MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Ness
Named after the River Ness, of Celtic/Pictish origin, from a Proto-Celtic word *Nesta describing great currents, according to MacBain, from the same Proto-Indo-European root that gave the river Νέστος (Néstos), possibly *ned- (“water”).
From Middle English nesse (in placenames), from Old English næs, from Proto-Germanic *nasją (“promontory; ness”); cognate with Middle Low German nes, Icelandic nes, Swedish näs, Danish næs, Old Norse nes. Related to nose.
whomsoever
From Middle English whom so evere, whom soever, whom-so-ever, whom-so-evere, whomsoever, whom-so-evyr. By surface analysis, whom + so + ever.
Cheyenne
Borrowed from French Cheyenne, from Dakota šahíyena, from Dakota šaia (“to speak incoherently”), from Dakota ša (“red”) and Dakota ya (“to speak”).
persiflage
From French persiflage, from persifler (“to quiz, tease, mock”), from per- + siffler (“to whistle”), from Latin sībilō (“whistle”).
pertinacious
From pertinace + -ious, from Old French pertinace, from Latin pertinax, from per- (“very”) + tenax (“tenacious”).
plangent
From Latin plangēns, present participle of plangō (“to beat; to lament”).
compere
A borrowing of French compère (“partner, accomplice”), from Old French comper, from Late Latin compater (“godfather”), from Latin com- (“with”) + pater (“father”). Doublet of compeer, compadre, and goombah.
dauphin
Inherited from Middle English Dauphin, from Middle French dauphin, from Old French dalphin, from Latin delphinus; the modern pronunciation is sometimes remodelled on Modern French. Doublet of dolphin.
From French Dauphin.
Mach
* As a Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Lower Sorbian surname, from pet forms produced by truncation of personal names beginning with Ma- such as Matej, Martin, or Maciej, and the addition of the Slavic suffix -ch.
* As a Jewish surname, from German Mache (“work”).
* Less commonly, a respelling of Hungarian Mács, a pet form of names corresponding to Matthew.
* In some cases, from Vietnamese (Mạch, itself from the Chinese name 麥 /麦) or Cambodian, from Khmer ម៉ាច (maac).
transpiration
Borrowed from Middle French transpiration, from Medieval Latin transpiratio, from transpiro, from Latin trans + spiro.
transubstantiation
Borrowed from Medieval Latin trānsubstantiātiō.
tenant
From Middle English tenaunt, from Anglo-Norman tenaunt and Old French tenant, present participle of tenir (“to hold”), from Latin tenēre (“hold, keep”).
mishap
From Middle English mishap, myshappe, myssehappe, equivalent to mis- + hap.
From Middle English mishappen, equivalent to mis- + hap.
ween
From Middle English wene, from Old English wēn, wēna (“hope, weening, expectation”), from Proto-West Germanic *wāni, from Proto-Germanic *wēniz, *wēnǭ (“hope, expectation”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to strive, love, want, reach, win”). Cognate with Dutch waan (“delusion”), Afrikaans waan (“delusion”), German Wahn (“illusion, false hope”).
From Middle English wenen, from Old English wēnan, from Proto-Germanic *wēnijaną. Cognate with Dutch wanen, German wähnen.
From Middle English weinen (“to wail, lament”), from Old English wānian (“to bewail, lament”), from Proto-Germanic *wainōną (“to cry, lament, grieve”). Cognate with Dutch wenen (“to weep, cry”), German weinen (“to weep, cry”), Icelandic veina (“to wail, cry out”), West Frisian weine (“to weep, cry”).
hoise
Probably from Middle Dutch hisen (modern Dutch hijsen) or Middle Low German hissen. Compare hoist, the modern form.
orbiculate
First attested in 1650; borrowed from Latin orbiculātus, from orbiculus; see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix).
favourable
From Middle English favourable, from Old French favorable, from Latin favōrābilis, from favor. By surface analysis, favour + -able.
chagrin
From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”), of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”), from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”). The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of "lamenting or yowling like cats" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”)).
An alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”), with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish [script needed] (sağrı, “the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning "sorrow".
servitor
From Middle English servitour, borrowed from Latin servītor, from servīre (“to serve”).
Erika
Spelling variant of Erica, the feminine form of Eric, or borrowed directly from modern Scandinavia, ultimately from Old Norse Eiríkr.
favorable
From Middle English favourable, from Old French favorable, from Latin favōrābilis, from favor. By surface analysis, favor + -able.
flugelhorn
Borrowed from German Flügelhorn, from Flügel (“wing, flank”) + horn.
vermicelli
From Italian vermicelli, plural of vermicello (“little worm”), from verme (“worm”), from Latin vermis + -cello (“diminutive suffix”).
clarinet
Borrowed from Italian clarinetto, diminutive of clarino (“trumpet”) (as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet), from Latin clarus.
Alternatively, the word may come from French clarinette, diminutive form of clarine (“bell”), from clarin, from clair (“clear”), from Latin clarus.
coalescence
From Middle French coalescence and its etymon Latin coalēscentia. Doublet of coalescency. By surface analysis, coalesce + -ence.
fusible
From Middle English fusible, from Old French fusible, from Medieval Latin fusibilis.
notoriety
Derived from Middle French notoriété, from Medieval Latin nōtōrietās, from nōtōrius, from nōtus (“known”), perfect passive participle of nōscō (“get to know”). By surface analysis, notorious + -ety.
oregano
18th century, from Spanish orégano (“wild marjoram”), from Latin orīganum, from Ancient Greek ὀρίγανον (oríganon). Doublet of origanum.
notorious
From Late Middle English notoryous, from Medieval Latin nōtōrius (“evident, known; famous, well-known; infamous”), from Latin nōtus (“known, recognized; familiar, widely known; famous, well-known; infamous”) + -tōrius (suffix forming adjectives). Nōtus is the perfect passive participle of nōscō (“to become acquainted with or learn about (something); (rare) to be familiar with, recognize”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know; to recognize”).
cognates
* Catalan notori (“well-known”)
* Middle French notoire (Anglo-Norman notoire, notoir, notore, notorie, modern French notoire (“notorious; well-known”))
* Italian notorio (“notorious; well-known”)
* Portuguese notorjo (obsolete), notório (“illustrious; open, public; notorious”)
* Spanish notorio (“apparent, clear, obvious; well-known”)
sporran
From Scottish Gaelic sporan (“purse”), from Middle Irish sparán, possibly from Late Latin bursa (“purse”), ultimately from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “leather, hide”).
Phanerozoic
From Ancient Greek φανερός (phanerós, “visible”) + ζωή (zōḗ, “life”) + -ic.
Archaean
From Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖα (arkhaîa, “ancient”), neuter plural of ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos, “ancient”).
specialty
From Middle English specialte, Old French specialte, especialte, from Latin specialitas.
compartment
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Proto-Italic *kom-
Latin com-
Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-der.?
Proto-Italic *partis
Latin pars
Latin partiō
Latin partior
Latin compartīrībor.
Italian compartire
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom
Proto-Italic *-məntom
Latin -mentum
Italian -mento
Italian compartimentobor.
Middle French compartimentder.
English compartment
First attested 1564, from Middle French compartiment, from Italian compartimento, from Late Latin compartiri (“to divide with, to share with”), from com- + partiri (“to apportion, to divide, to share”).
Mehran
From Persian مهران (mehrân), from Middle Persian mtrʾn (mihrān). Related to Persian مهر (mehr) and Mithra.
mortise
From Middle English morteys, from Old French mortaise, from Arabic مُرْتَزّ (murtazz, “fastened”), from اِرْتَزَّ (irtazza).
Neogene
From neo- + -gene. From Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new”) + γενεά (geneá, “generation”). Compare Ancient Greek νεογενής (neogenḗs).
Paleogene
From paleo- + -gene. From Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós, “old”) + γενεά (geneá, “generation”).
Calymmian
From Ancient Greek κάλυμμα (kálumma, “covering”).
lue
Clipping of dillue (“sift with a sieve”), from Cornish dyllo (“sift with a sieve”).
From the Dutch and north German surname, spelling variant of Loo.
Holocene
From French Holocène, based on holo- (“whole”) + Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “fresh, new”). Coined to replace the earlier (1833) label Recent, formally submitted in 1867 and officially endorsed in 1969. The concept is that this epoch is entirely (wholly) new. By surface analysis, holo- + -cene.
Pleistocene
From Ancient Greek πλεῖστος (pleîstos, “most”) and καινός (kainós, “new”), meaning “newest”, coined by Charles Lyell in 1839. By surface analysis, containing the suffix -cene.
Pliocene
From Ancient Greek πλείων (pleíōn, “more”) + καινός (kainós, “new”). Coined by English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell in 1831 for Charles Lyell, who introduced it in 1833 in his book Principles of Geology. By surface analysis, pleio- + -cene.
Miocene
From Ancient Greek μείων (meíōn, “less”) + καινός (kainós, “new”). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1831 for Charles Lyell, who introduced it in 1833 in his book Principles of Geology. By surface analysis, meio- + -cene.
Oligocene
From German Oligozän (originally spelt Oligocän, coined in 1854). By surface analysis, oligo- + -cene.
Eocene
From Ancient Greek ἠώς (ēṓs, “dawn”) + καινός (kainós, “new”) and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1831 for Charles Lyell, who introduced it in 1833 in his book Principles of Geology. By surface analysis, eo- + -cene.
Paleocene
From French Paléocène. Coined by French botanist Wilhelm Philippe Schimper in 1874. By surface analysis, paleo- + -cene.
Ludlow
From the Old English river name Hlūde, now the River Teme, + hlǣw (“mountain, hill, mound”).
Llandovery
From Welsh Llanymddyfri (literally “church near the waters”).
badly
From Middle English badly, baddely, baddeliche, equivalent to bad + -ly.
gesso
Borrowed from Italian gesso. Doublet of gypsum. Compare Portuguese gesso (“gypsum; plaster, cast”) and Spanish yeso (“gypsum; plaster, cast”).
notation
From Latin notātiō, equivalent to notate + -ion or note + -ation.
leisure
From Middle English leyser, from Anglo-Norman leisir, variant of Old French loisir (“to enjoy oneself”) (Modern French loisir survives as a noun), substantive use of a verb, from Latin licēre (“be permitted”). Displaced native Old English ǣmetta.
leister
From earlier leyster, lister, perhaps via Middle English *lēster, *līster, from Old Norse ljóstr (“leister”), from ljósta (“to smite, strike; to hit, strike (with an arrow or spear)”), from Proto-Germanic *leustaną (“to hit, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *lew-s- (“to loosen (by knocking)”); the word is cognate with Danish lyster (“fish spear, gig, leister”), Icelandic ljósta (“to hit, strike”), Norwegian Bokmål lyster (dialectal Norwegian lioster), Swedish ljuster.
convalescent
From French convalescent, from Latin convalēscēn(t-)s, present participle of convalēscere (“to become strong or well”); see convalesce.
ballot
Borrowed from Italian balota (obsolete), ballotta (“small ball, especially one used to register a vote”), from balla (“bale, bundle”) + -otta (suffix forming diminutive nouns); or from Middle French balote (obsolete), ballotte (“small ball used to register a vote”) (also compare Middle French balotiage, French ballottage (“second ballot, runoff”)); both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *ballu (“ball”), from Proto-Germanic *balluz (“ball”).
croquette
Borrowed from French croquette, from croquer (“to crunch”) + -ette (suffix indicating diminution). Doublet of korokke.
landau
Named after the German city of Landau, where such carriages were first made. Compare German Landauer.
From German Landau.
poignant
From Middle English poynaunt, poynant, borrowed from Anglo-Norman puignant, poynaunt etc., present participle of poindre (“to prick”), from Latin pungō (“prick”). Doublet of pungent.
Terence
From Latin Terentius, a Roman family name of obscure origin, borne by a Roman playwright and by early Christian saints.
* In Ireland, it has been used to represent Turlough.
flick
From Middle English flykke (“light blow or stroke”). Later uses apparently interpreted as a back-formation from flicker.
The use of flick to mean a film or movie derives from the fact that early films had a low frame rate, thus causing the film to "flick" rapidly when projected onto a screen.
cello
Clipping of violoncello, the original name, from Italian violoncello (“little violone”), from violone (“an early form of the double bass”) + -cello (“-elle”, forming diminutives), violone (“big viola”) itself being derived from viola + -one (“-oon”, forming augmentatives).
swart
From Middle English swart, from Old English sweart, from Proto-West Germanic *swart, from Proto-Germanic *swartaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swerd-. Doublet of Schwarz.
From Middle English swarten, from Old English sweartian, from Proto-West Germanic *swartōn, from Proto-Germanic *swartōną. By surface analysis, swart + -en.
English and Dutch surname, from swart (“dark-haired, dark-skinned, swarthy”).
geminatio vocalium
Borrowed from Latin geminatio vocalium (“doubling of vowels”).
Laplace
Borrowed from French Laplace.
From French La Place, from la (“the”)+place (“place”).
solon
From Ancient Greek Σόλων (Sólōn), the name of an influential Athenian statesman.
compulsion
Borrowed from Middle French compulsion, from Late Latin compulsiō, from Latin compellere (“to compel, coerce”); see compel.
slop
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *slewbʰ-
Proto-Germanic *slup-?
Old English *slop
Middle English slop
English slop
From Middle English slop, sloppe, slope, from Old English *slop (found in oferslop (“an outergarment, surplice”)). Cognate with Icelandic sloppur (“a long, loose gown”).
Etymology tree
Old English *sloppe
Middle English *sloppe?
English slop
Probably from Middle English *sloppe (attested in plural form sloppes), representing Old English *sloppe (attested in cūsloppe), alternative form of Old English slyppe. Related to slip.
(Internet slang) Possibly a backformation from goyslop.
ochlocracy
From Middle French ochlocratie, from Ancient Greek ὀχλοκρατία (okhlokratía), from ὄχλος (ókhlos, “multitude, crowd”) + κράτος (krátos, “power”). Equivalent to ochlo- + -cracy.
schizophrenia
From German Schizophrenie (coined by Eugen Bleuler), from Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) + φρήν (phrḗn, “mind, heart, diaphragm”) + English -ia. A combination of schizo- + -phrenia.
votive
From Middle French votif, from Latin vōtīvus (“votive”), from vōtum (“vow”).
capisce
Unadapted borrowing from the spoken Neapolitan and Sicilian equivalents of either of the following:
* Italian capisce (literally “he, she, etc., understands”), the third-person singular present indicative form; or
* capisci (literally “you understand”) (possibly with the final vowel dropped or reduced in informal speech), the second-person singular present indicative form;
of capire (“to understand”), from Latin capere, the present active infinitive of capiō (“to capture, catch, seize; to comprehend, understand; etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to grab, seize; to hold”).
shooting
From Middle English shoting, schoting, from Old English scotung (“shooting”), from Proto-Germanic *skutungō, equivalent to shoot + -ing. Cognate with Dutch schieting, German Erschießung (“shooting”), Swedish skjutning (“shooting”).
procreation
From Old French procreacion, from Latin prōcreātiō (“generation”), the noun of action from prōcreāre (“to bring forth”), itself from prō- (“forth”) + creāre (“to create”). First attested in c. 1386.
precession
From Middle English precessioun, precession, from Medieval Latin prēcessiōn-, prēcessio, from Latin praecēdō.
Plato
From Middle English Plato, Platon, from Latin Platō, Platōn, from Ancient Greek Πλάτων (Plátōn), from πλατύς (platús, “broad, wide”), either because of Plato's robust body, or wide forehead or the breadth of his eloquence.
doze
From Middle English *dosen, from Old Norse dúsa (“to doze, rest, remain quiet”), from Proto-Germanic *dusāną (“to be dizzy”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“to fly, whirl”), from *dʰew- (“to fly, shake, reek, steam, smolder”).
Cognate with Old Frisian dusia (“to be dizzy”), German Low German dösen (“to doze”), German dösen (“to doze”), Danish døse (“to doze”), dialectal Swedish dusa (“to doze, slumber”), Icelandic dúsa (“to doze”), Old English dysiġ (“foolish, stupid”), Scots dosnit (“stunned, stupefied”), Icelandic dúra (“to nap, slumber”), also compare Dutch doezelen (“to doze”). More at dizzy.
droop
Inherited from Middle English droupen, from Old Norse drúpa (“to droop”), from Proto-Germanic *drūpaną, *drupōną (“to hang down, drip, drop”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewb- (“to drip, drop”). Doublet of drip and drop.
sexagenarian
From Latin sexāgēnārius (“containing 60”) + -an (forming adjectives and representative nouns), either directly or via French sexagénaire, from Latin sexāgēnus (“60 each”) + -ārius (“-ary”), from sexāgintā (“six tens, 60”).
invalid
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *né
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Italic *ən-
Latin in-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl̥h₁éh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *walēō
Latin valeō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin validus
Latin invalidusbor.
Middle French invalidebor.
English invalid
Borrowed from Middle French invalide, from Latin invalidus (“infirm, weak”), from in- (“not”) + validus (“strong”).
elaborate
1575, from Late Latin ēlabōrātus (“worked out”), past participle of ēlabōrō (“to work out”), from ē- (“out, forth, fully”) + labor (“work, toil, exertion”). More at e-, labour.
immensurable
From Middle English immensurable, from Old French, from Latin immēnsūrābilis, from im- (“not”) (variant form of in-) + mēnsūra (“measure”) + -bilis (“able”).
sizzle
Probably a derivative of Middle English sissen (“to hiss; buzz; hum”), equivalent to siss + -le (frequentative suffix).
Jesuit
Learned borrowing from New Latin Iēsūīta, from Latin Iēsūs + -īta.
theoretical
From Middle English theorothycall, probably from Latin theōrēticus + -al, from Ancient Greek θεωρητικός (theōrētikós).
Harold
From a merger of Old English Hereweald and Old English Harold (itself from Old Norse Haraldr), both from Proto-Germanic *Harjawaldaz, from *harjaz (“army”) + *waldaz (“ruler, authority”). Related to Walter, which has the elements reversed. Cognate with Danish, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish Harald, Faroese and Icelandic Haraldur.
hew
From Middle English hewen, from Old English hēawan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to strike, hew, forge”).
Cognate to West Frisian houwe (“to hew”), Cimbrian hauan (“to dig”), Dutch houwen (“to hew”), German hauen (“to hew”), Luxembourgish haen (“to chop”), Danish hugge (“to hew”), Faroese høgga (“to hew”), Icelandic höggva (“to hew”), Norwegian Bokmål hogge, hugge (“to hew”), Norwegian Nynorsk hogga (“to hew”), Swedish hugga (“to hew”). Sense 3 derives from the phrase hew to the line (literally “cut evenly with an axe or saw”).
anhydrous
From an- + Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) + -ous.
swoop
From Middle English swopen, from Old English swāpan (“to sweep”). Doublet of swaip. See also sweep, which was probably the basis for analogical restoration of /w/ in this word.
Holy Father
From Middle English haly fadire, Haliʒ Fæder, equivalent to holy + Father.
tergiversator
From Latin tergiversator (“avoider”). Equivalent to tergiversate + -or.
astronomer
From Middle English astronomer, equivalent to astronomy + -er. Displaced native Old English tungolcræftiga.
meze
From Turkish meze and Greek μεζές (mezés), both from Ottoman Turkish مزه (meze), from Iranian Persian مَزِه (maze, “taste, snack”).
tzatziki
From Greek τζατζίκι (tzatzíki), from Ottoman Turkish جاجیق (cacık). Doublet of cacik.
Hindustani
Borrowed from Hindustani ہِنْدُوسْتانی (hindūstānī) / हिंदुस्तानी (hindustānī), from Classical Persian هِنْدُوسْتَانِی (hindūstānī), from هِنْدُو (hindū, “Hindu, Indian”) + ـسْتَان (-stān, “land”) + adjective suffix ـِی (-ī). Equivalent to Hindustan + -i.
sepulture
From Middle English sepulture, sepultur, from Old French sepulture, from Latin sepultura.
jefe
Borrowed from Spanish jefe (“leader, boss”), from Old French chief, from Latin caput. Doublet of chief, chef, caput, and head.
goldfinch
From Middle English goldfinch, goldfynch, goldefynch, from Old English goldfinċ, equivalent to gold + finch. Compare West Frisian goudfink (“goldfinch”), Dutch goudvink (“bullfinch”), German Goldfink (“goldfinch”), Danish guldfink (“goldfinch”), Icelandic gullfinka (“goldfinch”).
el cheapo
From Spanish el (“the”) + cheap + -o (“mock-Spanish suffix”).
hoi polloi
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek οἱ πολλοί (hoi polloí, “the many”).
giddy
The adjective is derived from Middle English gidi, gedy, gydy (“demonically controlled or possessed; crazy, insane; foolish, idiotic, ridiculous, unwise; unsure; (rare) dizzy, shaky; (rare) of an animal: crazed, out of control; a fool”) [and other forms], from Old English gidiġ, gydiġ (“possessed by a demon or spirit, insane, mad”), from Proto-West Germanic *gudīg (“ghostly, spirited”, literally “possessed by a god or spirit”), from *god (“god”) + *-ig, *-g (suffix forming adjectives with the senses of being, doing, or having). The English word is analysable as god + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’, forming adjectives).
The noun and the verb are derived from the adjective.
rendaku
Borrowed from Japanese 連濁 (rendaku, “sequential voicing”).
plummet
From Middle English plommet (“ball of lead, plumb of a bob-line”), recorded since 1382, from Old French plommet or plomet, the diminutive of plom, plum (“lead, sounding lead”), from Latin plumbum (“lead”). The verb is first recorded in 1626, originally meaning “to fathom, take soundings", from the noun.
tenten
Borrowed from Japanese 点々(てんてん) (tenten, literally “dots”).
divertimento
Borrowed from Italian, from divertire (“to amuse, to entertain”), from Latin dīvertere.
maru
From Japanese 丸(まる) (maru, “circle; suffix used for ship names”).
From Māori [Term?].
Ronald
Anglicized from Scottish Gaelic Raghnall, itself derived from Old Norse Rǫgnvaldr, from rǫgn (“advice”) + valdr (“power”), later partly merged with the Continental Germanic equivalent Reynold.
mansard
Borrowed from French mansarde, from Francois Mansart, French architect.
alf
From Danish and Swedish alf, from Old Norse alfr; see also Dutch alf. Doublet of elf, awf, and oaf.
Hansard
PIE word
 *ḱóm
From Middle English hansard (“merchant or citizen of a Hanseatic town; member of a merchant guild; a surname”), from hanse, hansze, hanze, haunse (“merchant guild; the Hanseatic League; member of the Hanseatic League; membership fee for a merchant guild; payment in general”) + -ard (suffix forming adjectives and nouns). Hanse is derived from Old French hanse (“merchant guild; membership fee for a merchant guild”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“beside, by; with; along”) + *sed- (“to sit”). The English word is analysable as Hanse (“merchant guild; the Hanseatic League”) + -ard (suffix forming agent nouns, especially pejorative ones).