Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Capecitabine Versus S-1 in Elderly Advanced Gastric Cancer (AGC): Randomized Trial

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Pathologically proven gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma

          -  Metastatic or recurrent unresectable disease

          -  Measurable lesions (according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors
             [RECIST])

          -  Age: 65-85 years old

          -  Performance status: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2

          -  Adequate bone marrow function: absolute neutrophile counts(ANC) ≥ 1,500/ul, platelet
             count ≥ 100,000/ul, hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dl)

          -  Adequate renal function (serum creatinine≤ 1.5)

          -  Adequate liver function (serum bilirubin ≤ 2 x upper limits of normal [UNL], aspartate
             aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 3 x UNL)

          -  No prior chemotherapy (but adjuvant chemotherapy completed at least 1 year prior to
             study treatment is allowed with the exception of capecitabine or S-1) Written informed
             consent was signed by the patient

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Previous palliative chemotherapy

          -  Known allergy to study drugs

          -  CNS metastasis

          -  Significant medical comorbidities

          -  Active ongoing infection which antibiotic treatment is needed.

          -  Previous ( within 5 years) history of other malignancy except cured non-malignant skin
             cancer and uterine cervical cancer in situ.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 65 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: Development Cellular Models of the Ear and Nose to Study the Mechanisms of Hearing

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Hearing loss Presbycusis Exostosis

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Genetic hearing loss
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Local Anesthetic Infiltration VS Trasversalis Fascia Block VS Spinal Anesthesia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  age> 18 years;

          -  ASA score I - II - III;

          -  patients undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair;

          -  signed informed consent;

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  chronic therapy with opioids/ antidepressants;

          -  urgent/emergent surgery;

          -  postoperative transfer to the intensive care unit;

          -  known allergy to any drug medication;

          -  local skin infection;

          -  epilepsy;

          -  alcohol or drug abuse;
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment of Severe Alzheimer's Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Meet the diagnosis criteria of AD formulated by the National Institute of Neurological
             and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related
             Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA);

          -  MMSE score 0-10 points;

          -  Age 40-80 years;

          -  Provision of signed informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Abnormal brain structure prior to surgery (tumor, cerebral infarction, intracranial
             hematoma)

          -  Complicated by other neurological system disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and
             epilepsy;

          -  Psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression or drug-induced psychosis;

          -  Severe internal diseases, are taking respiratory system drugs, cardiovascular drugs,
             anticonvulsants or psychotropic drugs;

          -  Inability to tolerance clinical complications;

          -  Severe auditory and visual disorders.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: The Turkish Feeding/Swallowing Impact Survey

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Having a child with swallowing disorders aged between 6 months-18 years

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Having a child without swallowing disorders

          -  Having a child with swallowing disorders aged below 6 months
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of hand tremor that started few months ago.  It is most bothering when he wants to drink from a glass or pour from a bottle. He does not smoke, but drinks occasionally. He recently started consuming more alcohol as his tremor subsides somewhat when he drinks small amounts of alcohol.  Family history is significant for similar problems in his mother.  Vital signs are normal and the patient has no other medical conditions.  Neurologic examination shows bilateral tremor in the upper extremities. The diagnosis of essential tremor is confirmed.

Patient's own account: I'm only a 60 years old man but I already suffer from shaky hands. It started a few months ago, and it really bothers me when I want to pour myself a glass or even while drinking. I don't smoke, but I drink alcohol from time to time. To be honest, I've been drinking a little more lately since it helps me with the shaking. My mom had the same issue when she was my age. The doctor took my vitals, and they were normal. I don't have any other medical issues. I underwent neurological exams and it showed that I’m shaky from both sides. The doctor diagnosed me with essential tremor.

Clinical trial: 1-Octanol to Treat Essential Tremor

Eligibility criteria:
Patients with essential tremor affecting the upper limbs who are 21 years of age or older.

        Patients who are not taking medications for essential tremor or any other medical condition
        for at least 2 weeks.

        Patients who have not consumed alcohol or cold medications containing alcohol for at least
        24 hours prior to the day of the study.

        Women must not be pregnant or lactating. Women of childbearing age must use birth control
        while participating in this study.

        Patients must not have any neurological disease other than tremor (e.g., Parkinson's
        disease).

        Patients must not have evidence of thyroid, liver, kidney or chronic lung disease.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: The Effects of Bariatric Surgery Weight Loss on Knee Pain in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  To be included in the study, patients must be between the 18 and 70 years of age

          -  Completed a pre-surgery psychological evaluation, and have had intermittent knee pain
             for at least a year.

          -  The bariatric surgery requirement involves a bypass of the stomach.

          -  Standard of care guidelines for this surgery require that these patients' previous
             dieting attempts were without success

          -  Medical problems related to obesity, such as diabetes, sleep apnea, hypoventilation,
             and joint pain.

          -  Patients will have a WOMAC pain scale score > 3, according to the study by Miller, et
             al.

          -  Patients will have a standing AP, lateral and Merchant radiographic scan taken to
             confirm that they have OA.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients will be ineligible for the study if any of these criteria are not met.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the clinic for the follow up of his neuromuscular disease. He experienced gradual, progressive weakness of the left upper extremity over the last year.  Over the last few months, he has also noticed weakness in the right upper extremity.  BP is 120/75, PR is 80 and temperature is 37 C. Reflexes are brisk in the upper extremities, and the plantar responses are extensor.  Mild gait ataxia is present. The patient is under treatment of Riluzole 50 mg BID with the diagnosis of ALS.

Patient's own account: I've been suffering from a neuromuscular disease for a while now, and I went to my doctor's office. I'm now a 47-year-old man and over the past year I experienced a progressive and gradual weakness of my left upper extremity, and over the past month, I also noticed a weakness over my right upper extremity. My heart rate was 120/75, and my  PR was 80 with 37°C for temperature. My reflexes are not good in my upper extremities, and I have trouble with my balance. I'm also under Exservan 50 mg for my sclerosis.

Clinical trial: Virtual Task in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  individuals diagnosed with ALS defined according to the revised classification of El
             Escorial;

          -  individuals who regularly attended the Neuromuscular Disease Research Sector (SIDNM)
             of the Federal University of São Paulo

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  individuals who had other diagnosis of neuromuscular disease such as: progressive
             muscular atrophy (PMA), progressive bulbar paralysis (PBP), primary lateral sclerosis
             (PLS);

          -  individuals associated with other neurodegenerative diseases;

          -  those presenting established functional disability that would prevent the completion
             of the task.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Growth Retardation In Children With Special Pathological Conditions Or Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Bone age < 13 years for a boy and < 11 years for a girl

          -  Naive child: Measured Height < -2.5 SD for CA

          -  Child currently treated by GH

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Idiopathic short stature

          -  Syndrome known to be associated with an increased risk of cancer e.g. family history
             of adenomatous polyposis
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 11 Years old.
Subject must be at most 13 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Diaphragmatic Myofascial Release in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with the diagnostic of GERD

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  hiatal hernia >2 cm

          -  previous operation at the LES

          -  actual erosive esophagitis

          -  Congenital or acquired immune disorders.

          -  Allergic status of any kind.

          -  Systemic diseases (rheumatic, infectious conditions, febrile state, vascular
             alterations, endocrine including diabetes, metabolic and neoplastic).

          -  Leukemia.

          -  Severe psychiatric disorders.

          -  Neuromuscular or neurological injuries.

          -  Aneurysms.

          -  Abdominal or spine surgery.

          -  Vertebral fractures.

          -  Osteoporosis (advanced stage).

          -  Acute lesions of soft tissues or in an inflammatory state.

          -  Open wounds.

          -  Pregnancy.

          -  Intrauterine device.

          -  Patients with corticosteroid therapy.

          -  Hemophilia or treatment with anticoagulant therapy.

          -  Hypersensitivity of the skin or dermatological diseases in the trunk that
             impossibilities the application of the techniques.

          -  Rejection of manual contact.

          -  Non-Spanish speaking patients.

          -  Patients who have previously received some treatment of myofascial release.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction