definiens: means all domestic and foreign ( a ) patents and patent applications, and all patents issuingthereon, including without limitation utility, model and design patents and certificates of invention, together with all reissuepatents, patents of addition, divisionals, provisional applications, renewals, continuations, continuations - in - part, substitutions, additions, extensions, confirmations, re - examinations, and all foreign counterparts of the forgoing which are inthe process of being prepared, and all inventions and improvements disclosed therein ( collectively, ) ; ( b ) trademarks, service marks, trade dress, trade names, brand names, designs, logos, commercial symbols and corporate names, and allregistrations, applications and goodwill associated therewith, and the right to recover for past, present and future infringementthereof ( collectively, ) ; ( c ) copyrights and all works of authorship, whether or not registered or copyrightable, and all applications, registrations, and renewals in connection therewith ( collectively, ) ; ( d ) software, includingwithout limitation computer programs, operating systems, applications, software, firmware, tools, data files, databases, graphics, schematics, interfaces, architecture, file formats, routines, algorithms, video players, transcoding systems, contentmanagement systems, data collection tools and any and all specifications and documentation related thereto and allcopyrights therein ( ) ; ( e ) domain names and other computer identifiers, URLs, and registrations for any of theforegoing ( ) ; ( f ) confidential and proprietary information, including without limitation, trade secrets, know - how, business rules, data warehouse management techniques, formulae, ideas, concepts, discoveries, innovations, improvements, results, reports, information and data, research, laboratory and programmer notebooks, methods, procedures, proprietary technology, operating and maintenance manuals, engineering and other drawings and sketches, customer lists, supplier lists, pricing information, cost information, business manufacturing and production processes and techniques, designs, specifications, and blueprints ( collectively, ) ; and ( g ) all other intellectual property and proprietaryrights in any form or medium known or later devised