Mathilde/NLI4PR huggingface dataset:
Patient case (clinical description): A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of difficulty swallowing both liquids and solid foods, as well as occasional cough while eating.  She also has difficulty lifting her arms above her head and getting up from a chair. The weakness seems to get worse gradually. The patient has no prior medical problems and takes no medications.  Vital signs are normal.  Physical examination shows an erythematous rash on the upper eyelids. There are some red papules over joints of her hands. The rest of the physical examination is unremarkable. Antinuclear antibodies, anti-Jo-1 antibodies and anti-MDA5 antibody are positive.  Muscle biopsy shows perifascicular inflammation and atrophy of the fascicle and surrounding blood vessels.

Patient's own account: I had to go to the clinic because of difficulty swallowing all kinds of food, liquid and solid. I also sometimes cough when I eat my dinner. At only 50 year old, I had some difficulties lifting up my arms and getting up from a chair! And it's only getting worse! I never had any medical issues in the past and I'm not under any medication, I just don't get it! My vitals were normal. The physical exam showed a red rash on my upper eyelids. I also have red papules on my hands' joints. After a blood test, they told me that my antinuclear antibodies, anti-Jo-1 antibodies, and anti-MDA5 antibodies were positive.  I also did a muscle biopsy and it showed that I had an atrophy of my blood vessels around my muscle fibers and that I have an inflammation of these.

Clinical trial: Study and Treatment of Inflammatory Muscle Diseases

Eligibility criteria:
-  INCLUSION CRITERIA:

        All eligible patients are invited to participate in this protocol. Patients are adults and
        minors, aged 16 or higher, with possible idiopathic muscle disease (suspected or
        confirmed). Since both men and women are affected with the disease, both sexes will be
        studied. All ethnic and racial groups are at risk and will be included. Healthy volunteers
        will be eligible only if they are adults aged 18 or older and only if they are willing to
        provide informed consent.

        EXCLUSION:

          -  Children (age less than 16 years) are excluded

          -  Subjects with severe active infection (such as requiring intravenous antibiotics) or
             other co-morbidities that in the opinion of the investigator would warrant exclusion.

          -  Subjects or their legal guardians who are unable or unwilling to give informed
             consent/assent.
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 16 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 31-year-old woman comes to the office due to 3 days of rash on her left arm.  The lesion is mildly pruritic but not painful.  She is otherwise healthy and occasionally takes ibuprofen during the first few days of her menstrual period.  Temperature is 37 C, blood pressure is 110/75 mm Hg, and pulse is 95/min. The lesion is like a target sign known as erythema migrans. She recently went for an adventure trip in New Hampshire. The patient is diagnosed with Lyme disease.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a rash on my left arm for three days, and the lesion started to be putrid, but it was not painful. I'm a 31-year-old healthy woman and the only medication I use is ibuprofen when I get my periods. They took my temperature, which turned out to be 37°C and took my blood pressure which was 110/75 and my pulse 95. My lesion is round like a target sign. I just came back from a New Hampshire road trip with my friends. Unfortunately, the doctor diagnosed me with Lyme disease.

Clinical trial: Erythema Migrans in Elderly

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  erythema migrans

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  pregnancy or lactation

          -  immunocompromised

          -  taking antibiotic with antiborrelial activity within 10 days

          -  received <10 days of antibiotic therapy for erythema migrans

          -  had an intercurrent episode of Lyme borreliosis during follow-up
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 70-year-old man comes to the office accompanied by his wife.  The patient has experienced progressive memory loss over the last years.  He needs help with some of his routine activities, such as paying bills.  The patient's wife says, "He used to be such an independent person, but now he needs help with many things, even finding direction to home!"  Medical history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Family history includes Alzheimer disease in his father.  MRI reveals diffuse cortical and hippocampal atrophy. The diagnosis of AD is made using the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria.

Patient's own account: I am a 70-year-old man, and I paid a visit to the doctor with my wife the other day. I noticed that I tend to forget small things and that my memory has decreased over the past few years. I even ask my wife to help me out with my daily routine. I used to be the one paying the bills, but now she has to give me a hand. My wife mentioned to the doctor that I used to be independent and that I tend to forget where we live. I suffer from hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. My poor dad was suffering from Alzheimer disease, so I hope I'm not going to end the same way! I did an MRI and they found out that some part of my brain was decreasing. I also did an Alzheimer test.

Clinical trial: The Ketogenic Diet for Alzheimer's Disease

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age >= 50

          -  AD confirmed by CSF biomarkers

          -  CDR score=0.5

          -  Speaking/understanding French

          -  Presence of a caregiver

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Diabetes

          -  Other neurological disease

          -  Chronic inflammatory disease or anti-inflammatory medication (e.g. NSAI,
             corticosteroids)

          -  Uncontrolled dyslipidemia

          -  Malnutrition (BMI < 18; or weight loss > 5% in 1 month or 10% in 6 months; or MNA <
             17)

          -  Severe chronic condition or organ dysfunction
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 31-year-old woman comes to the office due to 3 days of rash on her left arm.  The lesion is mildly pruritic but not painful.  She is otherwise healthy and occasionally takes ibuprofen during the first few days of her menstrual period.  Temperature is 37 C, blood pressure is 110/75 mm Hg, and pulse is 95/min. The lesion is like a target sign known as erythema migrans. She recently went for an adventure trip in New Hampshire. The patient is diagnosed with Lyme disease.

Patient's own account: I went to the clinic because I had a rash on my left arm for three days, and the lesion started to be putrid, but it was not painful. I'm a 31-year-old healthy woman and the only medication I use is ibuprofen when I get my periods. They took my temperature, which turned out to be 37°C and took my blood pressure which was 110/75 and my pulse 95. My lesion is round like a target sign. I just came back from a New Hampshire road trip with my friends. Unfortunately, the doctor diagnosed me with Lyme disease.

Clinical trial: Lyme Borreliosis and Early Cutaneous Diagnostic

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Erythema migrant as criteria EUCALB or atypical form associated to tick's sting

          -  Patient having signed a consent

          -  Patient affiliated to a social security scheme

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Prior treatment with antibiotics

          -  Erythema migrans on the face

          -  Bleeding disorders

          -  Anticoagulant treatment

          -  Inability to give clear information (subject in an emergency situation, understanding
             of the topic difficulty, ...)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old man comes to the office for routine checkup. He is complaining of chronic cough and occasional but progressive dyspnea.  Other medical conditions include hypertension and osteoarthritis.  The patient smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and does not use alcohol or illicit drugs.  He used to be a construction worker. On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of both lungs.  Chest CT scan reveals a mild bilateral pleural effusion and diffuse thickening of the pleura. The patient's documents show chronic exposure to asbestosis. The specimen of the lungs reveled  pulmonary fibrosis that is most predominant in the lower lobes, characterized  by the presence of asbestos bodies (golden-brown beaded rods with translucent centers).

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old former construction worker. I'm a man and I smoke a pack of cigs a day but I don't drink or do drugs. I went to my routine checkup because I've been coughing so much lately. I also had shortness of breath and it got worse over time. I already suffer from hypertension and osteoarthritis. My doctor found that I have decreased breath sounds. I did a chest scan and it seems that I have fluid around my lungs, and the lining of my lungs has become thicker in many areas. I have been exposed a lot to asbestos fibers. The other lung exam showed that I have pulmonary fibrosis, especially in the lower part of my lungs and they found some asbestos there.

Clinical trial: Efficiency and Safety of Pleural Biopsy Methods in the Diagnosis of Pleural Diseases

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with pleural diseases

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with other lung diseases
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 85 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 32-year-old woman comes to the hospital with vaginal spotting.  Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. She has regular menses lasting for 6 days and repeating every 29 days. Medical history is significant for appendectomy and several complicated UTIs. She has multiple male partners, and she is inconsistent with using barrier contraceptives. Vital signs are normal.  Serum β-hCG level is 1800 mIU/mL, and a repeat level after 2 days shows an abnormal rise to 2100 mIU/mL.  Pelvic ultrasound reveals a thin endometrium with no gestational sac in the uterus.

Patient's own account: I just turned 32 and last morning I woke up with strange blood stains on my underwear. My last periods were more than 2 months ago, which is unusual for me because I used to have regular periods lasting for 6 days every 29 days, more or less. I had several UTIs in the past. I also had appendicitis. I'm currently seeing several men and, to be honest, some of them do struggle to wear a condom. I went to the hospital to check myself up and they told me that my vitals were normal. I also had a blood test on Monday, and my β-hCG level was 1800 mIU/mL, and then on Wednesday, it went up to 2100 mIU/mL. The gynecologist also did an ultrasound and she told me that, hopefully, there was no ovule.

Clinical trial: Accuracy of Whole-Blood Testing for Rapid Detection of Pregnancy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          1. Healthy adult women of child bearing age.

          2. Who either request a pregnancy test, or require a pregnancy test for diagnostic
             studies or treatment.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          1. Minors

          2. Adults who are unable to independently give consent for study

          3. Known pregnancy (i.e. - patient appears obviously pregnant)

          4. Hemodynamically unstable.

          5. Moderately to severely ill-appearing or in moderate to severe pain.

          6. Technically not possible to obtain blood from the study subject.
Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 55 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Platelet Rich Plasma Injection for Knee Pain

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients between 18 and 65 years of age with early osteoarthritis and degenerative
             chondropathy who had previously taken medication for more than six months and without
             physical improvement

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  advanced osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence Grading Scale > 2) and inflammatory
             arthritis with severe deformity exceeding the above range.

          -  patellofemoral instability,

          -  a history of drug abuse, and/or

          -  psychological problems
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 18 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 61-year-old man comes to the clinic due to nonproductive cough and progressive dyspnea.  The patient's medical conditions include hypertension, hypercholesteremia and peptic ulcer disease.  He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years.  On examination, there are decreased breath sounds and percussive dullness at the base of the left lung.  Other vital signs are normal. Abdomen is soft without tenderness. CT scan shows a left-sided pleural effusion and nodular thickening of the pleura. The plural fluid was bloody on thoracentesis. Biopsy shows proliferation of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Patient's own account: I am 61 and I had to go to the clinic because I couldn't stop coughing and I experienced some breath shortness. I suffer from hypertension and cholesterol and I also have a stomach ulcer. I should admit that I've been smoking 2 packs of cigarettes every day for the past 30 years. My doctor told me that my breath in my left lung sounds bad. But he told me that my blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature are normal. My belly is also normal. However my X-Rays show some liquid on the left side and a mass where the liquid got hard. The scary thing is that the liquid was bloody when they got it out. They did a biopsy and it showed that I have an increase of epithelioid-type cells with very long microvilli.

Clinical trial: Use of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 (TREM-1) in the Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Clinical diagnosis of pleural effusion

          -  Pleural effusion proved by chest sonography

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Conditions for which thoracentesis are contraindicated

          -  Pregnancy
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.



Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): An 8-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents because of weakness and difficulty of standing up from a sitting position. The mother is healthy but had a brother who died in his 20th after being disabled and using wheelchairs in the last few years of his life. Physical examination shows 3/5 lower extremity muscle strength and enlarged calf muscles. The other physical examination and vital signs are unremarkable. Muscle biopsy showed absence of dystrophin protein. The patient is diagnosed with DMD.

Patient's own account: I brought my  8-year-old son to the doctor's clinic. He was struggling to stand up from a chair for the past few days. My wife is healthy but she was pretty worried since his brother died in his 20s after being disabled and using a wheelchair for the last years of his life. The doctor did an exam which highlighted weakness in the leg muscles and unusually large calf muscles. The rest of the exam was fine, and his vitals were normal. My son did a muscle biopsy, and it showed that the protein important for muscle strength and function is missing. The doctor diagnosed him with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Clinical trial: Virtual Reality in Individuals With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  medical diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy confirmed by molecular method and/or
             protein expression in skeletal muscle;

          -  signing of an informed consent form from the individual or person legally responsible.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  presence of associated comorbidities;

          -  inability in comprehension of the task.
Male
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Subject must be at least 12 Years old.
Subject must be at most 32 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction
Patient case (clinical description): A 66-year-old woman comes to the office due to joint pain in the hands and periodic morning stiffness that lasts less than 15 minutes.  The pain is moderately severe and worsens with daily activity. The patient used Tylenol with minimal relief.  Past medical history is notable for hypertension and hypercholesteremia.  Physical examination shows firm nodules over the distal interphalangeal joints, bilaterally. The patient has pain in her knees as well. The knees are stiff in the morning for less than 30 minutes and become worse with climbing stairs. She has some sensation of bone friction during activity. X-ray shows narrowing of the joint space, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation along the joints.

Patient's own account: I'm a 66-year-old woman and I went to my doctor's office because of a bloody joint pain in my hands that has been lasting for a while. The pain comes and go in the morning usually. I feel like a stiffness that last less than 15 minutes. The pain is moderately severe but it gets worse when I'm using my hands. I used Tylenol which helped a little. Apart from that, I suffer from hypertension and high cholesterol. The doctor made me notice that I have bumps around both of my hand joints. I also suffer from my knees and they are also stiff in the morning for around 30 min. It's even worse when I climb up the stairs! I also feel like my bones are rubbing against each other when I'm moving. The X-ray showed that I have narrow joint space, I have sclerosis, and abnormal growths of bone along my joints.

Clinical trial: Short-term Impact of Cyplexinol® on Self-reported Joint Pain

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  body mass index (BMI) between 18-29.9 kg/m2 (not obese)

          -  no consumption of alcohol-containing beverages within 48 hours of testing

          -  experiencing self-reported joint pain with a minimum pain rating of 3/10 for at least
             the past 30 days

          -  engaged in structured exercise 2 or more days per week for the past 6 months or longer

          -  a negative verbal pre-study drug screen (alcohol abuse, amphetamines, benzodiazepines,
             cocaine, opioids, phencyclidine, barbiturates, cotinine), no history of use of illicit
             drugs or other substances of abuse within 12 months of the screening visit

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  pregnant

          -  tobacco user

          -  active infection or illness of any kind

          -  rheumatic or osteoarthritic diagnosis

          -  Using anti-inflammatory medicines, pain medications, or dietary supplements (or not
             willing to cease for one-month prior to participation and throughout study)
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 30 Years old.
Subject must be at most 65 Years

Eligibility (NLI label): Entailment
Patient case (clinical description): A 47-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of pain in the calf and knee when she bends down. The pain limits her activity. Her medical history is significant for osteoarthritis, for which she uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past two years. She is living with her husband and has 3 children. She doesn't smoke but drinks alcohol occasionally. Her vital signs are normal. On physical examination, there is a small effusion in the right knee. The effusion grew a little larger and she developed a tender swelling in the popliteal fossa and calf. Both the pain and swelling worsened as she bent and straightened her knee.

Patient's own account: I'm a 47-year-old woman, married with 3 kids. I don't smoke and I drink occasionally. I went to the doctor because of pain in my calf and knee when I was bending down. This has been limiting my daily activities. I have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis for which I have taken anti-inflammatory drugs for the past 2 years. The doctor saw a small fluid buildup in my right knee. This buildup became a bit bigger and I have a swollen calf. The pain is worse when I bend and straighten my knee.

Clinical trial: Positive Pressure Treadmill Walking for Individuals With Knee Pathology

Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Age > 50 years

          -  Diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral knee osteoarthritis

          -  Clinical AND/OR radiographic knee osteoarthritis.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Age < 50 years

          -  History of lower extremity total joint arthroplasty

          -  Current cardiovascular disease or hypertension that is uncontrolled

          -  History of neurological disorder that effects lower extremity function (i.e., stroke,
             peripheral neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease)

          -  Current ankle or hip pain

          -  Currently pregnant for female participants

          -  Weight over 400 lbs (181.4 kg), height less than 4'8" (142 cm) or over 6'4" (193 cm),
             18.5" (47 cm) hip width, or 58" (147 cm) hip circumference
No condition on gender to be admitted to the trial.
No healthy subjects accepted to join the trial.
Subject must be at least 50 Years old.


Eligibility (NLI label): Contradiction