Patient case (clinical description): A 15-year-old boy with mild intellectual disability is brought to the office by his parents for a routine physical examination.  The boy is going to a school for students with learning disabilities.  The patient was adopted, and his immunizations are up to date.  Review of the patient's medical records is notable for cytogenetic studies that showed a small gap near the tip of the long arm of the X chromosome, which is consistent with fragile X syndrome, an X-linked disorder. The defect is an unstable expansion of trinucleotide repeats (CGG) in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene, located on the long arm of the X chromosome. He is not using any medications and vital signs are within normal levels. His blood chemistry analysis as bellow:
Blood Chemistry Value      Normal Range     Patient Value
Glucose                    90-120 mg/dl     95 mg/dl
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)  7-24 mg/dl       10 mg/dl
Creatinine                 0.7-1.4 mg/dl    0.8 mg/dl
Calcium                    8.5-10.5 mg/dl   9 mg/dl
Sodium                     134-143 mEq/L    135 mEq/L
Potassium                  3.5-4.5 mEq/L    3.7 mEq/L
Chloride                   95-108 mEq/L     98 mEq/L
CO2                        20-30 mEq/L      25 mEq/L
Blood pH                   7.38-7.42        7. 39

Patient's own account: My husband and I brought our 15-year-old son to the clinic for his routine exam. My son is going to school for special needs students. We adopted him a few years ago. His vaccinations are up to date. He already passed some chromosome testing and they found that he has a fragile X syndrome. The doctor told us that it comes from repeats in the fragile X chromosome. My son is not using any medication and his blood pressure temperature and breathing were normal during the exam. He also did a blood test. The results came back and showed that his blood sugar urea creatinine calcium sodium potassium chloride CO2 and blood pH were all within the normal range.

Clinical trial: Weight Loss and Maintenance for Individuals With Intellectual Developmental Disabilities (IDD)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosis of mile to moderate IDD as determined by a Community Service Provider
             operating in Kansas under the auspices of a Community Developmental Disability
             Organization (CDDO)

          -  Able to understand and give informed consent

          -  If there is a guardian with power of attorney, both the guardian and participant must
             give informed consent

          -  Participants must live in a supported living condition either at home or with no more
             than 1-4 residents and have a care giver (ie. parent, staff) who assists with food
             shopping, meal planning, and meal preparation

          -  Overweight or obese determined by a BMI > 25 kg/m2

          -  Able to walk

          -  Clearance provided from physician

          -  Able to communicate preferences

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Uncontrolled hypertension

          -  Severe heart disease

          -  Cancer diagnosis

          -  Positive for HIV
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment