definiens: means all intellectual prop erty rights throughout the world, including : ( a ) pa tents and patent applications and all related provisional s, divisionals, continuations, continuations - in - par t, reissues, reexaminations, extensions and substitutions of any of the foregoing ( ), ( b ) trademarks, service marks, names, corporate names, trade names, domain names, social media names, tags or handles, logos, slogans, trade dress, design rights, and other simi lar designations of source or origin, together with the goodwill symbolized by any of the foregoing, whether or not registered or applied for registration, including c ommon law trademark rights ( ), ( c ) copyrights and copyrightable subject matter, whether or not regis tered or applied for registration ( ), ( d ) techni cal, scientific, regulatory and other information, designs, ideas, inventions ( whether patentable or unpatentable and whether or not reduced to practice ), research and development, discoveries, results, creations, impro vements, know - how, techniques and data ( including biological, chemical, pharmacological, toxicologica l, pharmaceutical, physical and analytical, safety, quality control, manufacturing and preclinical and clinical data ), technology, algorithms, procedures, plans, processes, practices, methods, trade secrets, instructions, fo rmulae, formulations, compositions, specifications, and marketing, pricing, distribution, cost and sales in formation, tools, materials, apparatus, creations, improvements, works of authorship in any media, confidential, pro prietary or nonpublic information, and other simila r materials, and all recordings, graphs, drawings, re ports, analyses and other writings, and other tangi ble embodiments of the foregoing in any form whether or not listed herein ( ) and ( e ) application s, registrations and common law rights for the foregoi ng