Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: Impact of Yoga on Blood Pressure, Quality of Life and Stress in Patients With Hypertension

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  30-80 years old

          -  Diagnosed with hypertension since at least one year

          -  Blood pressure 130-160 mm Hg systolic and/or 85-100 diastolic at the last blood
             pressure control by doctor or nurse.

          -  Blood pressure within inclusion- and exclusion-limits at baseline control

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Blood pressure outside the range of 120-180 systolic and 80-110 diastolic at the last
             blood pressure control or at baseline control.

          -  Medical adjustments regarding hypertension within 4 weeks prior to begin of study.

          -  Expected inability to understand instructions about yoga exercises (e.g dementia and
             mental retardation) or physical or psychical inability to carry out yoga exercises
             (e.g severe physical or psychical handicap).

          -  Need for interpreter. Linguistic/language difficulties
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 30 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 24-year-old man comes to the office complaining of infertility.  He and his wife have been trying to conceive for the last 18 months.  Medical records of his wife showed no abnormalities.  The patient doesn't smoke and takes no medications.  Height is 185 cm and weight is 77 kg.  Heart and lung sounds are normal.  There is bilateral gynecomastia and bilateral descended firm testes.  The lower extremities appear abnormally long. His karyotype evaluation shows 47, XXY consistent with Klinefelter syndrome.

Patient's own account: I'm only a 24 year old man but I’m already struggling with infertility. I went to a clinic with my wife the other day because we've been trying to have a baby for at least 18 months. The medical records of my wife are totally normal. For me I don't smoke or take any medication. I'm 185 cm and 77 kg. Everything was normal when the doctor inspected my lungs and my heart. The doctor said that I have enlarged breasts for a man. My testicles seem normal. The doctor noticed that my legs were abnormally long compared to the rest of my body. I also had a karyotype evaluation which led the doctor to diagnose me with Klinefelter syndrome.

Clinical trial: Study of Gene Associations and Infertility

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  all patients undergoing fertility care

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  none
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Efficacy Study of Tissucol/Tisseel Fibrin Sealant to Treat Inguinal Hernia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Signed informed consent obtained from the subject prior to participation in the study

          -  Active males over the age of 18 years and below 80 years

          -  Experiencing an uncomplicated unilateral primary inguinal hernia or experiencing an
             uncomplicated bilateral hernia provided that only one hernia is operated during the 12
             months of study follow-up

          -  Subjects eligible for elective inguinal hernia repair using Lichtenstein technique.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Recurrent, scrotal, incarcerated or femoral hernias

          -  Hernia types L3 and M3 according the EHS classification

          -  BMI equal or more than 35

          -  Concomitant abdominal surgery

          -  Ongoing long term analgesic or steroid treatment

          -  Patients under Clopidogrel or Warfarin (can be switched to LMW sub-cutaneous heparin)

          -  Known abuse of alcohol or drugs

          -  Liver cirrhosis (Child C)

          -  Previous treatment or Hypersensitivity to bovine aprotinin

          -  Known immunodeficiency

          -  Severely compromised physical or psychological health, that in the investigator's
             opinion will affect patient compliance

          -  Concurrently participating in another clinical trial and having received another
             investigational drug or device within the last 30 days
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the clinic for the follow up of his neuromuscular disease. He experienced gradual, progressive weakness of the left upper extremity over the last year.  Over the last few months, he has also noticed weakness in the right upper extremity.  BP is 120/75, PR is 80 and temperature is 37 C. Reflexes are brisk in the upper extremities, and the plantar responses are extensor.  Mild gait ataxia is present. The patient is under treatment of Riluzole 50 mg BID with the diagnosis of ALS.

Patient's own account: I've been suffering from a neuromuscular disease for a while now, and I went to my doctor's office. I'm now a 47-year-old man and over the past year I experienced a progressive and gradual weakness of my left upper extremity, and over the past month, I also noticed a weakness over my right upper extremity. My heart rate was 120/75, and my  PR was 80 with 37°C for temperature. My reflexes are not good in my upper extremities, and I have trouble with my balance. I'm also under Exservan 50 mg for my sclerosis.

Clinical trial: New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients will be adults with a diagnosis of ALS.

          -  Healthy controls will also be recruited and will be age- and gender-matched to
             patients.

          -  Patients able to undergo a brain MRI for approximately an hour.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Subjects with other psychiatric or CNS or PNS diseases.

          -  Subjects ineligible for MRI investigation due to a pacemaker or other metallic foreign
             body, or significant claustrophobia that could affect the ability to have an MRI scan.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 43-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, comes to the clinic complaining of recently painful menstrual cycles.  The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Urine β-hCG is negative. Menarche was at age 12, and menstrual periods occur every 28 days and lasts for 5 days.  She is sexually active with her husband and does not have pain with intercourse. BMI is 23 kg/m2 and Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the uterus is uniformly enlarged and tender. She is candidate for hysterectomy with the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Patient's own account: I'm 43, and I paid a visit to my doctor because my last few periods were insanely painful. My last periods were 2 weeks ago. I already had three pregnancies that gave me the three lovely children. I did a urine test to check for potential pregnancy, and it came back negative. I started to have my periods at the age of 12, and I have been pretty regular with periods every 28 days for 5 days. I'm sexually active with my husband and I do not have any pain when we have sex. My BMI is 23 and my vitals were normal. The doctor performed a physical exam and found that my uterus was tender and enlarged. She proposed me a hysterectomy and diagnosed me with adenomyosis.

Clinical trial: Effects of Menstrual Cycle on Preoperative Anxiety

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  The study included 80 women with ASA I-II,

          -  Aged 18 to 45 years, who were accepted to participate in the study,

          -  were smoking,

          -  did not use oral contraceptives,

          -  had no menstrual irregularity (regular 28 ± 2 days menstrual cycle)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  In preop evaluation patients had difficulties in communication,

          -  amenorrhea,

          -  pregnancy,

          -  delirium,

          -  psychological illness,

          -  major depressive disorder,

          -  patients with a history of acute illness (such as in intensive care unit follow-up),

          -  which may affect cognitive function and daily life activities in the last 6 months,

          -  malignancy,

          -  acute renal failure,

          -  substance abuse and patients older than 45 years and male sex will be excluded from
             the study.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Termination Of Anembryonic Pregnancy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Maternal age ≥20years old.

          -  No vaginal bleeding.

          -  No dilation of internal os.

          -  Gestational age: from 8-11weeks.

          -  Gestational sac with a mean gestational sac diameter (MGD) greater than 25 mm and no
             yolk sac, or an MGD >25 mm with no embryo.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with excessive vaginal bleeding (soaking more than a pad per day).

          -  Patients with dilated cervix.

          -  Patients with allergy either to misoprostol or isosorbide mononitrate.

          -  Those who will be insisted on D and C will be excluded from the study.

          -  Women will be excluded from the study if they are anemic (hemoglobin less than 11
             g/dl).

          -  Hemo-dynamically unstable with signs of pelvic infection and/or sepsis.

          -  Suffering from a clotting disorder or using anticoagulants.

          -  Women with uterine pathology such as myomas or malformation.

          -  Women had previous caesarian section.

          -  Asthmatic patients.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Application of Transthoracic Shear-wave Ultrasound Elastography in Pleural Lesions

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with radiographic evidence of pleural lesions or effusion

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Age < 20 y/o

          -  Patients who cannot hold their breath for 5 seconds
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Osteoporosis Research Registry

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Any subjects who give written informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Any individual who is not willing or able to give written informed consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: The Long-term Evaluation of Glucosamine Sulphate Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Knee pain, or taking NSAIDs/ analgesia for knee pain on most days past month

          -  Knee pain 4-10 on 10cm VAS

          -  Medial tibio-femoral compartment joint space narrowing in symptomatic knee

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Unstable diabetes

          -  <2mm medial tibio-femoral compartment joint space width
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Virtual Gout Clinic

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  At least one prior International Classification of Disease (ICD) 9 code for gout
             (274.xx)

          -  Received a new prescription for allopurinol, defined as no prior allopurinol
             prescription in the preceding 12 months

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  No prior ICD9 code for gout (274.xx)

          -  Did not receive a new prescription for allopurinol, defined as no prior allopurinol
             prescription in the preceding 12 months
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: The Right Treatment for the Right Patient at the Right Time. A Study Following 5,000 Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  primary referrals to one of two orthopedic department's outpatient clinics due to knee
             osteoarthritis

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  previous total or unicompartmental knee replacement

          -  osteotomy around the study knee

          -  unable to read or write Danish

          -  patients who decline to answer the questionnaire at inclusion
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.




Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment