Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of hand tremor that started few months ago.  It is most bothering when he wants to drink from a glass or pour from a bottle. He does not smoke, but drinks occasionally. He recently started consuming more alcohol as his tremor subsides somewhat when he drinks small amounts of alcohol.  Family history is significant for similar problems in his mother.  Vital signs are normal and the patient has no other medical conditions.  Neurologic examination shows bilateral tremor in the upper extremities. The diagnosis of essential tremor is confirmed.

Patient's own account: I'm only a 60 years old man but I already suffer from shaky hands. It started a few months ago, and it really bothers me when I want to pour myself a glass or even while drinking. I don't smoke, but I drink alcohol from time to time. To be honest, I've been drinking a little more lately since it helps me with the shaking. My mom had the same issue when she was my age. The doctor took my vitals, and they were normal. I don't have any other medical issues. I underwent neurological exams and it showed that I’m shaky from both sides. The doctor diagnosed me with essential tremor.

Clinical trial: Using DBS to Probe Basal Ganglia Dysfunction

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the
             study.

          -  Male or Female, aged 18 to 80 years old.

          -  Diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, Essential Tremor or Dystonia.

          -  Undergoing two-stage surgery for deep brain stimulation as therapy for their movement
             disorder.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Cognitive impairment (judged by the clinician on the care team or in the research team
             as a participant not having sufficient mental capacity to understand the study and its
             requirements). This includes anyone who, in the opinion of clinicians on the care team
             or clinicians in the research team, is unlikely to retain sufficient mental capacity
             for the duration of their involvement in the study.

          -  Intracranial bleeding, confusion, cerebrospinal fluid leak or any other complication
             after the first stage of surgery.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.

Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Stem Cell Therapy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  age group of 3-25 years

          -  Duchenne muscular dystrophy diagnosed on the basis of clinical presentation

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  presence of respiratory distress

          -  presence of acute infections such as Human Immunodeficient Virus/Hepatitis B
             Virus/Hepatitis C Virus

          -  malignancies

          -  acute medical conditions such as respiratory infection, fever, hemoglobin less than 8,
             bleeding tendency, bone marrow disorder, left ventricular ejection fraction < 30%

          -  pregnancy or breastfeeding
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 3 Years old.
Subject must be at most 25 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment for Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Mesh Repair: Necessary or Not?

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Elective laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, unilateral or bilateral

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Those requiring antibiotics for the surgery;

          -  Those patients who have experienced surgical site infections from previous surgeries
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Upper Limb Assessment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  proven DMD

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  severe mental retardation
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 4 Years old.
Subject must be at most 35 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: Evaluation of Two Different Thickening Products in Patients With Dysphagia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  History of dysphagia necessitating a dynamic fluoroscopic swallow study

          -  Age > 18 years

          -  Ability to complete a comprehensive dynamic fluoroscopic swallow study

          -  Ability to provide informed consent for study participation

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Age < 18 years

          -  Pregnant women

          -  Prisoner or other institutionalized individual

          -  Cognitive disability precluding the ability to provide informed consent or complete a
             comprehensive swallow study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: Feasibility Study of Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty (BET)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Adult patients over 18 years old with grade 2-3 retraction pocket of the tympanic membrane
        as assessed by study clinician.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Craniofacial abnormalities (assessed by history and examination)

          -  Cholesteatoma (assessed by history, otoscopy, tympanogram, PTA)

          -  Nasopharyngeal tumours (assessed by flexible nasendoscopy)

          -  Adenoid hypertrophy (assessed by flexible nasendoscopy)

          -  Patulous ET (assessed by history, otoscopy and tympanogram)

          -  Previous middle ear surgery (assessed by history and otoscopy)

          -  Concurrent use of anticoagulant medication
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of hand tremor that started few months ago.  It is most bothering when he wants to drink from a glass or pour from a bottle. He does not smoke, but drinks occasionally. He recently started consuming more alcohol as his tremor subsides somewhat when he drinks small amounts of alcohol.  Family history is significant for similar problems in his mother.  Vital signs are normal and the patient has no other medical conditions.  Neurologic examination shows bilateral tremor in the upper extremities. The diagnosis of essential tremor is confirmed.

Patient's own account: I'm only a 60 years old man but I already suffer from shaky hands. It started a few months ago, and it really bothers me when I want to pour myself a glass or even while drinking. I don't smoke, but I drink alcohol from time to time. To be honest, I've been drinking a little more lately since it helps me with the shaking. My mom had the same issue when she was my age. The doctor took my vitals, and they were normal. I don't have any other medical issues. I underwent neurological exams and it showed that I’m shaky from both sides. The doctor diagnosed me with essential tremor.

Clinical trial: A Study to Evaluate SAGE-217 in Participants With Essential Tremor

Eligibility criteria:
Key Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Participant must have a diagnosis of Essential Tremor (ET), defined as bilateral
             postural tremor and kinetic tremor, involving hands and forearms, that is visible and
             persistent and the duration is >5 years prior to screening.

        Key Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Participant has presence of abnormal neurological signs other than tremor or Froment's
             sign.

          -  Participant has presence of known causes of enhanced physiological tremor.

          -  Participant has concurrent or recent exposure (14 days prior to admission visit) to
             tremorogenic drugs.

          -  Participant has had direct or indirect trauma to the nervous system within 3 months
             before the onset of tremor.

          -  Participant has historical or clinical evidence of tremor with psychogenic origin.

          -  Participant has convincing evidence of sudden tremor onset or evidence of stepwise
             deterioration of tremor.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: UTHealth Turner Syndrome Research Registry

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosis of Turner Syndrome

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosis excluding Turner Syndrome
Female




Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department following an episode of syncope.  He was working out when he felt dizzy and passed out without head injury.  He has had 3 other episodes of light-headedness over the last year, all happening during physical activity. He never had this experience while resting. He has no other medical conditions.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  His father died suddenly at age 35.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  On physical examination, the patient has a harsh systolic murmur.  The lungs are clear with no peripheral edema. Echocardiography shows asymmetric interventricular septal hypertrophy.

Patient's own account: I'm 23, and I got admitted to the ER because I fainted all of a sudden. I was in the gym, working out, when all of a sudden, I just got dizzy and passed out. Hopefully, I didn't hit my head. It's not my first time having that kind of dizziness at the gym, never when I'm chilling at home tho. I don't have any special medical conditions and I'm not even smoking, drinking or doing drugs! My dad died suddenly when he was 35, so I'm kind of scared. My vitals were normal while at the ER and they did a physical exam and they told me my heart sounds abnormal. My lungs are ok, but I had to do an echography of my heart, and they told me it is bigger than average.

Clinical trial: Patient Follow-up After Consultation in Emergency Department

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Major patient not benefiting from any legal protection measures.

          -  Speaking French.

          -  Outgoing after having received a consultation in a hospital emergency department.

          -  Accepting to participate in the study after being informed of the protocol.

          -  Having the possibility to be reached by telephone on J7.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patient with a pathology that does not allow him or her to understand instructions or
             express themselves.

          -  Patient under tutelage or curatorship or deprived of all freedom.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of gritty sensation in her eyes. She also has difficulty swallowing dry foods with no pain or heartburn.  The patient is a schoolteacher and must drink water frequently during lectures due to her mouth dryness.  She also reports occasional joint pain.  Medical history is not significant other than the confirmed Sjogren disease with no other rheumatologic disease.  She is sexually active with her husband and has 2 children both delivered by natural vaginal delivery. She has no history of any kind of surgery. Physical examination shows conjunctival erythema and cracking of the lips. The remainder of the examination and history is normal. Her lab result shows elevated ESR (50 mm/h)

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a terrible gritty sensation in my eyes. It was also hard to swallow dry food, but it didn't burn, and there was no pain. I'm a 40-year-old female school teacher and I should drink water for the lectures because otherwise, my mouth gets really dry. I also have joint pain from time to time. I have been diagnosed with Sjogren disease but no other rheumatologic disease. I have a husband, we're sexually active, and I also have two lovely children that I delivered both naturally. I never undergone any surgery. Physical examination when I came to the clinic, and it showed cracking on my lips and a pink eye. The rest was fine. I also did some lab tests, and they came back with high ESR.

Clinical trial: Rebamipide AND Sjögren Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  SS patients with dry mouth symptoms

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with dry mouth due to other conditions
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Acupuncture Treatment for Improving Alzheimer's Dementia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Mild to moderate AD

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Severe AD
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 60 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 7-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents for generalized rash.  The mother reports that she was playing outside wearing a skirt and felt a sharp pain in her arm while seating on a mat, plying with her doll.  Her mother suspects that something had stung her.   The patient's blood pressure is 75/55 mm Hg and her heart rate is 122/min.  Physical examination shows erythematous, raised plaques over the trunk, extremities, and face.  Lung auscultation reveals bilateral expiratory wheezes.

Patient's own account: I just brought my seven-year-old girl to the ER because she just developed a terrible rash. My little girl was playing outside and she was wearing a lovely little skirt and all of a sudden. She felt like a really sharp pain in her arm. She was sitting on a mat playing with her doll. I think that something stung her. They took her blood pressure, and it turned out to be 75 out of 55. Her heart rate was 122. Then they did a physical examination, and it showed rashes all around her trunk, extremities, and face. Her breath test revealed some high-pitched breathing.

Clinical trial: Nasal Findings in Reactive Airway Diseases

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  All children having chest wheezes, aged from two years to eighteen years, attending
             emergency unit of Assiut University Pediatric Hospital, during the period 1⁄6∕2017 to
             1∕6⁄2018. They will be examined in Otolaryngology Department, Assiut University
             Hospital

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Refusal of endoscopic nasal examination by care givers.and patients with definite
             diagnosis of wheeze (bronchiolitis,pneumonia)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 2 Years old.
Subject must be at most 18 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment