definiens: or the means ( a ) the European Union and its memberstates as of the Effective Date, which are : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, and any other member states that may be added to theEuropean Union between July 27, 2016 and the Effective Date and ( b ) Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican, and each of their successors to theextent such successors occupy the same territory . For clarity, any of the named countries insubsection ( a ) shall remain part of the EU for the purpose of this Agreement regardless ofwhether they remain a member state of the EU