Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department following an episode of syncope.  He was working out when he felt dizzy and passed out without head injury.  He has had 3 other episodes of light-headedness over the last year, all happening during physical activity. He never had this experience while resting. He has no other medical conditions.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  His father died suddenly at age 35.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  On physical examination, the patient has a harsh systolic murmur.  The lungs are clear with no peripheral edema. Echocardiography shows asymmetric interventricular septal hypertrophy.

Patient's own account: I'm 23, and I got admitted to the ER because I fainted all of a sudden. I was in the gym, working out, when all of a sudden, I just got dizzy and passed out. Hopefully, I didn't hit my head. It's not my first time having that kind of dizziness at the gym, never when I'm chilling at home tho. I don't have any special medical conditions and I'm not even smoking, drinking or doing drugs! My dad died suddenly when he was 35, so I'm kind of scared. My vitals were normal while at the ER and they did a physical exam and they told me my heart sounds abnormal. My lungs are ok, but I had to do an echography of my heart, and they told me it is bigger than average.

Clinical trial: Differentiating Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy From Hypertensive Heart Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Control group: (1) Absence of known systemic diseases; (2)Normal examinations（normal
             findings in both echocardiography and CMR）.

          2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 1) genetic determination of a pathogenic mutation or 2)
             left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (end-diastolic wall thickness >15 mm) with resting
             left ventricular outflow tract obstruction or 3) hypertrophy in a recognizable
             pattern, i.e., ventricular bulge in apical-variant HCM; Of note, patients with
             documented HCM were divided into subgroups based on whether concomitant with
             hypertension or left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction.

          3. Hypertensive Heart Disease: (1) Long durations of uncontrolled hypertension (systolic
             blood pressure≥150 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg); Echocardiography:
             left ventricular wall thickness in diastolic >11mm; Absence of other cardiac or
             systemic diseases; (2) left ventricular mass/body surface area >81 g/m2 (Male) or >61
             g/m2 (Female).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Documented coronary artery disease: previous history or CAG>50%;

          2. NYHA Ⅳ level;

          3. Severe aortic valve stenosis;

          4. Standard metallic contraindications to CMR;

          5. Systemic diseases or Infiltrative cardiomyopathy;

          6. Septal ablation for drug-refractory hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment