Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Stem Cell Therapy in Muscular Dystrophy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  age group of 6 months and above

          -  muscular dystrophy diagnosed on the basis of clinical presentation

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  presence of respiratory distress

          -  presence of acute infections such as Human Immunodeficient Virus/Hepatitis B
             Virus/Hepatitis C Virus

          -  malignancies

          -  acute medical conditions such as respiratory infection, fever, hemoglobin less than 8,
             bleeding tendency, bone marrow disorder, left ventricular ejection fraction < 30%

          -  pregnancy or breastfeeding
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 6 Months old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Talc Pleurodesis in Patients With Recurrent Malignant Pleural Effusion

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Malignant pleural effusion confirmed by cytological analysis of pleural fluid and/or
             pleural biopsy;

          -  Recurrent pleural effusion with symptoms;

          -  Chest radiography with lung expansion after thoracocentesis;

          -  Karnofsky Performance Status > 70;

          -  Written informed patient consent were obtained.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Hemorrhagic diathesis;

          -  Active infection;

          -  Cutaneous infiltration;

          -  Patients unable to understand the questionnaires;

          -  Age: > 90 yo or < 18 yo.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 90 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department following an episode of syncope.  He was working out when he felt dizzy and passed out without head injury.  He has had 3 other episodes of light-headedness over the last year, all happening during physical activity. He never had this experience while resting. He has no other medical conditions.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  His father died suddenly at age 35.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  On physical examination, the patient has a harsh systolic murmur.  The lungs are clear with no peripheral edema. Echocardiography shows asymmetric interventricular septal hypertrophy.

Patient's own account: I'm 23, and I got admitted to the ER because I fainted all of a sudden. I was in the gym, working out, when all of a sudden, I just got dizzy and passed out. Hopefully, I didn't hit my head. It's not my first time having that kind of dizziness at the gym, never when I'm chilling at home tho. I don't have any special medical conditions and I'm not even smoking, drinking or doing drugs! My dad died suddenly when he was 35, so I'm kind of scared. My vitals were normal while at the ER and they did a physical exam and they told me my heart sounds abnormal. My lungs are ok, but I had to do an echography of my heart, and they told me it is bigger than average.

Clinical trial: Perfusion Imaging With Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography in HCM

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age 18-80 years

          -  Established diagnosis of HCM

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Known history of coronary or peripheral artery disease

          -  History of myocardial infarction

          -  Pregnant or lactating females

          -  Hypersensitivity to any ultrasound contrast agent

          -  Evidence right-to-left or bi-directional intracardiac shunt

          -  Moderate or greater valve disease other than from HCM (systolic anterior motion of the
             mitral valve)

          -  History of septal ablation or myectomy

          -  Hemodynamic instability

          -  Pacemaker dependent heart rhythm
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 19 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Fertility After Transvaginal Surgery or Uterine Artery Embolization Combined With Uterine Curettage in Patients With Cesarean Scar Pregnancy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  increased levels of serum β-hCG and ultrasonography findings. The criteria for
             diagnosis by ultrasonography was the presence of the following: (1) an empty uterine
             cavity and endocervical canal; (2) detection of the placenta and/or a gestational sac
             embedded in the hysterectomy scar; (3) the presence of the gestation sac with or
             without a fetal pole and with or without fetal cardiac activity (depending on the
             gestational age) in the anterior part of the uterine isthmus; and (4) a thin (1-3 mm)
             or absent myometrial layer between the gestational sac and the bladder(24). All
             patients had taken Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to clarify the diagnosis .
             Pregnancy tissues were identified by histopathology examinations of the surgical
             tissues.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  All enrolled patients had no contraindications for transvaginal surgery or UAE,
             including renal failure, active pelvic infection, clotting disorders, or known allergy
             to the contrast material.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Confocal Endomicroscopy for Non-Erosive Reflux Disease (CE NERD)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        1. Individuals with reflux disease between the ages of 18 and 79 who have failed a trial of
        daily PPI.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Barrett's esophagus

          2. Use of high dose proton pump inhibitor within 4 weeks of study entry

          3. Esophageal varices

          4. Coagulopathy

          5. GI cancer or mass

          6. Previous surgery involving the esophagus, stomach or duodenum

          7. Pregnancy

          8. Allergy to either sucralfate or proton pump inhibitors
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 79 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: Knee Malalignment and Thigh Muscle Strengthening in Individuals With Medial Knee Arthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Pain in the knee

          -  Osteophytes on knee x-ray

          -  Self-reported pain on the inner aspect of the study knee

          -  Osteophytes in the medial compartment of the knee joint and

          -  Medial joint space narrowing greater than lateral joint space narrowing on x-ray

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Knee surgery within the previous 6 months

          -  History of lower limb joint replacements

          -  Systemic arthritic conditions such as rheumatic or psoriatic arthritis

          -  Valgus knee deformity (> 5º)

          -  Inability to walk without the use of walking aids

          -  Intending to start a lower limb strengthening program in the next 3 months

          -  Seeking or currently receiving physiotherapy for OA knee
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Ovarian Stimulation Using Recombinant Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonist in Alternate Days

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  women of good physical and mental health

          -  under 37 years old, with regular menstrual cycles of 25-35 days

          -  normal basal FSH and LH levels

          -  BMI less than 30 kg/m2

          -  presence of both ovaries and intact uterus

          -  absence of polycystic ovaries

          -  endometriosis, or gynaecological / medical disorders and a negative result in a
             screening for sexually transmitted diseases

          -  all patients signed a written informed consent form

          -  no patient had received any hormone therapy for at least 60 days preceding the study.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.

Subject must be at most 35 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a history of nosebleeds lasting for 1 hour. She has a history of heavy menses as well as occasional gum bleeding following dental procedures. Her mother also has a history of menorrhagia. Laboratory tests reveal increased bleeding time and slightly increased partial thromboplastin time. She has no other medical conditions and is otherwise healthy. Her coagulation study shows CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL. She is not smoking or using any kind of illicit drugs. She uses alcohol occasionally and is in ra elationship with her boyfriend for the past 2 years.

Patient's own account: I had to rush to the ER because of a non-stop nosebleed that had been on for 1 hour. As a 23-year-old, I always had heavy periods, and sometimes, my gums would bleed after going to the dentist or brushing my teeth. I thought that it was not very alarming since my mom also had heavy periods. I did some lab tests that showed that I had increased bleeding time and long clotting time. Otherwise, I'm pretty healthy, and I don't smoke or take any kind of drugs. I drink only at parties from time to time. I have been with my boyfriend for the last 2 years. I did a coagulation study and I got the following results: CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL.

Clinical trial: Pretreatment With Norethindrone Acetate Prior to Levonorgestrel IUS Insertion for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  You must be between 18-45 years old

          -  You have Heavy Periods

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  You are pregnant

          -  You are currently using hormonal contraception or hormonal therapy

          -  You have a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (and have not had a normal pregnancy
             since)

          -  You had an infected abortion within the last three months

          -  You have abnormal or cancerous cells of the cervix or uterus

          -  You have an actine infection in your genital organs

          -  Known or suspected breast cancer

          -  Active liver disease or tumors

          -  Allergy to levonorgestrel or norethindrone

          -  You currently have deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or history of these
             conditions

          -  you currently have active or recent (within the past year) arterial thromboembolic
             disease (such as a stroke or myocardial infarction) these conditions
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of dizziness.  She also has occasional nausea and ringing in her right ear.  The patient also has difficulty hearing while holding her phone to the left ear, although hearing in her right ear is normal.  The dizziness improves spontaneously, and she feels fine between episodes.  Past medical history is notable for hypothyroidism and low vit D level, for which she is using Levothyroxine and Vit D pearl.  She does not use tobacco or drink alcohol. Physical examination shows sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear. She has only one-man sexual partner and menopaused 2 years ago.

Patient's own account: The other day, I had to go to the clinic due to severe dizziness. I'm 47 years old, and I've been suffering from nausea and ringing in my right ear. I also have difficulty hearing in my left ear while I hold my phone, even if my hearing in my right ear is normal. The dizziness just gets me all of a sudden but I don't have any symptoms in between 2 episodes. I suffer from hypothyroidism and low vitamin D levels. So I take Levothyrox and vitamin D pearl. I don't smoke or drink. They conducted a physical exam and said I had hearing loss in my left ear. My only partner is my husband, and I'm menopause for 2 years now.

Clinical trial: Internet-delivered ACT for Treating the Psychological Effects of Hearing Loss

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  HHIE-S score over 8

          -  Indication of comorbid psychological suffering/distress (defined as total score above
             0 on PHQ9/GAD7 or below 1sd on QOLI)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  No computer with internet connection

          -  Unability to understand written content

          -  Incomplete screening procedure

          -  A health condition that needs immediate care
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 110 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: The Utility of Nexium in Chronic Cough and Reflux Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. males and females (of non-childbearing potential. ie-surgically sterile, or willing to
             use an approved form of birth control) between the ages of 18 and 70 who speak and
             write in English,

          2. chronic cough (> 8 wks/another article used > 6 wks) with symptom severity criteria of
             2 or greater on the Fisman Cough Severity Score and 3 or greater or the Fisman Cough
             Frequency Score, and,

          3. failure to respond to post nasal drip therapy.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. abnormal chest x-ray,

          2. patients taking H2 blockers within the previous 3 days or PPI's within the previous 7
             days,

          3. failure to respond to past PPI therapy given for cough that lasted at least 12 weeks,

          4. use of an investigational drug within the past 30 days,

          5. previous surgical antireflux or non-surgical endoscopic anti-reflux procedure (ex.,
             Stretta or endoscopic sewing device),

          6. previous aerodigestive malignancy,

          7. current smokers, or ex-smokers (defined as those who quit smoking less than 3 months
             prior to study enrollment or those who have quit, but have a 20 pack year smoking
             history),

          8. upper respiratory infection within 8 weeks prior to study enrollment,

          9. current use of a B- blocker, ACE-I, or anticholinesterases at time of enrollment.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction