Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Long-Term Safety of Febuxostat in Subjects With Gout.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Hyperuricemia (serum uric acid ≥8.0 mg/dL upon entering parent study TMX-00-004).

          -  Must meet American College of Rheumatology criteria for gout.

          -  Must have adequate renal function (serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dL).

          -  Must have completed four weeks of double-blind dosing in Study TMX-00-004.

          -  Must not have experienced any serious study drug-related Adverse Events in Study TMX
             00-004.

          -  Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active must agree to use adequate
             contraception, and can neither be pregnant nor lactating from Screening throughout the
             duration of the study.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  History of xanthinuria

          -  Alcohol consumption >14/week

          -  Has a History of significant concomitant illness

          -  Has active liver disease.

          -  Has a body mass index greater than 50 kg/m2

          -  Any other significant medical condition that would interfere with the treatment,
             safety or compliance with the protocol, as defined by the investigator.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of arthralgias and nodules on her legs.  She has no fever or other skin rashes. The prior medical condition is unremarkable, and she takes no medications.  On physical examination, there is moderate hepatomegaly. The lesions on her legs are tender and present predominantly on the anterior surface of the lower extremities. She doesn't smoke and drinks alcohol occasionally. The patient has 2 male sexual partners. Vital signs are normal. Chest x-ray demonstrates enlarged hilar lymph nodes, and laboratory testing reveals an elevated ACE level. Biopsy of the skin lesion shows noncaseating granulomas that stain negative for fungi & acid-fast bacilli.

Patient's own account: I'm just a 39-year-old young woman but lately I have noticed some underlying cysts on my legs and my joints were hurting so much. I don't have a fever. I don't have rashes. My medical history is totally clean and I don't take any medication. When I went to the clinic they did a physical examination where they found that my liver is enlarged. They also found that the lesions on my legs are kind of tender and they are located on the front side of my legs. I do not smoke and I drink alcohol occasionally. I have to male sexual partners. On the day of my visit my vitals were fine. I did an X-ray of my chest and I had swollen lymph nodes. I also has a blood test and it came back with a high ACE level. I also had a biopsy of my skin lesions that came back negative for fungi and AFB.

Clinical trial: Patient Reported Outcome Instruments in Sarcoidosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosis of sarcoidosis by established criteria.

          -  Patient has completed pulmonary function tests (spirometry) as per standard of care at
             the enrollment visit.

          -  Ability to understand and read English at least at a 7th grade level.

          -  Have access to a computer, iPad, smart phone, or another electronic device that will
             support the on-line sarcoidosis assessment platform.

          -  The subject is willing to wear a daily activity and sleep tracker wristband (Fitbit ™
             wristband) for 6 months.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        • Life expectancy of < 1 year.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 27-year-old woman comes to the dermatology clinic with skin rash and oral ulcers.  The rashes are mildly itchy. The patient has no other medical conditions and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  On examination, there are pink papules symmetrically distributed over the anterior surfaces of the shins and ankles. There are some white ulcerated papules on her buccal mucosa. She is in relationship with her boyfriend and has only one sexual partner. Her boyfriend uses condoms. She smokes 1 to 2 cigarettes a day and drinks a beer daily. Biopsy reveals prominent hyperkeratosis with a thickened granular layer.  There is an infiltration of mononuclear cells in the superficial dermis that involves the overlying epidermis. The rete ridges have a sawtooth appearance.

Patient's own account: I went to the dermatologist because I had rashes on my skin and ulcers in my mouth. The rashes were not that itchy. I don't get it! I'm 27, I don't take medication, nor I don't have any other illnesses. My vitals were normal. My doc told me there were pink spots on the back of my throat. I'm heterosexual and have been only with my boyfriend and he uses condoms. I smoke 1 or 2 cigarettes a day and I drink a beer to accompany it. I had a biopsy and it showed some thick and grainy skin texture. The doc said it's an immune reaction.

Clinical trial: Low Concentration ALA-PDT in Treatment of Skin Ulcer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  chronic skin wounds that involved the dermis and did not heal in three months or did
             not exhibit a tendency toward healing

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  allergies to photosensitizers and their solvents, serious medical illnesses, such as
             severe heart disease, severe liver or kidney dysfunction, systemic infection or any
             concomitant infection that would require treatment with an additional antimicrobial
             agent, the use of topical or systemic antibiotics within one month prior to treatment.
             Pregnant or lactating women were also excluded.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Proton Pump Inhibitors and Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  recent onset of typical reflux symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  age <18 or >70 yrs

          -  pregnancy or breast-feeding

          -  evidence of major concomitant diseases (i.e., tumors, cardiovascular disorders and
             hepatic and/or renal failure)

          -  use of PPIs or H2-antagonists, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or
             antibiotics in the previous 3 months

          -  presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection

          -  erosive esophagitis

          -  presence of bowel symptoms such as bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea and
             constipation in the last 6 months or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to Rome
             III criteria.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 15-week-old infant brought to the clinic for the follow up. The infant has flat facies, small ears, a single palmar crease, and upward slanting eyes. He was born on 39th week to a 39-year-old woman who didn't have prenatal care. The medical record confirms the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Down syndrome). The infant is otherwise healthy.

Patient's own account: My newborn, who is only 15 weeks old, had one of his follow-up appointments. The doctor pointed out that my baby had a flat face, small ears, only one palm line, and small eyes. He was born on his 39th week, while I was 39. What a coincidence! To be honest, I did not go to the doctor during my pregnancy. The doctor diagnosed my baby with Down syndrome. Apart from that he's healthy.

Clinical trial: Effect of Core Stability Exercises and Balance Training in Postural Control Among Down Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Trisomy 21 by genetic karyotype

          -  A confirmed diagnosis of Down syndrome by a paediatric neurologist, having no
             neurological or mobility disorders,

          -  independent standing and walking abilities,

          -  Joint Laxity , low muscle tone and psychomotor development deficits

          -  Normal vision and hearing

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  A history of congenital heart defects and orthopedic

          -  surgery in the past year and severe mental retardation.

          -  Seizure

          -  Severe visual or auditory disturbances,

          -  Weight less than the 3rd percentile of Down syndrome

          -  Multiple sclerosis or epilepsy
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 5 Years old.
Subject must be at most 17 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: The Clinical Significance of Minimal Change in Reflux Esophagitis Based on the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age ≥ 20 years old patients who consent to revealing their medical information and be
             able to respond to questionnaires regarding the symptom.

          -  Patients who had shown the reflux esophageal minimal change in the endoscopic finding:
             the reflux esophagitis

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients who had shown the mucosal break or barrett esophagus at gastric mucosal
             barrier or lower oesophagus in endoscopic findings

          -  Patient with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease and who have received
             medication treatment

          -  Patient who had received H2-receptor antagonists, prostaglandin, PPI, NSAIDs or
             aspirin, high dose steroid and anticoagulants for at least 5 consecutive days in the
             4-week period immediately preceding the diagnostic endoscopy

          -  Patients with a history of operation due to gastrointestinal disease, malignancy,
             alcoholism, pregnancy (in female), breast feeding (in female) or systemic disease
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of gritty sensation in her eyes. She also has difficulty swallowing dry foods with no pain or heartburn.  The patient is a schoolteacher and must drink water frequently during lectures due to her mouth dryness.  She also reports occasional joint pain.  Medical history is not significant other than the confirmed Sjogren disease with no other rheumatologic disease.  She is sexually active with her husband and has 2 children both delivered by natural vaginal delivery. She has no history of any kind of surgery. Physical examination shows conjunctival erythema and cracking of the lips. The remainder of the examination and history is normal. Her lab result shows elevated ESR (50 mm/h)

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a terrible gritty sensation in my eyes. It was also hard to swallow dry food, but it didn't burn, and there was no pain. I'm a 40-year-old female school teacher and I should drink water for the lectures because otherwise, my mouth gets really dry. I also have joint pain from time to time. I have been diagnosed with Sjogren disease but no other rheumatologic disease. I have a husband, we're sexually active, and I also have two lovely children that I delivered both naturally. I never undergone any surgery. Physical examination when I came to the clinic, and it showed cracking on my lips and a pink eye. The rest was fine. I also did some lab tests, and they came back with high ESR.

Clinical trial: Effect of Meibomian Gland Probing on Ocular Surface in Ocular Rosacea

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        • Diagnosed Ocular Rosacea +/- Facial Rosacea

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Prior meibomian gland probing

          -  Prior treatment with Lipiflow

          -  Cicatricial Disease

          -  Sjogren's Syndrome

          -  Prior radiation therapy to face / head

          -  Allergy to lissamine green and fluorescein
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Comparison of Open and Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for T4a Gastric Cancer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Pathologic finding by gastric endoscopy: confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma

          -  Age: 18 - 80 year old

          -  Tumor located at the middle or lower third of the stomach

          -  Preoperative cancer stage (CT scan stage): cT4aN0M0, cT4aN1M0, cT4aN2M0, cT4aN3M0

          -  ASA score: ≤ 3

          -  Informed consent patients (explanation about our clinical trials is provided to the
             patients or patrons, if patient is not available)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Concurrent cancer or patient who was treated due to other cancer before the patient
             was diagnosed gastric cancer

          -  Had another treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy

          -  Pregnant patient

          -  Combined resection

          -  Total gastrectomy
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Optimal Treatment for Women With a Persisting Pregnancy of Unknown Location

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Female with a persisting pregnancy of unknown location:

          -  A pregnancy of unknown location is defined as a pregnancy in a woman with a positive
             pregnancy test but no definitive signs of pregnancy in the uterus or adnexa on
             ultrasound imaging. A definitive sign of gestation includes ultrasound visualization
             of a gestational sac with a yolk sac (with or without an embryo) in the uterus or in
             the adnexa. Ultrasound must be performed within 7 days prior to randomization.

          -  Persistence of hCG is defined as at least 2 serial hCG values (over 2-14 days),
             showing < 15% rise per day, or < 50% fall between the first and last value.

          -  Patient is hemodynamically stable, hemoglobin >10 mg/dL

          -  Greater than or 18 years of age

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Hemodynamically unstable in need of acute treatment

          -  Most recent hCG > 5000 mIU/mL

          -  Patient obtaining care in relation to a recently completed pregnancy (delivery,
             spontaneous or elective abortion)

          -  Diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease

          -  Subject unwilling or unable to comply with study procedures

          -  Known hypersensitivity to MTX

          -  Presence of clinical contraindications for treatment with MTX

          -  Prior medical or surgical management of this gestation

          -  Subject unwilling to accept a blood transfusion
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Observational Study on Costs and Caregiver Burden in Alzheimer's Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinical diagnosis of possible or probable Alzheimer's disease, with or without
             vascular elements

          -  The primary caregiver can be identified

          -  The patient and his/her primary caregiver are both willing and able to participate in
             the study

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patient or caregiver affected by alcohol or narcotics to the extent that it interferes
             with the completion of the study

          -  Patient or caregiver does not understand English

          -  Patient and/ or caregiver is the physician or physician's staff

          -  Patient and/ or caregiver is a family member of the physician or physician's staff
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment