Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Improving Osteoporosis Care in a Home Health Setting

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  prior fracture

          -  osteoporosis diagnosis

          -  received home health care

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  hospice

          -  active cancer treatment
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the clinic for the follow up of his neuromuscular disease. He experienced gradual, progressive weakness of the left upper extremity over the last year.  Over the last few months, he has also noticed weakness in the right upper extremity.  BP is 120/75, PR is 80 and temperature is 37 C. Reflexes are brisk in the upper extremities, and the plantar responses are extensor.  Mild gait ataxia is present. The patient is under treatment of Riluzole 50 mg BID with the diagnosis of ALS.

Patient's own account: I've been suffering from a neuromuscular disease for a while now, and I went to my doctor's office. I'm now a 47-year-old man and over the past year I experienced a progressive and gradual weakness of my left upper extremity, and over the past month, I also noticed a weakness over my right upper extremity. My heart rate was 120/75, and my  PR was 80 with 37°C for temperature. My reflexes are not good in my upper extremities, and I have trouble with my balance. I'm also under Exservan 50 mg for my sclerosis.

Clinical trial: Chewing Efficiency Measured by a Two Colour Chewing Gum Test in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Patients?

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  ALS patients

          -  > 18 years

          -  Participation in the cohort study

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Refusal of participating in the cohort study

          -  Presence of PEG
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Study Comparing Total Extraperitoneal Patch "TEP" Versus Lichtenstein According Chronic Pain

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  men between 30-75 years of age

          -  ASA class I-II

          -  primary unilateral inguinal hernia

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  lower midline incision below linea arcuate

          -  large scrotal hernia

          -  previously or current abuse,mental disease

          -  obesity BMI > 35

          -  another simultaneous operation

          -  nonreducible hernia

          -  severe pain in the groin without nonrelated to hernia

          -  contraindications to general anesthesia

          -  need of language translator

          -  liver cirrhosis or ascites

          -  spread cancer disease

          -  previously irradiation in the area

          -  lack of operations indication
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 30 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Analgesic Efficacy of Testosterone Replacement in Hypogonadal Opioid-Treated Chronic Pain Patients: A Pilot Study.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Adult male patients (above 18 years old and below 60 years old)

          -  Receiving greater than 20 IV morphine equivalents/day with <20% change in dosage in
             the last month.

          -  AM total testosterone <300 ng/dL

          -  Report "worst pain during the past week" grater than 4 on an 11-point numeric scale.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Females

          -  Poorly controlled, symptomatic, active medical or psychiatric problems (e.g., HIV,
             hepatitis, diabetes, cancer, benign prostatic hypertrophy, substance abuse, major
             depression)

          -  Neurological or psychiatric disorder that would compromise the patient's ability to
             give informed consent or adhere to the requirements of the protocol.

          -  History of prostate cancer, abnormal findings on digital rectal exam, or PSA greater
             than 4.0 ng/m

          -  History of polycythemia

          -  Renal or hepatic dysfunction

          -  Hematocrit >55%

          -  Known history of hypersensitivity to transdermal testosterone gel.

          -  Abnormalities during digital rectal exam.
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Study of the Diagnostic Value of Stable Calcium Isotope Profiling in Bone and Calcium Disorders

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) T-score known clinically to be = or < -2.5 OR
             presence of low-energy osteoporotic fractures (i.e. excluding those of the skull,
             fingers and toes) [for osteoporosis and calcium malabsorption patients]

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  inability to provide written informed consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Safety and Activity of IMAB362 in Combination With Zoledronic Acid and Interleukin-2 in CLDN18.2-positive Gastric Cancer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the stomach, the esophagus or the
             gastroesophageal junction

          -  Inoperable locally advanced disease, resections with R0, R1 or R2 outcome or
             metastatic disease.

          -  CLDN18.2 expression confirmed by immunohistochemistry in paraffin embedded tumor
             tissue sample.

          -  Measurable and/or non-measurable disease as defined according to RECIST v1.1

          -  Age ≥ 18 years

          -  Written informed consent

          -  ECOG performance status (PS) 0-1

          -  Life expectancy > 3 months

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Prior hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance to one of the compounds of the study
             treatment

          -  Known HIV infection or known symptomatic hepatitis (A, B, C)

          -  Clinical symptoms of cerebral metastases

          -  Pregnancy or breastfeeding

          -  Patients treated with any bisphosphonate-based therapeutic for any indication during
             the previous year

          -  Hypocalcemia that requires medication. Corrected (adjusted for serum albumin) serum
             calcium < 8 mg/dl (2 mmol/L) or > 12 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of hand tremor that started few months ago.  It is most bothering when he wants to drink from a glass or pour from a bottle. He does not smoke, but drinks occasionally. He recently started consuming more alcohol as his tremor subsides somewhat when he drinks small amounts of alcohol.  Family history is significant for similar problems in his mother.  Vital signs are normal and the patient has no other medical conditions.  Neurologic examination shows bilateral tremor in the upper extremities. The diagnosis of essential tremor is confirmed.

Patient's own account: I'm only a 60 years old man but I already suffer from shaky hands. It started a few months ago, and it really bothers me when I want to pour myself a glass or even while drinking. I don't smoke, but I drink alcohol from time to time. To be honest, I've been drinking a little more lately since it helps me with the shaking. My mom had the same issue when she was my age. The doctor took my vitals, and they were normal. I don't have any other medical issues. I underwent neurological exams and it showed that I’m shaky from both sides. The doctor diagnosed me with essential tremor.

Clinical trial: Technology-based Analysis of Movement Disorders

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  clinical diagnosis of parkinsonism and/or dystonia and/or tremor due to:

               1. idiopatic parkinson's disease

               2. atypical parkinsonism

               3. sporadic or inherited/genetic dystonia

               4. young-onset Parkinson's disease

               5. Ataxia syndrome

               6. Choereic syndrome

               7. Essential tremor

               8. Dystonic tremor

          -  18 to 80 years of age

          -  Willing and able to provide informed consent

          -  able to walk unassisted

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Change in pharmacological therapy in the last 3 months.

          -  Participated in a clinical drug trial up to 3 months before inclusion into the present
             study

          -  Orthopaedical comorbidities affecting gait or posture.

          -  Cognitive deficit
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 27-year-old woman comes to the dermatology clinic with skin rash and oral ulcers.  The rashes are mildly itchy. The patient has no other medical conditions and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  On examination, there are pink papules symmetrically distributed over the anterior surfaces of the shins and ankles. There are some white ulcerated papules on her buccal mucosa. She is in relationship with her boyfriend and has only one sexual partner. Her boyfriend uses condoms. She smokes 1 to 2 cigarettes a day and drinks a beer daily. Biopsy reveals prominent hyperkeratosis with a thickened granular layer.  There is an infiltration of mononuclear cells in the superficial dermis that involves the overlying epidermis. The rete ridges have a sawtooth appearance.

Patient's own account: I went to the dermatologist because I had rashes on my skin and ulcers in my mouth. The rashes were not that itchy. I don't get it! I'm 27, I don't take medication, nor I don't have any other illnesses. My vitals were normal. My doc told me there were pink spots on the back of my throat. I'm heterosexual and have been only with my boyfriend and he uses condoms. I smoke 1 or 2 cigarettes a day and I drink a beer to accompany it. I had a biopsy and it showed some thick and grainy skin texture. The doc said it's an immune reaction.

Clinical trial: Treatment Modalities of Oral Lichen Planus

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        - 1. Histopathologically proven patients of OLP of all age groups complaining of symptoms
        such as pain, burning sensitivity to hot and spicy food.

        2. Who have signed informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        - 1. Patients who have taken any medication for OLP within 4 weeks before the start of
        study.

        2. Pregnant and lactating women. 3. History of lichenoid reactions to beta blockers,
        dapsone, oral hypoglycemics, NSAIDS, pencillamine, phenothiazines, sulfonylureas, gold
        salts or amalgam fillings.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a history of nosebleeds lasting for 1 hour. She has a history of heavy menses as well as occasional gum bleeding following dental procedures. Her mother also has a history of menorrhagia. Laboratory tests reveal increased bleeding time and slightly increased partial thromboplastin time. She has no other medical conditions and is otherwise healthy. Her coagulation study shows CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL. She is not smoking or using any kind of illicit drugs. She uses alcohol occasionally and is in ra elationship with her boyfriend for the past 2 years.

Patient's own account: I had to rush to the ER because of a non-stop nosebleed that had been on for 1 hour. As a 23-year-old, I always had heavy periods, and sometimes, my gums would bleed after going to the dentist or brushing my teeth. I thought that it was not very alarming since my mom also had heavy periods. I did some lab tests that showed that I had increased bleeding time and long clotting time. Otherwise, I'm pretty healthy, and I don't smoke or take any kind of drugs. I drink only at parties from time to time. I have been with my boyfriend for the last 2 years. I did a coagulation study and I got the following results: CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL.

Clinical trial: Use of suPAR Algorithm for the ED Decision Making

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  All patients above 18 years

          -  who are having blood taken for biochemical analysis when attending the ED

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Acute medical patients that do not have blood drawn for routine biochemical testing.

          -  Pregnant

          -  Under 18 years old

          -  Terminally ill patients.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 104 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Double Dummy, Parallel-Group Efficacy Study Comparing 8 Weeks of Treatment With Esomeprazole Magnesium (40mg qd) to Lansoprazole (30mg qd) for the Healing of Erosive Esophagitis in Patients With Moderate or Severe Erosive Esophagitis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Episodes of heartburn (described as a burning feeling, rising from the stomach or
             lower part of the chest up towards the neck) for 2 days or more during the last 7 days
             prior to baseline.

          -  Confirmed Erosive Esophagitis within 1 week prior to starting the study.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Any signs of gastrointestinal bleeding at the time of the starting the study.

          -  Any previous gastric or esophageal surgery.

          -  Various gastrointestinal diseases as listed in the protocol.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction