definiens: means any information that is treated as confiden tial by a party, whether tangible or intangible, including, without limitati on, any and all specification information, techniqu es, discoveries, inventions, processes, know - how, paten t applications and related information, inventor ce rtificates, trade names, trade secrets, methods of production, technology, other proprietary information, other in tellectual property, information pertaining to business operat ions and strategies, and information pertaining to pricing, and marketing of Finished Product or Material . Confiden tial Information shall not include information that : ( a ) is already known to the Receiving Party without restri ction on use or disclosure prior to receipt of such information from the Disclosing Party ; ( b ) is or becomes genera lly known by the public other than by breach of thi s Agreement by, or other wrongful act of, the Receivi ng Party ; ( c ) is developed by the Receiving Party independently of, and without reference to, any Con fidential Information of the Disclosing Party ; or ( d ) is received by the Receiving Party from a third party who is not under any obligation to the Disclosing P arty to maintain the confidentiality of such information