Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Efficacy of Growth Hormone Supplementation With Gonadotrophins in IVF/ICSI for Poor Responders

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age: 25 to 38 years old.

          -  IVF previous poor responders: at least two failed cycles with < five oocytes or
             abnormal ORT e.g. antimullerian hormone < 1

          -  Patients with unexplained infertility.

          -  Normal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin and
             ovarian ultrasound.

          -  Normal pelvic ultrasound including 3D ultrasound of the uterus with no detected
             hydrosalpinx.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Refusal to participate in the study

          -  Patients with known medical disease (e.g. severe hypertension or hepatic disease).

          -  Altered karyotype in one or both partners.

          -  History of chronic, autoimmune or metabolic diseases

          -  Presence of endocrinopathies.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 25 Years old.
Subject must be at most 38 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Evaluation of Esomeprazole in Treating Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Exposed to Radiation Therapy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Signed informed consent

          2. History of head and neck cancer

          3. Radiation Therapy (external beam or IMRT)

               1. Must have received equal or greater than 5000 cGy cumulative dose

               2. Must have complaint of xerostomia

               3. Greater than three month interval since radiation treatment

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Subjects unable to tolerate pH-probe in past

          2. Subjects currently on proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) or H-2 receptor antagonist therapy

          3. Prior history of esophago-gastric surgery

          4. Symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding (melena, hematemesis)

          5. Known hepatic cirrhosis or esophageal varices

          6. Prior esophageal perforation

          7. Pregnant, nursing or not likely to be using adequate contraceptive measures

          8. Subjects not predicted to survive duration of study

          9. Subjects with allergies or sensitivities to proton-pump inhibitors

         10. Psychological, familial, sociological or geographical conditions which do not permit
             Study follow-up and compliance with study protocol

         11. Subjects predicted to undergo surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy for head and
             neck cancer during the course of study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: The Effects of Hypolipemic and Antidiabetic Treatment on Cytokines

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age (35-64yr)

          -  Primary hyperlipidemia (Total cholesterol >200mg/dl, Triglycerides >150mg/dl)

          -  Type 2 Diabetes

          -  For women:

          -  Menopause (>12 months)

          -  Post hysterectomy

          -  Mechanical contraception

          -  Obtained informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Secondary hyperlipidemia

          -  Morbid obesity (BMI>40kg/m2)

          -  Alcohol or drug abuse

          -  Acute or chronic inflammation

          -  Congestive Heart Failure (NYHA III or IV)

          -  Unstable Ischaemic Heart Disease

          -  Moderate or severe hypertension

          -  Cancer in less than 5 years

          -  Chronic kidney disease (stage III-V)

          -  Liver failure

          -  Oral contraception

          -  Not compliant patient

          -  Laboratory results:

          -  alanine transferase (>3xULN)

          -  creatine kinase (>5xULN)

          -  haemoglobin (<10/dl)

          -  PLT (<100G/l)

          -  WBC (<3,5G/l or >10G/l)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 35 Years old.
Subject must be at most 64 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: A Device for Rapid, Painless, Bedside Muscle Evaluation of Children

Eligibility criteria:
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  1. Age 0-18

          -  2. Male

          -  3. Genetic or histopathologic diagnosis of duchenne muscular dystrophy, or signs and
             symptoms of DMD and genetic or histopathologic diagnosis in a family member.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  1. Age over 18

          -  2. Female

          -  3. Presence of a superimposed neuromuscular or other medical condition that
             substantially impacts the individual's health or ability to cooperate.
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Subject must be at most 18 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 31-year-old woman comes to the office due to 3 days of rash on her left arm.  The lesion is mildly pruritic but not painful.  She is otherwise healthy and occasionally takes ibuprofen during the first few days of her menstrual period.  Temperature is 37 C, blood pressure is 110/75 mm Hg, and pulse is 95/min. The lesion is like a target sign known as erythema migrans. She recently went for an adventure trip in New Hampshire. The patient is diagnosed with Lyme disease.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a rash on my left arm for three days, and the lesion started to be putrid, but it was not painful. I'm a 31-year-old healthy woman and the only medication I use is ibuprofen when I get my periods. They took my temperature, which turned out to be 37°C and took my blood pressure which was 110/75 and my pulse 95. My lesion is round like a target sign. I just came back from a New Hampshire road trip with my friends. Unfortunately, the doctor diagnosed me with Lyme disease.

Clinical trial: Doxycycline in Therapy of Erythema Migrans

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  presence of erythema migrans

          -  >15 years old

          -  informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  pregnancy

          -  lactation

          -  multiple erythema migrans

          -  already treated with antibiotic for this episode of Lyme borreliosis

          -  allergy to doxycycline

          -  treatment with drugs with known interactions with doxycycline

          -  cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 15 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman

Clinical trial: In Vivo Hip Fracture Discrimination With Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

        Selection of cases: women with hip fracture

          -  woman aged 60 years and more

          -  clinical suspicion of osteoporosis based on the following: trivial trauma (fall from
             the standing position), history of vertebral fracture or visualization of a vertebral
             fracture by CT

          -  availability of radiographs of the proximal femur (anteroposterior view of the pelvis
             mandatory; anteroposterior and lateral views of the fractured hip optional)

          -  signature by the patient of the informed consent document

        Exclusion criteria:

          -  patient under 60 years

          -  current bisphosphonate, oestrogen, or SERM treatment started more than 3 months
             earlier; or past treatment with these medications stopped less than 6 months earlier

          -  hip arthroplasty on the other side

          -  fracture at the site of a bone lesion

          -  psychiatric disorder that might prevent the patient from giving informed consent or
             from remaining completely still for about 15 minutes during the investigations

          -  informed consent document not signed by the patient

        Selection of controls:

        The controls will be women without hip fracture matched on age to the cases.

        Inclusion criteria:

          -  woman aged 60 years and more

          -  signature by the patient of the informed consent document

        Exclusion criteria:

          -  age under 60 years

          -  male

          -  current bisphosphonate, oestrogen, or SERM therapy started more than 3 months earlier;
             or past treatment with these medications stopped less than 6 months earlier

          -  history of osteoporotic hip fracture.

          -  psychiatric disorder that might prevent the patient from giving informed consent or
             from remaining completely still for about 15 minutes during the investigations

          -  informed consent document not signed by the patient
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 60 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Medical Abortion for Emergency Contraception Failure

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Participants included in the study were women aged 16 years or older

          -  with good general health,

          -  experiencing a mifepristone emergency contraception failure,

          -  presenting an intrauterine singleton pregnancy confirmed by pelvic ultrasound scan,
             with a crown-rump length compatible within 56 days of gestation at the enrolled day,
             and

          -  seeking a medical abortion for unwanted pregnancy.

          -  Women who had a threatened abortion or a failure pregnancy were also included.

          -  Participants were required to sign an informed consent form before enrolment, willing
             to comply with the schedule of follow-up visits and willing to undergo surgical
             aspiration if indicated.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  The exclusion criteria included suspected or proven ectopic pregnancy,

          -  allergy or contraindications for mifepristone (chronic systemic corticosteroid
             therapy, adrenal insufficiency) or misoprostol (hypertension, mitral stenosis, severe
             asthma, glaucoma, sickle cell anemia and hypotension),

          -  history or evidence of thromboembolism, cardiovascular disease or liver disease,
             hemoglobin ≤ 90 g/l, heavy smoking (more than 10 per day),

          -  presence of an intrauterine device, and breastfeeding.

          -  Other exclusion criteria included participants who had EC failure because incorrect
             use, for example, having further unprotected intercourse after EC.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 16 Years old.
Subject must be at most 40 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Assessing Her2/Neu Expression in Gastric Cancer With Dual or Multiple Tumor Tissue Paraffin Blocks

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Age between 18 to 80; Received curative surgery with primary gastric adenocarcinoma; Did
        not receive any preoperative treatment.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        None.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: Racial Differences in Serum Sodium and Blood Pressure Regulation

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Are between the ages of 19-75.

          2. Have blood pressure no higher than 150/90 mmHg.

          3. Have a BMI below 35 Kg/m2 (otherwise healthy)

          4. Free from metabolic disease (diabetes or renal disease), pulmonary disorders (e.g.,
             COPD & cystic fibrosis), and cardiovascular disease (peripheral vascular, cardiac, or
             cerebrovascular).

          5. Do not have any precluding medical issues that prevent participants from exercising
             (i.e., cardiovascular issues, or muscle/joint issues including painful arthritis) or
             giving blood (e.g., blood thinners).

          6. Are not currently smoking, using smokeless tobacco, nor smoked within the past 12
             months.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. High blood pressure - greater the 150/90 mmHg

          2. Low blood pressure - less than 90/50 mmHg

          3. History of cardiovascular disease

          4. History of cancer

          5. History of diabetes

          6. History of kidney disease

          7. Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2)

          8. Smoking or tobacco use

          9. Current pregnancy

         10. Nursing mothers

         11. Communication barriers
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 19 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment