MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
luftmensch
From Yiddish לופֿטמענטש (luftmentsh), from לופֿט (luft, “air”) + מענטש (mentsh, “person”). Compare German von Luft und Liebe leben (“to disregard the practical matters of life”, literally “to live on air and love”), German Luftikus (“impractical, quixotic, or careless person”).
The word first appeared in Yiddish literature in 1860s (Nicolas Vallois, "The Luftmentsh as an economic metaphor for Jewish poverty: a rhetorical analysis").
allision
From Latin allisiō, from allīdō (“to strike or dash against”). cf. collision.
parvenu
Borrowed from French parvenu, past participle of parvenir, from Latin perveniō (“arrive, reach”).
See also parvenue f
parvenue
Borrowed from French parvenue, feminine past participle of parvenir (“to arrive”), learned borrowing from Latin parvenire, from per- (“through”) + venire (“to come”).
cunnilingus
From Latin cunnilingus (literally “cuntlicker”). The meaning shift, not yet complete in the early twentieth century, perhaps derives from figurative uses where the name for a person stands for the name of a practice.
fellatio
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)-
Latin fellō
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Latin fellātiōlbor.
English fellatio
Learned borrowing from Latin fellātiō, from fellātus, perfect participle of fellō (“to suck, to fellate”). The word started to appear in medical literature in the 19th century but it was still treated as Latin. In 1919, the California Supreme Court struck down a law criminalizing fellatio because the state constitution required laws to be written in English. By the late 20th century, fellatio was treated as an English word.
sandy
From Middle English sandi, sondy, sandiȝ, from Old English sandiġ (“sandy”), equivalent to sand + -y. Cognate with Dutch zandig (“sandy”), German sandig (“sandy”), Swedish sandig (“sandy”).
* (Bedfordshire): Recorded as Sandeie in the Domesday Book, the town is named with Old English sand (“sand”) + īeġ (“island”). Doublet of Sanday.
* (Carmarthenshire): From Welsh sant + dŷ (“house of the saint”)
* (Tyneside (Geordie)): sand + -y
dramaturge
* Definition 1: Borrowed from French dramaturge.
* Definition 2: Borrowed from German Dramaturg.
wright
From Middle English wrighte, wriȝte, wruhte, wurhte, from Old English wyrhta (“worker, maker”), from Proto-West Germanic *wurhtijō (as in *wurkijan). Cognate with wrought, dated Dutch wrecht, work.
ruddy
From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”).
The British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.
pilar
Learned borrowing from Latin pilāris, from Latin pilus (“a hair”) + -ar.
Heidi
From Swiss German Heidi, a pet form of Adelheid, equivalent of English Adelaide and Alice. The name became internationally popular due to the children's book Heidi (1880).
huge
From Middle English huge, from Old French ahuge (“high, lofty, great, large, huge”), of unknown origin.
One theory derives it from an underlying Old French a hoge (“at height”), from a (“at, to”) + hoge (“a hill, height”), the latter from Frankish *haug or cognate Old Norse haugr (“hill”); both from Proto-Germanic *haugaz (“hill, mound”), from Proto-Indo-European *kowkós (“hill, mound”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *kewk-, whence also English high.
starve
From Middle English sterven (“to die, perish”), from Old English steorfan (“to die, perish”), from Proto-West Germanic *sterban, from Proto-Germanic *sterbaną (“to become stiff, die”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terp- (“to lose strength, become numb, be motionless”); or from Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ- (“to become stiff”), from *ster- (“stiff”); or a conflation of the aforementioned. Cognate with Scots stairve, sterve (“to die, perish, starve”), Saterland Frisian stjerwa (“to die”), West Frisian stjerre (“to die”), Dutch sterven (“to die”), German Low German starven (“to die”), German sterben (“to die”), Icelandic stirfinn (“peevish, froward”), Albanian shterp (“sterile, unproductive, barren land”).
stet
Borrowed from Latin stet (“let it stand”), an inflection of stō (“to stand”).
lave
The verb is derived from Middle English laven (“to bathe, wash; to bail or draw water, drain, exhaust; to dampen, wet; to pour; of water, etc.: to flow, stream”), and then partly:
* from Old French laver (“to be washed; to wash”) (modern French laver (“to wash (oneself)”)), from Latin lavāre, the present active infinitive of lavō (“to bathe, wash; to dampen, wet”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”); and
* from Old English lafian (“to bathe; to make wet; to ladle out; to pour”), from Proto-West Germanic *labōn (“to refresh, revitalize; to strengthen”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Latin lavō (see above) but this does not explain the change in meaning from “to wash; to wet” to “to refresh; to strengthen”. Perhaps Old English lafian is derived directly from the Latin word, and Proto-West Germanic *labōn and words in languages derived from it such as Dutch and German are coincidentally similar to the Old English word.
The noun is derived from the verb.
From Northern Middle English lave, Middle English love, Early Middle English lafe (“remainder, rest; legacy; relict, widow”), from Old English lāf (“remainder, rest; heirloom; legacy; relict, widow”), from Proto-West Germanic *laibu (“remainder”), from Proto-Germanic *laibō (“remainder, remnant”), from *lībaną (“to be left, to remain”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick; fat or sticky substance”). Doublet of belive (“(obsolete except UK, dialectal) to remain, stay”).
Cognates
* Old English belīfan (“to remain”)
* Old High German leiba (“to lave”)
* Old Norse leif (“to lave”)
The adjective is from Middle English lave (“of the ears: drooping, hanging down”), from Old Norse lafa, from Proto-Germanic *labēn- (“to dangle”), from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang down loosely (?)”).
The verb is probably derived from the adjective.
lather
From Middle English lather, from Old English lēaþor (“a kind of nitre used for soap, soda”), from Proto-West Germanic *lauþr, from Proto-Germanic *lauþrą (“that which is used for washing, soap”), from Proto-Indo-European *lówh₃trom (“that which is used for washing”), from *lewh₃-, *lowh₃- (“to wash, bathe”). Cognate with Swedish lödder (“lather, foam, froth, soap”), Icelandic löður (“foam, froth, a kind of niter used for soap”), Old Irish loathar (“wash-basin”), Ancient Greek λουτρόν (loutrón, “a bath, wash-room”), Latin lavō (“to wash”), Albanian laj (“to wash”), Ancient Greek λούω (loúō). More at lye.
From Middle English *lethren, from Old English lēþrian, lȳþrian, *līeþrian (“to anoint, smear, lather”), from Old English lēaþor (“a kind of niter used for soap, soda”). See above.
amity
From Middle English amite, from Old French amisté, amitie, amistiet, from Vulgar Latin *amīcitātem, derived from Latin amīcus (“friend”), from amō (“love”).
friendship
From Middle English frendshipe, from Old English frēondsċiepe, from Proto-West Germanic *friundskapi. Equivalent to friend + -ship.
Oriya
Borrowed from Odia ଓଡ଼ିଆ (oṛiā).
blather
From Middle English bletheren, bloderen, from Old Norse blaðra (“to speak inarticulately, talk nonsense”). Cognate with Scots blether, bladder, bledder (“to blather”), dialectal German bladdern (“to talk nonsense, blather”), Norwegian bladra (“to babble, speak imperfectly”), Icelandic blaðra (“to twaddle”).
marsh
From Middle English merssh, from Old English mersċ, merisċ, from Proto-West Germanic *marisk, derived from *mari, equivalent to mere (“sea, body of water”) + -ish. Doublet of marish, morass, and merse. Cognate with West Frisian mersk, Dutch meers (“grassland, meadow”) and Dutch moeras, German Marsch. More at mere.
compensate
Borrowed from Latin compēnsātus, perfect passive participle of compensō (“to weight together one thing against another, balance, make good”), -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more.
decry
C. 1600, from Middle French decrier (“to denigrate; depreciate”), from Old French descrier (“to shout”) (modern décrier). Doublet of descry. The pejorative meaning had not been present in the Middle English loan, but it was present in the French word from at least the 13th century, with a meaning of "to denigrate; depreciate; to announce the depreciation or suppression of a currency", presumably from the interpretation of de- as meaning "down, inferior".
rant
From Dutch ranten, randen (“to talk nonsense, rave”), from Middle Dutch ranten (“to rant, babble, goof around”), of uncertain origin; but apparently related to Middle High German ranzen (“to dance, jump around, frolic”), German ranzen (“to be ardent, be in heat, copulate, mate, ramble, join up”).
frail
From Middle English frele, fraill, from Old French fraile, from Latin fragilis. Cognate to fraction, fracture, and doublet of fragile.
From Middle English frayel, from Old French frael, fraiel, of unknown origin; possibly a dissimilatory variant of flael, flaiel (“flail”).
Gaby
Borrowed from Southern French Gaby, a hypocoristic form of Gabriel.
impertinent
Inherited from Middle English impertinent, from Middle French impertinent, from Old French impertinent, from Latin impertinēns; by surface analysis, im- + pertinent.
peevish
The adjective is derived from Late Middle English pievish, peuysche, pevish, pevysh (“capricious, wilful; perverse, wayward”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from one of the following:
* From an unattested Old French word, from Latin perversus (“corrupted, perverted, subverted; overthrown”), the perfect passive participle of pervertō (“to corrupt, subvert; to overthrow”), from per- (prefix meaning ‘intensively, thoroughly’) + vertō (“to turn; to turn upside down, overturn, overthrow, subvert”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to rotate; to turn”)). However, the Oxford English Dictionary says this derivation “presents some formal difficulties”.
* From Middle French *expaive + -ish (similar to; somewhat, rather). *Expaive is an unattested variant of Middle French espave, Old French espave (“(adjective) of an animal: stray; of a person: foreign; (noun) flotsam; lost property”) (referring to the behaviour of stray animals; modern French épave), from Latin expavidus (“extremely frightened or horrified”), from ex- (intensifying prefix) + pavidus (“fearful, terrified; quaking, trembling; shy, timid”) (from paveō (“to be afraid; fear; to quake or tremble with fear”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *paw- (“to hit, strike”)) + -idus (suffix meaning ‘tending to’ forming adjectives)).
The adverb is derived from the adjective.
athlete
From Middle English athlete, from Latin āthlēta (and probably also partly from Middle French athlete), from Ancient Greek ἀθλητής (athlētḗs), from ἀθλέω (athléō, “compete for a prize”), from ἆθλον (âthlon, “prize”) or ἆθλος (âthlos, “competition”).
attach
From Middle English attachen, from Old French atachier, variant of estachier (“bind”), derived from estache (“stick”), from Frankish *stakkā, *stakō (“stick”), from Proto-Germanic *stakô (“pole, bar, stick, stake”). Doublet of attack. More at stake, stack.
Displaced native Old English þīedan.
zealot
Initially only found as Middle English zelote, an epithet of Simon the Zealot, acquiring its current senses in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Middle English derives from Latin zēlōtēs, from Ancient Greek ζηλωτής (zēlōtḗs, “emulator, zealous admirer, follower”), from ζηλόω (zēlóō, “to emulate, to be jealous”), from ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, jealousy”).
zealous
From Middle English zelose, from Latin zēlōsus, from zēlus + -ōsus, from Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, jealousy”), from ζηλόω (zēlóō, “to emulate, to be jealous”). By surface analysis, zeal + -ous. Doublet of jealous.
ardent
First attested circa 14th century as Middle English ardaunt, borrowed from Anglo-Norman ardent and Old French ardant, from Latin ardentem, accusative of ardēns, present participle of ardeō (“to burn”).
passionate
From Middle English passionat, from Medieval Latin passiōnātus (“affected, impassioned, libidinous, easely angered”). Equivalent to passion + -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Compare French passionné.
fanatic
First attested in 1525. Learned borrowing from Latin fānāticus (“of a temple, divinely inspired, frenzied”), from fānum (“temple”). Influenced by French fanatique.
floury
From Middle English floury, equivalent to flour + -y. Piecewise doublet of flowery.
adobe
Etymology tree
Egyptian ḏbt
Demotic Egyptian tb
Coptic ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe)der.
Arabic طُوبَة (ṭūba)
Andalusian Arabic طُوبَة
Andalusian Arabic طُوبder.
Spanish adobebor.
English adobe
From Spanish adobe, from Arabic اَلطُّوب (aṭ-ṭūb), from Sahidic Coptic ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe, “brick”), from Demotic Egyptian ⁠⁠ (tb, “brick”), from Egyptian Db-b-t:O39 (ḏbt, “brick, block, ingot”).
adept
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Italic *ad
Proto-Italic *ad-
Latin ad-
Latin apiō
Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti
Proto-Italic *-skō
Latin -scō
Latin apīscor
Latin adipīscor
Latin adeptusbor.
French adeptebor.
English adept
Borrowed from French adepte, from Latin adeptus (“who has achieved”), the past participle of adipisci (“to attain”).
addle
From Middle English adel (“rotten”), from Old English adel, adela (“mire, pool, liquid excrement”), from Proto-West Germanic *adal, from Proto-Germanic *adalaz, *adalô (“cattle urine, liquid manure”).
Akin to Scots adill, North Frisian ethel (“urine”), Saterland Frisian adel (“dung”), Middle Low German adele (“mud, liquid manure”) (Dutch aal (“liquid manure”)), Old Swedish adel (“urine”), Danish ajle (“liquid manure”), Bavarian Adel (“liquid manure”).
Inherited from Middle English addlen, adlen, probably from Old Norse ǫðlask (“to gain possession of property”), from ōðal (“owndom, property”).
adsorb
From French adsorber, from Latin ad- (“to”) + sorbeō (“suck in”).
afire
13ᵗʰc., from Middle English afire, equivalent to a- (“on”) + fire. Figurative usage from late 14ᵗʰc.
agave
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀγαυή (Agauḗ, “Agave”), from ἀγαυός (agauós, “noble, illustrious”).
alamo
From Spanish álamo. Doublet of elm.
Borrowed from Spanish álamo (“cottonwood tree”).
aland
From Middle English aland, alond, alonde, o lande, from Old English on lande (“on land”), equivalent to a- + land.
aleph
Borrowed from Hebrew אלף (álef). Doublet of alpha and alif.
alkane
Etymology tree
Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.
Aramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.
Arabic كُحْل (kuḥl)
Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor.
Medieval Latin alcoholbor.
German Alkohol
Proto-Indo-European *swel-der.?
Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der.
German -yl
German Alkyl
German alk-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Italic *-nos
Latin -nus
Latin -ānusder.
German -an
German Alkanbor.
English alkane
From German Alkan, formed as alkyl + -ane.
aloe
From Old English alwe (“fragrant resin of an East Indian tree”), from Latin aloē, from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓λόη (ălóē), from Hebrew אָהָל (ʾāhāl) or related Aramaic forms, ultimately from Tamil அகில் (akil); reinforced in Middle English by Old French aloes.
alp
Late Middle English, back-formation from alps pl, via French from Latin Alpes (“high mountains, especially those of Switzerland”). Compare Old Saxon elbon (“Alps”), Old High German Alpūn (“Alps”); Old High German alba (“alp, mountain”)).
althea
From Latin althaea.
From Althaia or Althaea of Greek mythology, from Ancient Greek Ἀλθαία (Althaía).
alum
From Middle English alum, alum, alym, alyme, from Anglo-Norman alum, alun, from Latin alūmen.
clique
Borrowed from French clique, ultimately of imitative origin. Influenced by claque, though this may have happened in French rather than in English.
amir
From Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander, prince”). Doublet of Amir, emir, admiral, and amira.
From Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander, prince”). Doublet of amir, emir, admiral, and amira.
ana
Formed from the Latin suffix -ana; compare ism (from -ism), itis (from -itis), phobia (from -phobia).
From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “of each”).
From Ancient Greek; see ana-.
From Hindi अन्न (ann, “food, grain”), आना (ānā), from Sanskrit अन्न (anna).
From various languages including Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, and Macedonian, all derived—sometimes via Late Latin Anna in the Vulgate—from Koine Greek Ἄννα (Ánna, “Anna”), chiefly in reference to St Anne the apocryphal mother of Mary mother of Jesus but appearing in the New Testament in reference to Anna the Prophetess, from Hebrew חַנָּה (Ḥannâ, “Hannah”), from חַנָּה (ḥannâ, “grace, gracious, graced with child”). As an Oregonian river, named for Ana Byars, daughter of the surveyor W.H. Byars. Doublet of Ann, Anne, Anna, and Hannah.
angst
Borrowed from German Angst or Danish angst; attested since the 19th century in English translations of the works of Søren Kierkegaard. Initially capitalized (as in German and contemporaneous Danish), the term first began to be written with a lowercase "a" around 1940–44. The German and Danish terms both derive from Middle High German angest, from Old High German angust, from Proto-Germanic *angustiz; Dutch angst is cognate. Compare Swedish ångest.
alder
Inherited from Middle English aldre, alder, aller, from Old English alor, from Proto-West Germanic *aluʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aluz, *alusō, *alizō, *alisō.
amble
From Middle English amblen, from Old French ambler (“walk as a horse does”), from Old Occitan amblar, from Latin ambulō (“to walk”). Doublet of ambulate.
amort
From Middle French à la mort (“to the death”) reinterpreted as all amort.
anion
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-
Proto-Hellenic *aná
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ́ (ănắ)
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ- (ănă-)
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyti
Proto-Hellenic *éimi
Ancient Greek ῐ̓όν (ĭón)
Ancient Greek ἀνῐόν (anĭón)lbor.
English anion
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνιόν (anión, “(thing) going up”), neuter present participle of ἄνειμι (áneimi, “go up”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + εἶμι (eîmi, “go”). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who introduced it later that year. By surface analysis, an- (“up, away, forward”) + ion.
anise
Etymology tree
Egyptian jnstbor.
Ancient Greek ἄνῑσον (ánīson)der.
Latin anīsumder.
Old French anisbor.
Middle English anys
English anise
From Middle English anys, borrowed from Old French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνισον (ánison), from Egyptian jnst.
anneal
From Middle English anelen, onelen, from Old English onǣlan (“to burn, ignite, set fire to, consume, heat, enlighten, incite, inflame, inspire, kindle”), from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on”) + Proto-Germanic *ailijaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn”). The double-N spelling may have arisen by analogy with Latinate verbs like announce, annex, and annul.
The word is related to Old English onāl (“that which is burnt, burning; incense”), Old English āl (“fire, burning”), Icelandic eldur (“fire”), Swedish eld (“fire, flame”), Danish ild (“fire”).
anode
From Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) and ὁδός (hodós, “path”), forming the New Greek compound ἄνοδος (ánodos). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who introduced it later that year. By surface analysis, an- (“up, forward, away”) + -ode (“way”).
anomie
From French anomie, from Ancient Greek ἀνομία (anomía, “lawlessness”), from ἄνομος (ánomos, “lawless”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + νόμος (nómos, “law”). Popularized by French sociologist Émile Durkheim (1858–1917).
aorta
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀορτή (aortḗ, “the arteries springing from the heart”), from ἀορτέω (aortéō), lengthened form of ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, raise”).
aphid
From New Latin aphis (plural aphides), coined by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in 1758. His inspiration for the name remains unclear; OED suggests it might stem from a misreading of Ancient Greek κορις (koris, “bug”) (see diagram), in which case the nominative -ις (-is) suffix was reanalyzed as -ις, -ιδος (-is, -idos); while AHD suggests a connection to Ancient Greek ἀφειδής (apheidḗs, “unsparing, lavishly borrowed”) in reference to the insects' voracity or rapid rate of production, from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + φείδομαι (pheídomai, “to spare, be thrifty, be merciful”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”).
Doublet of aphis.
apogee
From Middle French apogée, from Latin apogaeum, apogēum, from Ancient Greek ἀπόγειον (apógeion, “away from Earth”), from ἀπό (apó, “away”) + γῆ (gê, “Earth”).
apse
From Latin apsis, hapsis, from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch, vault”), from ἅπτω (háptō, “to bind, join”).
aspen
From Middle English aspen, corresponding to asp + -en.
From Middle English aspen, from Old English æspen, Old English æspan (combining form), from Old English æspe (“aspen”). More at asp.
assay
From Middle English assay (noun) and assayen (verb), from Anglo-Norman assai (noun) and Anglo-Norman assaier (verb), from Old French essai. Doublet of essay.
atone
From atone (“reconciled”), from Middle English atone, attone, atoon (“agreed”, literally “at one”), equivalent to at + one. Compare Latin adūnō (“to unite, make one”) for the similar formation. Regarding the different phonological development of atone and one, see the note in one.
audit
Borrowed from Latin audītus, from audiō (“to hear”). The sense of examine is because examinations were originally presented orally, and the examiner listened.
auger
From a rebracketing of Middle English a nauger (seen as an + auger), from Old English nafugār (“nave drill”, literally “nave spear”), from Proto-West Germanic *nabugaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *nabōgaizaz. Cognate with Dutch avegaar.
* As a French surname, borrowed from French Auger.
* As a German surname, a variant of Auer, with the -g- said to reflect a West Frisian influence.
* As an English surname, variant of Alger.
augur
Borrowed from Latin augur, of uncertain origin; akin to augurō (“interpret omens”).
auk
From Icelandic álka, from Old Norse alka (“auk”), from Proto-Germanic *alkǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁el- (“a kind of bird”). Cognate with Swedish alka (“auk”), Norwegian and Danish alke (“auk”), Swedish dialectal alla (“long-tailed duck”) (Clangula hyemalis, syn. Fuligula glacialis), Latin olor (“swan”), Ancient Greek ἐλέα (eléa, “marsh-bird”), Welsh alarch (“swan”).
axon
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-der.
Proto-Hellenic *aksōn
Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn)der.
English axon
Derived from Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn, “axis”). Via Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- cognate with inherited English axle and other borrowed axis, aisle, ala, atelier.
English surname, from the Middle English personal name Ackeson, equivalent to Acke (a pet form of Adam) + -son. The first element could also be from a variant of the female name Agatha, see also Agate.
Babel
Etymology tree
Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim)der.
Biblical Hebrew בָּבֶל (bāḇel)der.
Latin Babelder.
English Babel
From Latin Babel, from Biblical Hebrew בָּבֶל (bāḇel, “Babylon”), from Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim); in Genesis associated with the idea of confusion. Doublet of Babylon.
balk
From Middle English balke, from Old English balca, either from or influenced by Old Norse bálkr (“partition, ridge of land”), from Proto-Germanic *balkô. Cognate with Dutch balk (“balk”), German Balken (“balk”), Italian balcone (“balcony”).
From Middle English balok, ballok (“knob”), from Old English bealluc (“testicle”, literally “little ball”). Doublet of ballock and bollocks.
balsa
Etymology tree
Paleo-Hispanicder.
Spanish balsabor.
English balsa
Borrowed from Spanish balsa, from Paleo-Hispanic, probably Basque [Term?] or Iberian [Term?]. Not related to balsam.
bandy
From French bander (“to bandy at tennis”), with -y, -ie added due to influence from Spanish and Portuguese bandear and/or Old Occitan bandir (“to throw”), from the same root as English band. Compare also with banter.
From Scots bandy.
Probably from the verb bandy in the sense "toss/bat back and forth", or possibly from the Welsh word bando, most likely derived from the Proto-Germanic *bandją (“a curved stick”).
Borrowed from Telugu బండి (baṇḍi).
barre
Borrowed from French barre. Doublet of bar.
From the French surname, named after several places containing Barre in France.