Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Symptom Assessment for Patients With Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease Receiving Helicobacter Pylori Eradication

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

          1. Patients with typical reflux symptoms (heartburn and/or acid regurgitation) validated
             by standard questionnaire GerdQ.16

          2. Aged >= 20 years old.

          3. Willing to receive H. pylori eradication therapy.

        Exclusion criteria:

          1. Symptomatic reflux patients with high grade erosive esophagitis (LA classification
             Grade C and D) or Barrett's esophagus documented by endoscopy.

          2. Symptomatic reflux patients with a history of using PPI in recent one month.

          3. Subjects with known allergy to PPI.

          4. Peptic ulcer disease

          5. Cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

          6. Esophageal or gastric varices

          7. Active upper gastrointestinal bleeding within 7 days prior to enrollment

          8. Status after total or subtotal gastrectomy

          9. Pregnancy

         10. Use of anticoagulants or antiplatelets within one week prior to enrollment

         11. Subjects with bleeding tendency
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: The Outcome After Lichtenstein Operation vs. ProGrip Patch Repair of Inguinal Hernia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  primary unilateral inguinal hernia

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  not willing to participate

          -  not capable to understand or fill in the questionnaires
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: CrossFit's Injuries Study in Grand Nancy Clubs During 2018-2019

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Men and women

          -  18 years and over

          -  Practicing CrossFit in a club of the Grand Nancy

          -  Information and non-opposition to research

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Opposition to study
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 30-year-old man who is a computer scientist came to the clinic with the lab result stating azoospermia.  The patient is sexually active with his wife and does not use any contraception methods.  They have been trying to conceive for the past year with no success.  The patient has a past medical history of recurrent pneumonia, shortness of breath, and  persistent cough that produces large amounts of thick sputum. The patient had multiple lung infections during childhood. He does not smoke, use illicit drugs or alcohol.  The patient has no history of other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery.  On physical examination, the digits show clubbing.  An ultrasound shows bilateral absence of the vas deferens, and FEV1 was 75% on the respiratory function test.

Patient's own account: I'm a 30-year-old computer scientist. I did some lab tests that came back quite alarming, stating that I have azoospermia?! I'm sexually active with my wife and we don't use contraception. We've been trying to have a child for the past year. I have a medical history of pneumonia and shortness of breath and regular wet cough. I had several lung infections when I was a kid. That's why I'm very careful and don't smoke, do drugs, or drink. I don't have other medical conditions including allergies or any kind of surgery. The doctor did the clubbing test on my fingers, which was positive. I also did an ultrasound and it showed that I'm missing the tubes that carry sperm around. I also had a 75% for my respiratory function test.

Clinical trial: Caffeine and Sodium Citrate Ingestion

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  wheelchair athletes

          -  national team

          -  category T53 and T54

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  medicated

          -  pregnant (for women)

          -  cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 55 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: 3D Radiographic Evaluation of a Novel Implant Site Development Technique

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Presence of at least 1 single rooted tooth scheduled for extraction with EDS Class 3-4 type
        buccal bony dehiscence

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Exclusion criteria int he test group included uncontrolled inflammation at the surgical
        site, full mouth plaque or bleeding scores more than 20%, diabetes, pregnancy, known
        metabolic bone diseases, smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day, history of any relevant
        systemic diseases, radiotherapy chronic use of bisphosphonates or systemic steroids.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 48-year-old man comes to the office complaining of heartburn and acid reflux.  He has taken over-the-counter antacids but sees no relief.  Other medical history is unremarkable.  The patient does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Vital signs are within normal limits.  BMI is 31 kg/m2.  Physical examination is  positive for mild tenderness in upper stomach. Chest x-ray shows an air-fluid opacity behind the heart.  A barium swallow study reveals approximately 1/3 of the stomach herniating through the esophageal hiatus.

Patient's own account: I went to my doctor's office because of a non-stop heartburn and some acid reflux. I took over-the-counter medications, but it keeps going strong! I don't smoke, take drugs or drink alcohol, I'm healthy! The doctor took my vitals, which turned out normal. My BMI is 31, which might be a bit too much for a 48-year-old guy like me. They examined my stomach and found a mild tenderness in the upper part. I also did some X-rays, and they found out that I have an air-fluid opacity behind my heart. I did another X-ray, and it turns out that a part of my stomach went up my chest through a hole in my diaphragm!

Clinical trial: Veritas Laparoscopic Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia (PEH) Repair Pilot Trial

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        A. Subjects must have a documented symptomatic paraesophageal hernia that:

          -  1. Is greater than 5 cm hiatal hernia on Upper Gastrointestinal (UGI) series

          -  2. Has evidence that the stomach or other viscera is present in the hernia and does
             not spontaneously reduce from the mediastinum

          -  3. Has significant symptoms or signs of a paraesophageal hernia: heartburn, dysphagia,
             chest pain, shortness of breath, post-prandial abdominal pain, early satiety,
             odynophagia or chronic anemia

        B. Consenting adult ≥18 years ~ documentation of informed consent will be recorded in the
        research records

        C. Must be able to participate in follow-up evaluations (subjects must be fully cognitive)

        D. Has a telephone

        E. Free of cognitive or speech impairment

        Exclusion Criteria:

        A. Previous operation of the esophagus or stomach

        B. Associated gastrointestinal diseases that require extensive medical or surgical
        intervention that might interfere with quality of life assessment (e.g. Crohn's disease)

        C. Emergent operation for acute volvulus (twisting/rotation of the bowel leading to
        obstruction)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of TransCon hGH Weekly Versus Daily hGH in Chinese Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Prepubertal children with GHD in Tanner stage 1, aged of 3 years and below 17 years;

          -  Impaired HT defined as at least 2.0 standard deviations (SD) below the mean height for
             chronological age and sex (HT SDS≤-2.0) according to the Chinese 2005 standard；

          -  Diagnosis of GHD confirmed by 2 different GH stimulation tests, defined as a peak GH
             level of ≤10 ng/mL, determined with a validated assay. Bone age (BA) at least 6 months
             less than the chronological age；

          -  Baseline IGF-1 level of at least 1.0 SD below the mean IGF-1 level standardized for
             age and sex (IGF-1 SDS ≤-1.0)；

          -  Written, signed informed consent of the parent(s) or legal guardian(s) of the subject
             and written assent of the subject (if the subject is 8 years old or above).

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Children with a body weight below 12 kg；

          -  Prior exposure to recombinant hGH or IGF-1 therapy；

          -  Children with past or present intracranial tumor growth as confirmed by a sellar MRI
             scan (with contrast dye recommended) at Screening

          -  Children born SGA (birth weight ≤10th percentile for gestational age according to the
             Chinese reference)；

          -  Children with psychosocial dwarfism；

          -  Children with idiopathic short stature；

          -  Other causes of short stature such as coeliac disease, hypothyroidism, or rickets；

          -  History or presence of malignant disease; any evidence of present tumor growth;

          -  Subjects with diabetes mellitus；

          -  Closed epiphyses；

          -  Major medical conditions and/or presence of contraindication to hGH treatment；

          -  Participation in any other trial of an investigational agent within 3 months prior to
             Screening.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 3 Years old.
Subject must be at most 17 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Research of Biomarkers in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  FOR PATIENTS:

          -  Diagnosis of DMD confirmed by genetic testing

          -  Age over 3 years

          -  Weight over 15 kg

          -  Informed consent signed

          -  FOR CONTROLS:

          -  Age over 3 years

          -  Male gender

          -  Weight over 15 kg

          -  Subjects with national health insurance coverage

          -  Informed consent signed

          -  Nonacute or chronic muscular, allergic, infectious, endocrine or inflammatory disorder
             in the 3 weeks preceding inclusion

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  FOR PATIENTS:

          -  Concomitant chronic or acute muscular, endocrine, infectious, allergic or inflammatory
             disorder in the three weeks preceding the blood test

          -  Intake of medicines other than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta
             blockers, dietary supplements, vitamins, alendronate and methylphenidate. Steroids
             (and medicines prescribed with them such as calcium supplements and proton pump
             inhibitors) will be discussed

          -  Mental retardation or autism

          -  Vaccination or treatment with immunoglobulins within the three months preceding
             inclusion

          -  FOR CONTROLS:

          -  Concomitant chronic or acute muscular, neurological (including mental retardation and
             autism), infectious or inflammatory disorder in the three weeks preceding the blood
             test

          -  Vaccination or treatment with immunoglobulins within the three months preceding
             inclusion
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 3 Years old.
Subject must be at most 20 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: Genetic Studies in Familial Dementia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  18 years and older

          -  Patients diagnosed with dementia, their family members and unrelated healthy controls
             without dementia.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        -Individuals with competing diagnosis such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Frontotemporal
        lobar degeneration, Multiple system atrophy, Corticobasal degeneration, Progressive
        Supranuclear Palsy, Huntington's disease, traumatic brain injury, drug or alcohol abuse, or
        schizophrenia, etc., unless family members of a dementia affected individual.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of arthralgias and nodules on her legs.  She has no fever or other skin rashes. The prior medical condition is unremarkable, and she takes no medications.  On physical examination, there is moderate hepatomegaly. The lesions on her legs are tender and present predominantly on the anterior surface of the lower extremities. She doesn't smoke and drinks alcohol occasionally. The patient has 2 male sexual partners. Vital signs are normal. Chest x-ray demonstrates enlarged hilar lymph nodes, and laboratory testing reveals an elevated ACE level. Biopsy of the skin lesion shows noncaseating granulomas that stain negative for fungi & acid-fast bacilli.

Patient's own account: I'm just a 39-year-old young woman but lately I have noticed some underlying cysts on my legs and my joints were hurting so much. I don't have a fever. I don't have rashes. My medical history is totally clean and I don't take any medication. When I went to the clinic they did a physical examination where they found that my liver is enlarged. They also found that the lesions on my legs are kind of tender and they are located on the front side of my legs. I do not smoke and I drink alcohol occasionally. I have to male sexual partners. On the day of my visit my vitals were fine. I did an X-ray of my chest and I had swollen lymph nodes. I also has a blood test and it came back with a high ACE level. I also had a biopsy of my skin lesions that came back negative for fungi and AFB.

Clinical trial: The Role of Endobronchial Ultrasound Elastography in the Diagnosis of Mediastinal Lesions

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Hilar/mediastinal lymph nodes with a short axis more than 1 cm on thoracic CT scan
             and/or PET-CT suspicious for malignancy with or without known lung malignancy.

          -  Hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes positive on PET/CT scan without regarding the
             diameter suspicious for malignancy.

          -  Recurrence or restaging of NSCLC after chemotherapy or radiation.

          -  Diagnosis of both benign and malignant mediastinal lesions.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Cardiovascular instability.

          -  Lack of patient cooperation, e.g. intractable cough, inability to remain motionless or
             altered consciousness.

          -  Bleeding diathesis (activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ratio or
             international normalized ratio (INR) <1.3 or platelet count of <50000 per mm3).

          -  Border line respiratory failure and patient on mechanical ventilation.

          -  Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (FEV1<1 liter or <35% predicted).
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment