Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Very Early Medical Abortion

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Women 18 years old or above opting for medical abortion with a pregnancy estimated by
             gynaecological history and Last Menstrual Period (LMP - if known) to be less than 6
             weeks

          2. No signs of ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage or other pathological pregnancy

          3. Transvaginal ultrasound (part of the clinical protocol at the abortion visit) shows no
             confirmed Intrauterine Pregnancy (IUP see definitions below)

          4. Willing and able to return to the clinic for possible delayed treatment and at 1 to 2
             weeks after the start of treatment for follow up

          5. Capable of giving their informed consent to participate.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Women with visible (confirmed) IUP

          2. Women with contraindications to medical abortion including diagnosed pathological
             pregnancy at the initial examination.

          3. Inability to give informed consent.

        The following definitions will be used according to the consensus statement on
        nomenclature, definitions and outcomes in pregnancy of unknown location (Barnhart et al,
        Fertil Steril. 2011;95:857-66):

          1. Confirmed IUP: Ultrasound shows an intrauterine yolk sac or fetal structure with or
             without cardiac echo.

          2. Not confirmed IUP: This group includes cases where:

               1. ultrasound shows an empty uterine cavity (frequently referred to as PUL:
                  Pregnancy of Unknown Location) or

               2. ultrasound shows a gestational sac, or sac like structure, but without a yolk
                  sac.
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 16 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old male came to clinic with some sexual concern.  He recently engaged in a relationship and is worried about the satisfaction of his girlfriend. He has a "baby face" according to his girlfriend's statement and he is not as muscular as his classmates.  On physical examination, there is some pubic hair and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. He is unable to detect coffee smell during the examination, but the visual acuity is normal. Ultrasound reveals the testes volume of 1-2 ml. The hormonal evaluation showed serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low levels of GnRH.

Patient's own account: I'm 19 years old guy and I just went to see a doctor at the clinic after I just got with my girlfriend. I'm kinda worried because she thinks that I have a baby face and to be honest, I'm way less muscular than my classmates. I don't have much hair down there, and yes, I don't have that macho look. The doctor made me smell some coffee and I couldn't smell anything special. I also had some eyesight checkups and the doctor told me everything was normal. I got my test results back and it says: testes volume is 1-2 ml and serum testosterone level of 65 ng/dL with low GnRH levels.

Clinical trial: Oral Androgens in Man-3 (ORAL T-3) Pharmacokinetics of Oral Testosterone

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Male 18-50 yrs old

          -  In good general health based on normal screening evaluation (consisting of medical
             history, physical exam, normal serum chemistry, hematology, and baseline hormone
             levels)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Poor general health, with abnormal blood results at screening

          -  A known history of alcohol or drug abuse

          -  Participation in a long-term male contraceptive study within three months of screening
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 15-week-old infant brought to the clinic for the follow up. The infant has flat facies, small ears, a single palmar crease, and upward slanting eyes. He was born on 39th week to a 39-year-old woman who didn't have prenatal care. The medical record confirms the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Down syndrome). The infant is otherwise healthy.

Patient's own account: My newborn, who is only 15 weeks old, had one of his follow-up appointments. The doctor pointed out that my baby had a flat face, small ears, only one palm line, and small eyes. He was born on his 39th week, while I was 39. What a coincidence! To be honest, I did not go to the doctor during my pregnancy. The doctor diagnosed my baby with Down syndrome. Apart from that he's healthy.

Clinical trial: Movement Enhancing Device for Children

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        • Infants will be invited to participate if they are between 1 month and 6 years and:

          -  Were born < 36 weeks of gestational age with periventricular leukomalacia or grade III
             or IV intraventricular hemorrhage

          -  Were born > 36 weeks of gestational age with encephalopathy related to perinatal
             asphyxia

          -  Have the diagnosis of neonatal stroke or intracranial hemorrhage

          -  Have brachial plexus palsy

          -  Have arthrogryposis multiplex congenital

          -  Have Down syndrome

          -  Have congenital hypotonia

        Exclusion Criteria:

        • blindness or severe sensory motor impairments that would prohibit the child from
        completing the study assessment.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 1 Month old.
Subject must be at most 6 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Comparison of the Effect of Propacetamol, Ibuprofen or Their Combination on Postoperative Pain and Quality of Recovery After Laparoscopic Hernia Repair in Children

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  scheduled to undergo laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery

          -  American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification 1 or 2

          -  Children aged 6 months to 6 years

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  history of Gastrointestinal bleeding

          -  history or laboratory finding of suspected renal or hepatic dysfunction

          -  bronchial asthma

          -  bleeding disorder

          -  hypersensitivity to NSAID or propacetamol

          -  disagreement of investigation

          -  The researcher determines that participation is inappropriate due to other reasons.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 6 Months old.
Subject must be at most 6 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): The patient is a 38-year-old man with cough and body ache that started 3 days ago.  He had fever and chills at the beginning and has low grade fever at the time of visit. He feels tired and sleepy. His body ache and myalgia get better after using Tylenol. The PCR test for Covid is positive. His vital signs are within normal limits with a body temperature of 37.9 C. There is no lymphadenopathy or white exudates in the pharynx.

Patient's own account: I was feeling really sick the other day, to the point that I showed up at the doctor's office. I was coughing, and my body was hurting for 3 days. I had a fever and chills and felt tired and sleepy. I got better after using Tylenol. They did a PCR Covid test on me, and it was positive! My vitals were normal, and my temperature was 37.9 C. I had no swelling around my neck or white spots on the back of my throat.

Clinical trial: Risk of Infection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, in a Massive Musical Show With Transmission Prevention Measures

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Adults (age 18-59 years) with interest to attend the scheduled musical event who agree
             to participate in the study after signing the informed consent, including explicit
             acceptance of the measures implemented to reduce the risk of transmission of
             SARS-CoV-2.

          -  Negative antigen test performed up to 24 h before the event, in nasopharyngeal swab.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Hypertension

          -  Diabetes Mellitus.

          -  Ischemic heart disease.

          -  Any type of Cancer in active treatment.

          -  Chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.

          -  Have a positive test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by the rapid antigen test

          -  Who have a body temperature higher than 37.0º on the same day of the event

          -  Who have a confirmed diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 in the two weeks prior to the event

          -  Report any symptoms suggestive of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in the 10 days prior to the
             study

          -  Who have been in contact with a person with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2
             infection within two weeks prior to the event.

          -  Living with a person over 70 years of age (inclusive).
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 59 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the clinic for the follow up of his neuromuscular disease. He experienced gradual, progressive weakness of the left upper extremity over the last year.  Over the last few months, he has also noticed weakness in the right upper extremity.  BP is 120/75, PR is 80 and temperature is 37 C. Reflexes are brisk in the upper extremities, and the plantar responses are extensor.  Mild gait ataxia is present. The patient is under treatment of Riluzole 50 mg BID with the diagnosis of ALS.

Patient's own account: I've been suffering from a neuromuscular disease for a while now, and I went to my doctor's office. I'm now a 47-year-old man and over the past year I experienced a progressive and gradual weakness of my left upper extremity, and over the past month, I also noticed a weakness over my right upper extremity. My heart rate was 120/75, and my  PR was 80 with 37°C for temperature. My reflexes are not good in my upper extremities, and I have trouble with my balance. I'm also under Exservan 50 mg for my sclerosis.

Clinical trial: Placebo Controlled Study of ONO2506PO in the Presence of Riluzole in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Diagnosis of clinically possible, clinically probable laboratory-supported, clinically
             probable or clinically definite ALS (according to WNF EL Escorial diagnostic criteria,
             revised according to the Airlie House Conference 1998)

          2. Onset of muscle weakness within 14 months randomization

          3. Concomitant standard Riluzole therapy (50mg twice daily)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Presence of a tracheotomy, mechanical ventilation or non-invasive ventilation

          2. Requirement for prescription drugs used for potential neuroprotective benefit -
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 74 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: Strategies for Patients With Osteoarthritis, by Using Assistive Technology and Exercises.

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Kellgreen and Lawrence (KL) classification for I to III or painful IV osteoarthritis
             (with the use of orthoses for analgesia, in this case).

          -  Capacity to understand and agree to the consent form and questionnaires and
             evaluations.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients who had undergone previous non-medical therapeutic treatment for OA of the
             hands;

          -  Who had undergone some surgical procedure in the region or were involved in another
             clinical trial;

          -  Patients with rheumatoid arthritis or other rheumatologic disease, any neurological
             problems.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Double Push Acoustic Radiation Force (DP ARF) Ultrasound for Monitoring Degeneration in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinical diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy with clinical onset by age 5

          -  Ability to stand, alone or with assistance, at time of enrollment

          -  Ability to communicate with pertinent staff

          -  Ability to understand and comply with study requirements

          -  Ability to give informed consent.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Confirmed diagnosis of other muscle disease

          -  Previous compartment syndrome

          -  Previous injury to selected limbs

          -  Previous vascular surgery to selected limbs

          -  History of a compressive neuropathy (e.g., sciatic, femoral or tibial palsy in leg)

          -  History of rhabdomyolysis
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 5 Years old.
Subject must be at most 13 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Measuring hCG Levels in Pregnant Women

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Intrauterine pregnancy <= 70 days' gestation

          -  Be in general good health

          -  English speaking competency

          -  Be willing and able to sign consent forms

          -  Agree to comply with the study procedures, including returning for three study visits
             that each involve a blood draw and urine pregnancy test for measuring hCG

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Women less than 18 years of age.

          -  Any women not meeting the inclusion criteria listed above will be excluded from
             participating in the trial.
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease :Quantification of White Matter Micro-structural Changes

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. cognitive complaints with interference in complex occupational and social activities.

          2. changes in cognition reported by the patient ,informant or clinician.

          3. absence of profound sub-cortical ischemic changes.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. state of delirium

          2. stroke event within 2 weeks

          3. appearance of cortical and /cortico-subcortical non -lacunar territorial infarcts and
             watershed infarcts ,hemorrhage ,signs of normal pressure hydrocephalus ,and specific
             causes of white matter lesions (e.g. multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, brain
             irradiation)

          4. derangements in serology tests contributing to cognitive impairment (e.g. abnormal
             levels of free T4 or rapid plasma reagin.

          5. severe hearing or visual impairment.

          6. cases of severe dementia.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 60 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment