Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Applying Long-term Follow-up to Improve Patient Selection in Laparoscopic Anti-reflux Surgery

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Having undergone any anti-reflux surgery at Department of Surgery, Kolding Hospital, a
             part of Hospital Lillebaelt, Denmark from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2013

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  None
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 17-year-old male comes to the office due to several months of right elbow pain.  The pain is worse with activity and limits his workouts and activities.  He has tried over-the-counter medications with limited relief.  Medical history is notable for eczema, and current medications include a topical hydrocortisone ointment.  He is sexually active with his girlfriend and uses condoms. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. He plays tennis most of the days of the week. The comprehensive evaluation shows pain on the lateral side of the elbow, made worse by pressure applied on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and when making a fist with the elbow joint straightened. The patient has this pain since last year and had several courses of physical therapy.

Patient's own account: I'm 17, and I had to go to the doctor because I've been suffering from my right elbow for several months. The pain is even worse when I do sports and it kind of limits me for my workouts and activities. I tried over-the-counter medications but it didn't work much. I had eczema before and my medication is ointments that contain cortisone. I am sexually active as a 17-year-old guy, and I have a girlfriend, and we use condoms. I don't smoke or drink. I play tennis most days of the week. I did an exam that showed pain on the side of my elbow and it was worse when they applied some pressure on it and when I was putting my hand as a fist. I have had this pain since last year, and I had several sessions of physical therapy already.

Clinical trial: Neuromodulation in Lateral Elbow Pain

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Presence of pain in the elbow region at least for three months

          -  Flares with activity

          -  Tenderness at or within 2cm of the lateral humeral epicondyle on resisted extension of
             the wrist and/or the third finger.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Participants who had constant or radicular pain

          -  Any previous surgery or acute trauma in the upper extremity.

          -  Elbow deformity

          -  Bilateral symptoms

          -  Clinical or electrophysiological findings referable to peripheral nerve (ulnar and
             median) disease and
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: The Insulin Response to the Gut Hormone GIP After Near-normalisation of Plasma Glucose in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Type 2 diabetes

          2. Metformin treatment

          3. Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) I. > 59 mmol/mol in case the diabetes treatment is only
             metformin II. 59-75 mmol/mol in case the diabetes treatment is metformin and add-on
             therapy

          4. Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2

          5. Age > 18 years

          6. Caucasian

          7. Normal haemoglobin levels

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Treatment with insulin or GLP-1-receptor agonist

          2. Any treatment that cannot be paused for 12 hours

          3. Diabetes duration more than 20 years

          4. Weekly alcohol intake of more than 14 units for men or 7 units for women of alcohol
             (of 12 g) or narcotics abuse

          5. Liver disease

          6. Kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR < 60 ml/min/1,73 m2)

          7. Unusual dietary preferences or planned weight loss within the duration of the study

          8. Any other condition that in the opinion of the responsible investigators is
             disqualifying.

          9. For women I. Current or planned pregnancy for the duration of the study II. Positive
             pregnancy test at the screening or any of the experimental days III. Women who are
             currently breastfeeding
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Tamsulosin to Prevent Postoperative Urinary Retention in Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. All patients undergoing elective laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, unilateral or
             bilateral.

          2. ≥18 years of age.

          3. Patients must leave the operating room without at indwelling urinary catheter.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. History of neurogenic bladder requiring routine intermittent catheterization

          2. Emergent laparoscopic hernia repair.

          3. Elective laparoscopic hernia repair in conjuncture with an additional operation (e.g.
             nephrectomy, pelvic surgery) that requires the patient to have a planned, indwelling
             urinary catheter in the postoperative period.

          4. Pregnant women.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Evaluation of Prealbumin Levels in Men With Low-T

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Provide responses to standard questionnaires administered to subjects

          -  Written Informed Consent obtained

          -  Male sex at birth

          -  ≥ 40 and ≤ 75 years of age

          -  Presentation to the clinic with symptoms suggestive of low testosterone such as loss
             of libido, erectile dysfunction, cognitive or mood disturbances, etc.

          -  Able and willing to provide blood specimens and follow study schedule

          -  A final diagnosis can be established (androgen deficient versus not androgen
             deficient)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Previous exposure to exogenous T, DHEA, clomiphen citrate, or other Selective Estrogen
             Receptor Modulators, or OTC or herbals (Treatment Naïve)

          -  Use of opioid medication within 3 months prior to enrollment

          -  Serious psychiatric disease or uncontrolled medical illness, as suspected from medical
             history or clinical examination

          -  Use of any sex hormones or steroidal anabolic drug supplements (OTC or
             prescribed)(Treatment Naïve)

          -  Incapable of giving informed consent or complying with protocol or unwilling to comply
             with protocol requirements

          -  Diagnosis of prolactinoma
Male

Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Evaluation of 24-Hour Intragastric pH Using Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, and Pantoprazole in Hispanic Patients With GERD

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Signed informed consent

          -  Males and females ages 18-69 who are of Hispanic origin

          -  Symptoms of GERD, defined as heartburn at least 2 times a week on average over the
             last 3 months

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Female patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding

          -  Known intolerance or lack of response to Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) such as Nexium,
             Prevacid, or Protonix

          -  Current or relevant history of non-healed ulcers, stomach surgery, or esophageal
             surgery
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 69 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: Study Evaluating "Real World" Treatment Pattern in Previously Treated Hemophilia A Patients Receiving KOVALTRY (Octocog Alfa) for Routine Prophylaxis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Male patients diagnosed with moderate to severe hemophilia A (≤ 5% FVIII:C (Factor
             VIII Coagulant activity))

          -  Any age

          -  ≥ 50 exposure days (EDs) to any FVIII product

          -  Patients with or without history of inhibitors

               -  Patient with previous history of inhibitors, with at least 2 consecutive negative
                  inhibitor tests and on standard prophylaxis therapy for at least 1 year prior to
                  study entry

               -  No current evidence of FVIII inhibitor or clinical suspicion of FVIII inhibitor

                    -  Evidence of FVIII inhibitor as measured by the Nijmegen-modified Bethesda
                       assay [<0.6 Bethesda units (BU/mL)] or Bethesda assay [< 1.0 BU/mL] in 2 on
                       consecutives samples

                    -  Documented or clinical suspicion of shortened FVIII half-life (< 6 hrs)

          -  Currently on or plan to start prophylaxis therapy with KOVALTRY

          -  Written informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients participating in an investigational program with interventions outside of
             routine clinical practice

          -  Patients with an additional diagnosis of any bleeding/coagulation disorder other than
             hemophilia A

          -  Patients on Immune Tolerance Induction (ITI) treatment at the time of enrollment
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 43-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, comes to the clinic complaining of recently painful menstrual cycles.  The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Urine β-hCG is negative. Menarche was at age 12, and menstrual periods occur every 28 days and lasts for 5 days.  She is sexually active with her husband and does not have pain with intercourse. BMI is 23 kg/m2 and Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the uterus is uniformly enlarged and tender. She is candidate for hysterectomy with the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Patient's own account: I'm 43, and I paid a visit to my doctor because my last few periods were insanely painful. My last periods were 2 weeks ago. I already had three pregnancies that gave me the three lovely children. I did a urine test to check for potential pregnancy, and it came back negative. I started to have my periods at the age of 12, and I have been pretty regular with periods every 28 days for 5 days. I'm sexually active with my husband and I do not have any pain when we have sex. My BMI is 23 and my vitals were normal. The doctor performed a physical exam and found that my uterus was tender and enlarged. She proposed me a hysterectomy and diagnosed me with adenomyosis.

Clinical trial: Norwegian Adenomyosis Study III: Peristalsis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Premenopausal women aged 20-45 years having been diagnosed with adenomyosis earlier
             and have no other pathology of the uterus, regardless of clinical symptoms.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Postmenopausal women,

          -  Pregnant women,

          -  Gynaecological cancer,

          -  GnRH analog therapy or systemic hormone therapy in the last three months prior to
             hysterectomy,

          -  Endometriosis,

          -  Uterine fibroids
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: Study to Establish Bioequivalence of ReFacto AF (BDDrFVIII) With Advate (FLrFVIII) in Hemophilia A

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Male subjects with severe or moderately severe hemophilia A

          -  A negative past medical history of a Factor VIII inhibitor

          -  Age greater than or equal to 12 years

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  A history of Factor VIII inhibitors

          -  Presence of a bleeding disorder in addition to hemophilia

          -  Known hypersensitivity to hamster protein
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 12 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: The Safety and Efficacy of Fibrinolysis in Patients With an Indwelling Pleural Catheter for Multi-loculated Malignant Pleural Effusion.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Malignant Pleural Effusion MPE (either cytology proven or recurrent exudative pleural
             effusion in the context of histologically proven cancer)

          -  Presence of an indwelling pleural catheter (IPC)

          -  Nondraining IPC (defined as <50 mL of drainage on the past three drainage attempts)
             not responding to routine saline flush to assure patency

          -  Residual pleural fluid remaining on chest x-ray (CXR) or ultrasound

          -  Dyspnea deemed attributable to the effusion (i.e. symptomatic loculations), as
             assessed by the treating chest physician and using the modified Borg scale

          -  Presence of written informed consent from the patient or surrogate

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Age <18

          -  Expected survival less than 14 days

          -  Known allergy or intolerance to tissue plasminogen activator
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment