Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Sputum Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) mRNA and Montelukast

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Male or female, aged 18 to 60 years.

          -  Diagnosed with asthma, defined as episodic chest tightness, wheezing and dyspnoea,
             cough.

          -  Non-Smoker or Ex-Smoker for at least 10 years and a smoking history of less than 5
             pack years.

          -  History of asthma symptoms for more than 10years.

          -  Receiving as required short acting bronchodilators.

          -  Post bronchodilator FEV1 50 to 100 % predicted

          -  Evidence of airway calibre reversibility within the previous 12 months: reversibility
             to salbutamol of 12% following 400mcg inhaled salbutamol, histamine PC20 < 8mg/ml,
             diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow of 20%.

          -  Able to produce sputum after induction with saline.

        Exclusion criteria:

          -  Cardiac or pulmonary disease other than asthma.

          -  Respiratory infection defined as fever, nasal/sinus congestion, fatigue, cough,
             antibiotic use or yellow/green sputum within 4 weeks prior to study.

          -  Receiving inhaled or oral corticosteroid therapy, long acting Beta2 agonist therapy or
             leukotriene modifying therapy for the previous 1 month.

          -  Severe or uncontrolled co-morbid disease.

          -  Pregnancy or breastfeeding.

          -  Unable to give written informed consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction