Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Prospective Evaluation of Symptom Resolution in Acid Versus Non-acid Reflux Disease Following Anti-reflux Surgery

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients who are offered anti-reflux surgical treatment with elevated DeMeester scores
             or with low (less than 14.7) DeMeester scores, but with positive impedance scores
             (positive symptom index associated with reflux episodes).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  • Previous major upper gastrointestinal surgery (includes esophagus, stomach, and
             duodenum) - previous cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) is not considered a major
             upper GI surgery

               -  Presence of paraesophageal hernia (type II - type IV)

               -  Presence of large hiatal hernia >5cm

               -  Presence of peptic strictures

               -  History of severe esophageal motility disorders such as:

                    -  achalasia

                    -  diffuse esophageal spasms

                    -  scleroderma

                    -  poorly-controlled diabetes mellitus

                    -  autonomic or peripheral neuropathy

                    -  myopathy

               -  Pregnancy (As a standard operating procedure, women of child-bearing age will
                  undergo a urine pregnancy test the morning of surgery because anti-reflux surgery
                  is considered an elective case, where pregnancy is a relative contraindication.)

               -  BMI greater than 40

               -  Undergoes Collis gastroplasty during surgery

               -  Conversion to an open procedure

               -  Age less than 18 years old
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 17 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 3-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her parents for assessment of her short stature. Physical examination reveals short limbs and a relatively large head. She has a flat nasal bridge and a small midface. The girl's father exhibits similar physical features; however, her mother looks normal. The genetic testing reveals an autosomal dominant point mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene consistent with achondroplasia in both father and the child. The girl has not received any treatment yet, and it is her first visit after immigration to the US. The other mental and developmental examinations are unremarkable.

Patient's own account: I just brought my little 3-year-old girl to the clinic to have her checked up by the doctor. I was worried sick because she was smaller than her classmates. The lovely doctor performed a physical exam and she told me that she has short limbs and a larger head. My girl also has a flat nasal bridge and a small midface. My baby just has the face of her father, unlike me! They performed some genetic testing on my child and my husband and found out that both my husband and her have a mutation of the FGFR3 gene, which led the doctor to diagnose them with dwarfism. My baby never received any treatment and it was our first visit to the doctor since we arrived in the US. The other tests regarding her mental and physical development were perfectly fine.

Clinical trial: A Survey Collecting Data on Adult Height in Patients With Achondroplasia Treated With Somatropin

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients who were enrolled in the GH-1941 study (1997 to 2006) and expected to
             theoretically reach the adult height within the study period
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of gritty sensation in her eyes. She also has difficulty swallowing dry foods with no pain or heartburn.  The patient is a schoolteacher and must drink water frequently during lectures due to her mouth dryness.  She also reports occasional joint pain.  Medical history is not significant other than the confirmed Sjogren disease with no other rheumatologic disease.  She is sexually active with her husband and has 2 children both delivered by natural vaginal delivery. She has no history of any kind of surgery. Physical examination shows conjunctival erythema and cracking of the lips. The remainder of the examination and history is normal. Her lab result shows elevated ESR (50 mm/h)

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a terrible gritty sensation in my eyes. It was also hard to swallow dry food, but it didn't burn, and there was no pain. I'm a 40-year-old female school teacher and I should drink water for the lectures because otherwise, my mouth gets really dry. I also have joint pain from time to time. I have been diagnosed with Sjogren disease but no other rheumatologic disease. I have a husband, we're sexually active, and I also have two lovely children that I delivered both naturally. I never undergone any surgery. Physical examination when I came to the clinic, and it showed cracking on my lips and a pink eye. The rest was fine. I also did some lab tests, and they came back with high ESR.

Clinical trial: Endoscopic Treatment of Salivary Glands Affected by Sjögren's Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  A diagnosed (by the European League Against Rheumatism guidelines) primary or
             secondary Syndrome of Sjögren

          -  Age: > 18 years and < 70 years

          -  A remaining salivary flow

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  A complete lack of measurable salivary flow, also after stimulation of the glands by
             taste or chewing

          -  Acute sialadenitis

          -  Use of sialogogue medication (i.e. pilocarpine or cevimeline)

          -  Other severe illnesses or physical conditions that make a treatment under general
             anesthesia impossible or highly riskful.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 2-year-old boy is brought to the office by his parents due to a rash that started 1 week ago.  A similar red, itchy rash on the cheeks, trunk, and arms has occurred intermittently since infancy.  The patient has had a few upper respiratory infections but no major illnesses.  Vaccinations are up to date, and he takes no medications. He is on a balanced diet, and he is healthy in appearance.  Vital signs and milestone examination are within normal limits.  Similar findings are observed on the cheeks and proximal upper extremities.  The diaper area is clear, and no mucosal lesions are present.

Patient's own account: I just brought my two-year-old son to the doctor's office because he had a rash for like one week. His rash was on the cheeks, the trunk, and his arms. He already had this before, and it keeps coming back from time to time to time. In the past, he had some respiratory infections but he has never been this sick. His vaccinations are up to date, and he doesn't take any medication. He's healthy with a nice diet. The doctor told me his vitals and milestone examinations were normal. The doctor also said there was a rash around the cheek and the upper part of his arms. The diaper area is okay, and there are no lesions.

Clinical trial: Texting Atopic Dermatitis Patients to Optimize Learning and EASI Scores

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  New clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis

          -  New patient to Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology

          -  Caregiver has mobile that can send/receive text messages

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Age over 7 years

          -  Caregiver is not fluent English speaker

          -  Those patients in which a definitive diagnosis of atopic dermatitis cannot be made

          -  Any individual who declines participation
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Subject must be at most 6 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 17-year-old male comes to the office due to several months of right elbow pain.  The pain is worse with activity and limits his workouts and activities.  He has tried over-the-counter medications with limited relief.  Medical history is notable for eczema, and current medications include a topical hydrocortisone ointment.  He is sexually active with his girlfriend and uses condoms. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. He plays tennis most of the days of the week. The comprehensive evaluation shows pain on the lateral side of the elbow, made worse by pressure applied on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and when making a fist with the elbow joint straightened. The patient has this pain since last year and had several courses of physical therapy.

Patient's own account: I'm 17, and I had to go to the doctor because I've been suffering from my right elbow for several months. The pain is even worse when I do sports and it kind of limits me for my workouts and activities. I tried over-the-counter medications but it didn't work much. I had eczema before and my medication is ointments that contain cortisone. I am sexually active as a 17-year-old guy, and I have a girlfriend, and we use condoms. I don't smoke or drink. I play tennis most days of the week. I did an exam that showed pain on the side of my elbow and it was worse when they applied some pressure on it and when I was putting my hand as a fist. I have had this pain since last year, and I had several sessions of physical therapy already.

Clinical trial: The Efficacy of Different Types of Stretching on Range of Motion, Pain and Function in Elbow Limitation

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Subjectswill be included with

          -  Aged between 18 and 65 years

          -  Elbow fracture in the six months before the study

          -  Elbow limitation in flexion or extension

          -  Being volunteer to participate

          -  Fractures should be managed with conservatively or surgically

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Malunion or Nonunion Fracture

          -  Occurrence of complex regional pain syndrome, peripheric nerve injury, heterotopic
             ossification, myositis ossification or post-traumatic ankylosing

          -  Non-healing wound or infection

          -  Previously received physiotherapy for elbow limitation

          -  Having any cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, rheumatic diseases or
             psychiatric diseases

          -  Could not adjust to treatment
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 57-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to constipation.  His last bowel movement was 2 days ago. He complains of spending about 30 minutes once attempting to defecate. He also has lower back pain.  There is no history of trauma. The pain is not relieved with over-the-counter pain medications.  His vital signs are within normal limits.  Examination shows low back pain that is worse with back flexion and raising of the legs; it radiates into his left leg.  Pinprick in the perianal area does not cause rapid contraction of the anal sphincter.  The rest of the neurologic examination is normal. He is suspected of Cauda Equina syndrome and referred to a spinal MRI.

Patient's own account: I'm a 57 year-old-man, and I had to go to the ER because I couldn't go defecate. My last trip to the toilet was 2 days ago, and I tried too many times, during 30 min, to get my poop to get out. I also have terrible lower back pain. The doctor did not notice any trauma. I tried to get the pain away using over-the-counter medications, but it simply did not work! Back in the ER my vitals were normal. My pain was even more intense with back flexion, and when I raised my legs, it radiated into my left leg. The doctor did an anus exam where he had to pinch it and it was not reacting! However the rest of my neurologic exam was normal. The doctor suspects a Cauda Equina syndrome and referred me to a spinal MRI.

Clinical trial: Evaluation of Minimally Invasive Microdiscectomy Versus Conventional Open Microdiscectomy For Lumbar Herniated Disc

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Subjects will be between the ages of 18 and 90.

          -  Male and female subjects will be recruited into the study.

          -  All patients will clinically demonstrate unilateral lower extremity pain in greater
             proportion to low back pain symptoms if present. Imaging (CT) will document single
             level lumbar herniated nucleus pulposis.

          -  Subjects participating will be required to speak and read English.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Cauda equina syndrome, progressive neurologic deficit, bilateral lower extremity
             symptoms, low back pain more than leg pain, the existence of significant co-morbidity
             (e.g. cardiac condition, disease, etc.) of any form, and any other physical
             limitations (musculoskeletal injury).
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 90 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Effective Mechanisms of Wu-Chu-Yu Tang on Gastroesophageal Disorder

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Gender：male or female.

          2. Age：from 20 years old (inclusive) to 75 years old (inclusive).

          3. Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

          4. there is a heartburn or acid regurgitation phenomenon.

          5. After detailed description of the entire research purpose or process, voluntarily
             participate in the study and sign the consent form.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Exclude peptic ulcers, gallstones (including intrahepatic and common bile ducts) and
             major diseases such as: cancer, congestive hear failured NYHA class>II, COPD attack.

          2. Barrett's esophagus, narrow esophagus or caustic injury of upper gastrointestinal
             tract.

          3. History of esophagus and gastroduodenal surgery.

          4. Tarry stool suspected gastrointestinal bleeding.

          5. History of alcohol or drug abuse.

          6. Patients with a history of allergies to the test drug.

          7. Can not cooperate with mental illness.

          8. Pregnant women or women who are breastfeeding.

          9. Liver function SGOT and SGPT are more than twice the normal value.

         10. renal function test BUN, Creatinine is greater than the normal value.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Zoledronic Acid for Osteoporotic Fracture Prevention (ZEST II)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  women age ≥65 years including those using assistive devices to maximize
             generalizability if they:

               1. Reside in long-term care (LTC);

               2. Have:

                    -  osteoporosis by axial bone density (spine, hip or forearm bone mineral
                       density (BMD) T-score ≤ -2.5 SD); or

                    -  a previous adult fragility fracture of the spine or hip; or,

                    -  would be treated based on FRAX National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF)
                       treatment thresholds of a 10 year risk of ≥ 20% for a major osteoporotic
                       fracture or ≥ 3% for hip fracture using femoral neck BMD.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Men because osteoporosis is less common in men and our initial ZEST 1 study only
             included women.

          -  Institutionalized women with subacute illnesses surviving or discharged in < 3 years.

          -  Women currently on bisphosphonate, denosumab, or teriparatide therapy or who have been
             on a bisphosphonate for greater than 1 year during the previous 2 years because
             bisphosphonates are long acting.

          -  Patients with a calculated creatinine clearance < 35 ml/min or who have a
             contraindication for bisphosphonates (allergy, hypocalcemia).
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 65 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 43-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, comes to the clinic complaining of recently painful menstrual cycles.  The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Urine β-hCG is negative. Menarche was at age 12, and menstrual periods occur every 28 days and lasts for 5 days.  She is sexually active with her husband and does not have pain with intercourse. BMI is 23 kg/m2 and Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the uterus is uniformly enlarged and tender. She is candidate for hysterectomy with the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Patient's own account: I'm 43, and I paid a visit to my doctor because my last few periods were insanely painful. My last periods were 2 weeks ago. I already had three pregnancies that gave me the three lovely children. I did a urine test to check for potential pregnancy, and it came back negative. I started to have my periods at the age of 12, and I have been pretty regular with periods every 28 days for 5 days. I'm sexually active with my husband and I do not have any pain when we have sex. My BMI is 23 and my vitals were normal. The doctor performed a physical exam and found that my uterus was tender and enlarged. She proposed me a hysterectomy and diagnosed me with adenomyosis.

Clinical trial: The Relationship of the Intestinal Microbiome and the Menstrual Cycle

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  women at childbearing age

          -  age 18-40 years

          -  BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²

          -  taking oral contraceptives

          -  not having any contraceptives

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  chronic and acute infectious diseases

          -  history of taking antibiotics or probiotics in the last 3 months

          -  gastrointestinal disorders in the last 3 months

          -  Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

          -  disorders of the menstrual cycle (e.g. oligomenorrhea, anovulation)

          -  other than mediterranean diet
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction