definiens: or means all intellectual property rights worldwide arising under statutory or common law, and whether or not perfect ed, including, without limitation, the following : ( a ) ( i ) any and all written, oral, and visual ideas, co ncepts, and inventions, whether or not any such idea, concept, or invention has been filed as a patent application or submitted to any attorn ey or other person for evaluation as to patentability, ( ii ) any patents, patent applications, any patents issuing therefrom worldwide, and all provisional rights with 2 respect to patent applications, ( iii ) any improveme nts, substitutions, divisionals, patents of additio n, continuations, continuations - in - part, reissues, ren ewals, registrations, confirmations, reexaminations, extensions, supplementary protection certificates, term extensi ons ( under applicable patent law or regulation or o ther law or regulation ), and certificates of invention of any p atents or patent applications, and ( iv ) all rights to exploit any of the foregoing ; ( b ) all rights associated with works of authorship, inc luding copyrights, copyright applications, copyright registrations, mask works, mask work applications, mask work registrations, an d software in either source or object form ; ( c ) all rights relating to the protection of trade secr ets and confidential information ; and ( d ) all know - how