definiens: shall mean the gross amounts invoiced for sales or other dispositions of Products by or on behalf of Provention or any of its Related Parties ( each, a ) to Third Parties ( other than Related Parties ), less the following deduction s actually incurred, allowed, paid, accrued or othe rwise specifically allocated to Products by the Selling P arty, all in compliance with applicable Accounting Standards, consistently applied by the Selling Part y : ( a ) normal and customary trade discounts, including tra de, cash and quantity discounts or rebates credits or refunds, actually allowed or taken ; -7- CONFIDENTIAL ( b ) credits or allowances actually granted or made for rejection of or return of previously sold Products, including recalls, or for retroactive pri ce reductions and billing errors or for stocking al lowances ; ( c ) governmental and other rebates ( or credits or other equivalents thereof ) actually granted to managed health care organizations, commercial insur ance companies, pharmacy benefit managers ( or equiv alents thereof ), distributors, national, state / provincial, local, and other governments, their agencies and p urchasers, and reimbursers, or to trade customers ; ( d ) reasonable fees paid to wholesalers, distributors, selling agents(excluding sales representatives of the Selling Party ), group purcha sing organizations, Third Party payors, other contr actees and managed care entities, in each case with respect to the Product ; ( e ) charges separately invoiced for freight, insurance, transportation, postage and handling ; ( f ) taxes, custom duties or other governmental charges ( including any tax, such as a value added or similar tax or government charge, but excluding what is commonly known as income tax ) levied on or measured by the billing amount for Products, as adjusted for rebates and refunds ; and ( g ) bad debts or provision for bad debts deductions act ually written off during the applicable accounting period following the applicable Accounti ng Standards used by the Selling Party