Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Relationship Between Alzheimer Disease and Diminution of the Three Macular Nervous Retinal Layers

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients having a consultation in the Research and Resources Memory Center of Amiens
             (RRMC) ,

          -  patients registered in the Alzheimer National Bank and having an Alzheimer Disease
             based on NIA-AA (McKahnn2011)and IWG2 (Dubois et al, 2014) criteria or, having a Lewy
             body disease based on revised criteria of McKeith et al 2020

          -  patients having a complete neuropsychological evaluation including a visual inspection
             time.

          -  patients having a MMSE ≥ 18/30 so as to ensure a good homogeneity of the group and to
             have an adequate ocular exam's quality.

          -  patients having an available MRI in the CHU's database including a 3DT1 sequence

          -  patients having a visual acuity better than 5/10, spherical refraction of +/- 5D, an
             astigmatism < 3D and an applanation IOP <22mmHg

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Any other neurocognitive disorder

          -  Any other optical neuropathy including glaucoma

          -  All kind of retinal disease (diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration…)

          -  Diabetes mellitus

          -  Uncontrolled hypertension blood pressure

          -  Any ophthalmological conditions interfering with a good ocular examination or OCT
             quality (cataract, corneal opacity..)

          -  Severe dementia preventing a good ophthalmological examination

          -  Not consenting patient

          -  Patient with guardianship or curatorship having symptoms preventing a good
             ophthalmological examination (agitation, unstable ocular fixation)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction