Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Comparative Study of Strategies for Management of Duchenne Myopathy (DM)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosis of DMD confirmed by electromyogram (EMG) , Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
             level and/ or DNA analysis or muscle biopsy.

          -  Male patients

          -  Age 5-15y.

          -  Ambulatory (loss of ambulation was only seen in those with baseline 6 Minute Walk
             Distance {6MWD} <325 meters.)

          -  No clinical evidence of heart failure.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Female patients

          -  Any injury which may impact functional testing, e.g. upper or lower limb fracture.

          -  hypertension, diabetes,

          -  Wheelchair bound.

          -  Cardiac rhythm disorder, specifically: rhythm other than sinus, supraventricular
             tachycardia (SVT), atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia.or heart failure (left
             ventricle ejection fraction {LVEF < 50%}.

          -  Continuous ventilatory support.

          -  Liver disease (acute, chronic liver disease)

          -  Renal impairment
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 5 Years old.
Subject must be at most 15 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Arthritis Research UK Gout Treatment Trial - Phase 2

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosis of gout

          -  At least one acute attack of gout within previous 12 months

        Exclusion Criteria:

        - Inability to give informed consent and known terminal or mental illness
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 21 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): The patient is a 38-year-old man with cough and body ache that started 3 days ago.  He had fever and chills at the beginning and has low grade fever at the time of visit. He feels tired and sleepy. His body ache and myalgia get better after using Tylenol. The PCR test for Covid is positive. His vital signs are within normal limits with a body temperature of 37.9 C. There is no lymphadenopathy or white exudates in the pharynx.

Patient's own account: I was feeling really sick the other day, to the point that I showed up at the doctor's office. I was coughing, and my body was hurting for 3 days. I had a fever and chills and felt tired and sleepy. I got better after using Tylenol. They did a PCR Covid test on me, and it was positive! My vitals were normal, and my temperature was 37.9 C. I had no swelling around my neck or white spots on the back of my throat.

Clinical trial: The LAVA (Lateral Flow Antigen Validation and Applicability) Study for COVID-19

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Children aged 0 - <18 years undergoing combined nose and throat swabbing for an
             elective diagnostic or surgical procedure.

          2. Children aged 0 - <18 years undergoing combined nose and throat swabbing on admission
             to hospital when there is a differential diagnosis of COVID-19.

          3. Children aged 0 - <18 years undergoing routine combined nose and throat swabbing
             during a stay on the intensive care unit, the high dependency unit or a transplant
             ward.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        None
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.

Subject must be at most 17 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Analgesic Efficacy of Trans-muscular Quadratus Lumborum Block After Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  ASA physical status I or II, scheduled for unilateral inguinal hernia repair

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with systemic hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular
             insufficiency, coagulation abnormities, renal or hepatic insufficiency, infection at
             the injection site, strangulated hernia and hypersensitivity to the local anesthetics
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): The patient is a 38-year-old man with cough and body ache that started 3 days ago.  He had fever and chills at the beginning and has low grade fever at the time of visit. He feels tired and sleepy. His body ache and myalgia get better after using Tylenol. The PCR test for Covid is positive. His vital signs are within normal limits with a body temperature of 37.9 C. There is no lymphadenopathy or white exudates in the pharynx.

Patient's own account: I was feeling really sick the other day, to the point that I showed up at the doctor's office. I was coughing, and my body was hurting for 3 days. I had a fever and chills and felt tired and sleepy. I got better after using Tylenol. They did a PCR Covid test on me, and it was positive! My vitals were normal, and my temperature was 37.9 C. I had no swelling around my neck or white spots on the back of my throat.

Clinical trial: A Safety and Efficacy Study of Human Monoclonal Antibodies, BRII-196 and BRII-198 for the Treatment of Patients With COVID-19

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Subject ≥ 18 years, signing the informed consent.

          -  SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR ≤ 7 days

          -  One or more of COVID-19 related symptoms or measured fever present within 48 hours
             prior to study entry (subjects with mild-moderate COVID-19)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Recurring COVID-19 patients.

          -  Subjects with any unstable conditions, a history of significant hypersensitivity, or
             known allergy to components of the investigational agent

          -  Receipt of convalescent COVID-19 plasma, SARS-CoV-2 mAb treatment, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine,
             or other investigational treatments prior to study entry.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Comparison of Two Different Approaches in the Surgical Treatment of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Adults over 18 years of age,

          -  Diagnosis of tubal ectopic pregnancy

          -  Patient's preference to undergo salpingectomy

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with contraindication to endoscopic surgery

          -  Refusal to sign informed consent.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the office due to weight gain and fatigue.  He is not able to lift heavy objects or climb stairs. Family history is positive for DM type 2 and HTN in his father.  Blood pressure is 165/90 mm Hg and pulse is 85/min.  On physical examination, there is symmetric proximal muscle weakness of the upper and lower extremities.  Fasting plasma glucose level is 138 mg/dL and 24-hour urinary cortisol is twice the upper normal limit.  Further evaluation reveals that high-dose, but not low-dose, dexamethasone suppresses serum cortisol levels.  Serum ACTH levels are high-normal. This patient's findings are consistent with endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old man. I went to the clinic because I had been gaining weight and had increased fatigue over the past few weeks. I was not able to lift heavy objects or even climb the stairs. My dad was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. During the exam, they took my blood pressure, which was 165/90 mm Hg, and my pulse was 85/min. They found out that I have weaknesses in both of my arms and legs. I also did a blood test on an empty stomach, and I had a glucose level of 138 mg/dL, and twice the upper normal limit of cortisol. I had high-normal levels of ACTH. The doctor said I suffer from endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Clinical trial: Endocrine Cardiomyopathy in Cushing Syndrome: Response to Cyclic GMP PDE5 inhibitOrs

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  age>18 yrs;

          -  patients (men and women) with previous diagnosis of Cushing Syndrome (CS), surgically
             and/or clinically treated according to current guidelines, with stable parameters of
             CS disease in the last 3 months, and with concomitant cardiac hypertrophy and/or
             diastolic dysfunction developed independently of CS care and detected by 2D
             echocardiography;

          -  urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels in the normal range for sex and age;

          -  normal blood pressure or controlled hypertension

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  use of thiazolidinediones, or spironolactone; nitrates, doxazosin, terazosin e
             prazosin;

          -  current use of PDE5 inhibitors or previous (wash out of two months at least);

          -  congenital or valvular cardiomyopathy;

          -  recent ischemic heart disease or revascularization after a myocardial infarction (MI);

          -  contraindications to tadalafil use (hypersensitivity to tadalafil, nitrates use,
             severe cardiovascular disorders such as unstable angina or severe heart failure,
             severe hepatic impairment, blood pressure <90/50 mmHg, recent history of stroke or
             myocardial infarction and known hereditary degenerative retinal disorders such as
             retinitis pigmentosa);

          -  contraindications to CMR.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: Dysphagia in Elderly Medical Patients

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  > 65 years

          -  needs > 2 days of hospitalization

          -  are able to give personal information regarding self, place and time

          -  are alert > 30 minutes

          -  are able to maintain an upright seating position and head control

          -  are able to swallow saliva spontaneously and on command

          -  are able to voluntary cough or clear the throat twice

          -  working knowledge of the Danish language

          -  consent to participate and able to give written informed consent.

        Exclusion criteria:

          -  needs oral/pharyngeal suctioning

          -  use of tube feeding for more than half of the caloric requirements

          -  tracheostomy

          -  terminally ill
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 65 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Collection of Malignant Ascites, Pleural Fluid, and Blood From People With Solid Tumors

Eligibility criteria:
-  INCLUSION CRITERIA:

          -  Participants greater than or equal to 18 years of age with histologically proven
             malignant solid tumors

          -  Ability and willingness to provide informed consent to participation.

          -  Participants with malignant solid tumors with a clinical indication for a
             thoracentesis or paracentesis.

        EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

        -Children < 18 years of age are not eligible.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Diagnostic Efficacy of Narrow Band Imaging in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Symptomatic reflux subjects who receive esophagogastroscopy, aged from 20 to 70 years
             old.

          2. Patients with typical reflux symptoms (heartburn and/or acid regurgitation) at least 3
             times per week in recent 4 months.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Symptomatic reflux patients with apparent erosive esophagitis in conventional
             endoscopy.

          2. Symptomatic reflux patients with a history of using PPI in recent 4 months.

          3. Subjects with known allergy to PPI.

          4. Peptic ulcer disease

          5. Cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

          6. Esophageal varices.

          7. Active upper gastrointestinal bleeding within 7 days prior to enrollment

          8. Status after total or subtotal gastrectomy

          9. Use of anticoagulants or antiplatelets within one week prior to enrollment

         10. Subjects with bleeding tendency
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Chromosomal and Morphological Structure of Mature and Immature Male Germ Cells and Recognition of IL-18 in Testicular Tissue of Azoospermic Men

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Non-obstructive azoospermic patients

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Obstructive azoospermia
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 22 Years old.
Subject must be at most 39 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction