definiens: means, subject to the exceptions of Article 12, ideas, inventions, discoveries, improvements, concepts, formulas, prac tices, procedures, processes, methods, knowledge, k now - how, trade secrets, skill, experience, documents, a pparatus, results, clinical and regulatory strategi es, test data, including biological, chemical, biochemical, pharma cological, toxicological, metabolic and clinical te st data, analytical, stability and quality control data, man ufacturing data and descriptions, patent and legal data, market data, financial data or descriptions, devices, assa ys, chemical formulations, specifications, composit ions of matter, standard operating procedures, protocols re lating to the research scale, pilot scale and comme rcial synthesis of physical, chemical and biological mate rials and compounds and products, product samples a nd other samples, physical, chemical and biological material s and compounds, and the like, whether or not paten table