Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: A Comparison of Two Self-management Programmes for Patients With Back Pain

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  : patients with back pain who have been referred to the North of England regional back
             pain service who consent to take part in the study

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Exclusion criteria are patients with red flag indicators where immediate referral to
             secondary is indicated (NICE 2016). In addition children less than 18 years and,
             people who do not speak English and people with reduced mental capacity will be
             excluded
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: IUI Schedule in Cases of High Progesterone

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Body mass index (BMI) 18-30 kg / m2

          -  Patent tubes

          -  Regular cycles (26-35 days)

          -  FSH levels on day 3 of cycle (<10 mIU / ml)

          -  Estradiol levels on day 3 of cycle (<60 pg / ml)

          -  Progesterone levels the day of hCG (> 1 ng / ml)

          -  Semen donors belonging to the bank of IVI

        Exclusion criteria

          -  Patients with ≥3 follicles of over 16 mm diameter

          -  No dominant follicle after two consecutive ultrasound

          -  Women with P <1 ng / ml on the day of hCG
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: A Study Comparing Viscosupplementation and Corticosteroid Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinical

               -  19-75 years of age (inclusive)

               -  Symptomatic OA (1 of the following: pain, stiffness, or swelling)

               -  Evidence of grade I, II or III OA on radiographic images according to
                  Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinical

               -  Previous surgery on either knee (not including a diagnostic arthroscopy
                  arthroscopy or simple partial meniscectomy)

               -  Intra-articular treatment within the last 3 months

               -  Ipsilateral cruciate or collateral ligament injury within past 3 months, or
                  evidence of ligament laxity

               -  Inflamed knee or pronounced effusion

               -  Allergy to birds, eggs, avian proteins or known HA or corticosteroid

               -  Venous or lymphatic stasis

               -  Skin condition in the injection area

               -  Evidence of infection in the affected joint

               -  History of crystalline arthropathy or inflammatory arthritis

               -  Pregnant or nursing

               -  Third Party, Medical Legal or Workers' Compensation Board

               -  Patient unable to understand English or unable to providing informed consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 19 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a history of nosebleeds lasting for 1 hour. She has a history of heavy menses as well as occasional gum bleeding following dental procedures. Her mother also has a history of menorrhagia. Laboratory tests reveal increased bleeding time and slightly increased partial thromboplastin time. She has no other medical conditions and is otherwise healthy. Her coagulation study shows CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL. She is not smoking or using any kind of illicit drugs. She uses alcohol occasionally and is in ra elationship with her boyfriend for the past 2 years.

Patient's own account: I had to rush to the ER because of a non-stop nosebleed that had been on for 1 hour. As a 23-year-old, I always had heavy periods, and sometimes, my gums would bleed after going to the dentist or brushing my teeth. I thought that it was not very alarming since my mom also had heavy periods. I did some lab tests that showed that I had increased bleeding time and long clotting time. Otherwise, I'm pretty healthy, and I don't smoke or take any kind of drugs. I drink only at parties from time to time. I have been with my boyfriend for the last 2 years. I did a coagulation study and I got the following results: CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL.

Clinical trial: the Observance of Emergency Exit Treatments During the Stay of Care at the Exit of Reims Emergencies

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  adults

          -  consultation during the early stages of care

          -  leaving after consultation

          -  agrees to participate in the study

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  minor patients

          -  permanently off care

          -  hospitalized patients

          -  refusal to participate in the study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Effect of Suture for Mesh Fixation in Lichtenstein Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Healthy males 18-80 years

          -  Primary inguinal unilateral hernia

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Recurrent hernia

          -  Bilateral, scrotal or femoral hernia

          -  BMI above 35
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Objective Measure of Recovery After Outpatient Surgery

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients presenting for outpatient inguinal hernia repair without significant medical
             comorbidities

          -  Patients who consent to participating and willing to wear device for designated time
             period per protocol

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  History of chronic opioid use

          -  Inability to speak English

          -  Inability to give informed consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Round Spermatid Injection Protocol

Eligibility criteria:
Major Inclusion Criteria: The following are major inclusion criteria:

          1. A diagnosis of azoospermia after semen analysis.

          2. Indication to proceed with testicular sperm extraction (TESE or microTESE) based on a
             urologic evaluation.

          3. Presence of round spermatids from testicular sperm extraction (TESE or microTESE),
             irrespective of the presence or absence of mature spermatozoa.

        Major Exclusion Criteria (must not meet any): The following are exclusion criteria:

          1. Under 18 years old

          2. All patients who do not voluntarily give their written consent for participation.

          3. Men who do not wish to use their gametes (round spermatids) for fertilization of donor
             oocytes for research purposes.
Male

Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old girl comes to the clinic due to a left wrist mass.  She noticed swelling on the top of her wrist about 4 months ago and came to the clinic due to cosmetic concerns.  Examination shows a nontender, rounded mass on the dorsal wrist that transilluminates with a penlight. Vital signs are normal. The patient needs to type on her computer almost all day. She is left-handed. She does not smoke or use illicit drugs. She is in sexual relationship with two male partners and uses condoms.

Patient's own account: I'm a 19-year-old girl and I went to see my doctor because of a mass on my left wrist. I noticed a swelling on top of my wrist, like 4 months ago, and I went the first time to the doctor because it was pretty ugly! My wrist was not tender, and the mass was round and let the light go through when the doctor used a penlight. My blood pressure, breathing and temperature were normal. I'm left-handed and I need to be on my PC all day. I don't smoke or do drugs. I'm sexually active and I have 2 male partners but they all use condoms.

Clinical trial: Evaluation of the Acute Effect of Water-Pipe Smoking on the Respiratory System

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age > 18 Y.O.

          -  Have smoked Water-pipe at least once before.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Breast feeding Women.

          -  S/P Bacterial Or Viral infection, Last 2 weeks

          -  P.O. Steroids

          -  Water-pipe smoking, last 24 hours

          -  Cigarette smoking, last 6 hours

          -  Intensive exposure to smoke (fire), last 24 hours

          -  S/P Intensive Care Hospitalization, last 3 months
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Sleep Intervention in Young Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Parents/caregivers of youth between ages 6 and 17 with a primary diagnosis of Duchenne
             muscular dystrophy (DMD) who lives at home .

          -  Access to a smart-phone or computer and internet for the weekly web-based sessions, as
             well as uploading of the Actigraph data;

          -  English speaking.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Unable to speak or read English

          -  Their child with DMD has cognitive or behavioral concerns that would limit
             participation and follow-through of intervention;

          -  Their child/youth with DMD is currently receiving an intervention for a sleep related
             disorder
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 6 Years old.
Subject must be at most 18 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the office due to weight gain and fatigue.  He is not able to lift heavy objects or climb stairs. Family history is positive for DM type 2 and HTN in his father.  Blood pressure is 165/90 mm Hg and pulse is 85/min.  On physical examination, there is symmetric proximal muscle weakness of the upper and lower extremities.  Fasting plasma glucose level is 138 mg/dL and 24-hour urinary cortisol is twice the upper normal limit.  Further evaluation reveals that high-dose, but not low-dose, dexamethasone suppresses serum cortisol levels.  Serum ACTH levels are high-normal. This patient's findings are consistent with endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old man. I went to the clinic because I had been gaining weight and had increased fatigue over the past few weeks. I was not able to lift heavy objects or even climb the stairs. My dad was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. During the exam, they took my blood pressure, which was 165/90 mm Hg, and my pulse was 85/min. They found out that I have weaknesses in both of my arms and legs. I also did a blood test on an empty stomach, and I had a glucose level of 138 mg/dL, and twice the upper normal limit of cortisol. I had high-normal levels of ACTH. The doctor said I suffer from endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Clinical trial: Study of Efficacy and Safety of Osilodrostat in Cushing's Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with confirmed Cushing's syndrome [i.e. ectopic corticotropin syndrome,
             adrenal adenoma, adrenal carcinoma, ACTH-Independent Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia
             (AIMAH), or Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenal Dysplasia (PPNAD)]

          -  For patients on medical treatment for hypercortisolism due to Cushing's syndrome, the
             washout periods had to be completed prior to baseline efficacy assessments

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with Cushing's disease

          -  History of hypersensitivity to osilodrostat or to drugs of similar chemical classes

          -  History of malignancy of any organ system, treated or untreated, within the past 5
             years

          -  Patients receiving treatment for within 4 weeks or ≤5 x half-life of the agent
             (whichever is longer) before first dose of osilodrostat

          -  Patients with risk factors for QTc prolongation or Torsade de Pointes
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Comparison of TAP (Transversus Abdominis Plane) and Ilioinguinal/Iliohypogastric Nerve Block for Analgesia of Open Inguinal Herniorrhaphy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients undergoing elective primary unilateral open tension-free mesh inguinal hernia
             repair

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Inability to consent to the study

          -  BMI more than 40

          -  Skin infection near injection site

          -  Chronic hepatic or renal failure

          -  Peripheral neuropathy

          -  Proven opioid dependency

          -  Coagulopathy

          -  Thrombocytopenia

          -  Dementia

          -  Lack of orientation

          -  Impossibility to understand VAS

          -  Patients suffering from chronic pain
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction