definiens: shall mean the amount invoiced by AOI, its Affiliates, its licensees, sublicensees or distributors onaccount of sales of Contract Products to Third Parties in the Territory, less the following deductions to the extent(except in the case of ( v ) below ) actually allowed or specifically allocated to the Contract Products by the sellingparty using generally accepted accounting standards : ( i ) sales and excise taxes and duties paid or allowed by the selling party and any other governmental chargesimposed upon the production, importation, use or sale of such Contract Products ; ( ii ) trade, quantity and cash discounts allowed on Contract Products ; ( iii ) allowances or credits to customers on account of rejection or return of Contract Products or on account ofretroactive price reductions affecting such Contract Products ; ( iv ) Contract Product rebates and Contract Product charge backs including those granted to managed - careentities ; ( v ) freight and insurance costs, if they are included in the selling price for the Contract Products invoiced toThird Parties, provided always that such deduction shall not be greater than the balance between the sellingprice actually invoiced to the Third Party and the standard selling price which would have been charged tosuch Third Party for such Contract Products exclusive of freight and insurance in the respective country orin a comparable country ; and ( vi ) fifty percent ( 50 % ) of any write - offs for bad debt