definiens: shall mean proceeds actually recei ved from sales of a PRODUCT ( calculated on a PRODUCT by PRODUCT basis ) by PPI, HGS, or SB as the case may be, or, except as provided below in th is definition, by their respective AFFILIATES, licensees ( or sublicensees ) of such entities or such AFFILIATES, distributors trading on their respectiv e accounts, joint ventures or other associated companies, less deduct ions for ( i ) transportation, shipping and postage charges, inclu ding transportation insurance and customs duties to the extent separate ly invoiced ; ( ii ) sales and excise taxes and duties paid or allowed by a se lling party and any other governmental charges imposed upon the product ion, importation, use or sale of such PRODUCT ( including value added taxes o r other governmental charges otherwise measured by the billing amount wh en included in billing ) ; ( iii ) normal and customary trade, quantity and cash discounts allowed and charge back payments and rebates granted to managed health care organizations or to federal, state and local govern ments, their agencies and purchasers and reimbursees, including but not l imited to Medicaid rebates or to trade customers, including but not li mited to wholesalers, chain and pharmacy buying groups ; ( iv ) rebates ( or equivalents thereof ) 6 granted to or charged by national, state or local g overnment authorities in countries other than the United States ; and ( v ) all owances or credits to customers on account of rejection or return of such PRODUCT or on account of retroactive price reductions affecting such PROD UCT . Sales between or among PPI, its AFFILIATES, licensees ( or sublicense es ) of PPI or such AFFILIATES, distributors trading on such entities ' respective accounts, joint ventures or other associated companies, sales between or among HGS, its AFFILIATES, licensees ( or sublicensees ) of HGS or such AFFILIATES, distributors trading on such entities ' respective a ccount, joint ventures or other associated companies, and sales between or among SB, its AFFILIATES, licensees ( or sublicensees ) of SB or su ch AFFILIATES, distributors trading on such entities ' respective a ccounts, joint ventures or other associated companies, as applicable, shall be included within NET SALES only if such purchaser is an end - user of the PRODUCT . Otherwise, NET SALES shall only include the subsequent, final sale s to THIRD PARTIES