Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Assessing Gestational Age in First Trimester Pregnancies Using Ultrasound

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Presenting requesting medical or surgical abortion

          2. Estimated to be under 13 weeks gestational age based on last menstrual period or time
             of conception, or nurses best estimate.

          3. Able to provide informed consent with adult supervision of a minor or with an
             interpreter present

        Exclusion Criteria:

        1. Unable to provide informed consent
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 12 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Freedom Inguinal Hernia Repair System Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Scheduled to undergo routine inguinal hernia repair

          -  Competent to give consent

          -  Clinically relevant inguinal hernia (classification: NYHUS I, II, IIIa)

          -  Defect size at operation is between 5mm and 35mm

          -  Diagnosed with unilateral, direct, indirect or mixed inguinal hernia

          -  Primary hernia at the operative site

          -  Male or female

          -  Life expectancy of at least 12 months

          -  At least 18 years of age

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Signs of obvious local or systemic infection

          -  Any previous surgery on the hernia operative site

          -  Hernia is not in the inguinal area

          -  Hernia is not identified as indirect or direct

          -  Femoral hernias

          -  Known collagen disorder

          -  Presenting with unstable angina or NYHA class of IV

          -  Known Pregnancy

          -  Active drug user

          -  Recurrence of a repair by any method

          -  Patients with giant inguinoscrotal hernia or abdominal wall defect >35 mm in diameter
             - e.g. large direct or combined inguinal hernia type Nyhus IIIb / EHS P L/M 1/2/3

          -  Immunosuppression, prednisone>15 mg/day, active chemotherapy

          -  End stage renal disease

          -  Abdominal ascites

          -  Skin infection in area of surgical field

          -  BMI >35

          -  Peritoneum cannot be closed
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Injury Epidemiology Within Scottish Professional Football

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Professional football player contracted to an SPFL club

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Loss of professional status as a footballer
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: A Gene Transfer Study for Hemophilia A

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Males age18 years or older

          -  Confirmed diagnosis of hemophilia A as evidenced by their medical history with plasma
             FVIII activity levels ≤ 2% of normal

          -  Have received >150 exposure days (EDs) to FVIII concentrates or cryoprecipitate

          -  Have experienced >10 bleeding events over the previous 12 months only if receiving
             on-demand therapy and having FVIII baseline level 1-2% of normal

          -  Have no prior history of allergic reaction to any FVIII product

          -  Have no measurable inhibitor against Factor VIII as assessed by the central laboratory
             and have no prior history of inhibitors to FVIII protein

          -  Agree to use reliable barrier contraception

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Evidence of active hepatitis B or C

          -  Currently on antiviral therapy for hepatitis B or C

          -  Have significant underlying liver disease

          -  Have serological evidence* of HIV-1 or HIV-2 with CD4 counts ≤200/mm3 (* participants
             who are HIV+ and stable with CD4 count >200/mm3 and undetectable viral load are
             eligible to enroll)

          -  Have detectable antibodies reactive with AAV-Spark200 capsid

          -  Participated in a gene transfer trial within the last 52 weeks or in a clinical trial
             with an investigational product within the last 12 weeks
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Initiation of Allopurinol at First Medical Contact for Acute Attacks of Gout

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  First medical contact for acute attack of gout.

          -  ACR criteria for acute attack of gout

          -  Crystal proven by arthrocentesis on day of enrollment

          -  Primary gout

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Secondary Gout

          -  Tophaceous Gout

          -  Prior steroid, colchicine, or uric acid lowering therapy in the past 6 months.

          -  Uncontrolled CHF

          -  Unstable angina

          -  Renal insufficiency (entry CREAT > 1.3)

          -  Anticoagulant therapy

          -  Immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy in the past 6 months

          -  Pregnancy; OR

          -  Known allergy to NSAID, colchicine, or allopurinol
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 15-week-old infant brought to the clinic for the follow up. The infant has flat facies, small ears, a single palmar crease, and upward slanting eyes. He was born on 39th week to a 39-year-old woman who didn't have prenatal care. The medical record confirms the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Down syndrome). The infant is otherwise healthy.

Patient's own account: My newborn, who is only 15 weeks old, had one of his follow-up appointments. The doctor pointed out that my baby had a flat face, small ears, only one palm line, and small eyes. He was born on his 39th week, while I was 39. What a coincidence! To be honest, I did not go to the doctor during my pregnancy. The doctor diagnosed my baby with Down syndrome. Apart from that he's healthy.

Clinical trial: Interrater Reliability of Infant Motor Profile

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinical Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy

          -  Clinical Diagnosis of Down Syndrome

          -  Clinical Diagnosis of Spina Bifida

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Uncontrolled Epilepsy

          -  Severe Congenital Disorders
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 3 Months old.
Subject must be at most 24 Months

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 31-year-old woman comes to the office due to 3 days of rash on her left arm.  The lesion is mildly pruritic but not painful.  She is otherwise healthy and occasionally takes ibuprofen during the first few days of her menstrual period.  Temperature is 37 C, blood pressure is 110/75 mm Hg, and pulse is 95/min. The lesion is like a target sign known as erythema migrans. She recently went for an adventure trip in New Hampshire. The patient is diagnosed with Lyme disease.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a rash on my left arm for three days, and the lesion started to be putrid, but it was not painful. I'm a 31-year-old healthy woman and the only medication I use is ibuprofen when I get my periods. They took my temperature, which turned out to be 37°C and took my blood pressure which was 110/75 and my pulse 95. My lesion is round like a target sign. I just came back from a New Hampshire road trip with my friends. Unfortunately, the doctor diagnosed me with Lyme disease.

Clinical trial: Culture Media for Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  erythema migrans in patients > 18 years

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  pregnancy or lactation

          -  taking antibiotic with antiborrelial activity within 10 days

          -  erythema migrans localized on face or neck

        Each patient (235 subjects) provided two skin samples (470 skin samples).
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Diagnostic Value of Linked Color Imaging for Minimal Change Esophagitis in Nonerosive Reflux Esophagitis and GERD

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  age more than 18 year old

          -  ability to provide written informed consent and undergoing an upper endoscopy

          -  no PPI therapy in previous 2 weeks and no esophageal tumor or stenosis or history of
             esophageal surgery

          -  Patients with more than 3 reflux episodes/week and absence of mucosal breaks at
             conventional endoscopy，The PPI test was positive

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  unable to provide informed consent

          -  erosive esophagitis or diagnosis of erosive esophagitis within the recent 6 months

          -  presence of columnar lined epithelium

          -  evidence of cancer or mass lesion in the esophagus, gastric lesions (ulcer, polyp,
             cancer)

          -  previous gastrointestinal surgery

          -  esophageal strictures

          -  chronic use of medications known to affect esophageal motility

          -  presence of systemic diseases that might interfere with esophageal motility

          -  use of proton pump inhibitors(PPI) or histamine2-receptor antagonists in the last 4
             weeks
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: To Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of Hyruan ONE Versus a Comparator for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis in Europe

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Subject is ≥40 years old.

          2. Subject has radiographic evidence of mild-to-moderate OA (Kellgren Lawrence Scale
             grade II III) in one or both knees. Radiographs to be taken within 12 months prior to
             the Screening visit.

          3. Subject has OA pain in the target knee despite conservative physical treatments and/or
             analgesics.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Subject has rheumatoid arthritis or other inflammatory metabolic arthritis.

          2. Subject has a documented history of hypersensitivity to HA.

          3. Subject has a documented infection or severe inflammation of the target knee joint.

          4. Subject has a skin disease in the area of the injection site.

          5. Subject has a clinically apparently tense effusion of the target knee on examination
             determined by either a positive bulge sign or positive ballottement of the patella
             (patellar tap).

          6. Subject has chronic pain requiring chronic ongoing analgesic therapy that confounds
             the measurement of pain in the target knee.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: Evaluation of the Effect of Acupuncture on Hand Pain, Functional Deficits and Health Related Quality of Life in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Compliance inform consent

          -  Patients with RA

          -  Fulfill The ACR criteria of RA

          -  Impairment of the hand strength with or without pain in the hands during the grip
             procedure

          -  Chronic pain: either persistent or intermittent over a minimum period of three months
             prior to recruitment

          -  Current pain: greater than 30/ 100 mm on a pain visual analogue scale (VAS) within the
             last 24 hours despite medication

          -  Patients on stable dose treatment for at least 3 weeks

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Under the age of 18 years

          -  Previously had acupuncture

          -  Localized skin infections

          -  Severe chronic or uncontrolled co-morbid disease

          -  The wish to get a pension.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction