Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Pharmacokinetics of Immediate-Release vs. Delayed-Release Omeprazole in Gastroparesis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Symptoms of heartburn >2 days per week off antireflux therapy, defined by "a burning
             feeling rising from the stomach or lower chest up towards the neck"

          -  Symptoms of gastroparesis >1 month in duration, defined by nausea, vomiting, bloating,
             dyspepsia, early satiety, or effortless regurgitation.

          -  Prior abnormal 4-hour gastric emptying scan within the past 3 years

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  History of esophageal or gastric surgery

          -  Severe gastroparesis with any of the following: vomiting with dehydration requiring IV
             hydration, hospitalization, weight loss >10 % pre-illness weight, requiring feeding
             jejunostomy tubes

          -  Presence of gastric electrical stimulator

          -  Symptoms of retching with vomiting more than 2 days per week

          -  Diagnosis of diabetes

          -  Disorders of small bowel motility (such as pseudo-obstruction or dumping syndrome)

          -  Disorders of small bowel absorption

          -  Diagnosis of gastric outlet, small bowel or colon mechanical obstruction

          -  Diagnosis of acid hypersecretory syndrome

          -  Disorders affecting proton pump inhibitor metabolism (such as liver failure)

          -  Known allergy or side effects to proton pump inhibitor

          -  Non-ambulatory patients: bed-ridden, nursing home resident, etc.

          -  Pregnancy
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of hand tremor that started few months ago.  It is most bothering when he wants to drink from a glass or pour from a bottle. He does not smoke, but drinks occasionally. He recently started consuming more alcohol as his tremor subsides somewhat when he drinks small amounts of alcohol.  Family history is significant for similar problems in his mother.  Vital signs are normal and the patient has no other medical conditions.  Neurologic examination shows bilateral tremor in the upper extremities. The diagnosis of essential tremor is confirmed.

Patient's own account: I'm only a 60 years old man but I already suffer from shaky hands. It started a few months ago, and it really bothers me when I want to pour myself a glass or even while drinking. I don't smoke, but I drink alcohol from time to time. To be honest, I've been drinking a little more lately since it helps me with the shaking. My mom had the same issue when she was my age. The doctor took my vitals, and they were normal. I don't have any other medical issues. I underwent neurological exams and it showed that I’m shaky from both sides. The doctor diagnosed me with essential tremor.

Clinical trial: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Motor Cortex in Essential Tremor

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        - Patients who fulfil the 2017 Movement society concusses statement criteria for essential
        tremor

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Isolated focal tremor (voice, head)

          -  Orthostatic tremor with a frequency of more than 12 Hz

          -  Task and position specific tremor

          -  Sudden onset and stepwise deterioration of tremor

          -  History of substance abuse or dependence in the past

          -  Co-morbid medical conditions capable of producing or enhancing tremors

          -  Use of a medication with potential effect on tremor

          -  History of neurological disorders, brain tumors, brain surgery or abnormal
             neurological examination

          -  Epileptic disorders

          -  Cardiac pacemakers

          -  Metallic hardware in the head or scalp (surgical clips)

          -  Eczema or skin abrasion at the intended site of stimulation

          -  Currently pregnant or plan for pregnancy in the next 6 months

          -  Patients with prior experience with tDCS

          -  Major psychosocial problems or medical problems rendering informed consent impossible
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of an acute vision disturbance. He had an episode of vision disturbance in the right eye that occurred suddenly and resolved spontaneously in 15 minutes. He also has right jaw pain while chewing.  He also complains of fatigue and hip muscle aches over the last several months.  The patient has a history of mild hyperlipidemia that has been controlled by diet and lifestyle modifications.  On examination, his blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg and pulse is 66/min.  Neurological examination is unremarkable.  Visual examination is also normal. ESR is 103 mm/h. Temporal artery biopsy shows multinuclear giant cells and internal elastic membrane fragmentation.

Patient's own account: I’m a 61-year-old man and I came to the ER because I had a sudden episode where I couldn’t see out of my right eye. It only lasted about 15 minutes and went away on its own but it really scared me. I’ve also been having pain in my right jaw when I chew. For the past few months I’ve felt really tired and noticed my hips ache a lot. I have a history of mild cholesterol issues but I’ve been managing that with my diet and lifestyle. When the doctors checked me my blood pressure and pulse were normal and my vision and neurological exams didn’t show anything wrong. However they ran some tests and said my ESR levels were very high and a biopsy of my temporal artery showed some inflammation and damage.

Clinical trial: Study of Circulating Microparticles in Giant Cell Arteritis

Eligibility criteria:
For GCA group:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Men and women ≥ 18 years of age Patient affiliated to social security regimen

          -  Informed and having signed the consent form to take part in the study.

          -  Diagnosis of GCA, meeting at least 3 of the following 5 American College of
             Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the diagnosis of GCA, including inflammatory syndrome
             and having

               -  Either temporal artery biopsy showing characteristic GCA abnormality

               -  Or inflammatory arteritis on imaging examination

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Persons under protection of the court or guardianship

          -  Inability to understand or to follow study procedures

          -  Dementia

          -  cancer diagnosed within the previous 5 years (except for non-melanoma skin cancer or
             in situ carcinoma of the cervix)non-contributory or inconclusive temporal artery
             biopsy

          -  Any conditions that might interfere with MPs level: diabetes, recent endo-arterial
             gesture, current treatment with corticosteroids.

          -  Participation in another ongoing clinical trial Current anticoagulant therapy

          -  Active infectious disease
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Effectiveness of A Nutritional Brain Metabolic Enhancer for Alzheimer Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria include:

          -  A documented diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease;

          -  MMSE score between 10 and 26 inclusive;

          -  A reliable caregiver to ensure compliance.

        Exclusion criteria include:

          -  diabetes, unstable medical illness, myocardial infarction or cancer diagnosed within
             the previous 12 months, or treatment with systemic steroids.

          -  Patients being treated for depression or other psychiatric symptomatology are
             eligible, if their symptoms are under control on a stable dose of medication
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 15-year-old boy with mild intellectual disability is brought to the office by his parents for a routine physical examination.  The boy is going to a school for students with learning disabilities.  The patient was adopted, and his immunizations are up to date.  Review of the patient's medical records is notable for cytogenetic studies that showed a small gap near the tip of the long arm of the X chromosome, which is consistent with fragile X syndrome, an X-linked disorder. The defect is an unstable expansion of trinucleotide repeats (CGG) in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene, located on the long arm of the X chromosome. He is not using any medications and vital signs are within normal levels. His blood chemistry analysis as bellow:
Blood Chemistry Value      Normal Range     Patient Value
Glucose                    90-120 mg/dl     95 mg/dl
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)  7-24 mg/dl       10 mg/dl
Creatinine                 0.7-1.4 mg/dl    0.8 mg/dl
Calcium                    8.5-10.5 mg/dl   9 mg/dl
Sodium                     134-143 mEq/L    135 mEq/L
Potassium                  3.5-4.5 mEq/L    3.7 mEq/L
Chloride                   95-108 mEq/L     98 mEq/L
CO2                        20-30 mEq/L      25 mEq/L
Blood pH                   7.38-7.42        7. 39

Patient's own account: My husband and I brought our 15-year-old son to the clinic for his routine exam. My son is going to school for special needs students. We adopted him a few years ago. His vaccinations are up to date. He already passed some chromosome testing and they found that he has a fragile X syndrome. The doctor told us that it comes from repeats in the fragile X chromosome. My son is not using any medication and his blood pressure temperature and breathing were normal during the exam. He also did a blood test. The results came back and showed that his blood sugar urea creatinine calcium sodium potassium chloride CO2 and blood pH were all within the normal range.

Clinical trial: Health Intervention for Adolescents With Intellectual Disability

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Intellectual disability

          -  Aged >= 10 years

          -  Attend Special School or Units of Special Education in Southern Queensland

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  No intellectual disability

          -  Not aged >= 10 years

          -  Do not attend Special School or Unit of Special Education in Southern Queensland
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 10 Years old.
Subject must be at most 20 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Investigation of the Effects of Physiotherapy in Patients With Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Applied Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Grade 2-3 according to Kellgren Lawrence osteoarthritis classification,

          -  Patients with knee osteoarthritis who underwent PRP injection at least three days ago,

          -  Being volunteer

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Any intra-articular application and / or physiotherapy and rehabilitation in the last
             6 months,

          -  Have any other orthopedic problems involving the lower extremities

          -  Having cognitive problems,

          -  Having additional neurological, rheumatologic and / or oncological problems
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old female has prolonged oral bleeding immediately after a tooth extraction.  Despite several interventions, the bleeding persists for hours and stops only after desmopressin (DDAVP) administration.  The patient has heavy menstrual cycles each month.  She has no other medical problems and takes no medications.  Her mother and grandmother have also had excessive bleeding during menstrual period.  Review of systems is positive for mild bruising on his legs. Laboratory findings reveal a normal platelet count and an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay, as well as CB <= 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C <= 0.40 IU/mL.

Patient's own account: I'm a 23 woman and I went to the ER because of non-stop bleeding after my tooth extraction. I tried to make the bleeding stop but it just kept going for hours and it finally stopped when I took some medication called DDAVP. I usually have heavy periods, just like my mom and grandma had. I don't have any other medical condition and I don't take any other medication. The doctor noticed the bruises on my legs. I had to do some lab tests. I had a normal platelet count but an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay. I had low CB and FVIII:C levels.

Clinical trial: Prevalence of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Female Population Living in Beijing

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Females aged between 18 and 50 years (inclusive)

          -  Stay in Beijing for more than 6 months

          -  Signed ICF was obtained

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Not achieve the menarche

          -  With the last menstruation more than one year ago

          -  Experienced amenorrhea, currently take hormone therapy to induce menstruation

          -  Had undergone a hysterectomy

          -  Currently breastfeeding a baby

          -  Being pregnant
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 7-month-old boy is brought to emergency by his parents due to irritability and inability to defecate for the past 3 days.  The patient has had constipation and discomfort with bowel movements since birth.  His symptoms worsened after eating semi-solid foods.  Vital signs are normal.  Abdominal examination shows distension and tenderness to palpation with presence of bowel sounds.  Xray with barium shows a narrow rectum and rectosigmoid area.  The rest of the colon proximal to this segment is dilated. Digital rectal exam revealed burst of feces out of the anus. The biopsy showed absence of submucosal ganglia in the last segment of the large intestine.

Patient's own account: My baby boy just turned 7 months old but my wife and I cannot get a hold of him! He has not been able to poop for 3 days! My poor little thing has been having constipation and bowel problems since birth. But since he ate some semi-solid food it has just been worse! The doctor said his vitals are normal but his belly is tense and tender with his bowels making noise. They did an X-ray and found out that he had a narrow rectum. His colon is dilated. They also performed a touch rectal exam and he could finally poop! The biopsy revealed that there is no submucosal ganglia in his large intestine.

Clinical trial: Genetic Mosaicism in Hirschsprung's Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  All children with Hirschsprung's disease that will receive a corrective pull through
             procedure

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  None
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Subject must be at most 18 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) on the Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) and Efficacy Measures in Hypogonadal Men

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Men between 45 and 80 years age

          -  Participants with low serum testosterone concentrations (< 300 ng/dL) who exhibit at
             least one sign or symptom of hypogonadism and have evidence of cardiovascular (CV)
             disease or are at an increased risk for CV disease.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Participants with congenital or acquired hypogonadism for whom long-term therapy with
             placebo would not be medically appropriate

          -  Participants with prostate specific antigen (PSA) > 3.0 ng/mL (or 1.5 if on 5-alpha
             reductase inhibitors)

          -  Participants who have been treated with testosterone in the past 6 months and for whom
             testosterone therapy is contraindicated

          -  Confirmed testosterone < 100 ng/dL

          -  Body Mass Index (BMI) > 50

          -  Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) > 11%

          -  Hematocrit (Hct) > 50%

          -  Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min

          -  History of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism or prostate cancer or heart
             failure (Class III and IV).
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Tissue Bank for Exon Skipping

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age 4 and above

          -  Diagnosis of DMD with a confirmed out-of-frame dystrophin gene deletions that could be
             corrected by skipping exon 45, 51, or 53 based on past genetic testing.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Investigator assessment of inability to comply with blood and skin sample collection
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 4 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment