definiens: means activities designed to ensure or improve appropriate medical use of, conduct medical education of, or further research regarding, a Product sold in the U.S., including by way of example : ( a ) activities of medical sales liaisons ; ( b ) grants to support continuing medical education, symposia, or research related to aProduct in the U.S. ( excluding Phase IV Clinical Trials, which, with respect to a Product, shall be considered Sales andMarketing Costs, and Development activities conducted for purposes of obtaining an initial Regulatory Approval for anindication for a Product in the U.S., which shall be considered Development Costs ) ; ( c ) development, publication anddissemination of publications relating to a Product in the U.S., as well as medical information services provided in response toinquiries communicated via sales representatives or received by letter, phone call or email ; and ( d ) conducting advisory boardmeetings or other consultant programs, the purpose of which is to obtain advice and feedback related to the Development orCommercialization of a Product in the U.S