Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: Investigation of the Effectiveness of a Structured Squat-based Program in Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. The age range is between 40-65 years old

          2. According to ACR criteria, clinically and radiographically, at least one of the knees
             should be diagnosed with knee OA (within the last 6 months)

          3. Having findings consistent with Kellgren-Lawrence grade II-III OA on knee radiography

          4. Pain between 2-7 according to the visual analog scale

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Acute OA in the knee

          2. Comorbid diseases (advanced osteoporosis, vertigo, neurological diseases, etc.),
             injuries and surgeries where exercise is contraindicated

          3. Use of NSAIDs and similar disease modifying drugs (Diacerein, Glucosamine etc.) in the
             last month

          4. Having exercised regularly in the last 6 months (more than 1 day a week)

          5. Having had arthroplasty surgery

          6. Intra-articular injection (hyaluronic acid / steroid) application in the last 6 months
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 45 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with intermittent ear discharge and sense of hearing loss on her left ear.  Past medical history is significant for obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.  Her medications include Metformin, Atorvastatin and Vit D supplement. Vital signs are normal. BMI is 37. Otoscopy shows a small perforation in the left tympanic membrane and a pearly mass behind the membrane.  Conduction hearing loss is noted in the left ear.  The remainder of the ear, nose, and throat examination is normal.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic the other day because I had some fluid in my ear and I felt like I could not hear as well as I used to in my left ear. I'm a 50-year-old woman, and I have been obese for a while now. I have diabetes and cholesterol. I take some medication. I take metformin, atorvastatin, and vitamin D supplements. When I was admitted, my vitals were normal. My BMI is 37. When they looked into my ears, they said that my left tympanic membrane was broken and there was some fluid behind the membrane. During the hearing test, they could assess that my left ear suffers from hearing loss. They also performed ear, nose, and throat examinations that turned out to be normal.

Clinical trial: Observation of Gas Exchange in the Middle Ear

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients having perforated eardrum.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Non cooperative patients.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 8 Years old.
Subject must be at most 80 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Effects of an Herbal Topical Cream on Osteoarthritis Symptoms, Biomarkers, and Disease Progression in the Knee

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:-Men and women between 40-70 years old

          -  Have a history of knee pain

          -  Exhibit mild osteoarthritis on the knee, as determined by Dr. Gold through MRIs and
             radiographs (if available). Exclusion Criteria:-Outside of age range

          -  Prior knee surgery

          -  History of knee or knee ligament instability

          -  History of intermittent or persistent knee joint swelling

          -  History of trauma to the knee or lower extremities resulting in fracture, tears of
             menisci, ligaments or joint capsule, or cartilage damage

          -  Unable to have MRI scan due to the presence of metallic internal devices that would
             represent a risk factor for MRI and known or suspected pregnancy.

        History of corticosteroid use

          -  Kidney Disease

          -  Knee diameter greater than 17cm and body diameter greater than 60 cm due to the
             physical constraints of the MRI
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 40 Years old.
Subject must be at most 70 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: The Clinical Study on Treating Acute Gouty Arthritis Using Both Internal and External Therapy of Tonifying Spleen and Descending Turbid

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Aged 18-75, and gender unlimited;

          2. The patients must meet western medicine diagnostic criteria for acute gouty arthritis;

          3. The patients must meet that integral syndrome differentiation conforms to the spleen
             beset by dampness syndrome and local syndrome differentiation conforms to blockage
             disease due to heat.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Secondary hyperuricemia, such as cancer and perichemotherapy of leukemia, renal
             failure, cirrhosis of the liver and drug effect(such as diuretics, aspirin,
             antitubercular agents), et al.

          2. Acute infectious diseases, stroke, acute myocardial infarction ,as well as other acute
             diseases and tumors, rheumatoid arthritis.

          3. Patients with peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal bleeding.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil in Patients With Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach or Esophagus

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Measurable, locally unresectable or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach, GE
             junction or esophagus

          -  No more than one prior chemotherapy regimen

          -  ECOG performance status of < or equal to 2

          -  Life expectancy > 12 weeks

          -  ANC > 1,500/mm3

          -  Hemoglobin > 9.0 gm/dl

          -  Platelets > 100,000/mm3

          -  SGOT < 3 x ULN

          -  Total bilirubin < 2.0 mg/dl

          -  Creatinine < 1.5 mg/dl

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Prior cisplatin or doxorubicin as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy with in 1 year of
             study entry

          -  Clinically apparent central nervous system metastases or carcinomatous meningitis

          -  Myocardial infarction in the past 6 months

          -  Major surgery in the past 2 weeks

          -  Uncontrolled serious medical or psychiatric illness

          -  Pregnant or lactating women

          -  Concurrent malignancy of any site, except limited basal cell carcinoma or squamous
             cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma in situ of the cervix

          -  History or clinical evidence of congestive heart failure
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old female has prolonged oral bleeding immediately after a tooth extraction.  Despite several interventions, the bleeding persists for hours and stops only after desmopressin (DDAVP) administration.  The patient has heavy menstrual cycles each month.  She has no other medical problems and takes no medications.  Her mother and grandmother have also had excessive bleeding during menstrual period.  Review of systems is positive for mild bruising on his legs. Laboratory findings reveal a normal platelet count and an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay, as well as CB <= 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C <= 0.40 IU/mL.

Patient's own account: I'm a 23 woman and I went to the ER because of non-stop bleeding after my tooth extraction. I tried to make the bleeding stop but it just kept going for hours and it finally stopped when I took some medication called DDAVP. I usually have heavy periods, just like my mom and grandma had. I don't have any other medical condition and I don't take any other medication. The doctor noticed the bruises on my legs. I had to do some lab tests. I had a normal platelet count but an abnormal ristocetin cofactor assay. I had low CB and FVIII:C levels.

Clinical trial: Hysterectomy and Levonorgestrel Releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS) in the Treatment of Menorrhagia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  heavy menstrual bleeding

          -  35-49 years

          -  were menstruating

          -  had completed their family size

          -  were eligible for both treatments

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  submucous fibroids

          -  endometrial polyps

          -  ovarian tumours or cysts,

          -  cervical pathology

          -  urinary and bowel symptoms or pain due to large fibroids

          -  lack of indication for hysterectomy

          -  history of malignancies

          -  menopause

          -  severe depression

          -  metrorrhagia as a main complaint

          -  previous treatment failure with LNG-IUS

          -  severe acne

          -  uterine malformation
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 35 Years old.
Subject must be at most 49 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Non-Mesh Versus Mesh Method for Inguinal Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Aged 18 and above;

          -  with a primary, reducible inguinal or inguino-scrotal hernia;

          -  who consent to participate in the study;

          -  who have a telephone contact.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Giant inguino-scrotal hernias;

          -  Obstructive uropathy or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;

          -  Impaired mental state and are unable to give an accurate assessment of the key
             outcomes of the operation.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 63-year-old man comes to the clinic for recent unintentional weight loss. The patient also has epigastric discomfort after meals. He has no known medical problems and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 130/75 and pulse rate is 88/min. He is not febrile. Upper endoscopy shows a lesion in the stomach that shows typical features of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma presenting with signet ring cells that do not form glands.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had been losing so much weight that it was concerning. I'm a 63-year-old guy, and it is something rather unusual. I'm always suffering from stomachache after every meal. I've never been sick, and I don't take any medicine. The doctor took my blood pressure and told me it was 130/75, and my pulse rate was 88/min. I'm not febrile! I also had to do an endoscopy, and they found a lesion in my stomach that shows typical features of stomach cancer. I'm totally devastated...

Clinical trial: A Randomized Study Comparing Autofluorescence Imaging(AFI) Followed by Narrow Band Imaging(NBI) With Videoendoscopy for the Detection of High Risk Lesions of Stomach

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Age >=50

          2. Ethnic Chinese

          3. Presenting symptom - dyspepsia

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Patients who are unable to give an informed consent.

          2. Patients with previous surgery of the stomach.

          3. Patients presented with active gastrointestinal bleeding.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an acute onset of severe left toe pain.  The toe is red and exhibits swelling. The patient is not febrile, and does not remember any recent trauma. Medical history is not significant except for the similar attacks and the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. His medication history includes Allopurinol to prevent gouty attacks. His father has the same medical condition. However, his older brother who is 41 years old is healthy with no history of gouty arthritis. Physical examination shows a swollen, tender first metatarsophalangeal joint.  Aspiration of the joint showed high leukocyte count, negative Gram stain, and numerous needle-shaped crystals, which is compatible with gouty arthritis.

Patient's own account: I'm a 39-year-old man and got admitted to the ER after an unbearable pain in my left toe. My toe was red and terribly swollen. I was still standing on my feet, not febrile and I don't remember hitting my head or anything. I don't have any special medical history, but I had been diagnosed with gout before. I take Lopurin to prevent my gouty attacks. My dad had the same problem, but my 41-year-old brother is healthy and does not have gouty attacks. The doctor did a physical exam and found that the joints between my toes and the rest of my foot were swollen and tender. The doctor renewed his diagnosis of gouty arthritis.

Clinical trial: Study of URC102 to Assess the Safety and Efficacy in Gout Patients

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosed with gout

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Participated in other clinical study within 12 weeks prior to enrollment, and received
             an investigational product (including placebo)
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 69 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Fertility and Obstetric Outcomes After Medical Management Versus Surgical Treatment for First-trimester Miscarriage First-trimester Miscarriage

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Criteria: Women with first trimester failed pregnancy

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Women under the age of 18 or over the age of 45, women who conceived via fertility
             treatments, women with a molar pregnancy
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 45 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment