definiens: shall mean the amount invoiced by AOI, its Affiliates, its licensees, sublicensees or distributors on account of sales of Contract Produc ts to Third Parties in the Territory, less the foll owing deductions to the extent ( except in the case of ( v ) below ) actually allowed or specifically allocated to the Contract Products by the selling party using ge nerally accepted accounting standards : ( i ) sales and excise taxes and duties paid or allowed b y the selling party and any other governmental charges imposed upon the production, i mportation, use or sale of such Contract Products ; ( ii ) trade, quantity and cash discounts allowed on Contr act Products ; ( iii ) allowances or credits to customers on account of re jection or return of Contract Products or on account of retroactive price reductions affecting s uch Contract Products ; ( iv ) Contract Product rebates and Contract Product charg e backs including those granted to managed - care entities ; ( v ) freight and insurance costs, if they are included i n the selling price for the Contract Products invoiced to Third Parties, provided always that suc h deduction shall not be greater than the balance between the selling price actually invoiced to the Third Party and the standard selling price which would have been charged to such Third P arty for such Contract Products exclusive of freight and insurance in the respective country or in a comparable country ; and ( vi ) fifty percent ( 50 % ) of any write - offs for bad debt