definiens: means the gross invoice price ( not including value added tax ( ), sales taxes, or similar taxes ) of Product Sold by Merck or its Related Parties to the first Third Party ( where such Third Party is not a Related Party ) after deducting, if not previously deducted, from the amount invoiced or received : ( a ) trade and quantity discounts actually granted, other than early pay cash discounts ; ( b ) returns, rebates, chargebacks and other allowances ; ( c ) retroactive price reductions that are actually allowed or granted ; ( d ) governmental and managed care rebates or chargebacks to the extent actually incurred or allowed with respect to Product Sold during the relevant time period to group purchasing organizations, hospitals or other buying groups ; ( e ) sales commissions paid to Third Party distributors and/or selling agents ; ( f ) a fixed amount equal to three percent ( 3 % ) of the amounts invoiced to cover bad debt, early payment cash discounts, transportation and insurance, custom duties, and other governmental charges ; and ( g ) the standard inventory cost of devices or delivery systems sold and invoiced to customers in conjunction with dispensing or administering Product