Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Preoperative Etanercept Before Inguinal Hernia Surgery

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Demonstrable hernia evident using ultrasound, computed tomography, or on physical
             exam.

          2. Pt scheduled for unilateral inguinal hernia repair.

          3. Symptoms present for < 6 months.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Non-elective surgery.

          2. Previous hernia repair at the same site, or surgery near the site of the hernia.

          3. Demyelinating neurological disease.

          4. Current or recent (< 6 years) history of substance abuse.

          5. Pregnancy, which will be ruled out by a urine pregnancy test in women of childbearing
             age.

          6. Pre-existing untreated psychiatric condition that could preclude an optimal treatment
             response (e.g. untreated posttraumatic stress disorder).

          7. Unstable medical condition (e.g. unstable angina or congestive heart failure or
             severe).

          8. Rheumatoid arthritis, or other systemic conditions that might respond to TNF
             inhibitors.

          9. Pt is immunosuppressed or is taking other drugs (e.g. corticosteroids) that might
             suppress the immune system.

         10. Systemic infection.

         11. Any opioid analgesics within 48 hours of skin incision.

         12. Any use of tricyclic antidepressants, serotoninin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors,
             or anticonvulsants within 72 hours of skin incision.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Wedged Orthoses and Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosed unilateral knee osteoarthritis by a qualified physician

          -  Recent (within 3 months of entrance into the study) radiographic confirmation of OA
             grade (I-IV) as evidenced by joint space narrowing and the presence of osteophytes

          -  A score of 50-90 mm on a 100 mm visual analogue pain scale for walking

          -  Ability to walk independently without the use of assistive devices

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  History of lower extremity joint surgery or other lower extremity injury that would
             hinder ambulation

          -  Severe foot deformity that would prevent the accommodation of the wedged orthotic
             device

          -  Other disease process such as neurologic, cardiac, or oncologic, that would hinder
             one's ability to ambulate

          -  Any condition, such as diabetes, that results in loss of sensation in the lower
             extremities
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Alzheimer's Disease Treatment With Combination of 40Hz Light and Cognitive Therapy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Alzheimer's disease

          -  Cognitive Impairment

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  any previously noted epileptic seizures, including febrile seizures.

          -  any significant disease of the eye, such as macular degeneration. Since the 40Hz light
             therapy is delivered via eye stimulation, healthy eyes are required.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 15-year-old boy with mild intellectual disability is brought to the office by his parents for a routine physical examination.  The boy is going to a school for students with learning disabilities.  The patient was adopted, and his immunizations are up to date.  Review of the patient's medical records is notable for cytogenetic studies that showed a small gap near the tip of the long arm of the X chromosome, which is consistent with fragile X syndrome, an X-linked disorder. The defect is an unstable expansion of trinucleotide repeats (CGG) in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene, located on the long arm of the X chromosome. He is not using any medications and vital signs are within normal levels. His blood chemistry analysis as bellow:
Blood Chemistry Value      Normal Range     Patient Value
Glucose                    90-120 mg/dl     95 mg/dl
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)  7-24 mg/dl       10 mg/dl
Creatinine                 0.7-1.4 mg/dl    0.8 mg/dl
Calcium                    8.5-10.5 mg/dl   9 mg/dl
Sodium                     134-143 mEq/L    135 mEq/L
Potassium                  3.5-4.5 mEq/L    3.7 mEq/L
Chloride                   95-108 mEq/L     98 mEq/L
CO2                        20-30 mEq/L      25 mEq/L
Blood pH                   7.38-7.42        7. 39

Patient's own account: My husband and I brought our 15-year-old son to the clinic for his routine exam. My son is going to school for special needs students. We adopted him a few years ago. His vaccinations are up to date. He already passed some chromosome testing and they found that he has a fragile X syndrome. The doctor told us that it comes from repeats in the fragile X chromosome. My son is not using any medication and his blood pressure temperature and breathing were normal during the exam. He also did a blood test. The results came back and showed that his blood sugar urea creatinine calcium sodium potassium chloride CO2 and blood pH were all within the normal range.

Clinical trial: Brain Network Activation and Gait and Posture in FXTAS

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  FMR1 premutation carriers (55-200 CGG repeats)

          -  symptomatic (with possible or probable FXTAS) or neurologically asymptomatic.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Severe disability unable to perform tests

          -  treatment with neuroleptics

          -  other brain disease or pathology

          -  deafness or blindness
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Adductor Canal Block Versus Intra-articular Steroid and Lignocaine in Knee Osteoarthritis Pain Management

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis according to criteria of American College of
             Rheumatology

               -  Antero-medial knee pain of at least 6 months duration

               -  Matching symptoms with Knee X-ray findings of KOA

               -  Kellgran-Lawrence staging of 2-4

               -  Pain score of at least NRS(Numerical Rating Scale) 4/10 during weight bearing

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Presence of other knee diseases such as fracture or rheumatic diseases

          -  Referred pain from the back suggestive of lumbar radiculopathy

          -  Previous knee surgery

          -  Lateral knee pain

          -  History of knee joint injections (Intra-articular injections or ACB) within 3 months
             of study

          -  Neuropathic knee pain

          -  Unable to give consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Ultrasound Study by Texturization as a Predictor of Pregnancy in Oocyte Donation Programs

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 30 kg/m2

          -  Not taking the contraceptive pill in a previous cycle

          -  Non-pregnant: beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test with negative result at the
             beginning of the study)

          -  No previous history of inflammatory diseases, circulatory diseases, abdomen or pelvic
             diseases

          -  Physical gynecological exploration without pathological findings

          -  Gynecological ultrasound study of the uterus with a normal result

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Ultrasound studies with technical defects in image acquisition

          -  Simultaneous participation in other studies

          -  Previous participation in other study which can affect the results of the present
             study
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 49 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: A Randomized Phase 3 Study to Evaluate Two Formulations of Romosozumab in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture defined as

          -  BMD T-score ≤ -2.50 at the lumbar spine, total hip, or femoral neck AND

          -  a history of fragility fracture or at least 2 other risk factors

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  BMD T score < -3.50 at the total hip or femoral neck.

          -  History of hip fracture.

          -  History of metabolic or bone disease (except osteoporosis).

          -  Use of agents affecting bone metabolism.

          -  Vitamin D insufficiency.

          -  History of solid organ or bone marrow transplants.

          -  Hyper- or hypocalcemia.

          -  Hyper- or hypothyroidism.

          -  Hyper- or hypoparathyroidism.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 55 Years old.
Subject must be at most 90 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: SVV and PPV Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Mechanically Ventilated Elderly Patients Under General Anesthesia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  1.Patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery 2.Age between 18 and 80 3.ASA I ~II.
             4.BMI 18 ~ 24 kg/m2

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  1.arrhythmias 2.intracardiac shunts 3.severe hypertension (SBP ≥ 160 mmHg or DBP ≥ 100
             mmHg) 4.pulmonary hypertension 5.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 6.peripheral
             vascular obstructive disease 7.receiving long-term treatment with vasopressors.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 16 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: TEP Versus Open Minimal Suture Repair for the Sportsman's Groin

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  both males and females either professional or non-professional athletes or physically
             active adults

          -  age 18-50 years

          -  unilateral or bilateral complains (in bilateral pain both sides are to be operated and
             the randomization is on patient level and not hernia level)

          -  chronic dull, diffuse groin pain lasting > 6weeks

          -  history, physical examination and MRI indicating sportsman's hernia/athletic pubalgia

          -  pain above inguinal ligament in the deep inguinal ring, may radiate inner thigh,
             scrotum or pubic bone

          -  minor radiating pain can be at adductor origin or symphysis pubis

          -  grade I-II edema at pubic symphysis on MRI scan is allowed (can be secondary after
             groin disruption)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  patients not willing to participate

          -  inguinal or femoral hernia

          -  MRI reveals other major pathology (bursitis, hip injury, stress fracture etc)

          -  isolated adductor tendonitis with groin pain below inguinal ligament

          -  femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI)

          -  isolated severe osteitis pubis (marked x-ray changes; grade III edema in MRI)

          -  former surgery to the actual groin

          -  allergy to polypropylene or other contra-indication to surgery
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Ovarian Stimulation Using Recombinant Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonist in Alternate Days

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  women of good physical and mental health

          -  under 37 years old, with regular menstrual cycles of 25-35 days

          -  normal basal FSH and LH levels

          -  BMI less than 30 kg/m2

          -  presence of both ovaries and intact uterus

          -  absence of polycystic ovaries

          -  endometriosis, or gynaecological / medical disorders and a negative result in a
             screening for sexually transmitted diseases

          -  all patients signed a written informed consent form

          -  no patient had received any hormone therapy for at least 60 days preceding the study.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.

Subject must be at most 35 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction