Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Gene Expression and Inflammation in Overweight Subjects

Eligibility criteria:
-  INCLUSION CRITERIA:

          -  Age 25-45 years, male or female

          -  BMI 25.0-45.0 kg/m(2) for Overweight Subjects and 19.0-24.9 kg/m(2) for Non-Overweight
             Controls

          -  Healthy, as determined by medical history and laboratory tests

          -  Written informed consent

        EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

          -  BMI less than 19.0 or greater than 45.0 kg/m(2)

          -  History or symptoms compatible with cardiovascular disease, including arrhythmias and
             syncopal episodes, or use of prescription medications for heart conditions, strokes,
             or peripheral vascular disease

          -  Allergy to lidocaine

          -  Pregnancy or breastfeeding

          -  Menopause or peri-menopausal period (FSH greater than 15 mIU/ml)

          -  Use of hormonal contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy

          -  Alcohol (more than 2 drinks per day or CAGE greater than 2 questions and/or
             current/regular use of drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, heroin, or marijuana

          -  Current use of tobacco products (smoking or chewing)

          -  History of Diabetes Mellitus, either type 1 or 2, or Fasting Glucose greater than 126
             mg/dl

          -  Use of cholesterol- or lipid-lowering drugs, or fasting serum lipids in range
             requiring medication per Adult Treatment Panel III recommendations of the National
             Cholesterol Education Program

          -  Liver disease or ALT serum level greater than two-fold above the laboratory reference
             standard

          -  Renal insufficiency or estimated creatinine clearance less than or equal to 50 ml/min

          -  Current use of medications, dietary supplements (including fish oils), or alternative
             therapies known to alter thyroid function with the exception of occasional use of
             NSAIDs (3 tablets/week maximum) and Benzodiazepines; use of NSAIDs in the 10 days
             preceding the hospital admissions

          -  Current history, symptoms, or behavior compatible with psychiatric disorders or
             therapy with psychotropic medications that would be incompatible with safe and
             successful participation in this study

          -  History of drug or alcohol abuse within the last 5 years; current use of drugs or
             alcohol

          -  Keloid formation (relative to subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies)

          -  Hypo- or hyperthyroidism (TSH greater than or equal to 10; less than or equal to 0.1
             mIU/L)

          -  Blood pressure greater than 160/95 mm Hg or use of prescription medications for
             treatment of hypertension

          -  Cushing Syndrome
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 25 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction