definiens: means the gross invoice price of Product ( or Royalty Non - [COMPANY] Product, as applicable ) sold or otherwise disposed of by [COMPANY] or its Affiliates or sublicensee toindependent Third Parties, reduced by the following amounts ( calculated in accordancewith generally accepted accounting principles in accordance with International FinancialReporting Standards as consistently applied by [COMPANY] or its Affiliate or sublicensee, asapplicable ): ( a ) the amounts actually allowed or taken as volume, trade, quantity, or earlypayment discounts ; ( b ) credits actually given for returned Product ( including withdrawals, recalls, rejections, and returns ) ; ( c ) all rebates, chargebacks, retroactive price reductions, patient discount programs, and other sales allowances that are actually granted to anypayor, including managed health organizations, including rebates, reductions, andallowances mandated by government ; ( d ) taxes ( other than income or withholding taxes)directly attributable to the sale of such Product ( or Royalty Non - [COMPANY] Product, asapplicable ), including duties, tariffs, mandated contribution or other governmental chargeslevied on the sale of such Products, including VAT, excise taxes, sales taxes, and thatportion of the annual feel on prescription drug manufacturers imposed by the PatientProtection and Affordable Care Act, Pub . L. No . 111 - 148 ( as amended ), that [COMPANY] or itsAffiliates or sublicensees, as applicable, allocate to the sales of such Product inaccordance with [COMPANY] or its Affiliate ’s or sublicensee ’s standard policies and proceduresconsistently applied across its products, as applicable, in each case, to the extent non - creditable or refundable, ( e ) bad debt expense and amounts actually written off by reasonof uncollectible debt ; and ( f ) transportation costs, including6