Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 7-month-old boy is brought to emergency by his parents due to irritability and inability to defecate for the past 3 days.  The patient has had constipation and discomfort with bowel movements since birth.  His symptoms worsened after eating semi-solid foods.  Vital signs are normal.  Abdominal examination shows distension and tenderness to palpation with presence of bowel sounds.  Xray with barium shows a narrow rectum and rectosigmoid area.  The rest of the colon proximal to this segment is dilated. Digital rectal exam revealed burst of feces out of the anus. The biopsy showed absence of submucosal ganglia in the last segment of the large intestine.

Patient's own account: My baby boy just turned 7 months old but my wife and I cannot get a hold of him! He has not been able to poop for 3 days! My poor little thing has been having constipation and bowel problems since birth. But since he ate some semi-solid food it has just been worse! The doctor said his vitals are normal but his belly is tense and tender with his bowels making noise. They did an X-ray and found out that he had a narrow rectum. His colon is dilated. They also performed a touch rectal exam and he could finally poop! The biopsy revealed that there is no submucosal ganglia in his large intestine.

Clinical trial: Hirschsprung Disease Genetic Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        - Individuals with Hirschsprung disease and their first degree relatives (any segment
        length of disease, with or without other congenital anomalies or health problems, single or
        multiple affected individuals in family)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Unable or unwilling to provide sample for genetic studies

          -  Individual, parent, or guardian unable to comprehend and provide informed consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Subject must be at most 100 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: Effect of Hericium Erinaceus on Clinical Patients With Hearing Impairment

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients aged 50 to 79 years old with symmetric sensorineural hearing loss, subjective
             sensorineural tinnitus, and all frequencies differed of ears less than 15 dB.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with abnormal liver and kidney function, normal hearing, severe and very
             severe hearing loss, no tinnitus or non-subjective sensorineural tinnitus, moderate or
             more cognitive impairment , patients unable to understand the details of this study or
             patients unable to co-examine, history of alcohol or drug abuse, history of high
             ambient noise exposure, bone tone air gap of pure tone hearing threshold greater than
             10 dB, and audiogram 4 kHz air conduction threshold greater than 8 kHz, 20 dB airway
             threshold, hearing impairment before age 30, and inability to understand the details
             of this study.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.
Subject must be at most 79 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the clinic for his routine checkup. The patient wears glasses for myopia and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the patient is tall with long upper extremities and fingers.  The face appears narrow with down-slanted palpebral fissures, flattened malar bones, and a small jaw.  The lungs are clear on auscultation.  The abdomen is soft with no organomegaly. The patient is diagnosed with Marfan syndrome, and he is cooperative with his medical appointments. He is working as driver.

Patient's own account: I'm a 20-year-old guy, working as a driver and I went to the clinic for my routine checkup. I have myopia, so I wear glasses and I don't take any other medications. My vitals were normal. I also did a physical exam, and I was told that I have long legs, arms, and fingers. They also told me that my face is quite narrow, with down-slanted eyes and a small jaw. My lungs were fine and my tummy too. I have been diagnosed with Marfan syndrome and I haven't been skipping any medical appointments since.

Clinical trial: A Comparative Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of Sildenafil in Adult Smokers and Non Smokers

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Healthy male subjects

          -  Age 18-55 years.

          -  Ideal weight with ideal body mass index(BMI).

          -  Non-contributory history and normal physiological examination.

          -  Laboratory data within normal limits.

          -  Performance and compliance.

          -  The subjects should be without known history of alcohol or drug abuse problems

          -  Subjects who are cigarette smokers

          -  Subjects who are cannabis smokers

          -  Subjects who are non-smokers

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  A known hypersensitivity to the drug.

          -  Gastrointestinal diseases.

          -  Auto immune diseases.

          -  Renal diseases or dysfunction.

          -  Cardiovascular disease of any type.

          -  Pancreatic disease including diabetes.

          -  Hepatic disease.

          -  Hematological, osteopathic, or pulmonary disease.

          -  History of alcoholism or drug abuse.

          -  Serious Psychological illness.

          -  Positive HIV.

          -  Abnormal (out of range) laboratory values.

          -  Subject who have taken any medication less than two weeks of the trials starting date.

          -  Subject who have donated blood or who have been in multiple dosing studies requiring a
             large volume of blood (more than 500 ml) to be drawn within six weeks preceding the
             start of the trials.
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Video-assisted Hyperthermic Pleural Chemoperfusion vs Talc Pleurodesis for Refractory Malignant Pleural Effusions.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Recurrent symptomatic malignant pleural effusion

          -  No prior intrapleural therapy

          -  Abscence of bronchial obstruction or fibrosis preventing lung reexpansion

          -  No systemic chemotherapy immediately prior to or during the first 30-day interval
             following pleurodesis

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Poor Karnofsky Performance Status
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.

Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 27-year-old woman comes to the dermatology clinic with skin rash and oral ulcers.  The rashes are mildly itchy. The patient has no other medical conditions and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  On examination, there are pink papules symmetrically distributed over the anterior surfaces of the shins and ankles. There are some white ulcerated papules on her buccal mucosa. She is in relationship with her boyfriend and has only one sexual partner. Her boyfriend uses condoms. She smokes 1 to 2 cigarettes a day and drinks a beer daily. Biopsy reveals prominent hyperkeratosis with a thickened granular layer.  There is an infiltration of mononuclear cells in the superficial dermis that involves the overlying epidermis. The rete ridges have a sawtooth appearance.

Patient's own account: I went to the dermatologist because I had rashes on my skin and ulcers in my mouth. The rashes were not that itchy. I don't get it! I'm 27, I don't take medication, nor I don't have any other illnesses. My vitals were normal. My doc told me there were pink spots on the back of my throat. I'm heterosexual and have been only with my boyfriend and he uses condoms. I smoke 1 or 2 cigarettes a day and I drink a beer to accompany it. I had a biopsy and it showed some thick and grainy skin texture. The doc said it's an immune reaction.

Clinical trial: Comparison of Desloratadine Associated With Prednisolone Oral Solution Versus Dexchlorpheniramine Associated With Betamethasone for Cutaneous Rash Treatment

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Consent of the patient or legal guardian;

          -  Clinical diagnosis of acute cutaneous rash defined by the presence of erythematous
             papules on healthy skin, different sizes, itchy and fleeting

          -  Children aged between 2 and 11 years and 11 months (up to 30 kg);

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Participation in clinical trial in 30 days prior to study entry;

          -  Patients with history of hypersensitivity to desloratadine or prednisolone or with
             corticosteroids use contraindications ;

          -  Patients with any clinically significant disease other than cutaneous rash including
             hematopoietic, cardiovascular, renal, neurological, psychiatric or autoimmune
             disorders;

          -  Patients on treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs);

          -  Patients diagnosed with other dermatoses
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 2 Years old.
Subject must be at most 11 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Treatment of Severe Male Infertility - Predictive Factors (Imaging)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  non obstructive azospermia

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  malignancy

          -  contraindication for fertility treatment
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of gritty sensation in her eyes. She also has difficulty swallowing dry foods with no pain or heartburn.  The patient is a schoolteacher and must drink water frequently during lectures due to her mouth dryness.  She also reports occasional joint pain.  Medical history is not significant other than the confirmed Sjogren disease with no other rheumatologic disease.  She is sexually active with her husband and has 2 children both delivered by natural vaginal delivery. She has no history of any kind of surgery. Physical examination shows conjunctival erythema and cracking of the lips. The remainder of the examination and history is normal. Her lab result shows elevated ESR (50 mm/h)

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a terrible gritty sensation in my eyes. It was also hard to swallow dry food, but it didn't burn, and there was no pain. I'm a 40-year-old female school teacher and I should drink water for the lectures because otherwise, my mouth gets really dry. I also have joint pain from time to time. I have been diagnosed with Sjogren disease but no other rheumatologic disease. I have a husband, we're sexually active, and I also have two lovely children that I delivered both naturally. I never undergone any surgery. Physical examination when I came to the clinic, and it showed cracking on my lips and a pink eye. The rest was fine. I also did some lab tests, and they came back with high ESR.

Clinical trial: Comparing the Quality of Topical Autologous Serum in Different Etiologies of Dry Eye Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria

          -  Healthy volunteer control without ophthalmic history

          -  Patients with Primary Sjogren's syndrome: according to the classification of American
             European Consensus Group of rheumatologist and Ophthalmologists,

          -  Patient with Secondary Sjogren's syndrome: Sjogren's syndrome associated with systemic
             lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), rheumatoid arthritis, mixed
             connective tissue disease, inflammatory muscle disease, autoimmune liver disease, and
             autoimmune thyroid disease

          -  Ocular graft versus host disease

          -  Volunteers with dry eye symptoms but not diagnosed with primary Sjogren's syndrome,
             secondary Sjogren's syndrome and ocular graft versus host disease

        Exclusion criteria

          -  Patients who decline to receive the venipuncture for blood sampling.

          -  Patients younger than 20 years old or older than 80 years old.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old girl comes to the clinic due to a left wrist mass.  She noticed swelling on the top of her wrist about 4 months ago and came to the clinic due to cosmetic concerns.  Examination shows a nontender, rounded mass on the dorsal wrist that transilluminates with a penlight. Vital signs are normal. The patient needs to type on her computer almost all day. She is left-handed. She does not smoke or use illicit drugs. She is in sexual relationship with two male partners and uses condoms.

Patient's own account: I'm a 19-year-old girl and I went to see my doctor because of a mass on my left wrist. I noticed a swelling on top of my wrist, like 4 months ago, and I went the first time to the doctor because it was pretty ugly! My wrist was not tender, and the mass was round and let the light go through when the doctor used a penlight. My blood pressure, breathing and temperature were normal. I'm left-handed and I need to be on my PC all day. I don't smoke or do drugs. I'm sexually active and I have 2 male partners but they all use condoms.

Clinical trial: Loop Band Validation Study

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patient has capacity to consent for the study.

          -  Anesthetic plan for an arterial line for vital sign monitoring during their surgical
             procedure.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Active Atrial Fibrillation

          -  Active C-difficile

          -  Amputation of the arm at the wrist or above

          -  The Investigator and/or Clinical Research Nurse will conduct a visual inspection for
             attributes that may diminish device accuracy. These include but are not limited to:
             tattoos over the radial artery, burns or heavy scarring over the radial artery,
             fragile skin, any skin diseases affecting the wrist or arm, Physician discretion-any
             condition deemed inappropriate that will preclude use of the device.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: The Validity of Bone Age Assessment by an Ultrasound Apparatus (SonicBone)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Children aged 4-17 years old

          -  Children who performed or will perform a hand x-ray as part of their clinical work up
             within 2 months from study enrolment

          -  A signed Informed Consent Form that was obtained from at least one parent or legal
             guardian and an audio approval by the other (phone call), if available, prior to
             ultrasound study.

          -  An assent from the child to perform the SonicBone's BA device reading

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Children taking any medication that might change bone metabolism or mineralization
             within the last year (glucocorticosteroids, sex steroids, oral contraceptives,
             anticonvulsants, calcium and vitamin D in superphysiological doses)

          -  Children with suspected bone diseases or multiple fractures.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 4 Years old.
Subject must be at most 17 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Metabolic Effects of Androgenicity in Aging Men and Women

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  males age 60-85 years

          -  non-diabetic fasting glucose and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

          -  overall good general medical health and signed informed consent

          -  willing to travel to West Los Angeles VA and University of California, Los Angeles in
             Los Angeles, California

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  any clinically significant abnormalities detected on screening physical exam or
             laboratory testing (e.g. prostate specific antigen > 4)

          -  or other symptom or history of a significant underlying medical or psychiatric illness

          -  BMI < 20 or > 40

          -  subjects already on testosterone therapy or medications that might influence glucose
             regulation or hormone levels

          -  subjects with a history of deep venous thromboses, pulmonary embolism, breast cancer,
             prostate cancer, polycythemia or other contraindications to estrogen or testosterone
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 60 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction