MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
esquivalience
Made up as a copyright trap in the 2001 New Oxford American Dictionary, and said to be related to French esquiver (“evade, dodge, duck”). Began to see actual use by 2006, after having been identified as fictitious in 2005. The entry is still present in the dictionary's third edition (2010).
sowarree
From Urdu سوار (savār, “swordsman”), borrowed from Persian سوار (savâr, “rider”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 (a-s-b-a-r /⁠asabāra-⁠/, “horseman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hacwabāráh, ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haćwabʰāras.
floweret
From Middle English flourette, from Old French florete. By surface analysis, flower + -et; compare flowerlet. Doublet of fleuret and floret.
findest
From Middle English findest, from Old English findest, findst, fintst, finst, from Proto-Germanic *finþizi, equivalent to find + -est.
doot
By onomatopoeia, from Cantonese 嘟 (dut¹).
ne'ertheless
From Middle English nerthelesse, nere-the-les, nerþeles By surface analysis, ne'er + the + less.
pons asinorum
From New Latin pons asinorum, from Latin pōns (“bridge”) + genitive plural of asinus (“donkey”). Literally, “bridge of donkeys”.
viciosity
From vitiosity under influence of vicious, both of which derive ultimately from Latin vitiōsus.
ornis
From German Ornis, from Ancient Greek ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”), Ancient Greek ὄρνιθος (órnithos, “bird”).
fleme
From Middle English flemen, from Old English flȳman, flīeman (“to put to flight, drive away, banish”), from flēam (“flight”).
marish
From Middle English mareys, marys, from Anglo-Norman mareis, mereis, or from Middle French mares, marest, both from Late Latin mariscus, from Proto-West Germanic *marisk (“marsh”). Doublet of marsh and morass.
inexpugnable
Learned borrowing from Latin inexpugnābilis. Morphologically, from in- + expugn + -able.
echino-
From combining form of Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos, “hedgehog”).
gurrier
Uncertain; the following possible etymologies have been suggested:
* From Scottish English gurry (“a brawl; to dispute; to growl, grumble”) + -er (agent noun suffix).
* From French guerrier (“warrior”), in which case it would be a doublet of warrior.
ansate
Learned borrowing from Latin ansātus (“handled; having handles”), from ansa (“handle”).
foundress
From Middle English founderess, founderesse, foundress (“female founder or builder of a city; female founder or benefactor of a religious house; (figuratively) female inventor or originator; (figuratively) a source”) [and other forms]; from founder, foundere, foundour (“founder or builder of a building, city, country, etc.; builder or endower of a church, college, monastery, etc.; benefactor or patron of such an institution; charter member of a guild; first head of a religious organization; inventor, originator; (figuratively) earliest of a class of people; (figuratively) a source”) + -esse (“suffix forming female forms of words”). Foundour is derived from Anglo-Norman fundur, Old French fondeor, fondeur (“creator, instigator, founder”) (modern French fondeur), from Latin fundātor (“founder”) (rare), from fundō (“to make by smelting, found”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”)) + -tor (suffix forming masculine agent nouns). The English word is analysable as founder + -ess (suffix forming female forms of words).
From founder (“one who founds or casts metals”) + -ess (suffix forming female forms of words). Founder is derived from Middle French fondeur (“owner of a foundry; ironworker in charge of smelting, founder”) (modern French fondeur), from Latin fundātor (“founder”) (rare): see further at etymology 1.
piggin
From Middle English pygyn, from pig (“container for wine”), possibly so named from being made of pigskin. Compare Scottish Gaelic pigean, diminutive of pigeadh, pige (“an earthen jar, pitcher, or pot”), Irish pigín, Welsh picyn.
genius loci
Learned borrowing from Latin genius loci (“tutelary deity of a/the place”), from the singular genitive form of locus (“place”).
genius locorum
A borrowing of Latin genius locorum (“tutelary spirit of the places”), employing the genitive plural of locus (“place”).
cauda equina
From Latin cauda equina (literally “horse's tail”), from its appearance like a horsetail.
allegro non troppo
From Italian allegro (“fast”) + non (“not”) + troppo (“too much”).
loathly
From Middle English lothli, loothly, from Old English lāþlīċ (“loathly, hateful, horrible, repulsive, unpleasant”); equivalent to loath + -ly.
From Middle English *lothli, loothly, from Old English lāþlīċe (“hatefully”), from lāþlīċ + -e (adverbial suffix); equivalent to loath + -ly.
loaden
From Middle English *loden, lode, variant of laden, y-lade, from Old English hladen, ġehladen (“loaded, laden”), equivalent to load + -en (past participle ending). Doublet of laden.
bundt
From German Bundkuchen, from Bund (“tied together”) + Kuchen (“cake”).
flitch
From Middle English flicche, from Old English fliċċe (“side of an animal, flitch”), from Proto-Germanic *flikkiją (“side, flitch”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”). Cognate with Low German flikke, French flèche, Icelandic flikki (“flitch”), Middle Low German vlicke.
vazir
Transliteration of Persian وزیر (vazir), from Arabic وَزِير (wazīr). Doublet of vizier.
hyle
From Medieval Latin hyle, from Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood, matter”), particularly in Aristotle as πρώτη ὕλη (prṓtē húlē, “protomatter, fundamental undifferentiated matter”).
hyl
From Greek ύλη (ýli, “matter”), from Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “matter”).
Peleg
Borrowed from Hebrew פֶּלֶג (péleḡ).
flanken
Borrowed from Yiddish פֿלאַנקען (flanken).
kadi
From Ottoman Turkish قاضی (kadı), from Arabic قَاضِي (⁧qāḍī⁩), and from Arabic directly.
ottomy
Variant of otamy, corruption and clipping of anatomy, from Latin anatomia, from cutting up, from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + τέμνω (témnō, “to cut, incise”). Doublet of anatomy.
Mussolini
From Italian Mussolini, from mussola, mussolina (“muslin”), from Mussolo (“Mosul”), that is Mosul in northern Iraq.
Salian
From Latin Salianus, from Salii + -ānus (“-an: forming adjectives”), from salīre (“to jump, to leap”) + -īus (“-y: forming adjectives”).
From Latin Salianus, from Salii + -ānus (“-an: forming adjectives”), from Sala (“the IJssel River”) + -īus (“-y: forming adjectives”). Cognate with Salic.
Salic
From Latin Salicus, from Salii (“Salians”) + -icus (“-ic: forming adjectives”), from Sala (“IJssel River”) + -īus (“-y: forming adjs”). Equivalent to Salii + -ic.
salicetum
Borrowed from Latin salictum, salicētum (“plantation, grove or thicket of willows”), from salix (“willow”).
salicional
From German Salizional, from Latin salix (“willow”) + -al.
tonka bean
Likely from Guyanese Creole English tonka, from a Tupian language, perhaps Kari'na tonka.
dictatrix
From Latin dictātrīx. By surface analysis, dictate + -trix.
Zhongqiu
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 中秋節 /中秋节 (Zhōngqiūjié, “Mid-Autumn Festival”).
viperid
Originally only capitalized, from New Latin Viperidae (“taxonomic family”), as Vipera + -id.
bhindi
Borrowed from Hindi भिंडी (bhiṇḍī, “okra”), a feminine form of Sanskrit भिण्डा (bhiṇḍā).
Thaana
Borrowed from Dhivehi ތާނަ (tāna).
gokkun
Borrowed from Japanese ゴックン (gokkun, “gulp”).
enantio-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Ancient Greek ἐν (en)
Ancient Greek ἐν- (en-)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂entíos
Proto-Hellenic *antíos
Ancient Greek ἀντίος (antíos)
Ancient Greek ἐνᾰντῐ́ος (enăntĭ́os)der.
English enantio-
From Ancient Greek ἐναντίος (enantíos, “opposite”), its English equivalent literally being en- + anti-.
badelaire
Borrowed from French badelaire, baudelaire, a corruption of earlier (14th century) baselard.
Kaithi
Borrowed from Hindi कैथी (kaithī). Doublet of Kayasthi.
katorga
From Russian ка́торга (kátorga, “penal servitude”).
nish
From German nichts (“nothing”) or possibly Yiddish נישט (nisht, “no, not”). Originally borrowed from Polari.
carditis
From Latin cardītis. By surface analysis, cardi- + -itis.
Kimber
* From the name of a 7th-century English female saint, Kyneburga or Cyneburg, from Old English cyne- (“royal”) + burh (“fortress”).
* English: probably a habitational name from East and West Kimber in the parish of Northlew in Devon, so named from Old English cempa (“warrior”) (or the Old English personal name Cempa) + bearn (“grove/wood”). It may also be an altered form of Kimbrough. Jewish (Ashkenazic): variant of Kinberg.
alkapton
From German Alkapton, coined by Boedeker (1861) as "an admittedly somewhat barbaric combination" of Alkali (“alkali”) + Ancient Greek κάπτον (kápton), neuter present participle of Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō, “to gulp down”), after the tendency of alkapton to strongly react with oxygen in alkaline solution.
vinney
Variant of vinny (“mouldy”) used substantively, from Middle English *vinny, *finny, from Old English fyniġ (“mouldy”); related to vinew.
Karaman
Borrowed from Turkish Karaman, Ottoman Turkish قرمان (Karaman), قرامان (Karaman).
flenser
From Danish flense or Dutch vlensen, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *flintaz-, from Proto-Indo-European *splind- (“to split, cleave”), from *(s)plei- (“to split”)..
inaurate
The verb is first attested in 1623, the adjective in 1826; borrowed from Latin inaurātus, perfect passive participle of inaurō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
lippen
From Middle English lipnen (“to trust”), of obscure origin. Perhaps an alteration of Middle English litnen (“to trust”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse hlíta, compare Swedish lita (“to trust, depend, rely on”).
partible
Borrowed from Late Latin partibilis, from Latin partiō (“to share, divide”).
Cia-Cia
From Cia-Cia 찌아찌아 (“Ciacia”).
pauciloquy
From the Classical Latin pauciloquium (“the fact of speaking few words”), from paucus (“little, few”) + loquor (“to speak”). Structurally pauci- + -loquy.
Gang of Four
Calque from Chinese 四人幫／四人帮 (sìrénbāng).
Caloundra
From the Pama-Nyungan language term Kalowendah, meaning "place of the beech trees".
pind
From Middle English pinden, penden, punden (also as poynen), from Old English *pyndan, ġepyndan (“to impound, shut up, inclose”), from Proto-West Germanic *pundijan (“to impound”). Doublet of poind. Related also to pond.
ngaka
Etymology tree
Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀gàngà
Tswana ngakabor.
English ngaka
Borrowed from Tswana ngaka. Doublet of inyanga and mganga.
Paris-Brest
Borrowed from French Paris-Brest, from the French names of the two cities, so called to commemorate the 1,200 km Paris–Brest–Paris bicycle race in 1891.
misdeem
Late 14th century, from Middle English misdemen, equivalent to mis- + deem. Cognate with Icelandic misdæma (“to misjudge”).
Demosthenes
From Latin Dēmosthenēs, from Ancient Greek Δημοσθένης (Dēmosthénēs).
Arab Republic of Egypt
Calque of Arabic جُمْهُورِيَّة مِصْر الْعَرَبِيَّة (jumhūriyyat miṣr al-ʕarabiyya).
dragonet
From Middle English dragonet, from Middle French dragonet. By surface analysis, dragon + -et.
epiclesis
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐπίκλησις (epíklēsis, “invocation”).
Khoekhoe
From Khoekhoe Khoekhoe.n (“Khoekhoe people”), from khoe.b (“human being”).
winne
Inherited from Middle English winne, from Old English wynn (“joy, delight, pleasure”), from Proto-West Germanic *wunnju, from Proto-Germanic *wunjō (“joy, desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish, desire, love”).
Cognate with Scots win, wind (“pleasure, joy”), German Wonne (“bliss, joy, delight”), Danish ynde (“grace”).
From the Welsh surname, variant of gwyn (“blessed, white”). Compare the name Wynn.
maw-gut
From Middle English mawe gutte (literally “the gut of the stomach cavity”).
epiploon
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπίπλοον (epíploon).
loy
From Irish láighe, láí (“spade”), from Old Irish láige (“spade”).
gossoon
From Irish garsún, from Old French garçun. Doublet of garçon.
bawneen
From Irish báinín (“(undyed) wool”), from bán (“white”) + -ín (“-een”).
Colman
From the Irish saints' name Colmán, diminutive of Colm, from Latin columba (“dove”).
Hayes
*As an English locational surname, from Old English hæs (“brushwood”) (see hris) and Middle English hay (“enclosure”), heye.
*As an Irish surname, from Ó hAodha (“descendant of Aodh”).
Hebdomum
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἕβδομον (Hébdomon).
loogaroo
Probably from English loup-garou or its source, French loup-garou (“werewolf”). Compare Haitian Creole lougarou.
hartebeest
From early Afrikaans hartebeest (now hartebees), from Dutch hert (“deer, hart”) + Dutch beest (“beast”).
kegel
After Arnold Kegel. The surname is of German origin; see Kegel (“skittle, bowling pin”).
thring
From Middle English thringen, from Old English þringan (“to press, squeeze, crowd”), from Proto-West Germanic *þringwan, from Proto-Germanic *þrinhwaną (“to press, throng, crush”), from Proto-Indo-European *trenkʷ- (“to beat, hew, press”).
Hebron
Borrowed from Latin Hebrōn, ultimately from Biblical Hebrew חֶבְרוֹן (Ḥeḇrōn), possibly via Ancient Greek Χεβρών (Khebrṓn).
Danegeld
Inherited from Middle English danegeld, from Dane, genitive plural of Dan (“Dane”), plus geld (“geld, tribute, payment”). Apparently modeled on a Scandinavian word such as Old Danish Danegjeld), from Old Norse *Danagjald, from the genitive plural of Danir (“Danes”) + gjald (“payment, tribute”).
Laozi
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the standard Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 老子 (“the Old One, the Venerable One”).
eriometer
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔριον (érion, “wool”) + -meter.
eroto-
From Ancient Greek ἔρως, ἔρωτος (érōs, érōtos, “love”).
K'ung-tzu
Transliteration of Mandarin 孔子 (Kǒngzǐ) Wade–Giles romanization: Kʻung³-tzŭ³.
Kongzi
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 孔子 (Kǒngzǐ).
royd
Inherited from Middle English *rode (“clearing”), from Old English rodu (“clearing”), from Proto-West Germanic *rodu, variant of *rod, from Proto-Germanic *rudą, from *reudaną (“to clear”).
Compare German Rodung, from German roden (“to clear”).
epic
From Middle French épique, from Latin epicus, from Ancient Greek ἐπικός (epikós), from ἔπος (épos, “word, story”).
From epi-, from Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on top of”).
scotia
From Latin scotia, from Ancient Greek σκοτία (skotía, “dark, shadowy”).
ovi-
Learned borrowing from Classical Latin ōvi-, combining form (in e.g. ōviparus) of ōvum (“egg”).
From Latin ovis (“sheep”).
Cultural Revolution
Calque from Chinese 文化大革命 (Wénhuà Dà Gémìng).
gourami
From French gourami, from Malay gurami, from Javanese ꦒꦸꦫꦩꦶ (gurami).
Chagatai
Transliteration of Russian Чагата́й (Čagatáj), from Uyghur چاغاتاي (chaghatay), from Chagatai چغتای (čaġatay), from Middle Mongol ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠶ (čaɣatay).
bisontes
From Latin bisōntēs. Compare Middle English bysontes, bysountes.
Esen
Borrowed from Ukrainian Е́сень (Ésenʹ)
seiso
From Japanese 清(せい)楚(そ) (seiso, “clean, tidy”).
rivaroxaban
From rivaro- + -xaban (“blood coagulation factor Xa inhibitor”). The prefix is probably from Latin rīvārō, conjugation of rīvō (“to draw off, to withdraw”).
phago-
From Byzantine Greek φᾰγ- (phăg-), perfective stem of ἔφᾰγον (éphăgon, “I ate, I devoured”), singular first-person aorist active indicative form (by suppletion) of ἐσθῐ́ω (esthĭ́ō, “to eat, devour, consume”).
Komsomolsk
Borrowed from Russian Комсомо́льск (Komsomólʹsk), from Russian комсомо́л (komsomól, “Komsomol, Young Communist League”).
kemonomimi
From Japanese 獣(けもの)耳(みみ) (kemonomimi), from 獣(けもの) (kemono, “animal”) + 耳(みみ) (mimi, “ear”).
choropleth map
From Ancient Greek χώρα (khṓra, “location”) + πλῆθος (plêthos, “a great number”) + English map. First proposed in 1938 by American geographer John Kirtland Wright to mean "quantity in area," although maps of the type have been used since the early 19th century.
adeno-
From Ancient Greek ἀδήν (adḗn, “gland”).
no while
From Middle English no while, equivalent to no (determiner) + while (noun).
Shlomo
Transliteration of Biblical Hebrew שְׁלֹמֹה (šəlōmōʰ), from שָׁלוֹם (šālôm, “peace”). Doublet of Solomon.
opere citato
From post-Classical Latin opere citātō (“in the work quoted”), ablative singular form of opus citātum (“quoted work; the work quoted”), from Classical Latin opus (“work”) + citātum, neuter singular past participial form of citō (“to summon”). Compare opus citatum, opere laudato, loco citato, locus citatus.
operibus citatis
From post-Classical Latin operibus citātīs (“in the works quoted”), ablative plural form of Latin opus citātum (“quoted work; the work quoted”). Compare opere citato.
opake
From Middle English opake, from Latin opacus (“shaded, shady, dark”) (of unknown origin), later reinforced from Middle French opaque.
