Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of arthralgias and nodules on her legs.  She has no fever or other skin rashes. The prior medical condition is unremarkable, and she takes no medications.  On physical examination, there is moderate hepatomegaly. The lesions on her legs are tender and present predominantly on the anterior surface of the lower extremities. She doesn't smoke and drinks alcohol occasionally. The patient has 2 male sexual partners. Vital signs are normal. Chest x-ray demonstrates enlarged hilar lymph nodes, and laboratory testing reveals an elevated ACE level. Biopsy of the skin lesion shows noncaseating granulomas that stain negative for fungi & acid-fast bacilli.

Patient's own account: I'm just a 39-year-old young woman but lately I have noticed some underlying cysts on my legs and my joints were hurting so much. I don't have a fever. I don't have rashes. My medical history is totally clean and I don't take any medication. When I went to the clinic they did a physical examination where they found that my liver is enlarged. They also found that the lesions on my legs are kind of tender and they are located on the front side of my legs. I do not smoke and I drink alcohol occasionally. I have to male sexual partners. On the day of my visit my vitals were fine. I did an X-ray of my chest and I had swollen lymph nodes. I also has a blood test and it came back with a high ACE level. I also had a biopsy of my skin lesions that came back negative for fungi and AFB.

Clinical trial: Trial for the Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with suspected pulmonary sarcoidosis stage I/ II

          -  Age > 18 years

          -  Both males and females

          -  Written informed consent is obtained.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with obvious other organ involvement of sarcoidosis where a simple diagnostic
             biopsy to assess granulomas can be performed.

          -  Löfgren's syndrome

          -  Inability to undergo fiberbronchoscopy, EBUS or EUS (e.g. respiratory insufficiency,
             esophageal stenosis

          -  Contraindications for a lung or nodal biopsy (e.g. coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia)

          -  Pregnancy

          -  Inability to obtain informed consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a history of nosebleeds lasting for 1 hour. She has a history of heavy menses as well as occasional gum bleeding following dental procedures. Her mother also has a history of menorrhagia. Laboratory tests reveal increased bleeding time and slightly increased partial thromboplastin time. She has no other medical conditions and is otherwise healthy. Her coagulation study shows CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL. She is not smoking or using any kind of illicit drugs. She uses alcohol occasionally and is in ra elationship with her boyfriend for the past 2 years.

Patient's own account: I had to rush to the ER because of a non-stop nosebleed that had been on for 1 hour. As a 23-year-old, I always had heavy periods, and sometimes, my gums would bleed after going to the dentist or brushing my teeth. I thought that it was not very alarming since my mom also had heavy periods. I did some lab tests that showed that I had increased bleeding time and long clotting time. Otherwise, I'm pretty healthy, and I don't smoke or take any kind of drugs. I drink only at parties from time to time. I have been with my boyfriend for the last 2 years. I did a coagulation study and I got the following results: CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL.

Clinical trial: ED Overcrowding Validation Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  all adult patients visiting the emergency department or urgent care clinic at any one
             of the six participating sites during the allocated one month time period

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  those who do not meet inclusion criteria
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 100 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Intervention Study of Drugs in Patients Osteopenia and Osteoporosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Informed consent obtained before any trial-related activities

          -  Postmenopausal women and male aged 50 years or old

          -  Osteoporosis by DXA or fragility fracture history

          -  Osteopenia with more than one osteoporotic risk factors

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Secondary osteoporosis

          -  Renal insufficiency (Ccr< 35ml/min)

          -  New fractures < 3 months, prior bilateral hip fractures or surgical replacement.

          -  Other medication contraindications

          -  Malignant tumors

          -  Mobility-impaired individuals
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 27-year-old woman comes to the dermatology clinic with skin rash and oral ulcers.  The rashes are mildly itchy. The patient has no other medical conditions and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  On examination, there are pink papules symmetrically distributed over the anterior surfaces of the shins and ankles. There are some white ulcerated papules on her buccal mucosa. She is in relationship with her boyfriend and has only one sexual partner. Her boyfriend uses condoms. She smokes 1 to 2 cigarettes a day and drinks a beer daily. Biopsy reveals prominent hyperkeratosis with a thickened granular layer.  There is an infiltration of mononuclear cells in the superficial dermis that involves the overlying epidermis. The rete ridges have a sawtooth appearance.

Patient's own account: I went to the dermatologist because I had rashes on my skin and ulcers in my mouth. The rashes were not that itchy. I don't get it! I'm 27, I don't take medication, nor I don't have any other illnesses. My vitals were normal. My doc told me there were pink spots on the back of my throat. I'm heterosexual and have been only with my boyfriend and he uses condoms. I smoke 1 or 2 cigarettes a day and I drink a beer to accompany it. I had a biopsy and it showed some thick and grainy skin texture. The doc said it's an immune reaction.

Clinical trial: The Clinical and Biological Effects Of The Use Of Probiotic VSL#3 In Patients With Oral Lichen Planus

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Biopsy-proven diagnosis of OLP as per WHO histological criteria* with no evidence of
             epithelial dysplasia or malignancy.

          2. Presence of painful oral symptoms associated to OLP, with minimum severity of pain
             being 3 or more, on a 0-10 numeric pain rating scale at screening and confirmed at
             recruitment/start of the intervention.

          3. Age >18 years and willing to participate into the study.

          4. Receiving no therapy or receiving best standard topical therapy (typically topical
             corticosteroids or immunosuppressant) with the exclusion of systemic corticosteroids
             or systemic immunosuppressant

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Use of systemic antibiotics, retinoid, corticosteroids or immunosuppressant.

          2. Pregnancy or receiving IVF treatment.

          3. Individuals with systemic disorders affecting the immune system (e.g., HIV, connective
             tissue disorders, cancer, etc.)

          4. Evidence of oral dysplasia or malignancy on previous biopsy. -
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Relation Between Blood Concentration of Colchicine and Response to Colchicine Treatment in Gout Flare

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Patients (> 18 years old) with gout flare defined by following items :

          -  Identification of sodium urate crystals in synovial fluid analysis

          -  Or gout flare diagnosis according to Nijmegen criteria (score > 8/13)

               -  Man (2 pts)

               -  History of flare (2 pts)

               -  Flare involving first metatarsophalangeal joint (2.5 pts)

               -  Maximum of flare within 24h (0.5pt),

               -  Redness (1 pt),

               -  History of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases (1.5 pts),

               -  Serum urate level > 360 µmol/l during flare (3.5 pts)

          -  Duration of flare < 48 h

          -  Monoarticular involvement

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Hypersensitivity to colchicine, fexofenadine, benzodiazepine or the excipients of
             these drugs

          -  Contra-indication to colchicine : chronic kidney disease stage 4-5, severe hepatic
             impairment, treatment by macrolide antibiotics

          -  Used of pain-killers other than acetaminophen

          -  Involvement in another clinical trial with drug administration

          -  Illiteracy

          -  Pregnant woman or breastfeeding
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Microbiome Analysis in Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and in Gastric Cancer and Subtypes Correlation

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia and/or gastric cancer

          -  Healthy controls

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Metabolic syndrome and its components

          -  IBD

          -  Autoimmune diseases

          -  Otherwise tumours
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 3-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her parents for assessment of her short stature. Physical examination reveals short limbs and a relatively large head. She has a flat nasal bridge and a small midface. The girl's father exhibits similar physical features; however, her mother looks normal. The genetic testing reveals an autosomal dominant point mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene consistent with achondroplasia in both father and the child. The girl has not received any treatment yet, and it is her first visit after immigration to the US. The other mental and developmental examinations are unremarkable.

Patient's own account: I just brought my little 3-year-old girl to the clinic to have her checked up by the doctor. I was worried sick because she was smaller than her classmates. The lovely doctor performed a physical exam and she told me that she has short limbs and a larger head. My girl also has a flat nasal bridge and a small midface. My baby just has the face of her father, unlike me! They performed some genetic testing on my child and my husband and found out that both my husband and her have a mutation of the FGFR3 gene, which led the doctor to diagnose them with dwarfism. My baby never received any treatment and it was our first visit to the doctor since we arrived in the US. The other tests regarding her mental and physical development were perfectly fine.

Clinical trial: Achondroplasia Natural History Multicenter Clinical Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Molecular or clinical diagnosis of achondroplasia (as confirmed by physical exam
             and/or radiograph review by the PI, one of the co-PIs or other qualified clinical
             geneticists)

          -  Subjects must have been seen for a clinical genetics visit at Johns Hopkins, Alfred I.
             DuPont Hospital for Children, University of Wisconsin-Madison or University of Texas

          -  Subjects may be active clinical patients at the above sites or no longer treated at a
             given site but with sufficient retrospective clinical data for extraction as
             determined by the PI or co-PIs

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Skeletal dysplasia diagnosis other than heterozygous

          -  Achondroplasia

          -  There is no medical complication or condition which excludes a patient with
             achondroplasia
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Description of the Uterine Cavity in Patients With Recurrent Miscarriages

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Correctly diagnosed with recurrent miscarriages

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Known course of the condition
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 7-month-old boy is brought to emergency by his parents due to irritability and inability to defecate for the past 3 days.  The patient has had constipation and discomfort with bowel movements since birth.  His symptoms worsened after eating semi-solid foods.  Vital signs are normal.  Abdominal examination shows distension and tenderness to palpation with presence of bowel sounds.  Xray with barium shows a narrow rectum and rectosigmoid area.  The rest of the colon proximal to this segment is dilated. Digital rectal exam revealed burst of feces out of the anus. The biopsy showed absence of submucosal ganglia in the last segment of the large intestine.

Patient's own account: My baby boy just turned 7 months old but my wife and I cannot get a hold of him! He has not been able to poop for 3 days! My poor little thing has been having constipation and bowel problems since birth. But since he ate some semi-solid food it has just been worse! The doctor said his vitals are normal but his belly is tense and tender with his bowels making noise. They did an X-ray and found out that he had a narrow rectum. His colon is dilated. They also performed a touch rectal exam and he could finally poop! The biopsy revealed that there is no submucosal ganglia in his large intestine.

Clinical trial: Botulinum Toxin Injection Versus Anal Myectomy in Management of Idiopathic Constipation

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Children with Idiopathic constipation

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Hirschsprung's disease or Anorectal malformations
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 2 Years old.
Subject must be at most 12 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        The study was conducted in children attending 5th and 6th grade in all 20 public schools of
        the Municipality of Puente Alto, Santiago, Chile. All students were invited to participate
        in the study. Parents or their representatives signed an informed consent form and
        boys/girls an informed acceptance form.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Subjects not signing the informed consent or acceptance forms were excluded from the study.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 10 Years old.
Subject must be at most 15 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction