Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Malignant Pleural Disease Treated With Autologous T Cells Genetically Engineered to Target the Cancer-Cell Surface Antigen Mesothelin

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with MPD aged ≥18 years

          -  Karnofsky performance status ≥70%

          -  Patients with malignant pleural disease (MPD), pathologically confirmed at MSKCC
             (radiographic confirmation is acceptable for screening phase eligibility), and defined
             as one of the following (patients who have not yet received treatment may enroll in
             the screening portion only):

               1. Malignant pleural mesothelioma - previously treated with at least one prior
                  treatment regimen.

               2. Non-small cell lung cancer metastatic to the pleura-previously treated with at
                  least one prior treatment regimen (chemotherapy or targeted agent) and documented
                  progression of disease. Patients with disease outside of the pleura will be
                  discussed among study PI and Co-PIs prior to considered eligible for the study.
                  Disease outside of the pleura must not require any immediate therapy per PI's
                  discretion.

               3. Breast cancer metastatic to the pleura- previously treated with at least one
                  prior treatment regimen (chemotherapy or targeted agent) and documented
                  progression of disease. Patients with disease outside of the pleura will be
                  discussed among study PI and Co-PIs prior to be considered eligible for the
                  study. Disease outside of the pleura must not require any immediate therapy per
                  PI's discretion.

          -  Only patients with a diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma will be included in
             cohort 9 and in the Phase II portion of the study

          -  Expression of mesothelin must be confirmed by meeting one of the following criteria.

               1. Mesothelin expression (>10% of the tumor expressing mesothelin) by
                  immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis

               2. Elevated serum SMRP levels (>1.0 nM/L).

          -  Free flowing pleural effusion requiring management by placement of a pleural catheter.
             Patients with a functional pleural catheter already in place are eligible for the
             study, as long as there are no clinical concerns of infection.

        OR

          -  No free-flowing pleural effusion: an Interventional Radiologist has agreed that
             radiology-guided intrapleural or peritumoral injection of the CAR T cells is feasible.

          -  Chemotherapy, targeted therapy (such as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) or therapeutic
             radiotherapy must have been completed at least 14 days prior to administration of T
             cells. Continuation of hormonal therapy (ie for breast cancer) is acceptable. Prior
             immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade (i.e. PD1 inhibitor, PDL1 inhibitor or
             CTL4-antagonist or similar agent) must have been completed more than 1 month1prior to
             the T cell infusion.

          -  Chemotherapy must have been completed at least 7 days prior to leukapheresis

          -  Palliative radiotherapy must be completed at least 2 days prior to administration of
             cyclophosphamide

          -  Any major thoracic (thoracotomy with lung or esophageal resection) or abdominal
             (laparotomy with organ resection) operation must have occurred at least 28 days before
             study enrollment. Patients who have undergone diagnostic VATS or laparoscopy can be
             included in the study.

          -  All acute toxic effects of any previous therapeutic or palliative radiotherapy,
             chemotherapy, or surgical procedures must have resolved to grade I or lower according
             to CTCAE (version 4.0).

          -  Lab requirements (hematology)

          -  White blood cell (WBC) count ≥3000 cells/mm3

          -  Absolute neutrophil count ≥1500 neutrophils/mm3

          -  Platelet count ≥100,000 platelets/mm3 Lab requirements (serum chemistry)

          -  Bilirubin ≤ 1.5x upper limit of normal (ULN)

          -  Serum alanine aminotransferase and serum aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) ≤.5x ULN

          -  Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5x ULN or Cr > 1.5x ULN, but calculated clearances of >60

          -  Negative screen for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)
             antigen, and hepatitis C virus (HCV). If testing was performed during the previous 3
             months, there is no need to repeat testing, as long as documentation of results is
             provided to the study site. Subjects must receive counseling and sign a separate
             informed consent form for HIV testing.

          -  Subjects and their partners with reproductive potential must agree to use an effective
             form of contraception during the period of drug administration and for 4 weeks after
             completion of the last administration of the study drug. An effective form of
             contraception is defined as oral contraceptives plus 1 form of barrier or
             double-barrier method contraception (condom with spermicide or condom with diaphragm).

          -  Subjects must be able to understand the potential risks and benefits of the study and
             must be able to read and provide written, informed consent for the study

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Untreated or active CNS metastases (progressing or requiring anticonvulsants or
             corticosteroids for symptomatic control); patients with a history of treated CNS
             metastases are eligible, provided that all of the following criteria are met:

               -  Presence of measurable or evaluable disease outside of the CNS;

               -  Radiographic demonstration of improvement upon completion of CNS-directed therapy
                  and no evidence of interim progression between completion of CNS-directed therapy
                  and the screening radiographic study;

               -  Completion of radiotherapy ≥8 weeks prior to the screening radiographic study;

               -  Discontinuation of corticosteroids and anticonvulsants ≥4 weeks prior to the
                  screening radiographic study.

          -  Non-small cell lung cancer metastatic to the pleura that extends outside of the pleura
             requiring immediate therapy

          -  Breast cancer metastatic to the pleura that extends outside of the pleura requiring
             immediate therapy

          -  Prior history of seizure disorder

          -  Patients currently receiving treatment for concurrent active malignancy Continuation
             of hormonal therapy (i.e. for breast cancer) is acceptable. Prior immunotherapy with
             checkpoint blockade (i.e. PD1 inhibitor, PDL1 inhibitor or CTL4-antagonist or similar
             agent) must have been completed more than 1 month prior to the T cell infusion.

          -  Autoimmune or antibody-mediated disease, including but not limited to systemic lupus
             erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and temporal
             arteritis (Patients with a history of hypothyroidism will not be excluded)

          -  History of myocarditis or congestive heart failure (as defined by New York Heart
             Association Functional Classification III or IV), as well as unstable angina, serious
             uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, uncontrolled infection, or myocardial infarction 6
             months prior to study entry

          -  Subjects with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 50%

          -  Patients with active interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis or a history of
             ILD/pneumonitis requiring treatment with systemic steroids

          -  Baseline pulse oximetry is less than 92% on Room air

          -  Pregnant or lactating women

          -  An infection requiring antibiotic treatment within 7 days before the start of
             treatment (day 0)

          -  A requirement for daily systemic corticosteroids for any reason or a requirement for
             other immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agents. Topical, nasal, and inhaled
             steroids are permitted.

          -  Administration of live, attenuated vaccine within 8 weeks before the start of
             treatment (day 0) and throughout the study

          -  Any other medical condition that, in the opinion of the PI, may interfere with a
             subject's participation in or compliance with the study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment