Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: 3D Imaging of the Hip Using DXA

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  be female

          -  at least 5 years post menopausal but <85 years

          -  be sufficiently mobile to undergo DXA and QCT scanning

          -  be able and willing to participate in the study and provide written informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  bi-lateral hip replacement

          -  have hip replacement on the non-fractured side

          -  have any history of cancer within the past 5 years excluding skin cancer non melanomas

          -  have a history of ongoing conditions or diseases known to cause abnormalities of
             calcium metabolism or skeletal health (secondary osteoporosis)

          -  have a history of chronic renal disease (as defined by a creatinine clearance of ≤
             30ml/min)

          -  Acute or chronic hepatic disease

          -  Malabsorption syndromes

          -  Hyperthyroidism as manifested by TSH outside the lower limit of the normal range

          -  Hyperparathyroidism

          -  Hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia

          -  Osteomalacia

          -  Cushing's syndrome

          -  patients who are currently on glucocorticoid therapy

          -  have a history of any known condition that would interfere with the assessment of DXA
             or CT of hip

          -  have markedly abnormal clinical laboratory parameters that are assessed as clinically
             significant by the investigator

          -  have participated in another clinical trial involving active therapy 3 months prior to
             randomisation

          -  have a known confusional state or dementia as documented in hospital notes, or be
             unsuitable for approach in the opinion of the physician with duty of care
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment