Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Motor Cortex Plasticity and the Effect of Deep Intramuscular Needling Stimulation Therapy (DIMST) in Osteoarthritis Pain

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Women with over 18 years old, with chronic pain because of primary osteoarthritis of
             the knee.

          -  Pain stable for at least three months. Score greater than or equal to 3 cm (0 cm = "no
             pain" and "worst possible pain" = 10cm) on VAS for pain perception at baseline.

          -  No contraindications to electro acupuncture or transcranial magnetic stimulation.

          -  Naive in acupuncture treatment.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinically significant or unstable disorder, medical or psychiatric.

          -  Presence of neurological or rheumatic comorbidity.

          -  Pregnancy.

          -  Having performed surgery in the knee to be treated in the last 6 months, or be
             planning surgery for the next semester.

          -  Having performed with corticosteroid infiltration in the last six weeks or are using
             this.

          -  Having performed with hyaluronic acid infiltration.
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a history of nosebleeds lasting for 1 hour. She has a history of heavy menses as well as occasional gum bleeding following dental procedures. Her mother also has a history of menorrhagia. Laboratory tests reveal increased bleeding time and slightly increased partial thromboplastin time. She has no other medical conditions and is otherwise healthy. Her coagulation study shows CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL. She is not smoking or using any kind of illicit drugs. She uses alcohol occasionally and is in ra elationship with her boyfriend for the past 2 years.

Patient's own account: I had to rush to the ER because of a non-stop nosebleed that had been on for 1 hour. As a 23-year-old, I always had heavy periods, and sometimes, my gums would bleed after going to the dentist or brushing my teeth. I thought that it was not very alarming since my mom also had heavy periods. I did some lab tests that showed that I had increased bleeding time and long clotting time. Otherwise, I'm pretty healthy, and I don't smoke or take any kind of drugs. I drink only at parties from time to time. I have been with my boyfriend for the last 2 years. I did a coagulation study and I got the following results: CB = 0.30 IU/mL and FVIII:C = 0.37 IU/mL.

Clinical trial: Evaluating Patient and Physician Cost Knowledge in the Emergency Department

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria Patient Population:

          -  18 years old or older

          -  Deemed psychologically and medically stable by the ED care provide

          -  Speak English

        Exclusion Criteria Patient Population:

          -  Prisoner

          -  Brought to Emergency Department by Emergency Medical Service

        Inclusion Criteria Physician Population:

          -  Employed in target medical practices

        Exclusion Criteria Physician Population:

          -  none
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: The Evaluation of Muscle Activation in Climbing up Stairs Activity in Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Children with DMD:

          -  Having been diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by a pediatric neurologist,

          -  Volunteering to participate in the study,

          -  Being in the 5-12 age range

          -  According to the Brooke Lower Limb Functional Classification developed for classifying
             lower extremity functions of children with DMD, it should be between level 1-3
             (children who continue ambulation and can go up and down with assisted / unassisted
             stairs),

          -  To be able to cooperate with the instructions of the physiotherapist

        Healthy Group:

          -  Not having a known acute or chronic illness

          -  The children with DMD included in the study have similar demographic characteristics
             (age, height, weight, body mass index),

          -  The physiotherapist should cooperate with the instructions.

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Children with DMD:

          -  Have undergone any lower limb injuries and / or surgery,

          -  Started steroid treatment in the last 6 months,

          -  Having any systemic disease other than DMD,

          -  Not having permission from his family and himself.

        Healthy Group:

          -  Having had any injury and / or surgery ,

          -  Children with DMD have relatives,

          -  Not having permission from his family and himself
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 5 Years old.
Subject must be at most 12 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: CAPA-IVM Versus STANDARD IVM

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria:

          -  < 38 years

          -  PCOS patients with polycystic ovarian morphology: at least 25 follicles (2-9 mm)
             throughout the whole ovary and/or increased ovarian volume (>10ml) (it is sufficient
             that 1 ovary fits these criteria)

          -  No major uterine or ovarian abnormalities

        Exclusion criteria:

          -  High (>grade 2) grade endometriosis

          -  Cases with extremely poor sperm (OAT) such as azoospermia or cryptozoospermia
Female
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.

Subject must be at most 37 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 20-year-old man comes to the emergency due to bleeding after a tooth extraction.  The bleeding has persisted for approximately 30 minutes despite constant direct pressure.  He is a known case of Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. Blood pressure is 95/60 mm Hg and pulse is 105/min. His weight is 70 Kg. Family history is positive for Hemophilia type A in his maternal uncle. He also has a lipoma on his left arm which he plans to remove surgically. His FVIII activity is 40%.

Patient's own account: I got my tooth extracted and I could not stop bleeding for 30 min. I'm a 20 yo dude but I have Hemophilia type A treated with FVIII. My blood pressure was 95/60 and my pulse 105/min. I'm 70 kg. My uncle on my mom's side also has type A hemophilia. I also have a fatty swelling on my left arm and I was supposed to remove it. My FVIII activity was 40%.

Clinical trial: Pulsed Electromagentic Field in Haemophilia

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  type A hemophilia (moderate)

          -  free from any musculoskeletal deformities.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  patients who performed surgical procedures 6 weeks before conducting the study
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 13 Years old.
Subject must be at most 16 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 49-year-old man comes to the office because of the bulging in his groin.  Physical examination shows a swelling above the inguinal ligament. When the patient is asked to cough, the size of the bulge increases.  His medical history is significant for mild dyslipidemia, which is under control by lifestyle modifications. He does not smoke, but drinks alcohol occasionally. His vital signs and other physical examinations are unremarkable. He is referred to a surgeon and scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic hernia repair.

Patient's own account: I'm a 49-year-old man and I went to my doctor the other day because I could not stand that sharp pain in my upper thigh, it was so swollen! The doctor told me that it was swollen right next to my ligament. It's even bigger when I'm coughing. I'm suffering from high cholesterol and I already had to adapt my lifestyle to keep the disease under control. I do not smoke but to be honest I still drink from time to time. The doctor found my vitals normal. She gave me a note to see a surgeon to get my mass removed and get a hernia repair.

Clinical trial: Mesh Fixation inTEP Inguinal Hernia Repair

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Male between 30-75 years.

          -  Primary inguinal hernia

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Emergency operation

          -  Operated for recurrence

          -  Deaths
Male
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 30 Years old.
Subject must be at most 75 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 7-month-old boy is brought to emergency by his parents due to irritability and inability to defecate for the past 3 days.  The patient has had constipation and discomfort with bowel movements since birth.  His symptoms worsened after eating semi-solid foods.  Vital signs are normal.  Abdominal examination shows distension and tenderness to palpation with presence of bowel sounds.  Xray with barium shows a narrow rectum and rectosigmoid area.  The rest of the colon proximal to this segment is dilated. Digital rectal exam revealed burst of feces out of the anus. The biopsy showed absence of submucosal ganglia in the last segment of the large intestine.

Patient's own account: My baby boy just turned 7 months old but my wife and I cannot get a hold of him! He has not been able to poop for 3 days! My poor little thing has been having constipation and bowel problems since birth. But since he ate some semi-solid food it has just been worse! The doctor said his vitals are normal but his belly is tense and tender with his bowels making noise. They did an X-ray and found out that he had a narrow rectum. His colon is dilated. They also performed a touch rectal exam and he could finally poop! The biopsy revealed that there is no submucosal ganglia in his large intestine.

Clinical trial: Diagnosis of Functional Defecation Disorders in Childhood

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

        Referred children

          -  functional constipation and/or fecal incontinence

        Healthy children

          -  No sign of functional constipation and/or fecal incontinence

        Exclusion Criteria:

        Referred children

          -  organic constipation/ fecal incontinence

        Healthy children

          -  constipation/ fecal incontinence
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 4 Years old.
Subject must be at most 12 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 9-year-old girl is brought to the office for evaluation of short stature and overweight body habitus. The patient's mother and father are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively.  On physical examination, the patient's height is in the 5th percentile of her age.  Other findings include low-set ears, a high arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus.  Chromosomal analysis reveals a 45, XO karyotype.

Patient's own account: I took my 9-year-old daughter to the doctor because my mother-in-law kept saying she seemed small and overweight. My husband and I are 170 cm and 181 cm tall, respectively. The physical health highlighted that she is in the 5th percentile of her age. The doctor said that she has low-set ears, a high-arched palate, a webbed neck, and cubitus valgus. She also did a chromosomal analysis, which revealed a 45, XO karyotype.

Clinical trial: Effect of Oligofructose on Appetite in Overweight Subjects

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Healthy males and females aged 20-50

          -  BMI 25-35 kg/m2

          -  Weight stable for three months prior to enrollment in study (weight change < 3 kg over
             a period of three months)

          -  Habitual dietary fibre ≤ 25g/day (as assessed by 3-day dietary record)

          -  Non-smokers

          -  No current or history of endocrine disease, gastrointestinal disease, kidney or liver
             diseases, cardiovascular disease, pancreatitis, or cancer

          -  Hydrogen producers

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Use of antibiotic less than three months prior to participation in the study

          -  Participation in other research studies in the previous three months

          -  Blood donation less than three months before participation in study

          -  Anaemia

          -  Hypertension

          -  Pregnancy or breastfeeding

          -  Substance abuse

          -  Vegan diet

          -  Regular use of prebiotic, probiotic or symbiotic food items/ supplements

          -  Intense exercise undertaken for more than 5h per week

          -  Metallic or electronic implants e.g. pacemaker, cochlear ear implants, fixed dental
             braces

          -  Claustrophobia

          -  Depression
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 20 Years old.
Subject must be at most 50 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the clinic for the follow up of his neuromuscular disease. He experienced gradual, progressive weakness of the left upper extremity over the last year.  Over the last few months, he has also noticed weakness in the right upper extremity.  BP is 120/75, PR is 80 and temperature is 37 C. Reflexes are brisk in the upper extremities, and the plantar responses are extensor.  Mild gait ataxia is present. The patient is under treatment of Riluzole 50 mg BID with the diagnosis of ALS.

Patient's own account: I've been suffering from a neuromuscular disease for a while now, and I went to my doctor's office. I'm now a 47-year-old man and over the past year I experienced a progressive and gradual weakness of my left upper extremity, and over the past month, I also noticed a weakness over my right upper extremity. My heart rate was 120/75, and my  PR was 80 with 37°C for temperature. My reflexes are not good in my upper extremities, and I have trouble with my balance. I'm also under Exservan 50 mg for my sclerosis.

Clinical trial: Acetylcholine Receptors From Human Muscles as Pharmacological Target for ALS

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Diagnosis of ALS according to the El-Escorial criteria;

          -  Age> 18 years;

          -  ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS- r) score> 20;

          -  Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)> 30%;

          -  Treatment with Riluzole.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Other diseases motor neurons;

          -  Experimental treatments in the previous three months;

          -  Pregnant or breast-feeding;

          -  Contraindications to the use of riluzole;

          -  Patients undergoing tracheostomy, enteral or parenteral supply;

          -  Severe psychiatric disorders.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 17-year-old male comes to the office due to several months of right elbow pain.  The pain is worse with activity and limits his workouts and activities.  He has tried over-the-counter medications with limited relief.  Medical history is notable for eczema, and current medications include a topical hydrocortisone ointment.  He is sexually active with his girlfriend and uses condoms. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. He plays tennis most of the days of the week. The comprehensive evaluation shows pain on the lateral side of the elbow, made worse by pressure applied on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and when making a fist with the elbow joint straightened. The patient has this pain since last year and had several courses of physical therapy.

Patient's own account: I'm 17, and I had to go to the doctor because I've been suffering from my right elbow for several months. The pain is even worse when I do sports and it kind of limits me for my workouts and activities. I tried over-the-counter medications but it didn't work much. I had eczema before and my medication is ointments that contain cortisone. I am sexually active as a 17-year-old guy, and I have a girlfriend, and we use condoms. I don't smoke or drink. I play tennis most days of the week. I did an exam that showed pain on the side of my elbow and it was worse when they applied some pressure on it and when I was putting my hand as a fist. I have had this pain since last year, and I had several sessions of physical therapy already.

Clinical trial: Efficiency of Kinesio Taping in Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Having pain on or near the lateral epicondyle and increases with pain at least one of
             the following provocations tests for lateral epicondylitis -resisted wrist extension
             (Cozen's test), resisted elbow supination (Mill's test) and 3rd finger extension
             (Maudley's test),

          -  Unilateral elbow pain at least 12 weeks,

          -  Not received injection therapy to the elbow in the last six weeks,

          -  Not received a physical therapy program in the last three months,

          -  Presence of normal elbow radiographic findings,

          -  Normal elbow joint range of motion,

          -  Having no neurological deficits

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with degenerative joint disease,

          -  Radial tunnel syndrome,

          -  Cervical nerve root compression,

          -  Pain reflected from the neck, shoulders,

          -  Wrist, radiohumeral joint osteochondritis dissecans,

          -  Tendon rupture,

          -  Osteoporosis, Infection,

          -  Malignancy,

          -  Inflammatory disease,

          -  Pregnant women
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 30 Years old.
Subject must be at most 60 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction