Context: Mantidae ("mantids")

Context: are there any fossils of this found?

Context: Yes, from Siberia

Question: do they display cannibalistic behavior?

Answer: Yes, sexual cannibalism

Mantis [SEP] Sexual cannibalism

Sexual cannibalism is common among most predatory species of mantises in captivity. It has sometimes been observed in natural populations, where about a quarter of male-female encounters result in the male being eaten by the female. Around 90% of the predatory species of mantises exhibit sexual cannibalism. Adult males typically outnumber females at first, but their numbers may be fairly equivalent later in the adult stage, possibly because females selectively eat the smaller males. In "Tenodera sinensis", 83% of males escape cannibalism after an encounter with a female, but since multiple matings occur, the probability of a male's being eaten increases cumulatively.


Context: what is the predator of a praying mantis

Context: Mantises are generalist predators of arthropods

Context: what family or species is this a part of?

Context: Mantidae ("mantids")

Context: are there any fossils of this found?

Context: Yes, from Siberia

Context: do they display cannibalistic behavior?

Context: Yes, sexual cannibalism

Question: what happens in this situation?

Answer: The female may begin feeding by biting off the male's head and if mating has begun, the male's movements may become even more vigorous in its delivery of sperm

Mantis [SEP] Sexual cannibalism

The female may begin feeding by biting off the male's head (as they do with regular prey), and if mating has begun, the male's movements may become even more vigorous in its delivery of sperm. Early researchers thought that because copulatory movement is controlled by a ganglion in the abdomen, not the head, removal of the male's head was a reproductive strategy by females to enhance fertilization while obtaining sustenance. Later, this behavior appeared to be an artifact of intrusive laboratory observation. Whether the behavior is natural in the field or also the result of distractions caused by the human observer remains controversial.


Context: Mantidae ("mantids")

Context: are there any fossils of this found?

Context: Yes, from Siberia

Context: do they display cannibalistic behavior?

Context: Yes, sexual cannibalism

Context: what happens in this situation?

Context: The female may begin feeding by biting off the male's head and if mating has begun, the male's movements may become even more vigorous in its delivery of sperm

Question: is there any biologist who has studied this species?

Answer: Kristensen, Beier, Ehrmann, Klass to name a few

Explanation:
Kristensen (1991) combined the Mantodea with the cockroaches and termites into the order Dictyoptera, suborder Mantodea. The name "mantodea" is formed from the Ancient Greek words ("mantis") meaning "prophet", and ("eidos") meaning "form" or "type". It was coined in 1838 by the German entomologist Hermann Burmeister. The order is occasionally called the mantes, using a Latinized plural of Greek "mantis". The name mantid properly refers only to members of the family Mantidae, which was, historically, the only family in the order. The other common name, praying mantis, applied to any species in the order (though in Europe mainly to "Mantis religiosa"), comes from the typical "prayer-like" posture with folded forelimbs. The vernacular plural "mantises" (used in this article) was confined largely to the US, with "mantids" predominantly used as the plural in the UK and elsewhere, until the family Mantidae was further split in 2002.

One of the earliest classifications splitting an all-inclu

Mantis [SEP] Taxonomy and evolution

Over 2,400 species of mantis in about 430 genera are recognized. They are predominantly found in tropical regions, but some live in temperate areas. The systematics of mantises have long been disputed. Mantises, along with stick insects (Phasmatodea), were once placed in the order Orthoptera with the cockroaches (now Blattodea) and rock crawlers (now Grylloblattodea). Kristensen (1991) combined the Mantodea with the cockroaches and termites into the order Dictyoptera, suborder Mantodea. The name "mantodea" is formed from the Ancient Greek words ("mantis") meaning "prophet", and ("eidos") meaning "form" or "type". It was coined in 1838 by the German entomologist Hermann Burmeister.


Context: Mantidae ("mantids")

Context: are there any fossils of this found?

Context: Yes, from Siberia

Context: do they display cannibalistic behavior?

Context: Yes, sexual cannibalism

Context: what happens in this situation?

Context: is there any biologist who has studied this species?

Context: Kristensen, Beier, Ehrmann, Klass to name a few

Question: what is the other species mentioned earlier that this species preys on?

Answer: It is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages

Arthropod [SEP] Introduction

An arthropod (, from Greek "arthron", "joint" and "pous", "foot" (gen. ποδός)) is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Euarthropoda, which includes insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. The term Arthropoda as originally proposed refers to a proposed grouping of Euarthropods and the phylum Onychophora. Arthropods are characterized by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. The rigid cuticle inhibits growth, so arthropods replace it periodically by moulting. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an external skeleton.


Context: Mantidae ("mantids")

Context: are there any fossils of this found?

Context: Yes, from Siberia

Context: do they display cannibalistic behavior?

Context: Yes, sexual cannibalism

Context: what happens in this situation?

Context: what is the other species mentioned earlier that this species preys on?

Context: It is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages

Question: describe the segments of the body.

Answer: The embryos of all arthropods are segmented, built from a series of repeated modules

Arthropod [SEP] Segmentation

The embryos of all arthropods are segmented, built from a series of repeated modules. The last common ancestor of living arthropods probably consisted of a series of undifferentiated segments, each with a pair of appendages that functioned as limbs. However, all known living and fossil arthropods have grouped segments into tagmata in which segments and their limbs are specialized in various ways. The three-part appearance of many insect bodies and the two-part appearance of spiders is a result of this grouping; in fact there are no external signs of segmentation in mites. Arthropods also have two body elements that are not part of this serially repeated pattern of segments, an acron at the front, ahead of the mouth, and a telson at the rear, behind the anus.


Context: Mantidae ("mantids")

Context: are there any fossils of this found?

Context: Yes, from Siberia

Context: do they display cannibalistic behavior?

Context: Yes, sexual cannibalism

Context: what happens in this situation?

Context: describe the segments of the body.

Context: The embryos of all arthropods are segmented, built from a series of repeated modules

Question: how is the insect mentioned earlier associated with robots?

Answer: A prototype robot inspired by the forelegs of the praying mantis has front legs that allow the robot to walk, climb steps, and grasp objects

Explanation: A prototype robot inspired by the forelegs of the praying mantis has front legs that allow the robot to walk, climb steps, and grasp objects. The multi-jointed leg provides dexterity via a rotatable joint. Future models may include a more spiked foreleg to improve the grip and ability to support more weight.

Mantis [SEP] Mantis-like robot


Context: Mantidae ("mantids")

Context: are there any fossils of this found?

Context: Yes, from Siberia

Context: do they display cannibalistic behavior?

Context: Yes, sexual cannibalism

Context: what happens in this situation?

Context: describe the segments of the body.

Context: how is the insect mentioned earlier associated with robots?

Context: A prototype robot inspired by the forelegs of the praying mantis has front legs that allow the robot to walk, climb steps, and grasp objects

Question: how would this machine be defined?

Answer: It is a machine, especially one programmable by a computer, capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically

Robot [SEP] Introduction

A robot is a machine—especially one programmable by a computer— capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control may be embedded within. Robots may be constructed on the lines of human form, but most robots are machines designed to perform a task with no regard to their aesthetics. Robots can be autonomous or semi-autonomous and range from humanoids such as Honda's "Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility" (ASIMO) and TOSY's "TOSY Ping Pong Playing Robot" (TOPIO) to industrial robots, medical operating robots, patient assist robots, dog therapy robots, collectively programmed "swarm" robots, UAV drones such as General Atomics MQ-1 Predator, and even microscopic nano robots.


Context: Mantidae ("mantids")

Context: are there any fossils of this found?

Context: Yes, from Siberia

Context: do they display cannibalistic behavior?

Context: Yes, sexual cannibalism

Context: what happens in this situation?

Context: describe the segments of the body.

Context: how would this machine be defined?

Context: It is a machine, especially one programmable by a computer, capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically

Question: where does this term come from?

Answer: Josef Čapek was named by his brother Karel as the true inventor of the term robot

Robot [SEP] Origin of the term 'robot'

'Robot' was first applied as a term for artificial automata in the 1920 play "R.U.R." by the Czech writer, Karel Čapek. However, Josef Čapek was named by his brother Karel as the true inventor of the term robot. The word 'robot' itself was not new, having been in the Slavic language as "robota" (forced laborer), a term which classified those peasants obligated to compulsory service under the feudal system (see: Robot Patent). Čapek's fictional story postulated the technological creation of artificial human bodies without souls, and the old theme of the feudal "robota" class eloquently fit the imagination of a new class of manufactured, artificial workers.


Context: Mantidae ("mantids")

Context: are there any fossils of this found?

Context: Yes, from Siberia

Context: do they display cannibalistic behavior?

Context: Yes, sexual cannibalism

Context: what happens in this situation?

Context: describe the segments of the body.

Context: how would this machine be defined?

Context: where does this term come from?

Context: Josef Čapek was named by his brother Karel as the true inventor of the term robot

Question: how does the military use this?

Answer: Military robots include the SWORDS robot which is currently used in ground-based combat

Robot [SEP] Military robots

Military robots include the SWORDS robot which is currently used in ground-based combat. It can use a variety of weapons and there is some discussion of giving it some degree of autonomy in battleground situations. Unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs), which are an upgraded form of UAVs, can do a wide variety of missions, including combat. UCAVs are being designed such as the BAE Systems Mantis which would have the ability to fly themselves, to pick their own course and target, and to make most decisions on their own. The BAE Taranis is a UCAV built by Great Britain which can fly across continents without a pilot and has new means to avoid detection.


Question: fossil cretaceous creature that was first found in alberta canada

Answer: Albertosaurus

Explanation: Albertosaurus (; meaning "Alberta lizard") is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaurs that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 70 million years ago.

Albertosaurus [SEP] Introduction

It may have been at the top of the food chain in its local ecosystem. While "Albertosaurus" was large for a theropod, it was much smaller than its larger and more famous relative "Tyrannosaurus rex", growing and possibly weighing or less. Since the first discovery in 1884, fossils of more than 30 individuals have been recovered, providing scientists with a more detailed knowledge of "Albertosaurus" anatomy than is available for most other tyrannosaurids. The discovery of 26 individuals at one site provides evidence of pack behaviour and allows studies of ontogeny and population biology, which are impossible with lesser-known dinosaurs.


Context: fossil cretaceous creature that was first found in alberta canada

Context: Albertosaurus

Question: what is this?

Answer: It  is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaurs that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 70 million years ago

Explanation: Albertosaurus (; meaning "Alberta lizard") is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaurs that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 70 million years ago

Albertosaurus [SEP] Introduction


Context: Albertosaurus

Context: what is this?

Context: It  is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaurs that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 70 million years ago

Question: how did its name given?

Answer: It was named by Henry Fairfield Osborn.

Albertosaurus [SEP] Naming

"Albertosaurus" was named by Henry Fairfield Osborn in a one-page note at the end of his 1905 description of "Tyrannosaurus rex". The name honours Alberta, the Canadian province established the same year, in which the first remains were found. The generic name also incorporates the Greek term "σαυρος"/"sauros" ("lizard"), the most common suffix in dinosaur names. The type species is "Albertosaurus sarcophagus"; the specific name is derived from Ancient Greek σαρκοφάγος ("sarkophagos") meaning "flesh-eating" and having the same etymology as the funeral container with which it shares its name: a combination of the Greek words σαρξ/' ("flesh") and φαγειν/' ("to eat").


Context: Albertosaurus

Context: what is this?

Context: how did its name given?

Context: It was named by Henry Fairfield Osborn.

Question: what is the aforesaid period mentioned?

Answer: The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous geological period is divided in the geologic time scale.

Late Cretaceous [SEP] Introduction

The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous geological period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous series. The Cretaceous is named after the white limestone known as chalk which occurs widely in northern France and is seen in the white cliffs of south-eastern England, and which dates from this time.


Context: Albertosaurus

Context: what is this?

Context: how did its name given?

Context: It was named by Henry Fairfield Osborn.

Context: what is the aforesaid period mentioned?

Context: The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous geological period is divided in the geologic time scale.

Question: what is some flora found here?

Answer: In temperate regions, familiar plants like magnolias, sassafras, roses, redwoods, and willows could be found in abundance.

Late Cretaceous [SEP] Flora

Near the end of the Cretaceous Period, flowering plants diversified. In temperate regions, familiar plants like magnolias, sassafras, roses, redwoods, and willows could be found in abundance.


Context: Albertosaurus

Context: what is this?

Context: how did its name given?

Context: It was named by Henry Fairfield Osborn.

Context: what is the aforesaid period mentioned?

Context: what is some flora found here?

Context: In temperate regions, familiar plants like magnolias, sassafras, roses, redwoods, and willows could be found in abundance.

Question: what is the last mentioned?

Answer: Willows, also called sallows and osiers, form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Willow [SEP] Introduction

Willows, also called sallows and osiers, form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are known as willow, but some narrow-leaved shrub species are called osier, and some broader-leaved species are referred to as sallow (from Old English "sealh", related to the Latin word "salix", willow). Some willows (particularly arctic and alpine species) are low-growing or creeping shrubs; for example, the dwarf willow ("Salix herbacea") rarely exceeds in height, though it spreads widely across the ground.


Context: Albertosaurus

Context: what is this?

Context: how did its name given?

Context: It was named by Henry Fairfield Osborn.

Context: what is the aforesaid period mentioned?

Context: what is some flora found here?

Context: what is the last mentioned?

Context: Willows, also called sallows and osiers, form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Question: where is this last mentioned place?

Answer: The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.

Northern Hemisphere [SEP] Introduction

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's North Pole. Owing to the Earth's axial tilt, winter in the Northern Hemisphere lasts from the December solstice (typically December 21 UTC) to the March equinox (typically March 20 UTC), while summer lasts from the June solstice through to the September equinox (typically on 23 September UTC). The dates vary each year due to the difference between the calendar year and the astronomical year.


Context: Albertosaurus

Context: what is this?

Context: how did its name given?

Context: It was named by Henry Fairfield Osborn.

Context: what is the aforesaid period mentioned?

Context: what is some flora found here?

Context: what is the last mentioned?

Context: where is this last mentioned place?

Context: The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.

Question: how is its geographical location?

Answer: Between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer (23°26′ latitude) lies the Northern temperate zone.

Northern Hemisphere [SEP] Geography and climate

The Arctic is a region around the North Pole (90° latitude). Its climate is characterized by cold winters and cool summers. Precipitation mostly comes in the form of snow. Areas inside the Arctic Circle (66°34′ latitude) experience some days in summer when the Sun never sets, and some days during the winter when it never rises. The duration of these phases varies from one day for locations right on the Arctic Circle to several months near the Pole, which is the middle of the Northern Hemisphere. Between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer (23°26′ latitude) lies the Northern temperate zone.


Context: Albertosaurus

Context: what is this?

Context: how did its name given?

Context: It was named by Henry Fairfield Osborn.

Context: what is the aforesaid period mentioned?

Context: what is some flora found here?

Context: what is the last mentioned?

Context: where is this last mentioned place?

Context: how is its geographical location?

Context: Between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer (23°26′ latitude) lies the Northern temperate zone.

Question: what are the continents fall under this?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Albertosaurus

Context: what is this?

Context: how did its name given?

Context: It was named by Henry Fairfield Osborn.

Context: what is the aforesaid period mentioned?

Context: what is some flora found here?

Context: what is the last mentioned?

Context: where is this last mentioned place?

Context: how is its geographical location?

Context: what are the continents fall under this?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is the life span of this aforesaid fossil?

Answer: Most known "Albertosaurus" individuals were aged 14 years or more at the time of death

Albertosaurus [SEP] Life history

Most known "Albertosaurus" individuals were aged 14 years or more at the time of death. Juvenile animals are rarely found as fossils for several reasons, mainly preservation bias, where the smaller bones of younger animals were less likely to be preserved by fossilization than the larger bones of adults, and collection bias, where smaller fossils are less likely to be noticed by collectors in the field. Young "Albertosaurus" are relatively large for juvenile animals, but their remains are still rare in the fossil record compared with adults. It has been suggested that this phenomenon is a consequence of life history, rather than bias, and that fossils of juvenile "Albertosaurus" are rare because they simply did not die as often as adults did.


Context: Albertosaurus

Context: what is this?

Context: how did its name given?

Context: It was named by Henry Fairfield Osborn.

Context: what is the aforesaid period mentioned?

Context: what is some flora found here?

Context: what is the last mentioned?

Context: where is this last mentioned place?

Context: how is its geographical location?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the life span of this aforesaid fossil?

Context: Most known "Albertosaurus" individuals were aged 14 years or more at the time of death

Question: in which pattern does it grow?

Answer: When specimens of intermediate age and size are plotted on a graph, an "S"-shaped growth curve results, with the most rapid growth occurring in a four-year period ending around the sixteenth year of life, a pattern also seen in other tyrannosaurids.

Explanation: When specimens of intermediate age and size are plotted on a graph, an "S"-shaped growth curve results, with the most rapid growth occurring in a four-year period ending around the sixteenth year of life, a pattern also seen in other tyrannosaurids.

Albertosaurus [SEP] Growth pattern

This pattern of relatively early sexual maturation differs strikingly from the pattern in birds, which delay their sexual maturity until after they have finished growing. During growth, through thickening the tooth morphology changed so much that, had the association of young and adult skeletons on the Dry Island bonebed not proven they belonged to the same taxon, the teeth of juveniles would likely have been identified by statistical analysis as those of a different species.


Question: when do mark and lexie die in grey's anatomy

Answer: In season 8, While flying with fellow surgeons to separate conjoined twins.

Explanation: Mark holds Lexie's hand and professes his love for her, telling her that they will get married, have kids, and live the best life together as they are "meant to be". While fantasizing about the future that she and Mark could have had together, Lexie succumbs to her injuries and dies moments before Meredith arrives. The remaining doctors are left stranded in the woods waiting for rescue, with a devastated Meredith crying profusely and Mark refusing to let go of Lexie's hand.

Lexie Grey [SEP] Season 8

Days later, Lexie is named as part of a team of surgeons that will be sent to Boise to separate conjoined twins, along with Mark, Meredith, Derek, Cristina and Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw). While flying to their destination, the doctors' plane crashes in the wilderness and Lexie is crushed under debris from the aircraft but manages to alert Mark and Cristina to help her. The pair try in vain to free Lexie, who realizes that she is suffering from a hemothorax and is unlikely to survive. While Cristina tries to find an oxygen tank and water to save Lexie, Mark holds Lexie's hand and professes his love for her, telling her that they will get married, have kids, and live the best life together as they are "meant to be".


Context: when do mark and lexie die in grey's anatomy

Context: In season 8, While flying with fellow surgeons to separate conjoined twins.

Question: how is she related to meredith grey?

Answer: She is her  younger paternal half-sister.

Lexie Grey [SEP] Introduction

Alexandra Caroline Grey, M.D. is a fictional character from ABC's medical drama television series "Grey's Anatomy", portrayed by actress Chyler Leigh. Created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, the character is introduced in season three as the titular protagonist's younger paternal half-sister. She transfers to Seattle Grace Hospital as a new surgical intern after her mother's sudden death, and is eventually named a surgical resident in season six. Leigh was originally contracted to appear for a multi-episode story arc but ultimately received star billing from seasons four to eight. She has also reprised her role as Lexie on the spin-off show "Private Practice".


Context: how is she related to meredith grey?

Context: She is her  younger paternal half-sister.

Question: when was she first introduced in the series?

Answer: Season three

Explanation: the character is introduced in season three as the titular protagonist's younger paternal half-sister.

Lexie Grey [SEP] Introduction


Context: how is she related to meredith grey?

Context: when was she first introduced in the series?

Context: Season three

Question: who plays her character?

Answer: Actress Chyler Leigh.

Explanation: y actress Chyler Leigh.

Lexie Grey [SEP] Introduction


Context: how is she related to meredith grey?

Context: Season three

Context: who plays her character?

Context: Actress Chyler Leigh.

Question: what response did her character receive?

Answer: Chyler Leigh's performance garnered positive feedback and acclaim as her role on the series progressed, and Lexie soon became a favorite of critics and fans of the show.

Lexie Grey [SEP] Reception

While reception to Lexie Grey was initially mixed, both the character and Chyler Leigh's performance garnered positive feedback and acclaim as her role on the series progressed, and Lexie soon became a favorite of critics and fans of the show. Eileen Lulevitch, an entertainment reviewer for "TV Guide", praised Lexie's introduction in season four. Former "The Star-Ledger" columnist Alan Sepinwall was also favorable of Lexie's arrival at Seattle Grace, feeling that "she's still being written as Meredith circa season one in an attempt to make us like her, but I didn't mind the manipulation, if only because there are so few characters left on this show to like.


Context: how is she related to meredith grey?

Context: Season three

Context: who plays her character?

Context: Actress Chyler Leigh.

Context: what response did her character receive?

Context: Chyler Leigh's performance garnered positive feedback and acclaim as her role on the series progressed, and Lexie soon became a favorite of critics and fans of the show.

Question: how did she die in the series?

Answer: Plane crash

Explanation: plane crashes

Lexie Grey [SEP] Season 8


Context: how is she related to meredith grey?

Context: Season three

Context: who plays her character?

Context: Actress Chyler Leigh.

Context: how did she die in the series?

Context: Plane crash

Question: when was the series initially aired?

Answer: March 27, 2005

Grey's Anatomy [SEP] Introduction

Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement. The fictional series focuses on the lives of surgical interns, residents, and attendings as they develop into seasoned doctors while balancing personal and professional relationships. The title is an allusion to "Gray's Anatomy", a classic human anatomy textbook first published in 1858 in London and written by Henry Gray. Shonda Rhimes developed the pilot and continues to write for the series. She is also one of the executive producers alongside Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg and recently Ellen Pompeo.


Context: how is she related to meredith grey?

Context: Season three

Context: who plays her character?

Context: Actress Chyler Leigh.

Context: how did she die in the series?

Context: Plane crash

Context: when was the series initially aired?

Context: March 27, 2005

Question: who are the main characters in the series?

Answer: Surgical interns Grey, Yang, Stevens, Karev, and O'Malley. They are initially mentored by Bailey, a senior resident who becomes the hospital's Chief Resident, and later an attending general surgeon

Grey's Anatomy [SEP] Main cast

The 5 characters who are first introduced in the series premiere, as surgical interns, are Grey, Yang, Stevens, Karev, and O'Malley. They are initially mentored by Bailey, a senior resident who becomes the hospital's Chief Resident, and later an attending general surgeon, in season 6. The surgical program is initially headed by Richard Webber, the Chief of Surgery, who has a pre-existing personal relationship with Meredith, having had an affair with her mother when Meredith was a child. In Webber's employ are attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, dubbed 'McDreamy' by the residents, and attending cardiothoracic surgeon Preston Burke. Shepherd is introduced as Meredith's love-interest, while Burke begins a relationship with Yang.


Context: how is she related to meredith grey?

Context: Season three

Context: who plays her character?

Context: Actress Chyler Leigh.

Context: how did she die in the series?

Context: Plane crash

Context: when was the series initially aired?

Context: March 27, 2005

Context: who are the main characters in the series?

Context: Surgical interns Grey, Yang, Stevens, Karev, and O'Malley. They are initially mentored by Bailey, a senior resident who becomes the hospital's Chief Resident, and later an attending general surgeon

Question: what is the genre of the series?

Answer: Medical drama

Explanation: medical drama

Grey's Anatomy [SEP] Introduction


Context: how is she related to meredith grey?

Context: Season three

Context: who plays her character?

Context: Actress Chyler Leigh.

Context: how did she die in the series?

Context: Plane crash

Context: when was the series initially aired?

Context: March 27, 2005

Context: what is the genre of the series?

Context: Medical drama

Question: who plays the role of grey?

Answer: The title character, Dr. Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo.

Grey's Anatomy [SEP] Introduction

Although the series is set in Seattle, it is filmed primarily in Los Angeles, California. The series revolves around the title character, Dr. Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo. Grey is first featured as an intern and later becomes the chief of general surgery, all the while exploring the ups-and-downs of a surgeon's life. The original cast consisted of 9 star-billed actors: Ellen Pompeo, Sandra Oh, Katherine Heigl, Justin Chambers, T. R. Knight, Chandra Wilson, James Pickens Jr., Isaiah Washington and Patrick Dempsey. The cast has undergone major changes throughout the series' run. At the start of the sixteenth season, the show had a large ensemble of 14 actors—including 4 characters from the original cast (Meredith Grey, Alex Karev, Miranda Bailey and Richard Webber).


Context: how is she related to meredith grey?

Context: Season three

Context: who plays her character?

Context: Actress Chyler Leigh.

Context: how did she die in the series?

Context: Plane crash

Context: when was the series initially aired?

Context: March 27, 2005

Context: what is the genre of the series?

Context: Medical drama

Context: who plays the role of grey?

Context: The title character, Dr. Meredith Grey, played by Ellen Pompeo.

Question: what was her debut work?

Answer: She made her screen debut with NBC's legal drama "Law & Order"

Ellen Pompeo [SEP] Introduction

Ellen Kathleen Pompeo (born November 10, 1969) is an American actress and producer. One of the world's highest paid actors since 2017, she has made multiple appearances on the "Forbes'" year-end lists. Pompeo is also the recipient of such accolades as a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Special Achievement in Entertaining by the National Italian American Foundation, and a nomination for a Golden Globe Award. Born in Everett, Massachusetts, Pompeo moved to Miami and then to New York City, where she was discovered by a casting director who signed her for an advertisement campaign for L'Oreal. She made her screen debut with NBC's legal drama "Law & Order" and then guest-starred in other television shows, including the comedy "Strangers with Candy", the medical drama "Strong Medicine" and "Friends".


Question: who was douglas albert munro ?

Answer: A United States Coast Guardsman

Douglas Albert Munro [SEP] Introduction

Douglas Albert Munro (October 11, 1919 – September 27, 1942) was a United States Coast Guardsman who was posthumously decorated with the Medal of Honor for an act of "extraordinary heroism" during World War II. He is the only person to have received the medal for actions performed during service in the Coast Guard. Munro was born in Canada to an American father and a British mother, and his family moved to the United States when he was a child. He was raised in South Cle Elum, Washington, and attended Central Washington College of Education before volunteering for military service shortly before the United States entered World War II.


Context:
who was douglas albert munro ?
A United States Coast Guardsman

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Douglas Albert Munro [SEP] Youth, schooling, and enlistment

Douglas Albert Munro was born on October 11, 1919, in Vancouver, British Columbia. His father repatriated his family from Canada to the United States in 1922, settling in South Cle Elum, Washington, where he was employed as an electrician. Munro was baptized at the Holy Nativity Episcopal Church in South Cle Elum. In his youth Munro showed a high level of musical aptitude, mastering percussion, trumpet, and harmonica. He performed in a drum and bugle corps sponsored by the American Legion, the Sons of the American Legion Drum and Bugle Corps, eventually becoming the corps' drillmaster. Munro was also a member of Cle Elum's Boy Scout Troop 84.


Context:
who was douglas albert munro ?
A United States Coast Guardsman
where was he born?
Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Question: which educational institution did he attend?

Answer: Cle Elum High School, Central Washington College of Education

He attended Cle Elum High School, where he was a member of the school's wrestling team. Following his 1937 high school graduation, Munro enrolled in the Central Washington College of Education due to its proximity to Cle Elum, so that he could continue performing in the Sons of the American Legion. Munro was a yell king (a male cheerleader) at Central Washington. In 1939, with the threat of war growing, Munro decided to withdraw from college and enlist in the military. He reportedly told his sister he had chosen the Coast Guard because its primary mission was saving lives. Slightly built, Munro spent the week before his induction eating heavily to meet the Coast Guard's minimum weight standard.


Context: who was douglas albert munro ?

Context: A United States Coast Guardsman

Context: where was he born?

Context: Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Context: which educational institution did he attend?

Context: Cle Elum High School, Central Washington College of Education

Question: where is the latter located?

Answer: Ellensburg, Washington, USA

Central Washington University [SEP] Introduction

Central Washington University (CWU) is a public university in Ellensburg, Washington. Founded in 1891, the university consists of four divisions: the President's Division, Business and Financial Affairs, Operations, and Academic and Student Life (ASL). Within ASL are four colleges: the College of Arts and Humanities, the College of Business (Ellensburg campus and University Centers in the Puget Sound and central regions), the College of Education and Professional Studies, and College of the Sciences. CWU is considered an emerging Hispanic-Serving Institution with 15 percent Hispanic students.


Context: who was douglas albert munro ?

Context: A United States Coast Guardsman

Context: where was he born?

Context: Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Ellensburg, Washington, USA

Question: what is the climate like in this place?

Answer: Cool semi-arid climate

Ellensburg, Washington [SEP] Climate

Owing to the strong Cascade rain shadow, Ellensburg experiences a typical Intermountain cool semi-arid climate (Köppen "BSk").


Context: who was douglas albert munro ?

Context: A United States Coast Guardsman

Context: where was he born?

Context: Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Ellensburg, Washington, USA

Context: what is the climate like in this place?

Context: Cool semi-arid climate

Question: how did the place come into being?

Answer: John Alden Shoudy arrived in the Kittitas Valley in 1871. Shoudy named the new town after his wife, Mary Ellen

Explanation:
John Alden Shoudy arrived in the Kittitas Valley in 1871, and purchased a small trading post from Andrew Jackson "A.J." Splawn, called "Robber's Roost". Robber's Roost was the first business in the valley, aside from the early trading that occurred among Native Americans, cattle drivers, trappers, and miners. It was located on present-day 3rd Avenue, just west of Main Street near the alley. There is a placard on the wall commemorating the location, as well as a small stone monument against the wall on the sidewalk.

Shoudy named the new town after his wife, Mary Ellen, thus officially starting the city of Ellensburgh around 1872. Shoudy had not been the first settler nor the first business person in the Kittitas Valley, but he was responsible for platting the city of Ellensburgh in the 1870s and also named the streets in the downtown district

Ellensburg, Washington [SEP] History


Context: who was douglas albert munro ?

Context: A United States Coast Guardsman

Context: where was he born?

Context: Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Ellensburg, Washington, USA

Context: what is the climate like in this place?

Context: Cool semi-arid climate

Context: how did the place come into being?

Context: John Alden Shoudy arrived in the Kittitas Valley in 1871. Shoudy named the new town after his wife, Mary Ellen

Question: are there any museums here?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Ellensburg, Washington [SEP] History


Context: who was douglas albert munro ?

Context: A United States Coast Guardsman

Context: where was he born?

Context: Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Ellensburg, Washington, USA

Context: what is the climate like in this place?

Context: Cool semi-arid climate

Context: how did the place come into being?

Context: are there any museums here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which ethnic groups are found here?

Answer: White, Asian, African American, Native American

Ellensburg, Washington [SEP] 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 18,174 people, 7,301 households, and 2,889 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 7,867 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 85.7% White, 1.5% African American, 1.0% Native American, 3.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 4.6% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.7% of the population. There were 7,301 households, of which 19.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 60.4% were non-families.


Context: who was douglas albert munro ?

Context: A United States Coast Guardsman

Context: where was he born?

Context: Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Ellensburg, Washington, USA

Context: what is the climate like in this place?

Context: Cool semi-arid climate

Context: how did the place come into being?

Context: are there any museums here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which ethnic groups are found here?

Context: White, Asian, African American, Native American

Question: where did the first term originate?

Answer: From an Old English word

White [SEP] Etymology

The word "white" continues Old English ', ultimately from a Common Germanic ' also reflected in OHG ', ON ', Goth. '. The root is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European language ', surviving also in Sanskrit ' "to be white or bright" and Slavonic ' "light". The Icelandic word for white, ', is directly derived from the Old Norse form of the word '. Common Germanic also had the word *"blankaz" ("white, bright, blinding"), borrowed into Late Latin as *"blancus", which provided the source for Romance words for "white" (Catalan, Occitan and French "blanc", Spanish "blanco", Italian "bianco", Galician-Portuguese "branco", etc.). The antonym of white is black.


Context: who was douglas albert munro ?

Context: A United States Coast Guardsman

Context: where was he born?

Context: Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Ellensburg, Washington, USA

Context: what is the climate like in this place?

Context: Cool semi-arid climate

Context: how did the place come into being?

Context: are there any museums here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which ethnic groups are found here?

Context: where did the first term originate?

Context: From an Old English word

Question: what does the term symbolize as a color?

Answer: Purity

Explanation: According to surveys in Europe and the United States, white is the color most often associated with perfection, the good, honesty, cleanliness, the beginning, the new, neutrality, and exactitude. White is an important color for almost all world religions. The pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, has worn white since 1566, as a symbol of purity and sacrifice. In Islam, and in the Shinto religion of Japan, it is worn by pilgrims. In Western cultures and in Japan, white is the most common color for wedding dresses, symbolizing purity and virginity. In many Asian cultures, white is also the color of mourning.

White [SEP] Symbolic meaning

It was also widely used in 20th century modern architecture as a symbol of modernity and simplicity. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, white is the color most often associated with perfection, the good, honesty, cleanliness, the beginning, the new, neutrality, and exactitude. White is an important color for almost all world religions. The pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, has worn white since 1566, as a symbol of purity and sacrifice. In Islam, and in the Shinto religion of Japan, it is worn by pilgrims. In Western cultures and in Japan, white is the most common color for wedding dresses, symbolizing purity and virginity.


Context: who was douglas albert munro ?

Context: A United States Coast Guardsman

Context: where was he born?

Context: Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Ellensburg, Washington, USA

Context: what is the climate like in this place?

Context: Cool semi-arid climate

Context: how did the place come into being?

Context: are there any museums here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which ethnic groups are found here?

Context: where did the first term originate?

Context: From an Old English word

Context: what does the term symbolize as a color?

Context: Purity

Question: what is its significance in astronomy?

Answer: A stellar remnant called the 'White dwarf' gets its faint luminosity from the emission of its stored thermal energy

White [SEP] Astronomy

A white dwarf is a stellar remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter. They are very dense; a white dwarf's mass is comparable to that of the Sun and its volume is comparable to that of the Earth. Its faint luminosity comes from the emission of stored thermal energy. A white dwarf is very hot when it is formed, but since it has no source of energy, it will gradually radiate away its energy and cool down. This means that its radiation, which initially has a high color temperature, will lessen and redden with time. Over a very long time, a white dwarf will cool to temperatures at which it will no longer emit significant heat or light, and it will become a cold black dwarf.


Context: who was douglas albert munro ?

Context: A United States Coast Guardsman

Context: where was he born?

Context: Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Ellensburg, Washington, USA

Context: what is the climate like in this place?

Context: Cool semi-arid climate

Context: how did the place come into being?

Context: are there any museums here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which ethnic groups are found here?

Context: where did the first term originate?

Context: From an Old English word

Context: Purity

Context: what is its significance in astronomy?

Context: A stellar remnant called the 'White dwarf' gets its faint luminosity from the emission of its stored thermal energy

Question: can you elaborate on the remnant?

Answer: The term compact star (or stellar remnant) refers collectively to white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes.

Compact star [SEP] Introduction

In astronomy, the term compact star (or compact object) refers collectively to white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes. It would grow to include exotic stars if such hypothetical, dense bodies are confirmed to exist. All compact objects have a high mass relative to their radius, giving them a very high density, compared to ordinary atomic matter. Compact stars are often the endpoints of stellar evolution, and are in this respect also called stellar remnants. The state and type of a stellar remnant depends primarily on the mass of the star that it formed from. The ambiguous term "compact star" is often used when the exact nature of the star is not known, but evidence suggests that it has a very small radius compared to ordinary stars.


Context: who was douglas albert munro ?

Context: A United States Coast Guardsman

Context: where was he born?

Context: Vancouver, British Columbia in Canada

Context: where is the latter located?

Context: Ellensburg, Washington, USA

Context: what is the climate like in this place?

Context: Cool semi-arid climate

Context: how did the place come into being?

Context: are there any museums here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which ethnic groups are found here?

Context: where did the first term originate?

Context: From an Old English word

Context: Purity

Context: what is its significance in astronomy?

Context: can you elaborate on the remnant?

Context: The term compact star (or stellar remnant) refers collectively to white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes.

Question: who discovered the first ?

Answer: Henry Norris Russell, Edward Charles Pickering and Williamina Fleming

White dwarf [SEP] Discovery

The first white dwarf discovered was in the triple star system of 40 Eridani, which contains the relatively bright main sequence star 40 Eridani A, orbited at a distance by the closer binary system of the white dwarf 40 Eridani B and the main sequence red dwarf 40 Eridani C. The pair 40 Eridani B/C was discovered by William Herschel on 31 January 1783. In 1910, Henry Norris Russell, Edward Charles Pickering and Williamina Fleming discovered that, despite being a dim star, 40 Eridani B was of spectral type A, or white. In 1939, Russell looked back on the discovery: I was visiting my friend and generous benefactor, Prof.


Question: where does the appalachian trail start in pa

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Appalachian Trail [SEP] Introduction

The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine. The trail is about long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are rerouted or modified. The Appalachian Trail Conservancy describes the Appalachian Trail as the longest hiking-only trail in the world. More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year. The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.


Context: where does the appalachian trail start in pa

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what is this trail?

Answer: It  is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine

Explanation: The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.

Appalachian Trail [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this trail?

Context: It  is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine

Question: what is the historical account behind this trail?

Answer: The trail was conceived by Benton MacKaye, a forester who wrote his original plan called "An Appalachian Trail, A Project in Regional Planning" shortly after the death of his wife in 1921

Appalachian Trail [SEP] History

The trail was conceived by Benton MacKaye, a forester who wrote his original plan—called "An Appalachian Trail, A Project in Regional Planning"—shortly after the death of his wife in 1921. MacKaye's idea detailed a grand trail that would connect a series of farms and wilderness work/study camps for city-dwellers along the Appalachian Mountains from the highest point in the North (Mt. Washington in New Hampshire) to the highest in the South (Mt. Mitchell in North Carolina). Hiking was an incidental focus of his plan. In 1922, at the suggestion of Major William A. Welch, director of the Palisades Interstate Park Commission, his idea was publicized by Raymond H.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this trail?

Context: what is the historical account behind this trail?

Context: The trail was conceived by Benton MacKaye, a forester who wrote his original plan called "An Appalachian Trail, A Project in Regional Planning" shortly after the death of his wife in 1921

Question: what are the states it run through?

Answer: It passes through 14 states which includes  Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York to name a few

Appalachian Trail [SEP] Introduction

The trail itself was completed in 1937 after more than a decade of work, although improvements and changes continue. It is maintained by 31 trail clubs and multiple partnerships, and managed by the National Park Service, United States Forest Service, and the nonprofit Appalachian Trail Conservancy. Most of the trail is in forest or wild lands, although some portions traverse towns, roads and farms. It passes through 14 states: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Thru-hikers attempt to hike the trail in its entirety in a single season.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this trail?

Context: what are the states it run through?

Context: It passes through 14 states which includes  Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York to name a few

Question: what do you know about the first one?

Answer: Georgia is a state in the Southeastern Region of the United States

Georgia (U.S. state) [SEP] Introduction

Georgia () is a state in the Southeastern Region of the United States. Georgia is the 24th-largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States. Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina, to the northeast by South Carolina, to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by Florida, and to the west by Alabama. Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Atlanta, a "beta(+)" global city, is both the state's capital and its largest city. The Atlanta metropolitan area, with an estimated population of more than 6 million people in 2019, is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 57% of Georgia's entire population.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this trail?

Context: what are the states it run through?

Context: what do you know about the first one?

Context: Georgia is a state in the Southeastern Region of the United States

Question: what about the last mentioned state?

Answer: New York is a state in the Northeastern United States, it was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States

New York (state) [SEP] Introduction

New York is a state in the Northeastern United States. New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States. With more than 19 million residents in 2019, it is the fourth-most-populous state. To distinguish it from New York City, which is the largest city in the state, it is sometimes referred to as New York State. Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area (including nearly 40% on Long Island). The state and city were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the future King James II of England. With an estimated population of 8.34 million in 2019, New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for immigration to the United States.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this trail?

Context: what are the states it run through?

Context: what do you know about the first one?

Context: what about the last mentioned state?

Context: New York is a state in the Northeastern United States, it was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States

Question: do ships come here?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

New York (state) [SEP] Introduction


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Context: what is this trail?

Context: what are the states it run through?

Context: what do you know about the first one?

Context: what about the last mentioned state?

Context: do ships come here?

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Question: what is the weather like in the second to last mentioned state?

Answer: There are two climatic conditions in New Jersey, the  south, central, and northeast parts of the state have a humid subtropical climate, while the northwest has a humid continental climate

New Jersey [SEP] Climate

There are two climatic conditions in the state. The south, central, and northeast parts of the state have a humid subtropical climate, while the northwest has a humid continental climate (microthermal), with much cooler temperatures due to higher elevation. New Jersey receives between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. Climate change is affecting New Jersey faster than much of the rest of the United States. As of 2019, New Jersey was one of the fastest-warming states in the nation. Since 1895, average temperatures have climbed by almost 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit, double the average for the other Lower 48 states.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is this trail?

Context: what are the states it run through?

Context: what do you know about the first one?

Context: what about the last mentioned state?

Context: do ships come here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what is the weather like in the second to last mentioned state?

Context: There are two climatic conditions in New Jersey, the  south, central, and northeast parts of the state have a humid subtropical climate, while the northwest has a humid continental climate

Question: what happened to the state during the 19th century?

Answer: New Jersey became the last northern state to abolish new slavery and enacted legislation that slowly phased out existing slavery during this time

New Jersey [SEP] 19th century

On February 15, 1804, New Jersey became the last northern state to abolish new slavery and enacted legislation that slowly phased out existing slavery. This led to a gradual decrease of the slave population. By the close of the Civil War, about a dozen African Americans in New Jersey were still held in bondage. New Jersey voters initially refused to ratify the constitutional amendments banning slavery and granting rights to the United States' black population. Industrialization accelerated in the northern part of the state following completion of the Morris Canal in 1831. The canal allowed for coal to be brought from eastern Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley to northern New Jersey's growing industries in Paterson, Newark, and Jersey City.


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Context: what is this trail?

Context: what are the states it run through?

Context: what do you know about the first one?

Context: what about the last mentioned state?

Context: do ships come here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what happened to the state during the 19th century?

Context: New Jersey became the last northern state to abolish new slavery and enacted legislation that slowly phased out existing slavery during this time

Question: what is the issue of poverty and age in it?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

New Jersey [SEP] 19th century


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Context: what are the states it run through?

Context: what do you know about the first one?

Context: what about the last mentioned state?

Context: do ships come here?

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Context: what is the issue of poverty and age in it?

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Question: what are the prevalent languages here?

Answer: As of 2010, 71.31% residents age5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 14.59%  spoke Spanish, 1.23%  Chinese, 1.06%  Italian, 1.06%  Portuguese, 0.96%  Tagalog, and Korean was spoken as a main language by 0.89%

New Jersey [SEP] Languages

As of 2010, 71.31% (5,830,812) of New Jersey residents age5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 14.59% (1,193,261) spoke Spanish, 1.23% (100,217) Chinese (which includes Cantonese and Mandarin), 1.06% (86,849) Italian, 1.06% (86,486) Portuguese, 0.96% (78,627) Tagalog, and Korean was spoken as a main language by 0.89% (73,057) of the population over the age of five. In total, 28.69% (2,345,644) of New Jersey's population age5 and older spoke a mother language other than English. A diverse collection of languages has since evolved amongst the state's population, given that New Jersey has become cosmopolitan and is home to ethnic enclaves of non-English-speaking communities:


Question: who was the swedish scientist who developed a naming system based on organisms observable traits

Answer: Carl Linnaeus

Explanation: Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus [SEP] Introduction

Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin, and his name is rendered in Latin as (after 1761 Carolus a Linné). Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Småland in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his " in the Netherlands.


Context: who was the swedish scientist who developed a naming system based on organisms observable traits

Context: Carl Linnaeus

Question: where was he born ?

Answer: In the village of Råshult in Småland, Sweden

Carl Linnaeus [SEP] Childhood

Linnaeus was born in the village of Råshult in Småland, Sweden, on 23 May 1707. He was the first child of Nicolaus (Nils) Ingemarsson (who later adopted the family name Linnaeus) and Christina Brodersonia. His siblings were Anna Maria Linnæa, Sofia Juliana Linnæa, Samuel Linnæus (who would eventually succeed their father as rector of Stenbrohult and write a manual on beekeeping), and Emerentia Linnæa. His father taught him Latin as a small child. One of a long line of peasants and priests, Nils was an amateur botanist, a Lutheran minister, and the curate of the small village of Stenbrohult in Småland.


Context: Carl Linnaeus

Context: where was he born ?

Context: In the village of Råshult in Småland, Sweden

Question: what educational qualification he held ?

Answer: Medicine, botany

Explanation: botany

Carl Linnaeus [SEP] Early education

Lannerus noticed Linnaeus's interest in botany and gave him the run of his garden. He also introduced him to Johan Rothman, the state doctor of Småland and a teacher at Katedralskolan (a gymnasium) in Växjö. Also a botanist, Rothman broadened Linnaeus's interest in botany and helped him develop an interest in medicine. By the age of 17, Linnaeus had become well acquainted with the existing botanical literature. He remarks in his journal that he "read day and night, knowing like the back of my hand, Arvidh Månsson's Rydaholm Book of Herbs, Tillandz's Flora Åboensis, Palmberg's Serta Florea Suecana, Bromelii Chloros Gothica and Rudbeckii Hortus Upsaliensis".


Context: Carl Linnaeus

Context: where was he born ?

Context: what educational qualification he held ?

Context: Medicine, botany

Question: how was he involved in human taxonomy?

Answer: During his time at Hartekamp, he examined several monkeys and noted similarities between them and man. So he was the first to include humans taxonomically grouped with apes

Carl Linnaeus [SEP] Human taxonomy

Linnaeus's system of taxonomy was especially noted as the first to include humans ("Homo") taxonomically grouped with apes ("Simia"), under the header of "Anthropomorpha". German biologist Ernst Haeckel speaking in 1907 noted this as the "most important sign of Linnaeus's genius". Linnaeus classified humans among the primates beginning with the first edition of "". During his time at Hartekamp, he had the opportunity to examine several monkeys and noted similarities between them and man. He pointed out both species basically have the same anatomy; except for speech, he found no other differences. Thus he placed man and monkeys under the same category, "Anthropomorpha", meaning "manlike." This classification received criticism from other biologists such as Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Jacob Theodor Klein and Johann Georg Gmelin on the ground that it is illogical to describe man as human-like.


Context: Carl Linnaeus

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Medicine, botany

Context: how was he involved in human taxonomy?

Context: During his time at Hartekamp, he examined several monkeys and noted similarities between them and man. So he was the first to include humans taxonomically grouped with apes

Question: what were his economic beliefs ?

Answer: Older economic doctrine of Cameralism

Explanation: older economic doctrine of Cameralism.

Carl Linnaeus [SEP] Influences and economic beliefs

Linnaeus's applied science was inspired not only by the instrumental utilitarianism general to the early Enlightenment, but also by his adherence to the older economic doctrine of Cameralism. Additionally, Linnaeus was a state interventionist. He supported tariffs, levies, export bounties, quotas, embargoes, navigation acts, subsidised investment capital, ceilings on wages, cash grants, state-licensed producer monopolies, and cartels.


Context: Carl Linnaeus

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Medicine, botany

Context: how was he involved in human taxonomy?

Context: what were his economic beliefs ?

Context: Older economic doctrine of Cameralism

Question: what were his influence ?

Answer: Linnaeus was a state interventionist. He supported tariffs, levies, export bounties, quotas, embargoes, navigation acts, subsidised investment capital, ceilings on wages, cash grants, state-licensed producer monopolies, and cartels.

Explanation: Linnaeus was a state interventionist. He supported tariffs, levies, export bounties, quotas, embargoes, navigation acts, subsidised investment capital, ceilings on wages, cash grants, state-licensed producer monopolies, and cartels.


Context: Carl Linnaeus

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Medicine, botany

Context: how was he involved in human taxonomy?

Context: what were his economic beliefs ?

Context: Older economic doctrine of Cameralism

Context: what were his influence ?

Context: Linnaeus was a state interventionist. He supported tariffs, levies, export bounties, quotas, embargoes, navigation acts, subsidised investment capital, ceilings on wages, cash grants, state-licensed producer monopolies, and cartels.

Question: did he have any doctorate ?

Answer: Linnaeus intended to study medicine at the University of Harderwijk

Carl Linnaeus [SEP] Doctorate

His relations with Nils Rosén having worsened, Linnaeus accepted an invitation from Claes Sohlberg, son of a mining inspector, to spend the Christmas holiday in Falun, where Linnaeus was permitted to visit the mines. In April 1735, at the suggestion of Sohlberg's father, Linnaeus and Sohlberg set out for the Dutch Republic, where Linnaeus intended to study medicine at the University of Harderwijk while tutoring Sohlberg in exchange for an annual salary. At the time, it was common for Swedes to pursue doctoral degrees in the Netherlands, then a highly revered place to study natural history. On the way, the pair stopped in Hamburg, where they met the mayor, who proudly showed them a supposed wonder of nature in his possession: the taxidermied remains of a seven-headed hydra.


Context: Carl Linnaeus

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Medicine, botany

Context: how was he involved in human taxonomy?

Context: what were his economic beliefs ?

Context: Older economic doctrine of Cameralism

Context: what were his influence ?

Context: did he have any doctorate ?

Context: Linnaeus intended to study medicine at the University of Harderwijk

Question: when was this university founded ?

Answer: 1648

University of Harderwijk [SEP] Introduction

The University of Harderwijk (1648–1811), also named the "Guelders Academy" (), was located in the city Harderwijk, in the Republic of the United Provinces (now: the Netherlands). It was founded by the province of Guelders (Gelre).


Context: Carl Linnaeus

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Medicine, botany

Context: how was he involved in human taxonomy?

Context: what were his economic beliefs ?

Context: Older economic doctrine of Cameralism

Context: what were his influence ?

Context: did he have any doctorate ?

Context: when was this university founded ?

Question: where is it located ?

Answer: In the city Harderwijk, in the Republic of the United Provinces

Explanation: in the city Harderwijk, in the Republic of the United Provinces (now: the Netherlands)


Context: Carl Linnaeus

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Medicine, botany

Context: how was he involved in human taxonomy?

Context: what were his economic beliefs ?

Context: Older economic doctrine of Cameralism

Context: what were his influence ?

Context: did he have any doctorate ?

Context: when was this university founded ?

Context: where is it located ?

Context: In the city Harderwijk, in the Republic of the United Provinces

Question: name some of its alumni ?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Question: where did the loggerhead sea turtle originate from

Answer: Cape of Good Hope

Explanation: Around three million years ago, during the Pliocene epoch, Central America emerged from the sea, effectively cutting off currents between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans. The rerouting of ocean currents led to climatic changes as the Earth entered a glacial cycle. Cold water upwelling around the Cape of Good Hope and reduction in water temperature at Cape Horn

Loggerhead sea turtle [SEP] Evolutionary history

The rerouting of ocean currents led to climatic changes as the Earth entered a glacial cycle. Cold water upwelling around the Cape of Good Hope and reduction in water temperature at Cape Horn formed coldwater barriers to migrating turtles. The result was a complete isolation of the Atlantic and Pacific populations of loggerheads. During the most recent ice age, the beaches of southeastern North America were too cold for sea turtle eggs. As the Earth began to warm, loggerheads moved farther north, colonizing the northern beaches. Because of this, turtles nesting between North Carolina and northern Florida represent a different genetic population from those in southern Florida.


Context: where did the loggerhead sea turtle originate from

Context: Cape of Good Hope

Question: where is the above place located?

Answer: It is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa.

Cape of Good Hope [SEP] Introduction

The Cape of Good Hope ( ; ; ) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa. This misconception was based on the misbelief that the Cape was the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Contemporary geographic knowledge instead states the southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas about to the east-southeast. The currents of the two oceans meet at the point where the warm-water Agulhas current meets the cold-water Benguela current and turns back on itself.


Context: Cape of Good Hope

Context: where is the above place located?

Context: It is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa.

Question: what plants are found in the previous place?

Answer: Proteas, ericas (heath), and restios (reeds).

Cape of Good Hope [SEP] Flora

Characteristic fynbos plants include proteas, ericas (heath), and restios (reeds). Some of the most striking and well-known members belong to the Proteacae family, of which up to 24 species occur. These include king protea, sugarbush, tree pincushion and golden cone bush ("Leucadendron laureolum"). Many popular horticultural plants like pelargoniums, freesias, daisies, lilies and irises also have their origins in fynbos.


Context: Cape of Good Hope

Context: where is the above place located?

Context: what plants are found in the previous place?

Context: Proteas, ericas (heath), and restios (reeds).

Question: how is the first one listed here, cultivated?

Answer: Pollination, cross breeding

Explanation: Proteas are currently cultivated in over 20 countries. Cultivation is restricted to Mediterranean and subtropical climates. Three categories of traits have to be considered before developing a new cultivar. The yield or production capacity of the cultivar must be considered. The ease of handling and packaging of the cut stems and the last category is to consider the perceived market value of the cultivar The cultivation of a "Protea " plant is time-consuming, so good planning when developing the cross combinations and goals are of great importance of the breeding programme. Some protea flower species, like the king protea flower, are self-pollinating flowers. Other protea species, however, such as "P. cordata", "P. decurrens", and "P. scabra" are self-incompatible, thus rely on cross-pollination for successive seed set. The main vectors responsible for the transfer of pollen in protea cultivation are birds, insects, and wind. Some "Protea" species exhibit both self-pollination and cros

Protea [SEP] Cultivation


Context: Cape of Good Hope

Context: where is the above place located?

Context: how is the first one listed here, cultivated?

Context: Pollination, cross breeding

Question: describe the first process?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Protea [SEP] Cultivation


Context: Cape of Good Hope

Context: where is the above place located?

Context: Pollination, cross breeding

Context: describe the first process?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: the country previously mentioned, has it got any specific prehistorical archaeological mention?

Answer: Yes, human- fossil sites such as Gauteng Province.  UNESCO World Heritage , Sterkfontein to name a few

Explanation:
South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological and human-fossil sites in the world. Archaeologists have recovered extensive fossil remains from a series of caves in Gauteng Province. The area, a UNESCO World Heritage site, has been branded "the Cradle of Humankind". The sites include Sterkfontein, one of the richest sites for hominin fossils in the world. Other sites include Swartkrans, Gondolin Cave Kromdraai, Coopers Cave and Malapa. Raymond Dart identified the first hominin fossil discovered in Africa, the Taung Child (found near Taung) in 1924. Further hominin remains have come from the sites of Makapansgat in Limpopo Province, Cornelia and Florisbad in the Free State Province, Border Cave in KwaZulu-Natal Province, Klasies River Mouth in Eastern Cape Province and Pinnacle Point, Elandsfontein and Die Kelders Cave in Western Cape Province.

These finds suggest that various hominid species existed in South Africa from about three million years ago, starting with "Australopi

South Africa [SEP] Prehistoric archaeology


Context: Cape of Good Hope

Context: where is the above place located?

Context: Pollination, cross breeding

Context: describe the first process?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: the country previously mentioned, has it got any specific prehistorical archaeological mention?

Context: Yes, human- fossil sites such as Gauteng Province.  UNESCO World Heritage , Sterkfontein to name a few

Question: the same country did it face any kind of activism due to racism?

Answer: Yes. Native Location Act of 1879

South Africa [SEP] Independence

Within the country, anti-British policies among white South Africans focused on independence. During the Dutch and British colonial years, racial segregation was mostly informal, though some legislation was enacted to control the settlement and movement of native people, including the Native Location Act of 1879 and the system of pass laws. Eight years after the end of the Second Boer War and after four years of negotiation, an act of the British Parliament (South Africa Act 1909) granted nominal independence, while creating the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910. The Union was a dominion that included the former territories of the Cape, Transvaal and Natal colonies, as well as the Orange Free State republic.


Context: Cape of Good Hope

Context: where is the above place located?

Context: Pollination, cross breeding

Context: describe the first process?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: the same country did it face any kind of activism due to racism?

Context: Yes. Native Location Act of 1879

Question: what does this act define?

Answer: It defined an act of racial segregation in South Africa

Explanation: The Native Location Act of 1879 was an act of racial segregation in South Africa.

Native Location Act of 1879 [SEP] Introduction


Context: Cape of Good Hope

Context: where is the above place located?

Context: Pollination, cross breeding

Context: describe the first process?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes. Native Location Act of 1879

Context: what does this act define?

Context: It defined an act of racial segregation in South Africa

Question: what is the natural home of the animal mentioned here?

Answer: Northwestern Atlantic Ocean

Loggerhead sea turtle [SEP] Habitat

Loggerhead sea turtles spend most of their lives in the open ocean and in shallow coastal waters. They rarely come ashore besides the females' brief visits to construct nests and deposit eggs. Hatchling loggerhead turtles live in floating mats of "Sargassum" algae. Adults and juveniles live along the continental shelf as well as in shallow coastal estuaries. In the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, age plays a factor in habitat preference. Juveniles are more frequently found in shallow estuarine habitats with limited ocean access compared to non-nesting adults. Loggerheads occupy waters with surface temperatures ranging from during non-nesting season. Temperatures from are most suitable for nesting females.


Context: Cape of Good Hope

Context: where is the above place located?

Context: Pollination, cross breeding

Context: describe the first process?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes. Native Location Act of 1879

Context: what does this act define?

Context: what is the natural home of the animal mentioned here?

Context: Northwestern Atlantic Ocean

Question: what are the major enemies who prey on these creatures?

Answer: Red Fox, Raccon, flesh flies, ghost crabs, oligochaete worms, beetles, fly larvae to name a few

Explanation:
Loggerheads have numerous predators, especially early in their lives. Egg and nestling predators include ghost crabs, oligochaete worms, beetles, fly larvae, ants, flesh flies, snakes, gulls, corvids, opossums, bears, rats, armadillos, mustelids, skunks, canids, procyonids, cats, pigs, and humans. During their migration from their nests to the sea, hatchlings are preyed on by dipteran larvae, crabs, toads, lizards, snakes, seabirds such as frigatebirds, and other assorted birds and mammals. In the ocean, predators of the loggerhead juveniles include portunid crabs and various fishes, such as parrotfishes and moray eels. Adults are more rarely attacked due to their large size, but may be preyed on by large sharks, seals, and killer whales. Nesting females are attacked by flesh flies, feral dogs, and humans. Salt marsh mosquitos can also pester nesting females.

In Australia, the introduction of the red fox ("Vulpes vulpes") by British settlers in the 19th century led to significant redu

Loggerhead sea turtle [SEP] Predators


Context: Cape of Good Hope

Context: where is the above place located?

Context: Pollination, cross breeding

Context: describe the first process?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes. Native Location Act of 1879

Context: what does this act define?

Context: Northwestern Atlantic Ocean

Context: what are the major enemies who prey on these creatures?

Context: Red Fox, Raccon, flesh flies, ghost crabs, oligochaete worms, beetles, fly larvae to name a few

Question: does the creature in discussion suffer from any kind of illness?

Answer: Yes. Diseases such as Fibropapillomatosis, endocarditis, endocarditis to name a few

Explanation:
Infectious bacteria such as "Pseudomonas" and "Salmonella" attack loggerhead hatchlings and eggs. Fungi such as "Penicillium" infect loggerhead sea turtle nests and cloacae.

Fibropapillomatosis disease caused by a form of the herpes-type virus threatens loggerheads with internal and external tumors. These tumors disrupt essential behaviors and, if on the eyes, cause permanent blindness. Trematodes of the family Spirorchiidae inhabit tissues throughout the body of the loggerhead, including vital organs, such as the heart and the brain. Trematode infection can be highly debilitating. For example, inflammatory trematode lesions can cause endocarditis and neurological disease. A nematode, "Angiostoma carettae", also infects loggerheads, causing histologic lesions in the respiratory tract.

More than 100 species of animals from 13 phyla, as well as 37 kinds of algae, live on loggerheads' backs. These parasitic organisms, which increase drag, offer no known benefit to the turtle, although t

Loggerhead sea turtle [SEP] Disease and parasites


Question: what is science-fiction plus?

Answer: An American science fiction magazine

Explanation: an American science fiction magazine

Science-Fiction Plus [SEP] Introduction

Science-Fiction Plus was an American science fiction magazine published by Hugo Gernsback for seven issues in 1953. In 1926, Gernsback had launched "Amazing Stories," the first science fiction magazine, but he had not been involved in the genre since 1936, when he sold "Wonder Stories". "Science-Fiction Plus" was initially in slick format, meaning that it was large-size and printed on glossy paper. Gernsback had always believed in the educational power of science fiction, and he continued to advocate his views in the new magazine's editorials. The managing editor, Sam Moskowitz, had been a reader of the early pulp magazines, and published many writers who had been popular before World War II, such as Raymond Z.


Context:
what is science-fiction plus?
An American science fiction magazine

Question: what types of articles does it feature?

Answer: Science fiction

Explanation: cience fiction

Science-Fiction Plus [SEP] Introduction


Context:
what is science-fiction plus?
An American science fiction magazine
what types of articles does it feature?
Science fiction

Question: when was it first published?

Answer: In 1953

Explanation: n 1953.

Science-Fiction Plus [SEP] Introduction


Context:
what is science-fiction plus?
An American science fiction magazine
what types of articles does it feature?
Science fiction
when was it first published?
In 1953

Question: when was this genre created first?

Answer: 1936

Science-Fiction Plus [SEP] Introduction


Context:
what is science-fiction plus?
An American science fiction magazine
what types of articles does it feature?
Science fiction
when was it first published?
In 1953
when was this genre created first?
1936

Question: what were some of the first publications in this genre?

Answer: "Amazing Stories", "Air Wonder Stories"

Explanation: "Air Wonder Stories"

Science-Fiction Plus [SEP] Publication history

The first science fiction (sf) magazine, "Amazing Stories", was launched in 1926 by Hugo Gernsback at the height of the pulp magazine era. It helped to form science fiction as a separately marketed genre, and although Gernsback lost control of "Amazing Stories" in a bankruptcy in 1929, he quickly started several more sf magazines, including "Air Wonder Stories" and "Science Wonder Stories". The two magazines were soon combined as "Wonder Stories", which lasted until 1936, when Gernsback sold it to Ned Pines of Beacon Magazines. Gernsback remained in the publishing business as proprietor of several profitable magazines, but he did not return to the sf field for nearly seventeen years, when "Science-Fiction Plus" appeared.


Context: what is science-fiction plus?

Context: An American science fiction magazine

Context: what types of articles does it feature?

Context: Science fiction

Context: when was it first published?

Context: In 1953

Context: when was this genre created first?

Context: what were some of the first publications in this genre?

Context: "Amazing Stories", "Air Wonder Stories"

Question: when was the latter published?

Answer: 1929

Wonder Stories [SEP] Introduction

Wonder Stories was an early American science fiction magazine which was published under several titles from 1929 to 1955. It was founded by Hugo Gernsback in 1929 after he had lost control of his first science fiction magazine, "Amazing Stories", when his media company Experimenter Publishing went bankrupt. Within a few months of the bankruptcy, Gernsback launched three new magazines: "Air Wonder Stories", "Science Wonder Stories", and "Science Wonder Quarterly". "Air Wonder Stories" and "Science Wonder Stories" were merged in 1930 as "Wonder Stories", and the quarterly was renamed "Wonder Stories Quarterly". The magazines were not financially successful, and in 1936 Gernsback sold "Wonder Stories" to Ned Pines at Beacon Publications, where, retitled "Thrilling Wonder Stories", it continued for nearly 20 years.


Context: what is science-fiction plus?

Context: An American science fiction magazine

Context: what types of articles does it feature?

Context: Science fiction

Context: when was it first published?

Context: In 1953

Context: when was this genre created first?

Context: "Amazing Stories", "Air Wonder Stories"

Context: when was the latter published?

Question: who wrote it?

Answer: Hugo Gernsback

Explanation: Hugo Gernsback in 1929 after he had lost control of his first science fiction

Wonder Stories [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is science-fiction plus?

Context: An American science fiction magazine

Context: what types of articles does it feature?

Context: Science fiction

Context: when was it first published?

Context: In 1953

Context: when was this genre created first?

Context: "Amazing Stories", "Air Wonder Stories"

Context: when was the latter published?

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Hugo Gernsback

Question: what else has he written?

Answer: "Amazing Stories"

Explanation: "Amazing Stories"

Hugo Gernsback [SEP] Science fiction

Gernsback provided a forum for the modern genre of science fiction in 1926 by founding the first magazine dedicated to it, "Amazing Stories". The inaugural April issue comprised a one-page editorial and reissues of six stories, three less than ten years old and three by Poe, Verne, and Wells. He said he became interested in the concept after reading a translation of the work of Percival Lowell as a child. His idea of a perfect science fiction story was "75 percent literature interwoven with 25 percent science". He also played an important role in starting science fiction fandom, by organizing the Science Fiction League and by publishing the addresses of people who wrote letters to his magazines.


Context: what is science-fiction plus?

Context: An American science fiction magazine

Context: what types of articles does it feature?

Context: Science fiction

Context: when was it first published?

Context: In 1953

Context: when was this genre created first?

Context: "Amazing Stories", "Air Wonder Stories"

Context: when was the latter published?

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Hugo Gernsback

Context: what else has he written?

Context: "Amazing Stories"

Question: has he done any other broadcasting?

Answer: Yes, he published "Radio News"

Explanation: he published "Radio News"

Hugo Gernsback [SEP] Influence in radio electronics and broadcasting

Gernsback made significant contributions to the growth of early broadcasting, mostly through his efforts as a publisher. He originated the industry of specialized publications for radio with "Modern Electrics" and "Electrical Experimenter". Later on, and more influentially, he published "Radio News", which would have the largest readership among radio magazines in radio broadcasting's formative years. He edited "Radio News" until 1929. For a short time he hired John F. Rider to be editor. Rider was a former engineer working with the US Army Signal Corps and a radio engineer for Alfred H. Grebe, a radio manufacturer. However, Rider would soon leave Gernsback and form his own publishing company, John F.


Context: what is science-fiction plus?

Context: An American science fiction magazine

Context: what types of articles does it feature?

Context: Science fiction

Context: when was it first published?

Context: In 1953

Context: when was this genre created first?

Context: "Amazing Stories", "Air Wonder Stories"

Context: when was the latter published?

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Hugo Gernsback

Context: what else has he written?

Context: "Amazing Stories"

Context: has he done any other broadcasting?

Context: Yes, he published "Radio News"

Question: who were the characters in the previously mentioned book by gernsback?

Answer: Shaver Mystery, Deros

Amazing Stories [SEP] Introduction

Palmer as editor. Palmer made the magazine successful though it was not regarded as a quality magazine within the science fiction community. In the late 1940s "Amazing" presented as fact stories about the Shaver Mystery, a lurid mythos that explained accidents and disaster as the work of robots named deros, which led to dramatically increased circulation but widespread ridicule. "Amazing" switched to a digest size format in 1953, shortly before the end of the pulp-magazine era. It was sold to Sol Cohen's Universal Publishing Company in 1965, which filled it with reprinted stories but did not pay a reprint fee to the authors, creating a conflict with the newly formed Science Fiction Writers of America.


Context: what is science-fiction plus?

Context: An American science fiction magazine

Context: what types of articles does it feature?

Context: Science fiction

Context: when was it first published?

Context: In 1953

Context: when was this genre created first?

Context: "Amazing Stories", "Air Wonder Stories"

Context: when was the latter published?

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Hugo Gernsback

Context: what else has he written?

Context: "Amazing Stories"

Context: has he done any other broadcasting?

Context: Yes, he published "Radio News"

Context: who were the characters in the previously mentioned book by gernsback?

Context: Shaver Mystery, Deros

Question: who edited it?

Answer: Raymond A. Palmer and later Ted White

Explanation: Raymond A. Palmer

Amazing Stories [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is science-fiction plus?

Context: An American science fiction magazine

Context: what types of articles does it feature?

Context: Science fiction

Context: when was it first published?

Context: In 1953

Context: when was this genre created first?

Context: "Amazing Stories", "Air Wonder Stories"

Context: when was the latter published?

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Hugo Gernsback

Context: what else has he written?

Context: "Amazing Stories"

Context: has he done any other broadcasting?

Context: Yes, he published "Radio News"

Context: Shaver Mystery, Deros

Context: who edited it?

Context: Raymond A. Palmer and later Ted White

Question: who is the former?

Answer: An American author and editor

Explanation: n American author and editor,

Raymond A. Palmer [SEP] Introduction

Raymond Arthur Palmer (August 1, 1910 – August 15, 1977) was an American author and editor, best known as editor of "Amazing Stories" from 1938 through 1949, when he left publisher Ziff-Davis to publish and edit "Fate Magazine", and eventually many other magazines and books through his own publishing houses, including Amherst Press and Palmer Publications. In addition to magazines such as "Mystic," "Search," and "Flying Saucers", he published or republished numerous spiritualist books, including "", as well as several books related to flying saucers, including "The Coming of the Saucers", co-written by Palmer with Kenneth Arnold. Palmer was also a prolific author of science fiction and fantasy stories, many of which were published under pseudonyms.


Context: what is science-fiction plus?

Context: An American science fiction magazine

Context: what types of articles does it feature?

Context: Science fiction

Context: when was it first published?

Context: In 1953

Context: when was this genre created first?

Context: "Amazing Stories", "Air Wonder Stories"

Context: when was the latter published?

Context: who wrote it?

Context: Hugo Gernsback

Context: what else has he written?

Context: "Amazing Stories"

Context: has he done any other broadcasting?

Context: Yes, he published "Radio News"

Context: Shaver Mystery, Deros

Context: who edited it?

Context: Raymond A. Palmer and later Ted White

Context: who is the former?

Context: An American author and editor

Question: can you name one other genre in which he has written?

Answer: Spiritual Publications

Raymond A. Palmer [SEP] Spiritual publications

Palmer's avid interest in spirituality and alternative explanations of reality was reflected in his choice of publications. His interest in the Oahspe Bible, led him on a 15-year search for a copy of the original 1882 edition published by Oahspe Publishing Assoc., New York and London. Although a later edited and revised edition was published in 1891 and reprinted over the years, the original 1882 Oahspe Bible was not available until Palmer republished a facsimile of it in 1960. It is often referred to as "The Palmer Edition" or "The Green Oahspe" among Oahspe readers. He continued to publish and reprint later editions to which he added an index and editor's notes.


Question: why mumbai is called financial capital of india

Answer: It generates 6.16% of the total GDP

Mumbai [SEP] Economy

Mumbai is India's largest city (by population) and is the financial and commercial capital of the country as it generates 6.16% of the total GDP. It serves as an economic hub of India, contributing 10% of factory employment, 25% of industrial output, 33% of income tax collections, 60% of customs duty collections, 20% of central excise tax collections, 40% of India's foreign trade and in corporate taxes. Along with the rest of India, Mumbai has witnessed an economic boom since the liberalisation of 1991, the finance boom in the mid-nineties and the IT, export, services and outsourcing boom in the 2000s.


Context: why mumbai is called financial capital of india

Context: It generates 6.16% of the total GDP

Question: what can you tell about the people of this place?

Answer: A resident of Mumbai is called "Mumbaikar" in Marathi, in which the suffix "kar" means a "resident of"

Mumbai [SEP] People from Mumbai

A resident of Mumbai is called "Mumbaikar" in Marathi, in which the suffix "kar" means a "resident of". The term had been in use for quite some time but it gained popularity after the official name change to Mumbai. Older terms such as "Bombayite" are also in use.


Context: It generates 6.16% of the total GDP

Context: what can you tell about the people of this place?

Context: A resident of Mumbai is called "Mumbaikar" in Marathi, in which the suffix "kar" means a "resident of"

Question: was it ever ruled by someone?

Answer: Yes. Portuguese and British

Mumbai [SEP] Portuguese and British rule

By the middle of the 17th century the growing power of the Dutch Empire forced the English to acquire a station in western India. On 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed the islands in possession of the English Empire, as part of Catherine's dowry to Charles. However, Salsette, Bassein, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. From 1665 to 1666, the English managed to acquire Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala. In accordance with the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, England leased these islands to the English East India Company in 1668 for a sum of £10 per annum.


Context: It generates 6.16% of the total GDP

Context: was it ever ruled by someone?

Context: Yes. Portuguese and British

Question: can you mention one of the feature of india after independence?

Answer: After India's independence, the territory of the Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State

Mumbai [SEP] Independent India

After India's independence in 1947, the territory of the Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. The area of Bombay State increased, after several erstwhile princely states that joined the Indian union were integrated into the state. Subsequently, the city became the capital of Bombay State. In April 1950, Municipal limits of Bombay were expanded by merging the Bombay Suburban District and Bombay City to form the Greater Bombay Municipal Corporation. The Samyukta Maharashtra movement to create a separate Maharashtra state including Bombay was at its height in the 1950s. In the "Lok Sabha" discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state.


Context: It generates 6.16% of the total GDP

Context: was it ever ruled by someone?

Context: Yes. Portuguese and British

Context: can you mention one of the feature of india after independence?

Context: After India's independence, the territory of the Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State

Question: when did the above mentioned state came into existence?

Answer: 1947

Bombay State [SEP] History

During the British Raj, portions of the western coast of India under direct British rule were part of the Bombay Presidency. In 1937, the Bombay Presidency became a province of British India. After India gained independence in 1947, Bombay Presidency became part of India, and Sind province became part of Pakistan. The territory retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. It included princely states such as Kolhapur in Deccan, and Baroda and the Dangs in Gujarat, which had been under the political influence of the former Bombay Presidency.


Context: It generates 6.16% of the total GDP

Context: was it ever ruled by someone?

Context: Yes. Portuguese and British

Context: when did the above mentioned state came into existence?

Question: was this state dissolved?

Answer: Yes. On 1 May 1960

Bombay State [SEP] Dissolution of Bombay state

Bombay State was finally dissolved with the formation of Maharashtra and Gujarat states on 1 May 1960. Following protests of Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, in which 107 people were killed by police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines. Gujarati-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat following Mahagujarat Movement. Maharashtra State with Bombay as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar, five districts from Hyderabad State, and numerous princely states enclosed between them.


Context: It generates 6.16% of the total GDP

Context: was it ever ruled by someone?

Context: Yes. Portuguese and British

Context: was this state dissolved?

Context: Yes. On 1 May 1960

Question: why did it happen?

Answer: Due to protests of Samyukta Maharashtra Movement and Mahagujarat Movement

Explanation: Following protests of Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, in which 107 people were killed by police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines. Gujarati-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat following Mahagujarat Movement.


Context: It generates 6.16% of the total GDP

Context: was it ever ruled by someone?

Context: Yes. Portuguese and British

Context: was this state dissolved?

Context: Yes. On 1 May 1960

Context: why did it happen?

Context: Due to protests of Samyukta Maharashtra Movement and Mahagujarat Movement

Question: who was the chief minister during this period?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE