Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Ketorolac Versus Triamcinolone Knee Injections for Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Subject must be at least 18 years of age and no older than 90 years of age; of either
             gender

          -  Radiographic evidence of symptomatic osteoarthritis in one or bilateral knees.
             Osteoarthritis will be defined as pain with weight-bearing at the tibiofemoral and/or
             patellofemoral articulation together with radiographic findings as described below.

        At the painful articulation, radiographic evidence of Kellgren-Lawrence

          -  Grade 2: definite osteophytes and possible narrowing of joint cartilage associated
             with sclerosis of subchondral bone or,

          -  Grade 3: moderate multiple osteophytes, definite narrowing of the joint space, small
             pseudocystic areas with sclerotic walls in the subchondral bone, possible deformity of
             bone ends or,

          -  Grade 4: large osteophytes, marked narrowing of joint space, severe sclerosis and
             altered shape of the bone ends.

        Subject agrees to participate in follow-up evaluations and complete outcome score sheets
        (post-injection, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Any inflammatory or neuropathic arthropathy

          -  Insufficiency of the collateral ligaments or cruciate ligaments

          -  Current infection

          -  Recent injection (<3 months)

          -  Pregnant/lactating (β-human chorionic gonadotropin pregnancy test will be completed
             prior to injection)

          -  Allergy or hypersensitivity to the study medications

          -  Currently taking any anti-coagulation medications

          -  Subject is unable to make his/her own decision regarding the informed consent

          -  Subject is unable to read/understand English
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 90 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment