Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: Use of Autologous Plasma Rich in Platelets and Extracellular Vesicles in the Surgical Treatment of Chronic Middle Ear Infections

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  tympanic membrane,

          -  dry middle ear cavity,

          -  absence of exclusion criteria.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  signs of cholesteatoma,

          -  anemia,

          -  thrombocytopenia,

          -  chronic use of immunomodulatory agents and / or antimicrobials,

          -  malignancy in the ear area,

          -  systemic infectious disease,

          -  autoimmune disease,

          -  inability and / or refusal of the patient to participate in the research,

          -  pregnancy and / or breast-feeding.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Testosterone Replacement Therapy for Assessment of Long-term Vascular Events and Efficacy ResponSE in Hypogonadal Men (TRAVERSE) Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Men between 45 and 80 years age

          -  Participants with low serum testosterone concentrations (< 300 ng/dL) who exhibit at
             least one sign or symptom of hypogonadism and have evidence of cardiovascular (CV)
             disease or are at an increased risk for CV disease.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Participants with congenital or acquired hypogonadism for whom long-term therapy with
             placebo would not be medically appropriate

          -  Participants with prostate specific antigen (PSA) > 3.0 ng/mL (or 1.5 if on 5-alpha
             reductase inhibitors)

          -  Participants who have been treated with testosterone in the past 6 months and for whom
             testosterone therapy is contraindicated

          -  Confirmed testosterone < 100 ng/dL

          -  Body Mass Index (BMI) > 50

          -  Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) > 11%

          -  Hematocrit (Hct) > 50%

          -  Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min

          -  History of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism or prostate cancer or heart
             failure (Class III and IV).
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of difficulty swallowing both liquids and solid foods, as well as occasional cough while eating.  She also has difficulty lifting her arms above her head and getting up from a chair. The weakness seems to get worse gradually. The patient has no prior medical problems and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  Physical examination shows an erythematous rash on the upper eyelids. There are some red papules over joints of her hands. The rest of the physical examination is unremarkable. Antinuclear antibodies, anti-Jo-1 antibodies and anti-MDA5 antibody are positive.  Muscle biopsy shows perifascicular inflammation and atrophy of the fascicle and surrounding blood vessels.

Patient's own account: I had to go to the clinic because of difficulty swallowing all kinds of food, liquid and solid. I also sometimes cough when I eat my dinner. At only 50 year old, I had some difficulties lifting up my arms and getting up from a chair! And it's only getting worse! I never had any medical issues in the past and I'm not under any medication, I just don't get it! My vitals were normal. The physical exam showed a red rash on my upper eyelids. I also have red papules on my hands' joints. After a blood test, they told me that my antinuclear antibodies, anti-Jo-1 antibodies, and anti-MDA5 antibodies were positive.  I also did a muscle biopsy and it showed that I had an atrophy of my blood vessels around my muscle fibers and that I have an inflammation of these.

Clinical trial: Method of Early Diagnosis of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patient's informed consent

          -  Age: 18-59 years old

          -  No serious somatic diseases.

          -  Patients with complaints of sore throat, coughing, burning sensation in the throat,
             coughing, frequent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, lump in the throat, foreign
             body feeling in the throat, voice changes, heartburn and belching.

          -  Diagnosis: Chronic pharyngitis

          -  Chronic laryngitis

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Disagreement to participate in scientific research

          -  Age: under 18 and over 60

          -  Severe somatic diseases, organic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and ENT organs

          -  Patients with pulmonary pathologies

          -  Patients with allergic manifestations (seasonal hay fever, asthma, etc.)

          -  With diagnoses: Acute respiratory diseases

          -  Patients with general neuralgic disorders
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 59 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Comparison of the Effects of Static and PNF Hamstring Stretching Exercises in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Individuals with knee osteoarthritis severity II, III, or IV according to the
             Kellgren-Lawrence Classification,

          -  Individuals with positive active knee extension test,

          -  Individuals with a body mass index of 30 or less,

          -  Individuals with a pain severity of at least 3/10 according to the visual pain scale.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Individuals with health problems that prevent them from doing the evaluations and
             exercises to be used in the study,

          -  Individuals who exercise regularly for the last six months,

          -  Individuals with a diagnosis of neurological disease affecting the lower extremity.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: MiMi: A Randomized Trial of Mifepristone and Misoprostol for Treatment of Early Pregnancy Failure

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age >18yrs, able to read and write English

          -  Intrauterine gestations with anembryonic sac between 10 and 45mm or

          -  10-15mm sac with no growth in three days or other radiologic signs of abnormal
             pregnancy such as irregular sac or debris within the gestational sac

          -  An embryonic pole <30mm with no cardiac activity

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Intrauterine gestations with CRL <5mm or >30mm without cardiac activity

          -  Incomplete abortion as defined as open cervix and large amount of cramping/bleeding

          -  Hemodynamic instability and/or heavy vaginal bleeding

          -  Hemoglobin less than or equal to 8

          -  Inability to follow-up (ie, lack of transportation or access to telephone)

          -  Bleeding disorder or taking anticoagulants

          -  Prior medical or surgical treatment of the current pregnancy

          -  Obvious Infection

          -  Active Lactation

          -  Allergy to mifepristone or misoprostol

          -  Chronic corticosteroid use

          -  Severe gastrointestinal disease (e.g inflammatory bowel disease, severe gastritis)
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 64 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Treatment of the Intermediate Vaginal Microbiota With Vaginal Lactobacillus Casei Rhamnosus to Improve Pregnancy Outcome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnant women 10th to 16th Week of gestation

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Vaginal Bleeding, Twins, vaginal infections, Antibiotics up to 4 weeks to
             randomisation
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 55 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 57-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to constipation.  His last bowel movement was 2 days ago. He complains of spending about 30 minutes once attempting to defecate. He also has lower back pain.  There is no history of trauma. The pain is not relieved with over-the-counter pain medications.  His vital signs are within normal limits.  Examination shows low back pain that is worse with back flexion and raising of the legs; it radiates into his left leg.  Pinprick in the perianal area does not cause rapid contraction of the anal sphincter.  The rest of the neurologic examination is normal. He is suspected of Cauda Equina syndrome and referred to a spinal MRI.

Patient's own account: I'm a 57 year-old-man, and I had to go to the ER because I couldn't go defecate. My last trip to the toilet was 2 days ago, and I tried too many times, during 30 min, to get my poop to get out. I also have terrible lower back pain. The doctor did not notice any trauma. I tried to get the pain away using over-the-counter medications, but it simply did not work! Back in the ER my vitals were normal. My pain was even more intense with back flexion, and when I raised my legs, it radiated into my left leg. The doctor did an anus exam where he had to pinch it and it was not reacting! However the rest of my neurologic exam was normal. The doctor suspects a Cauda Equina syndrome and referred me to a spinal MRI.

Clinical trial: Scribes in the Emergency Department

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  All consecutive patients during the study period

          -  age > 18 y/o

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients seen during the washout period
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: A Biomechanical Exercise Program for Knee OA

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  50 years of age or older

          -  Knee pain on most days of the week

          -  Less than 30 minutes of morning stiffness

          -  Bony enlargement

          -  Bony tenderness to palpation

          -  Signs of inflammation

          -  Able to safely climb 2 flights of stairs without aid

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Any other forms of arthritis

          -  Osteoporosis

          -  History of patellofemoral symptoms

          -  Active non-arthritic knee disease

          -  Knee surgery

          -  Use of cane or walking aid

          -  Unstable heart condition

          -  Neurological conditions

          -  Skin allergy to medical tape

          -  Hip or ankle injuries in past 3 months

          -  Any injuries that would prohibit participation in yoga

          -  Ipsilateral hip or ankle conditions

          -  Currently receiving cancer treatment

          -  Currently pregnant
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Influence of Parents and Friends on Children and Adolescents

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Boys and girls ages 5-6 yrs and 12-14 yrs and their mothers

          -  Children must have a BMI greater than or equal to 15th percentile for their age

          -  Children and their mothers must have at least a moderate liking of the study foods
             used

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Participants should not have any food allergies

          -  Participants should have no dietary restraints

          -  Participants should have no psychopathology that can limit food choice and alter
             eating

          -  Participants should have no developmental disabilities that can limit food choice and
             alter eating

          -  Participants cannot have a cold or upper respiratory distress that could influence
             taste, appetite or olfactory sensory responsiveness

          -  Participants cannot be on any medications that could influence taste, appetite or
             olfactory sensory responsiveness
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 5 Years old.
Subject must be at most 14 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Biopsy Technique for Endoscopic Surveillance of Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

          -  Patients in the Familial Gastric Cancer Registry held in Cambridge fulfilling clinical
             criteria for HDGC.

          -  Patients willing to undergo at least one upper GI endoscopy with random biopsies
             according to Cambridge biopsy protocol.

        Exclusion criteria:

          -  Patients who decline evaluation with endoscopy either as a screening or surveillance
             tool

          -  Patients on clopidogrel, and/or warfarin for high risk condition and unable to
             withhold temporarily the medication.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment