MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
propension
From French propension, and its source, Latin prōpēnsiō, from the participle stem of prōpendeō.
propense
From Latin prōpensus, perfect passive participle of prōpendeō.
flummery
Borrowed from Welsh llymru (“a sour jelly derived from boiled oatmeal”), of uncertain origin, perhaps related to llymrig (“slippery”).
For phonetic development, compare origin of Floyd.
differential equation
First appears c. 1704 in the publications of Charles Hayes. Calque of Latin aequatio differentialis, which was coined by Leibniz in 1676.
seax
Learned borrowing from Old English seax (“dagger”). Doublet of sax and zax.
korfball
Borrowing from Dutch korfbal. Equivalent to corf + ball.
motocross
Unadapted borrowing from French motocross, a macaronic blend of moto, from motocyclette (“motorcycle”) and English cross-country. May be decomposed as moto- + -cross.
chin-chin
From Chinese Pidgin English chin-chin, a reduplication of Shanghainese 請 /请 (⁵chin, “please”). Sometimes, especially in Italianate spellings, reborrowed from Italian cincin.
fishhook
From Middle English fisch-hook, from Old English *fischōc (“fishhook”), equivalent to fish + hook. Cognate with Dutch vishaak (“fishhook”). In the sense of a jack (playing card), refers to the shape of the letter J on the card.
bibliophage
From biblio- + -phage, from Ancient Greek βῐ́βλος (bĭ́blos, “book”) and φαγεῖν (phageîn, “to eat”).
Andorra la Vella
From Catalan Andorra la Vella (“Andorra the Old”).
Manama
From Arabic الْمَنَامَة (al-manāma).
Gaborone
Named after chief Gaborone. The name itself apparently derives from Tswana [Term?] (“it does not fit badly”), from the verb rona (“to be unsuitable”).
Ouagadougou
From French Ouagadougou, from a local name such as Moore Waogdgo and Farefare Wɔgdɔgɔ.
Praia
From Portuguese praia (“beach”).
Named after Praia de Santa Maria which is now Praia da Gamboa
N'Djamena
Borrowed from French N'Djaména, from the Arabic name of a nearby village نِجَامِينَا (nijāmīnā, “place of rest”). Renamed from Fort-Lamy on 6 April 1973 by President François Tombalbaye, as part of his authenticité program of Africanization.
Moroni
From French Moroni, from Ngazidja Comorian Mroni, from mroni (“at the river”).
Borrowed from Italian Moroni.
Brazzaville
Borrowed from French Brazzaville, from Brazza + ville (“city”). Named after Italian-French explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza (1852–1905), who officially founded the settlement in 1880.
Abidjan
From the Ebrié expression min-chan m'bidjan (literally “I just cut the leaves”).
Suva
Borrowed from Fijian Suva, from suva (“mound”), from Proto-Central Eastern Oceanic *supa.
Astana
Borrowed from Kazakh Астана (Astana), meaning capital, from Classical Persian آستانه (āstāna).
Aquitaine
Borrowed from French Aquitaine, from Latin Aquitania, from aqua (“water”) + -ania (suffix forming place names) and distinguishing the intended area of Gaul. Doublet of Aquitania and Guyenne.
Bourgogne
From French Bourgogne. Doublet of Burgundy and burgundy.
Lorraine
Borrowed from French Lorraine, from Old French Loherraine, from Latin Lotharingia, Lothringia (ultimately named for Lothair II, who ruled it); compare Lotharingia, German Lothringen.
Limousin
Borrowed from French Limousin, from Latin Lemovicinus, adjective form of Lemovices, name of a Gaulish tribe in central France, most likely a reference to their elm bows and spears, of same ultimate origin as elm.
From French limousine.
confectionary
From Late Latin cōnfectiōnārius (“one who prepares things by means of ingredients”), from Latin cōnfectiō (“preparing, producing”). See confection.
Clement
From Late Latin Clēmens (genitive Clēmentis), name of early saints and popes, from clēmens (“merciful”). Doublet of Clemens and San Clemente.
clapmatch
Borrowed from Dutch klapmuts (“hooded seal, hat with ear-flaps”).
redshirt
Calque of Italian camicia rossa, equivalent to red + shirt. In later senses with reference to the uniforms or outfits worn by such people. The fandom slang sense emerged from the tendency of red-uniformed Starfleet officers to die in episodes of Star Trek: The Original Series.
innovate
First attested in 1548; borrowed from Latin innovātus, perfect passive participle of innovō (“to renew”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
preponderate
From Latin praeponderatus, past participle of praeponderāre (“to outweigh”).
presbyterate
From Medieval Latin presbyterātus. By surface analysis, presbyter + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, a body of people involved with it).
presbyteress
From Medieval Latin presbyterissa. By surface analysis, presbyter + -ess. Piecewise doublet of priestess.
agathodaemon
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀγαθοδαίμων (agathodaímōn).
pyrophane
From pyro- + Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “I show or shine”).
bakkie
Borrowed from Afrikaans bakkie, and then either:
* from Northern Dutch bakkie (informal), from Dutch bakje (“container; drinking vessel; (archaic) carriage for passengers”), from bak (“container; drinking vessel; vehicle; part of a vehicle for carrying loads; part of a carriage for carrying passengers”) (see further at that entry) + -je (diminutive suffix); or
* from Afrikaans bak (“container; part of a vehicle for carrying loads”) (from Dutch bak; see above) + -ie (diminutive suffix).
Advaitism
From Sanskrit अद्बैत (adbaita, literally “not two”) and -ism.
epexegesis
From Ancient Greek ἐπεξήγησις (epexḗgēsis), from ἐπεξηγέομαι (epexēgéomai, “I explain in detail”), from ἐπί (epí, “on top of”) + ἐξηγέομαι (exēgéomai, “I narrate, describe”).
buka
From Javanese [Term?].
Borrowed from Yoruba búkà or Hausa búkkàa.
kaya
From Japanese 榧 (カヤ, kaya).
From Malay kaya, from kaya (“rich”).
tawa
From Hindi तवा (tavā).
From Māori.
Borrowed from Māori; see English tawa (“tree”).
tinda
From Hindi टिंडा (ṭiṇḍā).
Shetland
From Scots Shetland, Middle Scots Ȝetland, from Old Norse Hjaltland, by surface analysis, hjalt (“hilt”) + land (“land”). Andrew Jennings suggests the name derives from the tribal name Calēdonēs (as in Caledonia), considering the geographer Ptolemy already called the sea north of Scotland ὠκεανός Δουηκαλεδονίος (ōkeanós Douēkaledoníos); if this is correct, the borrowing into Germanic would need to have occurred at such an early date that it took part in the Germanic sound-shift, changing *kalid- to *halit-, after which it underwent folk etymological reshaping to Old Norse hjalt (“hilt”).
Orkney
From Old Norse Orkneyjar (“seal islands”), from Old Norse ørkn (“seal”) + ey (“island”). The modern form is singular. Ninth-century Norwegian settlers reinterpreted the Pictish/Proto-Brythonic name for the islands, recorded as Ancient Greek Όρκάδες (Órkádes), which was derived from Proto-Celtic *ɸorkos (“young pig”).
emergence
Borrowed from French émergence. Doublet of emergency. By surface analysis, emerge + -ence.
Diane
An anglicization of French Diane, from Latin Diāna. Doublet of Diana
beneficent
From Latin *beneficens, *beneficent-, from bene (“well, good”) + -ficens, combining form from faciens, present participle of facere (“to make or do”). Compare English beneficence.
bergie
Borrowed from Afrikaans bergie, from berg (“mountain”). So called because they used to live in the mountains.
perlemoen
Borrowed from Afrikaans perlemoen, from Dutch perlemoer (“mother-of-pearl”).
condole
PIE word
 *ḱóm
Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin condolēre, the present active infinitive of condoleō (“to feel severe pain, suffer greatly; to suffer with or feel another’s pain, condole”), from Latin con- (prefix denoting a being or bringing together of several things) + doleō (“to suffer physical pain, hurt; to be sorry, grieve for, deplore, lament”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to divide, split”)).
mieskeit
From Yiddish מיאוסקייט (mieskeyt, “an ugly person”).
Araucana
Derived from Spanish Araucanía, the region of Chile where the breed was first documented by Europeans.
moe
From Japanese 萌え (moe, “budding, sprouting”), imperfective or continuative form of 萌える (moeru, “to burst into bud, to sprout”).
From Japanese Moe (Moe); もえ (“moé”).
loup
Borrowed from German Luppe (“a lump of iron”).
From French loup (“wolf”): the language was attested in a notebook titled Mots loups ("wolf words") compiled by Jean-Claude Mathevet, a priest who worked among the Algonquians.
loof
Inherited from Middle English love, lufe, lofe, luf (“palm of the hand”), from Old Norse lōfi, from Proto-Germanic *lōfô (“palm of the hand; paw; oar blade, paddle”).
Inherited from Middle English lof (“a contrivance for altering a ship's course, paddle, oar”), from Middle Dutch loef (“an oar or paddle used in steering”), ultimately of the same origin as Etymology 1. Compare luff.
From Egyptian Arabic لُوف (lūf).
Chinese Taipei
1970s, Chinese + Taipei. From being a Chinese state (an open-ended reference either to the territory being actually occupied by the Republic of China (Taiwan), being claimed by the People's Republic of China (mainland China), both, or similar) whose capital is Taipei (derived from Wade–Giles).
ascendant
PIE word
 *h₂éd
The adjective is derived from Late Middle English ascendent (“ascending, rising; increasing in quantity; (astronomy) rising above the horizon”) [and other forms], borrowed from Old French ascendant, from Latin ascendentem, the accusative singular of ascendēns (“ascending, rising”), the present participle of ascendō, adscendō (“to climb up, go up, move upwards; to rise; to spring up”), from ad- (prefix meaning ‘(up) to’) + scandō (“to ascend, climb, mount; to clamber”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to climb, scale; to dart; to jump; to scan (poetry)”)). The English word is analysable as ascend (verb) + -ant (suffix forming adjectives from verbs with the sense of ‘doing [the verbal actions]’).
The noun is probably derived from the adjective, though it is attested earlier than the latter.
adjudication
Borrowed from Latin adiudicatio, adiudicationem. By surface analysis, adjudicate + -ion.
wantonness
From Middle English wantonnesse, wantonesse, wantounesse, wantownesse, equivalent to wanton + -ness.
cappa
Learned borrowing from Late Latin cappa. Doublet of capa and cape.
charpie
From the feminine past participle of Old French charpir (“to pluck”), carpir (“to pluck”), from Latin carpō (“to pluck”). Compare carpet.
kalopsia
From Ancient Greek καλοψία (kalopsía), from καλός (kalós, “good, beautiful, lovely”) + ὄψις (ópsis, “view”).
muscarine
From the fungus Amanita muscaria, from Latin musca (“fly”).
Isidore
French form of the name of early Spanish saints, from Ancient Greek Ἰσίδωρος (Isídōros), meaning "gift of (the goddess) Isis".
cashew
Reanalysis of French acajou as a + cajou, from Old Tupi akaîu. Doublet of acajou.
urushiol
From Japanese 漆 (うるし, urushi, “lacquer tree”) + -ol (“oil”).
funicular
From Latin fūniculus (“thinner cord”), diminutive from fūnis (“rope, cord”) + -culus. By surface analysis, funicul(us) + -ar.
oga
From Yoruba ọ̀gá (“chief, master”).
From Italian Oga.
From Japanese 男鹿 (Oga).
topi
Borrowed from Swahili topi. From Mende ndope (“antelope”).
Borrowed from Hindi टोपी (ṭopī).
taphophobia
From Ancient Greek τάφος (táphos, “grave”), + -phobia.
hank
From Middle English hank, of Scandinavian/North Germanic origin; akin to Old Norse hǫnk (compare haki (“something bent”)), related to Proto-Germanic *hakô (“hook”). Akin to Old English hangian (“to hang”). First known use: 14th century.
halcyon days
From halcyon, from Latin Alcyone, from Ancient Greek Ἀλκυόνη (Alkuónē), daughter of Aeolus and wife of Ceyx. When her husband died in a shipwreck, Alcyone threw herself into the sea whereupon the gods transformed them both into halcyon birds (kingfishers). When Alcyone made her nest on the beach, waves threatened to destroy it. Aeolus restrained his winds and kept them calm during seven days in each year, so she could lay her eggs. These became known as the "halcyon days," when storms do not occur. Today, the term is used to denote a past period that is being remembered for being happy or successful.
to-
From Middle English to-, from Old English tō-, te- (“apart, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *tō-, *tuʀ-, *twiʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz- (“apart, in two”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwís (“two-ways, in twain”).
slite
From Middle English sliten, from Old English slītan (“to slit, tear, rend, shiver, split, rend to pieces, cleave, divide”), from Proto-West Germanic *slītan, from Proto-Germanic *slītaną (“to tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *skleyd-, *(s)kelH- (“to cut, trim”).
Cognate with North Frisian slitten (“to clear, make void”), Dutch slijten (“to wear, waste, ravel out”), German schleißen (“to trim”), Swedish slita (“to rip, tear”). Doublet of slit. More at slice.
haughtiness
From Middle English hauteynesse, hautenesse, from Middle English hautein (“proud, haughty”), from Old French hautain + Middle English -nesse. Reanalysed in Modern English as haughty + -ness.
poulter
From Middle English pulter, from Old French pouletier, from poulet (“fowl”). By surface analysis, poult + -er.
poulterer
From earlier poulter (with the addition of -er), from Middle English pulter, from Old French pouletier, from poulet (“fowl”). By surface analysis, poult + -er + -er.
poult
From Middle English pult, a variant of pulet, polet, from Old French poulet (“young fowl”), diminutive of poule (“hen”), from Latin pulla. For the development of the stressed vowel, see poultry. Doublet of pullet.
femme fatale
Unadapted borrowing from French femme fatale (literally “deadly woman”).
inceptive
Borrowed from French inceptif, from the Latin inceptīvus, from incipiō (“to begin”).
Gamilaraay
From Gamilaraay Gamilaraay (“having not”), from gamil (“not”) and -(b)araay (“having”). Other dialects and languages were similarly named after their respective words for no, e.g. the Wailwan say wayil.
chakram
From Sanskrit चक्रम् (cakram), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos. Doublet of chakra, charkha, chukker, cycle, cyclus, kike, and wheel.
]
From Malayalam ചക്രം (cakraṁ, “wheel”), from Sanskrit चक्र (cakra).
sericulture
Possibly borrowed from French sériculture, a modification of French sériciculture (“sericulture”) (or directly from sériciculture), from Late Latin sēricum (“Chinese goods, especially silk”) + French culture (“crop; culture”). Sēricum is derived from Latin sēricus (“of or pertaining to the Seres or Chinese; (by extension) made of silk, silken”), from Sēres (“northern Chinese people”), from Ancient Greek Σῆρες (Sêres, “the Chinese people; the land of the Chinese, China”), plural of Σήρ (Sḗr, “(rare, usually in plural) Chinese person; silkworm”), possibly from Old Chinese 絲 (*slɯ, “silk”).
tur
Borrowed from Russian тур (tur). Doublet of steer and Taurus.
Two main origins:
* Borrowed from Catalan Tur, probably a topographic surname from tur (“tufa, porous limestone”).
* Borrowed from Polish Tur, from the nickname tur (“aurochs”).
lur
From Danish lur, Norwegian lur, and Swedish lur, all from Old Norse lúðr (“trumpet”).
munter
Late 1990s, presumably from munt (“to vomit”) and munted (“inebriated; disgusting”) + -er, perhaps with influence from Turkish mantar (“mushroom”).
From Middle French montre.
* As a north German (Münter) and Dutch (De Munter) surname, occupational surname for a minter; see Minter.
* Also as a German surname (and Swedish and Danish, both borrowed from the German), from the adjective Munter (“lively, merry”). Also found in Finland.
presumption
From Middle English presumpcioun, presumption, from Old French presumption and its etymon Latin praesūmptiō.
taipan
From the name of the Thaypan tribe of Aboriginal people of central Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia, or from Wik-Mungkan tay-pan (or dhayban).
postscriptum
Learned borrowing from Latin postscriptum, from
From post (“after, behind”) + scrīptum (“text, something written”).
planetarium
Borrowed from New Latin planētārium. Equivalent to planet + -arium.
oxime
From German Oxim, from oxy- + Imid. From Oxy + -ime (from clipping of imide).
buk
Borrowed from Korean 북 (buk).
From Russian Бук (Buk, “codename for a missile system”), from бук (buk, “beech tree”). Doublet of beech.
allo-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos
Proto-Hellenic *áľľos
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́λλος (ắllos)der.
English allo-
From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (English else).
fum
Borrowed from Chinese 鳳 /凤 (fèng).
Natasha
Borrowed from Russian Ната́ша (Natáša), an informal pet form of Ната́лья (Natálʹja), cognate to Natalie.
tind
From earlier tend, from Middle English tenden, teenden, from Old English tendan (“to kindle”) (usually attested in compounds); related to Danish tænde, German zünden, Norwegian bokmål tenne. More at tend (sense 3).
From Middle English tind, tynd, from Old English tind (“tine, prong, tooth”), from Proto-West Germanic *tind, from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dénts (“tooth, projection”). Cognate with Dutch tinne (“battlement”), German Zinne (“pinnacle, battlement”), Danish tinde (“pinnacle, battlement”), Dutch tinne (“tooth of a rake”), Icelandic tindur (“spike, tooth of a rake or harrow, pinnacle, peak, battlement”). Cf. the related tine. Also more distantly related to Dutch tand (“tooth, tine”), English tooth.
moc
Clipping of moccasin, from Powhatan makasin.
lynchet
Apparently lynch (“variant of linch”) + -et, the first element derived from Old English hlinc (“a hill”).
dree
Probably partly borrowed from Scots dree, and partly derived from its etymon Middle English dreen, dreghen, dreogen, drien, from Old English drēogan, from Proto-West Germanic *dreugan, from Proto-Germanic *dreuganą (“to act; to work, (specifically) to do military service”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to hold fast”). Doublet of dreich, dright, and drighten.
Cognates
* Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (driugan, “to do military service”)
* Icelandic drýgja (“to commit, connect, perpetrate, lengthen”)
* Scots dree, drie (“to bear, endure, suffer, thole”)
Probably partly:
* derived from the verb (see etymology 1); and
* borrowed from Scots dree, or derived from its etymon Middle English dri, drie, dregh, dreghe (“annoyance, trouble; grief; period of time”), possibly from Middle English dregh, dri, drie (“burdensome; depressing, dismal; large, tall; lasting, long; long-suffering, patient; tedious; of blows: hard, heavy; of the face: unchanging, unmoved; of a person: strong, valorous”), from Old English *drēog, *drēoȝ, dreoh (“earnest; fit; sober”), and then probably partly:
** shortened from Old English gedrēog (“calm, quiet; sober; fit, suitable”, adjective); and
** influenced by Old Norse drjúgr (“sufficient; excessive, very; great; strong”), from Proto-Germanic *dreugaz (see above).
Doublet of dreich.
Animesh
From Sanskrit अनिमिष (animiṣa, “almighty, unblinking, vigilant”), the name of a Deva, also said of a fish, अ- (a, “not”) + निमिष (nimiṣa, “twinkling, closing of the eye, moment”), in turn from निमिषति (nimiṣati, “shut one's eyes, wink, fall asleep”).
Anirvan
From Sanskrit अ- (a-, “un-”) + निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “dying”). Hence it refers to the inner self or soul or the self beyond the mortal body.
Armaghan
From Persian and Urdu ارمغان (armağân), meaning a present or a gift.
Arnab
Transliteration of Bengali অর্ণব (ornob), from Sanskrit अर्णव (arṇava). Doublet of Arnav.
mythic
1660s; from Latin mȳthicos or Ancient Greek μυθικός (muthikós); equivalent to myth + -ic.
Ajish
English spelling of a Malayalam name അജീഷ് (ajīṣŭ), that derives from Sanskrit अज (ajá, “unborn, angels”) + ईश (īśá, “Lord”), meaning Lord of the unborn.
Garifuna
From Garifuna garifuna, from Kalinago karifuna, from Proto-Cariban *karipona (“person”).
Gurmukhi
Borrowed from Punjabi ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ (gurmukhī) / گُرْمُکھی (gurmukhī), commonly translated as "from the Mouth of the Guru", since it was standardised by Guru Angad in the 16th century.
banaba
Ultimately from Proto-Philippine *banabá. Compare Tagalog banabá, Cebuano banaba, Kapampangan [Term?].
Borrowed from Gilbertese [Term?].
terem
Borrowed from Russian те́рем (térem, “garret”). First attested in 1898.
chain smoker
From chain + smoker, calque of German Kettenraucher.
liquefaction
From Middle English liquefaction, from Middle French liquefaction (modern French liquéfaction), from Medieval Latin liquefactiō.
Verma
Borrowed from Hindi वर्मा (varmā). Variant of Varma.
virescence
Late 19th century. From Latin virescens, present participle of virescō. By surface analysis, Latin vir(ere) + -escence.
Visuvabharathy
From Sanskrit [Term?], from the root words visuva (worldly) and bharathy (man of India).
kolk
Borrowed from Dutch kolk.
Borrowed from Low German Kolk, possibly via German Kolk. Cognate with Dutch kolk.
From the Dutch and German surname, from Kolk (“bog, watering hole”) (see below).
anchorite
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-
Proto-Hellenic *aná
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ́ (ănắ)
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ- (ănă-)
Ancient Greek χῶρος (khôros)
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Ancient Greek -έω (-éō)
Ancient Greek χωρέω (khōréō)
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰχωρέω (ănăkhōréō)
Proto-Hellenic *-tās
Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs)
Ancient Greek ἀνᾰχωρητής (anăkhōrētḗs)bor.
Latin anachōrēta
Latin anchōrētader.
English anchorite
From Ancient Greek ἀναχωρητής (anakhōrētḗs, “anchorite”), from ἀναχωρέω (anakhōréō, “to withdraw, retire”), via Latin anchōrēta, a variant of anachōrēta (“anchorite”), see -ite.
anil
Etymology tree
Middle French anilder.
Proto-Indo-European *neyH-der.?
Sanskrit नील॑ (nī́la)der.
Middle Persian 𐭭𐭩𐭫 (nīl)bor.
Arabic نِيل (nīl)der.
Andalusian Arabicbor.
Portuguese anilder.
English anil
From Middle French anil, Portuguese anil.
Borrowed from Hindi अनिल (anil), Marathi अनिल (anil), Kannada ಅನಿಲ್ (anil), Tamil அனில் (aṉil), Malayalam അനിൽ (anil), Bengali অনিল (onil), Nepali अनिल (anil), Urdu اَنِیل (anīl), or Sinhalese අනිල් (anil), from Sanskrit अनिल (anila, “Hindu god of the wind”).
Borrowed from Turkish Anıl, from anıl, second-person singular imperative passive of anmak (“to remember; to commemorate”).
grammarian
Inherited from Middle English gramarien, from Middle French gramarien, gramairien. Displaced native Old English stæfcræftiga.
location arithmetic
Calque of Latin arithmeticae localis, coined by Scottish landowner and mathematician John Napier (1550–1617) in his 1617 treatise Rabdologiæ (written in Latin).
bannimus
Historically, from Medieval Latin bannimus (“we banish, we expel”), from bannō, bandō (“denounce, ban, banish, proclaim, proscribe”, verb), influenced in meaning by bannum (“ordinance, ban”), from Frankish *bannjan (“to proclaim, order or prohibit under penalty”), from Proto-Germanic *bannijaną (“to curse, damn”), *bannaną (“to request”). Cognate with Old High German bannen (“to order under penalty, proscribe, cast a spell on”), ban (“order under penalty”). More at ban.
livelong
From Middle English live long, leve-long, lefe long (as in Alle the lefe longe daye), equivalent to lief + long. Compare Dutch heel den lieven langen dag (“all the livelong day”), German der liebe lange Tag (“the livelong day”) and German die liebe lange Nacht (“the livelong night”).
loggia
Borrowed from Italian loggia, from Old French loge, from Medieval Latin laubĭa, from Frankish *laubijā. Doublet of lobby and lodge.
palmo
Borrowed from Spanish palmo (“handspan”) and Portuguese palmo (“handspan”), both from Latin palmus. Doublet of palm, palma, and pam.
bixie
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 辟邪 (bìxié).
struthonian
Coined by Arthur Koestler in 1963, irregularly formed from Late Latin strūthiō (“ostrich”)
organon
From Ancient Greek ὄργανον (órganon). Doublet of organ, organum, and orgue.
From Ancient Greek Ὄργανον (Órganon, “instrument, tool, organ”).
je ne sais quoi
Borrowed from French je ne sais quoi (literally “I don't know what”).
c'est la vie
Unadapted borrowing from French c'est la vie.
caravan
From Middle French caravane, from Old French carvane, from Persian کاروان (kârvân), from Middle Persian kʾlwʾn' (kārawān), from Old Persian 𐎣𐎠𐎼 (k-a-r, “people, subjects”).
The word was used to designate a group of people who were travelling by camel or horse on the Silk Road. Doublet of Kairouan.