definiens: means, with respect to a particular Co - Promoted Product, the following costsincurred by [COMPANY] or its Affiliates in the marketing and promotion of such Co - Promoted Product in the U.S. during aparticular period in accordance with the applicable Co - Promotion Plan and budget for such Co - Promoted Product : ( a ) theactual cost ( on a full - time equivalent basis ) of the personnel in [COMPANY] ’s or its Affiliates ’ U.S. operation serving on themarketing team for the Co - Promoted Product, and the allocated cost of personnel who spend time assigned to the Co - Promoted Product in support areas such as market research, managed care, contracting, pricing and product hotlines, ( b ) theactual cost associated with market development activities and other similar pre - launch activities for Co - Promoted Product inthe U.S., and ( c ) the actual cost of advertising, market research, promotional materials, promotional programs, scientificprograms and manufacturing of samples for Co - Promoted Product . For the avoidance of doubt, Direct Marketing / PromotionExpenses shall not include costs required to build, maintain and operate a Party ’s sales force and/or to fulfill its Co - Promotionobligations or sales force training expenses