Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 43-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, comes to the clinic complaining of recently painful menstrual cycles.  The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Urine β-hCG is negative. Menarche was at age 12, and menstrual periods occur every 28 days and lasts for 5 days.  She is sexually active with her husband and does not have pain with intercourse. BMI is 23 kg/m2 and Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the uterus is uniformly enlarged and tender. She is candidate for hysterectomy with the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Patient's own account: I'm 43, and I paid a visit to my doctor because my last few periods were insanely painful. My last periods were 2 weeks ago. I already had three pregnancies that gave me the three lovely children. I did a urine test to check for potential pregnancy, and it came back negative. I started to have my periods at the age of 12, and I have been pretty regular with periods every 28 days for 5 days. I'm sexually active with my husband and I do not have any pain when we have sex. My BMI is 23 and my vitals were normal. The doctor performed a physical exam and found that my uterus was tender and enlarged. She proposed me a hysterectomy and diagnosed me with adenomyosis.

Clinical trial: Iron and Muscular Damage: FEmale Metabolism and Menstrual Cycle During Exercise

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Participants were required to meet the following criteria:

          -  Healthy adult females between 18 and 40 years old for eumerroheic and oral
             contraceptive groups or under 60 years old for postmenopausal women.

          -  Presenting with healthy iron parameters (serum ferritin >20μg/l, haemoglobin >115 μg/l
             and transferrin saturation >16%).

          -  Performing endurance training between 5 and 12 h per week (study I) or experienced in
             resistance training performing at least 1 h session two times per week during a
             minimum of a year (study II).

        Exclusion Criteria:

        The exclusion criteria included:

          -  Irregular menstrual cycles.

          -  Any existing disease and/or metabolic or hormonal disorder.

          -  Any musculoskeletal injury in the last six months prior to the beginning of the
             project.

          -  Any surgery interventions (e.g. ovariectomy) or other medical conditions that would be
             exacerbated by an eccentric resistance exercise protocol.

          -  Regular use of medication or dietary supplements that could affect the results (e.g.
             nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).

          -  Taking medication that alters vascular function (e.g. tricyclic antidepressants,
             α-blockers, β-blockers, etc.).

          -  Pregnancies in the year preceding.

          -  Smoking.
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Using Pleural Effusions to Diagnose Cancer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Pleural effusion

          -  Hospital admission

          -  No previous pleural procedure

          -  Age > 18 years

          -  No previous chemoradiotherapy

          -  No antibiotic therapy during previous trimester

          -  All history, chest X-ray, and pleural and blood cell counts and biochemistry entry
             data obtained within 4 hours after admission

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  No diagnosis at one month post-admission

          -  No informed consent provided

          -  Age < 18 years

          -  History, chest X-ray, or pleural and blood cell counts and biochemistry entry data
             obtained later than 4 hours after admission
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Controlled Study of ONO-5334 in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia or Osteoporosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        1. Osteoporosis defined as a value DXA BMD 2.5 SD or more below the young adult mean
        (T-score, ≤-2.5) at the lumbar spine (L1 to L4) or total hip, OR

          -  Osteoporosis defined as a value of DXA BMD more than 1 SD below the young adult mean,
             but less than 2.5 SD below this value (T-score <-1 and >2.5) at the lumbar spine (L1
             to L4) or total hip.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Patients with a value of DXA BMD more that 3.5 SD below the young adult mean, (T-score
             <-3.5) at the lumbar spine (L1 to L4) or total hip.

          2. Osteoporosis patients (T-score ≤-2.5) who have any vertebral fragility fracture
             between T4 and L4 inclusive.

          3. Osteopenia patients (T-score <-1 and >-2.5) who have no vertebral fragility fractures
             between T4 and L4 inclusive, OR

               -  Osteopenia patients (T-score <-1 and >-2.5) who have two or more vertebral
                  fragility fractures between T4 and L4 inclusive.

          4. Patients who have abnormalities of the lumbar spine or femoral neck or internal organs
             around them precluding the assessment of BMD.

          5. Patients who have secondary causes of osteoporosis or other disorders of bone and
             mineral metabolism.

          6. Other exclusion criteria as specified in the study protocol.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 55 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 17-year-old male comes to the office due to several months of right elbow pain.  The pain is worse with activity and limits his workouts and activities.  He has tried over-the-counter medications with limited relief.  Medical history is notable for eczema, and current medications include a topical hydrocortisone ointment.  He is sexually active with his girlfriend and uses condoms. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. He plays tennis most of the days of the week. The comprehensive evaluation shows pain on the lateral side of the elbow, made worse by pressure applied on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and when making a fist with the elbow joint straightened. The patient has this pain since last year and had several courses of physical therapy.

Patient's own account: I'm 17, and I had to go to the doctor because I've been suffering from my right elbow for several months. The pain is even worse when I do sports and it kind of limits me for my workouts and activities. I tried over-the-counter medications but it didn't work much. I had eczema before and my medication is ointments that contain cortisone. I am sexually active as a 17-year-old guy, and I have a girlfriend, and we use condoms. I don't smoke or drink. I play tennis most days of the week. I did an exam that showed pain on the side of my elbow and it was worse when they applied some pressure on it and when I was putting my hand as a fist. I have had this pain since last year, and I had several sessions of physical therapy already.

Clinical trial: Comparative Research Among 3 Action Protocol in Other to Approach Chronic Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopathy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age between 18 and 65 years.

          -  Patients diagnosed of chronic lateral epicondyle tendinopathy with a minimum of 3
             months of evolution.

          -  Pain when palpating the lateral epicondyle area.

          -  Positive test in at least 1 of the following 3 clinical tests: Cozen, Thomson or
             Mill's

          -  Have the capacity to perform all clinical tests, understand the study process, and
             obtain informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Previous history of direct trauma, fractures, joint instability, surgery or rheumatic
             alterations of the lateral epicondyle area.

          -  Full elbow extension limited.

          -  Alterations at cervical level such as: cervical radiculopathy (C4-C7), degenerative
             pathology in the cervical spine, exacerbated pain increase with neck movements or
             cervical compression.

          -  Symptoms compatible with entrapment of the posterior interosseous nerve.

          -  NSAID intake the week before the intervention;

          -  Have received treatment with infiltration in the last year;

          -  Have received physiotherapy treatment during the last month.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): The patient is a 38-year-old man with cough and body ache that started 3 days ago.  He had fever and chills at the beginning and has low grade fever at the time of visit. He feels tired and sleepy. His body ache and myalgia get better after using Tylenol. The PCR test for Covid is positive. His vital signs are within normal limits with a body temperature of 37.9 C. There is no lymphadenopathy or white exudates in the pharynx.

Patient's own account: I was feeling really sick the other day, to the point that I showed up at the doctor's office. I was coughing, and my body was hurting for 3 days. I had a fever and chills and felt tired and sleepy. I got better after using Tylenol. They did a PCR Covid test on me, and it was positive! My vitals were normal, and my temperature was 37.9 C. I had no swelling around my neck or white spots on the back of my throat.

Clinical trial: Forecast Number of Covid-19 Cases Worldwide

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Confirmed case of Covid-19

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Cases not reported
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 51-year-old man comes to the office complaining of fatigue and some sexual problems including lack of libido. The patient doesn't smoke or use any illicit drug.  Blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg and pulse is 70/min.  Oxygen saturation is 99% on room air.  BMI is 24 kg/m2.  Skin examination shows increased pigmentation. Genotype testing is consistent with homozygosity for the C282Y mutation. Laboratory study shows transferrin saturation of 55% and serum ferritin of 550 μg/L. He is diagnosed as a case of hemochromatosis.

Patient's own account: I am 51 years old and I just came back from the doctor's office. I'm sick and tired of being that exhausted, reaching the point where me and my lovely wife are not touching each other anymore! I'm not smoking or doing drugs! My blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg, and pulse was 70/min and my oxygen saturation 99%. My BMI is 24. My skin also turned a bit darker lately. He tested my genes and told me that I have a mutation of the C282Y gene. I also did lab tests where my transferrin saturation was 55% and serum ferritin was 550  μg/L. The doctor diagnosed me with iron overload.

Clinical trial: Inhibiting Dietary Iron Absorption in Subjects With Hereditary Hemochromatosis by a Natural Polyphenol Supplement

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Homozygous for C282Y mutation in HFE (hemochromatosis) gene

          -  Written informed consent

          -  Age 18-65 y

          -  Not pregnant or lactating

          -  Body weight < 75 kg

          -  Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2

          -  No acute illness/infection (self-reported)

          -  No metabolic or gastrointestinal disorders, eating disorders or food allergy to the
             ingredients of the test meal (self-reported)

          -  No scheduled phlebotomy throughout the study period

          -  The last phlebotomy will be at least 4 weeks prior first test meal administration

          -  No use of medications affecting iron absorption or metabolism during the study

          -  No intake of mineral/vitamin supplements 2 weeks before the first study day and during
             the study

          -  Participation in any other clinical study within the last 30 days

          -  Expected to comply with study protocol
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: Laser Therapy, Pain and Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis Treatment

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Women over 18 diagnosis of CMC joint OA in their dominan hand.

          -  State 1-2 according to the American College of Rheumatology.

          -  Pain intensity during activities of daily living (ADLs) of up to 4 of 10 on the visual
             analog scale (VAS)

          -  Ability to read or understand the patient information sheets.

          -  Ability to sign a consent form will be included in the study

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Neurologic disorder affecting the upper limb

          -  Previous treatment for their hand problem in the last 6 months including an
             intra-articular joint injection to wrist, fingers, or thumb

          -  Had fractures or a significant hand injury or previous surgery to the wrist, thumb or
             hand

          -  Finger tenosynovitis.

          -  Dupuytren disease.

          -  Psychological treatment.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Management of Pregnancies of Unknown Location (PUL)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Patients with a PUL

          2. Patients with mild or no symptoms

          3. Patients willing to be randomized

          4. First hCG value <10,000 IU/L

          5. Patients with an interval between two hCG measurements of 44-56 h

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Hemodynamically unstable patients

          2. Hemoperitoneum

          3. Patients not managed as outpatients during the course of the initial two hCG
             measurements

          4. Non-understanding of the oral or written study information
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Six Month Study of Gentamicin in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy With Stop Codons

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age 5-20 years

          -  Duchenne muscular dystrophy documented by written report of stop codon mutation
             analysis of the dystrophin gene.

          -  Subject is capable of cooperating for efficacy and safety testing

          -  Absent dystrophin on muscle biopsy

          -  Subjects may be untreated, taking prednisone or comparable corticosteroids

          -  Subjects taking corticosteroids must be on the same dose for at least 3 months (90
             days) prior to the start of the study.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Known allergy to any aminoglycoside or sulfate compounds

          -  Current use of potential nephrotoxic or ototoxic drug

          -  Current use of corticosteroids has not been stable for 3 months (90) days

          -  Known mutation at nucleotide 1555 in 12S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA (predisposes
             to aminoglycoside hearing loss and commercially available via Athena Diagnostics Lab).
             This DNA testing (Hearing susceptibility test) will be made available through funding
             from this grant.

          -  Inability to hear within the range of 0 to 25 dB in any hearing frequency by pure tone
             audiometry

          -  Cystatin C equal to or > 1.4mg/L

          -  Other medical condition that would impede the conduct of study (e.g., congestive heart
             failure)
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 5 Years old.
Subject must be at most 20 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment