Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Assessment of Day-night Secretion of Progesterone and LH Across Pubertal Maturation in Girls With and Without Hyperandrogenemia (JCM023)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Early and late pubertal girls with normal androgens

          -  Early and late pubertal girls with hyperandrogenemia

          -  All subjects will be girls from pre-puberty (Stage 1 breast development and pubic hair
             growth but at least 7 years old) to 7 years post menarche.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnancy

          -  Inability to comprehend what will be done during the study or why it will be done

          -  Hemoglobin <11.5 g/dL for non-African American subjects; Hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL for
             African American subjects

          -  Persistently abnormal sodium, potassium, or bicarbonate (i.e., confirmed on repeat)

          -  Persistently elevated creatinine, hepatic transaminases, or alkaline phosphatase
             (i.e., confirmed on repeat)

          -  Total bilirubin > 1.5 times upper limit of normal (i.e., confirmed on repeat)

          -  Significant history of cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction (e.g., known or suspected
             congestive heart failure; asthma requiring intermittent systemic corticosteroids;
             etc.)

          -  Untreated hypo- or hyperthyroidism (reflected by persistently abnormal TSH values)

          -  Total testosterone > 200 ng/dl

          -  Basal (follicular) 17-OHP > 200 ng/ml (in girls without a previous diagnosis of
             congenital adrenal hyperplasia)

          -  DHEA-S > 800 mcg/dl

          -  Elevation of prolactin > 2 times upper limit of normal

          -  Weight less than 25 kg
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 7 Years old.
Subject must be at most 17 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Comparison of Self Fixating Mesh to Mesh Fixation With Metallic Tacks in Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Unilateral inguinal hernia

          2. Age 18-80years

          3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grade 1 or 2

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Patient unfit for general anesthesia or laparoscopic surgery

          2. Large scrotal hernias

          3. Irreducible hernias

          4. Morbid obesity

          5. Previous pelvic surgery

          6. Coagulopathy

          7. Those who cannot understand the VAS score

          8. Those who did not agree to participate in the study

          9. Gastritis

         10. Gastroesophageal reflux disease

         11. Liver dysfunction

         12. kidney dysfunction
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: A RCT Comparing Spontaneous Natural Cycles and Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin-induced Natural Cycles in FET

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age of women <43 years

          -  Regular menstrual cycles ranging from 21-35 days with not more than 4 days variation
             between cycles

          -  Undergoing FET in natural cycles

          -  Normal uterine cavity as shown on saline sonogram performed before the IVF cycle or
             normal uterine cavity shown on pelvic scanning during the stimulated IVF cycle

          -  Endometrial thickness >=8mm in both stimulated IVF and FET cycles

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  >3 previous IVF cycles

          -  >6 embryos replaced without pregnancy

          -  Irregular menstrual cycles

          -  Subjects requiring clomid-induced cycles and hormonal replacement (HRT) cycles

          -  History of previous FET cycles within the study period

          -  Blastocyst transfer

          -  Preimplantation genetic diagnosis treatment

          -  Use of donor oocytes

          -  Presence of hydrosalpinx not corrected surgically prior to FET

          -  Recurrent miscarriage

          -  Serum progesterone level on the day of LH surge or day of hCG >5 nmol/L or 1.5 pg/L
             (these patients will be retrospectively excluded)

          -  Refusal to join the study
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 43 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Pharmacokinetics of Testosterone Lotion in the Treatment of Hypogonadal Males

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Hypogonadal males between 18-70 years old with qualifying general medical health

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Disqualifying concurrent conditions or allergy/sensitivity to testosterone replacement
             therapy
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Arthritis Patient Education for Urban African Americans

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Urban African Americans with arthritis

          -  18 years or older

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  None
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Individually Tailored Prophylaxis With Human-cl rhFVIII in Patients With Severe Haemophilia A

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Severe haemophilia A (FVIII:C < 1%) according to medical history.

          -  Male patients ≥ 18 years old.

          -  Previous treatment with a FVIII concentrate (regular prophylaxis with good compliance
             or on-demand treatment) for at least 150 exposure days (EDs).

          -  Good documentation regarding dosing and bleeding frequency in the 6 months preceding
             study start.

          -  Immunocompetence (CD4+ count > 200/microliter).

          -  HIV-negative, if positive, viral load < 200 particles/microliter or < 400,000
             copies/mL.

          -  Freely given written informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Any coagulation disorder other than haemophilia A.

          -  Present or past FVIII inhibitor activity (> 0.6 Bethesda Unit [BU])

          -  Severe liver or kidney disease.
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 15-week-old infant brought to the clinic for the follow up. The infant has flat facies, small ears, a single palmar crease, and upward slanting eyes. He was born on 39th week to a 39-year-old woman who didn't have prenatal care. The medical record confirms the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Down syndrome). The infant is otherwise healthy.

Patient's own account: My newborn, who is only 15 weeks old, had one of his follow-up appointments. The doctor pointed out that my baby had a flat face, small ears, only one palm line, and small eyes. He was born on his 39th week, while I was 39. What a coincidence! To be honest, I did not go to the doctor during my pregnancy. The doctor diagnosed my baby with Down syndrome. Apart from that he's healthy.

Clinical trial: Effects of Infant Massage on Development of Down Syndrome Babies

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Babies with Down Syndrome that received Early Attention.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Babies with Down syndrome:

          -  With associated pathology.

          -  Adopted.

          -  Have received infant massage course.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 4 Months old.
Subject must be at most 8 Months

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: Fitness, Hearing and Quality of Life in Older Adults With Hearing Loss. Walk, Talk and Listen for Your Life

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

        -Gender: Male and female

        Age limits:

          -  Minimum age: 65 years of age

          -  Maximum age: 90 years of age.

          -  Self-reported diagnosis of hearing loss

          -  Must be independently ambulatory (no use of cane, walker or wheelchair)

          -  Less than150 minutes per week of self-reported physical activity

          -  Healthy enough to participate in the intervention without exacerbating any existing
             symptomatology

          -  Not having participated in any organized exercise program for at least 6 months

          -  Availability and willingness to attend at least 80% of the 10 week intervention
             sessions in addition to baseline and final assessments. -Be English speaking and able
             to sign written informed consent

          -  A Hearing Handicap In the Elderly-25 questionnaire score of 25 > 17

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Dementia

          -  Depression
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 65 Years old.
Subject must be at most 90 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Treatment Response of High-dose and Standard-dose Rabeprazole for Extra-esophageal Reflux.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age is over 20 years old, under 80 years old, men or women

          -  Patients who had experienced extra-esophageal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux
             disease more than once a week within the last month prior to the start of the study

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients administered with prokinetics, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump
             inhibitors, anticholinergic drugs or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs prior to
             study in 4 weeks

          -  Patients administered with anti-thrombotic drugs

          -  Patients taking other investigational drugs or participating in other clinical studies
             in 4 weeks

          -  Patients with esophageal stricture, esophageal varix, Barrett's esophagus, peptic
             ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding

          -  Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

          -  Patients with any kind of malignant tumor

          -  Patients with surgery related to gastroesophageal

          -  Patients with significant cardiovascular, pulmonary, heptic, renal, hemopoietic or
             endocrine system primary disease

          -  Patients with neuropsychiatric disorder, alcoholism, or drug abuse

          -  Women either pregnant or breast feeding
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Effects of Kinesio-taping in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with unilateral and bilateral knee OA

          -  O.A with grade 2-3(Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis
             of knee)

          -  Experiencing Pain for more than 1 month

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Rheumatic diseases, inflammatory arthritis, septic arthritis

          -  Intra-articular corticosteroid injection during the past month

          -  Patients with fracture

          -  Patients with any carcinoma

          -  if patient having any other systemic illness.

          -  Allergic reaction to KT
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment