Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 57-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to constipation.  His last bowel movement was 2 days ago. He complains of spending about 30 minutes once attempting to defecate. He also has lower back pain.  There is no history of trauma. The pain is not relieved with over-the-counter pain medications.  His vital signs are within normal limits.  Examination shows low back pain that is worse with back flexion and raising of the legs; it radiates into his left leg.  Pinprick in the perianal area does not cause rapid contraction of the anal sphincter.  The rest of the neurologic examination is normal. He is suspected of Cauda Equina syndrome and referred to a spinal MRI.

Patient's own account: I'm a 57 year-old-man, and I had to go to the ER because I couldn't go defecate. My last trip to the toilet was 2 days ago, and I tried too many times, during 30 min, to get my poop to get out. I also have terrible lower back pain. The doctor did not notice any trauma. I tried to get the pain away using over-the-counter medications, but it simply did not work! Back in the ER my vitals were normal. My pain was even more intense with back flexion, and when I raised my legs, it radiated into my left leg. The doctor did an anus exam where he had to pinch it and it was not reacting! However the rest of my neurologic exam was normal. The doctor suspects a Cauda Equina syndrome and referred me to a spinal MRI.

Clinical trial: Changes in Radicular Pain and Pain Modulation

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Patient group

          -  Radiating leg pain due to nerve root compression verified by MRI

          -  Clinical findings in accordance with MRI findings

          -  Average leg pain ≥ 3/10 on a numeric pain rating scale Controls

          -  No current or previous history of ongoing musculoskeletal pain

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Applies for both groups.

          -  Other specific medical conditions e.g. rheumatologic disease, diabetes or vascular
             diseases.

          -  Pregnancy
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Tranilast Plus Allopurinol in Patients With Moderate to Severe Gout (TAnGO)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Male or female, aged 18 to 80

          -  Severe gout, demonstrated by 3 or more gout flares in the previous 12 months, or the
             presence of at least one gout tophus or gouty arthritis

          -  Hyperuricemia with a sUA ≥8.0 mg/dL

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnant or nursing

          -  Known hypersensitivity to any of the components of tranilast or allopurinol

          -  Known history of xanthinuria or kidney stones

          -  Use of an investigational drug within 30 days

          -  Presence of, or history of, cancer with the exception of completely excised,
             non-metastatic squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas of the skin

          -  Subject is planning or likely to require a surgical procedure during the study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old girl comes to the clinic due to a left wrist mass.  She noticed swelling on the top of her wrist about 4 months ago and came to the clinic due to cosmetic concerns.  Examination shows a nontender, rounded mass on the dorsal wrist that transilluminates with a penlight. Vital signs are normal. The patient needs to type on her computer almost all day. She is left-handed. She does not smoke or use illicit drugs. She is in sexual relationship with two male partners and uses condoms.

Patient's own account: I'm a 19-year-old girl and I went to see my doctor because of a mass on my left wrist. I noticed a swelling on top of my wrist, like 4 months ago, and I went the first time to the doctor because it was pretty ugly! My wrist was not tender, and the mass was round and let the light go through when the doctor used a penlight. My blood pressure, breathing and temperature were normal. I'm left-handed and I need to be on my PC all day. I don't smoke or do drugs. I'm sexually active and I have 2 male partners but they all use condoms.

Clinical trial: Effect of Kinesiotaping on Wrist Kinematics and Functional Performance

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Signed informed consent form and participated in all stages of the study

          -  Being in the age range of 18-25

          -  Being right-handed

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Having physical, mental disability (vision, hearing, etc.) which may affect
             participation in the study

          -  Presence of a history of congenital or acquired orthopedic, neurological, or rheumatic
             disease that may impair joint range and / or function of the hand and wrist

          -  Having a history of trauma requiring medical, conservative and surgical treatment for
             the application area in the last 6 months

          -  Presence of skin lesions (burns, cellulite, vesicles, bulla, pisoriasis, open / closed
             wound, scar, active infection, malignancy, etc.) in the application area.

          -  Excessive skin reaction to applications

          -  The problem of hirsutism to the extent of preventing the kinesiotaping in the
             application area.

          -  Dart sports experience as amateur or professional

          -  To have consumed alcohol, pharmaceutical substance until 24 hours before the
             evaluation

          -  Using anabolic substance

          -  To have theoretical and practical experience in Kinesio taping

          -  Being obese
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 25 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 51-year-old man comes to the office complaining of fatigue and some sexual problems including lack of libido. The patient doesn't smoke or use any illicit drug.  Blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg and pulse is 70/min.  Oxygen saturation is 99% on room air.  BMI is 24 kg/m2.  Skin examination shows increased pigmentation. Genotype testing is consistent with homozygosity for the C282Y mutation. Laboratory study shows transferrin saturation of 55% and serum ferritin of 550 μg/L. He is diagnosed as a case of hemochromatosis.

Patient's own account: I am 51 years old and I just came back from the doctor's office. I'm sick and tired of being that exhausted, reaching the point where me and my lovely wife are not touching each other anymore! I'm not smoking or doing drugs! My blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg, and pulse was 70/min and my oxygen saturation 99%. My BMI is 24. My skin also turned a bit darker lately. He tested my genes and told me that I have a mutation of the C282Y gene. I also did lab tests where my transferrin saturation was 55% and serum ferritin was 550  μg/L. The doctor diagnosed me with iron overload.

Clinical trial: Mi-iron - Moderately Increased Iron - is Reducing Iron Overload Necessary?

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. HFE C282Y homozygous.

          2. Aged 18 - 70 years .

          3. SF above the upper limit of the normal range of 300µg/L but less than 1000µg/L with a
             currently or previously raised TS (>greater than the upper limit of normal for the
             testing laboratory).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. HH due to genotypes other than HFE C282Y homozygosity.

          2. Normal SF, SF > 1000µg/L.

          3. Other major risk factor(s) for liver toxicity or other significant co-morbidities
             including positivity for hepatitis B or C, excess alcohol consumption (> 60g/day in
             males and 40g/day in females) or body mass index > 35.

          4. Has had venesection therapy for HH in the last two years.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 4-year-old boy comes to the office for the follow up of his confirmed oculocutaneous albinism.  The patient was born at 38 weeks gestation with no complications.  Vital signs are normal.  Weight and height are at the 50th percentile.  On examination, iris transillumination is present, and there are no apparent foveae on funduscopic examination.  Optic nerves are small and gray.  All the hairs including eyebrows and lashes are white.

Patient's own account: I brought my four-year-old son to his follow-up consultation for his albinism. All his hair is white, even lashes and eyebrows. My baby was born at 38 weeks pregnant with no complications whatsoever. During the consultations his vitals were normal and now his weight and height are at the 50th percentile. The doctor did an eye exam and it seems that his iris has a kind of transillumination, and there are no foveae. The doctor told me that his optic nerves are small and gray.

Clinical trial: Simultaneous OCT and B-FAF in Eyes With Alteration of the Foveal Contour

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  alteration of the foveal contour not classifiable as lamellar or pseudo macular hole

          -  focal, well-defined increased autofluorescence signal at the fovea

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  intraretinal cysts not associated with break of the inner retina

          -  juxtafoveal telangiectasia

          -  ring of increased B-FAF

          -  vitelliform and pseudovitelliform lesions

          -  history of diabetes, retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, CSR, AMD or any other retinal
             -disease potentially associated with intra or subretinal fluid

          -  macular drusen

          -  history of submacular hemorrhage
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 90 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Inguinal Hernia Management: Watchful Waiting vs. Tension-Free Open Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  18 years of age or older (19 years in Nebraska)

          -  Male

          -  Diagnosis of inguinal hernia (patients with bilateral and recurrent hernias are
             eligible)

          -  Inguinal hernia that is either completely asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic (does
             not interfere with normal activities

          -  Informed consent for randomization

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  A hernia that could not detected on physical examination

          -  American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) Class IV or V

          -  Evidence was present of an acute hernia complication such as bowel obstruction,
             strangulation, peritonitis, or perforation

          -  Local or systemic infection

          -  Presence of pain and discomfort associated with the hernia that limits usual
             activities

          -  A history of recent (within six weeks of visit) onset of difficulty in reducing a
             hernia that was previously easily reduced

          -  Participation in another clinical trial

          -  Female
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: Evaluating Novel Approaches for Estimating Awake and Sleep Blood Pressure

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Mean screening systolic blood pressure of 110 to < 160 mm Hg at most recent visit

          -  Mean screening diastolic blood pressure of 70 to <100 mm Hg at most recent visit

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Currently taking antihypertensive medications

          -  Known to be currently pregnant

          -  History of sleep apnea

          -  History of heart attack, stroke, or any cardiovascular disease

          -  History of arrhythmia (e.g. - atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia)

          -  Completed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the past year

          -  Second shift, overnight, or jobs that will not allow ambulatory blood pressure device
             to measure every 30 minutes for 24 hours.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 19 Years old.
Subject must be at most 87 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old female has prolonged oral bleeding immediately after a tooth extraction.  Despite several interventions, the bleeding persists for hours and stops only after desmopressin (DDAVP) administration.  The patient has heavy menstrual cycles each month.  She has no other medical problems and takes no medications.  Her mother and grandmother have also had excessive bleeding during menstrual period.  Review of systems is positive for mild bruising on his legs. Laboratory findings reveal a normal platelet count and an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay, as well as CB <= 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C <= 0.40 IU/mL.

Patient's own account: I'm a 23 woman and I went to the ER because of non-stop bleeding after my tooth extraction. I tried to make the bleeding stop but it just kept going for hours and it finally stopped when I took some medication called DDAVP. I usually have heavy periods, just like my mom and grandma had. I don't have any other medical condition and I don't take any other medication. The doctor noticed the bruises on my legs. I had to do some lab tests. I had a normal platelet count but an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay. I had low CB and FVIII:C levels.

Clinical trial: Safety Study of XP12B in Women With Menorrhagia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Women with menorrhagia

          -  18-49 years of age

          -  Regularly occuring menstrual periods

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  History or presence of clinically significant disease or abnormalities that might
             confound the study

          -  History of bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 49 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Fitness and Exercise for People With Arthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis

          -  No physical limitations precluding exercise participation

          -  Negative screen for CVD (PAR-Q)

          -  Age 20+

          -  English or Spanish speaking

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Presence of any condition for which exercise is contraindicated

          -  Physical inability to complete exercise program
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Three-Year Trial on a New Testosterone Gel

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        men with

          -  hypergonadotropic hypogonadism

          -  hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

          -  late-onset hypogonadism

        combined with an initial Testosterone serum level of < 11 nmol/l

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  known or suspected carcinoma of the prostate

          -  clinically relevant abnormalities in clinical chemistry or haematology

          -  any severe medical conditions at the opinion of the investigator
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment