definiens: means conﬁdential, non - public information, know - how and data ( technical or non - technical ) that is disclosed in writing, orally, graphically, in machine readable form, or in any other manner by or on behalf of a disclosing Party to a receiving Party or its Aﬃliates for purposes of thisAgreement or any Study Order ( ) . Conﬁdential Information may be disclosed in any form ( e.g. oral, written, graphic, electronic or sample ) by oron behalf of disclosing Party or its Aﬃliates, or may be otherwise accessible to receiving Party or its Aﬃliates . Exchanges of Conﬁdential Informationdirectly between the Aﬃliates are also covered by this Agreement means any individual, company, partnership or other entity which directly orindirectly, at present or in the future, controls, is controlled by or is under common control of a Party, and will mean direct or indirect beneﬁcialownership of at least ﬁfty per cent ( 50 % ) of the voting share capital in such company or other business entity, or to hold the eﬀective power to appoint ordismiss members of the management