Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: describe the senate's standards on ethics?

Context: Senators could not engage in banking or any form of public contract without legal approval. They could not own a ship that was large enough to participate in foreign commerce without legal approval, and they could not leave Italy without permission from the Senate.

Question: what are the standards for the venue?

Answer: While Senate meetings could take place either inside or outside of the formal boundary of the city (the "pomerium"), no meeting could take place more than a mile outside of the "pomerium".

The rules and procedures of the Roman Senate were both complex and ancient. Many of these rules and procedures originated in the early years of the Republic, and were upheld over the centuries under the principle of "mos maiorum" ("customs of the ancestors"). While Senate meetings could take place either inside or outside of the formal boundary of the city (the "pomerium"), no meeting could take place more than a mile outside of the "pomerium". Senate meetings might take place outside of the formal boundary of the city for several reasons. For example, the Senate might wish to meet with an individual, such as a foreign ambassador, whom they did not wish to allow inside the city.


Context: where did the roman government meet to conduct its business

Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: While Senate meetings could take place either inside or outside of the formal boundary of the city (the "pomerium"), no meeting could take place more than a mile outside of the "pomerium".

Question: what is the "pomerium"?

Answer: It was a religious boundary around the city of Rome and cities controlled by Rome.

Pomerium [SEP] Introduction

The pomerium or pomoerium was a religious boundary around the city of Rome and cities controlled by Rome. In legal terms, Rome existed only within its "pomerium"; everything beyond it was simply territory "(ager)" belonging to Rome.


Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: what is the "pomerium"?

Context: It was a religious boundary around the city of Rome and cities controlled by Rome.

Question: from where did the religious boundary get its name?

Answer: The term is a classical contraction of the Latin phrase "", literally "beyond the wall".

Pomerium [SEP] Name

The term is a classical contraction of the Latin phrase "", literally "beyond the wall". The Roman historian Livy writes in his "Ab Urbe Condita" that, although the etymology implies a meaning referring to a single side of the wall, the pomerium was originally an area of ground on both sides of city walls. He states that it was an Etruscan tradition to consecrate this area by augury and that it was technically unlawful to inhabit or to farm the area of the pomerium, which in part had the purpose of preventing buildings from being erected close to the wall (although he writes that, in his time, houses were in fact built against the wall on the line).


Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: what is the "pomerium"?

Context: from where did the religious boundary get its name?

Context: The term is a classical contraction of the Latin phrase "", literally "beyond the wall".

Question: to where is it extended?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Pomerium [SEP] Name


Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: what is the "pomerium"?

Context: to where is it extended?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: was the place where the roman government meet to conduct its business destroyed?

Answer: Yes, by fire.

Curia Hostilia [SEP] Destruction by fire

The building was destroyed in 52 BC after the makeshift funeral fire for Publius Clodius Pulcher ignited the structure, burning it to the ground. It was replaced with the Curia Cornelia, located in almost the same space. This structure was in turn replaced by the Curia Julia started by Julius Caesar and finished by Emperor Augustus.


Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: what is the "pomerium"?

Context: to where is it extended?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: was the place where the roman government meet to conduct its business destroyed?

Context: Yes, by fire.

Question: how is the architecture of the place?

Answer: Its architecture had changed a number of times, all sources mention the "Tabula Valeria", a painting on the exterior of the Curia's western wall.

Explanation:
The Curia Hostilia architecture had changed a number of times, but maintained its original form even after a number of refurbishments. The structure was where all of Rome's early political life centered. It is said that the public was always allowed to stroll into the Curia Hostilia to listen to the senators debate.

Relatively little is known about the Curia Hostilia. One feature of the Curia that is mentioned in almost all sources is the "Tabula Valeria", a painting on the exterior of the Curia's western wall. It depicted the victory of Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla over Hiero and the Carthaginians in 263 BC. Pliny says that the painting was the first such picture in Rome.

Curia Hostilia [SEP] Architecture and layout

There may have been a small shrine to the god Vulcan from the earliest period, a stone altar with a marble stele inscribed with a dedication from a Latin king. An honorary column was also among the tightly packed items. This spot was separated from the rest of the comitium with a low rising concrete fence to keep pedestrians from walking atop it. The Curia Hostilia architecture had changed a number of times, but maintained its original form even after a number of refurbishments. The structure was where all of Rome's early political life centered. It is said that the public was always allowed to stroll into the Curia Hostilia to listen to the senators debate.


Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: what is the "pomerium"?

Context: to where is it extended?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, by fire.

Context: how is the architecture of the place?

Context: Its architecture had changed a number of times, all sources mention the "Tabula Valeria", a painting on the exterior of the Curia's western wall.

Question: what was the cause behind the fire?

Answer: A makeshift funeral fire that went out of control.


Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: what is the "pomerium"?

Context: to where is it extended?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, by fire.

Context: how is the architecture of the place?

Context: what was the cause behind the fire?

Context: A makeshift funeral fire that went out of control.

Question: who made the above mentioned painting?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: what is the "pomerium"?

Context: to where is it extended?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, by fire.

Context: how is the architecture of the place?

Context: what was the cause behind the fire?

Context: who made the above mentioned painting?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: describe the voting system used in the aforementioned senate?

Answer: It was not an elected body, but one whose members were appointed by the consuls, and later by the censors.

Senate of the Roman Republic [SEP] Introduction

The Senate was the governing and advisory assembly of the aristocracy in the ancient Roman Republic. It was not an elected body, but one whose members were appointed by the consuls, and later by the censors. After a Roman magistrate served his term in office, it usually was followed with automatic appointment to the Senate. According to the Greek historian Polybius, our principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government. Polybius noted that it was the "consuls" (the highest-ranking of the regular magistrates) who led the armies and the civil government in Rome, and it was the "Roman assemblies" which had the ultimate authority over elections, legislation, and criminal trials.


Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: what is the "pomerium"?

Context: to where is it extended?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, by fire.

Context: how is the architecture of the place?

Context: what was the cause behind the fire?

Context: who made the above mentioned painting?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: describe the voting system used in the aforementioned senate?

Context: It was not an elected body, but one whose members were appointed by the consuls, and later by the censors.

Question: how are debates conducted over there?

Answer: A senator could make a brief statement, discuss the matter in detail, or talk about an unrelated topic. All senators had to speak before a vote could be held.

Senate of the Roman Republic [SEP] Debates

This continued, until the most junior senators had spoken. Senators who had held magisterial office always spoke before those who had not, and if a "patrician" was of equal seniority as a "plebeian", the patrician would always speak first. A senator could make a brief statement, discuss the matter in detail, or talk about an unrelated topic. All senators had to speak before a vote could be held, and since all meetings had to end by nightfall, a senator could talk a proposal to death (a filibuster or "diem consumere") if they could keep the debate going until nightfall. It is known, for example, that the senator Cato the Younger once filibustered in an attempt to prevent the Senate from granting Julius Caesar a law that would have given land to the veterans of Pompey.


Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: what is the "pomerium"?

Context: to where is it extended?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, by fire.

Context: how is the architecture of the place?

Context: what was the cause behind the fire?

Context: who made the above mentioned painting?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are debates conducted over there?

Context: A senator could make a brief statement, discuss the matter in detail, or talk about an unrelated topic. All senators had to speak before a vote could be held.

Question: what kind of tactics are used in the senate?

Answer: When a presiding magistrate was proposing a motion, for example, the senators could call "consult" ("consule"), which required the magistrate to ask for the opinions of the senators. Any senator could demand a quorum call (with the cry of "numera"), which required a count of the senators present, to name a few.

Senate of the Roman Republic [SEP] Delaying and obstructive tactics

Senators had several ways in which they could influence (or frustrate) a presiding magistrate. When a presiding magistrate was proposing a motion, for example, the senators could call "consult" ("consule"), which required the magistrate to ask for the opinions of the senators. Any senator could demand a quorum call (with the cry of "numera"), which required a count of the senators present. Like modern quorum calls, this was usually a delaying tactic. Senators could also demand that a motion be divided into smaller motions. Acts such as applause, booing, or heckling often played a major role in a debate, and, in part because all senators had an absolute right to free speech, any senator could respond at any point if he was attacked personally.


Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: what is the "pomerium"?

Context: to where is it extended?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, by fire.

Context: how is the architecture of the place?

Context: what was the cause behind the fire?

Context: who made the above mentioned painting?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are debates conducted over there?

Context: what kind of tactics are used in the senate?

Context: When a presiding magistrate was proposing a motion, for example, the senators could call "consult" ("consule"), which required the magistrate to ask for the opinions of the senators. Any senator could demand a quorum call (with the cry of "numera"), which required a count of the senators present, to name a few.

Question: what is the mean of the call?

Answer: A member wishing to delay proceedings may request that the presiding officer determine whether a quorum is present.

Quorum call [SEP] Introduction

In legislatures, a quorum call is used to determine if a quorum is present. Since attendance at debates is not mandatory in most legislatures, it is often the case that a quorum of members is not present while debate is ongoing. A member wishing to delay proceedings (for example, to allow other members time to get to the chamber in order to join debate) may request that the presiding officer determine whether a quorum is present. If a quorum does not appear to be present, debate is suspended.


Context: The Curia Hostilia.

Context: what are the standards for the venue?

Context: what is the "pomerium"?

Context: to where is it extended?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Yes, by fire.

Context: how is the architecture of the place?

Context: what was the cause behind the fire?

Context: who made the above mentioned painting?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how are debates conducted over there?

Context: what is the mean of the call?

Context: A member wishing to delay proceedings may request that the presiding officer determine whether a quorum is present.

Question: where was the place where the roman government meet to conduct its business located?

Answer: The Curia Hostilia.

Senate of the Roman Republic [SEP] Venue and ethical standards

The Senate was only allowed to meet in a building of religious significance, such as the Curia Hostilia. The ethical requirements of senators were significant. Senators could not engage in banking or any form of public contract without legal approval . They could not own a ship that was large enough to participate in foreign commerce without legal approval, and they could not leave Italy without permission from the Senate. In addition, since they were not paid, individuals usually sought to become a senator only if they were independently wealthy.


Question: how old is the girl who plays belle in once upon a time

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Emilie de Ravin [SEP] Introduction

Emilie de Ravin (; born 27 December 1981) is an Australian-American actress. She starred as Tess Harding on "Roswell" (2000–2002), Claire Littleton on the ABC drama "Lost" (2004–2008, 2010), and as Belle on the ABC drama "Once Upon a Time" (2011–2018). De Ravin's film credits include "Santa's Slay" (2005), "The Hills Have Eyes" (2006) and "Ball Don't Lie" (2008). She starred as Emily, the heroin-addicted ex-girlfriend of Brendan Frye, in the neo-noir film "Brick" (2005). She had a cameo in "Public Enemies" (2009) and starred as Ally in "Remember Me" (2010). De Ravin has been included on "Maxim"s Hot 100 list three times: in 2005 (No.


Context: how old is the girl who plays belle in once upon a time

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who is emilie de ravin?

Answer: She is an Australian-American actress.

Explanation: Emilie de Ravin (; born 27 December 1981) is an Australian-American actress

Emilie de Ravin [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Question: what are her debut series/film?

Answer: Her  first major role was a recurring part as Curupira in the TV series "Beastmaster".

Emilie de Ravin [SEP] Career

De Ravin's first major role was a recurring part as Curupira in the TV series "Beastmaster". She went on to appear as alien/human hybrid Tess Harding in the teen television series, "Roswell". She landed this role one month after moving to Los Angeles at the age of 18. In 2004, De Ravin was cast to portray Claire Littleton on the hit ABC drama "Lost." Speaking about the success of "Lost", she said: "It's sort of hard to say. You read something and have a good feeling about it, it sounds great, ties nicely together and then shooting something, editing it, the music, the actors involved, everything sort of plays a huge part.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: Her  first major role was a recurring part as Curupira in the TV series "Beastmaster".

Question: where was she born?

Answer: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Emilie de Ravin [SEP] Early life

De Ravin was born in Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia, an outer southeastern suburb of Melbourne. Having studied ballet since the age of nine at Christa Cameron School of Ballet in Melbourne, and being home schooled by her mother, she was accepted into the Australian Ballet School at fifteen, where she performed in productions with The Australian Ballet as well as Danceworld 301. She studied acting at Australia's National Institute of Dramatic Art, and with the Prime Time Actors Studio in Los Angeles.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Question: did she study acting?

Answer: Yes, at Australia's National Institute of Dramatic Art

Explanation: She studied acting at Australia's National Institute of Dramatic Art, and with the Prime Time Actors Studio in Los Angeles

Emilie de Ravin [SEP] Early life


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Context: did she study acting?

Context: Yes, at Australia's National Institute of Dramatic Art

Question: what is the aforementioned institute?

Answer: It is Australia's leading centre for education and training in the performing arts

National Institute of Dramatic Art [SEP] Introduction

The National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) is Australia's leading centre for education and training in the performing arts. Founded in 1958, NIDA uses a conservatoire model, where students learn through practical experience, working on real productions. NIDA offers Bachelor's, Master's and Vocational degrees in subjects including acting, writing, directing, scenic construction, technical theatre, voice, costume, props, production design and cultural leadership. NIDA also delivers short courses to thousands of students every year across Australia and internationally. The NIDA Open program is Australia's largest non-profit, performing arts short course program. In 2018, NIDA was ranked as the 10th best drama school in the world by "The Hollywood Reporter" and in the Top 5 Undergraduate Schools for an Acting Degree in 2019.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Context: did she study acting?

Context: what is the aforementioned institute?

Context: It is Australia's leading centre for education and training in the performing arts

Question: when was it founded?

Answer: 1958

Explanation: Founded in 1958, NIDA uses a conservatoire model, where students learn through practical experience, working on real productions.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Context: did she study acting?

Context: what is the aforementioned institute?

Context: when was it founded?

Question: what are the significant period in the history of this institute?

Answer: From 1961 it offered both acting and production streams, and in the early 1970s design, technical production and directing streams were introduced

National Institute of Dramatic Art [SEP] History

From 1961 it offered both acting and production streams, and in the early 1970s design, technical production and directing streams were introduced. In 1991 NIDA expanded into the study of theatrical crafts – costume, properties, scenery and staging - and over the 2000s developed post-graduate courses in voice, movement studies, production management and playwriting. The current courses in six undergraduate, five post-graduate and four vocational diploma disciplines reflect NIDA's ongoing responsiveness to industry demands.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Context: did she study acting?

Context: what is the aforementioned institute?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what are the significant period in the history of this institute?

Context: From 1961 it offered both acting and production streams, and in the early 1970s design, technical production and directing streams were introduced

Question: what are the well known roles played by the actress during her career?

Answer: She starred as Tess Harding on "Roswell" (2000–2002), Claire Littleton on the ABC drama "Lost" (2004–2008, 2010), and as Belle on the ABC drama "Once Upon a Time" (2011–2018).

Explanation: She starred as Tess Harding on "Roswell" (2000–2002), Claire Littleton on the ABC drama "Lost" (2004–2008, 2010), and as Belle on the ABC drama "Once Upon a Time" (2011–2018).

Emilie de Ravin [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Context: did she study acting?

Context: what is the aforementioned institute?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what are the well known roles played by the actress during her career?

Context: She starred as Tess Harding on "Roswell" (2000–2002), Claire Littleton on the ABC drama "Lost" (2004–2008, 2010), and as Belle on the ABC drama "Once Upon a Time" (2011–2018).

Question: what is the second mentioned film/series?

Answer: It is an American drama television series.

Lost (TV series) [SEP] Introduction

Lost is an American drama television series that originally aired on ABC from September 22, 2004, to May 23, 2010, over six seasons, comprising a total of 121 episodes. The show contains elements of supernatural and science fiction, and follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner flying between Sydney and Los Angeles, after the plane crashes on a mysterious island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean. The story is told in a heavily serialized manner. Episodes typically feature a primary storyline set on the island, augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences which provide additional insight into the involved characters.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Context: did she study acting?

Context: what is the aforementioned institute?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what is the second mentioned film/series?

Context: It is an American drama television series.

Question: what was the role played by the character in the series?

Answer: Claire Littleton

Claire Littleton [SEP] Introduction

Claire Littleton is a fictional character played by Emilie de Ravin on the ABC drama television series "Lost", which chronicles the lives of the survivors of a plane crash in the South Pacific. Claire is introduced in the pilot episode as a pregnant crash survivor. She is a series regular until her mysterious disappearance in the fourth season finale. The character returned as a regular in the sixth season.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Context: did she study acting?

Context: what is the aforementioned institute?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: what was the role played by the character in the series?

Context: Claire Littleton

Question: how did the actress engage in other projects?

Answer: She has graced the covers of numerous international fashion magazines, including US' "Entertainment Weekly", "FHM", "InStyle Weddings, etc.

Emilie de Ravin [SEP] Other projects

De Ravin has graced the covers of numerous international fashion magazines, including US' "Entertainment Weekly", "FHM", "InStyle Weddings, 944, Life, Where, LA Baby" and "Giant;" Finland's "Demi" Belgium's "Ciné Télé Revue"; Australia's "Sunday" and "People"; and UK's "Fabric". She has also modeled for "CosmoGirl, Stuff" and "BPM Culture." She has appeared in advertising campaigns for JCPenney and Hanes. In 2005, she ranked #47, #65 in 2006 and #68 in 2008 on "Maxim"'s Hot 100 list.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Context: did she study acting?

Context: what is the aforementioned institute?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: Claire Littleton

Context: how did the actress engage in other projects?

Context: She has graced the covers of numerous international fashion magazines, including US' "Entertainment Weekly", "FHM", "InStyle Weddings, etc.

Question: what is the last mentioned magazine?

Answer: It is a monthly women's fashion magazine.

InStyle [SEP] Introduction

InStyle is a monthly women's fashion magazine founded in 1994. It is published in the US by Meredith Corporation.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Context: did she study acting?

Context: what is the aforementioned institute?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: Claire Littleton

Context: what is the last mentioned magazine?

Context: It is a monthly women's fashion magazine.

Question: who is the publisher of the weekly magazine mentioned first in the above answer?

Answer: Meredith Corporation

Entertainment Weekly [SEP] Introduction

Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is an American monthly entertainment magazine based in New York City, published by Meredith Corporation, that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books, and popular culture. The magazine debuted on February 16, 1990, in New York City. Different from celebrity-focused publications such as "Us Weekly", "People" (a sister magazine to "EW"), and "In Touch Weekly", "EW" primarily concentrates on entertainment media news and critical reviews. However, unlike "Variety" and "The Hollywood Reporter", which are aimed at industry insiders, "EW" targets a more general audience.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Context: did she study acting?

Context: what is the aforementioned institute?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: Claire Littleton

Context: what is the last mentioned magazine?

Context: who is the publisher of the weekly magazine mentioned first in the above answer?

Context: Meredith Corporation

Question: where is the magazine based in?

Answer: New York City

Entertainment Weekly [SEP] Introduction


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who is emilie de ravin?

Context: She is an Australian-American actress.

Context: what are her debut series/film?

Context: where was she born?

Context: Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia

Context: did she study acting?

Context: what is the aforementioned institute?

Context: when was it founded?

Context: Claire Littleton

Context: what is the last mentioned magazine?

Context: Meredith Corporation

Context: where is the magazine based in?

Context: New York City

Question: is the actress mentioned at the beginning married?

Answer: Yes, she married actor Josh Janowicz

Emilie de Ravin [SEP] Personal life

After three years of dating, actor Josh Janowicz proposed to De Ravin on New Year's Day 2003 in Melbourne, which she said "was very impromptu and very sweet". She met Janowicz in Los Angeles, and said that "our life together always comes before work. You can't buy love or family." While filming "Lost", De Ravin flew to and from Hawaii "once or twice a week" to return to her home in Burbank, California, which she shared with Janowicz and their poodle. The couple married 19 June 2003 (not 2006, when they had a public celebration) in Melbourne, Australia. They separated six months after they married, and then reconciled.


Question: who played the girl in the fifth element

Answer: Milla Jovovich

Explanation: Milla Jovovich

The Fifth Element [SEP] Introduction

The Fifth Element () is a 1997 English-language French science fiction action film directed and co-written by Luc Besson. It stars Bruce Willis, Gary Oldman and Milla Jovovich. Primarily set in the 23rd century, the film's central plot involves the survival of planet Earth, which becomes the responsibility of Korben Dallas (Willis), a taxicab driver and former special forces major, after a young woman (Jovovich) falls into his cab. To accomplish this, Dallas joins forces with her to recover four mystical stones essential for the defence of Earth against the impending attack of a malevolent cosmic entity. Besson started writing the story that became "The Fifth Element" when he was 16 years old; he was 38 when the film opened in cinemas.


Context: who played the girl in the fifth element

Context: Milla Jovovich

Question: what is the genre of this film?

Answer: French science fiction action film

Explanation: French science fiction action film

The Fifth Element [SEP] Introduction


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Question: when was it released?

Answer: 1997

The Fifth Element [SEP] Introduction


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Question: who directed it?

Answer: Luc Besson

Explanation: Luc Besson

The Fifth Element [SEP] Introduction


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Question: which type of effects were used in this film?

Answer: Pyrotechnical effects, creature' effects and visual effects

The Fifth Element [SEP] Effects

Three different teams handled the three different types of special effects used in the film. Nick Allder was placed in charge of mechanical and pyrotechnical effects, Nick Dudman was placed in charge of 'creature' effects and Mark Stetson headed the visual effects team. Visual effects company Digital Domain was hired, and Karen Goulekas was given the role of digital effects supervisor. Alias, Autodesk Softimage, Arete, Side Effect's Prisms, RenderMan, as well as in-house software, were used by Digital Domain to create effects. Some individual shots used a combination of live action, scale models, computer-generated imagery and particle systems. The lanes of traffic in the scenes in New York City were created with particle systems: Amongst the scale models used for filming were the buildings seen in New York City.


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: which type of effects were used in this film?

Context: Pyrotechnical effects, creature' effects and visual effects

Question: where is the above mentioned director from?

Answer: Paris

Explanation: Paris

Luc Besson [SEP] Early life

Besson was born in Paris, to parents who both worked as Club Med scuba-diving instructors. Influenced by this milieu, as a child Besson planned to become a marine biologist. He spent much of his youth travelling with his parents to tourist resorts in Italy, Yugoslavia and Greece. The family returned to France when Besson was 10. His parents promptly divorced and each remarried. "Here there is two families, and I am the only bad souvenir of something that doesn't work," he said in the "International Herald Tribune". "And if I disappear, then everything is perfect. The rage to exist comes from here.


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: where is the above mentioned director from?

Context: Paris

Question: what are some of his other notable films?

Answer: Le Grand Bleu, Arthur series, Arthur and the Invisibles etc

Explanation: Le Grand Bleu

Luc Besson [SEP] Work

Many of Besson's films have achieved popular, if not critical, success. One such release was "Le Grand Bleu". "When the film had its premiere on opening night at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival, it was mercilessly drubbed, but no matter; it was a smash," observed the "International Herald Tribune" in a 2007 profile of Besson. "Embraced by young people who kept returning to see it again, the movie sold 10 million tickets and quickly became what the French call a 'film générationnel,' a defining moment in the culture." Besson created the Arthur series, which comprises "Arthur and the Minimoys", "Arthur and the Forbidden City", "Arthur and the Vengeance of Maltazard" and "Arthur and the War of the Two Worlds".


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: Paris

Context: what are some of his other notable films?

Context: Le Grand Bleu, Arthur series, Arthur and the Invisibles etc

Question: was there any allegations over him?

Answer: Yes,  he was accused of rape by actress Sand Van Roy and other actresses who wished to remain anonymous.

Luc Besson [SEP] Rape allegations

In 2018, he was accused of rape by actress Sand Van Roy and other actresses who wished to remain anonymous. The director's lawyer Thierry Marembert stated that Besson "categorically denies these fantasist accusations" and that the accuser was "someone he knows, towards whom he has never behaved inappropriately". Five women have made similar statements against Besson, including a former assistant, two students of Cité du Cinéma studio, and a former employee of Besson's EuropaCorp.


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: Paris

Context: was there any allegations over him?

Context: Yes,  he was accused of rape by actress Sand Van Roy and other actresses who wished to remain anonymous.

Question: with reference to the film mentioned above, who composed the music for it?

Answer: Éric Serra

Explanation: Éric Serra

The Fifth Element [SEP] Soundtrack

"The Fifth Element" is one of Besson's films which have been described as "intrinsically musical"; some kind of music is playing during about 90% of the film. The score was composed by Éric Serra. He relies heavily on the use of orchestral textures, such as the oboe and strings heard as the surgeons prepare to regenerate Leeloo, and the pizzicato as she is reconstructed. Serra also used many exotic influences, such as the Stalinist fanfare heard before the spaceport sequence, the reggae piece played in preparation for the flight, and the hula music that greets the passengers as they arrive in Fhloston.


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: Paris

Context: was there any allegations over him?

Context: with reference to the film mentioned above, who composed the music for it?

Context: Éric Serra

Question: how much did the film make?

Answer: It grossed over $263 million.

Explanation: $263 million

The Fifth Element [SEP] Box office

The film debuted at number 1 in the US, earning $17 million on its opening weekend. It went on to become a box-office success, grossing over $263 million, almost three times its budget of $90 million. Seventy-six percent of the receipts for "The Fifth Element" were from markets outside the United States, and it was the ninth-highest-grossing film of the year worldwide. It was the most successful film at the box office in France in 1997, with more than 7.69 million seeing the film. In Germany, the film was awarded the Goldene Leinwand, a sales certification award for selling more than three million tickets at the box office.


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: Paris

Context: was there any allegations over him?

Context: Éric Serra

Context: how much did the film make?

Context: It grossed over $263 million.

Question: who are the main cast?

Answer: Bruce Willis, Gary Oldman and Milla Jovovich

Explanation: Bruce Willis, Gary Oldman and Milla Jovovich

The Fifth Element [SEP] Introduction


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: Paris

Context: was there any allegations over him?

Context: Éric Serra

Context: how much did the film make?

Context: It grossed over $263 million.

Context: who are the main cast?

Context: Bruce Willis, Gary Oldman and Milla Jovovich

Question: who is the third one?

Answer: She is an American actress, model, and musician.

Milla Jovovich [SEP] Introduction

Milica Bogdanovna Jovovich ( ; born December 17, 1975) is an American actress, model, and musician. Her starring roles in numerous science fiction and action films led the music channel VH1 to deem her the "reigning queen of kick-butt" in 2006. In 2004, "Forbes" determined that she was the highest-paid model in the world. Born in Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union, Jovovich emigrated with her parents to London when she was five, and then to Sacramento, California; she finally settled in Los Angeles seven months later. In 1987, at the age of 12, she began modeling when Herb Ritts photographed her for the cover of the Italian magazine "Lei".


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: Paris

Context: was there any allegations over him?

Context: Éric Serra

Context: how much did the film make?

Context: It grossed over $263 million.

Context: who are the main cast?

Context: who is the third one?

Context: She is an American actress, model, and musician.

Question: can you give some details about her music career?

Answer: She had begun working on a music album as early as 1988, when she was signed by SBK Records after the company heard a demo she recorded.

Milla Jovovich [SEP] Music

Jovovich had begun working on a music album as early as 1988, when she was signed by SBK Records after the company heard a demo she recorded. In August 1990, she asserted in an interview that the then-forthcoming album would be "a mix between Kate Bush, Sinéad O'Connor, This Mortal Coil, and the Cocteau Twins". After it was initially presented by SBK strictly as a pop album, Jovovich protested, insisting on using her personal poetry for lyrics and recording her own instrumental material. Jovovich had written the songs when she was fifteen, with the exception of a Ukrainian folk song, "In a Glade", that she covered.


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: Paris

Context: was there any allegations over him?

Context: Éric Serra

Context: how much did the film make?

Context: It grossed over $263 million.

Context: who are the main cast?

Context: who is the third one?

Context: can you give some details about her music career?

Context: She had begun working on a music album as early as 1988, when she was signed by SBK Records after the company heard a demo she recorded.

Question: how did she get international success?

Answer: She starred in the horror-action film "Resident Evil" which became commercially successful.

Milla Jovovich [SEP] International success (2002–2009)

In 2002, Jovovich starred in the horror-action film "Resident Evil", released in the United States on March 15, 2002 and based on the CAPCOM video game series of the same name. She portrayed Alice, the film's heroine, who fights a legion of zombies created by the Umbrella Corporation. Jovovich had accepted the role because she and her brother Marco had been fans of the video game franchise. Jovovich had performed all the stunts required in the film, except for a scene that would involve her jumping to a cement platform, which her management deemed too dangerous, and had trained in karate, kickboxing, and combat-training.


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: Paris

Context: was there any allegations over him?

Context: Éric Serra

Context: how much did the film make?

Context: It grossed over $263 million.

Context: who are the main cast?

Context: who is the third one?

Context: how did she get international success?

Context: She starred in the horror-action film "Resident Evil" which became commercially successful.

Question: what is this film about?

Answer: It is a Japanese horror media franchise.

Explanation: is a Japanese horror media franchise

Resident Evil [SEP] Introduction

Resident Evil, known in Japan as is a Japanese horror media franchise created by Shinji Mikami and Tokuro Fujiwara, and owned by the video game company Capcom. The franchise focuses on a series of video games and includes live-action films, animated films, comic books, novels, audio dramas, and merchandise. The story follows outbreaks of zombies and other monsters created mainly by the Umbrella Corporation. The franchise began with the game "Resident Evil", released in 1996 for the PlayStation, and is credited for defining the survival horror genre and returning zombies to popular culture. With "Resident Evil 4" (2005), the franchise shifted to more dynamic shooting action; it influenced the evolution of the survival horror and third-person genres, popularizing the "over-the-shoulder" third-person view.


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: Paris

Context: was there any allegations over him?

Context: Éric Serra

Context: how much did the film make?

Context: It grossed over $263 million.

Context: who are the main cast?

Context: who is the third one?

Context: how did she get international success?

Context: what is this film about?

Context: It is a Japanese horror media franchise.

Question: is there any game related to this film?

Answer: Yes, a video game by the same name.

Explanation: video game

Resident Evil [SEP] Introduction


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: Paris

Context: was there any allegations over him?

Context: Éric Serra

Context: how much did the film make?

Context: It grossed over $263 million.

Context: who are the main cast?

Context: who is the third one?

Context: how did she get international success?

Context: what is this film about?

Context: is there any game related to this film?

Context: Yes, a video game by the same name.

Question: which are some other movies of the above mentioned actress?

Answer: The Night Train to Kathmandu, Two Moon Junction, Return to the Blue Lagoon etc

Explanation: The Night Train to Kathmandu

Milla Jovovich [SEP] Introduction

Richard Avedon featured her in Revlon's "Most Unforgettable Women in the World" advertisements. In 1988, Jovovich made her screen debut in the television film "The Night Train to Kathmandu" and appeared in her first feature film, "Two Moon Junction". Jovovich gained attention for her role in the 1991 romance film "Return to the Blue Lagoon", as she was then only 15. She was considered to have a breakthrough with her role in the 1997 French science fiction action film "The Fifth Element", written and directed by Luc Besson. She and Besson married that year, but soon divorced. She starred as the heroine and martyr in Besson's "" (1999).


Context: Milla Jovovich

Context: what is the genre of this film?

Context: French science fiction action film

Context: when was it released?

Context: who directed it?

Context: Luc Besson

Context: Paris

Context: was there any allegations over him?

Context: Éric Serra

Context: how much did the film make?

Context: It grossed over $263 million.

Context: who are the main cast?

Context: who is the third one?

Context: how did she get international success?

Context: what is this film about?

Context: is there any game related to this film?

Context: Yes, a video game by the same name.

Context: which are some other movies of the above mentioned actress?

Context: The Night Train to Kathmandu, Two Moon Junction, Return to the Blue Lagoon etc

Question: who owned the above mentioned record label?

Answer: Universal Music Group

Explanation: Universal Music Group

SBK Records [SEP] Introduction

SBK Records was a record label, owned by Universal Music Group, that is currently part of the Capitol Music Group, where it is in hibernation. The label was founded in 1988 and during its time in activity existed as part of the EMI Group.


Question: who was mathew charles lamb?

Answer: A Canadian spree killer

Explanation: Mathew Charles "Matt" Lamb (5 January 1948 – 7 November 1976) was a Canadian spree killer who, in 1967, avoided Canada's then-mandatory death penalty for capital murder by being found not guilty by reason of insanity.

Mathew Charles Lamb [SEP] Introduction

With Barker's encouragement, Lamb joined the Rhodesian Army in late 1973 and fought for the unrecognised government of Rhodesia (modern-day Zimbabwe) for the rest of his life. He started his service in the Rhodesian Light Infantry, and won a place in the crack Special Air Service unit in 1975, but was granted a transfer back to his former regiment a year later. Soon after he was promoted to lance-corporal, Lamb was killed in action on 7 November 1976 by friendly fire from one of his allies. He received what "Newsweek" called "a hero's funeral" in the Rhodesian capital, Salisbury, before his ashes were returned to Windsor and buried by his relatives.


Context:
who was mathew charles lamb?
A Canadian spree killer

Question: in which court did his trial happened?

Answer: Essex County Courthouse in Windsor.

Mathew Charles Lamb [SEP] Trial

After a brief preliminary hearing starting on 8 October 1966, during which Lamb reportedly showed no signs of emotion, the young man's trial for capital murder began on 16 January 1967 at Essex County Courthouse in Windsor. Because of the charge's severity, the case was heard by a judge and jury under the auspices of Ontario's Supreme Court, which chose Justice Alexander Stark to preside. The trial started with Lamb pleading not guilty to the capital murder of Edith Chaykoski and Andrew Woloch; Nosanchuk then opened his mental disorder defence under Section 562 of the Canadian Criminal Code. Stark gave an order allowing all relevant psychiatric doctors to remain, then allowed the Crown to open its case against Lamb.


Context:
who was mathew charles lamb?
A Canadian spree killer
in which court did his trial happened?
Essex County Courthouse in Windsor.

Question: was he a part of any military?

Answer: Yes - in Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe)

Explanation: On his way to Australia in October 1973, Lamb stopped off in South Africa and Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe), where he cut his travels short to enlist in the Rhodesian Army. According to Barker, Lamb travelled to Africa with this intention all along. Rhodesia's unrecognised and predominantly white government was at that time fighting a war against communist-backed black nationalist guerrillas who were attempting to forcibly introduce majority rule. Like most of the foreign volunteers in the Rhodesian forces, Lamb mustered into the Rhodesian Light Infantry (RLI), an all-white heliborne commando battalion engaged largely in counter-insurgency operations. He and the other foreign soldiers received the same pay and conditions of service as the Rhodesians they served alongside.

Mathew Charles Lamb [SEP] Military career in Rhodesia


Context:
who was mathew charles lamb?
A Canadian spree killer
in which court did his trial happened?
Essex County Courthouse in Windsor.
was he a part of any military?
Yes - in Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe)

Question: when did the state get its independence?

Answer: 11 November 1965

Explanation: The decolonisation of Africa in the early 1960s alarmed a significant proportion of Rhodesia's white population. In an effort to delay the transition to black majority rule, Rhodesia's predominantly white government issued its own Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965. (The government of the United Kingdom supported Rhodesia's transition to a multiracial democracy.) The UDI administration initially sought recognition as an autonomous realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, but reconstituted itself as a republic in 1970. The Rhodesian Bush War, which pitted the government against two African nationalist organisations, ZANU and ZAPU, intensified in the 1970s, prompting Rhodesian premier Ian Smith to concede to multiracial democracy in 1978. However, a provisional government subsequently headed by Smith and his moderate colleague Abel Muzorewa failed to appease international critics or halt the bloodshed. By December 1979, Muzorewa had

Rhodesia [SEP] Introduction

Rhodesia (, ) was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the "de facto" successor state to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia, which had been self-governing since achieving responsible government in 1923. A landlocked nation, Rhodesia was bordered by South Africa to the south, Bechuanaland (later Botswana) to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique (a Portuguese province until 1975) to the east. In the late 19th century, the territory north of the Transvaal was chartered to the British South Africa Company, led by Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes and his Pioneer Column marched north in 1890, acquiring a huge block of territory that the company would rule until the early 1920s.


Context: who was mathew charles lamb?

Context: A Canadian spree killer

Context: in which court did his trial happened?

Context: Essex County Courthouse in Windsor.

Context: was he a part of any military?

Context: Yes - in Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe)

Context: when did the state get its independence?

Context: 11 November 1965

Question: what kind of flowers and plants you can find here?

Answer: hibiscus, flame lily, teak, mahogany, strangling fig

Explanation:
The country is mostly savannah, although the moist and mountainous eastern highlands support areas of tropical evergreen and hardwood forests. Trees found in these Eastern Highlands include teak, mahogany, enormous specimens of strangling fig, forest Newtonia, big leaf, white stinkwood, chirinda stinkwood, knobthorn and many others.

In the low-lying parts of the country fever trees, mopane, combretum and baobabs abound. Much of the country is covered by miombo woodland, dominated by brachystegia species and others. Among the numerous flowers and shrubs are hibiscus, flame lily, snake lily, spider lily, leonotus, cassia, tree wisteria and dombeya. There are around 350 species of mammals that can be found in Zimbabwe. There are also many snakes and lizards, over 500 bird species, and 131 fish species.

Zimbabwe [SEP] Flora and fauna


Context: who was mathew charles lamb?

Context: A Canadian spree killer

Context: in which court did his trial happened?

Context: Essex County Courthouse in Windsor.

Context: was he a part of any military?

Context: Yes - in Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe)

Context: 11 November 1965

Context: what kind of flowers and plants you can find here?

Context: hibiscus, flame lily, teak, mahogany, strangling fig

Question: in what other places can you find the fourth one?

Answer: Bahamas, parts of Florida

Mahogany [SEP] Distribution

The natural distribution of these species within the Americas is geographically distinct. "S. mahagoni" grows on the West Indian islands as far north as the Bahamas, the Florida Keys and parts of Florida; "S. humilis" grows in the dry regions of the Pacific coast of Central America from south-western Mexico to Costa Rica; "S. macrophylla" grows in Central America from Yucatan southwards and into South America, extending as far as Peru, Bolivia and extreme western Brazil. In the 20th century various botanists attempted to further define "S. macrophylla" in South America as a new species, such as "S. candollei" Pittier and "S.


Context: who was mathew charles lamb?

Context: A Canadian spree killer

Context: in which court did his trial happened?

Context: Essex County Courthouse in Windsor.

Context: was he a part of any military?

Context: Yes - in Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe)

Context: 11 November 1965

Context: in what other places can you find the fourth one?

Context: Bahamas, parts of Florida

Question: can you mention a few of its uses?

Answer: Furniture, boats, acoustic guitars, drum shells

Explanation:
Mahogany has a straight, fine, and even grain, and is relatively free of voids and pockets. Its reddish-brown color darkens over time, and displays a reddish sheen when polished. It has excellent workability, and is very durable. Historically, the tree's girth allowed for wide boards from traditional mahogany species. These properties make it a favorable wood for crafting cabinets and furniture.

Much of the first-quality furniture made in the American colonies from the mid 18th century was made of mahogany, when the wood first became available to American craftsmen. Mahogany is still widely used for fine furniture; however, the rarity of Cuban mahogany, the over-harvesting of Honduras and Brazilian mahogany, and the protests by indigenous peoples and environmental organizations from the 1980s into the 2000s, have diminished their use. Recent mahogany production from Mexico and Fiji has a lighter color and density than South American production from the early 20th century.

Mahogany al

Mahogany [SEP] Uses


Context: who was mathew charles lamb?

Context: A Canadian spree killer

Context: in which court did his trial happened?

Context: Essex County Courthouse in Windsor.

Context: was he a part of any military?

Context: Yes - in Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe)

Context: 11 November 1965

Context: Bahamas, parts of Florida

Context: can you mention a few of its uses?

Context: Furniture, boats, acoustic guitars, drum shells

Question: what species does it belong to?

Answer: tropical hardwood species

Explanation: Mahogany is a straight-grained, reddish-brown timber of three tropical hardwood species of the genus "Swietenia", indigenous to the Americas and part of the pantropical chinaberry family, Meliaceae.

Mahogany [SEP] Introduction


Context: who was mathew charles lamb?

Context: A Canadian spree killer

Context: in which court did his trial happened?

Context: Essex County Courthouse in Windsor.

Context: was he a part of any military?

Context: Yes - in Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe)

Context: 11 November 1965

Context: Bahamas, parts of Florida

Context: can you mention a few of its uses?

Context: what species does it belong to?

Context: tropical hardwood species

Question: is this species used in cooking?

Answer: It is used as cooking fires, and smoking meat as they tend to burn hotter and longer than softwoods

Explanation: There is a correlation between density and calories/volume. This makes the denser hardwoods like oak, cherry, and apple more suited for camp fires, cooking fires, and smoking meat, as they tend to burn hotter and longer than softwoods like pine or cedar whose low-density construction and highly-flammable sap make them burn quickly and without producing quite as much heat.

Hardwood [SEP] Cooking


Context: who was mathew charles lamb?

Context: A Canadian spree killer

Context: in which court did his trial happened?

Context: Essex County Courthouse in Windsor.

Context: was he a part of any military?

Context: Yes - in Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe)

Context: 11 November 1965

Context: Bahamas, parts of Florida

Context: can you mention a few of its uses?

Context: what species does it belong to?

Context: tropical hardwood species

Context: is this species used in cooking?

Context: It is used as cooking fires, and smoking meat as they tend to burn hotter and longer than softwoods

Question: what are some of its application?

Answer: fuel, tools, construction, boat building, furniture making, musical instruments, flooring, cooking, barrels, manufacture of charcoal.

Hardwood [SEP] Applications

Hardwoods are employed in a large range of applications, including fuel, tools, construction, boat building, furniture making, musical instruments, flooring, cooking, barrels, and manufacture of charcoal. Solid hardwood joinery tends to be expensive compared to softwood. In the past, tropical hardwoods were easily available, but the supply of some species, such as Burma teak and mahogany, is now becoming scarce due to over-exploitation. Cheaper "hardwood" doors, for instance, now consist of a thin veneer bonded to a core of softwood, plywood or medium-density fibreboard (MDF). Hardwoods may be used in a variety of objects, but are most frequently seen in furniture or musical instruments because of their density which adds to durability, appearance, and performance.


Question: what is considered the first great work of greek literature

Answer: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Explanation: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey",

Ancient Greek literature [SEP] Introduction

Ancient Greek literature is literature written in the Ancient Greek language from the earliest texts until the time of the Byzantine Empire. The earliest surviving works of ancient Greek literature, dating back to the early Archaic period, are the two epic poems "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey", set in an idealized archaic past today identified as having some relation to the Mycenaean era. These two epics, along with the Homeric Hymns and the two poems of Hesiod, "Theogony" and "Works and Days", comprised the major foundations of the Greek literary tradition that would continue into the Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman periods.


Context: what is considered the first great work of greek literature

Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Question: who is written this literature?

Answer: Homer

Explanation: with the Homeric Hymns a


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Question: any philosophers associated with the greek literature?

Answer: Epictetus was associated with the moral philosophy of the Stoics.

Ancient Greek literature [SEP] Philosophy

Epictetus ( 55 AD – 135 AD) was associated with the moral philosophy of the Stoics. His teachings were collected by his pupil Arrian in the "Discourses" and the "Encheiridion" (Manual of Study). Diogenes Laërtius, who lived in the third century AD, wrote "Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers", a voluminous collection of biographies of nearly every Greek philosopher who ever lived. Unfortunately, Diogenes Laërtius often fails to cite his sources and many modern historians consider his testimony unreliable. Nonetheless, in spite of this, he remains the only available source on the lives of many early Greek philosophers. His book is not entirely without merit; it does preserve a tremendous wealth of information that otherwise would not have been preserved.


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: any philosophers associated with the greek literature?

Context: Epictetus was associated with the moral philosophy of the Stoics.

Question: who is he?

Answer: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Explanation: was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Epictetus [SEP] Introduction

Epictetus (; , "Epíktētos"; 50 135 AD) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was born a slave at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present day Pamukkale, Turkey) and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece for the rest of his life. His teachings were written down and published by his pupil Arrian in his "Discourses" and "Enchiridion". Epictetus taught that philosophy is a way of life and not just a theoretical discipline. To Epictetus, all external events are beyond our control; we should accept calmly and dispassionately whatever happens. However, individuals are responsible for their own actions, which they can examine and control through rigorous self-discipline.


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Question: where was he from?

Answer: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Explanation: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Epictetus [SEP] Introduction


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Question: how is he associated with drama?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Epictetus [SEP] Introduction


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Context: how is he associated with drama?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is he related to study of mind?

Answer: Yes, psychologists consider him as the founding member of psychotherapy

Epictetus [SEP] Psychology

Psychologist Albert Ellis, the founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, credited Epictetus with providing a foundation for his system of psychotherapy.


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Context: how is he associated with drama?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is he related to study of mind?

Context: Yes, psychologists consider him as the founding member of psychotherapy

Question: what is this therapy about?

Answer: It is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction with adults, to help a person change behavior and overcome problems in desired ways

Psychotherapy [SEP] Introduction

Psychotherapy (also psychological therapy or talking therapy) is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction with adults, to help a person change behavior and overcome problems in desired ways. Psychotherapy aims to improve an individual's well-being and mental health, to resolve or mitigate troublesome behaviors, beliefs, compulsions, thoughts, or emotions, and to improve relationships and social skills. There is also a range of psychotherapies designed for children and adolescents, which typically involve play, such as sandplay. Certain psychotherapies are considered evidence-based for treating some diagnosed mental disorders. Others have been criticized as pseudoscience. There are over a thousand different psychotherapy techniques, some being minor variations, while others are based on very different conceptions of psychology, ethics (how to behave professionally), or techniques.


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Context: how is he associated with drama?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is he related to study of mind?

Context: what is this therapy about?

Context: It is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction with adults, to help a person change behavior and overcome problems in desired ways

Question: how is it related to kids?

Answer: It needs to be adapted to meet the developmental needs of children. Depending on age, it is generally held to be one part of an effective strategy to help the needs of a child within the family setting.

Psychotherapy [SEP] Child

Psychotherapy needs to be adapted to meet the developmental needs of children. Depending on age, it is generally held to be one part of an effective strategy to help the needs of a child within the family setting. Child psychotherapy training programs necessarily include courses in human development. Since children often do not have the ability to articulate thoughts and feelings, psychotherapists will use a variety of media such as musical instruments, sand and toys, crayons, paint, clay, puppets, bibliocounseling (books), or board games. The use of play therapy is often rooted in psychodynamic theory, but other approaches also exist.


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Context: how is he associated with drama?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is he related to study of mind?

Context: what is this therapy about?

Context: how is it related to kids?

Context: It needs to be adapted to meet the developmental needs of children. Depending on age, it is generally held to be one part of an effective strategy to help the needs of a child within the family setting.

Question: who founded it?

Answer: Sigmund Freud

Explanation: Sigmund Freud

Psychotherapy [SEP] History

Sigmund Freud visited the Nancy School and his early neurological practice involved the use of hypnotism. However following the work of his mentor Josef Breuer—in particular a case where symptoms appeared partially resolved by what the patient, Bertha Pappenheim, dubbed a "talking cure"—Freud began focusing on conditions that appeared to have psychological causes originating in childhood experiences and the unconscious mind. He went on to develop techniques such as free association, dream interpretation, transference and analysis of the id, ego and superego. His popular reputation as the father of psychotherapy was established by his use of the distinct term "psychoanalysis", tied to an overarching system of theories and methods, and by the effective work of his followers in rewriting history.


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Context: how is he associated with drama?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is he related to study of mind?

Context: what is this therapy about?

Context: how is it related to kids?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Sigmund Freud

Question: who is he?

Answer: An Austrian neurologist

Sigmund Freud [SEP] Introduction

Sigmund Freud ( ; ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna. Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886.


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Context: how is he associated with drama?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is he related to study of mind?

Context: what is this therapy about?

Context: how is it related to kids?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Sigmund Freud

Context: who is he?

Context: An Austrian neurologist

Question: name few who were treated by him?

Answer: Cäcilie M. (Anna von Lieben); Dora (Ida Bauer); Frau Emmy von N. (Fanny Moser); Fräulein Elisabeth von R. (Ilona Weiss); Fräulein Katharina (Aurelia Kronich); Fräulein Lucy R.; (Herbert Graf); Rat Man (Ernst Lanzer); Enos Fingy

Sigmund Freud [SEP] Patients

Freud used pseudonyms in his case histories. Some patients known by pseudonyms were Cäcilie M. (Anna von Lieben); Dora (Ida Bauer, 1882–1945); Frau Emmy von N. (Fanny Moser); Fräulein Elisabeth von R. (Ilona Weiss); Fräulein Katharina (Aurelia Kronich); Fräulein Lucy R.; (Herbert Graf, 1903–1973); Rat Man (Ernst Lanzer, 1878–1914); Enos Fingy (Joshua Wild, 1878–1920); and Wolf Man (Sergei Pankejeff, 1887–1979). Other famous patients included Prince Pedro Augusto of Brazil (1866–1934); H.D. (1886–1961); Emma Eckstein (1865–1924); Gustav Mahler (1860–1911), with whom Freud had only a single, extended consultation; Princess Marie Bonaparte; Edith Banfield Jackson (1895–1977); and Albert Hirst (1887–1974).


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Context: how is he associated with drama?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is he related to study of mind?

Context: what is this therapy about?

Context: how is it related to kids?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Sigmund Freud

Context: who is he?

Context: An Austrian neurologist

Context: name few who were treated by him?

Context: Cäcilie M. (Anna von Lieben); Dora (Ida Bauer); Frau Emmy von N. (Fanny Moser); Fräulein Elisabeth von R. (Ilona Weiss); Fräulein Katharina (Aurelia Kronich); Fräulein Lucy R.; (Herbert Graf); Rat Man (Ernst Lanzer); Enos Fingy

Question: who is the first ?

Answer: It is the pseudonym of one of Freud's first patients, whom he called his “principal client” and later his “instructress”.

Cäcilie M. [SEP] Introduction

Cäcilie M. (Anna von Lieben, born Anna von Tedesco; 1847–1900) is the pseudonym of one of Freud's first patients, whom he called in 1890 his “principal client” and in 1897 his “instructress”.


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Context: how is he associated with drama?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is he related to study of mind?

Context: what is this therapy about?

Context: how is it related to kids?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Sigmund Freud

Context: who is he?

Context: An Austrian neurologist

Context: name few who were treated by him?

Context: who is the first ?

Context: It is the pseudonym of one of Freud's first patients, whom he called his “principal client” and later his “instructress”.

Question: where was she from?

Answer: Austria

Explanation: Born into a rich Austrian Jewish family

Cäcilie M. [SEP] Life

Born into a rich Austrian Jewish family, Anna von Lieben was referred to Freud in the late eighties for help with a long-standing series of nervous disorders. After referring her for a consultation with Charcot, Freud treated her (with some short-term success) through hypnotism, taking her with him to see Hippolyte Bernheim in 1889 in the (unsuccessful) hope that he might be able to work a permanent cure. He also used abreaction for temporary relief of her symptoms, noting however that her sense of guilt and self-reproaches would swiftly return after the treatment sessions. Her symptoms, including hallucinations and physical spasms, provided the basis for many of Freud's claims about conversion hysteria; and how to interpret back from physical symptom or hallucination to the underlying (symbolic) emotional meaning it expressed, often by a 'punning' logic.


Context: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Context: who is written this literature?

Context: Homer

Context: who is he?

Context: He was a Greek Stoic philosopher

Context: where was he from?

Context: Hierapolis, Phrygia

Context: how is he associated with drama?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is he related to study of mind?

Context: what is this therapy about?

Context: how is it related to kids?

Context: who founded it?

Context: Sigmund Freud

Context: who is he?

Context: An Austrian neurologist

Context: name few who were treated by him?

Context: who is the first ?

Context: where was she from?

Context: Austria

Question: who is the eighth ?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Cäcilie M. [SEP] Life


Question: where did they film last of the summer wine

Answer: Burnlee Working Men's Club, West Yorkshire town of Holmfirth and BBC Television Centre in London

Explanation:
at Burnlee Working Men's Club, a club in the small West Yorkshire town of Holmfirth, and Took saw Holmfirth's potential as the backdrop of a television show. Twenty years later, he returned to Holmfirth, where he filmed an episode of the BBC documentary series "Having a Lovely Time", which turned out to be the highest rated episode of the show. When Took heard that James Gilbert and Roy Clarke were looking for a place with a centre surrounded by hills for their new television programme, he suggested the idea to Duncan Wood, who was at that time filming "Comedy Playhouse". Gilbert and Clarke then travelled to Holmfirth and decided to use it as the setting for the pilot episode.

Though the exterior shots were always filmed on location in Holmfirth and the surrounding countryside, the interior shots were, until the early 1990s, filmed in front of a live studio audience at BBC Television Centre in London

Last of the Summer Wine [SEP] Filming

The site for the exterior shots of "Last of the Summer Wine" was, in part, suggested by television producer Barry Took, who was familiar with the area. Took had, in the 1950s, toured as a stand-up comic, often appearing at working men's clubs. One such appearance was at Burnlee Working Men's Club, a club in the small West Yorkshire town of Holmfirth, and Took saw Holmfirth's potential as the backdrop of a television show. Twenty years later, he returned to Holmfirth, where he filmed an episode of the BBC documentary series "Having a Lovely Time", which turned out to be the highest rated episode of the show.


Context: where did they film last of the summer wine

Context: Burnlee Working Men's Club, West Yorkshire town of Holmfirth and BBC Television Centre in London

Question: is this a movie or television series?

Answer: Television series

Last of the Summer Wine [SEP] Introduction

Last of the Summer Wine is a British sitcom created and written by Roy Clarke and originally broadcast by the BBC from 1973 to 2010. It premiered as an episode of "Comedy Playhouse" on 4 January 1973, and the first series of episodes followed on 12 November 1973. From 1983 to 2010, Alan J. W. Bell produced and directed all episodes of the show. The BBC confirmed on 2 June 2010 that "Last of the Summer Wine" would no longer be produced and the 31st series would be its last. Subsequently, the final episode was broadcast on 29 August 2010.


Context: is this a movie or television series?

Context: Television series

Question: who is the producer of this series?

Answer: Alan J. W. Bell

Explanation: From 1983 to 2010, Alan J. W. Bell produced and directed all episodes of the show


Context: is this a movie or television series?

Context: Television series

Context: who is the producer of this series?

Context: Alan J. W. Bell

Question: when did it premier?

Answer: 4 January 1973

Explanation: It premiered as an episode of "Comedy Playhouse" on 4 January 1973


Context: is this a movie or television series?

Context: Television series

Context: who is the producer of this series?

Context: Alan J. W. Bell

Context: when did it premier?

Context: 4 January 1973

Question: and on which channel did it air?

Answer: BBC

Explanation: Last of the Summer Wine is a British sitcom created and written by Roy Clarke and originally broadcast by the BBC from 1973 to 2010.


Context: is this a movie or television series?

Context: Television series

Context: who is the producer of this series?

Context: Alan J. W. Bell

Context: when did it premier?

Context: 4 January 1973

Context: and on which channel did it air?

Context: BBC

Question: what is the full form of this channel?

Answer: British Broadcasting Corporation

BBC [SEP] Introduction

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster, headquartered at Broadcasting House in Westminster, London. It is the world's oldest national broadcaster, and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, employing over 22,000 staff in total, of whom more than 16,000 are in public sector broadcasting. The total number of BBC staff amounts to 35,402 including part-time, flexible, and fixed-contract staff. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households, companies, and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts and iPlayer catch-up.


Context: is this a movie or television series?

Context: Television series

Context: who is the producer of this series?

Context: Alan J. W. Bell

Context: when did it premier?

Context: 4 January 1973

Context: and on which channel did it air?

Context: BBC

Context: what is the full form of this channel?

Context: British Broadcasting Corporation

Question: is it a private or a public corporation?

Answer: Public service broadcaster

Explanation: The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster,

BBC [SEP] Introduction


Context: is this a movie or television series?

Context: Television series

Context: who is the producer of this series?

Context: Alan J. W. Bell

Context: when did it premier?

Context: 4 January 1973

Context: and on which channel did it air?

Context: BBC

Context: what is the full form of this channel?

Context: British Broadcasting Corporation

Context: is it a private or a public corporation?

Context: Public service broadcaster

Question: who does their board consist of?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

BBC [SEP] Introduction


Context: is this a movie or television series?

Context: Television series

Context: who is the producer of this series?

Context: Alan J. W. Bell

Context: when did it premier?

Context: 4 January 1973

Context: and on which channel did it air?

Context: BBC

Context: what is the full form of this channel?

Context: British Broadcasting Corporation

Context: Public service broadcaster

Context: who does their board consist of?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did they also have a music channel?

Answer: No

BBC [SEP] Television

The BBC operates several television channels in the UK. BBC One and BBC Two are the flagship television channels; others are BBC Four, BBC News, BBC Parliament, and two children's channels, CBBC and CBeebies. Digital television is now entrenched in the UK, with analogue transmission completely phased out . It also operates the internet television service BBC Three, which ceased broadcasting as a linear television channel in February 2016. BBC One is a regionalised TV service which provides opt-outs throughout the day for local news and other local programming. These variations are more pronounced in the BBC "Nations", i.e. Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, where the presentation is mostly carried out locally on BBC One and Two, and where programme schedules can vary greatly from that of the network.


Context: is this a movie or television series?

Context: Television series

Context: who is the producer of this series?

Context: Alan J. W. Bell

Context: when did it premier?

Context: 4 January 1973

Context: and on which channel did it air?

Context: BBC

Context: what is the full form of this channel?

Context: British Broadcasting Corporation

Context: Public service broadcaster

Context: who does their board consist of?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did they also have a music channel?

Context: No

Question: how is britbox related to this channel?

Answer: he online platform shows a catalogue of classic BBC and ITV shows, as well as making a number of programmes available shortly after their UK broadcast

BBC [SEP] BritBox

In 2016, the BBC, in partnership with fellow UK Broadcasters ITV and Channel 4 (who later withdrew from the project), set up 'project kangaroo' to develop an international online streaming service to rival services such as Netflix and Hulu. During the development stages 'Britflix' was touted as a potential name. However, the service eventually launched as BritBox in March 2017. The online platform shows a catalogue of classic BBC and ITV shows, as well as making a number of programmes available shortly after their UK broadcast. , BritBox is available in the United States and Canada with the potential availability for new markets in the future, including the UK by late 2019.


Question: how does lexus ensure the high quality of every lexus vehicle

Answer: By placing an emphasis on targeting specific vehicle development standards.

Lexus [SEP] Design and technology

Lexus design has traditionally placed an emphasis on targeting specific vehicle development standards. Since the marque's inception, design targets have ranged from aerodynamics and ride quality to interior ergonomics. The backronym "IDEAL" ("Impressive, Dynamic, Elegant, Advanced, and Lasting") is used in the development process. Each vehicle is designed according to approximately 500 specific product standards, known as "Lexus Musts," on criteria such as leather seat stitching. Design elements from the marque's concept vehicle line, the LF series (including the 2003 LF-S and 2004 LF-C), have been incorporated in production models. Vehicle cabins have incorporated electroluminescent Optitron gauges, SmartAccess, a smart key entry and startup system, and multimedia features.


Context: how does lexus ensure the high quality of every lexus vehicle

Context: By placing an emphasis on targeting specific vehicle development standards.

Question: where do they manufacture their vehicles?

Answer: Most of them are produced in Japan at the Tahara plant in Aichi and Miyata plant in Fukuoka. Recently they have started plants in Ontario, Canada, Georgetown, US, and Bidadi, India.

Explanation: Through the 2000s (decade), most Lexus sedan and SUV production has occurred in Japan at the Tahara plant in Aichi and Miyata plant in Fukuoka. In addition to the Tahara factory, Lexus vehicles have been produced at the Miyata plant (Toyota Motor Kyushu, Inc.) in Miyawaka, Fukuoka, Higashi Fuji plant (Kanto Auto Works, Ltd.) in Susono, Shizuoka, and Sanage plant (Toyota Boshoku Corp.; Araco) in Toyota City, Aichi. Front-wheel drive cars, such as the ES and HS, are produced in the Fukuoka Prefecture. The Kokura plant in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, which opened in 2008, is a dedicated hybrid production site for Lexus models such as the gasoline-electric RX. The North American–market RX 350 (since the 2004 model year) is produced at the Cambridge plant (Toyota Canada, Inc.) in the city of Cambridge, in Ontario, Canada, which is the first Lexus production site located outside Japan. In late 2015, Lexus started to assemble North American-spec ES 350 sedans at the Georgetown plant (TMMK, Inc.). In

Lexus [SEP] Assembly plants

The first Lexus vehicles were manufactured in Toyota's Tahara plant, a highly sophisticated, computerized manufacturing plant in Japan. Lexus production techniques include methods and standards of quality control that differ from Toyota models. At the Tahara plant, separate assembly lines were developed for Lexus vehicles, along with new molds and specialized manufacturing equipment. Welding processes, body panel fit tolerances, and paint quality requirements are more stringent. Lexus plant workers, typically veteran technicians, are identified via repeated performance evaluations and ranked according to skill grade, with limited applicants accepted. The highest level "takumi" (Japanese for "artisan") engineers are responsible for maintaining production standards at key points in the assembly process, such as testing engine performance.


Context: where do they manufacture their vehicles?

Context: Most of them are produced in Japan at the Tahara plant in Aichi and Miyata plant in Fukuoka. Recently they have started plants in Ontario, Canada, Georgetown, US, and Bidadi, India.

Question: what are the names of some of the former or current employees who work in this company?

Answer: Tokuo Fukuichi, Mark Templin, David Christ and Alain Uyttenhoven to name some of them.

Explanation:
Lexus International, headed by managing officer Tokuo Fukuichi, coordinates the worldwide operations of Toyota's luxury division. Other executives at Lexus' global headquarters, located in Nagoya, Aichi, include Mark Templin, executive vice president of Lexus International, and managers of the marque's Japan Sales and Marketing and global Product and Marketing Planning divisions. While organizationally separate from its parent company, Lexus International reports directly to Toyota chief executive officer Akio Toyoda.

In the U.S., Lexus operations are headed by David Christ, group vice president and general manager of the U.S. Lexus division, located in Plano, Texas. In Europe, Lexus operations are headed by Alain Uyttenhoven, vice president of Lexus Europe, located in Brussels. Companion design facilities are located in Southern California and central Japan, with the head design studio devoted entirely to Lexus models in Toyota City, Aichi.

Lexus [SEP] Operations


Context: what are the names of some of the former or current employees who work in this company?

Context: Tokuo Fukuichi, Mark Templin, David Christ and Alain Uyttenhoven to name some of them.

Question: how are their vehicle models named?

Answer: Lexus production models are named alphanumerically using two-letter designations followed by three digits.

Lexus [SEP] Model nomenclature

Lexus production models are named alphanumerically using two-letter designations followed by three digits. The first letter indicates relative status in the Lexus model range (ranking), and the second letter refers to car body style or type (e.g. LS for 'luxury sedan'). The three digits indicate engine displacement in liters multiplied by a factor of one hundred (e.g. 350 for a 3.5 L engine). A space is used between the letters and numbers. The same letter may be used differently depending on the model; 'S' can refer to 'sedan' or 'sport' (e.g. in LS and SC), while 'X' refers to 'luxury utility vehicle' or SUV.


Context: how are their vehicle models named?

Context: Lexus production models are named alphanumerically using two-letter designations followed by three digits.

Question: what are some of their models using these rules to name their vehicles?

Answer: IS 300, SC 430, GX 470, RX 400h to name a few.

Lexus [SEP] 2000s: Global reorganization

In July 2000, Lexus introduced the IS 300 in North America, following global launch in 1999 (as the IS 200) and the third generation LS 430. In 2001, the first convertible was introduced, as well as the SC 430 and a redesigned ES 300. The GX 470 mid-size SUV debuted in 2002, followed by the second generation RX 330 in 2003. The following year, Lexus recorded its 2 millionth U.S. vehicle sale, and the first luxury-branded production hybrid SUV, the RX 400h. This vehicle used Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive system that combined gasoline and electric motors. In 2005, Lexus completed an organizational separation from parent company Toyota, with dedicated design, engineering, training, and manufacturing centers working exclusively for the division.


Context: how are their vehicle models named?

Context: what are some of their models using these rules to name their vehicles?

Context: IS 300, SC 430, GX 470, RX 400h to name a few.

Question: mention a few special features of this vehicle brand in general.

Answer: Vehicle cabins have incorporated electroluminescent Optitron gauges, SmartAccess, a smart key entry and startup system, and multimedia features. Some of the models also feature the Remote Touch system, ceiling air diffusers and infrared body temperature sensors.

Explanation:
Vehicle cabins have incorporated electroluminescent Optitron gauges, SmartAccess, a smart key entry and startup system, and multimedia features. Beginning with the 2010 RX and HS models, the Remote Touch system, featuring a computer mouse-like controller with haptic feedback, was introduced; other models have featured touchscreen controls (through the 2009 model year) as a navigation screen interface. 2014 saw the introduction of the next version of Lexus’ remote-touch innovations—the Remote Touch Interface Touchpad in the new RC Coupe.

In 1989, Lexus became among the first premium car marques to equip models with premium audio systems, in partnership with stereo firm Nakamichi. Since 2001, optional surround sound systems are offered via high-end audio purveyor Mark Levinson. For reduced cabin noise, the first LS 400 introduced sandwich steel plating, and later models added acoustic glass. In 2006, the LS 460 debuted the first ceiling air diffusers and infrared body temperature sensor

Lexus [SEP] Design and technology


Context: how are their vehicle models named?

Context: mention a few special features of this vehicle brand in general.

Context: Vehicle cabins have incorporated electroluminescent Optitron gauges, SmartAccess, a smart key entry and startup system, and multimedia features. Some of the models also feature the Remote Touch system, ceiling air diffusers and infrared body temperature sensors.

Question: have they come up with any hybrid vehicles which release fewer carbon emissions?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE

Lexus [SEP] Design and technology


Context: how are their vehicle models named?

Context: have they come up with any hybrid vehicles which release fewer carbon emissions?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was this company established?

Answer: 1989

Lexus [SEP] Introduction

Created at around the same time as Japanese rivals Honda and Nissan created their Acura and Infiniti luxury divisions respectively, Lexus originated from a corporate project to develop a new premium sedan, code-named F1, which began in 1983 and culminated in the launch of the Lexus LS in 1989. Subsequently, the division added sedan, coupé, convertible and SUV models. Lexus did not exist as a brand in its home market until 2005, and all vehicles marketed internationally as Lexus from 1989 to 2005 were released in Japan under the Toyota marque and an equivalent model name. In 2005, a hybrid version of the RX crossover debuted and additional hybrid models later joined the division's lineup.


Context: how are their vehicle models named?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company established?

Question: who established it?

Answer: Eiji Toyoda

Explanation: In 1983, Toyota chairman Eiji Toyoda issued a challenge to build the world's best car. The project, code-named F1 (“Flagship One”) developed the Lexus LS 400 to expand Toyota's product line in the premium segment. The F1 project followed the Toyota Supra sports car and the premium Toyota Mark II models. Both the Supra and Mark II were rear-wheel drive cars with a powerful 7M-GE or 7M-GTE inline-six engine. The largest sedan Toyota built at the time was the limited-production, 1960s-vintage Toyota Century, a domestic, hand-built limousine, and V8-powered model, followed by the inline-six-engined Toyota Crown premium sedan. The Century was conservatively styled for the Japanese market and along with the Crown not slated for export after a restyle in 1982. The F1 designers targeted their new sedan at international markets and began development on a new V8 engine.

Lexus [SEP] 1980s: The F1 project

The Lexus brand was created around the same time as Japanese rivals Nissan and Honda developed their Infiniti and Acura premium brands. The Japanese government imposed voluntary export restraints for the U.S. market, so it was more profitable for Japanese automakers to export more expensive cars to the U.S. In 1983, Toyota chairman Eiji Toyoda issued a challenge to build the world's best car. The project, code-named F1 (“Flagship One”) developed the Lexus LS 400 to expand Toyota's product line in the premium segment. The F1 project followed the Toyota Supra sports car and the premium Toyota Mark II models.


Context: how are their vehicle models named?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was this company established?

Context: who established it?

Context: Eiji Toyoda

Question: how does this company market their vehicles?

Answer: They advertise to luxury consumers using specific marketing strategies, with a consistent motif used for the marque's advertisements.

Explanation: From its inception, Lexus has been advertised to luxury consumers using specific marketing strategies, with a consistent motif used for the marque's advertisements. Beginning in 1989, television ads were narrated by actor James Sloyan (the voice of "Mr. Lexus" until 2009), and accompanied by vehicles that performed unusual stunts onscreen. The first decade of Lexus commercials (1989–99) consisted primarily of disjunctive verbal descriptions, such as "relentless," "pursuit," and "perfection," while vehicles were used to claim superiority in precision, idling, and interior quiet and comfort on camera. Examples included the champagne glass "Balance" (1989) and rolling "Ball Bearing" (1992). In the 2000s (decade), commercials included descriptions of features, or a narration of the events onscreen, and were often targeted at the marque's German competitors.

Lexus [SEP] Marketing


Question: when did the u.s.s.r launch the first satellite to orbit the world

Answer: 4 October 1957

Sputnik 1 [SEP] Introduction

Sputnik 1 (; "Satellite-1", or "PS-1", Простейший Спутник-1 or "Prosteyshiy Sputnik-1", "Elementary Satellite 1") was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957. It orbited for three weeks before its batteries died and then orbited silently for two months before it fell back into the atmosphere. It was a polished metal sphere 58 cm (23 in) in diameter with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. Its radio signal was easily detectable by radio amateurs, and the 65° inclination and duration of its orbit made its flight path cover virtually the entire inhabited Earth.


Context: when did the u.s.s.r launch the first satellite to orbit the world

Context: 4 October 1957

Question: who was the chief constructor of it?

Answer: Sergei Korolev

Sputnik 1 [SEP] Satellite construction project

On 17 December 1954, chief Soviet rocket scientist Sergei Korolev proposed a developmental plan for an artificial satellite to the Minister of the Defence Industry, Dimitri Ustinov. Korolev forwarded a report by Mikhail Tikhonravov, with an overview of similar projects abroad. Tikhonravov had emphasized that the launch of an orbital satellite was an inevitable stage in the development of rocket technology. On 29 July 1955, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower announced through his press secretary that, during the International Geophysical Year (IGY), the United States would launch an artificial satellite. Four days later, Leonid I. Sedov, a leading Soviet physicist, announced that they too would launch an artificial satellite.


Context: 4 October 1957

Context: who was the chief constructor of it?

Context: Sergei Korolev

Question: what was its mission?

Answer: After engine cut-off, PS-1 separated from the second stage and the satellite's transmitter was activated. These signals were detected at the IP-1 station by Junior Engineer-Lieutenant V.G. Borisov, where reception of Sputnik 1's "beep-beep-beep" tones confirmed the satellite's successful deployment. Reception lasted for two minutes, until PS-1 fell below the horizon.

Explanation: At 19.9 seconds after engine cut-off, PS-1 separated from the second stage and the satellite's transmitter was activated. These signals were detected at the IP-1 station by Junior Engineer-Lieutenant V.G. Borisov, where reception of Sputnik 1's "beep-beep-beep" tones confirmed the satellite's successful deployment. Reception lasted for two minutes, until PS-1 fell below the horizon. The Tral telemetry system on the R-7 core stage continued to transmit and was detected on its second orbit.

Sputnik 1 [SEP] Launch and mission

This resulted in an initial orbit of by , with an apogee approximately lower than intended, and an inclination of 65.1 degrees and a period of 96.2 minutes. A fuel regulator in the booster also failed around 16 seconds into launch, which resulted in excessive RP-1 consumption for most of the powered flight and the engine thrust being 4% above nominal. Core stage cutoff was intended for T+296 seconds, but the premature propellant depletion caused thrust termination to occur one second earlier when a sensor detected overspeed of the empty RP-1 turbopump. There were of LOX remaining at cutoff. At 19.9 seconds after engine cut-off, PS-1 separated from the second stage and the satellite's transmitter was activated.