# Seccomp and Kubernetes

Seccomp and KubernetesSeccomp stands for secure computing mode and has been a feature of the Linux kernel since version 2.6.12. It can be used to sandbox the privileges of a process, restricting the calls it is able to make from userspace into the kernel. Kubernetes lets you automatically apply seccomp profiles loaded onto a node to your Pods and containers.Seccomp fieldsFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.19 [stable]There are four ways to specify a seccomp profile for a pod:for the whole Pod using spec.securityContext.seccompProfilefor a single container using spec.containers[*].securityContext.seccompProfilefor an (restartable / sidecar) init container using spec.initContainers[*].securityContext.seccompProfilefor an ephemeral container using spec.ephemeralContainers[*].securityContext.seccompProfilepods/security/seccomp/fields.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: pod spec: securityContext: seccompProfile: type: Unconfined ephemeralContainers: - name: ephemeral-container image: debian securityContext: seccompProfile: type: RuntimeDefault initContainers: - name: init-container image: debian securityContext: seccompProfile: type: RuntimeDefault containers: - name: container image: docker.io/library/debian:stable securityContext: seccompProfile: type: Localhost localhostProfile: my-profile.json The Pod in the example above runs as Unconfined, while the ephemeral-container and init-container specifically defines RuntimeDefault. If the ephemeral or init container would not have set the securityContext.seccompProfile field explicitly, then the value would be inherited from the Pod. The same applies to the container, which runs a Localhost profile my-profile.json.Generally speaking, fields from (ephemeral) containers have a higher priority than the Pod level value, while containers which do not set the seccomp field inherit the profile from the Pod.Note:It is not possible to apply a seccomp profile to a Pod or container running with privileged: true set in the container's securityContext. Privileged containers always run as Unconfined.The following values are possible for the seccompProfile.type:UnconfinedThe workload runs without any seccomp restrictions.RuntimeDefaultA default seccomp profile defined by the container runtime is applied. The default profiles aim to provide a strong set of security defaults while preserving the functionality of the workload. It is possible that the default profiles differ between container runtimes and their release versions, for example when comparing those from CRI-O and containerd.LocalhostThe localhostProfile will be applied, which has to be available on the node disk (on Linux it's /var/lib/kubelet/seccomp). The availability of the seccomp profile is verified by the container runtime on container creation. If the profile does not exist, then the container creation will fail with a CreateContainerError.Localhost profilesSeccomp profiles are JSON files following the scheme defined by the OCI runtime specification. A profile basically defines actions based on matched syscalls, but also allows to pass specific values as arguments to syscalls. For example:{ "defaultAction": "SCMP_ACT_ERRNO", "defaultErrnoRet": 38, "syscalls": [ { "names": [ "adjtimex", "alarm", "bind", "waitid", "waitpid", "write", "writev" ], "action": "SCMP_ACT_ALLOW" } ] } The defaultAction in the profile above is defined as SCMP_ACT_ERRNO and will return as fallback to the actions defined in syscalls. The error is defined as code 38 via the defaultErrnoRet field.The following actions are generally possible:SCMP_ACT_ERRNOReturn the specified error code.SCMP_ACT_ALLOWAllow the syscall to be executed.SCMP_ACT_KILL_PROCESSKill the process.SCMP_ACT_KILL_THREAD and SCMP_ACT_KILLKill only the thread.SCMP_ACT_TRAPThrow a SIGSYS signal.SCMP_ACT_NOTIFY and SECCOMP_RET_USER_NOTIF.Notify the user space.SCMP_ACT_TRACENotify a tracing process with the specified value.SCMP_ACT_LOGAllow the syscall to be executed after the action has been logged to syslog or auditd.Some actions like SCMP_ACT_NOTIFY or SECCOMP_RET_USER_NOTIF may be not supported depending on the container runtime, OCI runtime or Linux kernel version being used. There may be also further limitations, for example that SCMP_ACT_NOTIFY cannot be used as defaultAction or for certain syscalls like write. All those limitations are defined by either the OCI runtime (runc, crun) or libseccomp.The syscalls JSON array contains a list of objects referencing syscalls by their respective names. For example, the action SCMP_ACT_ALLOW can be used to create a whitelist of allowed syscalls as outlined in the example above. It would also be possible to define another list using the action SCMP_ACT_ERRNO but a different return (errnoRet) value.It is also possible to specify the arguments (args) passed to certain syscalls. More information about those advanced use cases can be found in the OCI runtime spec and the Seccomp Linux kernel documentation.Further readingRestrict a Container's Syscalls with seccompPod Security Standards