communities of Jews, Muslims, Baháʼís, Hindus, Rastafarians and practitioners of traditional African religions such as Obeah.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how many monarchies there in america?

Context: which were the former monarchies?

Context: The Aztec Empire .

Context: can you mention any of the 13?

Context: how did the second one get its name?

Context: what is the dominant religion there?

Context: Christianity.

Question: which ethnic groups contribute to its population?

Answer: Black, White and mixed race (African and European).

The Bahamas [SEP] Racial and ethnic groups

According to the 99% response rate obtained from the race question on the 2010 Census questionnaire, 90.6% of the population identified themselves as being Black, 4.7% White and 2.1% of a mixed race (African and European). Three centuries prior, in 1722 when the first official census of The Bahamas was taken, 74% of the population was native European and 26% native African. Since the colonial era of plantations, Africans or Afro-Bahamians have been the largest ethnic group in The Bahamas, whose primary ancestry was based in West Africa. The first Africans to arrive to The Bahamas were freed slaves from Bermuda; they arrived with the Eleutheran Adventurers looking for new lives.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how many monarchies there in america?

Context: which were the former monarchies?

Context: The Aztec Empire .

Context: can you mention any of the 13?

Context: how did the second one get its name?

Context: what is the dominant religion there?

Context: Christianity.

Context: which ethnic groups contribute to its population?

Context: Black, White and mixed race (African and European).

Question: which is the popular sport of this place?

Answer: Cricket.

The Bahamas [SEP] Sport

Sport is a significant part of Bahamian culture. The national sport is cricket. Cricket has been played in The Bahamas from 1846, the oldest sport being played in the country today. The Bahamas Cricket Association was formed in 1936, and from the 1940s to the 1970s, cricket was played amongst many Bahamians. Bahamas is not a part of the West Indies Cricket Board, so players are not eligible to play for the West Indies cricket team. The late 1970s saw the game begin to decline in the country as teachers, who had previously come from the United Kingdom with a passion for cricket, were replaced by teachers who had been trained in the United States.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how many monarchies there in america?

Context: which were the former monarchies?

Context: The Aztec Empire .

Context: can you mention any of the 13?

Context: how did the second one get its name?

Context: what is the dominant religion there?

Context: Christianity.

Context: which is the popular sport of this place?

Context: Cricket.

Question: where is this sport originate?

Answer: The earliest reference to cricket is in South East England in the mid-16th century.

Cricket [SEP] Introduction

The earliest reference to cricket is in South East England in the mid-16th century. It spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, with the first international matches in the second half of the 19th century. The game's governing body is the International Cricket Council (ICC), which has over 100 members, twelve of which are full members who play Test matches. The game's rules, the Laws of Cricket, are maintained by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London. The sport is followed primarily in the Indian subcontinent, Australasia, the United Kingdom, southern Africa and the West Indies. Women's cricket, which is organised and played separately, has also achieved international standard.


Question: who invented the first aeroplane in the world

Answer: The Wright brothers

Wright brothers [SEP] Introduction

The Wright brothers—Orville (August 19, 1871– January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867– May 30, 1912)—were two American aviation pioneers generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful motor-operated airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft with the "Wright Flyer" on December 17, 1903, south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904–05, the brothers developed their flying machine to make longer-running and more aerodynamic flights with the Wright Flyer II, followed by the first truly practical fixed-wing aircraft, the Wright Flyer III. The Wright brothers were also the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.


Context: who invented the first aeroplane in the world

Context: The Wright brothers

Question: what are the names of the brothers?

Answer: Wilbur  and Orville.

Explanation: The Wright brothers—Orville (August 19, 1871– January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867– May 30, 1912)—were two American aviation pioneers generally credited with inventing, buildin

Wright brothers [SEP] Introduction


Context: The Wright brothers

Context: what are the names of the brothers?

Context: Wilbur  and Orville.

Question: what are they by profession?

Answer: Aviation pioneers.

Explanation: The Wright brothers—Orville (August 19, 1871– January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867– May 30, 1912)—were two American aviation pioneers generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful motor-operated airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air ai

Wright brothers [SEP] Introduction


Context: The Wright brothers

Context: what are the names of the brothers?

Context: Wilbur  and Orville.

Context: what are they by profession?

Context: Aviation pioneers.

Question: did they have any formal education or degree?

Answer: Both brothers attended high school, but did not receive diplomas.

Wright brothers [SEP] Early career and research

Both brothers attended high school, but did not receive diplomas. The family's abrupt move in 1884 from Richmond, Indiana, to Dayton, Ohio, where the family had lived during the 1870s, prevented Wilbur from receiving his diploma after finishing four years of high school. The diploma was awarded posthumously to Wilbur on April 16, 1994, which would have been his 127th birthday. In late 1885 or early 1886 Wilbur was struck in the face by a hockey stick while playing an ice-skating game with friends, resulting in the loss of his front teeth. He had been vigorous and athletic until then, and although his injuries did not appear especially severe, he became withdrawn.


Context: The Wright brothers

Context: what are the names of the brothers?

Context: Wilbur  and Orville.

Context: what are they by profession?

Context: Aviation pioneers.

Context: did they have any formal education or degree?

Context: Both brothers attended high school, but did not receive diplomas.

Question: were the brothers in any feud with someone?

Answer: Yes, with Samuel Pierpont Langley, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

Wright brothers [SEP] Smithsonian feud

Samuel Pierpont Langley, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution from 1887 until his death in 1906, experimented for years with model flying machines and successfully flew unmanned powered fixed-wing model aircraft in 1896 and 1903. Two tests of his manned full-size motor-driven Aerodrome in October and December 1903, however, were complete failures. Nevertheless, the Smithsonian later proudly displayed the Aerodrome in its museum as the first heavier-than-air craft "capable" of manned powered flight, relegating the Wright brothers' invention to secondary status and triggering a decades-long feud with Orville Wright, whose brother had received help from the Smithsonian when beginning his own quest for flight.


Context: The Wright brothers

Context: what are the names of the brothers?

Context: Wilbur  and Orville.

Context: what are they by profession?

Context: Aviation pioneers.

Context: were the brothers in any feud with someone?

Context: Yes, with Samuel Pierpont Langley, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

Question: what was the feud about?

Answer: Samuel Pierpont Langley, experimented for years with model flying machines and successfully flew unmanned powered fixed-wing model aircraft, but two tests of his manned full-size motor-driven Aerodrome however, were complete failures. Nevertheless, the Smithsonian later proudly displayed the Aerodrome in its museum as the first heavier-than-air craft "capable" of manned powered flight, relegating the Wright brothers' invention to secondary status and triggering a decades-long feud with Orville Wright, whose brother had received help from the Smithsonian when beginning his own quest for flight.

Explanation: Samuel Pierpont Langley, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution from 1887 until his death in 1906, experimented for years with model flying machines and successfully flew unmanned powered fixed-wing model aircraft in 1896 and 1903. Two tests of his manned full-size motor-driven Aerodrome in October and December 1903, however, were complete failures. Nevertheless, the Smithsonian later proudly displayed the Aerodrome in its museum as the first heavier-than-air craft "capable" of manned powered flight, relegating the Wright brothers' invention to secondary status and triggering a decades-long feud with Orville Wright, whose brother had received help from the Smithsonian when beginning his own quest for flight.

Wright brothers [SEP] Smithsonian feud


Context: The Wright brothers

Context: what are the names of the brothers?

Context: Wilbur  and Orville.

Context: what are they by profession?

Context: Aviation pioneers.

Context: what was the feud about?

Context: Samuel Pierpont Langley, experimented for years with model flying machines and successfully flew unmanned powered fixed-wing model aircraft, but two tests of his manned full-size motor-driven Aerodrome however, were complete failures. Nevertheless, the Smithsonian later proudly displayed the Aerodrome in its museum as the first heavier-than-air craft "capable" of manned powered flight, relegating the Wright brothers' invention to secondary status and triggering a decades-long feud with Orville Wright, whose brother had received help from the Smithsonian when beginning his own quest for flight.

Question: who were their competitions?

Answer: Clément Ader, Gustave Whitehead, Richard Pearse, and Karl Jatho.

Wright brothers [SEP] Competing claims

First powered flight claims are made for Clément Ader, Gustave Whitehead, Richard Pearse, and Karl Jatho for their variously documented tests in years prior to and including 1903. Claims that the first true flight occurred after 1903 are made for Traian Vuia and Alberto Santos-Dumont. Supporters of the post-Wright pioneers argue that techniques used by the Wright brothers disqualify them as first to make successful airplane flights. Those techniques were: a launch rail; skids instead of wheels; a headwind at takeoff; and a catapult after 1903. Supporters of the Wright brothers argue that proven, repeated, controlled, and sustained flights by the brothers entitle them to credit as inventors of the airplane, regardless of those techniques.


Context: The Wright brothers

Context: what are the names of the brothers?

Context: Wilbur  and Orville.

Context: what are they by profession?

Context: Aviation pioneers.

Context: what was the feud about?

Context: who were their competitions?

Context: Clément Ader, Gustave Whitehead, Richard Pearse, and Karl Jatho.

Question: name a few inventions of the first person?

Answer: Théâtrophone and a V8 engine.

Clément Ader [SEP] Electrical and mechanical inventions

Ader was an innovator in both electrical and mechanical engineering. He originally studied electrical engineering, and in 1878 improved on the telephone invented by Alexander Graham Bell. After this he established the telephone network in Paris in 1880. In 1881, he invented the théâtrophone, a system of telephonic transmission where listeners received a separate channel for each ear, enabling stereophonic perception of the actors on a set; it was this invention which gave the first stereo transmission of opera performances, over a distance of 2 miles (3 km) in 1881. In 1903, he devised a V8 engine for the Paris–Madrid race, but although three or four were produced, none were sold.


Context: The Wright brothers

Context: what are the names of the brothers?

Context: Wilbur  and Orville.

Context: what are they by profession?

Context: Aviation pioneers.

Context: what was the feud about?

Context: who were their competitions?

Context: name a few inventions of the first person?

Context: Théâtrophone and a V8 engine.

Question: what is the former invention?

Answer: It was a telephonic distribution system available in portions of Europe that allowed the subscribers to listen to opera and theatre performances over the telephone lines

Théâtrophone [SEP] Introduction

Théâtrophone ("the theatre phone") was a telephonic distribution system available in portions of Europe that allowed the subscribers to listen to opera and theatre performances over the telephone lines. The théâtrophone evolved from a Clément Ader invention, which was first demonstrated in 1881, in Paris. Subsequently, in 1890, the invention was commercialized by Compagnie du Théâtrophone, which continued to operate until 1932.


Context: The Wright brothers

Context: what are the names of the brothers?

Context: Wilbur  and Orville.

Context: what are they by profession?

Context: Aviation pioneers.

Context: what was the feud about?

Context: who were their competitions?

Context: Théâtrophone and a V8 engine.

Context: what is the former invention?

Context: It was a telephonic distribution system available in portions of Europe that allowed the subscribers to listen to opera and theatre performances over the telephone lines

Question: are there any similar kinds of systems?

Answer: Yes, Telefon Hírmondó and Electrophone.

Théâtrophone [SEP] Similar systems

Similar systems elsewhere in Europe included Telefon Hírmondó (est. 1893) of Budapest and Electrophone of London (est. 1895). In the United States, the systems similar to théâtrophone were limited to one-off experiments. Erik Barnouw reported a concert by telephone that was organized in the summer of 1890; around 800 people at the Grand Union Hotel in Saratoga listened to a telephonic transmission of "The Charge of the Light Brigade" conducted at Madison Square Garden.


Context: The Wright brothers

Context: what are the names of the brothers?

Context: Wilbur  and Orville.

Context: what are they by profession?

Context: Aviation pioneers.

Context: what was the feud about?

Context: who were their competitions?

Context: Théâtrophone and a V8 engine.

Context: what is the former invention?

Context: are there any similar kinds of systems?

Context: Yes, Telefon Hírmondó and Electrophone.

Question: did the wright brothers own any company?

Answer: Yes, the Wright Company.

Wright brothers [SEP] In business

The Wright Company was incorporated on November 22, 1909. The brothers sold their patents to the company for $100,000 and also received one-third of the shares in a million dollar stock issue and a 10 percent royalty on every airplane sold. With Wilbur as president and Orville as vice president, the company set up a factory in Dayton and a flying school/test flight field at Huffman Prairie; the headquarters office was in New York City. In mid-1910, the Wrights changed the design of the Wright Flyer, moving the horizontal elevator from the front to the back and adding wheels although keeping the skids as part of the undercarriage unit.


Context: The Wright brothers

Context: what are the names of the brothers?

Context: Wilbur  and Orville.

Context: what are they by profession?

Context: Aviation pioneers.

Context: what was the feud about?

Context: who were their competitions?

Context: Théâtrophone and a V8 engine.

Context: what is the former invention?

Context: are there any similar kinds of systems?

Context: Yes, Telefon Hírmondó and Electrophone.

Context: did the wright brothers own any company?

Context: Yes, the Wright Company.

Question: what was the company about?

Answer: Building airplanes.

Explanation: he Wright Company was incorporated on November 22, 1909. The brothers sold their patents to the company for $100,000 and also received one-third of the shares in a million dollar stock issue and a 10 percent royalty on every airplane sold. With Wilbur as president and Orville as vice president, the company set up a factory in Dayton and a flying school/test flight field at Huffman Prairie; the headquarters office was in New York City.

Wright brothers [SEP] In business


Context: The Wright brothers

Context: what are the names of the brothers?

Context: Wilbur  and Orville.

Context: what are they by profession?

Context: Aviation pioneers.

Context: what was the feud about?

Context: who were their competitions?

Context: Théâtrophone and a V8 engine.

Context: what is the former invention?

Context: are there any similar kinds of systems?

Context: Yes, Telefon Hírmondó and Electrophone.

Context: Yes, the Wright Company.

Context: what was the company about?

Context: Building airplanes.

Question: any lawsuit against the brothers?

Answer: Glenn Curtiss and other early aviators devised ailerons to emulate lateral control described in the patent and demonstrated by the Wrights in their public flights. Curtiss refused to pay license fees to the Wrights and sold an airplane equipped with ailerons to the Aeronautic Society of New York in 1909. The Wrights filed a lawsuit, beginning a years-long legal conflict. They also sued foreign aviators who flew at U.S. exhibitions, including the leading French aviator Louis Paulhan.

Wright brothers [SEP] Lawsuits begin

Curtiss refused to pay license fees to the Wrights and sold an airplane equipped with ailerons to the Aeronautic Society of New York in 1909. The Wrights filed a lawsuit, beginning a years-long legal conflict. They also sued foreign aviators who flew at U.S. exhibitions, including the leading French aviator Louis Paulhan. The Curtiss people derisively suggested that if someone jumped in the air and waved his arms, the Wrights would sue.


Question: why does liver failure lead to kidney failure

Answer: Due to "Hepatorenal Syndrome”, a life-threatening medical condition that causes rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure.

Hepatorenal syndrome [SEP] Introduction

Hepatorenal syndrome (often abbreviated HRS) is a life-threatening medical condition that consists of rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure. HRS is usually fatal unless a liver transplant is performed, although various treatments, such as dialysis, can prevent advancement of the condition. HRS can affect individuals with cirrhosis, severe alcoholic hepatitis, or liver failure, and usually occurs when liver function deteriorates rapidly because of a sudden insult such as an infection, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, or overuse of diuretic medications. HRS is a relatively common complication of cirrhosis, occurring in 18% of people within one year of their diagnosis, and in 39% within five years of their diagnosis.


Context: why does liver failure lead to kidney failure

Context: Due to "Hepatorenal Syndrome”, a life-threatening medical condition that causes rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure.

Question: how is it caused?

Answer: It usually affects individuals with cirrhosis and elevated pressures in the portal vein system. It is most common in individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis, particularly if there is concomitant alcoholic hepatitis identifiable on liver biopsies. It can also occur in individuals without cirrhosis, but with acute onset of liver failure, termed fulminant liver failure.

Explanation:
Hepatorenal syndrome usually affects individuals with cirrhosis and elevated pressures in the portal vein system (termed portal hypertension). While HRS may develop in any type of cirrhosis, it is most common in individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis, particularly if there is concomitant alcoholic hepatitis identifiable on liver biopsies. HRS can also occur in individuals without cirrhosis, but with acute onset of liver failure, termed fulminant liver failure.

Certain precipitants of HRS have been identified in vulnerable individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure. These include bacterial infection, acute alcoholic hepatitis, or bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, which is the infection of ascites fluid, is the most common precipitant of HRS in cirrhotic individuals. HRS can sometimes be triggered by treatments for complications of liver disease: iatrogenic precipitants of HRS include the aggressive use of diuretic medications or t

Hepatorenal syndrome [SEP] Causes


Context: how is it caused?

Context: It usually affects individuals with cirrhosis and elevated pressures in the portal vein system. It is most common in individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis, particularly if there is concomitant alcoholic hepatitis identifiable on liver biopsies. It can also occur in individuals without cirrhosis, but with acute onset of liver failure, termed fulminant liver failure.

Question: how is it diagnosed?

Answer: The major criteria include liver disease with portal hypertension, kidney failure, the absence of shock, etc. The minor criteria are a low urine volume, low sodium concentration in the urine, a urine osmolality that is greater than that in the blood, the absence of red blood cells in the urine, and a serum sodium concentration of less than 130 mmol/L.

Explanation:
The major criteria include liver disease with portal hypertension; kidney failure; the absence of shock, infection, recent treatment with medications that affect the function of the kidney (nephrotoxins), and fluid losses; the absence of sustained improvement in kidney function despite treatment with 1.5 litres of intravenous normal saline; the absence of proteinuria (protein in the urine); and, the absence of kidney disease or obstruction of kidney outflow as seen on ultrasound.

The minor criteria are the following: a low urine volume (less than per day), low sodium concentration in the urine, a urine osmolality that is greater than that in the blood, the absence of red blood cells in the urine, and a serum sodium concentration of less than 130 mmol/L.

Hepatorenal syndrome [SEP] Diagnosis

There can be many causes of kidney failure in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure. Consequently, it is a challenge to distinguish hepatorenal syndrome from other entities that cause kidney failure in the setting of advanced liver disease. As a result, additional major and minor criteria have been developed to assist in the diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome. The major criteria include liver disease with portal hypertension; kidney failure; the absence of shock, infection, recent treatment with medications that affect the function of the kidney (nephrotoxins), and fluid losses; the absence of sustained improvement in kidney function despite treatment with 1.5 litres of intravenous normal saline; the absence of proteinuria (protein in the urine); and, the absence of kidney disease or obstruction of kidney outflow as seen on ultrasound.


Context: how is it caused?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: The major criteria include liver disease with portal hypertension, kidney failure, the absence of shock, etc. The minor criteria are a low urine volume, low sodium concentration in the urine, a urine osmolality that is greater than that in the blood, the absence of red blood cells in the urine, and a serum sodium concentration of less than 130 mmol/L.

Question: can you name some of the treatments to cure it?

Answer: A procedure called "Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt".

Hepatorenal syndrome [SEP] Procedural treatments

A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) involves the decompression of the high pressures in the portal circulation by placing a small stent between a portal and hepatic vein. This is done through radiologically guided catheters which are passed into the hepatic vein either through the internal jugular vein or the femoral vein. Theoretically, a decrease in portal pressures is thought to reverse the hemodynamic phenomena that ultimately lead to the development of hepatorenal syndrome. TIPS has been shown to improve kidney function in patients with hepatorenal syndrome. Complications of TIPS for treatment of HRS include the worsening of hepatic encephalopathy (as the procedure involves the forced creation of a porto-systemic shunt, effectively bypassing the ability of the liver to clear toxins), inability to achieve adequate reduction in portal pressure, and bleeding.


Context: how is it caused?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: can you name some of the treatments to cure it?

Context: A procedure called "Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt".

Question: how is this procedure executed?

Answer: An interventional radiologist creates the shunt using an image-guided endovascular approach, with the jugular vein as the usual entry site.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt [SEP] Introduction

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS or TIPSS) is an artificial channel within the liver that establishes communication between the inflow portal vein and the outflow hepatic vein. It is used to treat portal hypertension (which is often due to liver cirrhosis) which frequently leads to intestinal bleeding, life-threatening esophageal bleeding (esophageal varices) and the buildup of fluid within the abdomen (ascites). An interventional radiologist creates the shunt using an image-guided endovascular (via the blood vessels) approach, with the jugular vein as the usual entry site. The procedure was first described by Josef Rösch in 1969 at Oregon Health and Science University.


Context: how is it caused?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: how is this procedure executed?

Context: An interventional radiologist creates the shunt using an image-guided endovascular approach, with the jugular vein as the usual entry site.

Question: is there any complications involved in it?

Answer: A rare but serious complication is persistent TIPS infection, also known as endotipsitis.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt [SEP] Complications

Thus, in people with advanced liver disease the shunting of portal blood away from hepatocytes is usually well tolerated. However, in some cases suddenly shunting portal blood flow away from the liver may result in acute liver failure secondary to hepatic ischemia. Acute hepatic dysfunction after TIPS may require emergent closure of the shunt. A rare but serious complication is persistent TIPS infection, also known as endotipsitis.


Context: how is it caused?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: how is this procedure executed?

Context: is there any complications involved in it?

Context: A rare but serious complication is persistent TIPS infection, also known as endotipsitis.

Question: where else is this procedure used?

Answer: It may also help with "Ascites".

Explanation: It may also help with ascites.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt [SEP] Medical uses

TIPS is a life-saving procedure in bleeding from esophageal or gastric varices. A randomized study showed that the survival is better if the procedure is done within 72 hours after bleeding. TIPS has shown some promise for people with hepatorenal syndrome. It may also help with ascites.


Context: how is it caused?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: how is this procedure executed?

Context: where else is this procedure used?

Context: It may also help with "Ascites".

Question: what is this recently mentioned disease refer to?

Answer: It is the abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen.

Ascites [SEP] Introduction

Ascites is the abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen. Technically, it is more than 25 ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Symptoms may include increased abdominal size, increased weight, abdominal discomfort, and shortness of breath. Complications can include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In the developed world, the most common cause is liver cirrhosis. Other causes include cancer, heart failure, tuberculosis, pancreatitis, and blockage of the hepatic vein. In cirrhosis, the underlying mechanism involves high blood pressure in the portal system and dysfunction of blood vessels. Diagnosis is typically based on an examination together with ultrasound or a CT scan.


Context: how is it caused?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: how is this procedure executed?

Context: where else is this procedure used?

Context: It may also help with "Ascites".

Context: what is this recently mentioned disease refer to?

Context: It is the abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen.

Question: what diet is recommended for it?

Answer: Salt and water restriction should be followed.

Explanation: Salt restriction is the initial treatment, which allows diuresis (production of urine) since the person now has more fluid than salt concentration. Salt restriction is effective in about 15% of these people. Water restriction is needed if serum sodium levels drop below 130 mmol L.

Ascites [SEP] Diet


Context: how is it caused?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: how is this procedure executed?

Context: where else is this procedure used?

Context: It may also help with "Ascites".

Context: what diet is recommended for it?

Context: Salt and water restriction should be followed.

Question: how is it viewed in society?

Answer: It has been suggested that ascites was seen as a punishment especially for oath-breakers among the Proto-Indo-Europeans.

Ascites [SEP] Society and culture

It has been suggested that ascites was seen as a punishment especially for oath-breakers among the Proto-Indo-Europeans. This proposal builds on the Hittite military oath as well as various Vedic hymns (RV 7.89, AVS 4.16.7). A similar curse dates to the Kassite dynasty (12th century BC).


Context: how is it caused?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: how is this procedure executed?

Context: where else is this procedure used?

Context: It may also help with "Ascites".

Context: what diet is recommended for it?

Context: how is it viewed in society?

Context: It has been suggested that ascites was seen as a punishment especially for oath-breakers among the Proto-Indo-Europeans.

Question: what is the culture of this europeans stated above?

Answer: Linguistic reconstruction suggests, that Latin and Sanskrit were the language used by these people. Therefore, they would follow the culture from these areas.

Explanation: Using linguistic reconstruction from old Indo-European languages such as Latin and Sanskrit, hypothetical features of the Proto-Indo-European language are deduced. Assuming that these linguistic features reflect culture and environment of the Proto-Indo-Europeans, the following cultural and environmental traits are widely proposed:

Proto-Indo-Europeans [SEP] Culture


Context: how is it caused?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: how is this procedure executed?

Context: where else is this procedure used?

Context: It may also help with "Ascites".

Context: what diet is recommended for it?

Context: how is it viewed in society?

Context: what is the culture of this europeans stated above?

Context: Linguistic reconstruction suggests, that Latin and Sanskrit were the language used by these people. Therefore, they would follow the culture from these areas.

Question: how do they look like?

Answer: Some of them were genetically tall, overwhelmingly dark-eyed, dark-haired and had a skin colour that was moderately light, though somewhat darker than that of the average modern European.

Explanation: The genetic basis of a number of physical features of the proto-Indo-European people were ascertained by the ancient DNA studies conducted by Haak "et al." (2015), Wilde "et al." (2014) and Mathieson "et al." (2015): at least some of them were genetically tall (phenotypic height is determined by both genetics and environmental factors), overwhelmingly dark-eyed (brown), dark-haired and had a skin colour that was moderately light, though somewhat darker than that of the average modern European.

Proto-Indo-Europeans [SEP] Physical appearance


Context: how is it caused?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: how is this procedure executed?

Context: where else is this procedure used?

Context: It may also help with "Ascites".

Context: what diet is recommended for it?

Context: how is it viewed in society?

Context: how do they look like?

Context: Some of them were genetically tall, overwhelmingly dark-eyed, dark-haired and had a skin colour that was moderately light, though somewhat darker than that of the average modern European.

Question: what does the iranian hypothesis say about them?

Answer: It supports the "Indo-Hittite" hypothesis, which suggests that both “Proto-Anatolian" and “Proto-Indo-European" split-off from a common mother language, no later than the 4th millennium BCE.

Proto-Indo-Europeans [SEP] Iranian/Armenian hypothesis

Recent DNA-research has led to renewed suggestions of a Caucasian homeland for the 'proto-Indo-Europeans'. According to Kroonen et al. (2018), Damgaard et al. (2018) ancient Anatolia "show no indication of a large-scale intrusion of a steppe population." They further note that this lends support to the Indo-Hittite hypothesis, according to which both proto-Anatolian and proto-Indo-European split-off from a common mother language "no later than the 4th millennium BCE." Haak et al. (2015) states that "the Armenian plateau hypothesis gains in plausibility" since the Yamnaya partly descended from a Near Eastern population, which resembles present-day Armenians." Wang et al. (2018) note that the Caucasus served as a corridor for gene flow between the steppe and cultures south of the Caucasus during the Eneolithic and the Bronze Age, stating that this "opens up the possibility of a homeland of PIE south of the Caucasus." However, Wang et al.


Question: under henry 11 two key features of british law emerged and are still with us today

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

England in the Middle Ages [SEP] Introduction

England in the Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the medieval period, from the end of the 5th century through to the start of the Early Modern period in 1485. When England emerged from the collapse of the Roman Empire, the economy was in tatters and many of the towns abandoned. After several centuries of Germanic immigration, new identities and cultures began to emerge, developing into kingdoms that competed for power. A rich artistic culture flourished under the Anglo-Saxons, producing epic poems such as "Beowulf" and sophisticated metalwork. The Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity in the 7th century and a network of monasteries and convents was built across England.


Context: under henry 11 two key features of british law emerged and are still with us today

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Question: what are the start and end dates for this mentioned period in this country?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


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Context: what are the start and end dates for this mentioned period in this country?

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Question: what date commences the beginning of the early middle ages in this country?

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Context: what date commences the beginning of the early middle ages in this country?

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Question: what date marks the end of the late middle ages in this country?

Answer: Year 1485

Explanation: The resulting Wars of the Roses saw a savage escalation of violence between the noble leaderships of both sides: captured enemies were executed and family lands attainted. By the time that Henry VII took the throne in 1485, England's governmental and social structures had been substantially weakened, with whole noble lines extinguished.

England in the Middle Ages [SEP] Late Middle Ages (1272–1485)

Their influence was exerted both through the House of Lords at Parliament and through the king's council. The gentry and wealthier townsmen exercised increasing influence through the House of Commons, opposing raising taxes to pay for the French wars. By the 1430s and 1440s the English government was in major financial difficulties, leading to the crisis of 1450 and a popular revolt under the leadership of Jack Cade. Law and order deteriorated, and the crown was unable to intervene in the factional fighting between different nobles and their followers. The resulting Wars of the Roses saw a savage escalation of violence between the noble leaderships of both sides: captured enemies were executed and family lands attainted.


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Context: what date marks the end of the late middle ages in this country?

Context: Year 1485

Question: was there an epidemic that took place in england during the middle ages?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

On becoming king in 1272, Edward I reestablished royal power, overhauling the royal finances and appealing to the broader English elite by using Parliament to authorise the raising of new taxes and to hear petitions concerning abuses of local governance. This political balance collapsed under Edward II and savage civil wars broke out during the 1320s. Edward III restored order once more with the help of a majority of the nobility, exercising power through the exchequer, the common bench and the royal household. This government was better organised and on a larger scale than ever before, and by the 14th century the king's formerly peripatetic chancery had to take up permanent residence in Westminster.


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Context: Year 1485

Context: was there an epidemic that took place in england during the middle ages?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: any prominent rulers who ruled this country during this period?

Answer: Norman and William the Conqueror

In the 8th and 9th centuries England faced fierce Viking attacks, and the fighting lasted for many decades, eventually establishing Wessex as the most powerful kingdom and promoting the growth of an English identity. Despite repeated crises of succession and a Danish seizure of power at the start of the 11th century, it can also be argued that by the 1060s England was a powerful, centralised state with a strong military and successful economy. The Norman invasion of England in 1066 led to the defeat and replacement of the Anglo-Saxon elite with Norman and French nobles and their supporters. William the Conqueror and his successors took over the existing state system, repressing local revolts and controlling the population through a network of castles.