Masovia
From Polish Mazowsze, from maź (“slime”), from Proto-Slavic *mazь, thus muddy land.
Kristallnacht
Unadapted borrowing from German Kristallnacht (“night of broken glass”, literally “crystal night”).
Tavros
From Greek Ταύρος (Távros, “Taurus”).
Tinos
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τῆνος (Tênos).
Amorgos
From Ancient Greek Ἀμοργός (Amorgós).
Salinas
Borrowed from Spanish Salinas, a metonymic occupational surname for a worker in a salt mine.
Mdina
Borrowed from Maltese Mdina. Doublet of Medina.
biliverdin
From international scientific vocabulary, from German Biliverdin. By surface analysis, bili- + Italian verde + -in. The German word was naturalized into other languages as international scientific vocabulary (e.g., biliverdin, biliverdine, biliwerdyna).
stercobilin
From Latin stercus (“dung, excrement”) + Latin bīlis (“bile”).
hypophora
From Ancient Greek ὑπόφορά (hupóphorá).
Occitania
From New Latin Occitānia, from Occitānus (“Occitan”) (as used in lingua Occitāna (“Occitan language)”) + -ia. By surface analysis, Occitan + -ia.
fungi-
From the compound form of Latin fungus, from fungus (“mushroom”) + -i- (compound word interfix).
Brutalism
From brutal + -ism. Popularized in 1954 by the English architects Alison and Peter Smithson, from earlier Swedish nybrutalism (“New Brutalism”), after French béton brut (“raw concrete”), the material favored by Le Corbusier.
Enosis
Borrowed from Greek Ένωσις (Énosis, “union”).
kritarchy
From Ancient Greek κριτής (kritḗs, “a judge”) + -archy.
ectasia
From Ancient Greek ἐκτασία (ektasía), from ἔκτασις (éktasis, “a stretching out”) + -ία (-ía, abstract noun suffix), from ἐκτείνω (ekteínō, “to stretch out”) + -σῐς (-sĭs), from ἐκ (ek, “out”) + τείνω (teínō, “to stretch”).
imbecile
Borrowed from Middle French imbécile, from Latin imbēcillus (“weak, feeble”), literally “without a staff”.
lear
From Middle English laire, leire, lere, northern Middle English variants of lore, loare (“doctrine, teaching, lore”), from Old English lār (“lore”). More at lore.
From Middle English learen, leren (“to learn", also "to teach”).
Stornoway
From Scottish Gaelic Steòrnabhagh, itself from Old Norse Stjórnavágr (literally “rudder bay”).
Potiphar
From Biblical Hebrew פּוֹטִיפַר (potifár), from Egyptian pꜣ-dj-pꜣ-rꜥ (“he whom Ra gave”).
Chaoshan
From Mandarin 潮汕 (Cháoshàn).
yamen
From Mandarin 衙門／衙门 (yámen).
nonbeing
From Middle English nounbeyng, noon being, noon beyng, equivalent to non- + being.
Assi
From Arabic الْعَاصِي (al-ʕāṣī).
glotto-
Learned borrowing from Attic Greek γλωττο- (glōtto-) from the Ancient Greek γλῶττα (glôtta, “tongue”), Attic form of γλῶσσα (glôssa).
gonio-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu
Proto-Hellenic *gónu
Ancient Greek γόνῠ (gónŭ)der.
Ancient Greek γωνίᾱ (gōníā)der.
English gonio-
From Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía, “angle”).
Hader
* As a German and Jewish surname, from the noun Hader (“fight, battle”).
* Also as a German and Jewish surname, from the noun Hader (“rags, tattered clothes”).
* Also as a German surname, variant of Heider.
Erebuni
From Urartian 𒌷𒅕𒁍𒌑𒉌 (ᵁᴿᵁer-bu-u₂-ni /⁠Er(e)buni⁠/).
salivarium
From New Latin salīvārium, from Latin salīva + -ārium.
dither
Variant of didder, from Middle English dideren (“to tremble”). Compare Middle English bididren, bididdren (“to seduce, deceive”), from Old English bedidrian, bedyderian (“to deceive, trick”).
Alternatively, perhaps with expressive voicing from *titeren, from Proto-Germanic *titrōną. If so, then a doublet of teeter and cognate with Old High German zittarōn (German zittern) and Old Norse titra (Faroese titra, Icelandic titra). Alternatively an unrelated reduplicative onomatopoeia.
icono-
Equivalent to icon + -o-. From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn), as in terms such as εἰκονοκλάστης (eikonoklástēs).
Memphite
From Middle English Memphyte, from Classical Latin Memphītis. By surface analysis, Memphis + -ite.
From Classical Latin Memphītēs, from Ancient Greek Μεμφῑ́της (Memphī́tēs).
kwashiorkor
From Ga kwašiɔkɔ, kwàṣìɔkɔ́ (“the sickness the older child gets when the next baby is born”).
inspiratrix
Learned borrowing from Latin inspīrātrīx. By surface analysis, inspirator + -trix.
calaverite
From Calaveras + -ite. Named for Calaveras County, California, USA; where it was first discovered. From Spanish calavera.
priestless
From Middle English prestles, perhaps a borrowing from Old Norse prestlauss (“priestless”); otherwise equivalent to priest + -less. Compare Danish præsteløs, Swedish prästlös, Norwegian presteløs, Icelandic prestlaus.
intro-
From Latin intro- (“inwards”), from intro (“inward, inwards”), q.v.
balada
Borrowed from Spanish balada (“ballad”). Doublet of ballad and ballade.
suppurant
At least superficially suppure + -ant. Ultimately from Latin suppūrō.
ganta
From Spanish ganta, from Cebuano gantang, from Malay gantang. Doublet of gantang.
retropharyngeal
Mid 19th century from retro- + pharyngeal, after French rétro-pharyngien.
Wotanism
* From German Wotan (“Odin”) + -ism.
* White supremacist David Lane chose the spelling because it allowed the backronym "will of the Aryan nation".
padma
From Sanskrit पद्म (padma).
Borrowed from Sanskrit पद्म (padma, “lotus”), which the river was named for. Doublet of Pema.
dormitorium
Learned borrowing from Latin dormītōrium. Doublet of dormitory and dorter.
plicate
From Latin plicātus, perfect passive participle of plicō (“to fold”), see -ate.
vajra
From Sanskrit वज्र (vájra). Doublet of waker; see there for more.
limbate
First attested in 1826; borrowed from Latin limbātus, from limbus (“edge, border”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
enchorial
From Ancient Greek ἐγχώριος (enkhṓrios, “rural, in or of the country”), from χώρα (khṓra, “country”).
frain
From Middle English fraynen, freinen (“to ask”), from Old English freġnan, friġnan (“to ask, inquire, learn”), from Proto-West Germanic *fregnan, from Proto-Germanic *frehnaną (“to ask”), from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“to ask, woo”).
Cognates
Cognate with Icelandic fregna (“to ask, inquire”), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌽 (fraihnan, “to ask”). Related also to Dutch vragen (“to ask”), German fragen (“to ask”), Norwegian frega (“to ask”), Latin precor (“ask, beseech”), Sanskrit पृच्छति (pṛccháti, “to ask”), Lithuanian prašyti (“to request”), Polish prosić (“to request”).
unhomeliness
From Middle English unhomlines, unhamlynes, equivalent to unhomely + -ness.
strongness
From Middle English strongnes, stroungnesse, from Old English strangnes, equivalent to strong + -ness.
shamefastness
From Middle English schamefastnesse, from Old English sċeamfæstness (“modesty”), equivalent to shamefast + -ness.
theatre
From Middle English theater, theatre, from Old French theatre, from Latin theatrum, from Ancient Greek θέατρον (théatron, “a place for viewing”), from θεάομαι (theáomai, “to see, watch, observe”).
kutia
From Russian кутья (kutʹja) and Ukrainian кутя (kutja).
mizeria
Borrowed from Polish mizeria (“squalor”), due to the salad's low-class origin. Doublet of misère and misery.
leuco-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *lewkós
Proto-Hellenic *leukós
Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós)der.
English leuco-
From Latinized form of Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”).
sallowy
From Middle English *salowy, from Old English *saluwiġ (“dark-coloured, yellowish”) (attested in saluwiġfeþera, saluwiġpād (“having dark feathers”)), equivalent to sallow + -y.
nomos
From Ancient Greek νομός (nomós, “district”), from νέμω (némō, “to divide”). Doublet of nome.
malaco-
From Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft”), the word that French mollusque (“mollusk”), originally from Latin mollis (“soft”) was meant to be a calque of. By surface analysis, malac- + -o-.
Tjernobyl
Borrowed from Danish Tjernobyl or Swedish Tjernobyl.