Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the office due to weight gain and fatigue.  He is not able to lift heavy objects or climb stairs. Family history is positive for DM type 2 and HTN in his father.  Blood pressure is 165/90 mm Hg and pulse is 85/min.  On physical examination, there is symmetric proximal muscle weakness of the upper and lower extremities.  Fasting plasma glucose level is 138 mg/dL and 24-hour urinary cortisol is twice the upper normal limit.  Further evaluation reveals that high-dose, but not low-dose, dexamethasone suppresses serum cortisol levels.  Serum ACTH levels are high-normal. This patient's findings are consistent with endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old man. I went to the clinic because I had been gaining weight and had increased fatigue over the past few weeks. I was not able to lift heavy objects or even climb the stairs. My dad was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. During the exam, they took my blood pressure, which was 165/90 mm Hg, and my pulse was 85/min. They found out that I have weaknesses in both of my arms and legs. I also did a blood test on an empty stomach, and I had a glucose level of 138 mg/dL, and twice the upper normal limit of cortisol. I had high-normal levels of ACTH. The doctor said I suffer from endogenous Cushing Syndrome.

Clinical trial: A Study of ATR-101 for the Treatment of Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Confirmed diagnosis of endogenous Cushing's syndrome

          -  Baseline UFC 1.3 to 10 × upper limit of normal (ULN)

          -  If previous pituitary surgery, participants must be at least 3 months since surgery at
             the time of screening

          -  BMI between 18 and 60 kg/m2, inclusive

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome, cyclic Cushing's syndrome or current iatrogenic Cushing's
             syndrome

          -  Candidates for surgical treatment of Cushing's syndrome, unless surgery is not
             anticipated to occur during the study

          -  Normal late night salivary cortisol or 24-hr urine free cortisol

          -  Radiotherapy of the pituitary within 6 months
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Endomysial Fibrosis, Muscular Inflammatory Response and Calcium Homeostasis Dysfunction in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Boy between 2 to 15 years old.

          -  Lack of any infectious disease in the last week before the study.

          -  Consent form signed by parents.

        Inclusion Criteria for DMD infant

          -  Clinical suspicion of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

        Inclusion Criteria for Control healthy Infant

          -  Lack of any antecedent of congenital cardiac, pulmonary or muscular disease including
             DMD.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Subjects who are unable or unwilling to tolerate study constraints

          -  Parents of the subject unable or unwilling to undergo informed consent

          -  Subject with no rights from the national health insurance programme
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 2 Years old.
Subject must be at most 15 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: Gas Supply, Demand and Middle Ear Gas Balance -- Diagnosis of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Eligibility criteria:
AFFECTED SUBJECTS:

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  3-70 years of age

          -  Diagnosed or suspected Eustachian tube dysfunction or middle-ear disease

          -  Able to read and comprehend English

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Extant middle-ear effusion, allergic rhinitis or "cold" (may enter when resolved)

          -  History of ossicular reconstruction

          -  Blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 (adults)

          -  Recent angina; history of heart attack, stroke, cardiac surgery or any other medical
             condition that the study physician deems entry not in the subject's best interest.

        CONTROL SUBJECTS

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  18 -60 years of age

          -  Generally healthy

          -  No history of middle-ear disease

          -  Intact or non-intact tympanic membrane -- perforation or tube for reasons other than
             middle-ear disease.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Extant middle-ear effusion, allergic rhinitis or "cold" (may enter when resolved)

          -  History of ossicular reconstruction

          -  Blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90

          -  Sensitivity to drugs used for endoscopy (lidocaine, oxymetazoline)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 3 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Confocal Endomicroscopy for Permeability of Esophageal Wall in Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Age > 18 years

          2. Ability to give informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Pregnancy

          2. Esophageal varices

          3. Prior esophageal or gastric surgery

          4. Active gastrointestinal bleeding

          5. Evidence of esophageal malignancy

          6. Inability to provide informed consent
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Comparative Study of Clinical Endpoint in DMD: Handheld Myometry (HHM) Versus CINRG Quantitative Measurement System (CQMS)

Eligibility criteria:
Participants should meet the following criteria:

          1. Confirmed clinical and molecular diagnosis of DMD

          2. 6- 18 years of age

          3. Ability to follow 2 step instructions

          4. Ability to transfer to and from the wheelchair-mat with moderate assistance defined as
             no greater than 75% assistance.

          5. Signed informed consent of parental or legal guardian(s) is required for participants.
             Assent from children 7-18 years old may also required.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Participants must confirm:

          1. No Surgical procedures were performed ≤ 8 weeks before study procedures.

          2. No musculoskeletal injuries were experienced ≤ 8 weeks before study procedures.

          3. Investigator assessment that patient or parent/legal guardian are not willing or able
             to comply with study procedures.
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 6 Years old.
Subject must be at most 18 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Minimal Change Esophagitis by i-Scan Endoscopy in Dyspeptic Patients

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with one or more of the following symptoms namely epigastric pain or
             discomfort, postprandial fullness and early satiety with or without symptoms
             suggesting GERD

          -  Patients able to give informed consent

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with significant weight loss.

          -  Patients with hematemesis, melena ,dysphagia, intractable vomiting , palpable
             abdominal mass.

          -  Patients with history of documented peptic ulcer , gastric surgery , gastric cancer.

          -  Patients with symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome, hepatobiliary tract
             disease.

          -  Patients with severe concomitant medical conditions, pregnant woman or continuous
             usage of steroids or NSIADS in the preceding 1 month before entry to the study.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication Comparing Division Versus Non-Division of Short Gastric Vessels

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  objective gastroesophageal reflux in adults

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  esophageal motility disorder

          -  hard stenosis

          -  previous antireflux surgery
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 19-year-old girl comes to the clinic due to a left wrist mass.  She noticed swelling on the top of her wrist about 4 months ago and came to the clinic due to cosmetic concerns.  Examination shows a nontender, rounded mass on the dorsal wrist that transilluminates with a penlight. Vital signs are normal. The patient needs to type on her computer almost all day. She is left-handed. She does not smoke or use illicit drugs. She is in sexual relationship with two male partners and uses condoms.

Patient's own account: I'm a 19-year-old girl and I went to see my doctor because of a mass on my left wrist. I noticed a swelling on top of my wrist, like 4 months ago, and I went the first time to the doctor because it was pretty ugly! My wrist was not tender, and the mass was round and let the light go through when the doctor used a penlight. My blood pressure, breathing and temperature were normal. I'm left-handed and I need to be on my PC all day. I don't smoke or do drugs. I'm sexually active and I have 2 male partners but they all use condoms.

Clinical trial: The Interplay Between Addiction to Tobacco Smoking and Sleep Quality Among Healthy Adults

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        For the smokers group:

          -  At least 10 cigarettes a day on average, for the preceding 2 years

          -  Meeting the criteria for tobacco use disorder laid out in the Diagnostic and
             Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).

        For the nonsmokers group:

        • Not having smoked more than 5 cigarettes in their lifetime and not at all in the
        preceding 2 years.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  History of mental illness or substance abuse.

          -  Working on night shifts.

          -  Pregnancy

          -  Clinical diagnosis of a sever lung disease, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
             Disease (COPD)

          -  Clinical diagnosis of a severe sleeping disorder, such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy and
             hypersomnia
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 30 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 57-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to constipation.  His last bowel movement was 2 days ago. He complains of spending about 30 minutes once attempting to defecate. He also has lower back pain.  There is no history of trauma. The pain is not relieved with over-the-counter pain medications.  His vital signs are within normal limits.  Examination shows low back pain that is worse with back flexion and raising of the legs; it radiates into his left leg.  Pinprick in the perianal area does not cause rapid contraction of the anal sphincter.  The rest of the neurologic examination is normal. He is suspected of Cauda Equina syndrome and referred to a spinal MRI.

Patient's own account: I'm a 57 year-old-man, and I had to go to the ER because I couldn't go defecate. My last trip to the toilet was 2 days ago, and I tried too many times, during 30 min, to get my poop to get out. I also have terrible lower back pain. The doctor did not notice any trauma. I tried to get the pain away using over-the-counter medications, but it simply did not work! Back in the ER my vitals were normal. My pain was even more intense with back flexion, and when I raised my legs, it radiated into my left leg. The doctor did an anus exam where he had to pinch it and it was not reacting! However the rest of my neurologic exam was normal. The doctor suspects a Cauda Equina syndrome and referred me to a spinal MRI.

Clinical trial: Standing Trunk Extension and Spinal Height in Low Back Pain

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Ability and willingness to come twice to the clinic for approximately 60 minutes each

          -  Subjects with LBP and directional preference in back extension

          -  Age 18-80

          -  Ability to stand for 5 minutes

          -  Ability to sit for 10 minutes

          -  Low back pain on Numerical Pain Rating scale (NPRS) of at least 2/10 and less or equal
             to 9/10

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Pregnancy by subject report

          -  history of back surgery or spinal fractures within the last six months

          -  history of spinal fusion or physician's diagnosis of spinal instability

          -  current history of acute systemic infection, active inflammatory disease, or
             malignancy

          -  subjects engaged in legal/compensation claims for their back symptoms
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the clinic for the follow up of his neuromuscular disease. He experienced gradual, progressive weakness of the left upper extremity over the last year.  Over the last few months, he has also noticed weakness in the right upper extremity.  BP is 120/75, PR is 80 and temperature is 37 C. Reflexes are brisk in the upper extremities, and the plantar responses are extensor.  Mild gait ataxia is present. The patient is under treatment of Riluzole 50 mg BID with the diagnosis of ALS.

Patient's own account: I've been suffering from a neuromuscular disease for a while now, and I went to my doctor's office. I'm now a 47-year-old man and over the past year I experienced a progressive and gradual weakness of my left upper extremity, and over the past month, I also noticed a weakness over my right upper extremity. My heart rate was 120/75, and my  PR was 80 with 37°C for temperature. My reflexes are not good in my upper extremities, and I have trouble with my balance. I'm also under Exservan 50 mg for my sclerosis.

Clinical trial: Vibrational-proprioceptive Resistance Exercise Training Versus Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training in Elderly People With Muscle Weakness

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  age related muscle weakness

          -  age between 65-85 years

          -  all inclusion criterias must be fullfilled

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  recent hip or knee endp-prosthesis (within last 2 years), longstanding immobility

          -  body mass index greater than 40

          -  acute thrombosis in lower extremity (within last 3 weeks)

          -  severe articular effusion

          -  acute infection

          -  known myopathy

          -  relevant neurological diseases with gait disorders (e.g. poly neuropathy, Parkinson's
             disease)

          -  dementia, impaired cognitive abilities

          -  diseases of the vestibular system causing vertigo or impairing balance

          -  symptomatic cardio pulmonal diseases within the last 6 months

          -  not or insufficient treated hypertonia

          -  rheumatic diseases

          -  other relevant functional impairment of the musculo-skeletal system caused by surgery,
             trauma or degenerative diseases

          -  pain in the lower extremity (VAS > 5)

          -  if one of the above criteria applies the subject will be excluded from the study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 65 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction