definiens: shall mean all monies and equivalen t goods and services actually received by A VS or its sublicensees 1T0 m the manufacture, use, sale, lease, or other commercial exploitation of Licensed Products less the following : ( a ) any credits or refunds actually granted to customers for the return of Licensed Products that were previously sold ; ( b ) any separately identified sales, use, excise or similar taxes and custom duties or other governmental charges imposed upon the importation or sales of Licensed Products, except for taxes on income ; ( c ) any separately identified charges for transportation, packing, insurance, shipping, or handling which are directly associated with sales of Licensed Products ; and ( d ) in the event that AVS is required to pay a royalty to an lll1related third party in order to make, use, or sell a Licensed Product, such amounts actually paid to such third party ; provided, however, in no event shall the reduction due to royalties paid to other parties exceed [ 50o/~ of the amount as calculated prior to such reduction