definiens: shall mean, in the case of Produ cts that are sold or licensed, the invoice price to the end user of Products less any ( i ) shipping, postage, fr eight, and insurance costs, ( ii ) allowances, rebate s, credits and refunds for returned or defective Products, ( iii ) a llowances, rebates, credits, discounts and refunds for normal trade and quantity concessions, ( iv ) sales taxes, a nd other taxes or duties related to product sales ( excluding income taxes ), ( v ) chargeback payments and rebates ( or the equivalent thereof ) granted to managed heal th care organizations, wholesalers, or to federal, state / pr ovincial, local and other governments, including th eir agencies, purchasers, and/or reimbursers, or to trade custome rs, and ( vi ) any import or export duties, tariffs, or similar charges incurred with respect to the import or expo rt of Products and/or currency ( to make royalty pay ments ) into or out of any country in the Licensed Territor y. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Selling Price shall not include, and shall be deemed zero with respect to : ( 1 ) the distribution of reasonable quantities of pr omotional samples of Products distributed for the sole purpos e of promoting that Product, or ( 2 ) Products provid ed for clinical trials or research purposes . The Selling P rice for a Product that is transferred to a third p arty for promotional purposes without charge in excess of wh at is reasonable according to industry standards, o r for promoting another product, shall be the average inv oice price to the end user of that type of Product during the applicable calendar quarter