definiens: or means and includes any and all national, regional, local or other direct and indirecttaxes, assessments, fees, levies, withholdings, duties, penalties and other charges imposed by anyTaxation Authority and whether of the Republic of Turkey or elsewhere and irrespective of the personagainst whom the same are directly or primarily chargeable, including income ( whether actual ordeemed ), gross receipts, net proceeds, alternative or minimum, profits, gains, ad valorem, value added, turnover, sales, use, special consumption, property, personal property, stamp, leasing, lease, user, excise, franchise, transfer, notarisation, registration, documentary, licence, withholding, securing, gift, healthinsurance, social security, payroll, employment, unemployment, fuel, excess profits, occupationalseverance, estimated and other taxes, and shall include any interest, fines, penalties, surcharges, costs oradditional amounts payable in connection with the above