Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Gentamicin Treatment of Muscular Dystrophy

Eligibility criteria:
Diagnosis of DMD or Becker muscular dystrophy with confirmed dystrophin nonsense mutation.

        Measurable limb or pulmonary weakness.

        Signed consent.

        Must not have a history of hypersensitivity reaction to an aminoglycoside.

        Must not have abnormal baseline hearing.

        Must not have abnormal baseline kidney function or serum creatinine level.

        Must not be currently enrolled in another clinical trial.

        Must not have recent (within past 3 months) initiation of prednisone or creatinine therapy.

        Must not have a history of significant concomitant illness.

        Must not have concomitant use of aminoglycoside or other nephrotoxic agent.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: Level of Middle Cranial Fossa Dura in Patients With Cholesteatoma

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  All adults above the age of 18 presented to the Assiut university Clinic with

        cholesteatoma will be included in the study.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Patients with previous mastoid surgery

          2. Patients with Craniofacial anomalies or cleft lip and palate

          3. Pediatric populations ≤ 18 years old

          4. Patients with congenital ear anomalies
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department following an episode of syncope.  He was working out when he felt dizzy and passed out without head injury.  He has had 3 other episodes of light-headedness over the last year, all happening during physical activity. He never had this experience while resting. He has no other medical conditions.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  His father died suddenly at age 35.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  On physical examination, the patient has a harsh systolic murmur.  The lungs are clear with no peripheral edema. Echocardiography shows asymmetric interventricular septal hypertrophy.

Patient's own account: I'm 23, and I got admitted to the ER because I fainted all of a sudden. I was in the gym, working out, when all of a sudden, I just got dizzy and passed out. Hopefully, I didn't hit my head. It's not my first time having that kind of dizziness at the gym, never when I'm chilling at home tho. I don't have any special medical conditions and I'm not even smoking, drinking or doing drugs! My dad died suddenly when he was 35, so I'm kind of scared. My vitals were normal while at the ER and they did a physical exam and they told me my heart sounds abnormal. My lungs are ok, but I had to do an echography of my heart, and they told me it is bigger than average.

Clinical trial: Hyp Obst Cardiomyopathy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. All patients that present with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) with
             mean pressure gradient>50 mm Hg at rest or on provocation

          2. HOCM patients with severe mitral regurgitation.

          3. HOCM patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II to IV despite
             optimal medical treatment consisting of -blocking agents, calcium channel blockers, or
             both.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        b. Exclusion criteria:

          1. Non-obstructive physiological characteristics.

          2. Previous MV surgery.

          3. Patient with intrinsic pathology of the mitral valve.

          4. Patients <18 years.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the office for routine checkup. He is complaining of chronic cough and occasional but progressive dyspnea.  Other medical conditions include hypertension and osteoarthritis.  The patient smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and does not use alcohol or illicit drugs.  He used to be a construction worker. On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of both lungs.  Chest CT scan reveals a mild bilateral pleural effusion and diffuse thickening of the pleura. The patient's documents show chronic exposure to asbestosis. The specimen of the lungs reveled  pulmonary fibrosis that is most predominant in the lower lobes, characterized  by the presence of asbestos bodies (golden-brown beaded rods with translucent centers).

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old former construction worker. I'm a man and I smoke a pack of cigs a day but I don't drink or do drugs. I went to my routine checkup because I've been coughing so much lately. I also had shortness of breath and it got worse over time. I already suffer from hypertension and osteoarthritis. My doctor found that I have decreased breath sounds. I did a chest scan and it seems that I have fluid around my lungs, and the lining of my lungs has become thicker in many areas. I have been exposed a lot to asbestos fibers. The other lung exam showed that I have pulmonary fibrosis, especially in the lower part of my lungs and they found some asbestos there.

Clinical trial: Diagnosis and Classification of Pleural Diseases Using Ultrasound Channel Data

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Healthy volunteers

          -  Volunteers with active Pneumothorax, detected by prior imaging studies up to 24 hours
             before the ultrasound scan

          -  Volunteers with active Pleural effusion, detected by prior imaging studies up to 48
             hours before the ultrasound scan ult

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Volunteers with the aforementioned diagnosis, which was not detected during the actual
             ultrasound exam

          -  Volunteers who expressed their desire to be excluded from the study at any given time
             point.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 33-year-old woman comes to clinic complaining of progressive fatigue, decreased appetite, and 11-lb weight loss in the past 2 months.  She uses levothyroxine because of the previously diagnosed Hashimoto disease. She has no other medical conditions and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Physical examination shows a generalized increase in pigmentation of the skin.  Measurement of serum cortisol before and after administration of exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) shows no difference in the levels. Stable glucocorticoid replacement therapy starts for her with the diagnosis for primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I was really suffering from fatigue and decreased appetite and I also lost 11 pounds over the past two months. I'm just 33 years old so that's not normal, especially for a woman. I take levothyroxine because I have been diagnosed with Hashimoto disease. I don't have any other medical condition, and I don't smoke I don't drink, and I don't do drugs. They also did my physical examination and they saw that I had an increase in pigmentation of my skin. They measured my cortisol level before and after giving me some ACTH hormone, and the results came back with no difference whatsoever. The doctor told me I have Addison disease and put me under glucocorticoid therapy.

Clinical trial: Gallium-68 Labeled Pentixafor PET/CT in Adrenal Masses

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Written informed consent.

          -  Patients with adrenal diseases.

          -  A diagnostic computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the
             adrenal region within the previous 6 months prior to dosing day is available

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnant or breast-feeding women.

          -  Prior or planned administration of a radiopharmaceutical within 8 half-lives of the
             radionuclide used on such radiopharmaceutical including at any time during the current
             study.

          -  Any mental condition rendering the patient unable to understand the nature, scope and
             possible consequences of the study, and/or evidence of an uncooperative attitude
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: Safety of a New Type of Treatment Called Gene Transfer for the Treatment of Severe Hemophilia B

Eligibility criteria:
-  Males with severe hemophilia B with Factor IX activity level < 1% of normal.

          -  Life expectancy of > 1 year.

          -  Age > 18 years old.

          -  Ability to give informed consent.

          -  Greater than twenty exposure days of treatment with Factor IX protein.

          -  No history or presence of an inhibitor to Factor IX protein.

          -  Subjects must be able to receive Factor IX protein on a home infusion protocol.

          -  Subjects must have a normal protime (PT).

          -  Hepatitis C infected subjects will be evaluated for liver fibrosis based on liver
             biopsy data graded on a scale of 0-4 (Poynard et. al., 1997). Subjects who are
             Hepatitis C antibody and RNA positive and have not had a liver biopsy within the last
             36 months will be required to have one.

          -  Subjects must have low AAV titer.
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Effect of Growth Hormone on Early Brain Development in Girls With Turner Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosis of Turner syndrome

          -  Less than the 50th percentile for length for the general female population

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Prior Growth Hormone (GH) therapy

          -  Diabetes

          -  Allergy to metacresol (a preservative in the GH liquid that is injected)

          -  Contraindications for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (such as metal in the body)

          -  Part of a Y chromosome in child's karyotype

          -  Parent/guardian is not willing for child to be randomized to be in the treatment group
             (receives Growth Hormone injections for one year) or the control group (receives no
             Growth Hormone during the study)

          -  Parent/guardian is not willing for child to have some of her developmental testing
             digitally recorded for scoring
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 11 Months old.
Subject must be at most 13 Months

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the clinic for the follow up of his neuromuscular disease. He experienced gradual, progressive weakness of the left upper extremity over the last year.  Over the last few months, he has also noticed weakness in the right upper extremity.  BP is 120/75, PR is 80 and temperature is 37 C. Reflexes are brisk in the upper extremities, and the plantar responses are extensor.  Mild gait ataxia is present. The patient is under treatment of Riluzole 50 mg BID with the diagnosis of ALS.

Patient's own account: I've been suffering from a neuromuscular disease for a while now, and I went to my doctor's office. I'm now a 47-year-old man and over the past year I experienced a progressive and gradual weakness of my left upper extremity, and over the past month, I also noticed a weakness over my right upper extremity. My heart rate was 120/75, and my  PR was 80 with 37°C for temperature. My reflexes are not good in my upper extremities, and I have trouble with my balance. I'm also under Exservan 50 mg for my sclerosis.

Clinical trial: A Pilot Trial of Triheptanoin for People With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (PALS)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Lab supported probable or more definite ALS by El Escorial Criteria

          2. Age greater than or equal to 18 years

          3. Willing and able to provide informed consent

          4. On riluzole at a stable dose for at least 30d or not taking this

          5. On Radicava at a stable dose for at least 30d or not taking this

          6. Life expectancy at least 6 months

          7. Currently managed on a reasonably stable diet, avoidance of fasting, carnitine or
             medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oils

          8. Must stop any other experimental ALS treatment for at least 30 days prior to screening

          9. If sexually active, must agree to use contraceptive or abstinence for duration of
             treatment with triheptanoin

         10. Females of child bearing age must have negative pregnancy test at screening

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Unwilling or unable to provide informed consent

          2. Previous intolerance or adverse reaction to triheptanoin or MCT

          3. Conditions that will prohibit MRI scanning (metal in eye, some surgical implants,
             claustrophobia, inability to lie supine)

          4. Have any other co-morbid conditions that in the opinion of the study investigator,
             places the participant at increased risk of complications, interferes with study
             participation or compliance, or confounds study objectives
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Effect of Coffee on Gastro-Esophageal Disease in Patients With Symptoms of Reflux

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  persons undergoing wireless pH testing for diagnosis and treatment of GERD

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  those under the age of 18

          -  pregnant and lactating women

          -  those who do not meet the inclusion criteria
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: A Multicenter Clinical Trial on Laparoscopic Gastric Cancer Surgery Compared With Open Surgery

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. 18 years ~ 75 years;

          2. the primary adenocarcinoma (papillary adenocarcinoma, tubular adenocarcinoma, mucinous
             adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma);

          3. clinical stage T2-4a, N0-3, M0 (according to AJCC-7th TNM staging);

          4. to perform distal gastrectomy, D2 lymph node dissection surgical can obtain R0
             resection (multiple primary cancers also apply)

          5. ECOG performance status 0/1;

          6. ASA score I-III;

          7. patient informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. pregnant or lactating women;

          2. serious mental illness;

          3. upper abdominal surgery (except laparoscopic cholecystectomy );

          4. gastric surgery (including for gastric ESD / EMR);

          5. imaging examinations showed regional integration lymph nodes (maximum diameter ≥ 3cm)

          6. other malignant diseases in 5 years;

          7. implemented or recommended neoadjuvant therapy in patients with gastric cancer ;

          8. have unstable angina or myocardial infarction within six months; (9) have cerebral
             infarction or cerebral hemorrhage within 6 months; (10) sustained systemic
             glucocorticoid treatment history within 1 month; (11) have other diseases needed
             operative treatment at the same time; (12) complications (bleeding, perforation,
             obstruction) required emergency surgery; (13) Pulmonary function tests FEV1 <50% of
             predicted value.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment