Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Brain Iron in Neurodegenerative Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  18 years or older

          -  Healthy person without memory complaints OR person diagnosed with a neurodegenerative
             disease (ie, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  MR contraindication such as metal in body (ie, pacemaker, implant, shrapnel, etc.)

          -  Pregnant

          -  Claustrophobic anxieties
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Comparative Effect of Zoledronic Acid Versus Denosumab on Serum Sclerostin of Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mass

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Caucasian postmenopausal women older than 40 years

          -  Low bone mass at lumbar spine (L2-L4) or femoral neck (BMD T-score of ≤ -2.0) or BMD
             T-score of > -2.0 coexistent with low-energy fracture of vertebral, femoral neck or
             forearm

          -  Patient's informed consent to participate

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Secondary osteoporosis

          -  Any bone and mineral disorder other than osteoporosis, including primary or secondary
             hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease of bone, osteogenesis imperfecta, rheumatologic
             diseases, paraplegia, chronic immobilization

          -  Severe liver or kidney disease (creatinine clearance < 60ml/min/1.73m2) or liver or
             kidney transplantation

          -  Premature ovarian failure

          -  Uncontrolled thyroid disease

          -  Any malignancy

          -  Any musculoskeletal injury or surgical procedure 6 months prior to baseline

          -  Dental surgery or teeth removed 3 months prior to baseline or plan to

          -  History or concomitant medications that could affect bone metabolism, including
             immunosuppressive, anticonvulsant, antiviral and anti-tuberculosis agents, addictive
             drugs, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, amiodarone,
             thiazolidinediones, interferon, metronidazole, and tamoxifen
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of SPK-8011 in Males With Hemophilia A

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Males with hemophilia A, who have received a single intravenous administration of
             SPK-8011 in any Spark sponsored SPK-8011 study

          2. Individuals who understand the purpose and the risks of the study, and who provide
             signed and dated informed consent before undergoing any study-specific procedures.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        1. Individuals who are unable or unwilling to comply with the schedule of visits and study
        assessments as described in this study protocol.
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 27-year-old woman comes to the dermatology clinic with skin rash and oral ulcers.  The rashes are mildly itchy. The patient has no other medical conditions and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  On examination, there are pink papules symmetrically distributed over the anterior surfaces of the shins and ankles. There are some white ulcerated papules on her buccal mucosa. She is in relationship with her boyfriend and has only one sexual partner. Her boyfriend uses condoms. She smokes 1 to 2 cigarettes a day and drinks a beer daily. Biopsy reveals prominent hyperkeratosis with a thickened granular layer.  There is an infiltration of mononuclear cells in the superficial dermis that involves the overlying epidermis. The rete ridges have a sawtooth appearance.

Patient's own account: I went to the dermatologist because I had rashes on my skin and ulcers in my mouth. The rashes were not that itchy. I don't get it! I'm 27, I don't take medication, nor I don't have any other illnesses. My vitals were normal. My doc told me there were pink spots on the back of my throat. I'm heterosexual and have been only with my boyfriend and he uses condoms. I smoke 1 or 2 cigarettes a day and I drink a beer to accompany it. I had a biopsy and it showed some thick and grainy skin texture. The doc said it's an immune reaction.

Clinical trial: Evaluating a Telemedicine Smoking Cessation Program in Rural Primary Care Practices

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Smokes cigarettes every day

          -  Smokes five or more cigarettes per day

          -  Has smoked cigarettes for at least 1 year before study entry

          -  Has a home address and phone number

          -  Willing to participate in phone assessments

          -  Willing to be assigned to either of the two study programs

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnant or breastfeeding

          -  Another household member is enrolled in the study

          -  Moving out of the area of residence in the 14 months after study entry

          -  Primary care provider is not participating in the study

          -  Use of other forms of tobacco products (e.g., cigars, spit, snuff) in addition to
             cigarettes

          -  Use of a smoking cessation medication
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old girl comes to the clinic due to a left wrist mass.  She noticed swelling on the top of her wrist about 4 months ago and came to the clinic due to cosmetic concerns.  Examination shows a nontender, rounded mass on the dorsal wrist that transilluminates with a penlight. Vital signs are normal. The patient needs to type on her computer almost all day. She is left-handed. She does not smoke or use illicit drugs. She is in sexual relationship with two male partners and uses condoms.

Patient's own account: I'm a 19-year-old girl and I went to see my doctor because of a mass on my left wrist. I noticed a swelling on top of my wrist, like 4 months ago, and I went the first time to the doctor because it was pretty ugly! My wrist was not tender, and the mass was round and let the light go through when the doctor used a penlight. My blood pressure, breathing and temperature were normal. I'm left-handed and I need to be on my PC all day. I don't smoke or do drugs. I'm sexually active and I have 2 male partners but they all use condoms.

Clinical trial: Early Rehabilitation After Hand or Wrist Ambulatory Surgery : How to Preserve Locomotion at Home Without Rebound Pain?

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        - All adults patients scheduled for hand or wrist ambulatory surgery since 2016

        Exclusion criteria:

        - NA
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: TEAM: Testosterone Supplementation and Exercise in Elderly Men

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Generally healthy, untrained men 60 years or older with low-normal testosterone levels
             (200-350ng/dL)

          -  Must reside in the Denver metro area

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Prostate/breast cancer

          -  Unable to exercise safely

          -  severe obesity (>34 body mass index [BMI])

          -  Polycythemia

          -  Diabetes

          -  Use of drugs that could affect T levels

          -  Cognitive dysfunction (MMSE less than 24)

          -  PSA above the age-adjusted normal level or AUA greater than 19

          -  Unable to pass stress test due to active CAD
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 60 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 43-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, comes to the clinic complaining of recently painful menstrual cycles.  The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Urine β-hCG is negative. Menarche was at age 12, and menstrual periods occur every 28 days and lasts for 5 days.  She is sexually active with her husband and does not have pain with intercourse. BMI is 23 kg/m2 and Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the uterus is uniformly enlarged and tender. She is candidate for hysterectomy with the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Patient's own account: I'm 43, and I paid a visit to my doctor because my last few periods were insanely painful. My last periods were 2 weeks ago. I already had three pregnancies that gave me the three lovely children. I did a urine test to check for potential pregnancy, and it came back negative. I started to have my periods at the age of 12, and I have been pretty regular with periods every 28 days for 5 days. I'm sexually active with my husband and I do not have any pain when we have sex. My BMI is 23 and my vitals were normal. The doctor performed a physical exam and found that my uterus was tender and enlarged. She proposed me a hysterectomy and diagnosed me with adenomyosis.

Clinical trial: Laparoscopic Versus Transvaginal Cuff Closure

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Patients candidate for total laparoscopic hysterectomy :

               -  Uterine size <12 weeks.

               -  Having no severe endometriosis.

               -  Having descent of no more than 1st degree of uterus.

               -  Non-malignant conditions.

          2. Completion of the entire procedure by laparoscopic approach up to colpotomy.

          3. Benign conditions as indications for hysterectomy.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        - 1) Obese patients i.e., BMI > 30 k.g\m2. 2) Suspected extensive pelvic adhesions . 3)
        Factors which may prolong wound healing as uncontrolled diabetes, ,prolonged corticosteroid
        therapy ,advanced liver diseases.

        4) Inability to express adequate informed consent to participate in the study.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Surgery With or Without Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Stomach Cancer

Eligibility criteria:
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

          -  Histologically proven resectable stage II or III adenocarcinoma of the stomach

          -  No evidence of locally inoperable or distant metastases on chest x-ray and any
             combination of abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, or laparoscopy

        PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

        Age:

          -  Any age

        Performance status:

          -  WHO 0-1

        Hematopoietic:

          -  Not specified

        Hepatic:

          -  Not specified

        Renal:

          -  Creatinine clearance greater than 60 mL/min

        Cardiovascular:

          -  No clinical evidence of uncontrolled angina pectoris, cardiac failure, or significant
             uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia

        Other:

          -  No medical contraindication to study therapy

          -  No other prior malignancy except nonmelanomatous skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of
             the cervix

          -  Not pregnant

        PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

        Biologic therapy:

          -  Not specified

        Chemotherapy:

          -  No prior chemotherapy

        Endocrine therapy:

          -  Not specified

        Radiotherapy:

          -  No prior radiotherapy

        Surgery:

          -  See Disease Characteristics
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: The Accuracy of Automated Audiometry Application on Smart Phone to Screen Hearing Loss

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patient who underwent hearing test in our otologic clinic

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Age below 15 year

          -  Patients who cannot following command
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 15 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Comparative Study of Safety and Efficacy of Heavyweight and Partially Absorbable Mesh in Inguinal Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Male patients >=20 years =<85 years old

          2. Patients with Unilateral hernia

          3. Patients without previous operations in lower part of abdomen

          4. Patients capable to understand the explanation about purpose and method of the trial,
             and write an Informed Concent Form

          5. Patients capable to participate during the period of the trial

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Previous hernia repair at the same site

          2. Incarcerated hernia

          3. Strangulated hernia

          4. Patients to whom and open surgery cannot be indicated

          5. Previous urological surgery

          6. Immune incompetence of patient: AIDS, vesical fibrosis, etc.

          7. Patients with AIHD or patients who take immunosuppressive drugs

          8. Patients with liver disease (ASL, AST ≥ normal value by more than 3 times)

          9. Patients with kidney disease (creatinine>2.0mg/dL)

         10. Patients on anti-coagulants

         11. Patients with severe systematic disease

         12. Patients with malignant tumor

         13. Patients with infection or with the predicted problem of surgery site healing

         14. Participation in another clinical study within the last 30 days

         15. Patients whose participation is considered inappropriate according to other except
             above mentioned clinical condition
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment