definiens: means any data, results, technology, business inf ormation and other information of any type whatsoever, in any tangible or intangible form, including knowhow, trade secrets, practices, tech niques, methods, processes, inventions, developments, speci fications, formulations, formulae, materials or com positions of matter of any type or kind ( patentable or otherw ise ), software, algorithms, marketing reports, expe rtise, technology, test data ( including pharmacological, b iological, chemical, biochemical, toxicological, re search, preclinical and clinical test data ( including origi nal patient report forms, investigator reports, cli nical protocols, statistical analyses, expert opinions and reports ) ), manufacturing data ( including, analytical and qua lity control data, stability data, other study data and procedur es and other chemistry, manufacturing and control ( CMC ) data ), safety or other adverse reaction files and c omplaint files, presentations and papers from acade mic meetings or market research, in each case, together with all supporting data and raw source data therefor ; prov ided, however, Know - How shall exclude any and all patient -specific and other similar data to the extent such exclusion is required by Laws . Know - How excludes an y and all Patents