Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Ultrasound-guided Biopsy of the Pleura as a Supplement to Extraction of Fluid in Patients With One-sided Fluid in the Pleura

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age ≥ 18 years.

          -  Patients with a previous thoracentesis of a unilateral exudative pleural effusion
             according to Light's criteria (1) without malignant cells.

          -  CT thorax or PET-CT with contrast performed.

          -  Clinical suspicion of cancer such as (but not limited to) weight loss or PET-CT
             results or former cancer diagnosis.

          -  Patients must be able to give informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Bilateral pleural effusions.

          -  Known cause of pleural effusions.

          -  Life expectancy <3 months.

          -  Inability to understand written or spoken Danish.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): The patient is a 38-year-old man with cough and body ache that started 3 days ago.  He had fever and chills at the beginning and has low grade fever at the time of visit. He feels tired and sleepy. His body ache and myalgia get better after using Tylenol. The PCR test for Covid is positive. His vital signs are within normal limits with a body temperature of 37.9 C. There is no lymphadenopathy or white exudates in the pharynx.

Patient's own account: I was feeling really sick the other day, to the point that I showed up at the doctor's office. I was coughing, and my body was hurting for 3 days. I had a fever and chills and felt tired and sleepy. I got better after using Tylenol. They did a PCR Covid test on me, and it was positive! My vitals were normal, and my temperature was 37.9 C. I had no swelling around my neck or white spots on the back of my throat.

Clinical trial: Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis at Doppler Echo in Covid-19 Patients With SARS-Cov-2 Pneumopathy Hospitalized in ICU

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patient > or =18 years

          -  Hospitalization in intensive care

          -  PCR COVID 19+ or compatible clinical signs (fever, cough, myalgia, asthenia, loss of
             taste, anosmia) associated with compatible radiological signs

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnancy in progress

          -  Patient <18 years

          -  Patients deprived of freedoms or under guardianship

          -  Patient or family opponent of protocol participation

          -  patient on curative anticoagulant for more than 48H00

          -  impossible Venous Doppler Echo
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Evaluation of Apathy Using Attentional Reaction Test in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Elderly patients with diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease according to DSM-IV criteria

          -  MMSE >20

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  None

          -  Motor or psychiatric disorders
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 65 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Lumbar Paravertebral in Hernia Surgery

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Patients subjected to an elective unilateral inguinal hernia repair.

          2. American Society for Anesthesiologists physical status grades I and II.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        1. Parental refusal. 2. Neuromuscular diseases (as myopathies, myasthenia gravies, etc.) 3.
        Hematological diseases, bleeding or coagulation abnormality. 4. Psychiatric diseases. 5.
        Local skin infection and sepsis at the site of the block. 6. Known intolerance to the study
        drugs.

        -
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 3 Years old.
Subject must be at most 8 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Novel Methods for Ascertainment of Gout Flares -A Pilot Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  >/= to 18 yrs of age with Current physician diagnosed gout

          -  current hyperuricemia (serum urate level >6.8 mg/dl)

          -  self-report of at least two gout flares in the previous 6 months

          -  current smartphone user utilizing a FitBit compatible smart Phone (with the ability to
             download RheumPRO from Apple/Google Play store).
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of gritty sensation in her eyes. She also has difficulty swallowing dry foods with no pain or heartburn.  The patient is a schoolteacher and must drink water frequently during lectures due to her mouth dryness.  She also reports occasional joint pain.  Medical history is not significant other than the confirmed Sjogren disease with no other rheumatologic disease.  She is sexually active with her husband and has 2 children both delivered by natural vaginal delivery. She has no history of any kind of surgery. Physical examination shows conjunctival erythema and cracking of the lips. The remainder of the examination and history is normal. Her lab result shows elevated ESR (50 mm/h)

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a terrible gritty sensation in my eyes. It was also hard to swallow dry food, but it didn't burn, and there was no pain. I'm a 40-year-old female school teacher and I should drink water for the lectures because otherwise, my mouth gets really dry. I also have joint pain from time to time. I have been diagnosed with Sjogren disease but no other rheumatologic disease. I have a husband, we're sexually active, and I also have two lovely children that I delivered both naturally. I never undergone any surgery. Physical examination when I came to the clinic, and it showed cracking on my lips and a pink eye. The rest was fine. I also did some lab tests, and they came back with high ESR.

Clinical trial: Examining the Immunological Process of Autoimmune Patients

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria for Sjogren's syndrome patients:

          -  Primary Sjogren's syndrome patients: primary Sjogren's syndrome patients who meet the
             revised criteria for SjS diagnosis by the American-European Consensus Group.

          -  Secondary Sjogren's syndrome patients: secondary Sjogren's syndrome patients who meet
             the criteria for primary Sjogren's syndrome in association with other autoimmune
             diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus , dermatomyositis, scleroderma,
             idiopathic arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease, etc.

        Inclusion Criteria for healthy controls:

        -Subjects who does not have history of autoimmune diseases.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnant women.

          -  Patients with history of lymphoma or malignancy.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 9 Years old.
Subject must be at most 21 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the office for routine checkup. He is complaining of chronic cough and occasional but progressive dyspnea.  Other medical conditions include hypertension and osteoarthritis.  The patient smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and does not use alcohol or illicit drugs.  He used to be a construction worker. On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of both lungs.  Chest CT scan reveals a mild bilateral pleural effusion and diffuse thickening of the pleura. The patient's documents show chronic exposure to asbestosis. The specimen of the lungs reveled  pulmonary fibrosis that is most predominant in the lower lobes, characterized  by the presence of asbestos bodies (golden-brown beaded rods with translucent centers).

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old former construction worker. I'm a man and I smoke a pack of cigs a day but I don't drink or do drugs. I went to my routine checkup because I've been coughing so much lately. I also had shortness of breath and it got worse over time. I already suffer from hypertension and osteoarthritis. My doctor found that I have decreased breath sounds. I did a chest scan and it seems that I have fluid around my lungs, and the lining of my lungs has become thicker in many areas. I have been exposed a lot to asbestos fibers. The other lung exam showed that I have pulmonary fibrosis, especially in the lower part of my lungs and they found some asbestos there.

Clinical trial: A Randomised Study Evaluating Diagnostics of Pleural Effusion Among Patients Suspect of Cancer.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age 18 years or older patients with single previous thoracentesis of a unilateral
             pleural exudate according to Lights criteria without malignant cells.

          -  Lights Criteria:

        Pleural fluid protein/serum protein ratio greater than 0.5 pleural fluid LDH/serum LDH
        ratio greater than 0.6 Pleural fluid LDH greater than two-thirds the upper limits of the
        Laboratorys normal Serum LDH

          -  Contrast enhanced CT of the Chest and abdomen performed

          -  Clinical suspicion of cancer such as, but not limited to, weight loss, malaise, anemia

          -  Pet-CT results or former cancer diagnosis Informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  bilateral pleural effusions

          -  known cause of pleural effusion

          -  likely non-malignant course of a unilateral pleura effusion such as (but not
             restricted to) pneumonia, trauma, pleuritis, heart failure

          -  any contraindication to the study procedures
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Retention and Retrieval for Three Different Training Methods

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  willing to follow a BLS/AED course

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  CPR training within the last five years

          -  professional health care provider
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 15 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: The Effect of the GM-CSF Gel on the Endometrial Thickness in Infertile Women With Thin Endometrium

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Woman undergoes IVF treatment, 18-40 years old

          2. The endometrial thickness <7mm on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin during IVF
             or after taking oral estradiol valerate 6mg/d for 14 days.

          3. Embryo transfer is cancelled because of thin endometrium

          4. No intrauterine adhesion according to the 3-D ultrasonography

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Systemic diseases unable to conceive

          2. Chromasome abnormal

          3. History of G-CSF or GM-CSF allergy or untoward effect

          4. Thin endometrium related to clomid

          5. Severe or moderate uterine adhesion

          6. The influence factor of embryo implantation: hydrosalpinx, endometriosis,
             adenomyosis,myoma of uterus

          7. Uterine malformation, adenomyosis, uterine leiomyoma sized more than 2cm.

          8. Patients who is allergic to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor

          9. Patients with inflammation of reproductive organs, pelvic cavity inflammation,
             malignant tumor of reproductive organs and other systemic diseases that could cause
             metrorrhagia
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Antiangiogenic Factors in Gastric Cancer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Histologic diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma

          -  No other forms of cancer therapy, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy for at least 3
             weeks before the enrollment in study

          -  Performance status of 0, 1, 2 on the ECOG criteria

          -  ASA class I, II

          -  Patient compliance that allow adequate follow up

          -  Informed consent from patient or patient's relative.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Second primary malignancy

          -  EMR (Endoscopic mucosal resection) indication

          -  Laparoscopic gastrectomy

          -  Radiologic or clinical evidence of metastasis
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment