Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Detection of Microdeletions in the Azoospermia Factor (AZF) Regions in Infertile Male Patients

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        -Male patients diagnosed with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Klinefelter Syndrome ;

          2. Structural chromosome aberrations；

          3. Obstructive anspermia;

          4. Male infertility caused by endocrine factors;

          5. Do not meet requirements for acquisition, processing and preservation of samples；

          6. After sampling, it doesn't conform to the standard of quality control, or other
             experimental conditions that don't meet the test requirement；

          7. Unable to obtain patient history;
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) as a Cognitive Enhancer for Patients With Alzheimers Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Alzheimers disease according to (National Institute of Neurological and Communicative
             Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association).

          -  The cognitive impairment and decline must be documented by cognitive /
             neuropsychological testing and from an informant.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Stroke,

          -  Cancer,

          -  Psychiatric disorders (major depression, psychosis) or diseases / injuries in the
             central nervous system.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Alzheimer Disease : Rehabilitation's Intervention at Home

Eligibility criteria:
Patient's inclusion criteria:

          -  Aged 65 and over

          -  AD or mixed dementia (DSM IV TR criteria), documented by a neuropsychological
             assessment and a brain imaging

          -  Living at home

          -  Having a caregiver (more than 2 visits per week)

          -  Agreement for the study

        Caregiver's inclusion criteria :

          -  More than 2 patient's visits per week

          -  Agreement for the study

        Patient's exclusion criteria:

          -  Life expectancy less than 1 year

          -  Guardianship

          -  Already having a rehabilitation program's therapy

          -  Participation in a pharmacological study

        Caregiver's exclusion criteria:

        - Medical condition requiring regular care
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 65 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 43-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, comes to the clinic complaining of recently painful menstrual cycles.  The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Urine β-hCG is negative. Menarche was at age 12, and menstrual periods occur every 28 days and lasts for 5 days.  She is sexually active with her husband and does not have pain with intercourse. BMI is 23 kg/m2 and Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the uterus is uniformly enlarged and tender. She is candidate for hysterectomy with the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Patient's own account: I'm 43, and I paid a visit to my doctor because my last few periods were insanely painful. My last periods were 2 weeks ago. I already had three pregnancies that gave me the three lovely children. I did a urine test to check for potential pregnancy, and it came back negative. I started to have my periods at the age of 12, and I have been pretty regular with periods every 28 days for 5 days. I'm sexually active with my husband and I do not have any pain when we have sex. My BMI is 23 and my vitals were normal. The doctor performed a physical exam and found that my uterus was tender and enlarged. She proposed me a hysterectomy and diagnosed me with adenomyosis.

Clinical trial: Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System for the Treatment of Symptomatic Adenomyosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Women with regular menses

          -  Adenomyosis diagnosed via transvaginal ultrasound

          -  With severe dysmenorrhea (VAS ≥ 7) and/or menorrhea (pictorial chart scores >100)

          -  Duration of placement > 12 months

          -  Size of uterus by physical examination less than uterus of 12-week pregnancy

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Desire for pregnancy or lactation

          -  With diagnosis of malignancies or precancerous lesions

          -  Acceptance of laparotomy

          -  Contraindication of placing levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Role of Cryobiopsy in Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        - 1. Unilateral moderate or massive exudative pleural effusion patients. 2. Undiagnosed
        pleural effusion after simple pleural fluid aspiration, cytology or blind (closed) pleural
        biopsy using Abram's needle.

        3. Age>18 years old

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Transudative pleural effusion.

          2. Exudative pleural effusion less than one third of hemithorax.

          3. Presence of hemorrhagic diathesis (prothrombin concentration <50% and platelet count
             <80,000/mm 3).

          4. Poor performance state (ECOG performance status >4) as recommended in BTS (British
             thoracic society) guidelines 2010.

          5. Sever uncontrollable cough, hypercapnia and sever respiratory distress.

          6. Fibrothorax, excessive pleural adhesion.

             -
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation in Pulpotomy of Primary Molars Using Protooth Vs. MTA

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Complete physical and mental health, with no confounding history of systemic disease
             and/or use of special local or systemic drugs

          -  No allergic reactions recorded in patient history

          -  Having primary molar teeth in one jaw, having deep caries and vital pulp.

          -  No history of spontaneous pain, pathologic mobility, draining sinus tract, redness or
             swelling of vestibule

          -  Normal gingival and periodontal condition, with no sensitivity to vestibular
             palpation, and no pain on percussion test

               -  Radiographic criteria:

          -  No sign of radiolucency in periapical or furcation area

          -  No widening of PDL space or loss of lamina dura continuity

          -  No evidence of internal/external pathologic root resorption

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Lack of informed consent by the child patient's parent

          -  Lack of informed consent by the child patient's parent

          -  Unable to attend follow-up visits.

          -  Refusal of participation.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 4 Years old.
Subject must be at most 8 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of gritty sensation in her eyes. She also has difficulty swallowing dry foods with no pain or heartburn.  The patient is a schoolteacher and must drink water frequently during lectures due to her mouth dryness.  She also reports occasional joint pain.  Medical history is not significant other than the confirmed Sjogren disease with no other rheumatologic disease.  She is sexually active with her husband and has 2 children both delivered by natural vaginal delivery. She has no history of any kind of surgery. Physical examination shows conjunctival erythema and cracking of the lips. The remainder of the examination and history is normal. Her lab result shows elevated ESR (50 mm/h)

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a terrible gritty sensation in my eyes. It was also hard to swallow dry food, but it didn't burn, and there was no pain. I'm a 40-year-old female school teacher and I should drink water for the lectures because otherwise, my mouth gets really dry. I also have joint pain from time to time. I have been diagnosed with Sjogren disease but no other rheumatologic disease. I have a husband, we're sexually active, and I also have two lovely children that I delivered both naturally. I never undergone any surgery. Physical examination when I came to the clinic, and it showed cracking on my lips and a pink eye. The rest was fine. I also did some lab tests, and they came back with high ESR.

Clinical trial: Pelvic Floor Muscle Function in Nulliparous and Primiparous.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        - Nulliparous and primiparous

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  in G1 (nulliparous) were UI, neurological diseases, previous pelvic surgeries,
             diabetes, smoking and cognitive difficulties. In G2 (primiparas), the same criteria
             were used including women with gestational complications such as diabetes,
             hypertension, vaginal and urinary infection.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 30 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: The Validity, Reliability and Responsiveness of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale in Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Individuals diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis II-III level according to the results
             of radiological evaluation by Kellgren and Lawrence

          -  Individuals aged between 40 and 65 years

          -  Individuals who have pain in his/her either of the knees in 3 month period and who
             have a VAS score of 3 or more

          -  Individuals who can walk 10 meters independently (with or without ancillary device)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Individuals with Body Mass Index 35 and above

          -  Individuals with a history of surgery or injury involving the lower limb within the
             last 1 year (knee / hip endoprosthesis, post-fracture surgery, menisectomy, etc.)

          -  Individuals who received hyaluronic acid or corticosteroid injections in the last year

          -  People with severe eyesight, hearing disabilities Individuals with neurological
             deficit or disorder

          -  Individuals with regular exercise habits in the last 6 months

          -  Individuals with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: A Randomised, Blinded Study on Laparoscopic Mesh Reinforcement for Chronic Groin Pain

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Groin pain (unilateral or bilateral) for at least 4 months. In this way, patients with
             temporary symptoms will be excluded from undergoing unnecessary surgery.

          -  Tenderness over pubic tubercle or superficial inguinal ring.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Aged less than 18 years Aged more than 50 years - due to increased incidence of
             sacro-iliac and hip pathology.

          -  Bulge, lump or cough impulse consistent with inguinal or femoral hernia on clinical
             examination.

          -  Patients unwilling or unable to provide informed consent. Medically unfit for general
             anaesthetic

          -  Pregnant women

          -  Diabetes - due to diabetic neuropathy

          -  Steroid use

          -  QST suggestive of nerve entrapment.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Perioperative Immunonutrition, Phagocytic and Bactericidal Activity of Blood Platelets in Gastric Cancer Patients

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  gastric cancer

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  for group III constituted gastric cancer associated with severe gastrointestinal
             obstruction
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment