Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Assessing the Efficacy of Clomiphene Citrate in Patients With Azoospermia and Hypoandrogenism

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients over 18 years old.

          -  Man seeking fertility treatment.

          -  Azoospermia confirmed in at least 2 semen analyses with centrifugation.

          -  Testosterone <300 ng/dL and Bioavailable Testosterone<156 ng/dL.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Presence of genetic disorders: Y chromosome deletions or abnormal karyotypes.

          -  Luteinizing hormone (LH) >25 IU/mL.

          -  Estradiol > 40 ng/dL.

          -  Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (LH <2 IU/mL and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) <1
             IU/mL).

          -  Obstructive azoospermia (FSH <7.6 IU/mL plus testicle longitudinally axis >4.6 cm or
             bilateral absence of vas deferens or surgical history of vasectomy).

          -  Clinical varicocele (palpable or visible in physical exam)

          -  Previous history of cryptorchidism.

          -  Use of chemotherapy, testosterone, or anti-androgen in the last two years. Partner >40
             years or female factor infertility associated.

          -  Contraindications to clomiphene use: depression, heart and liver impairment,
             uncontrolled thyroid/adrenal dysfunction, organic intracranial lesions.
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: Imaging of Arthropathy in Boys With Hemophilia in China

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Hemophilia A with baseline FVIII levels of <2%

          -  Clinical history of ≥ 50 exposure days to FVIII prior to the study start.

          -  On-demand treatment, prophylaxis FVIII infusions or treatment with plasma-derived
             products for >3 months prior to enrollment into the study.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  History of FVIII inhibitor (titer >0.6 Bethesda Units [BU])

          -  Chronic renal failure (serum creatinine >2.0 mg /dL).

          -  Chronic liver disease (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] >200 U/L).

          -  Clinically documented immunodeficiency.

          -  Anticipation of need for major surgery during the study period.

          -  Association of diseases known to mimic or cause joint diseases such as symptomatic
             human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and
             metabolic bone diseases.

          -  Social barriers for participation in the study such as long distance between home and
             the comprehensive care centre, and documented track record of non-compliance to
             therapies or participation in clinical studies.

          -  Neuro-developmental/behavioral problems.

          -  Contraindications to MR imaging (presence of heart pacemakers, metallic foreign bodies
             in the eye, aneurysm clips, severe claustrophobia).
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 4 Years old.
Subject must be at most 11 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Comparison the Level of CTGF Protein and Related Cytokine in Pleural Effusion

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        - patients with pleural effusion

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  HIV infection
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old man comes to the clinic with slowly worsening vision in both eyes.  He is not able to drive at night, as the symptoms are worse at night. His pupils are normal in diameter both in the light and darkness. Other medical history is unremarkable.  Ocular examination shows loss of the red reflex and blurry vision.  Acuity testing shows 50/100 vision in both eyes with normal visual field testing. His blood pressure is 130/70 and pulse is 68/min. the other physical examinations are normal.

Patient's own account: I am a 67 years-old man, and I haven't been able to drive at night due to my vision getting worse. My vision is not the best in general, but night makes it even worse. The ophthalmologist told me that my pupils were normal. However, I have slow reflexes and blurry vision. My acuity test came back with 50/100 vision in both of my eyes. They also took my blood pressure, which was 130/70 with a 68 pulse. My other exams came back just fine.

Clinical trial: A Web-based Digital Distance Visual Acuity Test

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients of our outpatient ophthalmology clinic

          -  Age between 18 to 75 years

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Dyslexia

          -  Attention-deficiency

          -  Former diagnosis of mental and/or psychiatric diseases

          -  Inability to cooperate
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.

Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Ultra Structure Of Peritoneum At Electronic Microscopy In Control Subjects And Patients With Gastric Cancer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  patients with operable local gastric adenocarcinoma

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  previous abdominal surgery

          -  previous open or blunt abdominal trauma

          -  history of inflammatory bowel disease or Typhoid Fever, Gallstone disease,
             chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or any other abdominal condition that could alter
             peritoneal integrity.

          -  All other gastric malignancies such as lymphomas, GIST, carcinoids
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Urea and Creatinine Level in Vaginal Fluid as a Predicator for Length of Latency Period in Prelabour Membranes Rupture

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Maternal age between 20-35 years.

          2. 32-35 weeks gestational age.

          3. Viable fetus.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Vaginal bleeding either spontaneous or traumatic e.g. placenta previa.

          2. Chorioamnionitis.

          3. Multiple pregnancy.

          4. Presence of uterine contractions.

          5. Amniotic fluid disorders e.g. polyhydramnios

          6. Meconium stained amniotic fluid prior to active phase of labor.

          7. Maternal disease necessitating termination of pregnancy e.g. severe preeclampsia
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 35 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: Very Small Embryonic-like Stem Cells for Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients had moderate to severe osteoarthritis of both knees.

          -  Those had mechanical pain of knee joints, which was aggravated by walking or stair
             climbing.

          -  Those complained of gelling pain of knee joint.

          -  Those have crepitus and limitation of the joint range of motion with joint bony
             hypertrophy on physical examination, X-rays showed narrowing of joint space and
             osteophyte formation

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Diabetic foot and patients with obvious edema in the legs caused by various causes

          -  Blood disease patients, thrombocytopenia or dysfunction, hypofibrinemia or
             anticoagulant therapy, long-term use of aspirin
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: 3D vs 2D HD Laparoscopy in Inguinal Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients scheduled for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Some other surgical operation planned during TAPP

          -  Expected major risk of conversion (e.g. multiple previous abdominal operation,
             previous peritonitis)

          -  Operating surgeon experience less than 5 3D laparoscopy operations
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 33-year-old woman comes to clinic complaining of progressive fatigue, decreased appetite, and 11-lb weight loss in the past 2 months.  She uses levothyroxine because of the previously diagnosed Hashimoto disease. She has no other medical conditions and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Physical examination shows a generalized increase in pigmentation of the skin.  Measurement of serum cortisol before and after administration of exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) shows no difference in the levels. Stable glucocorticoid replacement therapy starts for her with the diagnosis for primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I was really suffering from fatigue and decreased appetite and I also lost 11 pounds over the past two months. I'm just 33 years old so that's not normal, especially for a woman. I take levothyroxine because I have been diagnosed with Hashimoto disease. I don't have any other medical condition, and I don't smoke I don't drink, and I don't do drugs. They also did my physical examination and they saw that I had an increase in pigmentation of my skin. They measured my cortisol level before and after giving me some ACTH hormone, and the results came back with no difference whatsoever. The doctor told me I have Addison disease and put me under glucocorticoid therapy.

Clinical trial: Dose Response Relationship for Single Doses of Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) in Normal Volunteers and in Patients With Adrenal Insufficiency

Eligibility criteria:
INCLUSION CRITERIA:

        The normal volunteers are obtained through the NIH volunteer program or are NIH employees.
        Normal volunteers are in excellent health and are receiving no chronic medications.

        We now routinely test patients with hypocortisolism or hypercortisolism in our clinic and
        ward.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Neuro-muscular Exercise Training Verses Quadriceps Training in Mild to Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  UL/BL knee OA,

          -  Age 40-65, both genders,

          -  American college of rheumatology criteria for knee OA,

          -  Grade 2 or 3 on Kellgren/Lawrence classification for Knee OA.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Knee surgery

          -  Rheumatoid arthritis

          -  Any neurological condition affecting lower limbs and balance

          -  Use of assistive devices for walking.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: Acute Effects of Vinyasa Yoga on Vascular Function

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Having normal (systolic blood pressure <120 mm Hg with a diastolic <80 mm Hg) or
             elevated blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 120-129 mm Hg) or stage 1
             hypertension (systolic blood pressure 130-139 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure
             80-89 mm Hg).

          -  Must have had at least 3 months of prior yoga experience.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  A history of cardiovascular disease or cardiac events, pregnancy, infection within the
             last 4 weeks, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), endocrine or renal
             disease, metabolic disorders, or debilitating muscular, joint and bone injury.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment