Patient case (clinical description): A 15-year-old boy with mild intellectual disability is brought to the office by his parents for a routine physical examination.  The boy is going to a school for students with learning disabilities.  The patient was adopted, and his immunizations are up to date.  Review of the patient's medical records is notable for cytogenetic studies that showed a small gap near the tip of the long arm of the X chromosome, which is consistent with fragile X syndrome, an X-linked disorder. The defect is an unstable expansion of trinucleotide repeats (CGG) in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene, located on the long arm of the X chromosome. He is not using any medications and vital signs are within normal levels. His blood chemistry analysis as bellow:
Blood Chemistry Value      Normal Range     Patient Value
Glucose                    90-120 mg/dl     95 mg/dl
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)  7-24 mg/dl       10 mg/dl
Creatinine                 0.7-1.4 mg/dl    0.8 mg/dl
Calcium                    8.5-10.5 mg/dl   9 mg/dl
Sodium                     134-143 mEq/L    135 mEq/L
Potassium                  3.5-4.5 mEq/L    3.7 mEq/L
Chloride                   95-108 mEq/L     98 mEq/L
CO2                        20-30 mEq/L      25 mEq/L
Blood pH                   7.38-7.42        7. 39

Patient's own account: My husband and I brought our 15-year-old son to the clinic for his routine exam. My son is going to school for special needs students. We adopted him a few years ago. His vaccinations are up to date. He already passed some chromosome testing and they found that he has a fragile X syndrome. The doctor told us that it comes from repeats in the fragile X chromosome. My son is not using any medication and his blood pressure temperature and breathing were normal during the exam. He also did a blood test. The results came back and showed that his blood sugar urea creatinine calcium sodium potassium chloride CO2 and blood pH were all within the normal range.

Clinical trial: Ambulatory Screening for Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD).

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        The population studied is composed of children:

          -  from 8 to 12 years old

          -  seen for any reason for consultation in general practice

          -  Schooled in an ordinary environment since the Preparatory Course in France

          -  Francophone parents

          -  One of whose parents has signed the consent

          -  Consent of the child

          -  Social Insured

        Exclusion Criteria:

        The background and living conditions that may promote secondary learning disabilities, for
        example:

          -  Child with a known intellectual disability (Wisc)

          -  Child in IME (Institut Médico Educatif)

          -  Child followed in SESSAD (Specialised education service at home)

          -  Child not knowing how to answer the questions asked

          -  Child with a known etiology causing learning disabilities (epilepsy, autism spectrum
             disorder, hearing impairment, visual impairment (deafness, blindness, low vision))

          -  Child on treatment (antiepileptic, neuroleptic, antidepressant, anxiolytic)

          -  Child under the care of a psychiatrist,

          -  Child followed by the CMP (Centre médico-psychologique)

          -  Child living in an institution,

          -  Adopted child

          -  A child whose mother has experienced known depression during the child's early
             childhood (0-18 months) because it causes attachment disorders, which can impact the
             child's development, including learning

          -  Child of a family that has lived through more than two family recompositions

          -  Child known to be a victim of abuse.

          -  Out of school child.

        To determine the presence of an HV-Labile

          -  Child with a known visual correction greater than + or- 2 diopters

          -  Known amblyopic child

          -  Known strabic child

          -  Child with no known binocular vision.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 8 Years old.
Subject must be at most 12 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction