Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Phenotyping the Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age: ≥ 18 years old

          -  Gender: Female and Male

          -  Signed informed consent

          -  Out-patients at the Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital

          -  One or several symptoms suggesting chronic respiratory disease (cough, chest
             tightness, wheezing, dyspnoea, sputum), lasting 3 months or more.

          -  Lung function defect (FEV1/FVC < 0,7 or FEV1 < 80% PV with FEV1/FVC > 0,7 or FEV1> 80%
             PV and FEV1/FVC > 0,7 with a decrease of DLCO (< 80% PV).

        FEV1: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second FVC : Forced Vital Capacity PV: predicted value
        DLCO: Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide

          -  Patients are able to stop anti-histamine 5 days before evaluation.

          -  Patients are able to stop bronchodilator treatment before performing lung function
             test according to standard practice (immediate release theophylline: 24 hours, long
             acting β2-agonist: 12 hours, short acting β2-agonist: 6 hours and short acting
             anticholinergic: 8 hours).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  The patients do not agree to participate in the study.

          -  Presence of one or more chronic diseases: HIV, active tuberculosis, hypertension,
             heart failure, diabetes, low BMI (<18.5) or mental health disorders.

          -  Treatment with B-blockers, drugs of vascular/heart disease
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment