Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Improving the Quality of Patient Care by Using a Clinical Expert System.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  All inpatients in a hospital environment

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Inability to give an informed consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 51-year-old man comes to the office complaining of fatigue and some sexual problems including lack of libido. The patient doesn't smoke or use any illicit drug.  Blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg and pulse is 70/min.  Oxygen saturation is 99% on room air.  BMI is 24 kg/m2.  Skin examination shows increased pigmentation. Genotype testing is consistent with homozygosity for the C282Y mutation. Laboratory study shows transferrin saturation of 55% and serum ferritin of 550 μg/L. He is diagnosed as a case of hemochromatosis.

Patient's own account: I am 51 years old and I just came back from the doctor's office. I'm sick and tired of being that exhausted, reaching the point where me and my lovely wife are not touching each other anymore! I'm not smoking or doing drugs! My blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg, and pulse was 70/min and my oxygen saturation 99%. My BMI is 24. My skin also turned a bit darker lately. He tested my genes and told me that I have a mutation of the C282Y gene. I also did lab tests where my transferrin saturation was 55% and serum ferritin was 550  μg/L. The doctor diagnosed me with iron overload.

Clinical trial: Rare Iron Overloads Except C282Y Homozygosity : Description and Characterization.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

          -  Biological profile suggesting hepcidin deficiency:

               -  high serum iron (> 25μmol / l) checked at least 2 times.

               -  increased transferrin saturation coefficient (> 50 %) checked at least 2 times,
                  and calculated from transferrinemia.

          -  Proved hepatic iron overload: using a dosage of iron hepatic concentration either on
             hepatic biopsy, or by MRI according to the method of iron overload quantification. A
             threshold of 100 µmol / g is set.

          -  Patient's written consent for examination and collection of genetic data to set the
             diagnosis.

        Non inclusion criteria:

          -  HFE hemochromatosis: C282Y/C282Y homozygosity

          -  Treatment by iterative phlebotomies (more than 2 phlebotomies)

          -  Hematological diseases with dyserythropoiesis and/or repeated transfusions

          -  Low haptoglobin level, suggesting chronic hemolysis or myelodysplasia

          -  Long-term iron oral and/or parenteral supplementation
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Remifentanil-dexmedetomidine Anesthesia With a Caudal for Elective Surgery. (Remi-dex)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Children aged 1 - 3 years undergoing urologic surgery (circumcision, hydrocele repair,
             orchidopexy, mild hypospadias) or inguinal hernia repair

          -  American Society of Anesthesiologist Physical Status (ASA-PS) I or II

          -  Eligible for caudal block

          -  Parental/legal guardian consents for study '

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Allergy to remifentanil, dexmedetomidine or ropivacaine

          -  Family history of malignant hyperthermia

          -  Parental/legal guardian refusal

          -  ASA-PS ≥ 3

          -  Symptoms of upper respiratory infection (URI) within the 2 weeks prior to surgery

          -  Known spinal deformity, presence of sacral dimple, or signs of infection at the site
             of the caudal block (e.g. diaper rash, skin redness or tenderness).
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 1 Year old.
Subject must be at most 3 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: Development and Assessment of a Spanish-Language Hearing Loss Toolkit for Self-Management

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Participants will include community-dwelling, Spanish-speaking (monolingual or
             bilingual) adults over age 50 who self-identify as Hispanic/Latino

          2. Clinically-significant hearing loss defined as either greater than 25 decibels hearing
             leve (dB HL) thresholds at 2 or more frequencies from 250 - 8000 hertz (Hz) and/or
             significant self-reported hearing difficulties as defined by a score of greater than 8
             on the Hearing Handicap Inventory - Screening measure for adults/elderly.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Individuals who are not fluent Spanish-speakers or who do not self-identify as
             Hispanic/Latino are not eligible to participate in this study.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: A Study to Test if TVB-009P is Effective in Relieving Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Postmenopausal womeen (≥60 and ≤90 years) with a diagnosis of osteoporosis

          -  Body weight ≥50 kg and ≤90 kg

          -  Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measurement T score of less than 2.5 but not less than 4.0
             by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine at screening

          -  At least 3 vertebrae in the L1 L4 region that are evaluable by dual-energy X-ray
             absorptiometry (DXA)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  One severe or more than two moderate vertebral fractures

          -  History and/or presence of hip fracture or atypical femur fracture

          -  Any prior treatment with denosumab

          -  Ongoing use of any bone active drugs which can affect Bone Mineral Density (BMD)

          -  Vitamin D deficiency or hyper- or hypocalcemiacium at screening

          -  Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism or hyperparathyroidism

          -  Any medical condition that could jeopardize or would compromise the patient's safety
             or ability to participate in this study

        Other Inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 60 Years old.
Subject must be at most 90 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): The patient is a 38-year-old man with cough and body ache that started 3 days ago.  He had fever and chills at the beginning and has low grade fever at the time of visit. He feels tired and sleepy. His body ache and myalgia get better after using Tylenol. The PCR test for Covid is positive. His vital signs are within normal limits with a body temperature of 37.9 C. There is no lymphadenopathy or white exudates in the pharynx.

Patient's own account: I was feeling really sick the other day, to the point that I showed up at the doctor's office. I was coughing, and my body was hurting for 3 days. I had a fever and chills and felt tired and sleepy. I got better after using Tylenol. They did a PCR Covid test on me, and it was positive! My vitals were normal, and my temperature was 37.9 C. I had no swelling around my neck or white spots on the back of my throat.

Clinical trial: Registry for Clinical Presentation and Management of Patients With COVID-19 in the Emergency Room

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinical suspicion or evidence of SARS-CoV-2-infection on presentation in the ED

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  None
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of arthralgias and nodules on her legs.  She has no fever or other skin rashes. The prior medical condition is unremarkable, and she takes no medications.  On physical examination, there is moderate hepatomegaly. The lesions on her legs are tender and present predominantly on the anterior surface of the lower extremities. She doesn't smoke and drinks alcohol occasionally. The patient has 2 male sexual partners. Vital signs are normal. Chest x-ray demonstrates enlarged hilar lymph nodes, and laboratory testing reveals an elevated ACE level. Biopsy of the skin lesion shows noncaseating granulomas that stain negative for fungi & acid-fast bacilli.

Patient's own account: I'm just a 39-year-old young woman but lately I have noticed some underlying cysts on my legs and my joints were hurting so much. I don't have a fever. I don't have rashes. My medical history is totally clean and I don't take any medication. When I went to the clinic they did a physical examination where they found that my liver is enlarged. They also found that the lesions on my legs are kind of tender and they are located on the front side of my legs. I do not smoke and I drink alcohol occasionally. I have to male sexual partners. On the day of my visit my vitals were fine. I did an X-ray of my chest and I had swollen lymph nodes. I also has a blood test and it came back with a high ACE level. I also had a biopsy of my skin lesions that came back negative for fungi and AFB.

Clinical trial: Antibody Response to Influenza Vaccine in Patients With Sarcoidosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Sarcoidosis patients:

          -  Patients with relevant clinical, radiologic and histologic features of sarcoidosis
             (all stages).

          -  Signed informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Organ failure (kidney, heart, liver).

          -  Collagen vascular diseases.

          -  Diabetes.

          -  Contraindications of vaccine (Egg allergy).

          -  Patients who receive high dose (> 60 mg/day) steroid therapy.

          -  Any acute disease.

          -  Conditions accompanied by immunosuppression (like organ transplantation, HIV).

          -  Any psychological disease that interferes with regular follow-up.

          -  Inoculation with influenza vaccine within the past 5 years.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Identification of Biomarkers for Prediction of Response or Resistance Against Target Therapy in Gastric Cancer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction

               -  stage IV

               -  patient receives chemotherapy

               -  signed informed consent

               -  Age > 18 years

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patient can not understand meaning and purpose of the study

          -  patient already received a chemotherapy treatment for advanced disease.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old female has prolonged oral bleeding immediately after a tooth extraction.  Despite several interventions, the bleeding persists for hours and stops only after desmopressin (DDAVP) administration.  The patient has heavy menstrual cycles each month.  She has no other medical problems and takes no medications.  Her mother and grandmother have also had excessive bleeding during menstrual period.  Review of systems is positive for mild bruising on his legs. Laboratory findings reveal a normal platelet count and an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay, as well as CB <= 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C <= 0.40 IU/mL.

Patient's own account: I'm a 23 woman and I went to the ER because of non-stop bleeding after my tooth extraction. I tried to make the bleeding stop but it just kept going for hours and it finally stopped when I took some medication called DDAVP. I usually have heavy periods, just like my mom and grandma had. I don't have any other medical condition and I don't take any other medication. The doctor noticed the bruises on my legs. I had to do some lab tests. I had a normal platelet count but an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay. I had low CB and FVIII:C levels.

Clinical trial: New Treatments for Troublesome Bleeding in Implanon Users

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Healthy women aged 18-45 using the subdermal progestogen-only contraceptive implant
             and experiencing frequent or prolonged vaginal bleeding Willing to keep a menstrual
             diary for 6 months

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Women who have currently or previously had

          -  Heart attack or stroke

          -  Blood clot in a vein

          -  High blood pressure

          -  Severe liver or kidney disease

          -  Blood pressure > 135 mm systolic or >85 mm diastolic

          -  Migraine with aura

          -  Breast cancer or any genital cancer

          -  Severe chronic liver or kidney disease

          -  Women with known sensitivity to ethinyl oestradiol, progestogens

          -  Women taking phenytoin, carbamazepine or phenobarbitol

          -  Women who are pregnant

          -  Women who are lactating

          -  Women who are unwilling to keep a daily menstrual diary or otherwise unwilling to
             follow the study criteria
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 43-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, comes to the clinic complaining of recently painful menstrual cycles.  The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Urine β-hCG is negative. Menarche was at age 12, and menstrual periods occur every 28 days and lasts for 5 days.  She is sexually active with her husband and does not have pain with intercourse. BMI is 23 kg/m2 and Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the uterus is uniformly enlarged and tender. She is candidate for hysterectomy with the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Patient's own account: I'm 43, and I paid a visit to my doctor because my last few periods were insanely painful. My last periods were 2 weeks ago. I already had three pregnancies that gave me the three lovely children. I did a urine test to check for potential pregnancy, and it came back negative. I started to have my periods at the age of 12, and I have been pretty regular with periods every 28 days for 5 days. I'm sexually active with my husband and I do not have any pain when we have sex. My BMI is 23 and my vitals were normal. The doctor performed a physical exam and found that my uterus was tender and enlarged. She proposed me a hysterectomy and diagnosed me with adenomyosis.

Clinical trial: Investigation of Heart Rate Variability During the Menstrual Cycle

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age 18 years and over

          -  Regular menstrual cycles

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Taking any hormonal medications

          -  Taking any medications that may affect heart rate

          -  Known heart condition or use of a pacemaker

          -  Skin condition where there is sensitivity to wearing a skin monitor

          -  Currently suffering with anxiety or panic attacks

          -  Pregnant or breastfeeding
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment