definiens: means, with respect to any Party ’s patents or patent applications, directly or indirectly, ( a ) to assert in anycourt or other competent governmental authority that such patents or patent applications are invalid or unenforceable, ( b ) to seek inany court or other competent governmental authority to narrow or change the scope of such patents or patent applications, ( c ) toseek, request, or otherwise take any action that results, or is reasonably expected to result in the declaration, initiation or continuationof a reexamination, interference or derivation proceeding, opposition, post - grant review or inter partes review of such patents, ( d ) tosubmit to any court or other competent governmental authority prior art, evidence, or arguments adverse to the patentability or validityof any of the other Party ’s patents or patent applications, or ( e ) to assist or cooperate with any other person or party to do any of theforegoing