Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: A Study of Monthly Risedronate for Osteoporosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Female: 50 years of age or older

          -  >5 years since last menses natural or surgical

          -  have lumbar spine BMD (bone mineral density) more that 2.5 standard deviations (SD)
             below the young adult mean, or have 1-spine BMD more than 2.0 SD below the young adult
             female mean value and also have at least one prevalent vertebral body fracture

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  history of uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, osteomalacia

          -  BMI (body mass index) >32 kg/m^2

          -  use of medications within 3 months of starting study drug that impact bone metabolism
             such as glucocorticoids, estrogens, calcitonin, calcitriol, other bisphosphonates and
             parathyroid hormone

          -  hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia of any cause

          -  markedly abnormal clinical laboratory measurements that are assessed as clinically
             significant by the investigator
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: IRM Cardiaque en Respiration Libre Pour Des Patients Atteints de Dystrophinopathie sévère

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Dystophinopathy (Duchenne or severe Becker)

          -  >8yo

          -  with social insurance

          -  informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  arythmia

          -  impossibility to undergo an MRI (pacemaker, ....)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 8 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Osteoporosis and Fall Prevention and Posture Correction Interventions in the Metropolitan Area

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. older than 50 years of age

          2. high risk as defined from one of the following criteria: score≥1 on one minute
             osteoporosis risk questionnaire; 10 year predicted fracture risk≥20% for major
             osteoporotic fracture or ≥3% for hip fracture from FRAX; fall≥2 times in pass 1 year

          3. having a bone mineral density test within one year period

          4. having the capability to understand the study and complete the study interventions

          5. willing to participate for the intervention and study follow ups

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. People younger than 50 years of age

          2. Could not communicate because of hearing, visual, or cognitive problems

          3. Unable to stand and walk unaided (walking aids are acceptable)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.
Subject must be at most 100 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: DHEA and Testosterone Replacement in Elderly

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

        bioavailable testosterone less than 103 nanogram/dl and DHEA-S level less than 157
        microgram/dl for men; DHEA-S less than 95 microgram/dl for women;

        Exclusion criteria:

        significant ischemic heart disease, renal disease, uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes
        mellitus, malignancy, malabsorption, bone disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
        or sleep apnea.

        Others exclusion criteria include abnormal serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase,
        asparate aminotransferase, creatinine, urinary calcium, thyroid stimulating hormone, and
        erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

        People taking medication that may affect outcome measures such as adrenal steroids,
        anticonvulsant therapy thiazide diuretics, and estrogen replacement were also excluded.
        People engaged in a regular exercise program lasting more than 20 minutes more than two
        times per week and those men whose PSA level (age adjusted upper limit) were also excluded.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 60 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: Treatment of Hypertension in Tibetan Adult Population

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Adult Tibetan, who have been living in the Tibetan Plateau since he/she was born.

          2. Consistent with diagnosed hypertension, blood pressure, for 1-3 grade.

          3. Aged 18-80 years old.

          4. To sign informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. diagnosis of secondary hypertension

          2. Hypertensive emergencies and urgencies

          3. Malignant hypertension

          4. Bilateral renal artery stenosis, Chronic Kidney Disease（CKD）, serum creatinine>
             133μmol / L.

          5. Suffering from congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, hypertrophic
             cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis.

          6. Occurred within the past 6 months who had a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA),
             unstable angina, myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
             (PTCA).

          7. clinical significance of arrhythmia

          8. Active liver disease, history of chronic persistent hepatitis, alanine
             aminotransferase（ALT）> upper limit of normal.

          9. Pregnancy, pregnancy or breast-feeding women to prepare.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 7-month-old boy is brought to emergency by his parents due to irritability and inability to defecate for the past 3 days.  The patient has had constipation and discomfort with bowel movements since birth.  His symptoms worsened after eating semi-solid foods.  Vital signs are normal.  Abdominal examination shows distension and tenderness to palpation with presence of bowel sounds.  Xray with barium shows a narrow rectum and rectosigmoid area.  The rest of the colon proximal to this segment is dilated. Digital rectal exam revealed burst of feces out of the anus. The biopsy showed absence of submucosal ganglia in the last segment of the large intestine.

Patient's own account: My baby boy just turned 7 months old but my wife and I cannot get a hold of him! He has not been able to poop for 3 days! My poor little thing has been having constipation and bowel problems since birth. But since he ate some semi-solid food it has just been worse! The doctor said his vitals are normal but his belly is tense and tender with his bowels making noise. They did an X-ray and found out that he had a narrow rectum. His colon is dilated. They also performed a touch rectal exam and he could finally poop! The biopsy revealed that there is no submucosal ganglia in his large intestine.

Clinical trial: The Association Between Calretinin and the Function of Ganglion Cells in Hirschsprung Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Confirmed histopathological diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease from January 1, 1990 to
             August 31, 2019

          -  Long-segment Hirschsprung disease (type A and B)

          -  Total colonic aganglionosis (TCA)

          -  Surgery at CHUSJ

          -  Tissue blocks of proximal resection margin available for pathological analysis

          -  Minimum 1 month of postoperative follow-up

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Short-segment Hirschsprung disease (conventional form, rectosigmoid junction)

          -  Total colonic with small bowel aganglionosis (TCSA)

          -  Surgery done at another institution

          -  Early deaths

          -  Lost to follow-up

          -  No documented post-operative outcome
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.

Subject must be at most 18 Months

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Preperitoneal Versus Pre-trasversalis Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  18 years older

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  recurrent inguinal hernia

          -  previous low abdominal operation
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): The patient is a 38-year-old man with cough and body ache that started 3 days ago.  He had fever and chills at the beginning and has low grade fever at the time of visit. He feels tired and sleepy. His body ache and myalgia get better after using Tylenol. The PCR test for Covid is positive. His vital signs are within normal limits with a body temperature of 37.9 C. There is no lymphadenopathy or white exudates in the pharynx.

Patient's own account: I was feeling really sick the other day, to the point that I showed up at the doctor's office. I was coughing, and my body was hurting for 3 days. I had a fever and chills and felt tired and sleepy. I got better after using Tylenol. They did a PCR Covid test on me, and it was positive! My vitals were normal, and my temperature was 37.9 C. I had no swelling around my neck or white spots on the back of my throat.

Clinical trial: Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in Semen: Impact on Fertility Preservation in Male Oncological Patients ?

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Man above 18 years of age, of reproductive age, needing oncofertility preservation
             through spermatozoa cryopreservation prior to a putative gonadotoxic treatment during
             the COVID-19 pandemic.

          -  Symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. A patient is considered as symptomatic
             if he presents one or several of the following clinical signs: fever, cough,
             cephalalgia, myalgia, diarrhea, anosmia, pharyngodynia.

          -  A sufficient number of remaining spermatozoa straws to perform at least six ART
             attempts

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Azoospermia

          -  Severe Oligo-Astheno-Teratozoospermia (OAT) or Cryptozoospermia

          -  Semen collection failure

          -  Non-emergency fertility preservation or treatment with low gonadotoxic risk
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Positive Airway Pressure on Pleural Effusion After Drainage

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  age over 18 years

          -  presence of pleural effusion

          -  have undergone chest drain for fewer than 24 hours

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  contraindication to the use of non-invasive equipment that generates positive airway
             pressure (such as: intolerance, phobia, drowsiness, restlessness, confusion,
             hemodynamic instability requiring vasopressor therapy, systolic blood pressure < 90
             mmHg, facial trauma, ineffective cough or inability to swallow, nausea or vomiting,
             upper gastrointestinal bleeding, acute myocardial infarction within the last 48 hours,
             pneumothorax or bullous emphysema)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: A RCT on the Effect of Platelets Rich Plasma in ICSI Patients With Recurrent Implantation Failure

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  patients with history of three or more unsuccessful IVF-ET cycles with at least two
             good quality embryos transferred and candidates for fresh embryo transfer

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Age less than 18 years or more than 35years and body mass index more than 30 kg/m2.

        Patients with PCOS, endometriosis, uterine anomalies , Ashermann syndrome, chronic
        endometritis, chromosomal abnormalities, increased peripheral NK cells, hereditary
        thrombophylia and anti phospholipid syndrome
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 35 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction