definiens: means, with respect to any Product, the gross amount invoiced by ARES TRADING or itsAffiliate or sublicensee for sales of such Product to independent or unaffiliated Third Party purchasers less thefollowing deductions, with respect to such sales to the extent that such amounts are either included in the billing as aline item as part of the gross amount invoiced, or otherwise documented in accordance with IFRS to be specificallyattributable to actual sales of such Product,:(a ) trade discounts, including trade, cash and quantity discounts or rebates, credits or refunds ( includinginventory management fees, discounts or credits);(b ) allowances or credits actually granted upon claims, returns or rejections of products, including recalls, regardless of the party requesting such recall;(c ) bad debts or provisions for bad debts, provided that if any bad debt is subsequently collected, it shall beadded to Net Sales;(d ) charges included in the gross sales price for freight, insurance, transportation, postage, handling and anyother charges relating to the sale, transportation, delivery or return of such Product;(e ) customs duties, sales, excise and use taxes and any other governmental charges ( including value added tax)actually paid in connection with the transportation, distribution, use or sale of such Product ( but excluding what iscommonly known as income taxes ) ; 9Portions herein identified by [ * * * * * ] have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatmentunder Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended . A complete copy of this document hasbeen filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission