MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
forthcoming
The adjective is derived from forth (“forwards”) + coming (“approaching (adjective)”); or from Middle English forth commyng, *forthcominge, present participle of forth-comen (“to come forth; to appear, issue”), from Old English forþcuman (“to come forth, come forward”) (present participle *forþcumende), from forþ- (“forth; forward”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“before, in front; first”)) + cuman (“to come”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)). Compare Dutch voortkomend (“coming forth, originating from (verb)”), German fortkommend (“getting away; progressing (verb)”).
The noun is derived from forth (“forwards”) + coming (“arrival”).
lively
From Middle English lyvely, lifly, from Old English līflīċ (“living, lively, long-lived, necessary to life, vital”), from Proto-West Germanic *lībalīk (“living, lively”), equivalent to life + -ly. Cognate with Scots lively, lifely (“of or pertaining to life, vital, living, life-like”), Old High German līblīh (“living, animated”), German leiblich (“bodily, corporeal”). Doublet of lifely and lifelike.
From Middle English lyvely, lifly, from Old English līflīċe, equivalent to life + -ly.
inner
From Middle English inner, ynner, ynnere, from Old English innera, comparative of inne (“within”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁en.
Capitalization of inner, from Middle English inner, ynner, ynnere, from Old English innera, comparative of inne (“within”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁en. A demonym for an inhabitant of inner planets of the Solar System.
uguisubari
Borrowed from Japanese 鶯張り (uguisubari).
orthopnoea
From ortho- + -pnoea, from Ancient Greek ὀρθόπνοια (orthópnoia, “breathing only in an upright posture”), from ὀρθός (orthós, “straight”) + πνοή (pnoḗ, “breath”).
Isaac
From Middle English Ysaac, from Latin Isaac, from Ancient Greek Ἰσαάκ (Isaák), from Hebrew יצחק (Yiṣḥāq, literally “he laughs, he will laugh”). Explained in Genesis as referring to his mother Sarah’s laughing when she was told she would have a son at her old age. The verb is masculine, however, perhaps due to its use as a boy’s name.
pestle
From Middle English pestel, pestell, from Old French pestel, from Latin pistillum, from pīnsō (“pound, beat”). Doublet of pistil and pistillum.
metallic
From Latin metallicus, from metallum (“metal”), from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon). Equivalent to metal + -ic.
recreate
From Middle English recreate, from the participle stem of Latin recreāre (“to restore”), from re- (“re-”) + creāre (“to create”).
slobber
From Middle English sloberen, borrowed from Middle Dutch slobberen (> Modern Dutch slobberen (“to slobber”)), related to West Frisian slobberje (“to slurp”), German Low German slubbern (“to slobber”). Doublet of slabber and slaver. Compare also German schlabbern (“to slobber”). At least in the sense of "saliva", apparently not related to English slob, from Irish slaba (“mud”).
gallows
From Middle English galwes, galewes, plural of galwe, galowe, from Old English galga, gealga, from Proto-West Germanic *galgō, from Proto-Germanic *galgô, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰalgʰ-, *ǵʰalg- (“long switch, rod, shaft, pole, perch”). The plural construction probably refers to the vertical and horizontal beams.
Compare West Frisian galge, Dutch galg, German Galgen, Danish galge, Icelandic gálgi.
For the pronunciation /ˈɡæləs/, compare bellows, bodice.
litigate
First attested in 1606; borrowed from Latin lītigātus, perfect passive participle of lītigō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from līs (“a lawsuit”, oblique stem in līt-) + -igō (denominative verb-forming suffix).
defame
From Middle English defamen, from Anglo-Norman defamer (verb), defame (noun), and its source, Latin diffāmō, from fāma (“fame; rumour; reputation”).
annunciate
From annunciātus, Medieval Latin alternative spelling of annuntiātus, past participle of Latin annūntiāre. Doublet of announce.
annunciation
From Middle English annunciacion, annunciation, from Latin annuntiātiō and Old French anonciacion.
defiant
Borrowed from French défiant, from the verb défier. Doublet of diffident. By surface analysis, def(i) + -ant.
saunter
Etymology unclear. Attested in the sense “to stroll” from the 1660s; noun sense “a stroll” attested 1828. Likely from earlier term meaning “to muse”, late 15th century, from late Middle English santren, of unknown origin. Competing theories exist:
* From Anglo-Norman sauntrer (mid 14th century), from Middle French s'aventurer (“to take risks”); however, this is considered unlikely by the OED. Compare Middle English aunter (“adventure”).
* Of Germanic origin, with proposed cognates including German schlendern, Dutch slenteren, Danish slentre, Swedish släntra, and Icelandic slentur, all meaning “to stroll”.
* From Old French sentier (“path”). In this case, santren would reflect earlier *sa(u)nteren, *senteren /sa(u̯)nˈteːrən/, /sɛnˈteːrən/, with Late Middle English stress shift and concomitant vowel reduction.
Various fanciful folk etymologies have also been given.
kinesics
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κῑ́νησῐς (kī́nēsĭs, “motion”, noun) + English -ics (suffix forming nouns denoting fields of knowledge or practice), coined by the American anthropologist Ray L. Birdwhistell (1918–1994) in his work Introduction to Kinesics (1952) (see the quotation). Κῑ́νησῐς (Kī́nēsĭs) is derived from κῑνέω (kīnéō, “to set in motion, move”) (from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to be lying down; to settle”)) + -σῐς (-sĭs, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result). Compare kinesia and kinesic.
metanoete
Borrowed from Ancient Greek μετανοῆτε (metanoête), subjunctive of μετανοῶ (metanoô, “to repent”), from the Gospel of Luke:
:
οὐχί, λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀλλ’ ἐὰν μὴ μετανοῆτε, πάντες ὁμοίως ἀπολεῖσθε.
oukhí, légō humîn, all’ eàn mḕ metanoête, pántes homoíōs apoleîsthe.
I tell you, no! But unless you repent, you too will all perish. ―Luke 13:3 and 13:5, NIV
mukluk
Borrowed from Yup'ik maklak (“bearded seal”), referring to sealskin used to make boots, originally derived from Proto-Eskimo *makla (“bearded seal, spotted seal”).
Nagraj
From Sanskrit नागराज (nāgarāja, “king of snakes”). The surname is from Marathi नागराज (nāgrāj).
Nambissan
Borrowed from Malayalam നമ്പീശൻ (nampīśaṉ). This surname is mostly found in Kerala, among those who work in the temples and perform the duty of making temple garlands. It is often a surname of the brahmins in Kerala.
nidorous
From nidor (“the unpleasant smell of some cooked animal substances”) + -ous, or from Medieval Latin nidorosus.
snort
From Middle English snorten, from earlier fnorten, from Old English *fnorettan, related to Middle English snoren, fnoren, from Old English fnora. See snore and sneeze for more on the change from fn- to sn-.
Dvorak
From Czech Dvořák, from Old Czech dvořák (“attendant, tenant farmer”), equivalent to dvůr (“court, courtyard, estate, farm”) + -ák (“-er, -an: forming related nouns”). The keyboard is named after the American inventor August Dvorak.
artistic
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂értis
Proto-Italic *artis
Latin ars
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)
Proto-Hellenic *-tās
Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs)
Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)der.
Latin -ista
Late Latin artistader.
French artiste
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -ique
Middle French -ique
French -ique
French artistiquebor.
English artistic
Borrowed from French artistique, from artiste + -ique. By surface analysis, artist + -ic.
caffeine
Borrowed from French caféine, from café (“coffee”), or German Caffein, Kaffein (cp. Coffein, Koffein), from Kaffee (“coffee”) (cp. Kaffe, Koffee, Koffe), or Italian caffè (“coffee”) + -ine.
cypress
From Middle English cipres, from Old French cipres (French cyprès), from Late Latin cypressus; compare Hebrew גֹּפֶר (gōp̄er), the name of the tree whose wood was used to make the ark (Genesis. vi:14), also κύπρος (relating to aromatic pitch).
nervous
From Middle English nervous (“composed of or incorporating nerves”), from Latin nervōsus (“nervous; sinewy; energetic, vigorous”), from nervus (“nerve; muscle; sinew, tendon; (figuratively) energy, power; nerve; force, strength, vigour”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *snéh₁wr̥ (“sinew, tendon”)) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of, prone to’ forming adjectives from nouns). The English word is analysable as nerve + -ous.
apprehensive
From Latin apprehensīvus, from apprehensus, perfect passive participle of apprehendō (“to apprehend, understand, learn”) + -īvus (“-ive”).
pantry
From Middle English panetrie, from Old French paneterie, related to Latin panis (“bread”).
pena
From Manipuri ꯄꯦꯅꯥ (penā).
Borrowed from Manipuri ꯄꯦꯅꯥ (penā).
Borrowed from Spanish Peña.
piety
From Middle English piete, borrowed from Middle French pieté, from Latin pietās. See also the doublets pietà and pity. By surface analysis, pious + -ety.
thetan
c. Mid 20th c., Coined by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, from theta + -n, from Ancient Greek θῆτα (thêta, “theta”), used in Scientology to represent the source of life.
barbiturate
Borrowed from German Barbiturat, equivalent to barbituric + -ate.
dynamite
Coined by Alfred Nobel in 1867. Ultimately from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis, “power”) + -ite, most likely under the influence of dynamo or dynamic.
suborn
PIE word
 *upó
Borrowed from Anglo-Norman suburner, subhorner, and Middle French suborner, subourner (“to induce (someone) to commit a crime (specifically perjury) or wrongdoing”) (modern French suborner (“to suborn; to bribe”)), and from its etymon Latin subōrnāre, the present active infinitive of subōrnō (“to incite, instigate, suborn; to instruct one for a secret purpose; to adorn, dress; to equip, furnish, provide; to make one appear as (something)”), from sub- (prefix meaning ‘under’) + ōrnō (“to equip, furnish, provide; to adorn, decorate, ornament”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to put together, fit; to fix; to slot”)).
Cognates
* Catalan subornar
* Italian subornare
* Old Occitan subornar, sobornar
* Portuguese subornar
* Spanish subornar (obsolete), sobornar
misogyny
From Ancient Greek μισογυνία (misogunía) and μισογύνης (misogúnēs, “woman hater”), from μισέω (miséō, “I hate”) + γυνή (gunḗ, “woman”). By surface analysis, miso- + -gyny.
porphyrin
Etymology tree
German Porphyrinbor.
English porphyrin
From German Porphyrin, shortened from Hämatoporphyrin (“haematoporphyrin”).
cavity
From Middle French cavité or Late Latin cavitās, from cav(i) (“hollow, excavated, concave”) + -tās (“-ity”, nominal suffix). First attested in the Mid-16th c.
orthosis
From Ancient Greek ὄρθωσις (órthōsis, “making straight”). By surface analysis, ortho- + -osis.
orthostat
Ancient Greek ὀρθοστάτης (orthostátēs, “upright shaft”); analysable as ortho- + -stat.
verification
From Middle French verification (modern French vérification) or its etymon Medieval Latin vērificātiō. By surface analysis, verificate + -ion.
ecclesiastical
From Middle English ecclesiasticall, ecclesiasticalle, from Latin ecclēsiasticus + -al. By surface analysis, ecclesiastic + -al or ecclesiast + -ical.
obelisk
From Middle French obelisque, from Latin obeliscus (“obelisk”), from Ancient Greek ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós, “needle”). Compare obelus.
promiscuous
From Latin prōmiscuus (“mixed, not separated”), from prō (“forth”) + misceō (“mix”).
swab
Mid 17th century (in the sense 'mop for cleaning the decks'): back-formation from Middle English swabber (“sailor detailed to swab decks”), from Middle Dutch zwabber, from a Germanic base meaning 'splash' or 'sway', also found as nautical German Schwabber and Volga German Schwabber ("scrubber, mop, swab")
rutter
From Middle Dutch ruter, rutter, variants of ruiter, from Middle French routier (“mercenary soldier”), corresponding to route + ier; see rout.
From Middle French routier, corresponding to route + -ier.
* As an English surname, from rote (musical instrument), as well as from Old French routier (“robber”)
* As a Dutch surname, from Middle Dutch ruter (“freebooter”), itself cognate with the Old French term. Also see Reuter.
veracity
From Middle French véracité, from Old French veracitie, from Medieval Latin vērācitās (“truthfulness”), from Latin vērāx (“truthful, speaking truth”), from vērus (“true, real”). See very.
rehearsal
From Middle English rehercel, rehersail, rehersall, from rehersen and apparently partly Middle French rehercel. By surface analysis, rehearse + -al.
pavilion
From Middle English pavilloun, from Anglo-Norman pavilloun, from Latin pāpiliōnem, form of pāpiliō (“butterfly, moth”) (due to resemblance of tent to a butterfly’s wings), of unknown origin. Doublet of papilio and papillon.
Cognate to French pavillon (“pavilion”) and papillon (“butterfly”), and similar terms in other Romance languages.
Chazal
From Hebrew חז״ל (khazál), which is an acronym for חכמינו זיכרונם לברכה (khakhaméinu zikhronám livrakhá, “our sages, of blessed memory”).
Borrowed from French Chazal.
intermittent
From Middle French intermittent, from Latin intermittens (“sending between”), from prefix inter- (“among, on”) + mittens (“sending”), from mittere (“to send”).
sycamore
Circa 1350 as Middle English sicamour, from Old French sicamor, from Latin sȳcomorus, from Ancient Greek σῡκόμορος (sūkómoros, literally “fig-mulberry”), from σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”) + μόρον (móron, “mulberry”). Possibly influenced by Hebrew שִׁקְמָה (shikmá, “fig-mulberry”).
In the 16th c. applied to the European maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), in the early 19th c. to various plane tree species introduced to North America, perhaps in analogy to their shadiness.
flourish
From Middle English floryschen, from Old French florir (via the arrhizotonic stem floriss-), from Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre, from Latin flōrem (“flower”, noun). Corresponds to flower + -ish.
amend
From Middle English amenden, from Old French amender, from Latin ēmendō (“free from faults”), from ex (“from, out of”) + mendum (“fault”). Compare aphetic mend. Doublet of emend.
Francis
From Medieval Latin Franciscus (“French(man)”) (from Francia (“France”)). Doublet of Francisco and Franz.
erroneous
From late Middle English erroneous, from Middle French erroneux, from Latin erroneus.
synamphoteron
Borrowed from Ancient Greek συναμφότεροι (sunamphóteroi, “both together”).
Min Nan
Borrowed from Mandarin 閩南 /闽南 (Mǐn Nán).
Chuvash
Borrowed from Russian чуваш (čuvaš), see there for more.
cybernetic
Borrowed from Ancient Greek κυβερνητικός (kubernētikós, “good at steering, good pilot”), from κυβερνητική τέχνη (kubernētikḗ tékhnē, “the pilot’s art”), from Ancient Greek κυβερνισμός (kubernismós), κυβέρνησις (kubérnēsis, “steering, pilotage, guiding”), from κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, to drive, to guide, to act as a pilot”) (which is also ultimately the root of govern). The term first recorded in English in 1948.
cybernetics
From Ancient Greek κυβερνήτης (kubernḗtēs, “steersman”), from κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, drive, guide, act as a pilot”) (whence English govern). The term is attested since at least 1948 in the book Cybernetics by Norbert Wiener, influenced by the cognate term and doublet governor, the name of an early control device proposed by James Clerk Maxwell in 1868. Note also the 1830s French cybernétique (“the art of governing”). Also doublet of Kubernetes.
transmission
Borrowed from Latin transmissionem (accusative of transmissio), from transmittere.
concurrent
From Middle English concurrent, from Old French concurrent, from Latin concurrēns, present active participle of concurrō (“happen at the same time”), from con- (“with”) + currō (“run”).
twitch
From Middle English twicchen, from Old English *twiċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *twikkijan (“to nail, pin, fasten, clasp, pinch”).
Cognate with English tweak, Low German twikken, German Low German twicken (“to pinch, pinch off”), zweckōn and gizwickan (> German zwicken (“to pinch”)).
iso-
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek ῐ̓́σος (ĭ́sos)lbor.
English iso-
Internationalism. Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”).
recumbent
From Latin present participle recumbēns, from recumbō (“to recline”).
covering
Present participle or participial adjective from cover (verb) + -ing; or, from Middle English coverynge, participle form of coveren, keveren (“to cover”).
From Middle English coverynge, -inge, keverynge, -inge [verbal noun of coveren, keveren (“to cover”)]; or, verbal noun from cover (verb) + -ing.
arachnid
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη (ărắkhnē)
Ancient Greek -ῐς (-ĭs)
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ς (-ĭ́s)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *-ēs
Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs)
Ancient Greek -ίδης (-ídēs)bor.
Latin -idēsbor.
Middle French -ide
French -ide
French arachnidebor.
English arachnid
From international scientific vocabulary, from French arachnide (1809, Lamarck), from New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē, “spider”) with the suffix -id. By surface analysis, arachn- + -id.
terrific
From French terrifique, and its source, Latin terrificus (“terrifying”), from terrēre (“to frighten, terrify”) + -ficus, related to facere (“to make”). By surface analysis, terrify + -ic.
The sense of excellent or amazing is an ameliorative semantic shift from the original sense of terrifying. Compare similar semantic development in sick and wicked.
Kevin
Name of a seventh-century Irish saint, from Irish Caoimhghin or Caoimhín, from Old Irish Cóemgen (literally “dear birth/person”). It first became popular outside Ireland in the mid-twentieth century.
personally
From Middle English personally, personely, personallich, personaliche, equivalent to personal + -ly.
heavily
From Middle English hevely, hevyliche, from Old English hefiġlīċe (“heavily; grievously”), equivalent to heavy + -ly.
Francisco
From Latin Franciscus. Doublet of Francis.
* (given name): From Romance Francisco (Portuguese Francisco, Spanish Francisco)
* (moon of Uranus): From the naming pattern established for moons of Uranus, being references to the works of William Shakespeare. From being a character in the play The Tempest
distinction
From Middle English distinccioun, from Old French distinction (attested from the 12th century), borrowed from Latin distinctiōnem, action noun of distinguō (“separate, distinguish”). Attested in English from the late 14th century.
cockatiel
From Dutch kaketielje, possibly a diminutive of kaketoe (“cockatoo”) or derived in Dutch from a diminutive of Portuguese cacatua (“cockatoo”) such as cacatilho or cacatelho. Attested in English since the mid nineteenth century.
cactus
From taxonomic name Cactus, a name given in 1752 by Linnaeus for a genus of cacti (now superseded by the genus name Mammillaria), from Latin cactus, from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”), possibly of Pre-Greek origin.
beadle
From Middle English bedel, bidel, from Old English bydel (“warrant officer, apparitor”), from Proto-West Germanic *budil, from Proto-Germanic *budilaz (“herald”), equivalent to bid + -le. Cognate with Dutch beul, German Büttel. More at bid.
taboo
Borrowed from Tongan tapu (“prohibited, sacred”), from Proto-Polynesian *tapu, from Proto-Oceanic *tabu, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *tambu. Doublet of kapu. First attested in c. 1777.
The p in the Tongan source was misheard as b.
Tatar
From a Turkic language. More at Tatars.
Borrowed from Czech, Slovak, Polish Tatar and Hungarian Tatár, an ethnic surname for a Tatar person.
obituary
PIE word
 *h₁epi
Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin obituārius (“obituary”) + English -ary (suffix denoting something relating to another thing or used in a place). Obituārius is derived from Latin obitus (“act of approaching or going toward, an approach; act of going down, setting; of the sun: sunset; death; destruction, downfall, ruin”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives and agent nouns); while obitus is a noun use of the perfect passive participle of obeō (“to go to meet, go towards; (figurative) to die, pass away, perish; (astronomy) to set”), from ob- (prefix meaning ‘toward’) + eō (“to go, move”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).
oblige
From Middle English obligen, from Old French obligier, obliger, from Latin obligō, obligāre, from ob- + ligō. Doublet of obligate, taken straight from Latin.
obnoxious
PIE word
 *h₁epi
Learned borrowing from Latin obnoxiōsus (“subject to someone, under someone’s authority”) + English -ous (suffix denoting the presence of a quality in any degree, typically an abundance). Obnoxiōsus is derived from obnoxius (“guilty, punishable; subject to someone, under someone’s authority”) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of; overly; prone to’, forming adjectives from nouns).
obscene
From Middle French obscene (modern French obscène (“indecent, obscene”)), and from its etymon Latin obscēnus, obscaenus (“inauspicious; ominous; disgusting, filthy; offensive, repulsive; indecent, lewd, obscene”).
The further etymology is uncertain, but may be from ob- (prefix meaning ‘towards’) + caenum (“dirt, filth; mire, mud”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyn- (“to make dirty, soil; filth; mud”)) or scaevus (“left, on the left side; clumsy; (figurative) unlucky”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skeh₂iwo-). If from caenum, the unexpected extra -s- may be from a variant form of the original PIE root; a similar -s- exists in ex-.
obscurity
From Middle English obscurite, obscuryte, from Middle French obscurité and its etymon Latin obscūritās. By surface analysis, obscure + -ity.
fumble
From late Middle English, from Low German fummeln, fommeln, fammeln (German fummeln), or Dutch fommelen.
Or, perhaps from a Scandinavian/North Germanic source; compare related Old Norse fálma, Icelandic fálma, Danish fumle, especially Swedish fumla, famla, with variants: fumbla (“fumble”), fambla (“famble”), related to Swedish fim, fem (Danish fim, Norwegian fim, feima), with a root meaning of “cover, coating of foam or figuratively ditto”, cognate to German Feim (“surf”) and English foam. Possibly has (a more or less unconscious) connection to fathom (via Old Norse faðmr, Swedish famn) in the sense of “embrace”.
The ultimate origin for either could perhaps be imitative of fumbling. Or, from Proto-Indo-European *pal- (“to shake, swing”), see also Latin palpo (“to pat, touch softly”), and possibly Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).
filigree
From French filigrane, from Italian filigrana, from Latin fīlum (“thread”) + grānum (“grain”).
espouse
From Middle English espousen, borrowed from Old French espouser, from Latin spōnsāre (frequentative of spondeō), from Proto-Indo-European *spend-.
Plutarch
Via Latin Plūtarchus from Ancient Greek Πλούτᾰρχος (Ploútărkhos).
quiddity
From Middle English quidite, from Old French quidité, and its source, Late Latin quidditas, from Latin quid (“what”) + -itas (“-ness”).
sig
From Middle English sige. Cognate with Middle Dutch seic, seike, Middle Low German seyche. Related also to sink (“to fall”).
caption
Borrowed from Latin captiō (“deception, fraud”), from the past participle of capiō (“to take, to seize”) (English capture). Compare Middle English capcioun (“seizure, capture”).
captivate
Learned borrowing from Late Latin captīvātus, the perfect passive participle of captīvō (“to capture”), from Latin captīvus (“captive, prisoner”) (ultimately from capiō (“to capture, seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to hold; to seize”)) + -ō (suffix forming first-conjugation verbs). Equivalent to captive + -ate (verb-forming suffix).
carat
From Middle French carat, from Italian carato, from Arabic قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ, “carat, similarly small units such as inches”), from Ancient Greek κεράτιον (kerátion, “hornlet, carob seed”), from κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix). Doublet of quilate and keratin.
cope
Etymology tree
Old French couperder.
English cope
From Middle English coupen, from Old French coper, couper (“to strike, to cut”). The noun use went mainstream around 2020.
From Middle English cope, from Medieval Latin cāpa (“cape”) Doublet of cap, cape, and chape.
From Middle English copen, borrowed from Middle Dutch copen. Cognate with Dutch kopen, German kaufen.
coy
From Middle English coy, from Old French coi, earlier quei (“quiet, still”), from Latin qu(i)ētus (“resting, at rest”). Doublet of quit, quiet, quite, and quietus.