definiens: means, with respect to the Product, the gross amounts invoiced for sales or otherdispositions of the Product by or on behalf of AMAG and its Affiliates and Sublicensees to Third Parties ( other thanSublicensees ), less the following deductions to the extent included in the gross invoiced sales price for the Product orotherwise directly paid or incurred by AMAG or its Affiliates or Sublicensees, as applicable, with respect to the sale orother disposition of the Product : ( a ) normal and customary trade and quantity discounts actually allowed and properly takendirectly with respect to sales of the Product ( provided that such discounts are not applied disproportionately to theProduct when compared to the other products of AMAG or its Affiliates or Sublicensees, as applicable ) ; ( b ) credits or allowances given or made for rejection or return of previously sold Product or forretroactive price reductions and billing errors ; ( c ) rebates and chargeback payments granted to managed health care organizations, pharmacybenefit managers ( or equivalents thereof ), national, state / provincial, local, and other governments, their agencies andpurchasers and reimbursers, or to trade customers ; ( d ) costs of freight, insurance, and other transportation charges directly related to the distributionof the Product ; and ( e ) taxes, duties or other governmental charges ( including any tax such as a value added orsimilar tax, other than any taxes based on income ) levied on or measured by the billing amount for the Product, asadjusted for rebates and refunds