definiens: shall mean the sum of all amounts invoiced on account of sale of Products by LICENSEE and its Affiliates to non - affiliated third party purchasers of Products, less, if invoiced separately, ( a ) cash discounts to purchasers allowed in amounts customary in the trade, ( b ) amounts for transportation or shipping charges to purchasers, ( c ) credits for returns, allowances or trades, and ( d ) taxes and duties levied on the sale of Products, whether absorbed by Licensee or paid by the purchaser . In the event a Product is sold in combination with another active component(s ), Net Sales, for purposes of determining royalties on the combination will be calculated by multiplying Net Sales of the combination by the fraction AI(A+B ), in which A is the invoiced price of the Product If sold separately, and B is the invoiced price of the other active component(s ) in the combination if sold separately . If the Products and the other active component(s ) In the combination are not sold separately, then royalties on the combination will be calculated by the same method, in which A is the direct cost of manufacturing the Product and B is the direct cost of manufacturing the other active component(s ) . However, in no case shalt the calculated fraction AI(A+B ) be less than ~ e-(Ourth ( 1/~1~·t