Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Measurement and Evaluation of Total Lung Capacity (TLC) in the Field of Pulmonary Functional Testing (PFT)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Subject is at least 18 years of age.

          2. Subject is cooperative and capable of following instructions.

          3. Healthy subjects:

               1. Never smokers.

               2. No known history of respiratory, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal or metabolic
                  disease.

               3. BMI < 35.

               4. No persisting respiratory symptoms during the last 12 months. (e.g., dyspnea,
                  chronic cough, wheezing or phlegm).

               5. No history suggesting upper respiratory infection during the three weeks prior to
                  testing.

          4. Patients with known disease affecting the respiratory system, with previous
             documentation of obstructive, restrictive, or mixed obstructive plus restrictive
             ventilatory abnormality.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Subjects who are unable to satisfactorily perform routine, full lung function
             testing(due to non-compliance or claustrophobia).

          2. Subjects unable or unwilling to give informed consent.

          3. Subjects who have performed any significant physical activity during 1 hour prior to
             the Study.

          4. Patients with a tracheostomy.

          5. Pregnant women.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Recurrence and Patient Satisfaction After Laparoscopic Hernia Repair With Intraperitoneal Onlay-mesh (IPOM)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  hernia repair between 2006 and 2011

          -  laparoscopic hernia repair using intraperitoneal onlay-mesh (IPOM)

          -  patient agrees to be surveyed by phone

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patient rejects participation in survey

          -  patient already rejected use of his/her data for research purposes at admittance to
             surgery
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Administration of DHEA in Patients With Poor Response to Ovarian Stimulation for IVF

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Women with poor response to ovarian stimulation. The definition of poor response was
             based on the presence of at least one of the following criteria: Age > 40 years old,
             day 2 FSH >9.5 mIU/ml, AMH < 2ng/ml ,at least one previous COH with less than 3
             oocytes retrieved, at least one cancelled attempt due to poor response, estradiol less
             than 500 pg/ml on the day of HCG.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  All other women that do not fulfill the above mentioned criteria
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Web-based Support to Manage Arthritis Pain

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Be at least 18 years of age;

          2. Be able to provide informed consent

          3. Be able to read and speak English

          4. Have reliable Internet access and e-mail

          5. Have a self-reported doctor diagnosis of arthritis, limited to the following
             conditions - osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis
             (AS), or other arthritis conditions (e.g., psoriatic arthritis)

          6. Have a self-reported pain level of 4 or more in the past week on the 0 to 10 Numeric
             Rating Scale (McCaffery & Beebe, 1993) because 4 indicates moderate or higher level of
             pain.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Participation in another Inflexxion pain management study.

          2. Participation in an online research study related to arthritis in the past year

          3. Currently in pain from a recent injury

          4. Has been hospitalized for non-medical reasons related to emotional or mental health in
             the past year
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: AP-007 Study to Evaluate Safety and Exploratory Efficacy of Three Intra-articular Injections of Ampion in the Knee of Adults With Pain Due to Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinical diagnosis and radiological evidence of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee

          -  Moderate to severe pain

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Other conditions in the knee, e.g., crystal arthropathies, septic necrosis, joint
             replacement, major injury within 12 months prior to screening, tense effusions

          -  Requires ongoing treatment with intra-articular pain medications or systemic
             corticosteroids
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 15-week-old infant brought to the clinic for the follow up. The infant has flat facies, small ears, a single palmar crease, and upward slanting eyes. He was born on 39th week to a 39-year-old woman who didn't have prenatal care. The medical record confirms the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Down syndrome). The infant is otherwise healthy.

Patient's own account: My newborn, who is only 15 weeks old, had one of his follow-up appointments. The doctor pointed out that my baby had a flat face, small ears, only one palm line, and small eyes. He was born on his 39th week, while I was 39. What a coincidence! To be honest, I did not go to the doctor during my pregnancy. The doctor diagnosed my baby with Down syndrome. Apart from that he's healthy.

Clinical trial: Investigating Trunk Control in Young Children With Down Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Diagnosis of DS. This is the diagnosis that is being investigated

          2. Speak English. This is the language spoken by the PI.

          3. Medically stable, without physician- ordered restrictions. Some children with DS have
             cardiac surgery or other complications that would contraindicate handling or movement.
             These children would not be considered medically stable.

          4. Between the age of 6 to 24 months. This captures the full range of the outcome measure
             being investigated.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Meet inclusion and exclusion criteria for part 1 of the study. Children for part 2 of
             the study will be a sub-sample of those in part 1 of the study.

          2. Between the age of 9 to 18 months. This captures the age when most children with DS
             are able to bear weight through their lower extremities, but before they can walk
             independently. This is necessary to be able to use the home programs and demonstrate
             gross motor changes.

          3. Unable to ambulate independently. Children who can walk independently cannot use the
             home program devices.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 6 Months old.
Subject must be at most 24 Months

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: The Effect of Immunological Heterogeneity of Tumor Microenvironment in the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Age from 18 to 80 years

          2. Histology confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma (papillary, tubular, mucinous, signet ring
             cell, or poorly differentiated) confirmed pathologically by endoscopic biopsy.

          3. Clinical stage: cTNM: stage I or above at preoperative evaluation according to the
             American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual Eighth Edition

          4. Performance status: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) ≤ 2 (normal to
             symptomatic but in bed less than half the day)

          5. Clinically fit for gastric cancer surgery, i.e. adequate renal, hepatic, hematologic,
             and pulmonary function.

          6. Written informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Women during pregnancy or breast-feeding

          2. Severe mental disorder

          3. History of previous gastrectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection, or endoscopic
             submucosal dissection

          4. History of other malignant diseases within the past five years

          5. History of unstable angina or myocardial infarction within the past six months

          6. History of a cerebrovascular accident within the past six months

          7. History of continuous systematic administration of corticosteroids within one month

          8. Requirement of simultaneous surgery for other diseases

          9. Emergency surgery due to complication (bleeding, obstruction, or perforation) caused
             by gastric cancer

         10. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)<50% of predicted values

         11. Inclusion in another clinical trial
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Hemostatic Powder Versus Clinical Management for the Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding From Tumor Lesions

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Any kind of malignancy

          -  Gastrointestinal bleeding in the last 48 hours

          -  Referred to emergency endoscopy

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  under 18 years old

          -  bleeding from non malignant lesions

          -  previous endoscopic treatment with another method done in the last 48h
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of an acute vision disturbance. He had an episode of vision disturbance in the right eye that occurred suddenly and resolved spontaneously in 15 minutes. He also has right jaw pain while chewing.  He also complains of fatigue and hip muscle aches over the last several months.  The patient has a history of mild hyperlipidemia that has been controlled by diet and lifestyle modifications.  On examination, his blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg and pulse is 66/min.  Neurological examination is unremarkable.  Visual examination is also normal. ESR is 103 mm/h. Temporal artery biopsy shows multinuclear giant cells and internal elastic membrane fragmentation.

Patient's own account: I’m a 61-year-old man and I came to the ER because I had a sudden episode where I couldn’t see out of my right eye. It only lasted about 15 minutes and went away on its own but it really scared me. I’ve also been having pain in my right jaw when I chew. For the past few months I’ve felt really tired and noticed my hips ache a lot. I have a history of mild cholesterol issues but I’ve been managing that with my diet and lifestyle. When the doctors checked me my blood pressure and pulse were normal and my vision and neurological exams didn’t show anything wrong. However they ran some tests and said my ESR levels were very high and a biopsy of my temporal artery showed some inflammation and damage.

Clinical trial: Educational Needs of Patients With Systemic Vasculitis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Enrolled in the VCRC Contact Registry

          -  Patient reported diagnosis of Behçets disease, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, CNS Vasculitis,
             Giant Cell Arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis),
             Henoch-Schöenlein Purpura, Microscopic Polyangiitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Takayasu's
             Arteritis.

          -  18 years of age or older

          -  English speaking

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Inability to provide informed consent and complete survey
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 57-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to constipation.  His last bowel movement was 2 days ago. He complains of spending about 30 minutes once attempting to defecate. He also has lower back pain.  There is no history of trauma. The pain is not relieved with over-the-counter pain medications.  His vital signs are within normal limits.  Examination shows low back pain that is worse with back flexion and raising of the legs; it radiates into his left leg.  Pinprick in the perianal area does not cause rapid contraction of the anal sphincter.  The rest of the neurologic examination is normal. He is suspected of Cauda Equina syndrome and referred to a spinal MRI.

Patient's own account: I'm a 57 year-old-man, and I had to go to the ER because I couldn't go defecate. My last trip to the toilet was 2 days ago, and I tried too many times, during 30 min, to get my poop to get out. I also have terrible lower back pain. The doctor did not notice any trauma. I tried to get the pain away using over-the-counter medications, but it simply did not work! Back in the ER my vitals were normal. My pain was even more intense with back flexion, and when I raised my legs, it radiated into my left leg. The doctor did an anus exam where he had to pinch it and it was not reacting! However the rest of my neurologic exam was normal. The doctor suspects a Cauda Equina syndrome and referred me to a spinal MRI.

Clinical trial: Minimally Invasive Versus Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Adults more than 18 years of age and less than 65 years of age..

          -  Degenerative or isthmic spondylolithesis Grade 1,2 and 3.

          -  Recurrent Symptomatic recurrent lumbar disc prolapsed with or without evident neural
             compression.

          -  Single level pathology involving L2-3, L3-4, L4-5 and or L5-S1.

          -  Symptoms not responding to conservative treatment for at least 3 months.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Previous spinal fusion or instrumentation.

          -  Spinal tumours, infection and fractures.

          -  Patients with severe osteoporosis

          -  BMI more than 35.

          -  Non-ambulant patients and patients with severe preoperative neurological affection
             (Cauda Equina Syndrome)

          -  Patients not willing to participate in the study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction