Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Detection of Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-Related Seeds for AD Diagnosis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Aged 55-75. Written informed consent obtained from participant or legal guardian prior
             to any study-related procedures. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National
             Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria. As for non-AD
             dementia, the McKeith criteria are used for DLB,the revised diagnostic criteria
             proposed by the International behavioral variant (bvFTD) Criteria Consortium for
             bvFTD,the Gorno-Tempini criteria for the semantic variant FTD or non-fluent aphasia,
             the Movement Disorder Society Task Force criteria for PDD, the vascular behavioral and
             cognitive disorders (Vas-Cog) criteria for VaD, the Armstrong's criteria for CBD, the
             CDC's diagnostic criteria for CJD, etc. In addition, normal cognition is supported by
             MMSE, CDR and other cognitive function scales.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Other medical or psychiatric illness. No one can serve as an informant. Refused to
             complete a cognitive test and provide biospecimen.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 55 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Effect of Growth Hormone in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinically suspected GHD

          -  Height < -2.0 SDS

          -  Serum IGF-I less than or equal to -1.0 SDS

          -  Bone age less than or equal to 9 years for boys and less than or equal to 7 years for
             girls.

          -  Puberty Tanner Stage I

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Previous use of growth hormone

          -  Growth retardation attributable to causes other than GHD (e.g. inborn errors of
             metabolism, primary bone disease, chromosomal disorders, etc.)

          -  Intrauterine growth retardation: birth weight < 3rd percentile.

          -  Administration of other growth-altering medications.

          -  Evidence of any malignancy or intracranial tumors.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 3 Years old.
Subject must be at most 15 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 55-year-old white woman comes for a routine checkup.  She has no significant medical history and does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  The patient's only medication is an over-the-counter multivitamin.  Family history is notable for a hip fracture in her mother.  Blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg and pulse is 112/min. She has occasional back pain and lives a sedentary lifestyle with the BMI of 24 Kg/m2. Plain X-ray of the spine shows mild compression fracture at the level of T10. X-ray absorptiometry studies demonstrate abnormally low bone density in the lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5, which confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 55-year-old white woman and I recently visited my family doctor. I don't smoke anything or drink. I don't have any remarkable medical history. I only use over-the-counter multivitamins to keep myself fresh and energized. My mom had a hip fracture. The doctor took my blood pressure and it was 130/80 and my pulse was 112/min. I have annoying back pain from time to time and to be honest I don't exercise much or move much. My BMI is 24. I did a spine X-ray a while ago and my doctor showed me that I have a fracture on one of my vertebrae. I also have a low bone density in my lumbar vertebrae and T-score values below -2.5. The doctor diagnosed me with osteoporosis.

Clinical trial: Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation With and Without Collagen Peptides in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Postmenopausal women

          -  T-score in the osteopenic range (-1.0 > T-score > -2.5) at either the lumbar spine
             (LS) or femur as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  T-score in the osteoporotic range (T-score < -2.5) at any site

          -  Patients receiving supplements of calcium and/or vitamin D at that time or during the
             last year

          -  Patients receiving medications known to positively or negatively affect bone turnover
             or BMD at that time or during the last 3 years (e.g. antiresorptive agents,
             oestrogens, systemic corticosteroids), or

          -  Secondary cause of osteoporosis (e.g. alcohol abuse, thyrotoxicosis etc)

          -  Patients who did not attend to their follow-up appointment and consequently had only
             the baseline measurements
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): The patient is a 38-year-old man with cough and body ache that started 3 days ago.  He had fever and chills at the beginning and has low grade fever at the time of visit. He feels tired and sleepy. His body ache and myalgia get better after using Tylenol. The PCR test for Covid is positive. His vital signs are within normal limits with a body temperature of 37.9 C. There is no lymphadenopathy or white exudates in the pharynx.

Patient's own account: I was feeling really sick the other day, to the point that I showed up at the doctor's office. I was coughing, and my body was hurting for 3 days. I had a fever and chills and felt tired and sleepy. I got better after using Tylenol. They did a PCR Covid test on me, and it was positive! My vitals were normal, and my temperature was 37.9 C. I had no swelling around my neck or white spots on the back of my throat.

Clinical trial: Evaluating the Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma in Symptomatic Outpatients Infected With COVID-19

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Laboratory confirmed diagnosis of infection with SARS-CoV-2

          -  Symptoms of COVID -19 - cough, fever, sore throat, SOB, anosmia, diarrhea, myalgia

          -  Symptoms less than 14 days

          -  ID Physician determination that the patient does not need hospitalization

          -  O2 saturation of >93%

          -  Informed consent provided by the patient or healthcare proxy

          -  Age ≥ 18 years

          -  Ambulatory Outpatient when informed consent obtained and study drug is administered

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Age < 18 y/o

          -  Patients currently receiving intravenous immunoglobulin

          -  Hypercoagulable state - neoplasia, Collagen vascular disease, Myelodysplastic
             syndrome, chronic anticoagulation treatment, etc.

          -  Need to be hospitalized

          -  O2 sat < 93%

          -  D-Dimer > 2x normal

          -  Chronic oxygen therapy

          -  Renal insufficiency with Creatinine clearance < 30

          -  Long term care or assisted living facility resident

          -  Ongoing usage of hydroxychloroquine for any indication

          -  History of blood or plasma transfusion related complications

          -  Enrollment into any other investigational drug or device study within the previous 30
             days

          -  Any drug, chemical or alcohol dependency as determined by the investigator through
             history that may affect study procedures and follow up

          -  Pregnant or breast feeding

          -  Any acute or chronic medical comorbidity, psychiatric, social or other circumstance
             that, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere with study compliance,
             completion, or accurate assessment of the study outcomes/safety

          -  Admitted to or expected to be admitted to a medical facility
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Stop Menstruation and Pregnancy Rates in Antagonist Protocol

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:- Age ≤ 39 years

          -  Body mass index between 18 and 29 kg/m²¬

          -  Regular cycles between 25-34 days

          -  Presence of both ovaries

          -  Basal levels of estradiol (≤ 80 pg/ml) and progesterone (≤ 1.6ng/ml) on day one of the
             cycle

          -  Treatment with IVF/ICSI

          -  Embryo transfer day 3 or day 5 (1 or 2 embryos)

          -  Patients can enter in the study only once

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Presence of endometriosis stage ≥3(AFS)

          -  Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Rotterdam criteria)

          -  Need for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

          -  Azoospermia testicular sperm extraction (TESE)
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 37 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Perioperative Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Minor Abdominal Surgery

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients scheduled for a laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair

          -  Patients ≥ 18 years old

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Not capable of giving informed consent after oral and written information

          -  Previously included in the trial ￼￼ - Surgery within 7 days of the trial
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Mulligan Mobilization With Movement Versus Macquarie Injury Management Group in Function and Pain of Knee Osteoarthritis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  ACR criteria for knee will be over age 50 less than 30 minutes of morning stiffness,
             crepitus on active motion, Tenderness Enlargment No palpable warmth of synovium.
             Osteoarthritis grade 1 and 2 by Kelly-green and Lawrence method.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        - (a) Any surgical procedure done in past 6 months and metal implants in lower extremity.

        (b) Any infection and neoplastic disorder. (c) Post traumatic knee stiffnes. (d) Secondary
        knee OA peripheral vascular disease
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the office due to weight gain and fatigue.  He is not able to lift heavy objects or climb stairs. Family history is positive for DM type 2 and HTN in his father.  Blood pressure is 165/90 mm Hg and pulse is 85/min.  On physical examination, there is symmetric proximal muscle weakness of the upper and lower extremities.  Fasting plasma glucose level is 138 mg/dL and 24-hour urinary cortisol is twice the upper normal limit.  Further evaluation reveals that high-dose, but not low-dose, dexamethasone suppresses serum cortisol levels.  Serum ACTH levels are high-normal. This patient's findings are consistent with endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old man. I went to the clinic because I had been gaining weight and had increased fatigue over the past few weeks. I was not able to lift heavy objects or even climb the stairs. My dad was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. During the exam, they took my blood pressure, which was 165/90 mm Hg, and my pulse was 85/min. They found out that I have weaknesses in both of my arms and legs. I also did a blood test on an empty stomach, and I had a glucose level of 138 mg/dL, and twice the upper normal limit of cortisol. I had high-normal levels of ACTH. The doctor said I suffer from endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Clinical trial: Cardiac Steatosis in Cushing's Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  group 1 and 2: patients with overt Cushing's syndrome, with 24-hour urinary free
             cortisol excretion over the two fold of the upper limit of the normal, with (group 1)
             or without (group 2) diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance

          -  group 3: healthy volunteers matched for age, sex and BMI with the patients of the
             group 2

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  contraindication of MRI

          -  hypersensitivity to gadolinium

          -  acute myocardial ischemia

          -  renal insufficiency (creatinin clearance 30 mL/min/l,73m2)

          -  pregnancy
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Sensitization in Osteoarthritic Knees

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Osteoarthritis in the knee

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  No other painful conditions
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 7-month-old boy is brought to emergency by his parents due to irritability and inability to defecate for the past 3 days.  The patient has had constipation and discomfort with bowel movements since birth.  His symptoms worsened after eating semi-solid foods.  Vital signs are normal.  Abdominal examination shows distension and tenderness to palpation with presence of bowel sounds.  Xray with barium shows a narrow rectum and rectosigmoid area.  The rest of the colon proximal to this segment is dilated. Digital rectal exam revealed burst of feces out of the anus. The biopsy showed absence of submucosal ganglia in the last segment of the large intestine.

Patient's own account: My baby boy just turned 7 months old but my wife and I cannot get a hold of him! He has not been able to poop for 3 days! My poor little thing has been having constipation and bowel problems since birth. But since he ate some semi-solid food it has just been worse! The doctor said his vitals are normal but his belly is tense and tender with his bowels making noise. They did an X-ray and found out that he had a narrow rectum. His colon is dilated. They also performed a touch rectal exam and he could finally poop! The biopsy revealed that there is no submucosal ganglia in his large intestine.

Clinical trial: Prebiotic Fructans Effect on 1-3 Years Constipated Children's Bowel Habits

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Diagnosis of functional constipation following ROME4 criteria.

          2. Subject is otherwise healthy at the time of pre-examination.

          3. Subject is aged 1-3 years at the time of pre-examination.

          4. Subject and caretaker are able and willing to follow the study instructions.

          5. Subject is suitable for participation in the study according to the
             investigator/physician/study personnel.

          6. Written informed consent is given by parent or legal guardian.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. No legal guardian's command of any local language.

          2. Organic causes of defecation disorders incl. Hirschsprung disease, Spina bifida,
             hypothyroidism etc.

          3. Other metabolic or renal abnormalities or mental retardation (Child's mental delay).

          4. Food allergies or intolerances.

          5. Using drugs (e.g. antibiotics) influencing gastrointestinal function (4 weeks before
             run-in, 6 weeks before intervention).

          6. Use of laxatives and labelled pre- and probiotics in the previous 2 weeks before the
             beginning of run-in (4 weeks before intervention)

          7. Subjects who are currently involved or will be involved in another clinical or food
             study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 1 Year old.
Subject must be at most 3 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction