Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Diffusion Tensor Weighted MRI in Alzheimer's Disease Modifying Treatment Effects of Galantamine (Reminyl®)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  male of female patients aged ≥ 55years, fulfilling criteria of the National Institute
             of Neurological and Communicative Disease and Stroke (NINCDS) and the Alzheimer's
             Disease and Related Disorders Association (ADRDA) for the diagnosis of clinically
             probable AD

          -  MMSE score > 16

          -  no evidence for other psychiatric axis I disorders according to DSM- IV criteria

          -  no evidence for cerebrovascular disease (radiological confirmed), cardiac or cerebral
             infarct (three months before the study), thyroid disease and other neurodegenerative
             or neuroinflammatory disorders. No evidence for acute or unstable medical condition.

          -  no risk factors of hypertension, cardiac disease (e.g. angina pectoris, congestive
             heart failure, right bundle branch block, or arrhythmias), diabetes mellitus (stable
             within 3 months)

          -  no history of drug/alcohol abuse

          -  no history of panic attacks or claustrophobia (due to requirements of the MRI
             examinination)

          -  no surgical implants or non-fixed metallic particles

          -  patient has not taken a previously approved cholinesterase inhibitor or memantine,
             which has been discontinued at least 6 weeks prior to the Screening

          -  patient is able to provide written Informed Consent to participate study. If, at
             investigator's discretion, a patient is considered not to be capable to give legal
             consent, then written consent must also be obtained from the patient's legally
             acceptable representative.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  no evidence of memory or other cognitive impairments, verified by clinical history and
             cognitive testing

          -  previous or current history of degenerative or ischemic disorders of the peripheral or
             central nervous system

          -  previous or current history of systemic disorders

          -  no ability to participate and no willing to give informed consent and comply with the
             study restrictions

          -  MMSE score < 16 range
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 55 Years old.
Subject must be at most 95 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction