Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Evaluation of Image Quality Over Time After Injection of the ﬂuorescein Sodium for Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  These subjects will include male or female aged between 18 and 60 years with
             indications for upper-endoscopy ,but without serious gastritis and other serious
             stomach lesions

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Complications such as gastric and/or duodenal peptic ulcer, stenosis

          -  Esophageal, gastric or duodenal cancer or other malignancy

          -  History of stomach surgery

          -  A history of bronchial asthma, or known allergy to fluorescein.

          -  Pregnant or breast-feeding (for females)

          -  Below 18 or above 60 years of age

          -  Severe comorbidities ( e.g. such as renal failure, congestive cardiac failure, liver
             cirrhosis).
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Multi-factorial Analysis of the Follicular Fluid Milieu to Explore the Discrepant Effect of Follicular Fluid Endometrial Flushing on Outcome of Assisted Reproduction Trial

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Inclusion criteria included age younger than 37 years, having a regular and proven
             ovulatory menstrual cycle with a length of 26-35 days and body mass index (BMI) of <35
             kg/m2, and serum FSH and estradiol were within normal range. Indications for IVF were
             tubal pathology, unexplained infertility, and male factor

        Exclusion Criteria:

        -
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 19 Years old.
Subject must be at most 37 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Molecular Basis of the Growth Axis in Short Stature

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patient with growth hormone deficiency
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 1 Year old.
Subject must be at most 81 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Effects of E-smoke on Levels of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Microparticles in Healthy Volunteers

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  healthy subjects

          -  sporadic cigarette smoking (<9 cigarettes per month)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Any form of cardiovascular disease

          -  Any form of pulmonary disease like asthma or COPD

          -  Any form of systemic or chronic disorder like rheumatologic or metabolic diseases.

          -  Active allergy within 4 weeks of the study

          -  Symptoms of infection or inflammation within 4 weeks of the study

          -  Pregnancy
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 35 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Telescopic Dissection vs. Balloon Dissection During Laparoscopic TEP Inguinal Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  18 years of age or older

          -  Able to give informed consent

          -  Unilateral inguinal hernia

          -  Scheduled for elective inguinal hernia repair

          -  Eligible to tolerate general anesthesia

          -  Eligible to undergo minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair

          -  Willing to undergo mesh-based repair

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Younger than 18 years old

          -  Unable to give informed consent

          -  Bilateral Inguinal hernias

          -  Emergent inguinal hernia repairs ( acute incarceration or strangulation)

          -  Recurrent inguinal hernia with prior preperitoneal mesh

          -  Unable to tolerate general anesthesia

          -  Not eligible for minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair

          -  Not willing to undergo mesh-based repair
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 27-year-old woman comes to the dermatology clinic with skin rash and oral ulcers.  The rashes are mildly itchy. The patient has no other medical conditions and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  On examination, there are pink papules symmetrically distributed over the anterior surfaces of the shins and ankles. There are some white ulcerated papules on her buccal mucosa. She is in relationship with her boyfriend and has only one sexual partner. Her boyfriend uses condoms. She smokes 1 to 2 cigarettes a day and drinks a beer daily. Biopsy reveals prominent hyperkeratosis with a thickened granular layer.  There is an infiltration of mononuclear cells in the superficial dermis that involves the overlying epidermis. The rete ridges have a sawtooth appearance.

Patient's own account: I went to the dermatologist because I had rashes on my skin and ulcers in my mouth. The rashes were not that itchy. I don't get it! I'm 27, I don't take medication, nor I don't have any other illnesses. My vitals were normal. My doc told me there were pink spots on the back of my throat. I'm heterosexual and have been only with my boyfriend and he uses condoms. I smoke 1 or 2 cigarettes a day and I drink a beer to accompany it. I had a biopsy and it showed some thick and grainy skin texture. The doc said it's an immune reaction.

Clinical trial: Yeast Colonization and Infection in Patients With Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Legally competent women and men

          -  Age 18 years or older

        Exclusion Criteria

          -  Actual systemic or topical antifungal therapy

          -  Pregnant or lactating women
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: Subacute Effect of Pharyngeal Pharmacological Sensory Stimulation in Elderly Patients With Oropharyngeal Dysphagia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  More than 70 years old.

          -  Oropharyngeal dysphagia with impaired safety of swallow (penetration aspiration score
             higher or equal than 2).

          -  Patients able to comply with the study protocol.

          -  Signature or the written informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Previous history of severe gastrointestinal diseases.

          -  Epilepsy or previous convulsive crisis episodes.

          -  Pacemaker or implanted defibrillator carriers.

          -  Cardiopulmonary instability.

          -  Oropharyngeal dysphagia of structural cause.

          -  Previous history of head and neck surgery.

          -  Neurodegenerative disease.

          -  Advanced dementia (GDS higher than 5).

          -  Gastroesophageal reflux.

          -  Taking drugs with effects on dopamine.

          -  Neoplasia or active infection.

          -  Alcohol, tobacco or drugs dependence.

          -  Participate or have participated in another interventionist clinical trial in the 4
             weeks prior to inclusion.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 70 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: MRI Study of the Distal Radius Bone Marrow Fat Fraction in Osteoporotic and Healthy Women

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria: Women over the age of 45 with regular menstruation should be included
        in group 1, women over the age of 55 without menstruation for at least one year should be
        included in groups 2 or 3 according to the results of the bone density test. If T-Score>
        -2.5 will be included in group 2 and if T-Score <-2.5 they will be included in group 3.

        -

        Exclusion Criteria: Women with metabolic bone disease, thyroid or pre-thyroid disease,
        diabetes, chronic steroid use, use of osteoporosis drugs, hormonal therapy, BMI below 20 or
        over 27, pregnant women and tattooed women in the area under study will not be included in
        the study.

        -
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: Low Level Laser Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Both males and females

          -  Patients with age 45-65 years

          -  Patients with knee OA of grade II or III according to Kellgren-Lawrence grade.

          -  Pain intensity ranging between> 5 measured by Numeric Pain Rating Scale.

          -  Patients who had minimum score of 25 on the Western Ontario McMaster Universities
             Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total score.

          -  Patients having knee pain for at least 3 months.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with pain in other lower limb joints.

          -  Patients with symptomatic hip osteoarthritis.

          -  Patients with knee surgery in last 6 months.

          -  Patients with complaint of cancer, diabetes, neurological deficit or uncontrolled
             hypertension
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Examination of Efficacy and Safety of Other Anti-Resorption Drugs After 2-year-Denosumab Therapy in Japanese Osteoporosis Patients

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  osteoporosis patients

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  not osteoporosis patients who are allergic to the drugs, refused to do this research,
             or who are pregnant
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 120 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction