definiens: means the gross invoice price of a Licensed Product sold by ASTELLAS, its Affiliatesor their sublicensees ( or such sublicensees ’ sublicensed affiliates ) to a Third Party ( excluding sales to Affiliatesand / or sublicensees for resale or use in any Study ), less the following to the full extent not already excluded from thegross invoice price : ( a ) deduction of cash, trade and quantity discounts specifically identified, actually paid or incurred ; ( b ) discounts, refunds, rebates, chargebacks, retroactive price adjustments, and any other allowancesactually made which effectively reduce the net selling price, including without limitation any institutional rebate ordiscount for government subsidy or reimbursement programs such as Medicare or Medicaid provided in the UnitedStates or any similar organization elsewhere in the world, and [ * ] or any comparable [ * ] ; [ * ]= CERTAIN INFORMATION HAS BEEN OMITTED AND FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE COMMISSION