Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: HPV as a Possible Cause of Azoospermia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Men with azoospermia (Group 1) and proven fertile men undergoing vasectomy (Group 2)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Men with testicular abnormalities (Group 2)

          -  Men who do not understand the purpose and possible consequences of the study (both
             groups)
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 27-year-old woman comes to the dermatology clinic with skin rash and oral ulcers.  The rashes are mildly itchy. The patient has no other medical conditions and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  On examination, there are pink papules symmetrically distributed over the anterior surfaces of the shins and ankles. There are some white ulcerated papules on her buccal mucosa. She is in relationship with her boyfriend and has only one sexual partner. Her boyfriend uses condoms. She smokes 1 to 2 cigarettes a day and drinks a beer daily. Biopsy reveals prominent hyperkeratosis with a thickened granular layer.  There is an infiltration of mononuclear cells in the superficial dermis that involves the overlying epidermis. The rete ridges have a sawtooth appearance.

Patient's own account: I went to the dermatologist because I had rashes on my skin and ulcers in my mouth. The rashes were not that itchy. I don't get it! I'm 27, I don't take medication, nor I don't have any other illnesses. My vitals were normal. My doc told me there were pink spots on the back of my throat. I'm heterosexual and have been only with my boyfriend and he uses condoms. I smoke 1 or 2 cigarettes a day and I drink a beer to accompany it. I had a biopsy and it showed some thick and grainy skin texture. The doc said it's an immune reaction.

Clinical trial: Echographic Measurement of Skin Thickness

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Healthy adults

          -  Age: 18-65 years

          -  Dutch-speaking

          -  Caucasian

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnancy or lactating

          -  Using ointment, crème, or gels based on corticoids

          -  Suffering from skin diseases (psoriasis, burning wounds)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using Event Related Potentials

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria: Cohort 1: Older adults with memory impairment: must have a physician or
        primary caregiver report of memory loss and must be between 50 and 100 years old.

        cohort 2: Older adults who test normally on neuropsychologic testing and have no history of
        neurologic disorders.

        Exclusion Criteria: Lack of reported memory loss by physician or primary caregiver who does
        not meet age limits.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.
Subject must be at most 100 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the office due to weight gain and fatigue.  He is not able to lift heavy objects or climb stairs. Family history is positive for DM type 2 and HTN in his father.  Blood pressure is 165/90 mm Hg and pulse is 85/min.  On physical examination, there is symmetric proximal muscle weakness of the upper and lower extremities.  Fasting plasma glucose level is 138 mg/dL and 24-hour urinary cortisol is twice the upper normal limit.  Further evaluation reveals that high-dose, but not low-dose, dexamethasone suppresses serum cortisol levels.  Serum ACTH levels are high-normal. This patient's findings are consistent with endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old man. I went to the clinic because I had been gaining weight and had increased fatigue over the past few weeks. I was not able to lift heavy objects or even climb the stairs. My dad was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. During the exam, they took my blood pressure, which was 165/90 mm Hg, and my pulse was 85/min. They found out that I have weaknesses in both of my arms and legs. I also did a blood test on an empty stomach, and I had a glucose level of 138 mg/dL, and twice the upper normal limit of cortisol. I had high-normal levels of ACTH. The doctor said I suffer from endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Clinical trial: Saliva Cortisol Measurement as a Screening Test for Suspicious Cushings Syndrome in Children.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:Children aged 4-16 years. Healthy population from selected kindergarten
        and Schools, and patients refered to the obesity clinic Haukeland University Hospital, for
        examination and optionally treatment.

        -

        Exclusion Criteria:Use of any kind of steroids ( oral, liniments, inhalations etc)

        -
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 4 Years old.
Subject must be at most 16 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: PneuMum: Pneumococcal Vaccination of Australian Indigenous Mothers

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Singleton uncomplicated pregnancy

          -  Reside in Darwin, the Tiwi Islands, or other remote community where consent has been
             obtained

          -  Intends to deliver child at the Royal Darwin Hospital or other designated hospital
             where consent has been obtained

          -  Has given informed consent to participate

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Had 23vPPV within the previous three years

          -  Had a previous dose of dTpa

          -  Intends to leave the study area during the follow-up period

          -  HIV positive

          -  History of severe allergy, uncontrolled asthma or splenectomy
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 17 Years old.
Subject must be at most 39 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of dizziness.  She also has occasional nausea and ringing in her right ear.  The patient also has difficulty hearing while holding her phone to the left ear, although hearing in her right ear is normal.  The dizziness improves spontaneously, and she feels fine between episodes.  Past medical history is notable for hypothyroidism and low vit D level, for which she is using Levothyroxine and Vit D pearl.  She does not use tobacco or drink alcohol. Physical examination shows sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear. She has only one-man sexual partner and menopaused 2 years ago.

Patient's own account: The other day, I had to go to the clinic due to severe dizziness. I'm 47 years old, and I've been suffering from nausea and ringing in my right ear. I also have difficulty hearing in my left ear while I hold my phone, even if my hearing in my right ear is normal. The dizziness just gets me all of a sudden but I don't have any symptoms in between 2 episodes. I suffer from hypothyroidism and low vitamin D levels. So I take Levothyrox and vitamin D pearl. I don't smoke or drink. They conducted a physical exam and said I had hearing loss in my left ear. My only partner is my husband, and I'm menopause for 2 years now.

Clinical trial: Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of SpotOn Specs™ for the Treatment of Chronic Dizziness

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age: 18≤ years ≤85

          -  Clinical diagnosis of chronic dizziness primary or secondary to vestibular disorder.

          -  Stable symptoms for more than one month and less than a year.

          -  Ability to perform all tests (including computerized test) and interviews.

          -  Gave informed consent for participation in the study.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Dizziness disease with fluctuating symptoms such as in active Meniere's disease or
             Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

          -  CNS disease or injuries

          -  Dizziness caused as a result of previous whiplash

          -  Any active or non-controlled disease that might cause dizziness (e.g. non-controlled
             diabetes, hypertension, anemia, respiratory, cardiovascular or endocrinological
             disorder etc.)

          -  Pregnant women

          -  Participation currently in another clinical study or enrolled in another clinical
             study within 30 days prior to this study.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: A Phase IIb Trial of Pulmicort Turbuhaler (Budesonide)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  age > 40 years; smoking history of 30 pack-years or more; normal organ function;
             sputum atypia

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  general debility that would prevent completion of 6 month follow-up; existing cancer
             diagnosis
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Study of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analog (LHRHa) in Pubertal Patients With Extreme Short Stature

Eligibility criteria:
Patients with extreme short stature will qualify for inclusion under this protocol if they
        meet the following criteria:

        Age 9 through 15.99 years at the start of treatment.

        Tanner II-V pubertal development.

        Height at least 2.25 S.D. below the median for chronologic age at the time of pubertal
        onset, or a predicted adult height at least 2.25 S.D. below median adult height.

        The height criterion must be met before study entry, but not necessarily on the actual date
        the patient starts to take the protocol injections because advancing puberty may cause an
        increase in height velocity that temporarily increases height standard deviation score.

        Unfused carpal and phalangeal epiphyses by bone age x-ray.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 2-year-old boy is brought to the office by his parents due to a rash that started 1 week ago.  A similar red, itchy rash on the cheeks, trunk, and arms has occurred intermittently since infancy.  The patient has had a few upper respiratory infections but no major illnesses.  Vaccinations are up to date, and he takes no medications. He is on a balanced diet, and he is healthy in appearance.  Vital signs and milestone examination are within normal limits.  Similar findings are observed on the cheeks and proximal upper extremities.  The diaper area is clear, and no mucosal lesions are present.

Patient's own account: I just brought my two-year-old son to the doctor's office because he had a rash for like one week. His rash was on the cheeks, the trunk, and his arms. He already had this before, and it keeps coming back from time to time to time. In the past, he had some respiratory infections but he has never been this sick. His vaccinations are up to date, and he doesn't take any medication. He's healthy with a nice diet. The doctor told me his vitals and milestone examinations were normal. The doctor also said there was a rash around the cheek and the upper part of his arms. The diaper area is okay, and there are no lesions.

Clinical trial: Clinical and Immunological Evaluation of Children With Allergies

Eligibility criteria:
-  INCLUSION CRITERIA:

        Males and females, age 3 months to 19 years old, (less than 18 years old).

        Individuals referred to the NIH with a diagnosis of asthma, rhinitis, anaphylaxis,
        urticaria, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, stinging insect allergy or other
        allergic/inflammatory diseases.

        Subjects must maintain a primary physician for protocol related and non-related long-term
        follow-up and for any emergency medical treatment required.

        INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR PARENTS:

        Must be biological Parent

        Must have a child with a diagnosis of allergic disease

        EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

        Inability to provide informed consent or assent. In the case of minors, unavailability of a
        parent or guardian.

        EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR PARENTS:

        Non-biological parent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 3 Months old.
Subject must be at most 19 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: Comparison of Two Types of Ankle Braces in the Management of Ankle Pain in Hemophilia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Hemophilia A or B, with or without inhibitor, with unilateral or bilateral ankle pain

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  None
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 5 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 15-week-old infant brought to the clinic for the follow up. The infant has flat facies, small ears, a single palmar crease, and upward slanting eyes. He was born on 39th week to a 39-year-old woman who didn't have prenatal care. The medical record confirms the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Down syndrome). The infant is otherwise healthy.

Patient's own account: My newborn, who is only 15 weeks old, had one of his follow-up appointments. The doctor pointed out that my baby had a flat face, small ears, only one palm line, and small eyes. He was born on his 39th week, while I was 39. What a coincidence! To be honest, I did not go to the doctor during my pregnancy. The doctor diagnosed my baby with Down syndrome. Apart from that he's healthy.

Clinical trial: The Crnic Institute Human Trisome Project Biobank

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Anyone 6 months to 89 years old who:

          1. has Down syndrome (any type)

          2. does not have Down syndrome

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Prisoners

          2. Wards of the state
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 6 Months old.
Subject must be at most 89 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 15-week-old infant brought to the clinic for the follow up. The infant has flat facies, small ears, a single palmar crease, and upward slanting eyes. He was born on 39th week to a 39-year-old woman who didn't have prenatal care. The medical record confirms the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Down syndrome). The infant is otherwise healthy.

Patient's own account: My newborn, who is only 15 weeks old, had one of his follow-up appointments. The doctor pointed out that my baby had a flat face, small ears, only one palm line, and small eyes. He was born on his 39th week, while I was 39. What a coincidence! To be honest, I did not go to the doctor during my pregnancy. The doctor diagnosed my baby with Down syndrome. Apart from that he's healthy.

Clinical trial: Trends in Intellectual Development in Down Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Down syndrome with psychological test results

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Comorbidity of severe Autism or visual/auditory impairment
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 3 Months old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment