definiens: means all tangible and intangible ( a ) techniques, techno - logy, practices, trade secrets, inventions ( whether or not patentable ), methods, knowledge, know - how, skill, experience, test data andresults ( including pharmacological, toxicological and clinical test data and results ), analytical and qualitycontrol data, results or descriptions, software and algorithms, insofar as they relate to Fumaric AcidProducts or Fumaric Acid Processes, and ( b ) compounds, compositions of matter, complexes, cells, celllines, assays, animal models and physical, biological or chemical material, all to the extent not claimed inany patents and not generally available to the public, insofar as they relate to fumaric acid esters ; 1.16 means any Third Party which licenses or sublicenses any right of Forward pursuant to thisAgreement ; 1.17 means all of the respective government registrations, including drugregulatory approval and other licenses and permits necessary for the production, storage, importation into, and the marketing, sale and distribution of the Fumaric Acid Products or use of the Fumaric AcidProcesses ; 1.18 means the gross revenue invoiced by Forward, its assignees, its Affiliates andLicensees for all Fumaric Acid Products or Fumaric Acid Processes sold by Forward, its assignees, itsAffiliates and Licensees in arm ’s length sales to bona fide independent Third Parties ( end - users ), and forany and all services related to the Commercialization performed by or on behalf of Forward, itsassignees, its Affiliates and Licensees, less to the extent included in the invoice price and/or related tothe invoice : ( a ) ordinary and customary quantity trade and/or cash discounts actually allowed ; ( b ) credits, rebates ( including government - mandated rebates ), refunds and returns, including, but notlimited to, wholesaler and retailer returns, whether for rejected or damaged goods or otherwise, cash, credit and free goods allowances given by reason of charge - backs, retroactive pricereductions or billing errors ; 7 ( c ) freight, shipment, insurance costs and duties paid for and separately identified on the invoice orother documentation maintained in the ordinary course of business ; ( d ) bad debt allowances ; ( e ) excise taxes, other consumption taxes, customs duties, tariffs and all other surcharges and othergovernmental charges payable to governmental authorities actually paid and separately identifiedon the invoice or other documentation maintained in the ordinary course of business ; Net End Sales shall also include the fair market value of all other consideration received by Forward, itsassignees, its Affiliates and Licensees in respect of any grant of rights to make, use, sell or otherwisedistribute Fumaric Acid Products or Fumaric Acid Processes, whether such consideration is in cash, payment in kind, exchange or another form