Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Phase IV Study of the Impact of Dietary Fibers on Symptoms and Esophageal Motility in Patients With Non-erosive GERD

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinical diagnosis of non-erosive form of Gastroesophageal Reflux disease

          -  Dietary fiber deficiency by dietary questionnaire

          -  pathological gastroesophageal reflux by 24-hours esophageal pH-impedance examination

          -  willingness to participate (signed informed consent)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  presence of esophageal mucosal damages (esophagitis) by endoscopic evaluation

          -  gastrointestinal surgery in anamnesis

          -  current pregnancy or breast-feeding

          -  known hypersensitivity to Mucofalk or its components
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Laparoscopic Groin Hernia Repair by a 3D ENDOLAP Visible Mesh With or Without LiquiBand Fix 8 Mesh Fixation

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  adult patients presenting with primary unilateral inguinal hernia

          -  patients planed for a laparoscopic repair

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Age below 18 years

          -  recurrent or incarcerated hernias

          -  open hernia repair and bilateral hernias

          -  concomitant repair of another kind of abdominal hernia

          -  combined surgical procedures

          -  no informed consent

          -  pregnant women

          -  ASA score 4 or more

          -  contra-indications for MRI scans.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Effects of a 12-week Combined Exercise Program on Ghrelins in Obese Adolescent Girls

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  girls between 16 and 18 years

          -  being classified as being overweight or obese defined with the 85th percentile of body
             mass index or above based on the 2007 growth chart for Korean children aged 2-18
             years.

          -  After consultation with a physician, they were required to be considered physically
             healthy enough to engage in regular exercise after school.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  participation in any weight-management programme in the past 6 months

          -  engagement in other exercise programs except for regular physical education at school

          -  smoking

          -  amenorrhea for consecutive 2 months or more

          -  being treated for hereditary diseases, mental disorder, hypertension, diabetes
             mellitus, or musculoskeletal impairments

          -  taking any medication or supplements for weight control
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 16 Years old.
Subject must be at most 18 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of an acute vision disturbance. He had an episode of vision disturbance in the right eye that occurred suddenly and resolved spontaneously in 15 minutes. He also has right jaw pain while chewing.  He also complains of fatigue and hip muscle aches over the last several months.  The patient has a history of mild hyperlipidemia that has been controlled by diet and lifestyle modifications.  On examination, his blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg and pulse is 66/min.  Neurological examination is unremarkable.  Visual examination is also normal. ESR is 103 mm/h. Temporal artery biopsy shows multinuclear giant cells and internal elastic membrane fragmentation.

Patient's own account: I’m a 61-year-old man and I came to the ER because I had a sudden episode where I couldn’t see out of my right eye. It only lasted about 15 minutes and went away on its own but it really scared me. I’ve also been having pain in my right jaw when I chew. For the past few months I’ve felt really tired and noticed my hips ache a lot. I have a history of mild cholesterol issues but I’ve been managing that with my diet and lifestyle. When the doctors checked me my blood pressure and pulse were normal and my vision and neurological exams didn’t show anything wrong. However they ran some tests and said my ESR levels were very high and a biopsy of my temporal artery showed some inflammation and damage.

Clinical trial: Giant Intracranial Aneurysm Registry

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  diagnosis of a giant intracranial aneurysm

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  age younger than 18
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 43-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, comes to the clinic complaining of recently painful menstrual cycles.  The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Urine β-hCG is negative. Menarche was at age 12, and menstrual periods occur every 28 days and lasts for 5 days.  She is sexually active with her husband and does not have pain with intercourse. BMI is 23 kg/m2 and Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the uterus is uniformly enlarged and tender. She is candidate for hysterectomy with the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Patient's own account: I'm 43, and I paid a visit to my doctor because my last few periods were insanely painful. My last periods were 2 weeks ago. I already had three pregnancies that gave me the three lovely children. I did a urine test to check for potential pregnancy, and it came back negative. I started to have my periods at the age of 12, and I have been pretty regular with periods every 28 days for 5 days. I'm sexually active with my husband and I do not have any pain when we have sex. My BMI is 23 and my vitals were normal. The doctor performed a physical exam and found that my uterus was tender and enlarged. She proposed me a hysterectomy and diagnosed me with adenomyosis.

Clinical trial: Menstrual Cycle on Injection Pain of Rocuronium

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  American Society of Anesthesiology Classification (ASA) I-II

          -  18-45 years

          -  Regular menstrual cycle

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Irregular menstrual cycles

          -  Patients receiving hormones or drugs affecting the ovulatory cycle

          -  Amenorrhea

          -  Pregnancy

          -  Climacteric patients
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Mono-menotropins Versus rFSH Protocol on Embryo Quality

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients undergoing IVF in an attempt to achieve pregnancy.

          -  Day 2-4 Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) < 10 IU/ml, LH< 12 IU/ml, and estradiol <50
             pg/ml on day 2-4 of menstrual cycle

          -  Antimullerian Hormone > 1.5

          -  Between 10 and 20 basal antral follicles on day 2-4 of the menstrual cycle

          -  Body weight >50 kg, with BMI > 18 and < 32 kg/m2

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Smokers

          -  Polycystic ovarian disease

          -  Endometriosis greater than Stage I

          -  Testicular aspirated sperm

          -  Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) for single gene disorder

          -  Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS) banking cycles

          -  Donor Egg Cycles
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 21 Years old.
Subject must be at most 38 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Value of Additional Upfront Systematic Lung Ultrasound in the Workup of Patients With Unilateral Pleural Effusion

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age ≥ 18 years.

          -  Unilateral pleural effusion of unknown course.

          -  Patients must be able to give informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Bilateral pleural effusions.

          -  Known cause of pleural effusions.

          -  Life expectancy <3 months.

          -  Inability to understand written or spoken Danish.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of arthralgias and nodules on her legs.  She has no fever or other skin rashes. The prior medical condition is unremarkable, and she takes no medications.  On physical examination, there is moderate hepatomegaly. The lesions on her legs are tender and present predominantly on the anterior surface of the lower extremities. She doesn't smoke and drinks alcohol occasionally. The patient has 2 male sexual partners. Vital signs are normal. Chest x-ray demonstrates enlarged hilar lymph nodes, and laboratory testing reveals an elevated ACE level. Biopsy of the skin lesion shows noncaseating granulomas that stain negative for fungi & acid-fast bacilli.

Patient's own account: I'm just a 39-year-old young woman but lately I have noticed some underlying cysts on my legs and my joints were hurting so much. I don't have a fever. I don't have rashes. My medical history is totally clean and I don't take any medication. When I went to the clinic they did a physical examination where they found that my liver is enlarged. They also found that the lesions on my legs are kind of tender and they are located on the front side of my legs. I do not smoke and I drink alcohol occasionally. I have to male sexual partners. On the day of my visit my vitals were fine. I did an X-ray of my chest and I had swollen lymph nodes. I also has a blood test and it came back with a high ACE level. I also had a biopsy of my skin lesions that came back negative for fungi and AFB.

Clinical trial: Validation of a Non-invasive Diagnostic Method for Sarcoidosis Using Exhaled Breath

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with confirmed sarcoidosis

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  (ex-) smokers

          -  for healthy controls: controls with pulmonary disease excluded
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Wearable Technology to Assess Gait Function in SMA and DMD

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. One of the following categories:

               -  Genetic confirmation of spinal muscular atrophy

               -  Genetic confirmation of Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy or evidence on
                  muscle biopsy with a clinical presentation consistent with DMD/BMD

               -  Healthy individuals.

          2. Able to walk independently at least 25 meters

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Unable to walk 25 meters independently.

          2. Use of investigational medications intended for the treatment of SMA or DMD/BMD within
             30 days prior to study entry.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 5 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Characterizing Stray Energy Injuries During Robotic Surgery

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients will be recruited in the general surgery clinic once the presence of an
             operable, inguinal hernia has been identified.

          -  All patients with a unilateral, symptomatic, inguinal hernia, and

          -  Who are surgical candidates for a laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Under 18 years,

          -  Emergent hernia repairs,

          -  Recurrent hernias,

          -  Bilateral hernias, and

          -  Incarcerated bowel.
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Efficacy of DA-5204 on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age is over 20 years old, under 75 years old, men or women

          -  Patients diagnosed with erosive esophagitis by gastroscopy

          -  Signed the informed consent forms

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients who is impossible to receive gastroscopy

          -  Patients with esophageal stricture, esophageal varix, Barrett's esophagus, peptic
             ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding

          -  Patients administered with prokinetics, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump
             inhibitors, anticholinergic drugs or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs prior to
             study in 4 weeks

          -  Patients with surgery related to gastroesophageal

          -  Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

          -  Patients with any kind of malignant tumor

          -  Patients administered with anti-thrombotic drugs

          -  Patients with significant cardiovascular, pulmonary, heptic, renal, hemopoietic or
             endocrine system primary disease

          -  Patients with neuropsychiatric disorder, alcoholism, or drug abuse

          -  Patients taking other investigational drugs or participating in other clinical studies
             in 4 weeks.

          -  Women either pregnant or breast feeding
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction