Patient case (clinical description): A 15-year-old boy with mild intellectual disability is brought to the office by his parents for a routine physical examination.  The boy is going to a school for students with learning disabilities.  The patient was adopted, and his immunizations are up to date.  Review of the patient's medical records is notable for cytogenetic studies that showed a small gap near the tip of the long arm of the X chromosome, which is consistent with fragile X syndrome, an X-linked disorder. The defect is an unstable expansion of trinucleotide repeats (CGG) in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene, located on the long arm of the X chromosome. He is not using any medications and vital signs are within normal levels. His blood chemistry analysis as bellow:
Blood Chemistry Value      Normal Range     Patient Value
Glucose                    90-120 mg/dl     95 mg/dl
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)  7-24 mg/dl       10 mg/dl
Creatinine                 0.7-1.4 mg/dl    0.8 mg/dl
Calcium                    8.5-10.5 mg/dl   9 mg/dl
Sodium                     134-143 mEq/L    135 mEq/L
Potassium                  3.5-4.5 mEq/L    3.7 mEq/L
Chloride                   95-108 mEq/L     98 mEq/L
CO2                        20-30 mEq/L      25 mEq/L
Blood pH                   7.38-7.42        7. 39

Patient's own account: My husband and I brought our 15-year-old son to the clinic for his routine exam. My son is going to school for special needs students. We adopted him a few years ago. His vaccinations are up to date. He already passed some chromosome testing and they found that he has a fragile X syndrome. The doctor told us that it comes from repeats in the fragile X chromosome. My son is not using any medication and his blood pressure temperature and breathing were normal during the exam. He also did a blood test. The results came back and showed that his blood sugar urea creatinine calcium sodium potassium chloride CO2 and blood pH were all within the normal range.

Clinical trial: Safety and Efficacy of BMMNCin Patients With Mental Retardation

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age limit: 5 -50

          -  Primary diagnosis of mental retardation (IQ < 70)

          -  willingness to undergo Autologous Bone Marrow derived Mono Nuclear Stem Cell (BMMNCs)
             transplantation.

          -  To give an informed consent as well as sign the required Informed Consent Form
             (ICF)/video Consent for the study.

          -  willingness to regularly visit the hospital / clinic for follow up during the follow
             up period / on prior agreed time points as per the protocol.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Positive test results for HIV and AIDS complex ,HCV (hepatitis C virus ), HbsAg and
             Syphilis

          -  Advanced age that may produce deteriorating cognitive or motor functioning

          -  Multiple sensory or motor disabilities that will interfere with seeing the stimuli and
             responding to the computer

          -  Poor general health
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 5 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment