Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: MRI and Ultrasound Findings in Patients With Gout and Normal Plain Radiographs

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Known history of gout

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  History of any other inflammatory arthritis (ex. rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic
             arthritis)

          -  History of another crystal induced arthritis (ex. pseudogout)

          -  Any contraindication to receiving an MRI (ex. pacemaker)

          -  Allergy to gadolinium contrast dye

          -  Inability to give informed consent

          -  Pregnant women

          -  Erosive changes on initial screening x-ray of index joint

          -  Serum Creatinine > 1.8 mg/dL at screening visit
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of an acute vision disturbance. He had an episode of vision disturbance in the right eye that occurred suddenly and resolved spontaneously in 15 minutes. He also has right jaw pain while chewing.  He also complains of fatigue and hip muscle aches over the last several months.  The patient has a history of mild hyperlipidemia that has been controlled by diet and lifestyle modifications.  On examination, his blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg and pulse is 66/min.  Neurological examination is unremarkable.  Visual examination is also normal. ESR is 103 mm/h. Temporal artery biopsy shows multinuclear giant cells and internal elastic membrane fragmentation.

Patient's own account: I’m a 61-year-old man and I came to the ER because I had a sudden episode where I couldn’t see out of my right eye. It only lasted about 15 minutes and went away on its own but it really scared me. I’ve also been having pain in my right jaw when I chew. For the past few months I’ve felt really tired and noticed my hips ache a lot. I have a history of mild cholesterol issues but I’ve been managing that with my diet and lifestyle. When the doctors checked me my blood pressure and pulse were normal and my vision and neurological exams didn’t show anything wrong. However they ran some tests and said my ESR levels were very high and a biopsy of my temporal artery showed some inflammation and damage.

Clinical trial: Chewing Gum Test for the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis (Horton's Disease) - ChewingHort

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Group 1

          -  Any patient suspected of having GCA, that is to say in practice patients in whom a
             doctor plans a Doppler ultrasound of temporal arteries or a temporal arteritis biopsy
             or an imagery (Angio-CT, Angio-MRI, PET- to scan

          -  Patient over 50 years old

          -  Patient able to chew a chewing gum for 4 minutes Group 2

          -  Patients free from GCA

          -  Age matched (± 3 years)

          -  Patient able to chew a chewing gum for 4 minutes

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Group 1

          -  Patients known to have a temporomandibular joint pathology

          -  Patients who started corticosteroid therapy Group 2

          -  Patients known to have temporomandibular joint pathology

          -  Patients who started corticosteroid therapy
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 4-year-old boy comes to the office for the follow up of his confirmed oculocutaneous albinism.  The patient was born at 38 weeks gestation with no complications.  Vital signs are normal.  Weight and height are at the 50th percentile.  On examination, iris transillumination is present, and there are no apparent foveae on funduscopic examination.  Optic nerves are small and gray.  All the hairs including eyebrows and lashes are white.

Patient's own account: I brought my four-year-old son to his follow-up consultation for his albinism. All his hair is white, even lashes and eyebrows. My baby was born at 38 weeks pregnant with no complications whatsoever. During the consultations his vitals were normal and now his weight and height are at the 50th percentile. The doctor did an eye exam and it seems that his iris has a kind of transillumination, and there are no foveae. The doctor told me that his optic nerves are small and gray.

Clinical trial: Melatonin Production Delay in Preterm Infants

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  The investigators included healthy mothers with singleton pregnancies and documented
             prenatal care who were admitted before term (28-34) weeks gestation to the hospital's
             delivery room with early uterine contractions and entering stage 1 of an anticipated
             spontaneous vaginal delivery or term infants born at 38-42 weeks of gestation.

        Exclusion criteria:

          -  Mothers who showed signs of fetal distress during labor, or required Cesarean
             (C)c-section, or had fetuses withand estimated fetal weights < 10th percentile for
             gestational age and children diagnosed with

               -  Genetic anomalies, congenital heart malformations, gastrointestinal disturbances
                  and central nervous system dysfunction

               -  Age < 9 months, Age > 9 months month at onset of study

               -  Considered medically unstable
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 9 Months old.
Subject must be at most 12 Months

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Comparison Study of PTHrP and PTH to Treat Osteoporosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  45 - 75 year old Caucasian, Hispanic or Asian women

          -  one year post-menopausal if older than 50 years

          -  three years post-menopausal if between the ages of 45 - 50 years

          -  body mass index less than or equal to 30

          -  T-scores on screening Dual X-Ray Absorbiometry (DXA) scan between - 2.0 to - 4.5 of
             lumbar spine or hip

          -  have at lease two spinal vertebrae evaluable by DXA analysis

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  bisphosphonate therapy within the last two years

          -  estrogen replacement hormones or SERMS within last one year

          -  no more than one week of PTHrP, PTH, or an analog of PTH within the last year

          -  an atraumatic bone fracture within the last 6 months

          -  significant or active diseases of any organ system

          -  history of malignancy

          -  anemia with a hematocrit less than 34%

          -  significant drug or alcohol abuse

          -  having received any investigational drug within the last 90 days

          -  taking any medication that may interfere with skeletal metabolism, such as
             phenobarbital, dilantin, glucocorticoids, and hydrochlorathiazide

          -  abnormal screening labs including serum Ca greater than 10.5 g/dl, 25 hydroxy vitamin
             D less than 20 ng/ml or PTH greater than 65 pg/ml

          -  African-Americans for this particular study - although future studies are planned
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): The patient is a 38-year-old man with cough and body ache that started 3 days ago.  He had fever and chills at the beginning and has low grade fever at the time of visit. He feels tired and sleepy. His body ache and myalgia get better after using Tylenol. The PCR test for Covid is positive. His vital signs are within normal limits with a body temperature of 37.9 C. There is no lymphadenopathy or white exudates in the pharynx.

Patient's own account: I was feeling really sick the other day, to the point that I showed up at the doctor's office. I was coughing, and my body was hurting for 3 days. I had a fever and chills and felt tired and sleepy. I got better after using Tylenol. They did a PCR Covid test on me, and it was positive! My vitals were normal, and my temperature was 37.9 C. I had no swelling around my neck or white spots on the back of my throat.

Clinical trial: Remdesivir in Adults With Covid-19: Mansoura University Hospital Experience

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Adult ≥ 18 years old.

          2. SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed.

          3. Patients having classical radiological lesions of COVID-19 on X-ray chest or HRCT
             chest.

          4. Hospitalized patients who received at least one administration of Remdesivir therapy
             (Dose: 200mg day one then 100mg daily for up to 10 days).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Presences of chronic renal failure > 4 stage, GFR < 30ml/min.

          2. ALT/AST > 5 times than normal values.

          3. Pregnant women.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.

Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Androxal™ Treatment in Men With Secondary Hypogonadism

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Total serum testosterone concentrations < 300 ng/dL at baseline

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Presence or history of prostate cancer

          -  Elevated PSA > 3.5 ng/mL

        Additional inclusion and exclusion criteria may apply.
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 68 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a history of nosebleeds lasting for 1 hour. She has a history of heavy menses as well as occasional gum bleeding following dental procedures. Her mother also has a history of menorrhagia. Laboratory tests reveal increased bleeding time and slightly increased partial thromboplastin time. She has no other medical conditions and is otherwise healthy. Her coagulation study shows CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL. She is not smoking or using any kind of illicit drugs. She uses alcohol occasionally and is in ra elationship with her boyfriend for the past 2 years.

Patient's own account: I had to rush to the ER because of a non-stop nosebleed that had been on for 1 hour. As a 23-year-old, I always had heavy periods, and sometimes, my gums would bleed after going to the dentist or brushing my teeth. I thought that it was not very alarming since my mom also had heavy periods. I did some lab tests that showed that I had increased bleeding time and long clotting time. Otherwise, I'm pretty healthy, and I don't smoke or take any kind of drugs. I drink only at parties from time to time. I have been with my boyfriend for the last 2 years. I did a coagulation study and I got the following results: CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL.

Clinical trial: Prevention of Cystitis.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Woman aged 18 to 65, consultant in general medicine. (Any patient meeting the
             inclusion criteria may choose to answer the questionnaire in the waiting room of
             general practitioners selected by lot.)

        Exclusion Criteria:

        -
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Comparing Efficacy Between Anti-microtubule and Non-anti-microtubule as 3th Therapy After 2nd Line EGFR-TKI Therapy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  At least one measurable lesion according to RECIST criteria

          -  Histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC of adeno histology

          -  Locally progressed or metastasized on or after first-line chemotherapy. The imaging
             evidence of disease progression can be either chest X ray, CT or MRI assessment on
             measurable lesions. If no measurable lesion is available, evaluable lesions are acce

        Exclusion Criteria:

        -
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: ClotFoam as an Adjunct to Hemostasis in Abdominal Surgery - Liver Bleeding is Encountered

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Subject is expected to survive 6 months from the date of screening, If female and of
             child-bearing potential, subject has a negative serum pregnancy test prior to surgery
             and agrees to not breast feed her child (if applicable) for duration of study
             treatment and completion of study follow-up visits, If subject is a sexually active
             male or a sexually active female of child-bearing potential, subject agrees to use a
             medically accepted form of contraception from the time of consent to completion of all
             follow-up study visits

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  pregnant females
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Functional Outcome After Groin Hernia Mesh Repair: Open Versus Laparoscopy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Informed consent

          -  Diagnosis of primary, unilateral or bilateral, reducible groin hernias

          -  Medically fit for general anesthesia

          -  Comprehension and use of French language

          -  Installed in the geographical region without foreseeable move for two years

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Female gender, recurrent hernia

          -  Ongoing chronic pain syndrome, other than hernia origin

          -  Coagulation disorders, prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation, un able to stop
             platelet antiaggregation therapy 10 days before surgery

          -  Previous pelvic surgical procedures contraindicating laparoscopic technique

          -  American Society of Anesthesiology Class 4 and 5 patients

          -  Emergency surgery, peritonitis, bowel obstruction, strangulation, perforation

          -  Mentally ill patients

          -  Presence of local or systemic infection

          -  Life expectancy < 2 years

          -  Any cognitive impairment (Psychiatric disorder, Alzheimer's disease etc.)
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 21 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Constructing an Insulin-Like Growth Factor-based Prediction Model

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Prepubertal patients,

          -  Male/female,

          -  Ages 3-14 yrs,

          -  Being treated with growth hormone for the conditions of growth hormone deficiency,
             idiopathic short stature, and small-for-gestational age with failure to catch up to
             the normal growth curve by age 2 years.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients being treated with growth hormone for other conditions such as Turner
             syndrome, chronic renal failure, or Prader-Willi syndrome
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 3 Years old.
Subject must be at most 14 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction