Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old female has prolonged oral bleeding immediately after a tooth extraction.  Despite several interventions, the bleeding persists for hours and stops only after desmopressin (DDAVP) administration.  The patient has heavy menstrual cycles each month.  She has no other medical problems and takes no medications.  Her mother and grandmother have also had excessive bleeding during menstrual period.  Review of systems is positive for mild bruising on his legs. Laboratory findings reveal a normal platelet count and an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay, as well as CB <= 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C <= 0.40 IU/mL.

Patient's own account: I'm a 23 woman and I went to the ER because of non-stop bleeding after my tooth extraction. I tried to make the bleeding stop but it just kept going for hours and it finally stopped when I took some medication called DDAVP. I usually have heavy periods, just like my mom and grandma had. I don't have any other medical condition and I don't take any other medication. The doctor noticed the bruises on my legs. I had to do some lab tests. I had a normal platelet count but an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay. I had low CB and FVIII:C levels.

Clinical trial: Study of a 4-phasic Oral Contraceptive for the Treatment of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Women 18 years or older in generally good health with a diagnosis of heavy menstrual
             bleeding without organic pathology, requesting contraception

          -  Willingness to use barrier contraception (e.g., condoms) from screening to study
             completion

          -  Willingness to use and collect sanitary protection (pads and tampons) provided by the
             sponsor and compatible with the alkaline hematin test throughout study completion

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Current diagnosis of organic uterine bleeding

          -  History of endometrial ablation, or dilatation and curettage within 2 months of Visit
             1.

          -  Clinically significant pelvic findings (whether or not confirmed by transvaginal
             ultrasound [TVU]).

          -  Clinically significant abnormal results of breast examination (breast palpation).

          -  Positive pregnancy test at Visit 1

          -  Less than three months since delivery, abortion, or lactation before to start Visit 1

          -  Other contraceptive methods

          -  Any disease or condition that may worsen under hormonal treatment

          -  Smokers over the age of 35

          -  Body mass index >32
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Alginate-based Reflux Suppressant and Magnesium-aluminium Antacid Gel for Treatment of Heartburn in Pregnancy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnant women gestational age less than 36 weeks with heartburn

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Having medical disease that contraindicated to use study drug

          -  Allergic to alginate-based reflux suppressant and magnesium-aluminium antacid gel
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: The Effect of Food Taste, Temperature, and Viscosity on Swallowing Efficiency

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Normal Volunteers:

               -  Older than 55 years of age

               -  No history of voice, swallowing, reflux, or progressive neurologic disease
                  affecting the swallowing mechanism.

               -  A normal self-administered dysphagia questionnaire (EAT-10 score of less than
                  three)

          -  Patients with Dysphagia

               -  Older than 55 years of age

               -  Patients with the following condition: Dysphagia, globus, gastroesophageal
                  reflux, or any other condition requiring referral for a dynamic swallowing study.

               -  Patients willing to provide written informed consent for their participation in
                  the study.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Patients unable to complete the administration of the full taste and viscosity
             protocol.

          2. Patients with profound dysphagia unable to safely consume the test solutions.

          3. Patients with known sensitivities or allergies to any of the test solutions.

          4. Patients who are prisoners.

          5. Patients have a history of diabetes.

          6. Patients who are unable to follow the simple instructions to swallow the test
             solutions on instruction and answer the questionnaire.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 55 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: The Effect of Patient's Position After Intra-tympanic Injection on the Amount of Fluid in the Middle Ear

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients diagnosed with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss, treated using
             intra-tympanic injection of steroids to the middle ear

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with abnormal sense of taste

          -  Middle or inner ear anomaly

          -  Eustachian tube dysfunction
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Assessing Use Of Mifepristone After Progestin Priming For Use As "Missed Period Pills"

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age 18-49 years

          -  General good health

          -  Does not want to be pregnant

          -  History of regular monthly menstrual cycles (±3 days)

          -  Missed menses of 1 to 10 days as verified by report of last menstrual period

          -  Sexual activity in the past month

          -  Willing and able to sign consent forms

          -  Willing to return for a follow-up visit

          -  Willing to provide a urine sample at enrollment and at follow-up

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Known allergies or contraindications to mifepristone

          -  Symptoms of or risk factors for ectopic pregnancy, such as vaginal bleeding or
             spotting within the past week; unilateral pelvic pain or significant bilateral pelvic
             pain within the past week; prior ectopic pregnancy; prior permanent contraception or
             other tubal surgery

          -  Current use of an IUD, contraceptive implant or injectable
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 49 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: The Relationship Between Cold Water Immersion and the Progression in Gout Arthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  People with gouty arthritis in the knee or ankle or metatarsophalangeal or
             metacarpophalangeal or olecranon bursa or wrist

          -  Participants were Indonesian nationals aged ≥18 years

          -  They had visited a clinic of the Public CHS of Tomohon City

          -  They had agreed to participate in the study.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Participants who self-reported the presence of other types of inflammatory arthritis,
             including RA or spondyloarthritis
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Repair of Groin Hernias After Abdominal Prostatectomy With Robotic TAPP

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Adult patients

          -  Underwent uni-or bilateral groin hernia repair in the period March 2015 - March 2020

          -  Groin hernia repair via robotic assisted laparoscopy or open surgery

          -  History of abdominal prostatectomy before the groin hernia repair

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Age below 18

          -  Groin hernia repair via conventional laparoscopy

          -  Groin hernia repair via open surgery other than Liechtenstein method

          -  Groin hernia repair without mesh placement
Male

Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 33-year-old woman comes to clinic complaining of progressive fatigue, decreased appetite, and 11-lb weight loss in the past 2 months.  She uses levothyroxine because of the previously diagnosed Hashimoto disease. She has no other medical conditions and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Physical examination shows a generalized increase in pigmentation of the skin.  Measurement of serum cortisol before and after administration of exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) shows no difference in the levels. Stable glucocorticoid replacement therapy starts for her with the diagnosis for primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I was really suffering from fatigue and decreased appetite and I also lost 11 pounds over the past two months. I'm just 33 years old so that's not normal, especially for a woman. I take levothyroxine because I have been diagnosed with Hashimoto disease. I don't have any other medical condition, and I don't smoke I don't drink, and I don't do drugs. They also did my physical examination and they saw that I had an increase in pigmentation of my skin. They measured my cortisol level before and after giving me some ACTH hormone, and the results came back with no difference whatsoever. The doctor told me I have Addison disease and put me under glucocorticoid therapy.

Clinical trial: Management of Adrenal Emergency in Germany

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age ≥18 years

          -  Documented chronic adrenal insufficiency

          -  Established corticosteroid replacement therapy

          -  Written informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

        - Age <18 years
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.

Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 51-year-old man comes to the office complaining of fatigue and some sexual problems including lack of libido. The patient doesn't smoke or use any illicit drug.  Blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg and pulse is 70/min.  Oxygen saturation is 99% on room air.  BMI is 24 kg/m2.  Skin examination shows increased pigmentation. Genotype testing is consistent with homozygosity for the C282Y mutation. Laboratory study shows transferrin saturation of 55% and serum ferritin of 550 μg/L. He is diagnosed as a case of hemochromatosis.

Patient's own account: I am 51 years old and I just came back from the doctor's office. I'm sick and tired of being that exhausted, reaching the point where me and my lovely wife are not touching each other anymore! I'm not smoking or doing drugs! My blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg, and pulse was 70/min and my oxygen saturation 99%. My BMI is 24. My skin also turned a bit darker lately. He tested my genes and told me that I have a mutation of the C282Y gene. I also did lab tests where my transferrin saturation was 55% and serum ferritin was 550  μg/L. The doctor diagnosed me with iron overload.

Clinical trial: PTG-300 in Subjects With Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Men and women aged 18 and older

          -  Confirmed diagnosis of HFE-related hereditary hemochromatosis with prior genotype
             testing

          -  Documented stable phlebotomy for ≥ 6 months

          -  Screening hemoglobin >11.5 g/dL

          -  Documented evidence of prior serum ferritin ≥500 ng/mL

          -  Serum ferritin >50 ng/mL and <300 ng/mL at screening

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinically meaningful laboratory abnormality

          -  Receiving iron chelation therapy

          -  Receiving erythrocytapheresis

          -  Pregnant or lactating females

          -  Infection requiring hospitalization or intravenous antimicrobial therapy, or
             opportunistic infection within 3 months of dosing; any infections requiring
             antimicrobial therapy within 4 weeks of dosing.

          -  Serious or unstable medical or psychiatric condition that would prevent subject
             providing informed consent

          -  Organ damage from iron overload

          -  Primary or secondary immunodeficiency

          -  Positive hepatitis B or hepatitis C or known human immunodeficiency virus infection

          -  Known history of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases

          -  Any surgical procedures requiring general anesthesia within 1 month prior to screening
             or planned surgery during study

          -  History of invasive malignancies within last 2 years, except non-malignant skin cancer
             and local cured prostrate cancer, cervical cancer, or ductal carcinoma in situ

          -  Receipt of an investigational agent within 30 days of screening
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: Pharmacokinetics and Safety of rFVIIIFc Manufactured at 15,000 L (15K) Scale

Eligibility criteria:
Key Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Have severe hemophilia A, defined as <1 IU/dL (<1%) endogenous FVIII as determined by
             one-stage clotting assay from the central laboratory at Screening.

          -  Previously treated subject, defined as having at least 150 documented prior exposure
             days (EDs) to any recombinant and/or plasma-derived FVIII and/or cryoprecipitate
             products at Day 1. Fresh frozen plasma treatment must not be considered in the count
             for documented exposure days.

          -  No history of a positive inhibitor test or clinical signs of decreased response to
             FVIII administrations. Family history of inhibitors will not exclude the subject.

          -  No measurable inhibitor activity using the Nijmegen-modified Bethesda assay (>=0.6
             Bethesda Unit per milliliter [BU/mL] is considered positive) at Screening.

        Key Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Current enrollment in any interventional clinical study in which an investigational
             drug or approved therapy for investigational use is administered within 30 days prior
             to the Baseline Visit OR prior participation in any of the following Biogen studies:
             998HA101 (NCT01027377), 997HA301 (NCT01181128), 8HA02PED (NCT01458106), 997HA307
             (NCT02083965), and 8HA01EXT (NCT01454739).

          -  Previous participation in this study.

          -  Any concurrent clinically significant major disease that, in the opinion of the
             Investigator or Biogen, makes the subject unsuitable for participation in the study.

          -  Other coagulation disorder(s) in addition to hemophilia A.

          -  History of hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis associated with FVIII or intravenous (IV)
             immunoglobulin administration.

        NOTE: Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply.
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 12 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction