Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Knee Osteoarthritis Risk in Retired Professional Footballers

Eligibility criteria:
Phase I

        Inclusion Criteria:

        • All current or retired professional male footballers (Registered with the Professional
        Footballer Association (age range 40 -80)

        Phase II

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Professional footballers both with and without a history of knee pain knee OA or knee
             surgical history

          -  No contraindications of the affected joint such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis

          -  Willingness to participate in a clinical assessment of the knee and provision of blood
             samples.

        Phase III

        Inclusion Criteria for controls:

          -  Over the age of 40 (age range 40 - 80)

          -  Both with and without a history of knee pain over at least the last 1 year

          -  No history of significant trauma, injury or surgery to the lower limb

          -  American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification of OA based on physical
             examination and clinical presentation: Pain in the knee and three of the following;
             over the age of 50, less than 30 minutes of morning stiffness, crepitus on active
             motion, bony tenderness, bony enlargement and no palpable warmth of synovium.

        Phase I

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Not a registered professional footballer (current or past)

          -  Inaccurate information (discrepancy with questionnaire information compared to other
             football records. This will be verified by the co-investigator, Dr Fernandes and Mr
             Sanjay Parekh)

          -  Incomplete questionnaire or duplicate questionnaire.

        Phase II

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Not a registered professional footballer

          -  No written informed consent to participate

        Phase III

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Aged 39 and under

          -  Comorbidities such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, osteoporosis

          -  History of injury, trauma or surgery to the lower limb.
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction