definiens: ) . 3 1.25 means, with respect to any period, the Gross Sales of the Products, less items recognized under GAAP, including, but not limited to, the foll owing deductions to the extent included in the gros s invoiced sales price for the Products or otherwise directly paid or incurred by [COMPANY], its permitted Affilia tes and its permitted sublicensees with respect to the sale of the Products and not otherwise recoverable by the p aying party : ( a ) trade, quantity, or cash discounts, chargebacks, returns, allowances or rebates and actually allow ed, given or accrued in the ordinary course of trading ( includin g, but not limited to, cash, governmental and manag ed care rebates, hospital or other buying group chargebacks ) ; ( b ) adjustments, rejections, recalls and returns to the extent made in the ordinary course of trading, to the exte nt the customer has been credited the original sale s price or a portion thereof ; ( c ) sales, excise, turnover, inven tory, value - added, customs duties and similar taxes and governmental charges assessed on the sale of the Pr oducts ; and ( d ) the portion of any management fees paid during the relevant time period to group purchasing organizations that relate specifically to the sale of such Products to such organizations, ( e ) any royalties p ayable by [COMPANY] to Third Parties in order to ena ble [COMPANY] to commercialize the Products in the Territory, ( f ) service fees paid or allowances conceded to wholes alers pursuant to distribution services agreements or sim ilar contracts by and between [COMPANY] and wholesal ers for logistic and other services such as, without limita tion, stock - keeping