Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: Endomina Diverticulum

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Symptomatic medio or epiphrenic diverticulum.

          2. Age between 18-80 years;

          3. Must be able to comply with all study requirements for the duration of the study as
             outlined in the protocol. This includes complying with the visit schedule as well as
             study specific procedures such as: clinical assessment, endoscopy, radiography, as
             well as laboratory investigations;

          4. Must be able to understand and be willing to provide written informed consent;

          5. Must live within 75 km of the treatment site;

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Achalasia and any other esophageal motility disorders.

          2. Severe esophagitis

          3. Gastro-duodenal ulcer

          4. Severe renal, hepatic, pulmonary disease or cancer;

          5. GI stenosis or obstruction;

          6. Pregnancy, breastfeeding or willing to become pregnant in the coming 18 months;

          7. Anticoagulant therapy;

          8. Currently participating in other study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Sleep Disorders and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. English-speaking male or female subjects, 18-75 years of age. (Women must be two (2)
             years post-menopausal or surgically sterile. Women of childbearing potential or <1
             year post-menopausal must be practicing an approved method of contraception and have a
             negative urine pregnancy test at screening.),

          2. a six-month duration of insomnia,

          3. sleep difficulty at least 3 nights per week, and a sleep study demonstrating > 10
             arousals/hour for those aged < 45, and >15 for those who are 45 or older.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. BMI > 30 or history of snoring (in order to decrease the prevalence of sleep apnea in
             the sample),

          2. use of any proton pump inhibitor or H2 receptor antagonist within one week of
             undergoing initial sleep study,

          3. previous acid-suppressing medication for sleep disturbances,

          4. previous surgical antireflux procedure,

          5. current medical therapy that includes digoxin or ketoconazole,

          6. previous aerodigestive malignancy,

          7. a previously diagnosed psychological or medical cause of insomnia (other than
             suspected GERD), and

          8. inability or unwillingness to provide consent for the procedures.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 57-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to constipation.  His last bowel movement was 2 days ago. He complains of spending about 30 minutes once attempting to defecate. He also has lower back pain.  There is no history of trauma. The pain is not relieved with over-the-counter pain medications.  His vital signs are within normal limits.  Examination shows low back pain that is worse with back flexion and raising of the legs; it radiates into his left leg.  Pinprick in the perianal area does not cause rapid contraction of the anal sphincter.  The rest of the neurologic examination is normal. He is suspected of Cauda Equina syndrome and referred to a spinal MRI.

Patient's own account: I'm a 57 year-old-man, and I had to go to the ER because I couldn't go defecate. My last trip to the toilet was 2 days ago, and I tried too many times, during 30 min, to get my poop to get out. I also have terrible lower back pain. The doctor did not notice any trauma. I tried to get the pain away using over-the-counter medications, but it simply did not work! Back in the ER my vitals were normal. My pain was even more intense with back flexion, and when I raised my legs, it radiated into my left leg. The doctor did an anus exam where he had to pinch it and it was not reacting! However the rest of my neurologic exam was normal. The doctor suspects a Cauda Equina syndrome and referred me to a spinal MRI.

Clinical trial: Effects of Bilateral Asymmetrical Limbs Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Multifidus Muscle in CLBP.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Chronic Low back pain (pain for > 3 month)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Any history related to spinal surgery

          -  Previous administration of epidural injections.

          -  Low Back Pain due to specific pathology,

          -  Neurological deficits (like stroke)

          -  Clinical disorder contraindicated to exercise.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Oral Testosterone for the Treatment of Hypogonadism in Males

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Symptomatic hypogonadal male subjects (Testosterone > 100 and <300 ng/dL, two separate
             10 am samples one week apart),

          -  18-70 years old,

          -  Willing and able to provide informed consent and to participate in all 3 periods of
             the study.

          -  BMI < 35 kg/m2.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Malabsorption conditions (e.g. history of cholecystectomy, Inflammatory Bowel Disease,
             Pancreatitis, Celiac disease, Sprue, Dumping syndrome, Bariatric surgery; Short bowel
             syndrome, Lactose intolerance);

          -  Alcoholics or substance abuse;

          -  Gastroparesis; IPSS (International Prostate Symptom score) > 19; PSA
             (prostate-specific antigen)> 4 ng/ml;

          -  Congestive Heart Failure, uncontrolled (NYHC >1);

          -  Uncontrolled sleep apnea;

          -  Topical or injectable testosterone replacement therapy (any kind including
             dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and nutritional supplements) within past 4 weeks;

          -  Testopel excluded if within 2 years;

          -  Aveed excluded if within past 6 months;

          -  Hematocrit > 50.
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Vital Sign Comparison Between Lifelight and Standard of Care - Development

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  I1. Sufficiently conversant in the English language to satisfy I3.

          -  I2. Able and willing to comply with all study requirements.

          -  I3. Able and willing to provide written informed consent to participate (including by
             parent or legal guardian if under 16 years old).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  There are no exclusion criteria.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.

Subject must be at least 3 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Minimally Invasive Open Preperitoneal Surgery With Polysoft Mesh Versus a Classic Open Surgery With Light Weight Mesh

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Symptomatic hernia inguinalis

          -  > 18 years
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Polypropylene Meshes in Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Elective Surgery

          -  Men with unilateral inguinal hernia

          -  Age 20 - 50 years

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  BMI> 30

          -  Recurrent inguinal hernia

          -  Strangulated inguinal hernia

          -  Anesthetic risk ASA III and IV

          -  Diabetics

          -  COPD

          -  Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of gritty sensation in her eyes. She also has difficulty swallowing dry foods with no pain or heartburn.  The patient is a schoolteacher and must drink water frequently during lectures due to her mouth dryness.  She also reports occasional joint pain.  Medical history is not significant other than the confirmed Sjogren disease with no other rheumatologic disease.  She is sexually active with her husband and has 2 children both delivered by natural vaginal delivery. She has no history of any kind of surgery. Physical examination shows conjunctival erythema and cracking of the lips. The remainder of the examination and history is normal. Her lab result shows elevated ESR (50 mm/h)

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a terrible gritty sensation in my eyes. It was also hard to swallow dry food, but it didn't burn, and there was no pain. I'm a 40-year-old female school teacher and I should drink water for the lectures because otherwise, my mouth gets really dry. I also have joint pain from time to time. I have been diagnosed with Sjogren disease but no other rheumatologic disease. I have a husband, we're sexually active, and I also have two lovely children that I delivered both naturally. I never undergone any surgery. Physical examination when I came to the clinic, and it showed cracking on my lips and a pink eye. The rest was fine. I also did some lab tests, and they came back with high ESR.

Clinical trial: Dry Eye Disease in the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  All participants in VITAL (NCT 01169259) are eligible to participate in this ancillary
             study.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  None
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Growth Response in Short Children Suffering From a Disease With Growth Retardation and Treated With Somatropin

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Severe growth retardation (< -2,5 height SDS and annual growth velocity (HV SDS) < 0
             SD according to Reinken (1992) and parental adjusted target height < -1 SD according
             to Tanner (1986)

          -  Chronological age > 4 and < 10 years, prepubertal children; for girls: Tanner breast
             stage B = 1, for boys: testis volume ≤ 3 ml

          -  Any disease which is NOT part of the registered indications for GH treatment in
             Germany

          -  Written informed consent from both parents and from the patients if she/he is able to
             receive and understand the information

          -  GH treatment requested by an expert in pediatric endocrinology

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Participation in any other clinical study

          -  Unable to follow the and/or comprehend the protocol ( e.g. severe mental retardation)

          -  Previous history of intolerance or hypersensitivity to the study drug

          -  History of malignancy

          -  Chromosomal anomalies with increased risk for malignancy
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 4 Years old.
Subject must be at most 10 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the office for routine checkup. He is complaining of chronic cough and occasional but progressive dyspnea.  Other medical conditions include hypertension and osteoarthritis.  The patient smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and does not use alcohol or illicit drugs.  He used to be a construction worker. On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of both lungs.  Chest CT scan reveals a mild bilateral pleural effusion and diffuse thickening of the pleura. The patient's documents show chronic exposure to asbestosis. The specimen of the lungs reveled  pulmonary fibrosis that is most predominant in the lower lobes, characterized  by the presence of asbestos bodies (golden-brown beaded rods with translucent centers).

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old former construction worker. I'm a man and I smoke a pack of cigs a day but I don't drink or do drugs. I went to my routine checkup because I've been coughing so much lately. I also had shortness of breath and it got worse over time. I already suffer from hypertension and osteoarthritis. My doctor found that I have decreased breath sounds. I did a chest scan and it seems that I have fluid around my lungs, and the lining of my lungs has become thicker in many areas. I have been exposed a lot to asbestos fibers. The other lung exam showed that I have pulmonary fibrosis, especially in the lower part of my lungs and they found some asbestos there.

Clinical trial: Segmentation of Structural Abnormalities in Chronic Lung Diseases

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with chronic lung disease and clinical examination, pulmonary function test,
             and CT acquired during a routine follow-up

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  In the Clinical Validation group, patients with exacerbation or part of the other
             groups
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 3 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment