Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: The Effectivenes of Family Club Denmark #Strongertogether

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Family with at least one child 2-12 years old.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Not able to fill out questionnaires in Danish
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers



Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 27-year-old woman comes to the dermatology clinic with skin rash and oral ulcers.  The rashes are mildly itchy. The patient has no other medical conditions and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  On examination, there are pink papules symmetrically distributed over the anterior surfaces of the shins and ankles. There are some white ulcerated papules on her buccal mucosa. She is in relationship with her boyfriend and has only one sexual partner. Her boyfriend uses condoms. She smokes 1 to 2 cigarettes a day and drinks a beer daily. Biopsy reveals prominent hyperkeratosis with a thickened granular layer.  There is an infiltration of mononuclear cells in the superficial dermis that involves the overlying epidermis. The rete ridges have a sawtooth appearance.

Patient's own account: I went to the dermatologist because I had rashes on my skin and ulcers in my mouth. The rashes were not that itchy. I don't get it! I'm 27, I don't take medication, nor I don't have any other illnesses. My vitals were normal. My doc told me there were pink spots on the back of my throat. I'm heterosexual and have been only with my boyfriend and he uses condoms. I smoke 1 or 2 cigarettes a day and I drink a beer to accompany it. I had a biopsy and it showed some thick and grainy skin texture. The doc said it's an immune reaction.

Clinical trial: Photobiomodulation in Oral Lichen Planus

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  The participants in this study will be male and female (aged over 18 years) diagnosed
             with symptomatic oral lichen planus, based on the clinical and histopathological
             criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with ongoing cancer; pregnant or breastfeeding women; patients with history
             of corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment in the last one
             months, patients with uncontrolled systemic disease; consumption of illicit drugs; use
             of medication associated with oral lichenoid reactions; amalgam restoration near to
             OLP lesions; epithelial dysplasia in the histopathological examination.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: Comparative Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Coded Polyherbal Medicine for the Management of Arthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients suffering from Arthritis

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with Hypertension, Cardiovascular disorders and Kidney disorders were
             excluded
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 15 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old female has prolonged oral bleeding immediately after a tooth extraction.  Despite several interventions, the bleeding persists for hours and stops only after desmopressin (DDAVP) administration.  The patient has heavy menstrual cycles each month.  She has no other medical problems and takes no medications.  Her mother and grandmother have also had excessive bleeding during menstrual period.  Review of systems is positive for mild bruising on his legs. Laboratory findings reveal a normal platelet count and an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay, as well as CB <= 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C <= 0.40 IU/mL.

Patient's own account: I'm a 23 woman and I went to the ER because of non-stop bleeding after my tooth extraction. I tried to make the bleeding stop but it just kept going for hours and it finally stopped when I took some medication called DDAVP. I usually have heavy periods, just like my mom and grandma had. I don't have any other medical condition and I don't take any other medication. The doctor noticed the bruises on my legs. I had to do some lab tests. I had a normal platelet count but an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay. I had low CB and FVIII:C levels.

Clinical trial: Study Evaluating A Novel Ibuprofen Formulation In The Treatment Of Dental Pain

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Normal, healthy males and females 16 to 40 years of age

          -  Outpatients who have moderate to severe post-operative pain (confirmed by a Visual
             Analog Scale-Pain Severity Rating [VAS-PSR] score of at least 50 mm on a 100 mm VAS
             PSR) following surgical extraction of two or more third molars, at least one of which
             must be a partial or complete bony mandibular impaction

          -  Use of only the following pre-operative medication(s)/anesthetic(s): topical
             benzocaine, a short acting parenteral (local) anesthetic (mepivacaine or lidocaine)
             with or without vasoconstrictor and/or nitrous oxide

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnancy or breast-feeding

          -  Alcohol or substance abuse

          -  Any serious medical or psychiatric disorder

          -  History of stomach ulcers, stomach bleed, or other bleeding disorders

          -  Use of a prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) drug with which administration of
             ibuprofen or any other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); acetaminophen
             (APAP); or codeine or any other opioid is contraindicated (including: opioids,
             antipsychotics, antianxiety agents, or other central nervous system depressants
             [including alcohol])
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 16 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 43-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, comes to the clinic complaining of recently painful menstrual cycles.  The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Urine β-hCG is negative. Menarche was at age 12, and menstrual periods occur every 28 days and lasts for 5 days.  She is sexually active with her husband and does not have pain with intercourse. BMI is 23 kg/m2 and Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the uterus is uniformly enlarged and tender. She is candidate for hysterectomy with the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Patient's own account: I'm 43, and I paid a visit to my doctor because my last few periods were insanely painful. My last periods were 2 weeks ago. I already had three pregnancies that gave me the three lovely children. I did a urine test to check for potential pregnancy, and it came back negative. I started to have my periods at the age of 12, and I have been pretty regular with periods every 28 days for 5 days. I'm sexually active with my husband and I do not have any pain when we have sex. My BMI is 23 and my vitals were normal. The doctor performed a physical exam and found that my uterus was tender and enlarged. She proposed me a hysterectomy and diagnosed me with adenomyosis.

Clinical trial: Popular Diets Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2

          -  Willing and able to come to the GCRC 5 days per week to consume a supervised meal and
             pick-up food for all other meals

          -  Available for scheduled hospital admissions

          -  Willing to abstain from alcohol consumption for the duration of the study

          -  If female, regular menstrual cycles (defined as 26 to 30 days between cycles; no more
             than one day variation in the duration of menstrual flow)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Weight > 350 lbs

          -  Change in body weight (± 10%) over preceding year

          -  Taking any medications or dietary supplements that might affect body weight, appetite,
             or energy expenditure

          -  Smoking (1 cigarette in the last week)

          -  High levels of physical activity

          -  Currently following a special diet

          -  Abnormal laboratory screening tests

          -  Type 2 diabetes mellitus

          -  Allergies or aversions to foods on the study menu

          -  Previous diagnosis of an eating disorder or any other mental health disorder

          -  If female, pregnant in the past 12 months or planning to become pregnant during the
             study period

          -  If female, lactating in the preceding 12 months

          -  If taking birth control medication, change in medication in previous 3 months or plans
             to change medication during the study period
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the office due to weight gain and fatigue.  He is not able to lift heavy objects or climb stairs. Family history is positive for DM type 2 and HTN in his father.  Blood pressure is 165/90 mm Hg and pulse is 85/min.  On physical examination, there is symmetric proximal muscle weakness of the upper and lower extremities.  Fasting plasma glucose level is 138 mg/dL and 24-hour urinary cortisol is twice the upper normal limit.  Further evaluation reveals that high-dose, but not low-dose, dexamethasone suppresses serum cortisol levels.  Serum ACTH levels are high-normal. This patient's findings are consistent with endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old man. I went to the clinic because I had been gaining weight and had increased fatigue over the past few weeks. I was not able to lift heavy objects or even climb the stairs. My dad was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. During the exam, they took my blood pressure, which was 165/90 mm Hg, and my pulse was 85/min. They found out that I have weaknesses in both of my arms and legs. I also did a blood test on an empty stomach, and I had a glucose level of 138 mg/dL, and twice the upper normal limit of cortisol. I had high-normal levels of ACTH. The doctor said I suffer from endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Clinical trial: Adrenal Venous Sampling in Patients With Overt or Subclinical Cushings Syndrome, and Bilateral Adrenal Tumors

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Benign tumors/adenomas in the adrenals and biochemically overproduction of cortisol

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Use of steroids ( tablets, inhalations, lotions)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Assessing the Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Intercritical Gout

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Adult patients with gout diagnosed by a Rheumatologist.

          2. patients with a history of at least two gout attacks in the target joint

          3. Patients with a target joint amenable to biopsy. Target joint defined as:

        Joint that has been affected by acute gout attack at least twice in the 12 months prior to
        enrollment.

        Ultrasound finds grade 2 gray-scale synovitis in joint. Joint is amenable to biopsy. At the
        time of enrollment, the joint is without signs of acute inflammation: redness, swelling,
        and severe pain (>7/10).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Patients on anti-coagulation therapy.

          2. Patients with an active infection.

          3. Tophus present at the biopsy site.

          4. Target joint with signs of acute gout attack (pain >7/10, redness, warmth)

          5. Known chondrocalcinosis
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Use of Human Fibrin Glue Versus Staples for Mesh Fixation in Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Hernioplasty

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  primary hernia repair (no re-operation for recurrent hernia)

          -  good compliance can be expected

          -  informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  chronic pain

          -  acute pain requiring analgesic others than paracetamol or more than a single dose
             non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs treatment within 48 h before surgery

          -  current treatment with psychopharmaceutical drugs

          -  mental incapacity

          -  known incompatibility (allergies) with the Tisseel compounds
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department following an episode of syncope.  He was working out when he felt dizzy and passed out without head injury.  He has had 3 other episodes of light-headedness over the last year, all happening during physical activity. He never had this experience while resting. He has no other medical conditions.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  His father died suddenly at age 35.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  On physical examination, the patient has a harsh systolic murmur.  The lungs are clear with no peripheral edema. Echocardiography shows asymmetric interventricular septal hypertrophy.

Patient's own account: I'm 23, and I got admitted to the ER because I fainted all of a sudden. I was in the gym, working out, when all of a sudden, I just got dizzy and passed out. Hopefully, I didn't hit my head. It's not my first time having that kind of dizziness at the gym, never when I'm chilling at home tho. I don't have any special medical conditions and I'm not even smoking, drinking or doing drugs! My dad died suddenly when he was 35, so I'm kind of scared. My vitals were normal while at the ER and they did a physical exam and they told me my heart sounds abnormal. My lungs are ok, but I had to do an echography of my heart, and they told me it is bigger than average.

Clinical trial: Echocardiography-guided Transthoracic Radio Frequency/Laser Ablation for Ventricular Septum of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Subject who cannot tolerate ventricular septum resection or transcatheter ethanol
             ablation and volunteer for the operation

          -  Subject meets HOCM diagnosis standards verified by the echocardiogram; the obstruction
             is located in the basal part of ventricular septum

          -  Subject has significant clinical symptoms, including progressively increasing fatigue,
             angina, exertional dyspnea, and syncope; subject receives poor effect after drug
             therapy or cannot tolerate side effects of medication

          -  Subject has pressure gradient of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) ≥50 mmHg（with
             Systolic Anterior Motion）in the resting-state or after exercise stress test

          -  Subject over 18 years old

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Subject has non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

          -  Subject has combined cerebral vascular diseases

          -  Subject has diseases that must receive surgeries, including severe mitral valve
             lesions and coronary heart disease which requires coronary artery bypass grafting.

          -  Subject has end-stage heart failure

          -  Subject has intraventricular septal thickness (IVST) ≥ 30mm
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment