Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Carbon Monoxide to Prevent Lung Inflammation

Eligibility criteria:
-  INCLUSION CRITERIA:

        All volunteer subjects, employees and non-employees, must 18 to 40 years of age and must be
        able to provide informed, written consent for participation in this study. We will not
        directly advertise the study to employees to avoid the potential for coercion. Eligibility
        in the study is determined prior to enrollment on the basis of the following inclusion and
        exclusion criteria.

        Normal screening examination including:

          1. medical history and physical examination, nonsmoker, no concurrent medications
             including aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, no active medical problems

          2. complete blood count with differential and platelet counts

          3. serum chemistries including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, liver enzymes
             and function tests, electrolytes, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time,
             carboxyhemoglobin measured by venous co-oxymetry.

          4. urinalysis

          5. female subjects must have negative urine pregnancy test within one week of
             participation (this will be repeated immediately prior to beginning the screening
             procedures due to radiation exposure from the chest x-ray)

          6. electrocardiogram

          7. chest radiograph

        Sexually active females not using contraceptive methods will be instructed to abstain from
        sexual activity or use barrier contraception methods from the time of last negative
        pregnancy test to 24 hours after completion of the study.

        EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

          1. active tobacco use

          2. baseline caroxyhemoglobin greater than 2%

          3. pregnancy

          4. lactation

          5. medical history of recent clinically significant asthma allergy to both sulfa- and
             penicillin-based drugs

          6. Allergy to both sulfa- and penicillin-based drugs.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction