Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: Validation of Respiration Rate Algorithms

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Young Healthy Volunteers

               -  Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the
                  study.

               -  Male or Female, aged between 18 and 40 years old.

          -  Older Healthy Volunteers

               -  Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the
                  study.

               -  Male or Female, aged 70 years or above.

          -  Patients

               -  Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the
                  study.

               -  Male or Female, aged 18-70 years old.

               -  Participant has one of the following conditions:

               -  Atrial fibrillation

               -  A permanent pacemaker that is continuously active

               -  Reduced chest wall movement

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Young Healthy Volunteers

               -  Any condition which might increase the risk of exercise testing

               -  Any history of ischaemic heart disease

               -  Any history of heart failure

               -  Any structural heart disease (eg: valvular lesions, hypertrophic obstructive
                  cardiomyopathy)

               -  Any abnormalities on a resting ECG

               -  Deep vein thrombosis diagnosed within the last 6 months or under active treatment

               -  Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure >220 mm Hg, diastolic >120 mm
                  Hg)

               -  Aortic aneurysm

               -  Aortic or cardiovascular surgery within 6 months of recruitment

               -  A family history of sudden cardiac death, congenital arrhythmia syndromes or
                  cardiomyopathy

               -  Autonomic dysfunction, either previously diagnosed or upon testing by the
                  research team

               -  Any condition involving the brain or spinal cord

               -  Diabetes

               -  Alcohol consumption > 21 units/week for women and 28 units/week for men or a
                  history of previous alcohol dependence.

               -  Acute kidney injury

               -  Chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5

               -  Any condition causing hepatic dysfunction

               -  Presence of a permanent pacemaker (these participants would be eligible for the
                  pacemaker group)

               -  Reduced chest wall movement (these participants would be eligible for the reduced
                  chest movement group)

               -  Any acute infection requiring antibiotic treatment within 3 months of recruitment

               -  Any other surgery or illness requiring hospitalisation within 3 months of
                  recruitment

               -  Currently taking any medication with the exception of analgesics or the oral
                  contraceptive pill.

               -  Any wound or skin condition affecting the torso which may be affected by the
                  application of adhesive ECG dots to the skin

               -  Pregnancy

               -  Inability to give informed consent

          -  Older Healthy Volunteers

               -  Any diagnosed condition primarily affecting the cardiovascular or respiratory
                  systems

               -  Symptomatic autonomic dysfunction

               -  Orthostatic hypotension

               -  Any condition involving the brain or spinal cord

               -  Diabetes

               -  Alcohol consumption > 21 units/week for women and 28 units/week for men or a
                  history of previous alcohol dependence.

               -  Acute kidney injury

               -  Chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5

               -  Any condition causing hepatic dysfunction

               -  Presence of a permanent pacemaker

               -  Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

               -  Any muscular dystrophy

               -  Kyphosis

               -  Scoliosis

               -  Pectus excavatum

               -  Any disease involving the lungs or pleura

               -  Any acute infection requiring antibiotic treatment within 3 months of recruitment

               -  Any other surgery or illness requiring hospitalisation within 3 months of
                  recruitment

               -  Currently taking any medication with the exception of analgesics or the oral
                  contraceptive pill.

               -  Any wound or skin condition affecting the torso which may be affected by the
                  application of adhesive ECG dots to the skin

               -  Pregnancy

               -  Inability to give informed consent

          -  Patients

               -  Any infection which would require isolation or barrier nursing according to the
                  hospital's infection control policy

               -  Any wound or skin condition affecting the torso which may be affected by the
                  application of adhesive ECG dots to the skin

               -  Requirement for any form of artificial ventilatory support, including oxygen
                  therapy

               -  More than one of the inclusion criteria. (ie: a patient may not have both atrial
                  fibrillation and reduced chest wall movement and be eligible for this study)

               -  Inability to give informed consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Months old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction