definiens: means any company which is from time to time directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, a Party . For the purposes of this Agreement : ( i ) a company is directly controlled by another company or companies or person if that latter company or person beneficially owns or those la tter companies together beneficially own fifty percent ( 50 % ) or more of the voting rights attached to the issued share capital of the first mentioned company or direct or cause direction of the management and policies of the first mentioned company, whethe r through the ownership of voting stock, by contract or otherwise ; and ( ii ) a company is indirectly controlled by another company or companies or person if a series of companies can be specified, beginning with that latter company or companies and ending w ith the first mentioned company, so related that each company of the series ( except the latter company or companies ) is directly controlled by one or more of the companies earlier in the series