Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 57-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to constipation.  His last bowel movement was 2 days ago. He complains of spending about 30 minutes once attempting to defecate. He also has lower back pain.  There is no history of trauma. The pain is not relieved with over-the-counter pain medications.  His vital signs are within normal limits.  Examination shows low back pain that is worse with back flexion and raising of the legs; it radiates into his left leg.  Pinprick in the perianal area does not cause rapid contraction of the anal sphincter.  The rest of the neurologic examination is normal. He is suspected of Cauda Equina syndrome and referred to a spinal MRI.

Patient's own account: I'm a 57 year-old-man, and I had to go to the ER because I couldn't go defecate. My last trip to the toilet was 2 days ago, and I tried too many times, during 30 min, to get my poop to get out. I also have terrible lower back pain. The doctor did not notice any trauma. I tried to get the pain away using over-the-counter medications, but it simply did not work! Back in the ER my vitals were normal. My pain was even more intense with back flexion, and when I raised my legs, it radiated into my left leg. The doctor did an anus exam where he had to pinch it and it was not reacting! However the rest of my neurologic exam was normal. The doctor suspects a Cauda Equina syndrome and referred me to a spinal MRI.

Clinical trial: Diagnostic Screening Tool for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Able to read and write Danish

          -  Age above 50

          -  Low back pain and/or leg pain

        Exclusion Criteria:

        • None
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Longitudinal Study of Children With a Chronic Cough and the Impact of Gastroesophageal Reflux

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Children 2-18 years of age

          2. Male and female children

          3. Children of any race or ethnicity

          4. Cough lasting longer than three weeks* * If a child has been placed on PPI or other
             antacid therapy for presumed but not documented extra-esophageal manifestations of
             GER, then these children will stop taking their antacid therapy after recruitment for
             the two-week interval between recruitment and the endoscopy, as is the standard
             protocol at MEEI to allow time for adequate "wash-out" prior to endoscopy and pH probe
             placement.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. The presence of a chronic respiratory, neurological or gastrointestinal disease and/or
             anomaly

          2. An abnormal barium swallow study indicating vascular compression

          3. Allergy with respiratory component,

          4. Gross erosive esophagitis defined by EGD findings where patients will automatically be
             placed on PPI therapy without randomization
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 2 Years old.
Subject must be at most 18 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 43-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 3, comes to the clinic complaining of recently painful menstrual cycles.  The patient's last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. Urine β-hCG is negative. Menarche was at age 12, and menstrual periods occur every 28 days and lasts for 5 days.  She is sexually active with her husband and does not have pain with intercourse. BMI is 23 kg/m2 and Vital signs are normal.  On physical examination, the uterus is uniformly enlarged and tender. She is candidate for hysterectomy with the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Patient's own account: I'm 43, and I paid a visit to my doctor because my last few periods were insanely painful. My last periods were 2 weeks ago. I already had three pregnancies that gave me the three lovely children. I did a urine test to check for potential pregnancy, and it came back negative. I started to have my periods at the age of 12, and I have been pretty regular with periods every 28 days for 5 days. I'm sexually active with my husband and I do not have any pain when we have sex. My BMI is 23 and my vitals were normal. The doctor performed a physical exam and found that my uterus was tender and enlarged. She proposed me a hysterectomy and diagnosed me with adenomyosis.

Clinical trial: Same Day Discharge vs. Overnight Stay After Hysterectomy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Myomectomy or hysterectomy planned for a benign gynecologic reason. (This means that
             there is no evidence of, or concern for, malignancy in the cervix, uterus, tubes or
             ovaries. Benign gynecologic reasons to have a hysterectomy include fibroids, abnormal
             uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and pelvic pain.)

          -  Patient is scheduled to have surgery with one of the minimally invasive gynecologic
             surgeons at GWUH. (Dr. Moawad, Dr. Marfori, Dr. Abi Khalil or Dr. Vargas)

          -  Patient is planned for a robotic assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy (RA-TLH), a
             total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), a robotic assisted laparoscopic myomectomy
             (RA-myomectomy) or a laparoscopic myomectomy.

          -  Patient is capable of informed consent.

          -  Patient is capable of completing the questionnaires.

          -  Patient must be between 18 and 65 years of age.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Myomectomy or hysterectomy is indicated for malignancy.

          -  Procedure is anything other than RA-TLH, TLH, RA-myomectomy or a laparoscopic
             myomectomy.

          -  Surgeon is not one of the minimally invasive surgeons at GWUH.

          -  Surgery is scheduled for a hospital other than GWUH.

          -  Patient is less than 18 years of age or greater than 65.

          -  Patient is not capable of informed consent.
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: HemosprayTM for Gastrointestinal Bleeding From Cancer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Acute upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding

          -  Endoscopy shows actively bleeding at index endoscopy (spurting or oozing)

          -  Bleeding from malignancy

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Less than 18 years old

          -  Previously included in the trial

          -  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 3 or 4

          -  Pregnancy/lactation

          -  Bleeding from GI sources suspected of not being malignant
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 67-year-old woman comes to the clinic due to recent episode of choking, dysphagia, and cough.  Her other medical problems include hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis.  She does not smoke or use alcohol. She lives with her husband and she is able to do her own daily activities. She used to teach elementary school. Blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg.  The patient's breath smells bad. Other physical examinations are normal.  A barium swallow study reveals an abnormality in the upper esophagus with an outpouching at the junction of the lower part of the throat and the upper portion of the esophagus.

Patient's own account: I'm a 67-year-old lady, and I went to the clinic due to nonstop choking, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. I also suffer from hypertension, cholesterol, and osteoarthritis. I do not smoke or drink alcohol. I live with my husband, and we are independent retired elementary school teachers. During the exam, my blood pressure was 135/80 mm Hg. The doctor told me I had a smelly breath. How embarrassing! The rest of my physical exam was normal. I did a barium swallow test, which is an X-ray of my throat, which revealed a problem in the upper part of my esophagus, where there's a small pouch or bulge at the spot where my throat meets the esophagus.

Clinical trial: Efficacy and Safety of Fluvastatin or Valsartan and Their Combination in Dyslipidemic Patients With Hypertension and Endothelial Dysfunction

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Arterial hypertension

          -  Dyslipidemia

          -  Cholesterol lowering diet

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Constant antihypertensive treatment

          -  Diabetes mellitus

          -  Myocardial infarction or stroke in the previous 3 months

        Other inclusion and exclusion criteria may apply
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 30 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a history of nosebleeds lasting for 1 hour. She has a history of heavy menses as well as occasional gum bleeding following dental procedures. Her mother also has a history of menorrhagia. Laboratory tests reveal increased bleeding time and slightly increased partial thromboplastin time. She has no other medical conditions and is otherwise healthy. Her coagulation study shows CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL. She is not smoking or using any kind of illicit drugs. She uses alcohol occasionally and is in ra elationship with her boyfriend for the past 2 years.

Patient's own account: I had to rush to the ER because of a non-stop nosebleed that had been on for 1 hour. As a 23-year-old, I always had heavy periods, and sometimes, my gums would bleed after going to the dentist or brushing my teeth. I thought that it was not very alarming since my mom also had heavy periods. I did some lab tests that showed that I had increased bleeding time and long clotting time. Otherwise, I'm pretty healthy, and I don't smoke or take any kind of drugs. I drink only at parties from time to time. I have been with my boyfriend for the last 2 years. I did a coagulation study and I got the following results: CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL.

Clinical trial: Intranasal TXA for Anterior Epistaxis in the Emergency Department

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

        • Patients 18 years and older with anterior epistaxis

        Exclusion criteria:

          -  Patients with inability to give consent

          -  Patients without a working telephone number

          -  Patients lacking the mental capacity to make their own decisions

          -  Patients with posterior epistaxis

          -  Epistaxis following major trauma

          -  Patients with known bleeding disorder like hemophilia and thrombocytopenia

          -  Prisoners

          -  Patients hemodynamically unstable

          -  Pregnant patients

          -  Patients with a known allergy to TXA

          -  Patients with a visibly bleeding vessel

          -  Those recently post-op nasal/sinus surgery (within ten days) will also be excluded
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Family Connections Weight Management

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  All boys and girls within the KPCO HMO system of the greater Denver area who are
             between the ages of 8 and 12 at the time of the initial assessment with a BMI of 85%
             or above.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Parents for whom English is not their language of communication

          -  Families who intend to move within the first three months of intervention

          -  Families who do not have access to a telephone

          -  Did not agree to be randomized.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 8 Years old.
Subject must be at most 12 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Age Dependend Diagnostic Thresholds for Osteoporosis Bindex Ultrasonometer

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Female sex

          -  Age 50 to 89 years

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Those who have opted out of being contacted for research on their general Park
             Nicollet clinic consent will not be recruited by mail

          -  Inability to sign consent form due to cognitive impairment. Those with dementia (ICD-9
             diagnosis codes 331.0, 294.1, 294.10, 294.11, or 294.8) will excluded from mailed
             recruitment

          -  Measurement of hip BMD is not feasible (for example, those who have had bilateral hip
             replacement surgeries or who cannot have central DXA because of their body weight)

          -  Open leg or arm wounds at sites where ultrasound measurements are supposed to be
             taken, precluding such measurements
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.
Subject must be at most 89 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anthocyanins

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosis of gout

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Allergy to cherries or cherry products

          -  Any history of malignancy

          -  History of any pancreatic or biliary tract disease

          -  Significant Anemia

          -  History of significant renal (sCr > 1.5 mg/dL)

          -  Hepatic disease (liver enzymes 3 times upper limit of normal)

          -  Any active gastrointestinal condition

          -  History of large bowel resection for any reason

          -  Use of cherry juice concentrate or consumption of cherries within 14 days

          -  Personal or inherited bleeding disorders or currently on anticoagulation

          -  Women of childbearing age not on oral contraceptives

          -  Women who are pregnant or nursing
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Study of Axillary Skin Temperature as a Marker of Ovulation

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation

          -  Females aged 18 to 44 years.

          -  Referred with infertility to the Reproductive Medicine Clinic, Rosie Hospital

          -  Have a body mass index (BMI) above 19 and below 29

          -  Regular menstrual cycles, i.e. no greater than 7 days difference between the shortest
             and longest cycle in the last 6 months

          -  Minimum menstrual cycle 21 days

          -  Maximum menstrual cycle 35 days

          -  Willing to wear a DuoFertility sensor continuously for 8 to 10 menstrual cycles;

          -  Willing to attend Rosie Hospital up to 5 times per cycle for TVS and blood tests

          -  Willing to perform twice daily LH urine tests at home from day 8 of cycle till
             positive

          -  Normal pelvic ultrasound and blood results obtained during screening tests

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Aged younger than 18 years, or older than 44 years

          -  Have a BMI less than 18 or greater than 29

          -  Any diagnosed systemic illnesses, including but not restricted to thyroid disease,
             diabetes or inflammatory diseases

          -  Polycystic ovary disease

          -  Endometriosis or other pelvic pathology (including proven tubal disease)

          -  Taking steroids, including oral contraceptives or anti inflammatory drugs
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 44 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment