Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old female has prolonged oral bleeding immediately after a tooth extraction.  Despite several interventions, the bleeding persists for hours and stops only after desmopressin (DDAVP) administration.  The patient has heavy menstrual cycles each month.  She has no other medical problems and takes no medications.  Her mother and grandmother have also had excessive bleeding during menstrual period.  Review of systems is positive for mild bruising on his legs. Laboratory findings reveal a normal platelet count and an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay, as well as CB <= 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C <= 0.40 IU/mL.

Patient's own account: I'm a 23 woman and I went to the ER because of non-stop bleeding after my tooth extraction. I tried to make the bleeding stop but it just kept going for hours and it finally stopped when I took some medication called DDAVP. I usually have heavy periods, just like my mom and grandma had. I don't have any other medical condition and I don't take any other medication. The doctor noticed the bruises on my legs. I had to do some lab tests. I had a normal platelet count but an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay. I had low CB and FVIII:C levels.

Clinical trial: Tranexamic Acid (TA) vs Combined Oral Contraceptive (COCP) Pilot Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Menstruating females with menorrhagia or menometrorrhagia referred to hematology or
             gynecology clinics at Texas Childrens Hospital. Menorrhagia is defined as regular
             periods with heavy menstrual bleeding with a PBAC score greater than 100;
             menometrorrhagia is heavy vaginal bleeding occurring at irregular intervals.

          2. PBAC Score greater than 100 for 2 consecutive cycles

          3. Pelvic ultrasound that excludes pelvic pathology that can cause menorrhagia within 12
             months prior to study participation.

          4. Normal external genitalia examination within 6 months prior to study participation.

          5. Normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the last 6 months prior to study
             participation.

          6. Negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 4 weeks prior to study participation.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Presence of intra uterine device.

          2. Presence of a diagnosed bleeding disorder based on the standard work-up including
             complete blood count (CBC), prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen,
             von Willebrand panel and platelet function analysis (PFA-100) or platelet aggregation.

          3. Intake of medications with increased risk of bleeding

          4. Taking herbal products.

          5. Sexually active status.

          6. Body weight less than 40 kg.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.

Subject must be at most 21 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Three-port and Single-port TEP Repair in Adults

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  primary or recurrent inguinal hernia

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  previous major lower abdominal surgery, patient refusal of randomization, or unable to
             accept general anesthesia
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Corona Mortis in Patients Undergoing TEP for Inguinal Hernia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosed primary or recurrence unilateral or bilateral inguinal hernia

          -  Age between 18 and 90;

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients who prefer other surgical approach than TEP
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 90 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Minimally Invasive Collis-Nissen for the Treatment of Short Esophagus

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Patients aged > 18 years with severe GERD symptoms and esophagitis associated with short
        esophagus

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Patients aged < 18 years Patients aged > 18 years with sliding hiatal hernia
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of dizziness.  She also has occasional nausea and ringing in her right ear.  The patient also has difficulty hearing while holding her phone to the left ear, although hearing in her right ear is normal.  The dizziness improves spontaneously, and she feels fine between episodes.  Past medical history is notable for hypothyroidism and low vit D level, for which she is using Levothyroxine and Vit D pearl.  She does not use tobacco or drink alcohol. Physical examination shows sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear. She has only one-man sexual partner and menopaused 2 years ago.

Patient's own account: The other day, I had to go to the clinic due to severe dizziness. I'm 47 years old, and I've been suffering from nausea and ringing in my right ear. I also have difficulty hearing in my left ear while I hold my phone, even if my hearing in my right ear is normal. The dizziness just gets me all of a sudden but I don't have any symptoms in between 2 episodes. I suffer from hypothyroidism and low vitamin D levels. So I take Levothyrox and vitamin D pearl. I don't smoke or drink. They conducted a physical exam and said I had hearing loss in my left ear. My only partner is my husband, and I'm menopause for 2 years now.

Clinical trial: Transtympanic Gentamicin vs. Steroids in Refractory Meniere's Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with unilateral Ménière's disease (definite or probable, according to
             Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines, 1995) with hearing loss and
             presenting with recurrent vertigo, not responding to medical treatment for at least 6
             months will be included. There should be normal, age appropriate hearing in the
             contralateral ear.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with Ménière's disease in later stages (not having vertigo attacks).

          -  Age: patients older than 70 years at the start of the trial.

          -  Severe disability (e.g. neurological, orthopaedic, cardiovascular) or serious
             concurrent illness that might interfere with treatment or follow up.

          -  Active additional neuro-otological disorders that may mimic Ménière's disease (e.g.
             vestibular migraine, vertebro-basilar TIAs, acoustic neuroma) and thus will make the
             objective follow up difficult.

          -  Concurrent ear pathology that may interfere with transtympanic treatment (e.g. active
             middle ear disease).

          -  Family history of unexplained deafness (possibility of genetic susceptibility to
             gentamicin toxicity).

          -  History of known adverse/allergic reaction to steroids or gentamicin.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Autologous Platelet-rich Plasma for Clomiphene Citrate-induced Thin Endometrium

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Women with clomiphene citrate failure (defined as at least previous 3 ovulatory cycles
             with clomiphene citrate, with no pregnancy),

          -  persistently thin endometrium (less than 7 millimeters in at least 3 cycles).

          -  normal baseline Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, and free
             testosterone levels, patent tubes by hysterosalpingography, and satisfactory male
             semen analysis

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  previous ovarian surgery;

          -  endocrine disorders ;

          -  pelvic pathologies;

          -  chronic hepatic, cardiovascular, or renal disease;

          -  other factors of infertility and

          -  use of gonadotropins or hormonal contraception through the latest 6 months.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 35 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 51-year-old man comes to the office complaining of fatigue and some sexual problems including lack of libido. The patient doesn't smoke or use any illicit drug.  Blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg and pulse is 70/min.  Oxygen saturation is 99% on room air.  BMI is 24 kg/m2.  Skin examination shows increased pigmentation. Genotype testing is consistent with homozygosity for the C282Y mutation. Laboratory study shows transferrin saturation of 55% and serum ferritin of 550 μg/L. He is diagnosed as a case of hemochromatosis.

Patient's own account: I am 51 years old and I just came back from the doctor's office. I'm sick and tired of being that exhausted, reaching the point where me and my lovely wife are not touching each other anymore! I'm not smoking or doing drugs! My blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg, and pulse was 70/min and my oxygen saturation 99%. My BMI is 24. My skin also turned a bit darker lately. He tested my genes and told me that I have a mutation of the C282Y gene. I also did lab tests where my transferrin saturation was 55% and serum ferritin was 550  μg/L. The doctor diagnosed me with iron overload.

Clinical trial: Iron Status and Human Metabolism

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study

          -  Men and women aged 18 years or older and generally in good health

          -  For iron-deficient volunteers: ferritin ≤ 15 microg/L and transferrin saturation < 16%

          -  For iron-replete volunteers: ferritin ≥ 20 microg/L and transferrin saturation ≥ 20%

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Haemoglobin < 8.0 g/dL

          -  Haemoglobinopathy

          -  Iron overload, defined as ferritin > 300 microg/L

          -  Hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 94%) or significant co-morbidity that may affect haematinics,
             metabolic or ventilatory responses

          -  Iron supplementation or blood transfusion within the previous 6 weeks

          -  Pregnancy or breast feeding

          -  Inability to exercise isolated calf muscle using a pedal or on a bicycle ergometer

          -  Contraindication to magnetic resonance spectroscopy exposure such as metallic implant

          -  Contraindication to receiving intravenous ferric carboxymaltose
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of an acute vision disturbance. He had an episode of vision disturbance in the right eye that occurred suddenly and resolved spontaneously in 15 minutes. He also has right jaw pain while chewing.  He also complains of fatigue and hip muscle aches over the last several months.  The patient has a history of mild hyperlipidemia that has been controlled by diet and lifestyle modifications.  On examination, his blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg and pulse is 66/min.  Neurological examination is unremarkable.  Visual examination is also normal. ESR is 103 mm/h. Temporal artery biopsy shows multinuclear giant cells and internal elastic membrane fragmentation.

Patient's own account: I’m a 61-year-old man and I came to the ER because I had a sudden episode where I couldn’t see out of my right eye. It only lasted about 15 minutes and went away on its own but it really scared me. I’ve also been having pain in my right jaw when I chew. For the past few months I’ve felt really tired and noticed my hips ache a lot. I have a history of mild cholesterol issues but I’ve been managing that with my diet and lifestyle. When the doctors checked me my blood pressure and pulse were normal and my vision and neurological exams didn’t show anything wrong. However they ran some tests and said my ESR levels were very high and a biopsy of my temporal artery showed some inflammation and damage.

Clinical trial: Aetiology of TemporaL Arteritis Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. 18 years of age or over

          2. A clinical suspicion of a new diagnosis of GCA e.g. patients with a new onset of
             headache, scalp tenderness, with or without elevated CRP or ESR, jaw or tongue
             claudication with or without visual loss

          3. Participants must be willing to give informed written consent or willing to give
             permission for a nominated friend or relative to provide written informed assent if
             they are unable to do so because of physical disabilities e.g. sudden onset of
             blindness/vision loss which can be caused by GCA (this will be made clear in the
             ethics approval application)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Previous diagnosis of GCA

          2. Long term (>1 month) high dose (>20mg per day at any time) steroids for conditions
             other than PMR, within three months prior to study entry

          3. Inability to give informed consent (either written consent or verbal assent from a
             relative or carer)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: A Study of Lidocaine Pertubation as a Treatment for Unexplained Infertility

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Females with, unexplained infertility, 20-38 years of age. Normal menstrual cycle length of
        26-35 days, male partner 20-70 years of age, Duration of infertility should have lasted
        more than one year and subject should have signed informed consent.

        Couples must fulfil all laboratory tests for inclusion, negative HIV-1, HCV, HBV, CMV
        virology, chlamydia and syphilis. For female also negative toxoplasmosis, rubella and
        hormonal screen within normal range. Furthermore patent fallopian tubes should be confirmed
        by ultrasound hysterosalpingography and males should present a normal semen analysis

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Continuous treatment with NSAID, corticosteroids or other drugs, which can cause an
        increased risk of infection, clinical signs of PID, known hypersensitivity to local
        anaesthetics, non-patent fallopian tubes, abnormal uterine cavity, submucous myoma > 2 cm
        in diameter, any disease or laboratory finding considered of importance by the investigator
        not to include the patient, laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis of greater severity
        than mild, endometriosis of any severity with adhesions. More than 2 previous inseminations
        or previous unsuccessful IVF treatment.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 38 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 27-year-old woman comes to the dermatology clinic with skin rash and oral ulcers.  The rashes are mildly itchy. The patient has no other medical conditions and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  On examination, there are pink papules symmetrically distributed over the anterior surfaces of the shins and ankles. There are some white ulcerated papules on her buccal mucosa. She is in relationship with her boyfriend and has only one sexual partner. Her boyfriend uses condoms. She smokes 1 to 2 cigarettes a day and drinks a beer daily. Biopsy reveals prominent hyperkeratosis with a thickened granular layer.  There is an infiltration of mononuclear cells in the superficial dermis that involves the overlying epidermis. The rete ridges have a sawtooth appearance.

Patient's own account: I went to the dermatologist because I had rashes on my skin and ulcers in my mouth. The rashes were not that itchy. I don't get it! I'm 27, I don't take medication, nor I don't have any other illnesses. My vitals were normal. My doc told me there were pink spots on the back of my throat. I'm heterosexual and have been only with my boyfriend and he uses condoms. I smoke 1 or 2 cigarettes a day and I drink a beer to accompany it. I had a biopsy and it showed some thick and grainy skin texture. The doc said it's an immune reaction.

Clinical trial: When Asking the Indication of a Skin Biopsy From a Patient With a Leg Ulcer in Primary Care?

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  The last 100 consecutive skin biopsies performed in patients carriers of chronic leg
             ulcers, hospitalized in the vascular medicine department of the Hospital Saint Joseph
             Paris

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  No exclusion criteria
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction