Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: VERtebral Fracture Treatment Comparisons in Osteoporotic Women

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, as defined by low bone mineral density (BMD),
             i.e. anterior-posterior lumbar spine, total hip or femoral neck BMD ≥1.5 standard
             deviations below the average BMD for young, healthy, non-Hispanic, Caucasian women

          -  A minimum of 2 moderate or 1 severe vertebral fragility fractures (confirmed by
             central reader) were required

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Increased risk of osteosarcoma

          -  History of unresolved skeletal diseases that affect bone metabolism

          -  History of atypical subtrochanteric or diaphyseal femoral fractures

          -  Abnormally high or low calcium levels

          -  Abnormally high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels

          -  Severe vitamin D deficiency

          -  Abnormal thyroid function not corrected by therapy

          -  History of malignant neoplasms in the last 5 years

          -  Active liver disease, clinical jaundice

          -  Significant impairment of hepatic or renal function

          -  History of nephro- or urolithiasis

          -  Previous or planned kypho- or vertebroplasty

          -  Active or risk for osteonecrosis of the jaw

          -  Active or recent history of upper gastrointestinal disorders

          -  Unable to stand or sit in the upright position for at least 30 minutes
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: The Effect of Patient Counseling on Adolescent Hemophilia Patient Compliance With Bleeding Logs

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Ages 12 through 20

          -  Severe or moderate Hemophilia A or B

          -  Self-infusing or transitioning to self infusion in the home setting

          -  Already assigned responsibility of monitoring bleeding logs

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Not meeting inclusion criteria
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 12 Years old.
Subject must be at most 20 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): The patient is a 38-year-old man with cough and body ache that started 3 days ago.  He had fever and chills at the beginning and has low grade fever at the time of visit. He feels tired and sleepy. His body ache and myalgia get better after using Tylenol. The PCR test for Covid is positive. His vital signs are within normal limits with a body temperature of 37.9 C. There is no lymphadenopathy or white exudates in the pharynx.

Patient's own account: I was feeling really sick the other day, to the point that I showed up at the doctor's office. I was coughing, and my body was hurting for 3 days. I had a fever and chills and felt tired and sleepy. I got better after using Tylenol. They did a PCR Covid test on me, and it was positive! My vitals were normal, and my temperature was 37.9 C. I had no swelling around my neck or white spots on the back of my throat.

Clinical trial: The Capability of Haemato-oncology Patients to Generate Antibodies Against COVID-19

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age ≥ 18 years old

          -  Patient sex - male and female

          -  CLL, Lymphoma or Multiple Myeloma patients, in follow up or during an active treatment
             period, who have recovered from COVID19 (COVID19 recovery defined as the presence of
             two negative PCR tests), who have been vaccinated against the virus or patients who
             plan to be vaccinated against COVID19

          -  Healthy participants who have been vaccinated against the virus as a control group.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Irrelevant
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 100 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of hand tremor that started few months ago.  It is most bothering when he wants to drink from a glass or pour from a bottle. He does not smoke, but drinks occasionally. He recently started consuming more alcohol as his tremor subsides somewhat when he drinks small amounts of alcohol.  Family history is significant for similar problems in his mother.  Vital signs are normal and the patient has no other medical conditions.  Neurologic examination shows bilateral tremor in the upper extremities. The diagnosis of essential tremor is confirmed.

Patient's own account: I'm only a 60 years old man but I already suffer from shaky hands. It started a few months ago, and it really bothers me when I want to pour myself a glass or even while drinking. I don't smoke, but I drink alcohol from time to time. To be honest, I've been drinking a little more lately since it helps me with the shaking. My mom had the same issue when she was my age. The doctor took my vitals, and they were normal. I don't have any other medical issues. I underwent neurological exams and it showed that I’m shaky from both sides. The doctor diagnosed me with essential tremor.

Clinical trial: Tremor Monitoring Device

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with tremor due to Parkinson's disease or Essential tremor

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Severe dementia
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Preoperative Use of Montelukast Sodium

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  If receiving asthma treatment,

          -  If they had URTI in the last week and

          -  If LMA could not be placed at a single attempt.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 4 Years old.
Subject must be at most 8 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Shoe Inserts for Treating Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Medial knee osteoarthritis

          -  Pain

          -  No foot problems

          -  Lives in Boston, Massachusetts Metro area
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Adrenal Function in GHD Children

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  prepubertal children with overt idiopathic growth hormone deficiency

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Children with organic growth hormone deficiency or under treatment with
             glucocorticoids
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 5 Years old.
Subject must be at most 12 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department following an episode of syncope.  He was working out when he felt dizzy and passed out without head injury.  He has had 3 other episodes of light-headedness over the last year, all happening during physical activity. He never had this experience while resting. He has no other medical conditions.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  His father died suddenly at age 35.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  On physical examination, the patient has a harsh systolic murmur.  The lungs are clear with no peripheral edema. Echocardiography shows asymmetric interventricular septal hypertrophy.

Patient's own account: I'm 23, and I got admitted to the ER because I fainted all of a sudden. I was in the gym, working out, when all of a sudden, I just got dizzy and passed out. Hopefully, I didn't hit my head. It's not my first time having that kind of dizziness at the gym, never when I'm chilling at home tho. I don't have any special medical conditions and I'm not even smoking, drinking or doing drugs! My dad died suddenly when he was 35, so I'm kind of scared. My vitals were normal while at the ER and they did a physical exam and they told me my heart sounds abnormal. My lungs are ok, but I had to do an echography of my heart, and they told me it is bigger than average.

Clinical trial: The Clinical Research of the Safety and Effectiveness Evaluation for Using Echocardiography-guided Liwen RF Radiofrequency Ablation System to Treat Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Subject has pressure gradient of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) ≥50 mmHg（with
             Systolic Anterior Motion）in the resting-state or after exercise stress test.

          2. Subject with obvious clinical symptoms.

          3. Subject with New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function ≥ II grade.

          4. Subject with adequate drug treatment is not effective or cannot tolerate side effects
             of the drug.

          5. Subject was informed of the nature of the clinical study and agreed to participate in
             all the requirements of the clinical study, signed an informed consent form, and
             agreed to complete the following checks.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Subject is pregnant, lactating, or planned to conceive during a clinical study.

          2. Subject with Hypertrophic Non-obstructive Cardiomyopathy.

          3. Subject with interventricular septal thickness ≥ 30mm.

          4. Subject with Sudden Cardiac Death Index ≥ 10%.

          5. Subject combined with other heart diseases requires surgical treatment.

          6. Subject with heart failure(Defined as resting heart failure after intensive anti-heart
             failure therapy, left ventricular fraction of ejecting< 40%).
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: GERD Treatment With Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF) Following Hiatal Hernia Surgery

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with typical or atypical GERD who want a surgical solution to control
             symptoms.

          -  Patients need a 2-5 cm hiatal hernia and have a BMI of less than 36.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Hiatal hernias larger than 5 cm and BMI greater than 36.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.

Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Retrieval of Sperm From Men With Azoospermia Using Ultrasound-guided Rete Testis Aspiration

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Be a male over the age of 18

          -  Be diagnosed with azoospermia

          -  Have 2 testicles

          -  Sign an approved consent and authorization permitting the release of personal health
             information. The patient must acknowledge in writing that consent for sperm collection
             has been obtained, in accordance with institutional policies approved by the U.S.
             Department of Health and Human Services.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosed with psychological, psychiatric, or order conditions which prevent giving
             fully informed consent

          -  Diagnosed with underlying medical condition that significantly increases their risk of
             complications from this procedure
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: Self-Management of Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Radiographic evidence of hip or knee osteoarthritis

          -  Current / persistent joint symptoms (pain, aching, stiffness)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Other rheumatic disease (i.e., rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia)

          -  Hospitalization for stroke or cardiovascular event within past 3 months

          -  Metastatic cancer

          -  Active diagnosis of psychosis

          -  Terminal illness

          -  On waiting list for arthroplasty

          -  Resident of nursing home

          -  Severely impaired in hearing or speech (participants must be able to respond to phone
             calls)

          -  Significant cognitive dysfunction

          -  No access to a telephone

          -  Current participation in another interventional study for osteoarthritis
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment