definiens: shall mean, with respect to each party, ( i ) any other party of which the securities or other ownership interests representing fifty per cent ( 50 % ) or more of the equity or fifty percent ( 50 % ) or more of the ordinary voting power or fifty per cent 2 ( 50 % ) or more of the general partnership interests are, at the time such determination is being made, owned, controlled or held, directly or indirectly, by such party, or ( ii ) any other party which, at the time such determination is being made, is controlling, controlled by or under common control with, such party . As used herein, the term, whether used as a noun or verb, refers to the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct, or cause the direction of, the management or policies of a party, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise . For the avoidance of doubt, it is hereby recorded that, notwithstanding the definition contained in this Section 1.1 ., the PM - O Joint Venture Entitiesare - Affiliates'ofboth PM - C and Ora Vax and of each other