Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Molecular Analysis of Patients With Neuromuscular Disease

Eligibility criteria:
The samples used in this study will be derived from individuals at risk for, or suffering
        from, neuromuscular disease, generally resulting in clinical weakness of one or more muscle
        groups and their family members.

        Inclusion criteria:

          1. having a clinical and/or pathological diagnosis of a muscular dystrophy

          2. being the first degree relative of someone with such a diagnosis

          3. having had a muscle biopsy if diagnosed with a neuromuscular disease

          4. willingness to provide a skin biopsy for research only

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. not having such a diagnosis and not being related to such an individual

          2. not wishing to participate

          3. being incapable of giving consent and not having a legal guardian willing or able to
             do so
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.

Subject must be at most 100 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the office for routine checkup. He is complaining of chronic cough and occasional but progressive dyspnea.  Other medical conditions include hypertension and osteoarthritis.  The patient smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and does not use alcohol or illicit drugs.  He used to be a construction worker. On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of both lungs.  Chest CT scan reveals a mild bilateral pleural effusion and diffuse thickening of the pleura. The patient's documents show chronic exposure to asbestosis. The specimen of the lungs reveled  pulmonary fibrosis that is most predominant in the lower lobes, characterized  by the presence of asbestos bodies (golden-brown beaded rods with translucent centers).

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old former construction worker. I'm a man and I smoke a pack of cigs a day but I don't drink or do drugs. I went to my routine checkup because I've been coughing so much lately. I also had shortness of breath and it got worse over time. I already suffer from hypertension and osteoarthritis. My doctor found that I have decreased breath sounds. I did a chest scan and it seems that I have fluid around my lungs, and the lining of my lungs has become thicker in many areas. I have been exposed a lot to asbestos fibers. The other lung exam showed that I have pulmonary fibrosis, especially in the lower part of my lungs and they found some asbestos there.

Clinical trial: Chest Ultrasound of ER Patients With Cough or SOB

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Presenting to the Emergency Department with cough, wheezing and/or dyspnea (shortness
             of breath)

          -  Referred for CXR and/or CT scan

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Life threatening medical condition requiring immediate treatment

          -  Unable to sit up for a chest ultrasound

          -  Unable to consent

          -  Pregnant

          -  Unable to speak, read and write in English
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle Electrophysiologic Therapy on Enhanced Recovery After Gynecologic Surgery

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        .After electrocision of intrauterine adhesions;

        .Or after common gynecologic laparoscopic surgery，patients occurred muscle pain or patients
        occurred urinary retention.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnancy;

          -  Suspected acute inflammation of the genitourinary system;

          -  Postoperative persistent vaginal bleeding;

          -  Patients have vaginal stenosis;

          -  Patients have implantation of a pacemaker with a cardiac pacemaker;

          -  Patients have a malignant pelvic organ tumor; .Patients have nervous system disease
             (dementia or unstable seizures),who cannot actively cooperate with the treatment.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 17-year-old male comes to the office due to several months of right elbow pain.  The pain is worse with activity and limits his workouts and activities.  He has tried over-the-counter medications with limited relief.  Medical history is notable for eczema, and current medications include a topical hydrocortisone ointment.  He is sexually active with his girlfriend and uses condoms. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. He plays tennis most of the days of the week. The comprehensive evaluation shows pain on the lateral side of the elbow, made worse by pressure applied on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and when making a fist with the elbow joint straightened. The patient has this pain since last year and had several courses of physical therapy.

Patient's own account: I'm 17, and I had to go to the doctor because I've been suffering from my right elbow for several months. The pain is even worse when I do sports and it kind of limits me for my workouts and activities. I tried over-the-counter medications but it didn't work much. I had eczema before and my medication is ointments that contain cortisone. I am sexually active as a 17-year-old guy, and I have a girlfriend, and we use condoms. I don't smoke or drink. I play tennis most days of the week. I did an exam that showed pain on the side of my elbow and it was worse when they applied some pressure on it and when I was putting my hand as a fist. I have had this pain since last year, and I had several sessions of physical therapy already.

Clinical trial: Corticosteroid Injection for Common Upper Extremity Problems

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age 18 to 64 years

          -  onset of pain within the past 6 months

          -  willing to try a steroid injection in the elbow

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  systemic inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)

          -  pregnancy

          -  prior steroid injection, iontophoresis treatments with corticosteroids, or surgery for
             their pain

          -  history of adverse reaction to lidocaine
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of hand tremor that started few months ago.  It is most bothering when he wants to drink from a glass or pour from a bottle. He does not smoke, but drinks occasionally. He recently started consuming more alcohol as his tremor subsides somewhat when he drinks small amounts of alcohol.  Family history is significant for similar problems in his mother.  Vital signs are normal and the patient has no other medical conditions.  Neurologic examination shows bilateral tremor in the upper extremities. The diagnosis of essential tremor is confirmed.

Patient's own account: I'm only a 60 years old man but I already suffer from shaky hands. It started a few months ago, and it really bothers me when I want to pour myself a glass or even while drinking. I don't smoke, but I drink alcohol from time to time. To be honest, I've been drinking a little more lately since it helps me with the shaking. My mom had the same issue when she was my age. The doctor took my vitals, and they were normal. I don't have any other medical issues. I underwent neurological exams and it showed that I’m shaky from both sides. The doctor diagnosed me with essential tremor.

Clinical trial: Motor-related Cortical Potential in Patients With Essential Tremor

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Bilateral postural tremor with or without kinetic tremor involving hands or forearms,
             which is visible and persistent, and long-standing in duration (>5 years). Tremor
             involving body parts other than upper limbs may be present, the tremor may be
             asymmetrical, amplitude may fluctuate, and the tremor may or may not produce
             disability.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Neurological signs, except for Froment's sign

          -  Causes of enhanced physiologic tremor

          -  Concurrent or recent exposure to tremorgenic drugs

          -  Direct or indirect trauma to the central and peripheral nervous system

          -  Historical or clinical evidence of psychogenic origins of tremor

          -  Convincing evidence of sudden onset or evidence of stepwise deterioration
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of hand tremor that started few months ago.  It is most bothering when he wants to drink from a glass or pour from a bottle. He does not smoke, but drinks occasionally. He recently started consuming more alcohol as his tremor subsides somewhat when he drinks small amounts of alcohol.  Family history is significant for similar problems in his mother.  Vital signs are normal and the patient has no other medical conditions.  Neurologic examination shows bilateral tremor in the upper extremities. The diagnosis of essential tremor is confirmed.

Patient's own account: I'm only a 60 years old man but I already suffer from shaky hands. It started a few months ago, and it really bothers me when I want to pour myself a glass or even while drinking. I don't smoke, but I drink alcohol from time to time. To be honest, I've been drinking a little more lately since it helps me with the shaking. My mom had the same issue when she was my age. The doctor took my vitals, and they were normal. I don't have any other medical issues. I underwent neurological exams and it showed that I’m shaky from both sides. The doctor diagnosed me with essential tremor.

Clinical trial: Mirror Box Therapy as a Treatment Option for Functional Movement Disorders

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Patients diagnosed with functional movement disorder by a fellowship trained movement
             disorders neurologist, presenting predominantly with unilateral or asymmetrical
             bilateral involuntary movement in the upper extremity

          2. In patients with bilateral involuntary movements, the symptoms in one arm must be
             minimal

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Patients with moderate to severe involuntary movement in both arms

          2. Significant cognitive impairment that prevents proper informed consent

          3. Severe involuntary movement that interferes with the use of the apparatus

          4. Patients with hemiparesis or the loss of one arm due to various reasons (e.g.
             amputations, birth defects, etc.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: A Study of the Effect on Pain Control of Treatment With Fentanyl, Administered Through the Skin, Compared With Placebo in Patients With Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or the knee (as defined by the American
             College of Rheumatology) and radiological evidence of OA from the target joint

          -  patients must be in need of and waiting for hip or knee replacement

          -  patients with chronic pain for longer than 3 months for >=20 days/month

          -  patients with moderate to severe OA pain of the target joint (VAS score >=50 on a
             scale of 0-100), whose pain was not adequately controlled with weak opioids, with or
             without non-opioid pain medication

          -  women must be postmenopausal or using adequate contraception, have a negative
             pregnancy test at study initiation, and not be breastfeeding.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients who had previously failed fentanyl therapy or had discontinued treatment due
             to adverse events

          -  known allergy or hypersensitivity to fentanyl or to the adhesives

          -  patients being treated for depression or epilepsy

          -  patients who received sedative hypnotics, anaesthetics and/or muscle relaxants in the
             week preceding the Run-In Period

          -  patients experiencing another type of continuous pain that stands out in comparison
             with OA pain

          -  patients with major trauma to the target joints, infection in these joints, or
             irreversible damage to these joints during the 6 months before the study.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 41 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: The Effect of Low Electrical Current on Testicular Spermatocyte Count

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Men with primary infertility defined as a state of Azoospermia.

          -  Men with pathological sperm tests indices as defined by the WHO.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Men with genetic syndromes, and states of Azoospermia secondary to chemotherapy, bone
             marrow transplantation or radiation.
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 21 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Fragility Fracture Liaison Service and Anti-osteoporosis Medication Monitoring Service Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age >=50 and one of the below

          -  New hip fracture in orthopedic ward

          -  Newly identified radiographic vertebral fractures from plan films in geriatric ward or
             clinical vertebral fractures in outpatient clinics

          -  Newly prescribed with AOMs

          -  Recent change of AOMs

          -  Poor adherence to AOMs

          -  Participating physicians feel that the service will benefit the patient in overall
             osteoporosis and medication managements.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Life expectancy less than 2 years or can't be assessed for communication problems

          -  Atypical fractures

          -  Patient in other medication clinical trials

          -  Unwilling to accept the assessment and treatment
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Ultrasound Characterization of Ovarian Follicle Dynamics in Women With Amenorrhea

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Between 18 and 35 years

          -  BMI ≥ 18 kg/m2

          -  If ≥ 21 years old, must have had healthy pelvic exam w/in past 2 years

        Either:

          -  Regular menstrual cycles (21-35 days);

          -  Irregular menstrual cycles (>36 days) with or without a previous diagnosis of PCOS
             from a primary care provider

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Current use of medication(s) known or suspected to interfere with reproductive
             function (eg. oral contraceptives) or insulin sensitivity

          -  Pregnant or breastfeeding

          -  Not otherwise healthy
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 35 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction