definiens: shall mean the amount billed by [COMPANY], an Affiliate or third party sublicensee from the sale for commercial use of Licensed Products to independent third parties less [ five percent ( 5 % ) of the billed amount to cover discounts, credits, returned goods, freight charges, taxes and similar adjustments . ] In the event a Licensed Product is sold in the form of a combination product containing one or more active ingredients other than TSAR Technology, Net Sales for such combination products shall be calculated by mUltiplying actual Net Sales of such Licensed Products by the fraction A/(A+B ) where A is the invoice price of the given Licensed Product if sold separately by [COMPANY], an Affiliate or third party sublicensee, and B is the total invoice price of any other active component or components in the combination if sold separately by [COMPANY], an Affiliate or third party sublicensee . If the given Licensed Product and the other active component or components in the combination are not sold separately by [COMPANY], an Affiliate or third party sublicensee, Net Sales for purposes of determining royalties on the combination shall be calculated by multiplying Net Sales of the combination by the fraction C/(C+D ) where C is [COMPANY] 's, an Affiliate 's or third party sublicensee 's total actual cost of Licensed Product at the point of formulation into the combination product and D is [COMPANY] ' s, an Affiliate 's or third party sublicensee 's total actual cost of the other active ingredient(s ) at the point of formulation 5 included in the combination product