Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: VERTOS-II. Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Versus Conservative Therapy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

          -  age: 50 and older

          -  vertebral fracture: 15-85% height loss

          -  level: thoracic vertebral body 5 (Th 5) or lower

          -  osteopenia (T-score &lt; -1 SD)

          -  back pain for at least no longer than 6 weeks

          -  edema in the vertebrae on MR imaging

        Exclusion criteria:

          -  complete loss of vertebral body height

          -  fracture through or destruction of the posterior vertebral wall

          -  pressure of bone fragments on the spinal cord

          -  osteomyelitis or spondylodiscitis

          -  vertebral column neoplasms

          -  uncorrectable coagulation disorder

          -  medical conditions that would make the patient ineligible for emergency decompressive
             surgery should it be necessary to treat a complication of the procedure
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Memory and Fear Study (Fear of Memory Loss Study)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  55 years of age or older

          -  Elevated dementia-related fear

          -  Able to read/write in English

          -  Willingness to be randomized to intervention group

          -  Willingness to complete three weeks of self-guided intervention, questionnaires, and
             cognitive tests.

          -  Access to a reliable internet connection

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, or dementia by a
             healthcare provider.

          -  Impaired cognitive or neurologic function

          -  Unstable medical condition

          -  Severe depression

          -  Current treatment for anxiety or depression

          -  Current participation in another psychotherapy

          -  Current use of psychiatric medication

          -  Current substance use disorder

          -  Inadequate vision or hearing to interact with study materials
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 55 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Pre-operative Withdrawal of Aspirin in Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with a diagnosis of inguinal hernia undergoing laparoscopic repair

          -  Age 21-80 years

          -  Patients taking Aspirin

          -  BMI 18-30

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Age <21 and >80years

          -  Recurrent inguinal hernia

          -  Coagulopathy

          -  Patients who can't stop Aspirin

          -  BMI <18 and >30
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 21 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Prognostic Factors on Malignant Pleural Effusion

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  malignant pleural effusion (MPE) due to lung cancer

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  workup of MPE (pleural fluid results, blood test results, or treatment history) not
             available

          -  Patients unwilling to join study (for prospective recruitment)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 43-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, comes to the clinic complaining of recently painful menstrual cycles.  The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Urine β-hCG is negative. Menarche was at age 12, and menstrual periods occur every 28 days and lasts for 5 days.  She is sexually active with her husband and does not have pain with intercourse. BMI is 23 kg/m2 and Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the uterus is uniformly enlarged and tender. She is candidate for hysterectomy with the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Patient's own account: I'm 43, and I paid a visit to my doctor because my last few periods were insanely painful. My last periods were 2 weeks ago. I already had three pregnancies that gave me the three lovely children. I did a urine test to check for potential pregnancy, and it came back negative. I started to have my periods at the age of 12, and I have been pretty regular with periods every 28 days for 5 days. I'm sexually active with my husband and I do not have any pain when we have sex. My BMI is 23 and my vitals were normal. The doctor performed a physical exam and found that my uterus was tender and enlarged. She proposed me a hysterectomy and diagnosed me with adenomyosis.

Clinical trial: Effects of Resistance Training on Substrate Metabolism During the Menstrual Cycle

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Females with BMI-18.5-34.99 and between 18-45 years, with normal menstrual cycle
             defined as 28-30 days cycles +-3 days.

          -  Including higher BMI participants might alter the results as increased body fat has
             been linked to changes in different hormonal levels (not only sex hormones) and that
             might influence substrate utilization.

          -  Sedentary .or physically active for 2 days a week or less.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  • Musculoskeletal injuries,

               -  cardio-respiratory conditions,

               -  metabolic conditions,

               -  irregular menstrual cycle,

               -  menstrual dysfunction or unusual sex hormone levels,

               -  on contraceptives,

               -  on medication that alter hormonal or cardio-respiratory responses,

               -  pre-menopausal symptoms,

               -  on moderate to high-intensity exercise regime more than 2d/week.

               -  All these exclusion criteria are chosen because any one of the listed criteria
                  above can alter the responses and/or affect the safety of the subject during
                  their participation in the study.
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Physical CAM Therapies for Chronic Low Back Pain

Eligibility criteria:
-  Low back pain duration of at least 3 months;

          -  Low back pain occurring in the past week;

          -  No numbness or tingling in the lower extremities;

          -  No pain that radiates to below the knee;

          -  No use of massage, chiropractic or acupuncture for any reason in the past year;

          -  Able to attend scheduled appointments;

          -  Able to hear, read, and understand English;

          -  No low back pain surgery in the past 3 years;

          -  No unexplained weight loss;

          -  No previous vertebral or spinal fractures;

          -  No previous non-traumatic bone fractures;

          -  No other spinal pathology, including scoliosis, spinal stenosis, osteoporosis, or
             ankylosing spondylitis;

          -  No cancer (except simple skin cancers) in the past 5 years;

          -  No pacemakers;

          -  No bleeding problems or anticoagulant use;

          -  No major organ transplants;

          -  No oral corticosteroid use for more than 4 consecutive weeks during the past year;

          -  Cannot be pregnant;

          -  Must be able to get down to and up from the floor by yourself;

          -  Able to walk 2 flat city blocks unassisted;

          -  Willing to participate in periodic telephone interviews.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Longitudinal Effects of Denosumab on Trabecular Bone Score and Femur Strength Index

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Subjects must meet the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for study entry:

               -  Post-menopausal female with diagnosed osteoporosis

               -  Age 40-90 years

               -  Completed 36 months of denosumab therapy (SQ; 60mg every 6 months) but not yet
                  received the 42 month injection

               -  Availability of DXA scans at the study-required time points, including the
                  willingness of subjects to undergo a DXA evaluation at 36 months, if required

               -  Provided written informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients will be excluded from this study for any of the following reasons:

               -  Received denosumab injections for less than 36 months

               -  Patients who have missed more than 1 dose of denosumab in a 36 month period

               -  Contra-indicated for treatment with denosumab

               -  History of rheumatoid arthritis

               -  Current diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism; hyperthyroidism; osteomalacia, or other
                  known diseases that can affect bone

               -  In the opinion of the investigator, have any kind of disorder that may compromise
                  the ability of the subject to provide written informed consent
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 90 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Zinc and Iron in Children With Short Stature

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  • children of both sexes.

               -  Age range: 4-18 years.

               -  patients fulfilling criteria of short stature.

          -  height is 2 standard deviations below normal .

          -  initial height below the third percentile on Egyptian growth chart. • Number of
             patients: will include 50 cases

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Skeletal dysplasia.

          -  Chromosomal anomalies
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 2 Years old.
Subject must be at most 18 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Safety and Efficacy of an Injectable Medical Device to Treat Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Symptomatic unilateral knee tibiofemoral OA

          -  Radiographic evidence of knee OA of Kellgren-Lawrence Grade II or III in one or both
             knees on a recent 3 months time X-Ray

          -  Knee pain within the last 24 hours before assessment more than 40mm on VAS

          -  Pain on most days in the last month

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Knee pain equal or more than 80mm on a 100mm VAS.

          -  Pain in the contra lateral knee; more than 30mm on a 100 VAS.

          -  Concomitant inflammatory joint disease (e.g. gout, rheumatoid arthritis, history of
             Reiter's syndrome, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

          -  Any condition that may interfere with the measure of pain in the targeted knee

          -  Concomitant meaningful synovial fluid effusion

          -  Post trauma OA

          -  Gross ligamentous instability of the knee
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Pharmacokinetic and Comparative Bioavailability Study of Testosterone Absorption After Administration of Testosterone Gel 1.62% to the Upper Arms/Shoulders Using an Application Site Rotation or a Combination of Application Sites in Hypogonadal Males

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria

          1. Hypogonadal males

          2. Screening testosterone <300 ng/dL

        Exclusion Criteria

          1. Smokers

          2. Previous history of or current or suspected prostate or breast cancer
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment