Context: Tom Hardy

Context: was it a television series?

Context: No, a  superhero film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Christopher Nolan

Context: Batman

Context: who created the character?

Context: has it appeared in any other movie?

Context: when was the third movie released?

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Beijing

Context: who all were casted for this?

Context: Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, Ray Fisher, Amy Adams, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J. K. Simmons.

Question: which character was played by the second mentioned actor?

Answer: Superman

Henry Cavill [SEP] Introduction

Henry Cavill (; born 5 May 1983) is a British actor. He is known for his portrayal of the DC Comics character Superman in the DC Extended Universe, Geralt of Rivia in the Netflix fantasy series "The Witcher" (2019–present), as well as Sherlock Holmes in the Netflix Original "Enola Holmes" (2020). Cavill began his career with roles in the feature adaptations of "The Count of Monte Cristo" (2002) and "I Capture the Castle" (2003). He later appeared in supporting roles in several television series, including BBC's "The Inspector Lynley Mysteries", ITV's "Midsomer Murders", and Showtime's "The Tudors". He has since appeared in numerous major Hollywood films, such as "Tristan & Isolde" (2006), "Stardust" (2007), "Blood Creek" (2009), and "Immortals" (2011).


Context: who played bane in the dark knight rises

Context: Tom Hardy

Context: was it a television series?

Context: No, a  superhero film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Christopher Nolan

Context: which character does the story revolve around?

Context: Batman

Context: who created the character?

Context: It is  based on the DC Comics character.

Context: has it appeared in any other movie?

Context: Yes, in "Batman Begins" ,  "The Dark Knight",  "Justice League"

Context: when was the third movie released?

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Beijing

Context: who all were casted for this?

Context: which character was played by the second mentioned actor?

Context: Superman

Question: was this his debut movie?

Answer: No, but "The Count of Monte Cristo".

Explanation: Cavill began his career with roles in the feature adaptations of "The Count of Monte Cristo" (2002)

Henry Cavill [SEP] Introduction


Context: Tom Hardy

Context: was it a television series?

Context: No, a  superhero film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Christopher Nolan

Context: Batman

Context: who created the character?

Context: has it appeared in any other movie?

Context: when was the third movie released?

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Beijing

Context: who all were casted for this?

Context: Superman

Context: was this his debut movie?

Context: No, but "The Count of Monte Cristo".

Question: what was it's genre?

Answer: It is a historical adventure film.

Explanation: historical adventure film

The Count of Monte Cristo (2002 film) [SEP] Introduction

The Count of Monte Cristo is a 2002 American historical adventure film that is an adaptation of the 1844 novel of the same name by Alexandre Dumas. It was produced by Roger Birnbaum, Gary Barber, and Jonathan Glickman and directed by Kevin Reynolds, and stars Jim Caviezel, Guy Pearce, and Richard Harris. It follows the general plot of the novel, with the main storyline of imprisonment and revenge preserved, but many elements, including the relationships between major characters and the ending, were modified, simplified, added, or removed. The film was met with generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $75 million.


Context: Tom Hardy

Context: was it a television series?

Context: No, a  superhero film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Christopher Nolan

Context: Batman

Context: who created the character?

Context: has it appeared in any other movie?

Context: when was the third movie released?

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Beijing

Context: who all were casted for this?

Context: Superman

Context: was this his debut movie?

Context: No, but "The Count of Monte Cristo".

Context: what was it's genre?

Context: It is a historical adventure film.

Question: is it translated to any other language?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Tom Hardy

Context: was it a television series?

Context: No, a  superhero film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Christopher Nolan

Context: Batman

Context: who created the character?

Context: has it appeared in any other movie?

Context: when was the third movie released?

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Beijing

Context: who all were casted for this?

Context: Superman

Context: was this his debut movie?

Context: No, but "The Count of Monte Cristo".

Context: what was it's genre?

Context: It is a historical adventure film.

Context: is it translated to any other language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: was it adapted from any other form of art?

Answer: Yes, it is an adaptation of the 1844 novel of the same name

Explanation: The Count of Monte Cristo is a 2002 American historical adventure film that is an adaptation of the 1844 novel of the same name


Context: Tom Hardy

Context: was it a television series?

Context: No, a  superhero film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Christopher Nolan

Context: Batman

Context: who created the character?

Context: has it appeared in any other movie?

Context: when was the third movie released?

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Beijing

Context: who all were casted for this?

Context: Superman

Context: was this his debut movie?

Context: No, but "The Count of Monte Cristo".

Context: what was it's genre?

Context: It is a historical adventure film.

Context: is it translated to any other language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was it adapted from any other form of art?

Context: Yes, it is an adaptation of the 1844 novel of the same name

Question: who wrote it?

Answer: Alexandre Dumas

The Count of Monte Cristo [SEP] Introduction

The Count of Monte Cristo () is an adventure novel written by French author Alexandre Dumas ("père") completed in 1844. It is one of the author's more popular works, along with "The Three Musketeers". Like many of his novels, it was expanded from plot outlines suggested by his collaborating ghostwriter Auguste Maquet. The story takes place in France, Italy, and islands in the Mediterranean during the historical events of 1815–1839: the era of the Bourbon Restoration through the reign of Louis-Philippe of France. It begins on the day that Napoleon left his first island of exile, Elba, beginning the Hundred Days period when Napoleon returned to power.


Context: Tom Hardy

Context: was it a television series?

Context: No, a  superhero film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Christopher Nolan

Context: Batman

Context: who created the character?

Context: has it appeared in any other movie?

Context: when was the third movie released?

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Beijing

Context: who all were casted for this?

Context: Superman

Context: was this his debut movie?

Context: No, but "The Count of Monte Cristo".

Context: what was it's genre?

Context: It is a historical adventure film.

Context: is it translated to any other language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Alexandre Dumas

Question: can you name any other work he has done?

Answer: "The Three Musketeers"

Explanation: It is one of the author's more popular works, along with "The Three Musketeers"


Context: Tom Hardy

Context: was it a television series?

Context: No, a  superhero film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Christopher Nolan

Context: Batman

Context: who created the character?

Context: has it appeared in any other movie?

Context: when was the third movie released?

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Beijing

Context: who all were casted for this?

Context: Superman

Context: was this his debut movie?

Context: No, but "The Count of Monte Cristo".

Context: what was it's genre?

Context: It is a historical adventure film.

Context: is it translated to any other language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Alexandre Dumas

Context: can you name any other work he has done?

Context: "The Three Musketeers"

Question: where did he belong to?

Answer: Picardy, France.

Alexandre Dumas [SEP] Early life

Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie (later known as Alexandre Dumas) was born in 1802 in Villers-Cotterêts in the department of Aisne, in Picardy, France. He had two older sisters, Marie-Alexandrine (born 1794) and Louise-Alexandrine (1796–1797). Their parents were Marie-Louise Élisabeth Labouret, the daughter of an innkeeper, and Thomas-Alexandre Dumas. Thomas-Alexandre had been born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), the mixed-race, natural son of the marquis Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, a French nobleman and "général commissaire" in the artillery of the colony, and Marie-Cessette Dumas, an enslaved woman of Afro-Caribbean ancestry. At the time of Thomas-Alexandre's birth, his father was impoverished.


Context: Tom Hardy

Context: was it a television series?

Context: No, a  superhero film

Context: who directed it?

Context: Christopher Nolan

Context: Batman

Context: who created the character?

Context: has it appeared in any other movie?

Context: when was the third movie released?

Context: where was it premiered?

Context: Beijing

Context: who all were casted for this?

Context: Superman

Context: was this his debut movie?

Context: No, but "The Count of Monte Cristo".

Context: what was it's genre?

Context: It is a historical adventure film.

Context: is it translated to any other language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Alexandre Dumas

Context: "The Three Musketeers"

Context: where did he belong to?

Context: Picardy, France.

Question: when was he born?

Answer: 1802

Alexandre Dumas [SEP] Early life


Question: define unit of force using second law of motion

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Force [SEP] Introduction

In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. It is measured in the SI unit of newtons and represented by the symbol F. The original form of Newton's second law states that the net force acting upon an object is equal to the rate at which its momentum changes with time.


Context: define unit of force using second law of motion

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how does one define force?

Answer: It is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.

Explanation: In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.

Force [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how does one define force?

Context: It is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.

Question: who was the first to define it?

Answer: The models regarding this were proposed by early thinkers which were corrected by Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and Einstein.

Explanation: . Most of the previous misunderstandings about motion and force were eventually corrected by Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton. With his mathematical insight, Sir Isaac Newton formulated laws of motion that were not improved for nearly three hundred years. By the early 20th century, Einstein

Force [SEP] Development of the concept

By the early 20th century, Einstein developed a theory of relativity that correctly predicted the action of forces on objects with increasing momenta near the speed of light, and also provided insight into the forces produced by gravitation and inertia. With modern insights into quantum mechanics and technology that can accelerate particles close to the speed of light, particle physics has devised a Standard Model to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms. The Standard Model predicts that exchanged particles called gauge bosons are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed. Only four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how does one define force?

Context: who was the first to define it?

Context: The models regarding this were proposed by early thinkers which were corrected by Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and Einstein.

Question: where is the first person from?

Answer: Pisa (then part of the Duchy of Florence), Italy.

Galileo Galilei [SEP] Early life and family

Galileo was born in Pisa (then part of the Duchy of Florence), Italy, on 15 February 1564, the first of six children of Vincenzo Galilei, a lutenist, composer, and music theorist, and Giulia Ammannati, who had married in 1562. Galileo became an accomplished lutenist himself and would have learned early from his father a scepticism for established authority, the value of well-measured or quantified experimentation, an appreciation for a periodic or musical measure of time or rhythm, as well as the results expected from a combination of mathematics and experiment. Three of Galileo's five siblings survived infancy. The youngest, Michelangelo (or Michelagnolo), also became a lutenist and composer although he contributed to financial burdens during Galileo's young adulthood.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how does one define force?

Context: who was the first to define it?

Context: where is the first person from?

Context: Pisa (then part of the Duchy of Florence), Italy.

Question: what is his profession?

Answer: An astronomer, physicist and engineer.

Explanation: Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath, from Pisa.

Galileo Galilei [SEP] Introduction

His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the observation of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, the observation of Saturn's rings, and the analysis of sunspots. Galileo's championing of heliocentrism and Copernicanism met with opposition from within the Catholic Church and from some astronomers. The matter was investigated by the Roman Inquisition in 1615, which concluded that heliocentrism was "foolish and absurd in philosophy, and formally heretical since it explicitly contradicts in many places the sense of Holy Scripture".


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how does one define force?

Context: who was the first to define it?

Context: where is the first person from?

Context: what is his profession?

Context: An astronomer, physicist and engineer.

Question: who was he married to?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Galileo Galilei [SEP] Introduction

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath, from Pisa. Galileo has been called the "father of observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of the scientific method", and the "father of modern science". Galileo studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology, describing the properties of pendulums and "hydrostatic balances", inventing the thermoscope and various military compasses, and using the telescope for scientific observations of celestial objects.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how does one define force?

Context: who was the first to define it?

Context: where is the first person from?

Context: what is his profession?

Context: An astronomer, physicist and engineer.

Context: who was he married to?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when did he start his career as a scientist?

Answer: After accidentally attending a lecture on geometry.

Galileo Galilei [SEP] Career as a scientist

It was not until the work of Christiaan Huygens, almost one hundred years later, that the tautochrone nature of a swinging pendulum was used to create an accurate timepiece. Up to this point, Galileo had deliberately been kept away from mathematics, since a physician earned a higher income than a mathematician. However, after accidentally attending a lecture on geometry, he talked his reluctant father into letting him study mathematics and natural philosophy instead of medicine. He created a thermoscope, a forerunner of the thermometer, and, in 1586, published a small book on the design of a hydrostatic balance he had invented (which first brought him to the attention of the scholarly world).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how does one define force?

Context: who was the first to define it?

Context: where is the first person from?

Context: what is his profession?

Context: An astronomer, physicist and engineer.

Context: who was he married to?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when did he start his career as a scientist?

Context: After accidentally attending a lecture on geometry.

Question: what did the first law state about the former reaction?

Answer: Newton's First Law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force (resultant force).

Force [SEP] First law

Newton's First Law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force (resultant force). This law is an extension of Galileo's insight that constant velocity was associated with a lack of net force (see a more detailed description of this below). Newton proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia that functions as the fundamental equilibrium "natural state" in place of the Aristotelian idea of the "natural state of rest". That is, Newton's empirical First Law contradicts the intuitive Aristotelian belief that a net force is required to keep an object moving with constant velocity.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how does one define force?

Context: who was the first to define it?

Context: where is the first person from?

Context: what is his profession?

Context: An astronomer, physicist and engineer.

Context: who was he married to?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what did the first law state about the former reaction?

Context: Newton's First Law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force (resultant force).

Question: how is the second last force mentioned used?

Answer: Along with a pure torque it is used to replace a system of forces acting on a rigid body.

Net force [SEP] Usage

In general, a system of forces acting on a rigid body can always be replaced by one force plus one pure (see previous section) torque. The force is the net force, but to calculate the additional torque, the net force must be assigned the line of action. The line of action can be selected arbitrarily, but the additional pure torque depends on this choice. In a special case, it is possible to find such line of action that this additional torque is zero. The resultant force and torque can be determined for any configuration of forces. However, an interesting special case is a torque-free resultant.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how does one define force?

Context: who was the first to define it?

Context: where is the first person from?

Context: what is his profession?

Context: An astronomer, physicist and engineer.

Context: who was he married to?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how is the second last force mentioned used?

Context: Along with a pure torque it is used to replace a system of forces acting on a rigid body.

Question: does the former reaction also consists of nuclear?

Answer: Yes, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force.

Force [SEP] Strong nuclear

There are two "nuclear forces", which today are usually described as interactions that take place in quantum theories of particle physics. The strong nuclear force is the force responsible for the structural integrity of atomic nuclei while the weak nuclear force is responsible for the decay of certain nucleons into leptons and other types of hadrons. The strong force is today understood to represent the interactions between quarks and gluons as detailed by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The strong force is the fundamental force mediated by gluons, acting upon quarks, antiquarks, and the gluons themselves. The (aptly named) strong interaction is the "strongest" of the four fundamental forces.


Question: who played michael myers in the rob zombie halloween movie

Answer: Tyler Mane

Halloween (2007 film) [SEP] Introduction

Halloween is a 2007 American slasher film written, directed, and produced by Rob Zombie. The film is a remake/reimagining of the 1978 horror film of the same name and the ninth installment in the "Halloween" franchise. The film stars Tyler Mane as the adult Michael Myers, Malcolm McDowell as Dr. Sam Loomis, Scout Taylor-Compton as Laurie Strode, and Daeg Faerch as the young Michael Myers. Rob Zombie's "reimagining" follows the premise of John Carpenter's original, with Michael Myers stalking Laurie Strode and her friends on Halloween night. Zombie's film goes deeper into the character's psyche, trying to answer the question of what drove him to kill people, whereas in Carpenter's original film Michael did not have an explicit reason for killing.


Context: who played michael myers in the rob zombie halloween movie

Context: Tyler Mane

Question: who is the director of this film?

Answer: Rob Zombie

Explanation: Halloween is a 2007 American slasher film written, directed, and produced by Rob Zombie.


Context: Tyler Mane

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Rob Zombie

Question: who is the aforesaid actor?

Answer: Daryl Karolat is a Canadian character actor and retired professional wrestler, better known by the name Tyler Mane.

Explanation: Daryl Karolat (born December 8, 1966) is a Canadian character actor and retired professional wrestler, better known by the name Tyler Mane. He is known for playing Sabretooth in "X-Men", Ajax in "Troy", and Michael Myers in the remake of "Halloween" and its sequel "Halloween II".

Tyler Mane [SEP] Introduction


Context: Tyler Mane

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Rob Zombie

Context: who is the aforesaid actor?

Context: Daryl Karolat is a Canadian character actor and retired professional wrestler, better known by the name Tyler Mane.

Question: where is this actor from?

Answer: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Tyler Mane [SEP] Professional wrestling career

Born and raised in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan he graduated from City Park Collegiate Institute. As a teenager, Karolat travelled to Calgary, where he trained briefly with Stu Hart. He later began training with Red Bastien in 1986, and completed further training with Mando Guerrero. Mane began his career in 1986 under the name "Skywalker Nitron" in his native Canada.In 1987 He wreslted as Skyhigh Lee in Pacific Northwest Wrestling (Portland),billed from California. In 1987, he wrestled in South Africa, which resulted in an invitation to wrestle for Joint Promotions in the United Kingdom, where he arrived in November. The following year, he toured New Japan Pro Wrestling as "Gully Gaspar", alongside Billy and Barry as a bunch of hockey-masked pirates managed by KY Wakamatsu.


Context: Tyler Mane

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Rob Zombie

Context: who is the aforesaid actor?

Context: where is this actor from?

Context: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Question: did he pursue anything other than this career?

Answer: Yes - Professional wrestling career.

Tyler Mane [SEP] Introduction


Context: Tyler Mane

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Rob Zombie

Context: who is the aforesaid actor?

Context: where is this actor from?

Context: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Context: did he pursue anything other than this career?

Context: Yes - Professional wrestling career.

Question: did he get married?

Answer: Yes - he  previously married Jean Goertz. He married actress Renae Geerlings in 2007.

Explanation: Mane was previously married to Jean Goertz from 1988 to 2003. He married actress Renae Geerlings in 2007.

Tyler Mane [SEP] Personal life


Context: Tyler Mane

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Rob Zombie

Context: who is the aforesaid actor?

Context: where is this actor from?

Context: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Context: Yes - Professional wrestling career.

Context: did he get married?

Context: Yes - he  previously married Jean Goertz. He married actress Renae Geerlings in 2007.

Question: who is the latter mentioned?

Answer: An American actress, singer, writer, film producer and comic editor.

Explanation: Renae Geerlings (born November 4, 1974) is an American actress, singer, writer, film producer and comic editor. She is best known for starring in the 2009 horror remake "Halloween II" as well as the supernatural thriller "Compound Fracture", which she also co-wrote and produced.

Renae Geerlings [SEP] Introduction


Context: Tyler Mane

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Rob Zombie

Context: who is the aforesaid actor?

Context: where is this actor from?

Context: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Context: Yes - Professional wrestling career.

Context: did he get married?

Context: who is the latter mentioned?

Context: An American actress, singer, writer, film producer and comic editor.

Question: what was her private life like?

Answer: Geerlings has been married to actor and former wrestler Tyler Mane since 2007.

Explanation: Geerlings has been married to actor and former wrestler Tyler Mane since 2007.

Renae Geerlings [SEP] Personal life


Context: Tyler Mane

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Rob Zombie

Context: who is the aforesaid actor?

Context: where is this actor from?

Context: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Context: Yes - Professional wrestling career.

Context: did he get married?

Context: who is the latter mentioned?

Context: what was her private life like?

Context: Geerlings has been married to actor and former wrestler Tyler Mane since 2007.

Question: how did she begin her career?

Answer: She became an editor for Top Cow Comics in 1996, working on various titles such as Battle of the Planets, Tomb Raider and Witchblade.

Renae Geerlings [SEP] Career

Geerlings became an editor for Top Cow Comics in 1996, working on various titles such as Battle of the Planets, Tomb Raider and Witchblade. In 2005, she appeared in a segment of "America's Most Wanted" followed by a role in the short film, "Blame" (2006). Also in 2006, she was promoted to Editor-in-Chief at Top Cow before leaving the company the following year. She currently works at Darby Pop Publishing. In 2009, she appeared as Deputy Gwynne in Rob Zombie's remake of "Halloween II" (2009), also co-starring her husband Tyler Mane. Despite mixed reviews, the film was a commercial success when released on August 28, 2009.


Context: Tyler Mane

Context: who is the director of this film?

Context: Rob Zombie

Context: who is the aforesaid actor?

Context: where is this actor from?

Context: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Context: Yes - Professional wrestling career.

Context: did he get married?

Context: who is the latter mentioned?

Context: what was her private life like?

Context: how did she begin her career?

Context: She became an editor for Top Cow Comics in 1996, working on various titles such as Battle of the Planets, Tomb Raider and Witchblade.

Question: what is the first mentioned comic about?

Answer: An American adaptation of the Japanese anime series "Science Ninja Team Gatchaman" (1972)

Battle of the Planets [SEP] Introduction

Battle of the Planets is an American adaptation of the Japanese anime series "Science Ninja Team Gatchaman" (1972). Of the 105 original "Gatchaman" episodes, 85 were used in the "Battle of the Planets" adaptation, produced by Sandy Frank Entertainment. The adaptation was generally faithful to the plot and character development of the original "Gatchaman" series, but significant additions and reductions were made in order to increase appeal to the North American television market of the late 1970s, as well as avoid controversy from parents; these included the removal of elements of graphic violence and profanity. As of June 2013, Sentai Filmworks have licensed the "Gatchaman" franchise.


Question: what is cannon?

Answer: It is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, and usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant.

Cannon [SEP] Introduction

A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, and usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. In the past, black gunpowder was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during the late 19th century. Cannon vary in gauge, effective range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the battlefield. The word "cannon" is derived from several languages, in which the original definition can usually be translated as "tube", "cane", or "reed". In the modern era, the term "cannon" has fallen into decline, replaced by "guns" or "artillery" if not a more specific term such as howitzer or mortar, except for high-caliber automatic weapons firing bigger rounds than machine guns, called autocannons.


Context: what is cannon?

Context: It is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, and usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant.

Question: where did it get the name from?

Answer: Old Italian word "cannone", meaning "large tube", which came from Latin "canna", in turn originating from the Greek ("kanna"), "reed".

Cannon [SEP] Etymology and terminology

"Cannon" is derived from the Old Italian word "cannone", meaning "large tube", which came from Latin "canna", in turn originating from the Greek κάννα ("kanna"), "reed", and then generalised to mean any hollow tube-like object; cognate with Akkadian "qanu(m)" and Hebrew "qāneh", "tube, reed". The word has been used to refer to a gun since 1326 in Italy, and 1418 in England. Both "cannons" and "cannon" are correct and in common usage, with one or the other having preference in different parts of the English-speaking world. "Cannons" is more common in North America and Australia, while "cannon" as plural is more common in the United Kingdom.


Context: what is cannon?

Context: where did it get the name from?

Context: Old Italian word "cannone", meaning "large tube", which came from Latin "canna", in turn originating from the Greek ("kanna"), "reed".

Question: which all countries use this?

Answer: Widespread throughout Eurasia.

Cannon [SEP] Introduction

The word "cannon" can be both singular and plural. The earliest known depiction of cannon appeared in Song dynasty China as early as the 12th century; however, solid archaeological and documentary evidence of cannon do not appear until the 13th century. In 1288 Yuan dynasty troops are recorded to have used hand cannon in combat, and the earliest extant cannon bearing a date of production comes from the same period. By the early 14th century, depictions of cannon had appeared in the Middle East and Europe, and almost immediately recorded usage of cannon began appearing. By the end of the 14th century cannon were widespread throughout Eurasia.


Context: what is cannon?

Context: where did it get the name from?

Context: which all countries use this?

Context: Widespread throughout Eurasia.

Question: what are the main parts of it?

Answer: A truncated cone with an internal cylindrical bore for holding an explosive charge and a projectile.

Cannon [SEP] Materials, parts, and terms

Cannon in general have the form of a truncated cone with an internal cylindrical bore for holding an explosive charge and a projectile. The thickest, strongest, and closed part of the cone is located near the explosive charge. As any explosive charge will dissipate in all directions equally, the thickest portion of the cannon is useful for containing and directing this force. The backward motion of the cannon as its projectile leaves the bore is termed its recoil and the effectiveness of the cannon can be measured in terms of how much this response can be diminished, though obviously diminishing recoil through increasing the overall mass of the cannon means decreased mobility.


Context: what is cannon?

Context: where did it get the name from?

Context: which all countries use this?

Context: Widespread throughout Eurasia.

Context: what are the main parts of it?

Context: A truncated cone with an internal cylindrical bore for holding an explosive charge and a projectile.

Question: how is it related to pop-culture?

Answer: The sounds are used in classical pieces with a military theme.

Cannon [SEP] In popular culture

Cannon sounds have sometimes been used in classical pieces with a military theme. One of the best known examples of such a piece is Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "1812 Overture". The overture is to be performed using an artillery section together with the orchestra, resulting in noise levels high enough that musicians are required to wear ear protection. The cannon fire simulates Russian artillery bombardments of the Battle of Borodino, a critical battle in Napoleon's invasion of Russia, whose defeat the piece celebrates. When the overture was first performed, the cannon were fired by an electric current triggered by the conductor.


Context: what is cannon?

Context: where did it get the name from?

Context: which all countries use this?

Context: Widespread throughout Eurasia.

Context: what are the main parts of it?

Context: how is it related to pop-culture?

Context: The sounds are used in classical pieces with a military theme.

Question: was it used any movie?

Answer: No, it was used in songs and concerts.

Explanation: Cannon sounds have sometimes been used in classical pieces with a military theme. One of the best known examples of such a piece is Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "1812 Overture". T

Cannon [SEP] In popular culture


Context: what is cannon?

Context: where did it get the name from?

Context: which all countries use this?

Context: Widespread throughout Eurasia.

Context: what are the main parts of it?

Context: how is it related to pop-culture?

Context: was it used any movie?

Context: No, it was used in songs and concerts.

Question: which live concert was it a part of?

Answer: 1812 Overture.

Explanation: One of the best known examples of such a piece is Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "1812 Overture".

Cannon [SEP] In popular culture


Context: what is cannon?

Context: where did it get the name from?

Context: which all countries use this?

Context: Widespread throughout Eurasia.

Context: what are the main parts of it?

Context: how is it related to pop-culture?

Context: was it used any movie?

Context: No, it was used in songs and concerts.

Context: which live concert was it a part of?

Context: 1812 Overture.

Question: where did they do their first performance?

Answer: Moscow.

1812 Overture [SEP] Introduction

The Year 1812 Solemn Overture, Op. 49, popularly known as the 1812 Overture, is a concert overture in E major written in 1880 by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to commemorate the successful Russian defense against Napoleon's invading Grande Armée in 1812. The overture debuted in Moscow on 20 August 1882, conducted by Ippolit Al'tani under a tent near the then-unfinished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, which also memorialized the 1812 defense of Russia. Tchaikovsky himself conducted another performance at the dedication of Carnegie Hall in New York City. That was one of the first times a major European composer visited the United States.


Context: what is cannon?

Context: where did it get the name from?

Context: which all countries use this?

Context: Widespread throughout Eurasia.

Context: what are the main parts of it?

Context: how is it related to pop-culture?

Context: was it used any movie?

Context: No, it was used in songs and concerts.

Context: which live concert was it a part of?

Context: 1812 Overture.

Context: where did they do their first performance?

Context: Moscow.

Question: what in history did actually lead them to make this happen?

Answer: To commemorate the successful Russian defense against Napoleon's invading Grande Armée.

Explanation: sian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to commemorate the successful Russian defense against Napoleon's invading Grande Armée in 1812.

1812 Overture [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is cannon?

Context: where did it get the name from?

Context: which all countries use this?

Context: Widespread throughout Eurasia.

Context: what are the main parts of it?

Context: how is it related to pop-culture?

Context: was it used any movie?

Context: No, it was used in songs and concerts.

Context: which live concert was it a part of?

Context: 1812 Overture.

Context: Moscow.

Context: what in history did actually lead them to make this happen?

Context: To commemorate the successful Russian defense against Napoleon's invading Grande Armée.

Question: when did it take place?

Answer: 1812.

Explanation: to commemorate the successful Russian defense against Napoleon's invading Grande Armée in 1812.

1812 Overture [SEP] Introduction


Question: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Answer: In the sixth episode of the second season of "The Walking Dead"

Secrets (The Walking Dead) [SEP] Introduction

"Secrets" is the sixth episode of the second season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series "The Walking Dead". It originally aired on AMC in the United States on November 20, 2011. In this episode, Glenn (Steven Yeun) tells Dale Horvath (Jeffrey DeMunn) that Lori Grimes (Sarah Wayne Callies) is pregnant and there are numerous walkers in the Greene barn. Dale confronts Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson) about hoarding walkers in his barn. Meanwhile, Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) attempts to teach Andrea (Laurie Holden) how to use weapons and Lori agonizes over the decision to terminate her pregnancy or keep the baby.


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: In the sixth episode of the second season of "The Walking Dead"

Question: when was the episode aired?

Answer: November 20, 2011

Explanation: "The Walking Dead". It originally aired on AMC in the United States on November 20, 2011


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Question: who are the other characters in this series?

Answer: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Explanation: In this episode, Glenn (Steven Yeun) tells Dale Horvath (Jeffrey DeMunn) that Lori Grimes (Sarah Wayne Callies) is pregnant and there are numerous walkers in the Greene barn. Dale confronts Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson) about hoarding walkers in his barn. Meanwhile, Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) attempts to teach Andrea (Laurie Holden) how to use weapons and Lori agonizes over the decision to terminate her pregnancy or keep the baby.


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: who are the other characters in this series?

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Question: who played these characters?

Answer: Steven Yeun, Jeffrey DeMunn, Scott Wilson, Jon Bernthal)

Explanation: Glenn (Steven Yeun) tells Dale Horvath (Jeffrey DeMunn) that Lori Grimes (Sarah Wayne Callies) is pregnant and there are numerous walkers in the Greene barn. Dale confronts Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson) about hoarding walkers in his barn. Meanwhile, Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) attempts to teach Andrea (Laurie Holden) how to use weapons and Lori agonizes over the decision to terminate her pregnancy or keep the baby.


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: Steven Yeun, Jeffrey DeMunn, Scott Wilson, Jon Bernthal)

Question: is the last actor involved in charity?

Answer: Yes, Bernthal and his brother Nicholas run the nonprofit organization Drops Fill Buckets, described as an "impact-driven, entrepreneurial approach to making a difference".

Jon Bernthal [SEP] Charity and advocacy

Bernthal and his brother Nicholas run the nonprofit organization Drops Fill Buckets, described as an "impact-driven, entrepreneurial approach to making a difference". Bernthal is also an advocate of pit bull ownership and is a spokesperson for the Animal Farm Foundation, which rescues and promotes the equal treatment of pit bulls. He has three pit bulls of his own who often accompany him to set; two of them, Boss and Venice, made appearances in his 2012 film "Rampart".


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: is the last actor involved in charity?

Context: Yes, Bernthal and his brother Nicholas run the nonprofit organization Drops Fill Buckets, described as an "impact-driven, entrepreneurial approach to making a difference".

Question: which other films has he done?

Answer: "The Wolf of Wall Street" , "Fury", "Ford v Ferrari"

Jon Bernthal [SEP] Introduction

Jonathan Edward Bernthal (; born September 20, 1976) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Shane Walsh on the AMC horror series "The Walking Dead" (2010–2012; 2018) and Frank Castle / The Punisher on the Netflix action series "Daredevil" (2015–2018) and "The Punisher" (2017–2019) and as Sgt Manuel Rodriguez in the miniseries "The Pacific" (2010). He began his career in theater before guest starring on various television shows. He has also starred in supporting and leading roles in films such as "The Wolf of Wall Street" (2013), "Fury" (2014), "Sicario" (2015), "The Accountant" (2016), "Baby Driver" (2017), "Wind River" (2017), "Widows" (2018), and "Ford v Ferrari" (2019).


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: is the last actor involved in charity?

Context: which other films has he done?

Context: "The Wolf of Wall Street" , "Fury", "Ford v Ferrari"

Question: when was the last one released?

Answer: November 15, 2019

Ford v Ferrari [SEP] Release

"Ford v Ferrari" premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2019, and screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2019. It was subsequently released in the United States on November 15 by 20th Century Fox in 2D, IMAX, and Dolby Cinema formats. It was previously scheduled to be released on June 28. The first trailer for the film debuted on June 2, 2019, during Game 2 of the 2019 NBA Finals.


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: is the last actor involved in charity?

Context: which other films has he done?

Context: when was the last one released?

Context: November 15, 2019

Question: how was it received by the critics?

Answer: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 92% based on 339 reviews, with an average rating of 7.76/10.

Ford v Ferrari [SEP] Critical response

On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 92% based on 339 reviews, with an average rating of 7.76/10. The website's critics consensus reads, ""Ford v Ferrari" delivers all the polished auto action audiences will expect – and balances it with enough gripping human drama to satisfy non-racing enthusiasts." Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 81 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "universal acclaim." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare grade of "A+," while those at PostTrak gave it an overall positive score of 87% (with an average 4.5 out of 5 stars), with 68% saying they would definitely recommend it.


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: is the last actor involved in charity?

Context: which other films has he done?

Context: when was the last one released?

Context: November 15, 2019

Context: how was it received by the critics?

Context: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 92% based on 339 reviews, with an average rating of 7.76/10.

Question: does this website presents any award?

Answer: Yes, the Golden Tomato Awards

Rotten Tomatoes [SEP] Golden Tomato Awards

In the year 2000, Rotten Tomatoes announced the RT Awards honoring the best-reviewed films of the year according to the website's rating system. This was later renamed the Golden Tomato Awards. The nominees and winners are announced on the website, although there is no actual awards ceremony. The films are divided into wide release and limited release categories. Limited releases are defined as opening in 599 or fewer theaters at initial release. Platform releases, movies initially released under 600 theaters but later receiving wider distribution, fall under this definition. Any film opening in more than 600 theaters is considered wide release.


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: is the last actor involved in charity?

Context: which other films has he done?

Context: when was the last one released?

Context: November 15, 2019

Context: how was it received by the critics?

Context: does this website presents any award?

Context: Yes, the Golden Tomato Awards

Question: who established this company?

Answer: Three undergraduate students at the University of California, Berkeley: Senh Duong, Patrick Y. Lee, and Stephen Wang.

Rotten Tomatoes [SEP] Introduction

Rotten Tomatoes is an American review-aggregation website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by three undergraduate students at the University of California, Berkeley: Senh Duong, Patrick Y. Lee, and Stephen Wang. Although the name "Rotten Tomatoes" connects to the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a poor stage performance, the original inspiration comes from a scene featuring tomatoes in the Canadian film "Léolo" (1992). Since January 2010, Rotten Tomatoes has been owned by Flixster, which was in turn acquired by Warner Bros. in 2011. In February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcast's Fandango.


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: is the last actor involved in charity?

Context: which other films has he done?

Context: when was the last one released?

Context: November 15, 2019

Context: how was it received by the critics?

Context: does this website presents any award?

Context: Yes, the Golden Tomato Awards

Context: who established this company?

Context: Three undergraduate students at the University of California, Berkeley: Senh Duong, Patrick Y. Lee, and Stephen Wang.

Question: how influential is it?

Answer: Major Hollywood studios have come to see Rotten Tomatoes as a threat to their marketing.

Rotten Tomatoes [SEP] Influence

Major Hollywood studios have come to see Rotten Tomatoes as a threat to their marketing. In 2017 several blockbuster films like "", "Baywatch" and "The Mummy" were projected to open with gross receipts of $90 million, $50 million and $45 million respectively, but ended up debuting with $62.6 million, $23.1 million and $31.6 million. Rotten Tomatoes, which scored the films at 30%, 19% and 16%, respectively, was blamed for undermining them. That same summer, films like "Wonder Woman" and "" (both 92%) received high scores and opened at or exceeded expectations with their $100+ million trackings. As result of this concern, 20th Century Fox commissioned a 2015 study, titled "Rotten Tomatoes and Box Office", that stated the website combined with social media was going to be an increasingly serious complication for the film business: "The power of Rotten Tomatoes and fast-breaking word of mouth will only get stronger.


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: is the last actor involved in charity?

Context: which other films has he done?

Context: when was the last one released?

Context: November 15, 2019

Context: how was it received by the critics?

Context: does this website presents any award?

Context: Yes, the Golden Tomato Awards

Context: who established this company?

Context: how influential is it?

Context: Major Hollywood studios have come to see Rotten Tomatoes as a threat to their marketing.

Question: what controversy did the aforementioned episode got into?

Answer: "Secrets" attracted criticism from political commentators for its "potentially misleading perception" of emergency contraception.

Secrets (The Walking Dead) [SEP] Abortion controversy

"Secrets" attracted criticism from political commentators for its "potentially misleading perception" of emergency contraception. Shawn Rhea of Planned Parenthood cited that the morning-after pills do not induce abortion, as the episode implies. Erin Gloria Ryan of "Jezebel" wrote: "Lori would have been better off sending the men off to loot a shop that sells herbal remedies and brewing herself some pennyroyal tea or climbing a tree and jumping out in hopes that the impact would end the pregnancy. Both of those things are dangerous and might not work, but they're about as effective as OD'ing on levonorgestrel." Ryan prescribed that actual abortion pills are administered by medical professionals and are not available at pharmacies.


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: is the last actor involved in charity?

Context: which other films has he done?

Context: when was the last one released?

Context: November 15, 2019

Context: how was it received by the critics?

Context: does this website presents any award?

Context: Yes, the Golden Tomato Awards

Context: who established this company?

Context: how influential is it?

Context: what controversy did the aforementioned episode got into?

Context: "Secrets" attracted criticism from political commentators for its "potentially misleading perception" of emergency contraception.

Question: which series did this episode belong to?

Answer: "The Walking Dead"


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: is the last actor involved in charity?

Context: which other films has he done?

Context: when was the last one released?

Context: November 15, 2019

Context: how was it received by the critics?

Context: does this website presents any award?

Context: Yes, the Golden Tomato Awards

Context: who established this company?

Context: how influential is it?

Context: which series did this episode belong to?

Context: "The Walking Dead"

Question: are there different kinds of emergency contraceptives?

Answer: Yes, combined estrogen and progestin pills, progestin-only pills, and antiprogestin pills

Emergency contraception [SEP] Types

A variety of types of emergency contraceptive pills are available: combined estrogen and progestin pills, progestin-only (levonorgestrel, LNG) pills, and antiprogestin (ulipristal acetate or mifepristone) pills. Progestin-only and antiprogestin pills are available specifically packaged for use as emergency contraceptive pills. Emergency contraceptive pills originally contained higher doses of the same hormones (estrogens, progestins, or both) found in regular combined oral contraceptive pills. Combined estrogen and progestin pills are no longer recommended as dedicated emergency contraceptive pills (because this regimen is less effective and caused more nausea), but certain regular combined oral contraceptive pills (taken 2–5 at a time in what was called "the Yuzpe regimen") have also been shown to be effective as emergency contraceptive pills.


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: is the last actor involved in charity?

Context: which other films has he done?

Context: when was the last one released?

Context: November 15, 2019

Context: how was it received by the critics?

Context: does this website presents any award?

Context: Yes, the Golden Tomato Awards

Context: who established this company?

Context: how influential is it?

Context: "The Walking Dead"

Context: are there different kinds of emergency contraceptives?

Context: Yes, combined estrogen and progestin pills, progestin-only pills, and antiprogestin pills

Question: how effective is it?

Answer: The effectiveness of emergency contraception is expressed as a percentage reduction in pregnancy rate for a single use of EC

Emergency contraception [SEP] Effectiveness

Ulipristal acetate, and mid-dose mifepristone are both more effective than levonorgestrel, which is more effective than the Yuzpe method. The effectiveness of emergency contraception is expressed as a percentage reduction in pregnancy rate for a single use of EC. Using an example of "75% effective", the effectiveness calculation thus: ... these numbers do not translate into a pregnancy rate of 25 percent. Rather, they mean that if 1,000 women have unprotected intercourse in the middle two weeks of their menstrual cycles, approximately 80 will become pregnant. Use of emergency contraceptive pills would reduce this number by 75 percent, to 20 women.


Context: when does lori find out she is pregnant

Context: when was the episode aired?

Context: November 20, 2011

Context: Glenn, Dale Horvath, Hershel, Shane

Context: who played these characters?

Context: is the last actor involved in charity?

Context: which other films has he done?

Context: when was the last one released?

Context: November 15, 2019

Context: how was it received by the critics?

Context: does this website presents any award?

Context: Yes, the Golden Tomato Awards

Context: who established this company?

Context: how influential is it?

Context: "The Walking Dead"

Context: how effective is it?

Context: The effectiveness of emergency contraception is expressed as a percentage reduction in pregnancy rate for a single use of EC

Question: when was it first used?

Answer: In 1966, gynecologist John McLean Morris and biologist Gertrude Van Wagenen at the Yale School of Medicine reported the successful use of oral high-dose estrogen pills as post-coital contraceptives in women and rhesus macaque monkeys, respectively

Emergency contraception [SEP] History

In 1966, gynecologist John McLean Morris and biologist Gertrude Van Wagenen at the Yale School of Medicine reported the successful use of oral high-dose estrogen pills as post-coital contraceptives in women and rhesus macaque monkeys, respectively. A few different drugs were studied, with a focus on high-dose estrogens, and it was originally hoped that postcoital contraception would prove viable as an ongoing contraceptive method. The first widely used methods were five-day treatments with high-dose estrogens, using diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the US and ethinylestradiol in the Netherlands by Haspels. In the early 1970s, the Yuzpe regimen was developed by A. Albert Yuzpe in 1974; progestin-only postcoital contraception was investigated (1975); and the copper IUD was first studied for use as emergency contraception (1975).


Question: what is the song cool by gwen stefani about

Answer: A relationship in which two lovers have separated, but remain "cool" with each other as good friends.

Cool (Gwen Stefani song) [SEP] Introduction

"Cool" is a song by American singer Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album "Love. Angel. Music. Baby." (2004). Written by Stefani and Dallas Austin, the song was released as the fourth single from "L.A.M.B." on July 5, 2005, by Interscope Records. It was written by Austin basing the song on No Doubt's 2000 single "Simple Kind of Life", but he did not finish it. He then asked for help from Stefani and they finished the song in 15 minutes. The song's musical style and production were inspired by synth-pop and new wave arrangements from the 1980s, and its lyrics chronicle a relationship in which two lovers have separated, but remain "cool" with each other as good friends.


Context: what is the song cool by gwen stefani about

Context: A relationship in which two lovers have separated, but remain "cool" with each other as good friends.

Question: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Answer: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Explanation: Stefani and Dallas Austin


Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Question: what musical instruments are played in this track?

Answer: Bass guitar, drums, guitar, keyboards and synthesizer.

Cool (Gwen Stefani song) [SEP] Composition

"Cool" is a mid-tempo love song featuring a synth-pop and new wave production. The song is composed in D major. It is written in common time, it moves at a moderate tempo of 112 beats per minute, and it has a vocal range from the low note of F♯ to the high note of C♯. The song is written in the common verse-chorus form, featuring five instruments: bass guitar, drums, guitar, keyboards and synthesizer. "Cool" opens with all five instruments, and as Stefani begins singing, the synthesizer is lowered, and the hard-hitting drum beat steadily increases in volume. She performs her highest pitch (C♯) during the chorus, after which she sings in a softer, almost "sotto voce", and her lowest pitch (E) at the beginning of the verses.


Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what musical instruments are played in this track?

Context: Bass guitar, drums, guitar, keyboards and synthesizer.

Question: what is the genre of this track?

Answer: The song's musical style and production were inspired by synth-pop and new wave

Explanation: The song's musical style and production were inspired by synth-pop and new wave arrangements from the 1980s


Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: The song's musical style and production were inspired by synth-pop and new wave

Question: what was the critic's response after hearing this track?

Answer: Cool" received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Cool (Gwen Stefani song) [SEP] Critical reception

"Cool" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Jennifer Nine from Yahoo! Music referred to the song as "a liltingly sweet paean to post-break-up friendships", while Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic called it a "high school anthem-in-waiting" theme; it also was selected as one of the album's highlights. Richard Smirke from Playlouder commented that the song successfully used the same production formula as fellow album tracks "Serious" and "What You Waiting For?", and described it as a "crisp blend of edgy 21C production and early 80s Madonna-esque pop". Jason Damas, in a review for "PopMatters", characterized it as "a slippery slice of keyboard" New Wave song referring to it as a "pitched halfway between The Go-Go's and Cyndi Lauper".


Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: what was the critic's response after hearing this track?

Context: Cool" received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Question: on which chart did this track feature amongst the top 10?

Answer: On other "Billboard" charts, the single topped the Dance Club Songs chart, reached number four

Explanation: On other "Billboard" charts, the single topped the Dance Club Songs chart, reached number four on the Adult Top 40 chart and number nine on the Pop 100 chart. In Australia, "Cool" debuted and peaked at number ten on September 11, 2005, dropping off the chart on November 13, 2005 at number 49. In New Zealand, "Cool" became the second-highest debut of the week ending September 5, 2005, at number 11. It rose to its peak position of number nine the following week, becoming her fifth consecutive top-ten in the country.

Cool (Gwen Stefani song) [SEP] Chart performance

It rose to its peak position of number nine the following week, becoming her fifth consecutive top-ten in the country. In European countries "Cool" performed moderately, reaching the top 40 in most of them. It reached number 26 on the European Hot 100 Singles chart on October 8, 2005. In the Czech Republic, "Cool" entered the Rádio – Top 100 chart at number 12, achieving its peak position of number ten in its tenth week. In Italy, it debuted at number 16 on September 22, 2005, peaking at number 15 the week after. In Norway, "Cool" debuted at number 18 on the VG-lista chart, climbing to number 16 the following week.


Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: on which chart did this track feature amongst the top 10?

Context: On other "Billboard" charts, the single topped the Dance Club Songs chart, reached number four

Question: from which album does this track belong?

Answer: "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."

Explanation: "Cool" is a song by American singer Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."


Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: from which album does this track belong?

Context: "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."

Question: what are the names of the spots where this video was filmed in?

Answer: Lake Como, Italy.

Cool (Gwen Stefani song) [SEP] Music video

The accompanying music video for "Cool" was directed by Sophie Muller and filmed in Lake Como, Italy. "It was obvious I was gonna ask her to do it", Stefani stated in an interview with VH1's "Box Set". The video follows the song's theme and depicts the relationship that Stefani has with a former boyfriend, who is played by Spanish actor Daniel González. González and his new girlfriend–played by Tony Kanal's girlfriend, Erin Lokitz–are shown walking up to a villa where Stefani answers the door. The villa featured in the video is the Villa Erba in the town of Cernobbio, which Stefani said was "so beautiful".


Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."

Context: what are the names of the spots where this video was filmed in?

Context: Lake Como, Italy.

Question: what are the names of the actors featuring in that video for that song?

Answer: Stefani, Spanish actor Daniel González, Erin Lokitz

Explanation: The video follows the song's theme and depicts the relationship that Stefani has with a former boyfriend, who is played by Spanish actor Daniel González. González and his new girlfriend–played by Tony Kanal's girlfriend, Erin Lokitz–are shown walking up to a villa where Stefani answers the door.


Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."

Context: Lake Como, Italy.

Context: what are the names of the actors featuring in that video for that song?

Context: Stefani, Spanish actor Daniel González, Erin Lokitz

Question: what are the other songs featured from that album?

Answer: "What You Waiting For?, "Rich Girl", "Hollaback Girl"

Love. Angel. Music. Baby. [SEP] Songs

The album opens with "What You Waiting For?", an electropop, new wave, dance-rock, and funk song. Lyrically, the song discusses Stefani's fears of beginning a solo career. "Rich Girl", a collaboration with rapper Eve, is a dancehall and reggae reworking of the English duo Louchie Lou & Michie One's 1994 song "If I Was a Rich Girl", which itself interpolates the song "If I Were a Rich Man" from the 1964 musical "Fiddler on the Roof". The Neptunes-produced track "Hollaback Girl" combines 1980s hip hop with dance music. It was written as a response to a derogatory comment that grunge musician Courtney Love made, referring to Stefani as a cheerleader.


Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."

Context: Lake Como, Italy.

Context: what are the other songs featured from that album?

Context: "What You Waiting For?, "Rich Girl", "Hollaback Girl"

Question: was this album or any of its tracks received any grammy award?

Answer: Stefani won the Digital Song of the Year award for "Hollaback Girl" and the New Artist of the Year Award,

Love. Angel. Music. Baby. [SEP] Accolades

At the "Billboard" Music Awards, Stefani won the Digital Song of the Year award for "Hollaback Girl" and the New Artist of the Year Award, and she performed "Luxurious" with Slim Thug at the event. At the 2005 Grammy Awards, Stefani received a nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "What You Waiting For?" and performed "Rich Girl" with Eve. At the next year's awards, Stefani received five nominations, including Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album, Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "Hollaback Girl" and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Rich Girl".


Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."

Context: Lake Como, Italy.

Context: was this album or any of its tracks received any grammy award?

Context: Stefani won the Digital Song of the Year award for "Hollaback Girl" and the New Artist of the Year Award,

Question: what this singer part of a band before she went solo?

Answer: No Doubt

Gwen Stefani [SEP] Introduction

Gwen Renée Stefani (; born October 3, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and fashion designer. She is a co-founder, lead vocalist, and the primary songwriter of the band No Doubt, whose singles include "Just a Girl", "Spiderwebs", and "Don't Speak", from their 1995 breakthrough studio album "Tragic Kingdom", as well as "Hey Baby" and "It's My Life" from later albums. During the band's hiatus, Stefani embarked on a solo pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album "Love. Angel. Music. Baby." Inspired by pop music from the 1980s, the album was a critical and commercial success.


Context: what is the song cool by gwen stefani about

Context: A relationship in which two lovers have separated, but remain "cool" with each other as good friends.

Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what musical instruments are played in this track?

Context: Bass guitar, drums, guitar, keyboards and synthesizer.

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: The song's musical style and production were inspired by synth-pop and new wave

Context: what was the critic's response after hearing this track?

Context: Cool" received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Context: on which chart did this track feature amongst the top 10?

Context: On other "Billboard" charts, the single topped the Dance Club Songs chart, reached number four

Context: from which album does this track belong?

Context: "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."

Context: what are the names of the spots where this video was filmed in?

Context: Lake Como, Italy.

Context: what are the names of the actors featuring in that video for that song?

Context: Stefani, Spanish actor Daniel González, Erin Lokitz

Context: what are the other songs featured from that album?

Context: "What You Waiting For?, "Rich Girl", "Hollaback Girl"

Context: was this album or any of its tracks received any grammy award?

Context: Stefani won the Digital Song of the Year award for "Hollaback Girl" and the New Artist of the Year Award,

Context: what this singer part of a band before she went solo?

Context: No Doubt

Question: when was this band formed?

Answer: 1986

No Doubt [SEP] Introduction

No Doubt is an American rock band from Anaheim, California, formed in 1986. The band consists of vocalist Gwen Stefani, guitarist Tom Dumont, bassist Tony Kanal, and drummer Adrian Young. Since the mid-1990s, they have been supported by trombonist Gabrial McNair and trumpeter Stephen Bradley in live performances. Though their 1992 eponymous debut album failed to make an impact, its ska punk-inspired follow-up "The Beacon Street Collection" sold over 100,000 copies in 1995, over triple that of its predecessor. The band's diamond-certified album "Tragic Kingdom" (1995) benefited from the resurgence of third-wave ska in the 1990s, and "Don't Speak", the third single from the album, set a record when it spent 16 weeks at the number one spot on the "Billboard" Hot 100 Airplay chart.


Context: what is the song cool by gwen stefani about

Context: A relationship in which two lovers have separated, but remain "cool" with each other as good friends.

Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what musical instruments are played in this track?

Context: Bass guitar, drums, guitar, keyboards and synthesizer.

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: The song's musical style and production were inspired by synth-pop and new wave

Context: what was the critic's response after hearing this track?

Context: Cool" received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Context: on which chart did this track feature amongst the top 10?

Context: On other "Billboard" charts, the single topped the Dance Club Songs chart, reached number four

Context: from which album does this track belong?

Context: "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."

Context: what are the names of the spots where this video was filmed in?

Context: Lake Como, Italy.

Context: what are the names of the actors featuring in that video for that song?

Context: Stefani, Spanish actor Daniel González, Erin Lokitz

Context: what are the other songs featured from that album?

Context: "What You Waiting For?, "Rich Girl", "Hollaback Girl"

Context: was this album or any of its tracks received any grammy award?

Context: Stefani won the Digital Song of the Year award for "Hollaback Girl" and the New Artist of the Year Award,

Context: what this singer part of a band before she went solo?

Context: No Doubt

Context: when was this band formed?

Question: who were the band members?

Answer: The band consists of vocalist Gwen Stefani, guitarist Tom Dumont, bassist Tony Kanal, and drummer Adrian Young.

Explanation: The band consists of vocalist Gwen Stefani, guitarist Tom Dumont, bassist Tony Kanal, and drummer Adrian Young.

No Doubt [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the song cool by gwen stefani about

Context: A relationship in which two lovers have separated, but remain "cool" with each other as good friends.

Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what musical instruments are played in this track?

Context: Bass guitar, drums, guitar, keyboards and synthesizer.

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: The song's musical style and production were inspired by synth-pop and new wave

Context: what was the critic's response after hearing this track?

Context: Cool" received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Context: on which chart did this track feature amongst the top 10?

Context: On other "Billboard" charts, the single topped the Dance Club Songs chart, reached number four

Context: from which album does this track belong?

Context: "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."

Context: what are the names of the spots where this video was filmed in?

Context: Lake Como, Italy.

Context: what are the names of the actors featuring in that video for that song?

Context: Stefani, Spanish actor Daniel González, Erin Lokitz

Context: what are the other songs featured from that album?

Context: "What You Waiting For?, "Rich Girl", "Hollaback Girl"

Context: was this album or any of its tracks received any grammy award?

Context: Stefani won the Digital Song of the Year award for "Hollaback Girl" and the New Artist of the Year Award,

Context: what this singer part of a band before she went solo?

Context: No Doubt

Context: when was this band formed?

Context: who were the band members?

Context: The band consists of vocalist Gwen Stefani, guitarist Tom Dumont, bassist Tony Kanal, and drummer Adrian Young.

Question: name some of their famous tracks.

Answer: Just a Girl

No Doubt [SEP] Introduction

"Just a Girl", co-written by Stefani, was described as "the most popular cut on the CD". The group's next album, "Return of Saturn" (2000), despite its Top 40 hit single "Simple Kind of Life", did not match the success of their previous album, but received critical praise and was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 43rd Grammy Awards. Fifteen months later, the band reappeared with the album "Rock Steady" (2001), which incorporated reggae and dancehall music into their work. The album was primarily recorded in Jamaica and featured collaborations with Jamaican artists Bounty Killer, Sly and Robbie, and Lady Saw.


Context: what is the song cool by gwen stefani about

Context: A relationship in which two lovers have separated, but remain "cool" with each other as good friends.

Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what musical instruments are played in this track?

Context: Bass guitar, drums, guitar, keyboards and synthesizer.

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: The song's musical style and production were inspired by synth-pop and new wave

Context: what was the critic's response after hearing this track?

Context: Cool" received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Context: on which chart did this track feature amongst the top 10?

Context: On other "Billboard" charts, the single topped the Dance Club Songs chart, reached number four

Context: from which album does this track belong?

Context: "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."

Context: what are the names of the spots where this video was filmed in?

Context: Lake Como, Italy.

Context: what are the names of the actors featuring in that video for that song?

Context: Stefani, Spanish actor Daniel González, Erin Lokitz

Context: what are the other songs featured from that album?

Context: "What You Waiting For?, "Rich Girl", "Hollaback Girl"

Context: was this album or any of its tracks received any grammy award?

Context: Stefani won the Digital Song of the Year award for "Hollaback Girl" and the New Artist of the Year Award,

Context: what this singer part of a band before she went solo?

Context: No Doubt

Context: when was this band formed?

Context: who were the band members?

Context: The band consists of vocalist Gwen Stefani, guitarist Tom Dumont, bassist Tony Kanal, and drummer Adrian Young.

Context: name some of their famous tracks.

Context: Just a Girl

Question: what are some of the albums this band has released?

Answer: "Tragic Kingdom", "Don't Speak", "Return of Saturn"

Explanation: The group's next album, "Return of Saturn" (2000), despite its Top 40 hit single "Simple Kind of Life", did not match the success of their previous album, but received critical praise and was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 43rd Grammy Awards. Fifteen months later, the band reappeared with the album "Rock Steady" (2001), which incorporated reggae and dancehall music into their work. The album was primarily recorded in Jamaica and featured collaborations with Jamaican artists Bounty Killer, Sly and Robbie, and Lady Saw. The album produced two Grammy-winning singles, "Hey Baby" and "Underneath It All". "Hella Good" was also nominated for a Grammy award. O

No Doubt [SEP] Introduction

The album produced two Grammy-winning singles, "Hey Baby" and "Underneath It All". "Hella Good" was also nominated for a Grammy award. On November 22, 2002, No Doubt received the Key to the City of Anaheim, given by the Mayor of Anaheim, Tom Daly, in Disneyland during the band's appearance on 'Breakfast with Kevin and Bean' (KROQ-FM) where they performed five songs. After a 2004 tour the band embarked on solo projects, with Stefani releasing two successful solo albums "Love. Angel. Music. Baby." (2004) and "The Sweet Escape" (2006), while Tom Dumont released his own solo music project, "Invincible Overlord". In 2008, the band resumed working slowly on their sixth effort, titled "Push and Shove" (2012), and released their single "Settle Down".


Context: what is the song cool by gwen stefani about

Context: A relationship in which two lovers have separated, but remain "cool" with each other as good friends.

Context: who wrote the lyrics of this song?

Context: Stefani and Dallas Austin

Context: what musical instruments are played in this track?

Context: Bass guitar, drums, guitar, keyboards and synthesizer.

Context: what is the genre of this track?

Context: The song's musical style and production were inspired by synth-pop and new wave

Context: what was the critic's response after hearing this track?

Context: Cool" received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Context: on which chart did this track feature amongst the top 10?

Context: On other "Billboard" charts, the single topped the Dance Club Songs chart, reached number four

Context: from which album does this track belong?

Context: "Love. Angel. Music. Baby."

Context: what are the names of the spots where this video was filmed in?

Context: Lake Como, Italy.

Context: what are the names of the actors featuring in that video for that song?

Context: Stefani, Spanish actor Daniel González, Erin Lokitz

Context: what are the other songs featured from that album?

Context: "What You Waiting For?, "Rich Girl", "Hollaback Girl"

Context: was this album or any of its tracks received any grammy award?

Context: Stefani won the Digital Song of the Year award for "Hollaback Girl" and the New Artist of the Year Award,

Context: what this singer part of a band before she went solo?

Context: No Doubt

Context: when was this band formed?

Context: who were the band members?

Context: The band consists of vocalist Gwen Stefani, guitarist Tom Dumont, bassist Tony Kanal, and drummer Adrian Young.

Context: name some of their famous tracks.

Context: Just a Girl

Context: what are some of the albums this band has released?

Context: "Tragic Kingdom", "Don't Speak", "Return of Saturn"

Question: what are some of the names of the places or events this band performed live?

Answer: Bridge School Benefit, The Kennedy Center Honors

No Doubt [SEP] Other appearances

In 2009, No Doubt made an appearance on the television series "Gossip Girl", playing a fictional band called "Snowed Out" in the episode "Valley Girls". They performed a cover version of the Adam and the Ants song "Stand and Deliver". No Doubt played at the Bridge School Benefit organized by Neil Young on October 24 and 25, 2009, at the Shoreline Amphitheatre in Mountain View, California. On December 5, 2010, No Doubt performed a tribute to Paul McCartney at The Kennedy Center Honors, playing a medley of Beatles hits including "Hello, Goodbye", "All My Loving", and "Penny Lane". The band performed for President Barack Obama, Sir Paul McCartney, and Oprah Winfrey.


Question: what is mississippi highway 469?

Answer: State highway

Mississippi Highway 469 [SEP] Introduction

Mississippi Highway 469 (MS 469) is a state highway in central Mississippi, located in Simpson and Rankin counties. The route starts at MS 28 near Georgetown, and it travels north through western Simpson County. The road enters the community of Harrisville and enters Rankin County soon after. It intersects U.S. Route 49 (US 49) in Florence, and it ends at MS 468 near Whitfield. The route was designated in 1953, and it was extended southwards to MS 20 (currently MS 28) in 1956. By 1960, all of the route was paved with asphalt.


Context:
what is mississippi highway 469?
State highway

Question: which places does it connect?

Answer: Simpson and Rankin counties.

Mississippi Highway 469 [SEP] Route description

MS 469 is located in Simpson and Rankin counties. The route is legally defined in Mississippi Code § 65-3-3, and all of it is maintained by the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT), as part of the Mississippi State Highway System. The route starts at MS 28 at a three-way junction east of Georgetown, and travels north through a forested area. The road turns east briefly at Sells Walker Road, and it continues northward at Bear Cat Road. The route parallels Big Creek until it reaches Harrisville, where it turns west at the western terminus of MS 540, also known as Harrisville Road.


Context:
what is mississippi highway 469?
State highway
which places does it connect?
Simpson and Rankin counties.

Question: could you please describe the route?

Answer: The route starts at MS 28 at a three-way junction east of Georgetown, and travels north through a forested area.

Explanation: The route starts at MS 28 at a three-way junction east of Georgetown, and travels north through a forested area.


Context: what is mississippi highway 469?

Context: State highway

Context: which places does it connect?

Context: Simpson and Rankin counties.

Context: could you please describe the route?

Context: The route starts at MS 28 at a three-way junction east of Georgetown, and travels north through a forested area.

Question: which organization first started to work on this route?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: what is mississippi highway 469?

Context: State highway

Context: which places does it connect?

Context: Simpson and Rankin counties.

Context: could you please describe the route?

Context: which organization first started to work on this route?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: in which country is this highway located?

Answer: United States

Mississippi [SEP] Introduction

Mississippi () is a state in the Deep South region of the United States. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Mississippi is bordered to the north by Tennessee, to the east by Alabama, to the south by the Gulf of Mexico, to the southwest by Louisiana, and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson, with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018, is the most-populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States.


Context: what is mississippi highway 469?

Context: State highway

Context: which places does it connect?

Context: Simpson and Rankin counties.

Context: could you please describe the route?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: in which country is this highway located?

Context: United States

Question: how does this name originate?

Answer: It comes from the given name of Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci

United States [SEP] Etymology

The first known use of the name "America" dates back to 1507, when it appeared on a world map created by the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller. It comes from the given name of Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first to postulate that the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern limit, but part of a previously unknown landmass. The full name "United States of America" dates to the Revolutionary War. The second draft of the Articles of Confederation, prepared by John Dickinson, and Thomas Jefferson's original rough draft of the Declaration of Independence both included the name. However, it is unclear which of these two usages came first.


Context: what is mississippi highway 469?

Context: State highway

Context: which places does it connect?

Context: Simpson and Rankin counties.

Context: could you please describe the route?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: United States

Context: how does this name originate?

Context: It comes from the given name of Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci

Question: who were the indigenous tribes of this place?

Answer: The Clovis culture, which appeared around 11,000 BC, is believed to represent the first wave of human settlement of the Americas.

United States [SEP] Indigenous peoples and pre-Columbian history

It has been generally accepted that the first inhabitants of North America migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 12,000 years ago; however, increasing evidence suggests an even earlier arrival. The Clovis culture, which appeared around 11,000 BC, is believed to represent the first wave of human settlement of the Americas. This was likely the first of three major waves of migration into North America; later waves brought the forerunners of present-day Athabaskans, Aleuts and Eskimos. Over time, indigenous cultures in North America grew increasingly complex, and some, such as the pre-Columbian Mississippian culture in the southeast, developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies.


Context: what is mississippi highway 469?

Context: State highway

Context: which places does it connect?

Context: Simpson and Rankin counties.

Context: could you please describe the route?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: United States

Context: how does this name originate?

Context: who were the indigenous tribes of this place?

Context: The Clovis culture, which appeared around 11,000 BC, is believed to represent the first wave of human settlement of the Americas.

Question: could you please describe this culture?

Answer: It  is a prehistoric Paleoamerican culture, named for distinct stone tools found in close association with Pleistocene fauna at Blackwater Locality No. 1

Clovis culture [SEP] Introduction

The Clovis culture is a prehistoric Paleoamerican culture, named for distinct stone tools found in close association with Pleistocene fauna at Blackwater Locality No. 1 near Clovis, New Mexico in the 1920s and 1930s. It appears around 11,500–11,000 uncalibrated RCYBP at the end of the last glacial period, and is characterized by the manufacture of "Clovis points" and distinctive bone and ivory tools. Archaeologists' most precise determinations at present suggest this radiocarbon age is equal to roughly 13,200 to 12,900 calendar years ago. Clovis people are considered to be the ancestors of most of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.


Context: what is mississippi highway 469?

Context: State highway

Context: which places does it connect?

Context: Simpson and Rankin counties.

Context: could you please describe the route?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: United States

Context: how does this name originate?

Context: could you please describe this culture?

Context: It  is a prehistoric Paleoamerican culture, named for distinct stone tools found in close association with Pleistocene fauna at Blackwater Locality No. 1

Question: why did they disappear?

Answer: decline in the availability of megafauna, combined with an overall increase in a less mobile population

Clovis culture [SEP] Disappearance of Clovis

The most commonly held perspective on the end of the Clovis culture is that a decline in the availability of megafauna, combined with an overall increase in a less mobile population, led to local differentiation of lithic and cultural traditions across the Americas. After this time, Clovis-style fluted points were replaced by other fluted-point traditions (such as the Folsom culture) with an essentially uninterrupted sequence across North and Central America. An effectively continuous cultural adaptation proceeds from the Clovis period through the ensuing Middle and Late Paleoindian periods. Whether the Clovis culture drove the mammoth, and other species, to extinction via overhunting – the so-called Pleistocene overkill hypothesis – is still an open, and controversial, question.


Context: what is mississippi highway 469?

Context: State highway

Context: which places does it connect?

Context: Simpson and Rankin counties.

Context: could you please describe the route?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: United States

Context: how does this name originate?

Context: could you please describe this culture?

Context: why did they disappear?

Context: decline in the availability of megafauna, combined with an overall increase in a less mobile population

Question: who discovered their existence?

Answer: Harold Cook and Jesse Figgins.

Clovis culture [SEP] Discovery

A cowboy, George McJunkin, found an ancient bison ("Bison antiquus", an extinct relative of the American bison) skeleton in 1908 after a flash flood. The site was first excavated in 1926, near Folsom, New Mexico, under the direction of Harold Cook and Jesse Figgins. On 29 August 1927, they found the first "in situ" Folsom point with the extinct "B. antiquus" bones. This confirmation of a human presence in the Americas during the Pleistocene inspired many people to start looking for evidence of early humans. In 1929, 19-year-old Ridgely Whiteman, who had been closely following the excavations in nearby Folsom in the newspaper, discovered the Clovis site near the Blackwater Draw in eastern New Mexico.


Context: what is mississippi highway 469?

Context: State highway

Context: which places does it connect?

Context: Simpson and Rankin counties.

Context: could you please describe the route?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: United States

Context: how does this name originate?

Context: could you please describe this culture?

Context: why did they disappear?

Context: who discovered their existence?

Context: Harold Cook and Jesse Figgins.

Question: was their human settlements before this culture?

Answer: the first inhabitants of North America migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 12,000 years ago

Indigenous peoples and pre-Columbian history

Explanation: It has been generally accepted that the first inhabitants of North America migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 12,000 years ago


Context: what is mississippi highway 469?

Context: State highway

Context: which places does it connect?

Context: Simpson and Rankin counties.

Context: could you please describe the route?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: United States

Context: how does this name originate?

Context: could you please describe this culture?

Context: why did they disappear?

Context: who discovered their existence?

Context: Harold Cook and Jesse Figgins.

Context: was their human settlements before this culture?

Context: the first inhabitants of North America migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 12,000 years ago

Question: can you please explain the dichotomy?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Question: how long does it take for a blue whale to give birth

Answer: Gestation lasts 10–11 months.

Explanation: Gestation lasts 10–11 months.

Blue whale [SEP] Reproduction and birth

Pygmy blue whales were estimated to give birth every 2.6 years (95% CI=2.2–3.0). Pregnant females gain roughly 4% of their body weight daily, amounting to 60% of their overall body weight throughout summer foraging periods. Gestation lasts 10–11 months. No records of natural births are known, although a blue whale that ended up in Trincomalee harbor gave birth to a calf before being towed back to sea the following day.


Context: how long does it take for a blue whale to give birth

Context: Gestation lasts 10–11 months.

Question: where are these type of whales mostly found?

Answer: Monterey Bay, San Diego, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Gulf of St. Lawrence to name some.

Blue whale [SEP] Locations and dates

In the North Pacific, blue whales can be seen in large numbers in Monterey Bay, CA from July through October. They may also be seen off San Diego, CA in July and August, and off Baja California Sur, Mexico and in the Sea of Cortez from January through March. In the North Atlantic, blue whales can be seen in the Gulf of St. Lawrence June through September, especially in the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park in Canada. Blue whales can best be found off Reykjavík and Húsavík in Iceland from May to August. Around the Azores, the best chance to see blue whales is February to March.


Context: Gestation lasts 10–11 months.

Context: where are these type of whales mostly found?

Context: Monterey Bay, San Diego, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Gulf of St. Lawrence to name some.

Question: where is this bay located?

Answer: On the coast of the U.S. state of California.

Monterey Bay [SEP] Introduction

Monterey Bay is a bay of the Pacific Ocean located on the coast of the U.S. state of California. The bay is south of the major cities of San Francisco and San Jose. Santa Cruz is located at the north end of the bay, and Monterey is on the Monterey Peninsula at the south end. The "Monterey Bay Area" is a local colloquialism sometimes used to describe the whole of the Central Coast communities of Santa Cruz and Monterey counties.


Context: Gestation lasts 10–11 months.

Context: where is this bay located?

Context: On the coast of the U.S. state of California.

Question: can you name some rivers or lakes found here?

Answer: Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, Pit River, Feather River and Tuolumne River.

California [SEP] Rivers

The most prominent river system within California is formed by the Sacramento River and San Joaquin River, which are fed mostly by snowmelt from the west slope of the Sierra Nevada, and respectively drain the north and south halves of the Central Valley. The two rivers join in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, flowing into the Pacific Ocean through San Francisco Bay. Many major tributaries feed into the Sacramento–San Joaquin system, including the Pit River, Feather River and Tuolumne River. The Klamath and Trinity Rivers drain a large area in far northwestern California. The Eel River and Salinas River each drain portions of the California coast, north and south of San Francisco Bay, respectively.


Context: Gestation lasts 10–11 months.

Context: where is this bay located?

Context: can you name some rivers or lakes found here?

Context: Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, Pit River, Feather River and Tuolumne River.

Question: are there any protected areas here?

Answer: Yes, Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area, Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Area, Pacific Grove Marine Gardens State Marine Conservation Area, etc.

Monterey Bay [SEP] Marine protected areas

Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area, Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Area, Pacific Grove Marine Gardens State Marine Conservation Area, Lovers Point State Marine Reserve, Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area and Asilomar State Marine Reserve are marine protected areas in Monterey Bay. Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems.


Context: Gestation lasts 10–11 months.

Context: where is this bay located?

Context: are there any protected areas here?

Context: Yes, Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area, Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Area, Pacific Grove Marine Gardens State Marine Conservation Area, etc.

Question: how long can the former whale live for?

Answer: 73 years

Blue whale [SEP] Life span

The most reliable age estimations are from ear plugs. Blue whales secrete earwax (cerumen) throughout their lives forming long, multilayered plugs. Each chronologically deposited light and dark layer (lamina) indicate a switch between fasting during migration and feeding, and one set is laid down per year, and thus the number of these layers can be used as an indicator of age. The maximum age determined from earplug laminae for a pygmy whale is 73 years (n=1133). Prior to the development of ear plugs as an ageing method, layers in baleen plates were used, but these wear down and are not a reliable measure.


Context: Gestation lasts 10–11 months.

Context: where is this bay located?

Context: are there any protected areas here?

Context: how long can the former whale live for?

Context: 73 years

Question: do these whales migrate?

Answer: They are not as specific in their movement patterns, and there is substantial evidence of alternative strategies, such as year-round residency, partial or differential migration, and anomalous habits such as feeding on breeding grounds.

Blue whale [SEP] Migration

The mechanism behind modern whale migration is debated. Migration may function to reduce parasitism, pathogens, and competition, provide greater access to prey in the spring and summer, reduce calf predation from orcas, and optimize thermoregulation for growth in the winter. For many baleen whales, such as humpback and grey whales, a general migration pattern can be defined as to-and-fro migration between feeding grounds at higher latitudes and breeding habitats at lower latitudes on an annual basis. However, blue whales are not as specific in their movement patterns, and there is substantial evidence of alternative strategies, such as year-round residency, partial or differential migration, and anomalous habits such as feeding on breeding grounds.