definiens: means, without duplication, the following items as applicable to Covered Products to the extent actually taken or incurred, in accordance with standard allocation procedures, allowance methodologies and accounting methods consistently applied, in accordance with GAAP ( except as otherwise provided below ): ( i ) credits or allowances for returns, rejections or recalls ( due to spoilage, damage, expiration of useful life or otherwise ), retroactive price reductions or billing corrections ; ( ii ) separatel y itemized invoiced freight, postage, shipping and insurance, handling and other transportation costs ; ( iii ) sales, use, value added and other similar taxes ( excluding income taxes ), tariffs, customs duties, surcharges and other governmental charges levied on the production, sale, transportation, delivery or use of the Covered Products that are incurred at time of sale or are directly related to the sale ; ( iv ) any quantity, cash or other trade discounts, rebates, refunds, charge backs, fees, credits or allowances ( including amounts incurred in connection with government -mandated rebate and discount programs, Third Party rebates and charge backs, and hospital buying group / group purchasing organization administration fees and payor organizations ), distributio n fees, and sales commissions paid to Third Parties ; and ( v ) deductions for bad debts