Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 7-month-old boy is brought to emergency by his parents due to irritability and inability to defecate for the past 3 days.  The patient has had constipation and discomfort with bowel movements since birth.  His symptoms worsened after eating semi-solid foods.  Vital signs are normal.  Abdominal examination shows distension and tenderness to palpation with presence of bowel sounds.  Xray with barium shows a narrow rectum and rectosigmoid area.  The rest of the colon proximal to this segment is dilated. Digital rectal exam revealed burst of feces out of the anus. The biopsy showed absence of submucosal ganglia in the last segment of the large intestine.

Patient's own account: My baby boy just turned 7 months old but my wife and I cannot get a hold of him! He has not been able to poop for 3 days! My poor little thing has been having constipation and bowel problems since birth. But since he ate some semi-solid food it has just been worse! The doctor said his vitals are normal but his belly is tense and tender with his bowels making noise. They did an X-ray and found out that he had a narrow rectum. His colon is dilated. They also performed a touch rectal exam and he could finally poop! The biopsy revealed that there is no submucosal ganglia in his large intestine.

Clinical trial: A New Scoring System Improves Diagnostic Accuracy of Intestinal Dysganglionosis --a Prospective Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Hard or firm stools for 2 or less per week

          -  Age are from newborn to 3 years old

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Children>3 years of age

          -  Patients presented severe inflammation or malnutrition, unconsciousness or perforation
             of intestine
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.

Subject must be at most 3 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells for Asherman's Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  1. Hysteroscopy examination confirms intrauterine adhesions, II -III according to the
             American Fertility Society (AFS) classification of uterine adhesions;

          -  2. Regular Menstrual cycles and menstruation is normal before abortion or curettage;

          -  3. Having a clear desire to fertility;

          -  4. Normal blood coagulation, liver, heart, and kidney function, absence of HIV,
             Hepatitis B or C, syphilis and psychiatric pathology;

          -  5. Serum β-hCG is negative;

          -  6. Be willing to complete the study and sign the consent form.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  1. Having a history of malignant tumor;

          -  2. Having other uterine diseases, such as, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis and uterine
             malformations;

          -  3. Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis more than 3 times in the past;

          -  4. Absence of peripheral vein access.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of gritty sensation in her eyes. She also has difficulty swallowing dry foods with no pain or heartburn.  The patient is a schoolteacher and must drink water frequently during lectures due to her mouth dryness.  She also reports occasional joint pain.  Medical history is not significant other than the confirmed Sjogren disease with no other rheumatologic disease.  She is sexually active with her husband and has 2 children both delivered by natural vaginal delivery. She has no history of any kind of surgery. Physical examination shows conjunctival erythema and cracking of the lips. The remainder of the examination and history is normal. Her lab result shows elevated ESR (50 mm/h)

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a terrible gritty sensation in my eyes. It was also hard to swallow dry food, but it didn't burn, and there was no pain. I'm a 40-year-old female school teacher and I should drink water for the lectures because otherwise, my mouth gets really dry. I also have joint pain from time to time. I have been diagnosed with Sjogren disease but no other rheumatologic disease. I have a husband, we're sexually active, and I also have two lovely children that I delivered both naturally. I never undergone any surgery. Physical examination when I came to the clinic, and it showed cracking on my lips and a pink eye. The rest was fine. I also did some lab tests, and they came back with high ESR.

Clinical trial: Clinical Study to Evaluate of The Whitening Efficacy and Safety of REMEWHITE

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  ability to understand and provide informed consent

          -  general good health male and female adults, were 20 years or older

          -  no pregnant woman

          -  had six caines-free maxillary anterior teeth without restorations on the labial
             surfaces

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  had severe internal discoloration (tetracycline stains, fluorosis, pulpless teeth)

          -  evidence of fracture or major cracks on tooth

          -  were pregnant or nursing

          -  had tooth sensitivity

          -  smokers

          -  had teeth shade A1, A2
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: The Inclination of the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Surface and Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  symptomatic knee osteoarthritis according to the American College of Rheumatology
             criteria for the classification and reporting of OA of the knee joint,

          -  predominance of self-reported pain over the medial aspect of the knee,

          -  radiographic evidence of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis with an Ahlbäck score
             of grade I or greater,

          -  and radiographic evidence of lateral compartment with Ahlbäck classification grade 0.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  any previous surgery or severe trauma in the affected limb.

          -  inflammatory joint disease or tumors in the affected limb.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: Effects of Action Observation Therapy on Pain and Brain Hemodynamics in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  MMSE>21

          -  Chronic knee pain (VAS score>5)

          -  Right dominant

          -  Unilateral knee pain

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pain characteristics such as the presence of a rheumatologic disease other than knee
             osteoarthritis, lumbar radiculopathy, systemic inflammatory disease, diabetic
             neuropathy, problems similar to knee osteoarthritis,

          -  Hearing or vision problems,

          -  Injection therapy involving the knee region within the last 6 months,

          -  Surgical operation involving the knee region

          -  Psychiatric problems and anti-depressant usage
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 57-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to constipation.  His last bowel movement was 2 days ago. He complains of spending about 30 minutes once attempting to defecate. He also has lower back pain.  There is no history of trauma. The pain is not relieved with over-the-counter pain medications.  His vital signs are within normal limits.  Examination shows low back pain that is worse with back flexion and raising of the legs; it radiates into his left leg.  Pinprick in the perianal area does not cause rapid contraction of the anal sphincter.  The rest of the neurologic examination is normal. He is suspected of Cauda Equina syndrome and referred to a spinal MRI.

Patient's own account: I'm a 57 year-old-man, and I had to go to the ER because I couldn't go defecate. My last trip to the toilet was 2 days ago, and I tried too many times, during 30 min, to get my poop to get out. I also have terrible lower back pain. The doctor did not notice any trauma. I tried to get the pain away using over-the-counter medications, but it simply did not work! Back in the ER my vitals were normal. My pain was even more intense with back flexion, and when I raised my legs, it radiated into my left leg. The doctor did an anus exam where he had to pinch it and it was not reacting! However the rest of my neurologic exam was normal. The doctor suspects a Cauda Equina syndrome and referred me to a spinal MRI.

Clinical trial: Referral Guidelines for Imaging Exams: Impact on Exam Relevance and Associated Delays

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  The patient (or his/her guardian/parent/person-of-trust) was correctly informed about
             the study

          -  A participating ER doctor has requested an imaging exam for the patient during one of
             the trial observation periods (ie the "before" period or the "after" period).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  The patient is under judicial protection

          -  The patient (or his/her guardian/parent/person-of-trust) refuses to participate in the
             study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: The Effects of Hormones in Growth Hormone-Treated Girls With Turner Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
-  INCLUSION CRITERIA:

        Girls with Turner syndrome will qualify to participate in this study if they meet the
        following criteria:

        Karyotype diagnosis compatible with Turner syndrome.

        No treatment with estrogen, androgen or growth hormone exceeding twelve months, and no
        treatment with either of these agents in the preceding 3 months.

        Chronological age of 10.0 to 14.9 years.

        Bone age less than or equal to 12 years.

        EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

        Prior treatment with estrogen, androgen, or growth hormone for more than twelve months.

        Y component in peripheral karyotype.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 10 Years old.
Subject must be at most 14 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of hand tremor that started few months ago.  It is most bothering when he wants to drink from a glass or pour from a bottle. He does not smoke, but drinks occasionally. He recently started consuming more alcohol as his tremor subsides somewhat when he drinks small amounts of alcohol.  Family history is significant for similar problems in his mother.  Vital signs are normal and the patient has no other medical conditions.  Neurologic examination shows bilateral tremor in the upper extremities. The diagnosis of essential tremor is confirmed.

Patient's own account: I'm only a 60 years old man but I already suffer from shaky hands. It started a few months ago, and it really bothers me when I want to pour myself a glass or even while drinking. I don't smoke, but I drink alcohol from time to time. To be honest, I've been drinking a little more lately since it helps me with the shaking. My mom had the same issue when she was my age. The doctor took my vitals, and they were normal. I don't have any other medical issues. I underwent neurological exams and it showed that I’m shaky from both sides. The doctor diagnosed me with essential tremor.

Clinical trial: Bilateral Essential Tremor Treatment With Gamma Knife

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients must be ≥ 18 years

          -  The patient has a primary diagnosis of ET or ET plus confirmed by a movement disorder
             neurologist;

          -  The patient previously underwent a GK thalamotomy (> 12 months ago);

          -  The tremor on the untreated side negatively impacts the patients' quality of life;

          -  The patient wants treatment of the contralateral side.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinically relevant gait and/or balance impairment (e.g. wide-based, more than 2
             falls/months, wheelchair, walker, cane use);

          -  Clinically relevant speech impairment (e.g. impairment of intelligibility);

          -  Inability to comply with the follow-up schedule;

          -  Refusal of the treating physician.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Modern Analyses of the Semen in Evaluating Male Fertility and Treatment Options of Male Infertility

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Ability to produce semen sample

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Cognitive impairment

          -  Inadequate language skills for informed consent
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Robotic Utility for Surgical Treatment of Groin Hernias

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  50 patients selected and operated by the PI.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  patients under the age of 18

          -  pregnancy

          -  BMI > 35

          -  recurrent groin hernia

          -  no Informed Consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Evaluation of Mesh Integration and Mesh Contraction After Open Preperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair Using a Memory Ring Containing Device

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  elective repair for a primary unilateral inguinal hernia OR

          -  elective repair for a recurrent unilateral inguinal hernia after non-mesh repair

        Exclusion Criteria:
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment