Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Developing Optimal Parameters for Hyperpolarized Noble Gas and Inert Fluorinated Gas MRI of Lung Disorders

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Is either:

               1. A healthy volunteer (i.e.: someone not diagnosed with a lung disorder written
                  below; this may include smokers who have not been diagnosed with a lung disorder)
                  or

               2. Has been diagnosed with one of the following respiratory disorders: lung
                  transplants, lung resection, lung cancer, asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic
                  obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, mesothelioma, asbestosis, pulmonary
                  embolism, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, seasonal
                  allergies, pneumonia, cold virus, lung infection, pulmonary hypertension,
                  pulmonary dysplasia, obstructive sleep apnea

          -  Able to provide informed consent

          -  Able to hold their breath for imaging:

               1. Healthy volunteers enrolled in this study must be able to hold their breath for
                  25 seconds

               2. Lung disorder participants must be able to hold their breath for 15 seconds

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Have contraindication to MR imaging (i.e. ferrous implants, cardiac pacemakers) -
             determined by MR screening prior to scans.

          -  Have a history of claustrophobia.

          -  Female exclusion only: are or may be pregnant.

          -  Requires an oxygen mask and cannot use a nasal cannula.

          -  Blood oxygen saturation is below 92% (measured at rest in a sitting position, and with
             an O2 nasal cannula if the participant normally uses one).

          -  Has had an acute respiratory infection in the past 10 days.

          -  Is a student currently enrolled in a course at Lakehead University where the Principal
             Investigator (PI) is the instructor.

          -  Is a student currently enrolled in a degree program at Lakehead University where the
             PI is their direct thesis supervisor.

          -  Is currently an employee of the PI at the Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute
             (TBRRI) and/or Lakehead University.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment