Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Very Small Embryonic-like Stem Cells for Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients had moderate to severe osteoarthritis of both knees.

          -  Those had mechanical pain of knee joints, which was aggravated by walking or stair
             climbing.

          -  Those complained of gelling pain of knee joint.

          -  Those have crepitus and limitation of the joint range of motion with joint bony
             hypertrophy on physical examination, X-rays showed narrowing of joint space and
             osteophyte formation

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Diabetic foot and patients with obvious edema in the legs caused by various causes

          -  Blood disease patients, thrombocytopenia or dysfunction, hypofibrinemia or
             anticoagulant therapy, long-term use of aspirin
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: The Role of Uterine Artery Doppler Parameters in the Management of Retained Products of Conception.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:1. women with missed abortion (embryo karger than 5 mm with no heart
        beat) or anembryonic pregnancy (empty gestational sac larger than 20 mm) 2. incomplete
        abortion 3. missed abortion with CRL (crown ump length) no larger than 8 weeks of pregnancy
        4. women who got a clear explanation about all treatment options and they chose misoprostol
        as a treatment 5. women who read and signed an informed consent form

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. known allergy to prostaglandins or NSAIDS

          2. heavy vaginal bleeding and hemodynamic instability

          3. multifetal gestation

          4. women with a clotting problems or treated with anticoagulant medications

          5. fever above 37.5 c

          6. anemia with hemoglobin < 9/5 gr%

          7. missed abortion with CRL larger than 8 weeks of pregnancy

          8. diseases that can be aggravated by prostaglandins : severe asthma, uncontrolled blood
             pressure, glaucoma, sickle cell anemia, mitral stenosis
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Neo-nervegenesis in Inguinal Hernia Implant ProFlor

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair with the prosthetic device named ProFlor

          -  Patients undergoing recurrent inguinal hernia repair after primary repair with the
             prosthetic device named ProFlor

          -  Patients undergoing surgical procedure in the groin area after inguinal hernia repair
             with the prosthetic device named ProFlor

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair with conventional flat meshes
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Evolution of Tophus and Erosions of Hands and Feet at DECT

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age greater than or equal to 18 years

          -  Patient with a tophaceous gout

          -  Without urate-lowering treatment or with treatment but uricemia not at target

          -  Having given its free and informed consent to participate in this study

          -  Affiliated with a social security system

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnant or breastfeeding woman

          -  Participation in another intervention research or period of exclusion due to a
             previous research.

          -  Impossibility to position oneself in ventral position (position for hands/wrists DECT
             acquisition).
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 100 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 17-year-old male comes to the office due to several months of right elbow pain.  The pain is worse with activity and limits his workouts and activities.  He has tried over-the-counter medications with limited relief.  Medical history is notable for eczema, and current medications include a topical hydrocortisone ointment.  He is sexually active with his girlfriend and uses condoms. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. He plays tennis most of the days of the week. The comprehensive evaluation shows pain on the lateral side of the elbow, made worse by pressure applied on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and when making a fist with the elbow joint straightened. The patient has this pain since last year and had several courses of physical therapy.

Patient's own account: I'm 17, and I had to go to the doctor because I've been suffering from my right elbow for several months. The pain is even worse when I do sports and it kind of limits me for my workouts and activities. I tried over-the-counter medications but it didn't work much. I had eczema before and my medication is ointments that contain cortisone. I am sexually active as a 17-year-old guy, and I have a girlfriend, and we use condoms. I don't smoke or drink. I play tennis most days of the week. I did an exam that showed pain on the side of my elbow and it was worse when they applied some pressure on it and when I was putting my hand as a fist. I have had this pain since last year, and I had several sessions of physical therapy already.

Clinical trial: Use of TPD Heat Lamp for Tennis Elbow Pain - a Randomized-controlled Trial

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients that have consented.

          -  Patients diagnosed with tennis elbow pain. Definition of tennis elbow (lateral
             epicondylitis) is "pain or tenderness on loading relevant muscle on the lateral
             epicondyle, with no shoulder or wrist pain.". Patients recruited will be interviewed
             and examined to confirm the clinical diagnosis. The level of pain will be assessed
             with the visual analogue scale (VAS) and level of functional disability with the
             QUICKDASH Questionnaire.

          -  Patients must be between the ages of 18-65.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with existing diagnosis of neuropathic pain, metabolic or metastatic bone
             pain will be excluded. So will patients with recent or previous bone fracture of the
             elbow and epicondyles.

          -  Patients taking any form of oral analgesia in the last 2 weeks prior to randomization.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the clinic for his routine checkup. The patient wears glasses for myopia and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the patient is tall with long upper extremities and fingers.  The face appears narrow with down-slanted palpebral fissures, flattened malar bones, and a small jaw.  The lungs are clear on auscultation.  The abdomen is soft with no organomegaly. The patient is diagnosed with Marfan syndrome, and he is cooperative with his medical appointments. He is working as driver.

Patient's own account: I'm a 20-year-old guy, working as a driver and I went to the clinic for my routine checkup. I have myopia, so I wear glasses and I don't take any other medications. My vitals were normal. I also did a physical exam, and I was told that I have long legs, arms, and fingers. They also told me that my face is quite narrow, with down-slanted eyes and a small jaw. My lungs were fine and my tummy too. I have been diagnosed with Marfan syndrome and I haven't been skipping any medical appointments since.

Clinical trial: Pathogenetic Basis of Aortopathy and Aortic Valve Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Open to external enrollment:

               -  Subjects with a genetic diagnosis of Marfan Syndrome (MDS), Loeys-Dietz Syndrome
                  (LDS), or Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS); (Positive genetic testing or a
                  previous cardiac study required to be eligible)

               -  Family members of eligible subjects (Only family members of subjects with
                  syndromic diagnoses are eligible for external enrollment at this time)

          -  Closed to external enrollment:

               -  Subjects with aortic disease including TAA* or dissection, aortic tortuosity, or
                  aortic hypoplasia/stenosis (based on any cardiac imaging modality including
                  echocardiography, CT, MRI, or angiography)

               -  Subjects with aortic valve disease (bicuspid, unicuspid, or tricuspid disease)

               -  Control subjects having tissue removed during a surgical procedure (e.g. coronary
                  artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), cardiac transplant, etc.)

        Exclusion Criteria:

        • Inability or unwillingness to provide consent (assent when indicated)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): The patient is a 38-year-old man with cough and body ache that started 3 days ago.  He had fever and chills at the beginning and has low grade fever at the time of visit. He feels tired and sleepy. His body ache and myalgia get better after using Tylenol. The PCR test for Covid is positive. His vital signs are within normal limits with a body temperature of 37.9 C. There is no lymphadenopathy or white exudates in the pharynx.

Patient's own account: I was feeling really sick the other day, to the point that I showed up at the doctor's office. I was coughing, and my body was hurting for 3 days. I had a fever and chills and felt tired and sleepy. I got better after using Tylenol. They did a PCR Covid test on me, and it was positive! My vitals were normal, and my temperature was 37.9 C. I had no swelling around my neck or white spots on the back of my throat.

Clinical trial: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Neutralizing Antibody BGB-DXP593 in Participants With Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Eligibility criteria:
Key Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 infection
             (positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] test or other
             authorized antigen testing methods) in any samples following local practice ≤ 72 hours
             prior to screening.

          2. Have experienced COVID-19 symptoms for ≤ 7 days prior to treatment assignment, such as
             fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, diarrhea, vomiting, and dysgeusia

          3. Agree to the collection of nasopharyngeal swabs, saliva, and venous blood

        Key Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Severe COVID-19 having oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤ 93 % on room air at sea level or
             ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 in millimeters of mercury) to
             fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) < 300, respiratory rate ≥ 30/min, heart rate ≥
             125/min

          2. Requires mechanical ventilation or anticipated impending need for mechanical
             ventilation

          3. Known allergies to any of the components used in the formulation of the interventions

          4. Have received an investigational intervention for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis within 30
             days before dosing

          5. Have received treatment with a SARS-CoV-2 specific monoclonal antibody

        NOTE: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 2-year-old boy is brought to the office by his parents due to a rash that started 1 week ago.  A similar red, itchy rash on the cheeks, trunk, and arms has occurred intermittently since infancy.  The patient has had a few upper respiratory infections but no major illnesses.  Vaccinations are up to date, and he takes no medications. He is on a balanced diet, and he is healthy in appearance.  Vital signs and milestone examination are within normal limits.  Similar findings are observed on the cheeks and proximal upper extremities.  The diaper area is clear, and no mucosal lesions are present.

Patient's own account: I just brought my two-year-old son to the doctor's office because he had a rash for like one week. His rash was on the cheeks, the trunk, and his arms. He already had this before, and it keeps coming back from time to time to time. In the past, he had some respiratory infections but he has never been this sick. His vaccinations are up to date, and he doesn't take any medication. He's healthy with a nice diet. The doctor told me his vitals and milestone examinations were normal. The doctor also said there was a rash around the cheek and the upper part of his arms. The diaper area is okay, and there are no lesions.

Clinical trial: Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Desoximetasone (DSXS) With Atopic Dermatitis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        - male and non-pregnant females, age 6 months or older, with a confirmed diagnosis of
        moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD)

        Exclusion Criteria:

        - Lacks stable diagnosis of atopic dermatitis or has been diagnosed with mild atopic
        dermatitis.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 6 Months old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: The Feasible Research of Infrared Endoscope to Diagnose Early Gastric Cancer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Age：18-70

          2. Sex：unlimited；

          3. Group 1：patients with EGC，willing to receive treatment under endoscopy（EMR/ESD）

          4. Group 2：patients for screening，or have some general symptoms dyspepsia、epigastric
             pain）who need to be examined by endoscopy

          5. Informed consent issued

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Severe liver and kidney disease;

          2. Iodine, seafood or other severe allergies history；

          3. Patients with severe heart or pulmonary disease which is not suitable for endoscopic
             examination

          4. Higher blood risk of esophageal varices

          5. Pregnant or lactating female

          6. Without patient's consent

          7. The investigator considers other condition which is not suitable for participation
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old girl comes to the clinic due to a left wrist mass.  She noticed swelling on the top of her wrist about 4 months ago and came to the clinic due to cosmetic concerns.  Examination shows a nontender, rounded mass on the dorsal wrist that transilluminates with a penlight. Vital signs are normal. The patient needs to type on her computer almost all day. She is left-handed. She does not smoke or use illicit drugs. She is in sexual relationship with two male partners and uses condoms.

Patient's own account: I'm a 19-year-old girl and I went to see my doctor because of a mass on my left wrist. I noticed a swelling on top of my wrist, like 4 months ago, and I went the first time to the doctor because it was pretty ugly! My wrist was not tender, and the mass was round and let the light go through when the doctor used a penlight. My blood pressure, breathing and temperature were normal. I'm left-handed and I need to be on my PC all day. I don't smoke or do drugs. I'm sexually active and I have 2 male partners but they all use condoms.

Clinical trial: HIV and STD Prevention for High-Risk, Inner-City, African American Youth

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Currently resides in one of the test cities

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Presence of mental impairments
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 14 Years old.
Subject must be at most 17 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction