Context: The Confederates surrendered.

Context: 18 May to 4 July 1863.

Context: The Union.

Context: where is this place?

Context: Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Context: which country?

Context: United States.

Context: what does the word siege mean?

Context: who was in command of the confederates?

Context: Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton.

Context: who was in command of the union?

Context: Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant .

Context: were there any changes in the command?

Context: how many people died during the siege?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was vicksburg captured?

Context: 4 July 1863.

Question: what happened afterwards?

Answer: Capturing Vicksburg completed the second part of the Northern strategy, the Anaconda Plan.

Siege of Vicksburg [SEP] Aftermath

Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River; therefore, capturing it completed the second part of the Northern strategy, the Anaconda Plan. The successful ending of the Vicksburg campaign significantly degraded the ability of the Confederacy to maintain its war effort. This action, combined with the surrender of Port Hudson to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks on July 9, yielded command of the Mississippi River to the Union forces, who would hold it for the rest of the conflict. The Confederate surrender on July 4, 1863 is sometimes considered, when combined with Gen. Robert E. Lee's July 3rd defeat at Gettysburg by Maj.


Context: what was the result of the battle of vicksburg

Context: The Confederates surrendered.

Context: when did the siege of vicksburg take place?

Context: 18 May to 4 July 1863.

Context: who was fighting against the confederates?

Context: The Union.

Context: where is this place?

Context: Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Context: which country?

Context: United States.

Context: what does the word siege mean?

Context: The Siege of Vicksburg  was the final major military action in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War.

Context: who was in command of the confederates?

Context: Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton.

Context: who was in command of the union?

Context: Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant .

Context: were there any changes in the command?

Context: Yes, General McClernand was relieved and in his place Maj. Gen. Edward Ord was put on charge.

Context: how many people died during the siege?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was vicksburg captured?

Context: 4 July 1863.

Context: what happened afterwards?

Context: Capturing Vicksburg completed the second part of the Northern strategy, the Anaconda Plan.

Question: what weapons were used during this siege?

Answer: Guns.

Siege of Vicksburg [SEP] Military situation

The Confederates evacuated Hayne's Bluff, which was subsequently occupied by Sherman's cavalry on May 19, and Union steamboats no longer had to run the guns of Vicksburg, now being able to dock by the dozens up the Yazoo River. Grant could now receive supplies more directly than by the previous route, which ran through Louisiana, over the river crossing at Grand Gulf and Bruinsburg, then back up north. Over half of Pemberton's army had been lost in the two preceding battles and many in Vicksburg expected General Joseph E. Johnston, in command of the Confederate Department of the West, to relieve the city—which he never did.


Context: The Confederates surrendered.

Context: 18 May to 4 July 1863.

Context: The Union.

Context: where is this place?

Context: Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Context: which country?

Context: United States.

Context: what does the word siege mean?

Context: who was in command of the confederates?

Context: Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton.

Context: who was in command of the union?

Context: Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant .

Context: were there any changes in the command?

Context: how many people died during the siege?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was vicksburg captured?

Context: 4 July 1863.

Context: what happened afterwards?

Context: what weapons were used during this siege?

Context: Guns.

Question: what was the reason for this siege?

Answer: Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River.

Explanation: Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River; therefore, capturing it completed the second part of the Northern strategy, the Anaconda Plan. When two major assaults against the Confederate fortifications, on May 19 and 22, were repulsed with heavy casualties, Grant decided to besiege the city beginning on May 25.

Siege of Vicksburg [SEP] Introduction

After holding out for more than forty days, with their supplies nearly gone, the garrison surrendered on July 4. The successful ending of the Vicksburg campaign significantly degraded the ability of the Confederacy to maintain its war effort. This action, combined with the surrender of the down-river Port Hudson to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks on July 9, yielded command of the Mississippi River to the Union forces, who would hold it for the rest of the conflict. The Confederate surrender on July 4, 1863, is sometimes considered, when combined with Gen. Robert E. Lee's defeat at Gettysburg by Maj.


Question: what does the s in s club mean

Answer: A theory is that the group is so-named because "S" is the first letter of the word "seven".

S Club 7 [SEP] 1997–1998: Formation

Another theory is that the group is so-named because "S" is the first letter of the word "seven". McIntosh, in a December 2012 interview, said a lot of Simon Fuller's success has been based on the number 19 (owning 19 Entertainment); therefore, as "S" is the 19th letter of the alphabet, the "S" was put into S Club 7.


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: A theory is that the group is so-named because "S" is the first letter of the word "seven".

Question: what exactly is this club?

Answer: An English pop group

S Club 7 [SEP] Introduction

S Club 7 were an English pop group from London created by former Spice Girls manager Simon Fuller consisting of members Bradley McIntosh, Hannah Spearritt, Jo O'Meara, Jon Lee, Paul Cattermole, Rachel Stevens and Tina Barrett. The group was formed in 1998 and quickly rose to fame by starring in their own BBC television series, "Miami 7". In their five years together, S Club 7 had four UK number-one singles, one UK number-one album, and a string of hits throughout Europe as well as a Top 10 hit on the US Hot 100, with their 2000 single "Never Had a Dream Come True".


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Question: who are the members?

Answer: Bradley McIntosh, Hannah Spearritt, Jo O'Meara, Jon Lee, Paul Cattermole, Rachel Stevens and Tina Barrett.

S Club 7 [SEP] Introduction


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Context: who are the members?

Context: Bradley McIntosh, Hannah Spearritt, Jo O'Meara, Jon Lee, Paul Cattermole, Rachel Stevens and Tina Barrett.

Question: was first one a part of any other group?

Answer: Yes, he has been a member of spin-off group S Club 3

Bradley McIntosh [SEP] Introduction

Bradley John McIntosh (born 8 August 1981), also known as City Boy, is an English-Jamaican singer, rapper, record producer and actor. He was a member of the pop group S Club 7 where he enjoyed five years of hit singles, arena tours and awards. Since 2008, he has been a member of spin-off group S Club 3.


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Context: who are the members?

Context: was first one a part of any other group?

Context: Yes, he has been a member of spin-off group S Club 3

Question: are the members of this club and the previous group different?

Answer: No

S Club 3 [SEP] Introduction

S Club Live (also known as S Club Party; formerly known as S Club 3 and SC3) are an English spin-off pop group based in London with S Club 7 former members. Originally, the group was founded by Bradley McIntosh, Jo O'Meara and Paul Cattermole. In February 2014 Tina Barrett joined them, but in May 2015, Cattermole left the group after the S Club 7 reunion. in August 2020, O'Meara tweeted that she had left the group to fully focus on an upcoming album and her solo career, thanking her fans for their support throughout the years from S Club 7 to S Club 3.


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Context: who are the members?

Context: are the members of this club and the previous group different?

Context: No

Question: was the sixth member that you mentioned into acting too?

Answer: Yes

Rachel Stevens [SEP] Introduction

In July 2004, Stevens released the single "Some Girls" as a charity record for Sport Relief, and the single's success prompted Polydor to re-issue "Funky Dory" with three new songs. "Come and Get It", her second studio album, was released in October 2005. It peaked at No. 28 in the UK, and two of its three singles reached the Top 10. In 2008, she came second in the sixth series of the BBC One series "Strictly Come Dancing" with her dance partner Vincent Simone. On 16 November 2010, she gave birth to her first child, Amelie. In 2013, she was a mentor assistant on "The X Factor New Zealand".


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Context: who are the members?

Context: No

Context: was the sixth member that you mentioned into acting too?

Context: Yes

Question: which films has she done?

Answer: She played a character called "Jane–Mary" in a "Spider-Man" charity spoof called "Spider-Plant Man" for the BBC

Rachel Stevens [SEP] 2005–07: "Come and Get It" and acting

Its third and final single was "I Said Never Again (But Here We Are)", which peaked at number 12 in the UK and was commended by HMV.co.uk for its "astonishingly flawless vocal performance" and as Stevens's "most commercially accessible and quirky single since "Some Girls"." It has the song "Je m'appelle Rachel" on it, which was originally written by Shelly Poole as "Je m'appelle Michelle". In 2005, Stevens briefly appeared in the film "", and played a character called "Jane–Mary" in a "Spider-Man" charity spoof called "Spider-Plant Man" for the BBC, appearing opposite Rowan Atkinson. In December 2007, it was announced that Stevens would be transformed into a plasticine character for "Glendogie Bogey", a new animated comedy for BBC Scotland.


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Context: who are the members?

Context: No

Context: Yes

Context: which films has she done?

Context: She played a character called "Jane–Mary" in a "Spider-Man" charity spoof called "Spider-Plant Man" for the BBC

Question: has she endorsed any products?

Answer: Pretty Polly, Sky Sports, Marks & Spencer, and Focus Dailies

Rachel Stevens [SEP] Endorsement deals

Whilst in S Club 7 Stevens fronted the World Wide Fund for Nature. More recently, she has been the front woman for Pretty Polly, Sky Sports, Marks & Spencer, and Focus Dailies. In 2009, Stevens became the new ambassador for Schwarzkopf Herod Gliss hair products. In October 2011 Stevens fronted the launch of Seven Seas Health Oils.


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Context: who are the members?

Context: No

Context: Yes

Context: which films has she done?

Context: has she endorsed any products?

Context: Pretty Polly, Sky Sports, Marks & Spencer, and Focus Dailies

Question: has she endorsed ngo as well?

Answer: Yes, Stevens fronted the "Everyman Testicular Cancer Awareness " campaign, also took part in the Make Poverty History campaign, Stevens is also an ambassador to WaterAid

Explanation: In 2005 Stevens fronted the "Everyman Testicular Cancer Awareness " campaign. Stevens's role was notable as she was the first woman to represent this campaign. Her television commercial raised eyebrows with its suggestive content that included her telling men to "put one hand down their trousers and give their testicles a good feel". On the commercial, Stevens commented, "Sometimes men need a little encouragement to think about their health. This is a funny way of raising awareness about a serious subject." In 2005 Stevens also took part in the Make Poverty History campaign, which aims to eliminate poverty in developing countries by cancelling old debts, improving the way aid is given and removing barriers, so these countries can trade more effectively with the rest of the world. Stevens donated an undisclosed amount of money to the campaign, and also starred in television and magazine advertisements supporting the cause. Her official website also displayed the campaign's official onli

Rachel Stevens [SEP] Awareness campaigns


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Context: who are the members?

Context: No

Context: Yes

Context: which films has she done?

Context: has she endorsed any products?

Context: has she endorsed ngo as well?

Context: Yes, Stevens fronted the "Everyman Testicular Cancer Awareness " campaign, also took part in the Make Poverty History campaign, Stevens is also an ambassador to WaterAid

Question: what is the second campaign about?

Answer: It aims to eliminate poverty in developing countries by cancelling old debts, improving the way aid is given and removing barriers, so these countries can trade more effectively with the rest of the world.

Explanation: In 2005 Stevens also took part in the Make Poverty History campaign, which aims to eliminate poverty in developing countries by cancelling old debts, improving the way aid is given and removing barriers, so these countries can trade more effectively with the rest of the world.


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Context: who are the members?

Context: No

Context: Yes

Context: which films has she done?

Context: has she endorsed any products?

Context: has she endorsed ngo as well?

Context: what is the second campaign about?

Context: It aims to eliminate poverty in developing countries by cancelling old debts, improving the way aid is given and removing barriers, so these countries can trade more effectively with the rest of the world.

Question: was it criticized?

Answer: Yes, some critics, such as Theodore Dalrymple, allege that debt relief and aid are used to fund lavish lifestyles for the ruling class

Make Poverty History [SEP] Criticisms

Some critics, such as Theodore Dalrymple, allege that debt relief and aid are used to fund lavish lifestyles for the ruling class (although efforts are made to exclude these countries from the G8 debt relief). Other critics were Mariéme Jamme of Africa gathering and Dambisa Moyo Dambisa Moyo argues that a campaign to reduce poverty in Africa should be undertaken by Africans, and the Make Poverty History did not, hereby undermining the leadership of African leaders. Others were critical of the ending of the Make Poverty History coalition; the academic Alex Callinicos wrote in the "Socialist Worker" newspaper that "disbanding of MPH has a lot to do with the interests of the big NGOs that dominated it" and that "scrapping MPH was an utterly shameful decision.


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Context: who are the members?

Context: No

Context: Yes

Context: which films has she done?

Context: has she endorsed any products?

Context: has she endorsed ngo as well?

Context: what is the second campaign about?

Context: was it criticized?

Context: Yes, some critics, such as Theodore Dalrymple, allege that debt relief and aid are used to fund lavish lifestyles for the ruling class

Question: what was most significant about its campaign in australia?

Answer: They also continue to incite social mobilisation among people in Australia, often being present at social and music events such as Falls Festival and Big Day Out, as well as having a great range of opportunities to organise their own campaigning

Make Poverty History [SEP] Australian campaign

They also continue to incite social mobilisation among people in Australia, often being present at social and music events such as Falls Festival and Big Day Out, as well as having a great range of opportunities to organise their own campaigning events.


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Context: who are the members?

Context: No

Context: Yes

Context: which films has she done?

Context: has she endorsed any products?

Context: has she endorsed ngo as well?

Context: what is the second campaign about?

Context: was it criticized?

Context: what was most significant about its campaign in australia?

Context: They also continue to incite social mobilisation among people in Australia, often being present at social and music events such as Falls Festival and Big Day Out, as well as having a great range of opportunities to organise their own campaigning

Question: when did this festival started?

Answer: 1993

Explanation: The festival started in 1993,

Falls Festival [SEP] History

The festival started in 1993, with a small one-day concert, held in Lorne, Victoria, Australia, and was named Rock Above The Falls. The initial event attracted nearly 11,000 people, exceeding the organisers' expectations, and the organisers negotiated the use of neighbouring land to accommodate the crowd. In 1995, the event adopted a two-day format, and in 1996 the name was changed to "The Falls Music & Arts Festival". The 1999 festival was the first to be held off the Lorne site, moved temporarily to the Torquay site of the Offshore Festival due to poor weather. In 2003, two events were held simultaneously for the first time; one in Lorne, and an additional event at Marion Bay, Tasmania.


Context: what does the s in s club mean

Context: what exactly is this club?

Context: An English pop group

Context: who are the members?

Context: No

Context: Yes

Context: which films has she done?

Context: has she endorsed any products?

Context: has she endorsed ngo as well?

Context: what is the second campaign about?

Context: was it criticized?

Context: when did this festival started?

Question: where is it held?

Answer: Lorne, Marion Bay, Byron Bay and Fremantle, Australia

Falls Festival [SEP] Introduction

Falls Music & Arts Festival (commonly known as Falls) is a multi-day music festival held annually in Lorne (Victoria), Marion Bay (Tasmania), Byron Bay (New South Wales) and Fremantle (Western Australia), Australia over the New Year's Eve and January period. The festival hosts contemporary music performances, dance, comedy, theatre, circus, cabaret, and other art forms. Camping is available and all locations have nearby beaches which are either walking distance or a short bus ride away. Artists playing at the festival include rock, hip hop, indie music, electronic music, blues and roots.


Question: where are the philippines located on the world map

Answer: it is in Southeast Asia, situated in the western Pacific Ocean.

Philippines [SEP] Introduction

The Philippines (; or "Filipinas" ), officially the Republic of the Philippines (), is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both within the single urban area of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Japan to the northeast, Palau to the east, Indonesia to the south, Malaysia and Brunei to the southwest, Vietnam to the west, and China to the northwest.


Context: where are the philippines located on the world map

Context: it is in Southeast Asia, situated in the western Pacific Ocean.

Question: was it colonised by anyone?

Answer: Yes, by a Spanish explorer "Miguel López de Legazpi"

Philippines [SEP] Colonial rule (1565–1946)

Colonization began when Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico in 1565. In 1571, the Spanish Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies, which also encompassed, under varying time frames, the Marianas, Carolines, Palaos and Guam, as well as parts of Taiwan, Sulawesi, and the Moluccas. The Spanish considered their war with the Muslims in Southeast Asia an extension of the Reconquista. Colonizers invaded different local states through the divide and conquer principle. The 1587 Tondo Conspiracy, which attempted to overthrow the colonizers and install the native noble Agustin de Legazpi as Monarch, failed leading to the downfall of numerous native nobles.


Context: was it colonised by anyone?

Context: Yes, by a Spanish explorer "Miguel López de Legazpi"

Question: can you name some places that come under the southern region you mentioned?

Answer: China, India and Australia are some of them.

Southeast Asia [SEP] Introduction

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is the southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are geographically south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent and north-west of Australia. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean. The region is the only part of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere, although the majority of it is in the Northern Hemisphere. In contemporary definition, Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions: The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with both heavy seismic and volcanic activities.


Context: was it colonised by anyone?

Context: can you name some places that come under the southern region you mentioned?

Context: China, India and Australia are some of them.

Question: what religion is practiced in these regions?

Answer: Islam, Buddhism and Christianity are some of them.

Explanation:
Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. By population, Islam is the most practised faith, numbering approximately 240 million adherents, or about 40% of the entire population, concentrated in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Southern Thailand and in the Southern Philippines. Indonesia is the most populous Muslim-majority country around the world.

There are approximately 205 million Buddhists in Southeast Asia, making it the second largest religion in the region, after Islam. Approximately 38% of the global Buddhist population resides in Southeast Asia. Buddhism is predominant in Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Burma and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore.

Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule.

Southeast Asia [SEP] Religion


Context: was it colonised by anyone?

Context: what religion is practiced in these regions?

Context: Islam, Buddhism and Christianity are some of them.

Question: what kind of animals are found in the aforementioned country?

Answer: Animals that fall under land vertebrate species, mammals and rare bird species not thought to exist elsewhere.

Philippines [SEP] Biodiversity

The Philippines is a megadiverse country. Around 1,100 land vertebrate species can be found in the Philippines including over 100 mammal species and 170 bird species not thought to exist elsewhere. The Philippines has among the highest rates of discovery in the world with sixteen new species of mammals discovered in the last ten years. Because of this, the rate of endemism for the Philippines has risen and likely will continue to rise. Parts of its marine waters contain the highest diversity of shorefish species in the world. Large reptiles include the Philippine crocodile and saltwater crocodile. The largest crocodile in captivity, known locally as Lolong, was captured in the southern island of Mindanao, and died on 10 February 2013 from pneumonia and cardiac arrest.


Context: was it colonised by anyone?

Context: what kind of animals are found in the aforementioned country?

Context: Animals that fall under land vertebrate species, mammals and rare bird species not thought to exist elsewhere.

Question: and what languages are spoken here?

Answer: Filipino and English are the official languages.

Philippines [SEP] Languages

"Ethnologue" lists 186 individual languages in the Philippines, 182 of which are living languages, while 4 no longer have any known speakers. Most native languages are part of the Philippine branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, which is itself a branch of the Austronesian language family. In addition, various Spanish-based creole varieties collectively called Chavacano exist. There are also many Philippine Negrito languages that have unique vocabularies that survived Austronesian acculturation. Filipino and English are the official languages of the country. Filipino is a standardized version of Tagalog, spoken mainly in Metro Manila. Both Filipino and English are used in government, education, print, broadcast media, and business, with third local languages often being used at the same time.


Context: was it colonised by anyone?

Context: and what languages are spoken here?

Context: Filipino and English are the official languages.

Question: can you name some technological institutions here?

Answer: "International Rice Research Institute"

Philippines [SEP] Science and technology

The Department of Science and Technology is the governing agency responsible for the development of coordination of science and technology-related projects in the Philippines. Research organizations in the country include the International Rice Research Institute, which focuses on the development of new rice varieties and rice crop management techniques. The Philippines bought its first satellite in 1996. In 2016, the Philippines first micro-satellite, Diwata-1 was launched aboard the US Cygnus spacecraft. The Philippines has a high concentration of cellular phone users. Text messaging is a popular form of communication and, in 2007, the nation sent an average of one billion SMS messages per day.


Context: was it colonised by anyone?

Context: and what languages are spoken here?

Context: can you name some technological institutions here?

Context: "International Rice Research Institute"

Question: when was this institution founded?

Answer: 1960

International Rice Research Institute [SEP] Introduction

The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is an international agricultural research and training organization with headquarters in Los Baños, Laguna in the Philippines and offices in seventeen countries with ~1,300 staff. IRRI is known for its work in developing rice varieties that contributed to the Green Revolution in the 1960s which preempted the famine in Asia. The Institute, established in 1960 aims to reduce poverty and hunger, improve the health of rice farmers and consumers, and ensure environmental sustainability of rice farming. It advances its mission through collaborative research, partnerships, and the strengthening of the national agricultural research and extension systems of the countries IRRI works in.


Context: was it colonised by anyone?

Context: and what languages are spoken here?

Context: "International Rice Research Institute"

Context: when was this institution founded?

Question: and by whom?

Answer: It was founded with the support of the "Ford Foundation", the "Rockefeller Foundation", and the "Government of the Philippines".

International Rice Research Institute [SEP] Origins

IRRI was established in 1960 with the support of the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Government of the Philippines. An International treaty titled: "Agreement Recognising the International Legal Personality of the International Rice Research Institute" was tabled in Manila on .


Context: was it colonised by anyone?

Context: and what languages are spoken here?

Context: "International Rice Research Institute"

Context: when was this institution founded?

Context: and by whom?

Context: It was founded with the support of the "Ford Foundation", the "Rockefeller Foundation", and the "Government of the Philippines".

Question: what kind of facilities does it offer?

Answer: It houses the International Rice Genebank and Riceworld Museum. The International Rice Genebank holds more than 127,000 rice accessions and wild relatives and is the biggest collection of rice genetic diversity in the world.

International Rice Research Institute [SEP] Facilities

IRRI's headquarters in the Philippines is located on a experimental farm with modern laboratories and glasshouses, and a training center. The land is owned by the University of the Philippines Los Baños and is leased to the Institute. It also houses the International Rice Genebank and Riceworld Museum. The International Rice Genebank holds more than 127,000 rice accessions and wild relatives and is the biggest collection of rice genetic diversity in the world.


Context: was it colonised by anyone?

Context: and what languages are spoken here?

Context: "International Rice Research Institute"

Context: when was this institution founded?

Context: and by whom?

Context: what kind of facilities does it offer?

Context: It houses the International Rice Genebank and Riceworld Museum. The International Rice Genebank holds more than 127,000 rice accessions and wild relatives and is the biggest collection of rice genetic diversity in the world.

Question: what kind of culture do you find in the philippines?

Answer: A combination of Eastern and Western cultures.

Philippines [SEP] Culture

Filipino culture is a combination of Eastern and Western cultures. The Philippines exhibits aspects found in other Asian countries with a Malay heritage, yet its culture also displays a significant number of Spanish and American influences. Traditional festivities known as "barrio fiestas" (district festivals) to commemorate the feast days of patron saints are common, these community celebrations are times for feasting, music, and dancing. The Ati-Atihan, Moriones and Sinulog festivals are among the most well-known. The culture within Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago developed separately to that of the rest of the country, due to very limited degree of Spanish influence and greater influence from nearby Islamic regions.


Context: was it colonised by anyone?

Context: and what languages are spoken here?

Context: "International Rice Research Institute"

Context: when was this institution founded?

Context: and by whom?

Context: what kind of facilities does it offer?

Context: what kind of culture do you find in the philippines?

Context: A combination of Eastern and Western cultures.

Question: can you tell me some common cuisines found here?

Answer: Spanish, Chinese, American and Asian are some of them.

Philippines [SEP] Cuisine

Filipino cuisine has evolved over several centuries from its Malayo-Polynesian origins to become a mixed cuisine with Chinese, American, and other Asian influences. The most dominant influence however is Spanish, which has influenced up to 80% of Filipino recipes. Regional variations exist throughout the islands, for example rice is a standard starch in Luzon while cassava is more common in Mindanao. Dishes range from the very simple, like a meal of fried salted fish and rice, to the elaborate, such as the "paellas" and "cocidos" created for fiestas. Popular dishes include "lechón", "adobo", "sinigang", "kare-kare", "tapa", crispy "pata", "pancit", "lumpia", and "halo-halo".


Context: was it colonised by anyone?

Context: and what languages are spoken here?

Context: "International Rice Research Institute"

Context: when was this institution founded?

Context: and by whom?

Context: what kind of facilities does it offer?

Context: can you tell me some common cuisines found here?

Context: Spanish, Chinese, American and Asian are some of them.

Question: do they also have theatres here?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Philippines [SEP] Cuisine


Question: what is rhythm killers?

Answer: An album by Jamaican musical duo Sly and Robbie

Rhythm Killers [SEP] Introduction

Rhythm Killers is an album by Jamaican musical duo Sly and Robbie, released in May 1987 by Island Records. By the time of the album's recording, Sly and Robbie had transitioned away from their prolific work in the reggae genre. They spent the 1980s experimenting with electronic sounds and contemporary recording technology on international, cross-genre endeavors, which influenced their direction for "Rhythm Killers". Sly and Robbie enlisted producer Bill Laswell and an ensemble of musicians to record the album at the Quad studio in New York City. Along with their live instruments, the duo used electronic recording equipment such as the Fairlight CMI synthesizer and electronic drums.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: An album by Jamaican musical duo Sly and Robbie

Question: what is the musical style?

Answer: Predominantly funk and dance-oriented but it also features hip hop, hard rock, worldbeat and downtown music

Rhythm Killers [SEP] Introduction

The predominantly funk and dance-oriented album is arranged into two side-long gapless suites of songs. Other styles featured on the record include hip hop, hard rock, worldbeat, and downtown music. Laswell's densely layered production incorporated electronic grooves, hard beats, string synthesizers, and cross-rhythms produced by turntable scratches, African and Latin-influenced percussion, and percussive raps. "Rhythm Killers" charted in four countries, including the United Kingdom, where it peaked at number 35. It was promoted with two singles, including the UK hit "Boops (Here to Go)". The album received positive reviews from critics and was ranked in year-end lists by "NME" magazine and "Village Voice" critic Robert Christgau, who named it the seventh best record of 1987.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: Predominantly funk and dance-oriented but it also features hip hop, hard rock, worldbeat and downtown music

Question: what form is the former?

Answer: A rhythmic, danceable form of music with a mixture of soul, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B)

Funk [SEP] Introduction

Funk is a music genre that originated in Black African American communities in the mid-1960s when musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions and focuses on a strong rhythmic groove of a bassline played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer, often at slower tempos than other popular music. Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves that create a "hypnotic" and "danceable" feel. Funk uses the same richly colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths and thirteenths.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: A rhythmic, danceable form of music with a mixture of soul, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B)

Question: how well was the album received?

Answer: It reached the record charts in the Netherlands, Sweden, and New Zealand and was well received by contemporary critics

Explanation:
 It reached the record charts in the Netherlands, Sweden, and New Zealand, where it reached its highest overall position at number 12 and charted for eight weeks. In the United Kingdom, it spent five weeks on the albums chart, peaking at number 35. It did not chart in the United States. The album's lead single, "Boops (Here to Go)", reached number 22 on the US "Billboard" Dance Club Play Singles. It was a hit in the UK, where it charted for 11 weeks and reached number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was later sampled on Robbie Williams' 2006 song "Rudebox". "Fire", the second single, peaked at number 14 in New Zealand, where it charted for nine weeks. It also peaked at number 60 and charted for four weeks in the UK.

"Rhythm Killers" was well received by contemporary critics.

Rhythm Killers [SEP] Release and reception

The song was later sampled on Robbie Williams' 2006 song "Rudebox". "Fire", the second single, peaked at number 14 in New Zealand, where it charted for nine weeks. It also peaked at number 60 and charted for four weeks in the UK. "Rhythm Killers" was well received by contemporary critics. In a review for "The Philadelphia Inquirer", Ken Tucker remarked that having mastered reggae, Sly and Robbie proved they could perform funk music just as well. Steve Hochman from the "Los Angeles Times" hailed it as one of 1987's best records from any genre because of how Sly and Robbie drew on the funk's past 20 years, "from Sly & the Family Stone through George Clinton, along the way throwing in reggae, rap and even a bit of Rossini." In "Rolling Stone", Gavin Edwards called it "a thirty-five-minute dance party full of surprises and strange noises", writing that it "sounds like the Great Missing DJ Set—albeit one played by live musicians with perfect telepathy." "i-D" magazine's Simon Witter said it was the most entertaining and exceptionally conceived dance album of the year, while Garland from "Stereo Review" called it one of the best dance records in some time because the duo's creative yet accessible urban dance music showed how to combine the best parts of older music with contemporary recording techniques.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: It reached the record charts in the Netherlands, Sweden, and New Zealand and was well received by contemporary critics

Question: where was the recording done?

Answer: Quad Recording

Rhythm Killers [SEP] Recording and production

After releasing "The Sting" (1986) and "Electro Reggae" (1987) as members of their Taxi Gang band, Sly and Robbie enlisted Laswell again to work on "Rhythm Killers". They recorded the album over a period of three months at Quad Recording in New York City. Before entering the studio, Sly and Robbie originally had planned music and demos to work with, but scrapped them after Chris Blackwell of Island discouraged the idea. Blackwell wanted the duo to come up with original material at the studio, as they had been known to do since their early years in Jamaica. In an effort to crossover with music listeners outside of reggae's market, Sly and Robbie heightened their experimentation with other musical sounds, particularly funk and occasional hip hop music.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Question: can you name a few albums that incorporates the form discussed above?

Answer: East Bay Grease

Funk [SEP] Late 1960s – early 1970s

Also from the West Coast area, more specifically Oakland, California, came the band Tower of Power (TOP), which formed in 1968. Their debut album "East Bay Grease", released 1970, is considered an important milestone in funk. Throughout the 1970s, TOP had many hits, and the band helped to make funk music a successful genre, with a broader audience. In 1970, Sly & the Family Stone's "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" reached #1 on the charts, as did "Family Affair" in 1971. Notably, these afforded the group and the genre crossover success and greater recognition, yet such success escaped comparatively talented and moderately popular funk band peers.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Context: can you name a few albums that incorporates the form discussed above?

Context: East Bay Grease

Question: what instruments are used in this genre?

Answer: Horn, drums, guitar

Funk [SEP] Other instruments

Horn section arrangements with groups of brass instruments are often used in funk songs. Funk horn sections could include saxophone (often tenor sax), trumpet, trombone, and for larger horn sections, such as quintets and sextets, a baritone sax. Horn sections played "rhythmic and syncopated" parts, often with "offbeat phrases" that emphasize "rhythmic displacement". Funk song introductions are an important place for horn arrangements. Funk horn sections performed in a "rhythmic percussive style" that mimicked the approach used by funk rhythm guitarists. Horn sections would "punctuate" the lyrics by playing in the spaces between vocals, using "short staccato rhythmic blast[s]". Notable funk horn players included Alfred "PeeWee" Ellis, trombonist Fred Wesley, and alto sax player Maceo Parker.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Context: East Bay Grease

Context: what instruments are used in this genre?

Context: Horn, drums, guitar

Question: what sorts of costumes do they use for their performance?

Answer: Afro-American fashion and style, including "Bell-bottom pants, platform shoes, hoop earring[s], Afros [hairstyles], leather vests, beaded necklaces", dashiki shirts, jumpsuits and boots

Funk [SEP] Costumes and style

Funk bands in the 1970s adopted Afro-American fashion and style, including "Bell-bottom pants, platform shoes, hoop earring[s], Afros [hairstyles], leather vests... beaded necklaces", dashiki shirts, jumpsuits and boots. In contrast to earlier bands such as The Temptations, which wore "matching suits" and "neat haircuts" to appeal to white mainstream audiences, funk bands adopted an "African spirit" in their outfits and style. George Clinton and Parliament are known for their imaginative costumes and "freedom of dress", which included bedsheets acting as robes and capes.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Context: East Bay Grease

Context: Horn, drums, guitar

Context: what sorts of costumes do they use for their performance?

Context: Afro-American fashion and style, including "Bell-bottom pants, platform shoes, hoop earring[s], Afros [hairstyles], leather vests, beaded necklaces", dashiki shirts, jumpsuits and boots

Question: where did the shirt get its origin from?

Answer: West Africa

Dashiki [SEP] Introduction

The dashiki is a colorful garment for men and women worn mostly in West Africa. It is called Kitenge in East Africa and has been a dominant wear in Tanzania and later Kenya and Somalia. It is also known as Java since it is worn in Indonesia. It covers the top half of the body. It has formal and informal versions and varies from simple draped clothing to fully tailored suits. A common form is a loose-fitting pullover garment, with an ornate V-shaped collar, and tailored and embroidered neck and sleeve lines. It is frequently worn with a brimless Kufi cap (which is worn in Islamic communities in Africa and the African diaspora) and pants.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Context: East Bay Grease

Context: Horn, drums, guitar

Context: where did the shirt get its origin from?

Context: West Africa

Question: any color specification for wedding?

Answer: Grey or white

Dashiki [SEP] Wedding colors

Grey is the traditional color for some West African weddings. Some grooms wear white dashiki suits during wedding ceremonies. Some couples wear non-traditional colours. The most common non-traditional colors are purple and blue.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Context: East Bay Grease

Context: Horn, drums, guitar

Context: West Africa

Context: any color specification for wedding?

Context: Grey or white

Question: is it available with the same name in the united states?

Answer: Yes

Dashiki [SEP] In the United States

The dashiki found a market in America during the Civil Rights Movement and Black Power movement. The term "dashiki" began appearing in print at least as early as 1967. Reporting on the 1967 Newark riots in the "Amsterdam News" on July 22, 1967, George Barner refers to a new African garment called a ""dan"shiki". An article by Faith Berry in "The New York Times Magazine" includes it on July 7, 1968. "Dashiki" formally appeared in the "Webster's New World Dictionary", 1st College Edition of 1970/72. It cites J. Benning with the first written usage of the word in 1967. J.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Context: East Bay Grease

Context: Horn, drums, guitar

Context: West Africa

Context: any color specification for wedding?

Context: Grey or white

Context: is it available with the same name in the united states?

Context: Yes

Question: does it have other versions?

Answer: Yes. An informal version and three formal versions dashiki suit, Senegalese kaftan and agbada

Dashiki [SEP] Versions

The informal version of the dashiki is a traditional print or embroidered dashiki. Three formal versions exist. The first type consists of a dashiki, "sokoto" (drawstring trousers), and a matching kufi. This style is called a "dashiki suit" or "dashiki trouser set" and it is the attire worn by most grooms during wedding ceremonies. The second version consists of an ankle-length shirt, matching kufi, and sokoto and is called a Senegalese kaftan. The third type consists of a dashiki and matching trousers. A flowing gown is worn over these. This type is called a grand boubou or an agbada. There are several different styles of dashiki suits available from clothing stores.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Context: East Bay Grease

Context: Horn, drums, guitar

Context: West Africa

Context: any color specification for wedding?

Context: Grey or white

Context: Yes

Context: does it have other versions?

Context: Yes. An informal version and three formal versions dashiki suit, Senegalese kaftan and agbada

Question: what technological advancements have been made in the country from where the shirt had its origin?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Dashiki [SEP] Versions


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Context: East Bay Grease

Context: Horn, drums, guitar

Context: West Africa

Context: any color specification for wedding?

Context: Grey or white

Context: Yes

Context: does it have other versions?

Context: what technological advancements have been made in the country from where the shirt had its origin?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what culture do they follow?

Answer: Despite the wide variety of cultures in West Africa, there are general similarities in dress, cuisine, music and culture that are not shared extensively with groups outside the geographic region

West Africa [SEP] Culture

Despite the wide variety of cultures in West Africa, from Nigeria through to Senegal, there are general similarities in dress, cuisine, music and culture that are not shared extensively with groups outside the geographic region. This long history of cultural exchange predates the colonization era of the region and can be approximately placed at the time of the Ghana Empire (proper: Wagadou Empire), Mali Empire or perhaps before these empires.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Context: East Bay Grease

Context: Horn, drums, guitar

Context: West Africa

Context: any color specification for wedding?

Context: Grey or white

Context: Yes

Context: does it have other versions?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: Despite the wide variety of cultures in West Africa, there are general similarities in dress, cuisine, music and culture that are not shared extensively with groups outside the geographic region

Question: what is their official language?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

West Africa [SEP] Culture


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Context: East Bay Grease

Context: Horn, drums, guitar

Context: West Africa

Context: any color specification for wedding?

Context: Grey or white

Context: Yes

Context: does it have other versions?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: what is their official language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what economic organizations can be seen there?

Answer: The Economic Community of West African States and The West African Monetary Union

West Africa [SEP] Economic and regional organizations

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), by the 1975 Treaty of Lagos, is an organization of West African states which aims to promote the region's economy. The West African Monetary Union (or UEMOA from its name in French, "Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine") is limited to the eight, mostly Francophone countries that employ the CFA franc as their common currency. The Liptako-Gourma Authority of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso seeks to jointly develop the contiguous areas of the three countries.


Context: what is rhythm killers?

Context: what is the musical style?

Context: what form is the former?

Context: how well was the album received?

Context: where was the recording done?

Context: Quad Recording

Context: East Bay Grease

Context: Horn, drums, guitar

Context: West Africa

Context: any color specification for wedding?

Context: Grey or white

Context: Yes

Context: does it have other versions?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what culture do they follow?

Context: what is their official language?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what economic organizations can be seen there?

Context: The Economic Community of West African States and The West African Monetary Union

Question: what is the former for?

Answer: To promote economic integration across the region

Economic Community of West African States [SEP] Introduction

The Economic Community of West African States, also known as ECOWAS, is a huge disgrace to the people of West Africa. Nana Akuffo Addo watched as Buhari killed peaceful protesters. #EndSars. It is a regional political and economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa. Collectively, these countries comprise an area of , and in 2015 had an estimated population of over 349 million. The union was established on 28 May 1975, with the signing of the Treaty of Lagos, with its stated mission to promote economic integration across the region. A revised version of the treaty was agreed and signed on 24 July 1993 in Cotonou.


Question: which soviet leader was known as a reformer

Answer: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev

Explanation: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev

Nikita Khrushchev [SEP] Introduction

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev ( – 11 September 1971) was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and as chairman of the Council of Ministers (or premier) from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Khrushchev's party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier.


Context: which soviet leader was known as a reformer

Context: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev

Question: where was he born ?

Answer: Kalinovka

Explanation: Kalinovka

Nikita Khrushchev [SEP] Early years

Khrushchev was born on 15 April 1894, in Kalinovka, a village in what is now Russia's Kursk Oblast, near the present Ukrainian border. His parents, Sergei Khrushchev and Xeniya Khrushcheva, were poor peasants of Russian origin, and had a daughter two years Nikita's junior, Irina. Sergei Khrushchev was employed in a number of positions in the Donbas area of far eastern Ukraine, working as a railwayman, as a miner, and labouring in a brick factory. Wages were much higher in the Donbas than in the Kursk region, and Sergei Khrushchev generally left his family in Kalinovka, returning there when he had enough money.


Context: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kalinovka

Question: how were his early years ?

Answer: He was employed in a number of positions in the Donbas area of far eastern Ukraine, working as a railwayman, as a miner, and labouring in a brick factory.

Explanation: was employed in a number of positions in the Donbas area of far eastern Ukraine, working as a railwayman, as a miner, and labouring in a brick factory.

Nikita Khrushchev [SEP] Early years


Context: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kalinovka

Context: how were his early years ?

Context: He was employed in a number of positions in the Donbas area of far eastern Ukraine, working as a railwayman, as a miner, and labouring in a brick factory.

Question: what was his involvement in the purges ?

Answer: Stalin began a campaign of political repression known as the Great Purge, during which millions of people were executed or sent to the Gulag in which Khrushchev expressed his vehement support in the trail proceedings.

Nikita Khrushchev [SEP] Involvement in purges

Stalin's office records show meetings at which Khrushchev was present as early as 1932. The two increasingly built a good relationship. Khrushchev greatly admired the dictator and treasured informal meetings with him and invitations to Stalin's "dacha", while Stalin felt warm affection for his young subordinate. Beginning in 1934, Stalin began a campaign of political repression known as the Great Purge, during which millions of people were executed or sent to the Gulag. Central to this campaign were the Moscow Trials, a series of show trials of the purged top leaders of the party and the military. In 1936, as the trials proceeded, Khrushchev expressed his vehement support: Everyone who rejoices in the successes achieved in our country, the victories of our party led by the great Stalin, will find only one word suitable for the mercenary, fascist dogs of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite gang.


Context: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kalinovka

Context: how were his early years ?

Context: what was his involvement in the purges ?

Context: Stalin began a campaign of political repression known as the Great Purge, during which millions of people were executed or sent to the Gulag in which Khrushchev expressed his vehement support in the trail proceedings.

Question: what were his anti-religious campaigns ?

Answer: Mass closures of churches, monasteries, and convents, restriction of parental rights for teaching religion to their children, ban on the presence of children at church services etc.

Nikita Khrushchev [SEP] Anti-religious campaign

The anti-religious campaign of the Khrushchev era began in 1959, coinciding with the 21st Party Congress in the same year. It was carried out by mass closures of churches (reducing the number from 22,000 in 1959 to 13,008 in 1960 and to 7,873 by 1965), monasteries, and convents, as well as of the still-existing seminaries (pastoral courses would be banned in general). The campaign also included a restriction of parental rights for teaching religion to their children, a ban on the presence of children at church services (beginning in 1961 with the Baptists and then extended to the Orthodox in 1963), and a ban on administration of the Eucharist to children over the age of four.


Context: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev

Context: where was he born ?

Context: Kalinovka

Context: how were his early years ?

Context: what were his anti-religious campaigns ?

Context: Mass closures of churches, monasteries, and convents, restriction of parental rights for teaching religion to their children, ban on the presence of children at church services etc.

Question: what was his educational history ?

Answer: Kalinovka's state school

Explanation: Kalinovka's state school

Nikita Khrushchev [SEP] Early years

Kalinovka was a peasant village; Khrushchev's teacher, Lydia Shevchenko, later stated that she had never seen a village as poor as Kalinovka had been. Nikita worked as a herdsboy from an early age. He was schooled for a total of four years, part in the village parochial school and part under Shevchenko's tutelage in Kalinovka's state school. According to Khrushchev in his memoirs, Shevchenko was a freethinker who upset the villagers by not attending church, and when her brother visited, he gave the boy books which had been banned by the Imperial Government. She urged Nikita to seek further education, but family finances did not permit this.


Question: when did the first nations arrive in canada

Answer: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Explanation: First Nations peoples had settled and established trade routes across what is now Canada by 500 BCE – 1,000 CE.

Indigenous peoples in Canada [SEP] First Nations

Throughout the 16th century, European fleets made almost annual visits to the eastern shores of Canada to cultivate the fishing opportunities. A sideline industry emerged in the un-organized traffic of furs overseen by the Indian Department.


Context: when did the first nations arrive in canada

Context: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Question: who are this people?

Answer: First Nations peoples


Context: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Context: who are this people?

Context: First Nations peoples

Question: what were their categories?

Answer: In the northwest were the Athapaskan, Slavey, Dogrib, Tutchone, and Tlingit. Along the Pacific coast were the Tsimshian; Haida; Salish; Kwakiutl; Heiltsuk; Nootka; Nisga'a; Senakw and Gitxsan. In the plains were the Blackfoot; Káínawa; Sarcee and Peigan. In the northern woodlands were the Cree and Chipewyan. Around the Great Lakes were the Anishinaabe; Algonquin; Iroquois and Huron. Along the Atlantic coast were the Beothuk, Maliseet, Innu, Abenaki and Mi'kmaq.

First Nations peoples had settled and established trade routes across what is now Canada by 500 BCE – 1,000 CE. Communities developed each with its own culture, customs, and character. In the northwest were the Athapaskan, Slavey, Dogrib, Tutchone, and Tlingit. Along the Pacific coast were the Tsimshian; Haida; Salish; Kwakiutl; Heiltsuk; Nootka; Nisga'a; Senakw and Gitxsan. In the plains were the Blackfoot; Káínawa; Sarcee and Peigan. In the northern woodlands were the Cree and Chipewyan. Around the Great Lakes were the Anishinaabe; Algonquin; Iroquois and Huron. Along the Atlantic coast were the Beothuk, Maliseet, Innu, Abenaki and Mi'kmaq. Many First Nations civilizations established characteristics and hallmarks that included permanent urban settlements or cities, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies.


Context: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Context: who are this people?

Context: First Nations peoples

Context: what were their categories?

Context: In the northwest were the Athapaskan, Slavey, Dogrib, Tutchone, and Tlingit. Along the Pacific coast were the Tsimshian; Haida; Salish; Kwakiutl; Heiltsuk; Nootka; Nisga'a; Senakw and Gitxsan. In the plains were the Blackfoot; Káínawa; Sarcee and Peigan. In the northern woodlands were the Cree and Chipewyan. Around the Great Lakes were the Anishinaabe; Algonquin; Iroquois and Huron. Along the Atlantic coast were the Beothuk, Maliseet, Innu, Abenaki and Mi'kmaq.

Question: what languages they spoke?

Answer: There are 13 Aboriginal language groups, some are Cree, Inuktitut, and Ojibwe

Indigenous peoples in Canada [SEP] Languages

There are 13 Aboriginal language groups, 11 oral and 2 sign, in Canada, made up of more than 65 distinct dialects. Of these, only Cree, Inuktitut, and Ojibwe have a large enough population of fluent speakers to be considered viable to survive in the long term. Two of Canada's territories give official status to native languages. In Nunavut, Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun are official languages alongside the national languages of English and French, and Inuktitut is a common vehicular language in territorial government. In the Northwest Territories, the "Official Languages Act" declares that there are 11 different languages: Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwichʼin, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, and Tłįchǫ.


Context: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Context: who are this people?

Context: First Nations peoples

Context: what were their categories?

Context: what languages they spoke?

Context: There are 13 Aboriginal language groups, some are Cree, Inuktitut, and Ojibwe

Question: what was the territorial span of the above mentioned 5th northwestern group?

Answer: It extended from the Portland Canal along the present border between Alaska and British Columbia, north to the coast just southeast of the Copper River delta in Alaska

Tlingit [SEP] Territory

The greatest territory historically occupied by the Tlingit extended from the Portland Canal along the present border between Alaska and British Columbia, north to the coast just southeast of the Copper River delta in Alaska. The Tlingit occupied almost all of the Alexander Archipelago, except the southernmost end of Prince of Wales Island and its surroundings, where the Kaigani Haida moved just before the first encounters with European explorers. The Coastal Tlingit tribes controlled one of the mountain passes into the Yukon interior; they were divided into three tribes: the Chilkat Tlingit (Jilḵáat Ḵwáan) along the Chilkat River and on Chilkat Peninsula, the Chilkoot Tlingit (Jilḵoot Ḵwáan) and the Taku Tlingit (Tʼaaḵu Ḵwáan:) along the Taku River.


Context: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Context: who are this people?

Context: First Nations peoples

Context: what were their categories?

Context: what languages they spoke?

Context: what was the territorial span of the above mentioned 5th northwestern group?

Context: It extended from the Portland Canal along the present border between Alaska and British Columbia, north to the coast just southeast of the Copper River delta in Alaska

Question: what did they do for economic growth?

Answer: Many Tlingit men work in the fishing industry while women are employed at canneries or in the local handicraft industry

Explanation: Many Tlingit men work in the fishing industry while women are employed at canneries or in the local handicraft industry. These handicrafts include items like wooden carvings and woven baskets which are sold for practical or tourist consumption.

Tlingit [SEP] Economy


Context: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Context: who are this people?

Context: First Nations peoples

Context: what were their categories?

Context: what languages they spoke?

Context: what did they do for economic growth?

Context: Many Tlingit men work in the fishing industry while women are employed at canneries or in the local handicraft industry

Question: which trade was the fifth pacific coast group involved in?

Answer: Fur trade

Explanation: Pacific Northwest Coast they were subject to drastic population loss as a result of introduced diseases and heightened military conflicts with neighbouring peoples during the fur trade era.

Heiltsuk [SEP] Contact and the fur trade period

For a time they acted as middlemen in the fur trade, benefiting from early access to guns. The traders complain in some of their records of the Heiltsuk being hard to trade with, passing off land otter skins for sea otter, demanding extra large blankets, then cutting them to standards size for retrade and sewing the extra pieces together to make more blankets. The Heiltsuk experienced significant population loss due to introduced diseases, and conflict. A war between the Heiltsuk and the Haida involved reciprocal attacks, ending in 1852 with an agreement that has been characterized as a peace treaty.


Context: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Context: who are this people?

Context: First Nations peoples

Context: what were their categories?

Context: what languages they spoke?

Context: what did they do for economic growth?

Context: which trade was the fifth pacific coast group involved in?

Context: Fur trade

Question: what was this trade about?

Answer: The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur.

Fur trade [SEP] Introduction

The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands. Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive.


Context: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Context: who are this people?

Context: First Nations peoples

Context: what were their categories?

Context: what languages they spoke?

Context: what did they do for economic growth?

Context: Fur trade

Context: what was this trade about?

Context: The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur.

Question: in which countries is this trade carried on?

Answer: Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands

Explanation: . Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Fur trade [SEP] Introduction


Context: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Context: who are this people?

Context: First Nations peoples

Context: what were their categories?

Context: what languages they spoke?

Context: what did they do for economic growth?

Context: Fur trade

Context: what was this trade about?

Context: in which countries is this trade carried on?

Context: Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands

Question: regarding the pacific group we were talking about; what did they found at mcloughlin bay?

Answer: Bella Bella or Qlts

Explanation: Between 1832 and 1900 some of the Heiltsuk built a village in McLoughlin Bay, adjacent to the Hudson's Bay Company's Fort McLoughlin. Called Bella Bella or Qlts, the community saw a number of other Heiltsuk groups join through the late 1800s.

Heiltsuk [SEP] Founding of 'Bella Bella' at McLoughlin Bay


Context: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Context: who are this people?

Context: First Nations peoples

Context: what were their categories?

Context: what languages they spoke?

Context: what did they do for economic growth?

Context: Fur trade

Context: what was this trade about?

Context: regarding the pacific group we were talking about; what did they found at mcloughlin bay?

Context: Bella Bella or Qlts

Question: what is this?

Answer: Some  of the Heiltsuk built a village in McLoughlin Bay, adjacent to the Hudson's Bay Company's Fort McLoughlin called Bella Bella or Qlts

Founding of 'Bella Bella' at McLoughlin Bay

Explanation: Between 1832 and 1900 some of the Heiltsuk built a village in McLoughlin Bay, adjacent to the Hudson's Bay Company's Fort McLoughlin. Called Bella Bella or Qlts,


Context: 500 BCE – 1,000 CE

Context: who are this people?

Context: First Nations peoples

Context: what were their categories?

Context: what languages they spoke?

Context: what did they do for economic growth?

Context: Fur trade

Context: what was this trade about?

Context: Bella Bella or Qlts

Context: what is this?

Context: Some  of the Heiltsuk built a village in McLoughlin Bay, adjacent to the Hudson's Bay Company's Fort McLoughlin called Bella Bella or Qlts

Question: is this mentioned fort still open or closed?

Answer: Closed

Fort McLoughlin [SEP] Closure

Fort McLoughlin was closed by Sir George Simpson in the early 1840s because the HBC's steamship "Beaver" was able to collect furs along the coast without the need for permanent posts. Although the fort was said to be wholly abandoned in 1843 with its men and stores transferred to establish Fort Victoria, certain of its articles were transferred to Fort Rupert in 1849 and the site remained in use from time to time until 1878. One report states that the Heiltsuk burned the abandoned fort; ""The Indians who had gathered around the fort, left to their own devices, immediately burned it down to obtain the iron used in its construction, and nothing now remains of this early trading post"." The Hudson's Bay Company had a change of heart, and established a store on the site of the former fort.


Question: who is maurice richard?

Answer: Canadian professional ice hockey player

Maurice Richard [SEP] Introduction

Joseph Henri Maurice "Rocket" Richard (; ; August 4, 1921 – May 27, 2000) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens. He was the first player in NHL history to score 50 goals in one season, accomplishing the feat in 50 games in 1944–45, and the first to reach 500 career goals. Richard retired in 1960 as the league's all-time leader in goals with 544. He won the Hart Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player in 1947, played in 13 All-Star Games and was named to 14 post-season NHL All-Star Teams, eight on the First-Team.


Context:
who is maurice richard?
Canadian professional ice hockey player

Question: where was this person born?

Answer: Montreal, Quebec.

Maurice Richard [SEP] Early life

Joseph Henri Maurice Richard was born August 4, 1921, in Montreal, Quebec. His parents, Onésime Richard and Alice Laramée, were originally from the Gaspé region of Quebec, before moving to Montreal, where they settled in the neighbourhood of Nouveau-Bordeaux. Maurice was the oldest of eight children; he had three sisters: Georgette, Rollande and Marguerite; and four brothers: René, Jacques, Henri and Claude. Onésime was a carpenter by trade, and took a job with the Canadian Pacific Railway shortly after Maurice was born. The Richards struggled during the Great Depression; Onésime lost his job in 1930 and the family relied on government aid until he was re-hired by the railway around 1936.


Context:
who is maurice richard?
Canadian professional ice hockey player
where was this person born?
Montreal, Quebec.

Question: where did this name of the mentioned place originate from?

Answer: From Mohawk language

Montreal [SEP] Etymology

In the Mohawk language, the island is called . This name refers to the Lachine Rapids to the island's southwest or . It means "a place where nations and rivers unite and divide". In the Ojibwe language, the land is called which served as "the first stopping place" in Ojibwe migration story as related in the seven fires prophecy. European settlers from La Flèche in the Loire valley first named their new town, founded in 1642, ("City of Mary"), named for the Virgin Mary. Its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city.


Context: who is maurice richard?

Context: Canadian professional ice hockey player

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Montreal, Quebec.

Context: where did this name of the mentioned place originate from?

Context: From Mohawk language

Question: what are some dialects of this language?

Answer: Western, Central, and Eastern.

Mohawk language [SEP] Dialects

Mohawk has three major dialects: Western (Ohswé:ken and Kenhté:ke), Central (Ahkwesáhsne), and Eastern (Kahnawà꞉ke and Kanehsatà꞉ke); the differences between them are largely phonological. These are related to the major Mohawk territories since the eighteenth century. The pronunciation of and several consonant clusters may differ in the dialects.


Context: who is maurice richard?

Context: Canadian professional ice hockey player

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Montreal, Quebec.

Context: From Mohawk language

Context: what are some dialects of this language?

Context: Western, Central, and Eastern.

Question: what is the history behind it?

Answer: The Mohawks were the largest and most powerful of the original Five Nations

Mohawk language [SEP] History

The Mohawks were the largest and most powerful of the original Five Nations, controlling a vast area of land on the eastern frontier of the Iroquois Confederacy. The North Country and Adirondack region of present-day Upstate New York would have constituted the greater part of the Mohawk-speaking area lasting until the end of the 18th century.


Context: who is maurice richard?

Context: Canadian professional ice hockey player

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Montreal, Quebec.

Context: From Mohawk language

Context: Western, Central, and Eastern.

Context: what is the history behind it?

Context: The Mohawks were the largest and most powerful of the original Five Nations

Question: what is the initial development of the aforementioned game?

Answer: Montreal is at the centre of the development of contemporary ice hockey, and is recognized as the birthplace of organized ice hockey.

Ice hockey [SEP] Initial development

While the game's origins lie elsewhere, Montreal is at the centre of the development of the sport of contemporary ice hockey, and is recognized as the birthplace of organized ice hockey. On March 3, 1875, the first organized indoor game was played at Montreal's Victoria Skating Rink between two nine-player teams, including James Creighton and several McGill University students. Instead of a ball or bung, the game featured a "flat circular piece of wood" (to keep it in the rink and to protect spectators). The goal posts were apart (today's goals are six feet wide). In 1876, games played in Montreal were "conducted under the 'Hockey Association' rules"; the Hockey Association was England's field hockey organization.


Context: who is maurice richard?

Context: Canadian professional ice hockey player

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Montreal, Quebec.

Context: From Mohawk language

Context: Western, Central, and Eastern.

Context: what is the history behind it?

Context: what is the initial development of the aforementioned game?

Context: Montreal is at the centre of the development of contemporary ice hockey, and is recognized as the birthplace of organized ice hockey.

Question: what are some other regions this game is played?

Answer: South Africa

Ice hockey [SEP] Other regions

The Australian Ice Hockey League and New Zealand Ice Hockey League are represented by nine and five teams respectively. As of 2012, the two top teams of the previous season from each league compete in the Trans-Tasman Champions League. Ice hockey in Africa is a small but growing sport; while no African ice hockey playing nation has a domestic national leagues, there are several regional leagues in South Africa.


Context: who is maurice richard?

Context: Canadian professional ice hockey player

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Montreal, Quebec.

Context: From Mohawk language

Context: Western, Central, and Eastern.

Context: what is the history behind it?

Context: what are some other regions this game is played?

Context: South Africa

Question: what are some animals found in this country?

Answer: Lions, African leopards, South African cheetahs, etc.

South Africa [SEP] Animals

Numerous mammals are found in the Bushveld including lions, African leopards, South African cheetahs, southern white rhinos, blue wildebeest, kudus, impalas, hyenas, hippopotamuses and South African giraffes. A significant extent of the Bushveld exists in the north-east including Kruger National Park and the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, as well as in the far north in the Waterberg Biosphere. South Africa houses many endemic species, among them the critically endangered riverine rabbit ("Bunolagus monticullaris") in the Karoo.


Context: who is maurice richard?

Context: Canadian professional ice hockey player

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Montreal, Quebec.

Context: From Mohawk language

Context: Western, Central, and Eastern.

Context: what is the history behind it?

Context: South Africa

Context: what are some animals found in this country?

Context: Lions, African leopards, South African cheetahs, etc.

Question: what are some characteristics belonging to the second mentioned animal?

Answer: Great variation in coat color, depending on location and habitat and are sexually dimorphic.

African leopard [SEP] Characteristics

The African leopard exhibits great variation in coat color, depending on location and habitat. Coat colour varies from pale yellow to deep gold or tawny, and sometimes black, and is patterned with black rosettes while the head, lower limbs and belly are spotted with solid black. Male leopards are larger, averaging with being the maximum weight attained by a male. Females weigh about on average. The African leopard is sexually dimorphic; males are larger and heavier than females. Between 1996 and 2000, 11 adult leopards were radio-collared on Namibian farmlands. Males weighed only, and females . The heaviest known leopard weighed about , and was recorded in South West Africa.


Context: who is maurice richard?

Context: Canadian professional ice hockey player

Context: where was this person born?

Context: Montreal, Quebec.

Context: From Mohawk language

Context: Western, Central, and Eastern.

Context: what is the history behind it?

Context: South Africa

Context: what are some characteristics belonging to the second mentioned animal?

Context: Great variation in coat color, depending on location and habitat and are sexually dimorphic.

Question: what is its diet?

Answer: Ranges from dung beetles to adult elands.

African leopard [SEP] Diet and hunting

The leopard has an exceptional ability to adapt to changes in prey availability, and has a very broad diet. It takes small prey where large ungulates are less common. The known prey of leopards ranges from dung beetles to adult elands, which can reach . In sub-Saharan Africa, at least 92 prey species have been documented in leopard scat, including rodents, birds, small and large antelopes, hyraxes, hares, and arthropods. Leopards generally focus their hunting activity on locally abundant medium-sized ungulates in the range, while opportunistically taking other prey. Average intervals between ungulate kills range from seven to 12–13 days.


Question: what is the habitat of a dodo bird

Answer: It may have inhabited the woods on the drier coastal areas of south and west Mauritius.

Dodo [SEP] Behaviour and ecology

The preferred habitat of the dodo is unknown, but old descriptions suggest that it inhabited the woods on the drier coastal areas of south and west Mauritius. This view is supported by the fact that the Mare aux Songes swamp, where most dodo remains have been excavated, is close to the sea in south-eastern Mauritius. Such a limited distribution across the island could well have contributed to its extinction. A 1601 map from the "Gelderland" journal shows a small island off the coast of Mauritius where dodos were caught. Julian Hume has suggested this island was l'île aux Benitiers in Tamarin Bay, on the west coast of Mauritius.


Context: what is the habitat of a dodo bird

Context: It may have inhabited the woods on the drier coastal areas of south and west Mauritius.

Question: what is dodo?

Answer: It is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.

Dodo [SEP] Introduction

The dodo ("Raphus cucullatus") is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. The dodo's closest genetic relative was the also-extinct Rodrigues solitaire, the two forming the subfamily Raphinae of the family of pigeons and doves. The closest living relative of the dodo is the Nicobar pigeon. A white dodo was once thought to have existed on the nearby island of Réunion, but this is now thought to have been confusion based on the Réunion ibis and paintings of white dodos. Subfossil remains show the dodo was about tall and may have weighed in the wild.


Context: what is the habitat of a dodo bird

Context: what is dodo?

Context: It is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.

Question: what is this type of bird you just mentioned?

Answer: These are birds that through evolution have lost the ability to fly.

Flightless bird [SEP] Introduction

Flightless birds are birds that through evolution lost the ability to fly. There are over 60 extant species, including the well known ratites (ostriches, emu, cassowaries, rheas and kiwi) and penguins. The smallest flightless bird is the Inaccessible Island rail (length 12.5 cm, weight 34.7 g). The largest (both heaviest and tallest) flightless bird, which is also the largest living bird, is the ostrich (2.7 m, 156 kg). Ostriches are farmed for their decorative feathers, meat and their skins, which are used to make leather. Many domesticated birds, such as the domestic chicken and domestic duck, have lost the ability to fly for extended periods, although their ancestral species, the red junglefowl and mallard, respectively, are capable of extended flight.


Context: what is the habitat of a dodo bird

Context: what is dodo?

Context: what is this type of bird you just mentioned?

Context: These are birds that through evolution have lost the ability to fly.

Question: where do they originate?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Flightless bird [SEP] Introduction


Context: what is the habitat of a dodo bird

Context: what is dodo?

Context: where do they originate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: name some of these birds

Answer: Cretaceous patagopterygiformes, hesperornithids, the Cenozoic phorusrhacids etc.

Flightless bird [SEP] List of flightless birds

Many flightless birds are extinct; this list shows species that are either still extant, or became extinct in the Holocene (no more than 11,000 years ago). Extinct species are indicated with a dagger (†). A number of species suspected, but not confirmed to be flightless, are also included here. Longer-extinct groups of flightless birds include the Cretaceous patagopterygiformes, hesperornithids, the Cenozoic phorusrhacids ("terror birds") and related bathornithids, the unrelated eogruids, geranoidids, gastornithiforms, and dromornithids (mihirungs or "demon ducks").


Context: what is the habitat of a dodo bird

Context: what is dodo?

Context: where do they originate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name some of these birds

Context: Cretaceous patagopterygiformes, hesperornithids, the Cenozoic phorusrhacids etc.

Question: where did the above mentioned island take its name from?

Answer: In 1598, Dutch squadron under Admiral Wybrand van Warwyck landed at Grand Port and named the island "Mauritius", in honour of Prince Maurice van Nassau, stadtholder of the Dutch Republic.

Explanation: In 1598, Dutch squadron under Admiral Wybrand van Warwyck landed at Grand Port and named the island "Mauritius", in honour of Prince Maurice van Nassau, stadtholder of the Dutch Republic.

Mauritius [SEP] Etymology

Later the island became a French colony and was renamed Isle de France. On 3 December 1810, the French surrendered the island to Great Britain during the Napoleonic Wars. Under British rule, the island's name reverted to "Mauritius" . Mauritius is also commonly known as "Maurice" () and "Île Maurice" in French, "Moris" () in Mauritian Creole.


Context: what is the habitat of a dodo bird

Context: what is dodo?

Context: where do they originate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name some of these birds

Context: where did the above mentioned island take its name from?

Context: In 1598, Dutch squadron under Admiral Wybrand van Warwyck landed at Grand Port and named the island "Mauritius", in honour of Prince Maurice van Nassau, stadtholder of the Dutch Republic.

Question: was this island invaded by the foreign settlers?

Answer: Yes, the Portuguese

Mauritius [SEP] Portuguese Mauritius

The Treaty of Tordesillas purported to give Portugal the right to colonise this part of world. In 1507, Portuguese sailors came to the uninhabited island and established a visiting base. Diogo Fernandes Pereira, a Portuguese navigator, was the first European known to land in Mauritius. He named the island "Ilha do Cirne" ("Island of Cirne"). The Portuguese did not stay long as they were not interested in these islands. The Mascarene Islands were named after Pedro Mascarenhas, Viceroy of Portuguese India, after his visit to the islands in 1512. Rodrigues Island was named after Portuguese explorer Diogo Rodrigues, who first came upon the island in 1528.


Context: what is the habitat of a dodo bird

Context: what is dodo?

Context: where do they originate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name some of these birds

Context: was this island invaded by the foreign settlers?

Context: Yes, the Portuguese

Question: what did they do?

Answer: The Treaty of Tordesillas purported to give Portugal the right to colonize this part of world; they established a visiting base; Diogo Fernandes Pereira named the island "Ilha do Cirne" ("Island of Cirne").

Explanation: The Treaty of Tordesillas purported to give Portugal the right to colonise this part of world. In 1507, Portuguese sailors came to the uninhabited island and established a visiting base. Diogo Fernandes Pereira, a Portuguese navigator, was the first European known to land in Mauritius. He named the island "Ilha do Cirne" ("Island of Cirne"). The Portuguese did not stay long as they were not interested in these islands.

Mauritius [SEP] Portuguese Mauritius


Context: what is the habitat of a dodo bird

Context: what is dodo?

Context: where do they originate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name some of these birds

Context: Yes, the Portuguese

Context: what did they do?

Context: The Treaty of Tordesillas purported to give Portugal the right to colonize this part of world; they established a visiting base; Diogo Fernandes Pereira named the island "Ilha do Cirne" ("Island of Cirne").

Question: when did they sign this treaty?

Answer: June 7, 1494

Treaty of Tordesillas [SEP] Introduction

The Treaty of Tordesillas ( ; ), signed at Tordesillas in Spain on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly-discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire (Crown of Castile), along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa. That line of demarcation was about halfway between the Cape Verde islands (already Portuguese) and the islands entered by Christopher Columbus on his first voyage (claimed for Castile and León), named in the treaty as Cipangu and Antilia (Cuba and Hispaniola). The lands to the east would belong to Portugal and the lands to the west to Castile.


Context: what is the habitat of a dodo bird

Context: what is dodo?

Context: where do they originate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name some of these birds

Context: Yes, the Portuguese

Context: what did they do?

Context: when did they sign this treaty?

Context: June 7, 1494

Question: was there any other treaty along with this?

Answer: Yes, the Treaty of Zaragoza

The treaty was signed by Spain, , and by Portugal, . The other side of the world was divided a few decades later by the Treaty of Zaragoza, signed on , which specified the to the line of demarcation specified in the Treaty of Tordesillas. Originals of both treaties are kept at the General Archive of the Indies in Spain and at the Torre do Tombo National Archive in Portugal. Despite considerable ignorance regarding the geography of the so-called New World, Portugal and Spain largely respected the treaty. The other European powers however did not sign the treaty and generally ignored it, particularly those that became Protestant after the Reformation.


Context: what is the habitat of a dodo bird

Context: what is dodo?

Context: where do they originate?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name some of these birds

Context: Yes, the Portuguese

Context: what did they do?

Context: when did they sign this treaty?

Context: June 7, 1494

Context: was there any other treaty along with this?

Context: Yes, the Treaty of Zaragoza

Question: how did the first one get enforced?

Answer: The Portuguese King sent a threatening letter to the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, stating that by the Treaty of Alcáçovas signed in 1479 and by the 1481 papal bull "Æterni regis" that granted all lands south of the Canary Islands to Portugal, all of the lands discovered by Columbus belonged, in fact, to Portugal.

Explanation: After learning of the Castilian-sponsored voyage, the Portuguese King sent a threatening letter to the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, stating that by the Treaty of Alcáçovas signed in 1479 and by the 1481 papal bull "Æterni regis" that granted all lands south of the Canary Islands to Portugal, all of the lands discovered by Columbus belonged, in fact, to Portugal.

Treaty of Tordesillas [SEP] Signing and enforcement

The Portuguese were unlikely to go to war over the islands encountered by Columbus, but the explicit mention of India was a major issue. As the Pope had not made changes, the Portuguese king opened direct negotiations with the Catholic Monarchs to move the line to the west and allow him to claim newly discovered lands east of the line. In the bargain, John accepted "Inter caetera" as the starting point of discussion with Ferdinand and Isabella, but had the boundary line moved 270 leagues west, protecting the Portuguese route down the coast of Africa and giving the Portuguese rights to lands that now constitute the Eastern quarter of Brazil.


Question: who wrote the lyrics to we are the world

Answer: Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson

We Are the World [SEP] Introduction

"We Are the World" is a charity single originally recorded by the supergroup USA for Africa in 1985. It was written by Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson and produced by Quincy Jones and Michael Omartian for the album "We Are the World". With sales in excess of 20 million copies, it is the eighth best-selling physical single of all time. Following Band Aid's 1984 "Do They Know It's Christmas?" project in the UK, an idea for the creation of an American benefit single for African famine relief came from activist Harry Belafonte, who, along with fundraiser Ken Kragen, was instrumental in bringing the vision to reality.


Context: who wrote the lyrics to we are the world

Context: Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson

Question: when was it released?

Answer: March 7, 1985

We Are the World [SEP] Introduction

Several musicians were contacted by the pair, before Jackson and Richie were assigned the task of writing the song. The duo completed the writing of "We Are the World" seven weeks after the release of "Do They Know It's Christmas?", and one night before the song's first recording session, on January 21, 1985. The historic event brought together some of the most well-known artists in the music industry at the time. The song was released on March 7, 1985, as the first single from the album. A worldwide commercial success, topping music charts throughout the world and becoming the fastest-selling U.S.


Context: Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 7, 1985

Question: was the song sung for humanitarian aid?

Answer: Yes

Explanation: Four months after the release of "We Are the World", USA for Africa had taken in almost $10.8 million (equivalent to $ million today).

We Are the World [SEP] Humanitarian aid

The remaining 10 percent of funds was earmarked for domestic hunger and homeless programs in the US. From the African fund, over 70 recovery and development projects were launched in seven African nations. Such projects included aid in agriculture, fishing, water management, manufacturing and reforestation. Training programs were also developed in the African countries of Mozambique, Senegal, Chad, Mauritania, Burkina Faso, and Mali.


Context: Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 7, 1985

Context: was the song sung for humanitarian aid?

Context: Yes

Question: when?

Answer: 1985

Explanation: One of the earliest such performances came in 1985, during the rock music concert Live Aid, which ended with more than 100 musicians singing the song on stage.

We Are the World [SEP] Notable live performances

Clinton singing along in 'We Are the World', the first President to aspire, however futilely, to hipness." As a prelude to his song "Heal the World", "We Are the World" was performed as an interlude during two of Michael Jackson's tours, the Dangerous World Tour from 1992 to 1993 and the HIStory World Tour from 1996 to 1997. Jackson briefly perform the song with a chorus at the 2006 World Music Award in London, in his last live public performance. Jackson planned to use the song for his This Is It comeback concerts at The O2 Arena in London from 2009 to 2010, but the shows were cancelled due to his sudden death.


Context: Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 7, 1985

Context: was the song sung for humanitarian aid?

Context: Yes

Context: when?

Question: in which places was the song sung?

Answer: In 1993, it was sung at the event by Clinton's Hollywood friends at the Lincoln Memorial.

Explanation: An inaugural celebration was held for US President-elect Bill Clinton in January 1993. The event was staged by Clinton's Hollywood friends at the Lincoln Memorial and drew hundreds of thousands of people.


Context: Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 7, 1985

Context: was the song sung for humanitarian aid?

Context: Yes

Context: when?

Context: in which places was the song sung?

Context: In 1993, it was sung at the event by Clinton's Hollywood friends at the Lincoln Memorial.

Question: did the first lyricist have any children?

Answer: Yes, he has 3 children

Explanation: On October 18, 1975, Richie married his college sweetheart, Brenda Harvey. In 1983 the couple informally adopted Nicole Camille Escovedo, the two-year-old daughter of one of the members of Lionel's band, and niece of drummer Sheila E. They raised her as their daughter, Nicole Richie, and adopted her legally when she was nine years old.

Lionel Richie [SEP] Family

Richie and Harvey divorced on August 9, 1993 after nearly 18 years of marriage. Richie married Diane Alexander on December 21, 1995. They have a son, Miles Brockman (born May 27, 1994), and a daughter, Sofia Richie (born August 24, 1998). The marriage ended in 2004. Richie became a grandfather in 2008 when Nicole Richie gave birth to a baby girl with the lead singer of Good Charlotte, Joel Madden. Richie's second grandchild was born to the couple in 2009.


Context: Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 7, 1985

Context: was the song sung for humanitarian aid?

Context: Yes

Context: when?

Context: in which places was the song sung?

Context: did the first lyricist have any children?

Context: Yes, he has 3 children

Question: did he receive any awards?

Answer: Yes, four Grammy Awards and a  Golden Globe award.

Lionel Richie [SEP] Awards and honors

Richie has won four Grammy Awards including Song of the Year in 1985 for "We Are the World" which he co-wrote with Michael Jackson, Album of the Year in 1984 for "Can't Slow Down", Producer of the Year (Non-Classical) in 1984 and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for Truly in 1982. Richie was the first person to receive an RIAA diamond album award. Richie has been nominated for two Golden Globe awards and won one. In 1982 he was nominated for Best Original Song for the film "Endless Love". In 1986 he was nominated and won the award for Best Original Song for the song "Say You, Say Me", featured in the film "White Nights".


Context: Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson

Context: when was it released?

Context: March 7, 1985

Context: was the song sung for humanitarian aid?

Context: Yes

Context: when?

Context: in which places was the song sung?

Context: Yes, he has 3 children

Context: did he receive any awards?

Context: Yes, four Grammy Awards and a  Golden Globe award.

Question: did the second lyricist also win awards?

Answer: Yes, 39 Guinness World Records, 13 Grammy Awards, as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

Michael Jackson [SEP] Honors and awards

In 1992, he was honored as a "Point of Light Ambassador" by Bush for inviting disadvantaged children to his Neverland Ranch. Jackson won hundreds of awards, more than any other popular music recording artist. His awards include 39 Guinness World Records, including the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time, 13 Grammy Awards, as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and a record 26 American Music Awards, including the "Artist of the Century" and "Artist of the 1980s". He also was honored with the World Music Awards' Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium and the Bambi Pop Artist of the Millennium Award.