MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
mitochondrion
From German Mitochondrium, coined by Carl Benda in 1898, from Ancient Greek μίτος (mítos, “thread”) + χονδρίον (khondríon), diminutive of χόνδρος (khóndros, “grain, morsel”).
phagocytosis
From German Phagocytosis; equivalent to phagocyte + -osis; compare French phagocytose.
vacuole
From French vacuole, from Medieval Latin vacuola, formed as a diminutive of Latin vacuus (“empty”).
cytoplasm
Borrowed from German Zytoplasma, Cytoplasma. Equivalent to cyto- (“cell”) + -plasm (“contents of a cell”).
aqueous
Formed from Latin aqua + -ous (or from Medieval Latin aqueus), partly the analogy of Middle French aqueux (itself actually from Latin aquosus). Or based on the analogy of Latin terreus from terra.
catabolism
From Ancient Greek καταβολή (katabolḗ, “throwing down”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”).
federal
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰós
Proto-Italic *feiðos
Latin foedusder.
French fédéralder.
English federal
From French fédéral, from Latin stem foeder- of foedus (“covenant, league, treaty, alliance”).
vulnerable
From Late Latin vulnerābilis (“injurious, wounding”), from Latin vulnerō (“to wound”).
in loco parentis
Borrowed from Latin in locō parentis (“in place of a parent”).
dulce
Alteration of earlier douce, from Middle English douce, from Old French douz, douce. Doublet of dolce, douce, and doux.
From Middle English doucen, from the adjective (see above).
From Spanish Dulce.
palla
Borrowed from Italian palla (“ball”). Doublet of ball.
Learned borrowing from Latin palla. Doublet of pall.
* As an Italian surname, borrowed from Italian Palla.
* As a Catalan and Galician surname, from palla (“straw”).
* As a Hungarian surname, variant of Pál.
* As a Telugu surname, borrowed from Telugu పల్ల (palla) or Telugu పాళ్ళ (pāḷḷa).
* As a Punjabi Sikh surname, borrowed from Punjabi ਪੱਲਾ (pallā, “edge of a garment”).
chill
From Middle English chele, chile, from Old English ċiele, ċele (“cold; coldness”), from Proto-West Germanic *kali, from Proto-Germanic *kaliz, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold”). Closely related with Dutch kil. Also akin to cool, cold, gel, and congeal, which see.
From Middle English chillen, from Old English ċilian (“to be cold”), from Proto-West Germanic *kilēn (“to be cold”). Cognate with Middle Dutch killen (“to be cold”), Dutch killen (“to be cold, shiver”).
From Middle English ichille, equivalent to ch- + will, from ich + will.
Asia Minor
From Latin Asia Minor (“lesser Asia”), distinguishing it from Asia Major (i.e., Asia as a whole).
chilling
From Middle English chilling, chelling, chyllinge, chillynge, chillande, equivalent to chill + -ing.
From Middle English chilling, chillyng, chyllynge, equivalent to chill + -ing.
Shakespeare
A common Middle English surname meaning spearman, corresponding to shake (“to brandish a weapon”) + spear.
propriety
From late Middle English proprietee, propretee, propriete (“ownership”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman propreté, Middle French proprieté, from Latin proprietās. By surface analysis, prop(e)r + -iety. Doublet of property.
valence
Etymology 1, noun sense 1.1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and etymology 1, noun sense 3 (“one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state”) are borrowed from German Valenz + English -ence (suffix meaning ‘having the condition or state of’). Valenz is a clipping of Quantivalenz (“(archaic) valence in chemistry”), from English quantivalence, from Latin quantus (“how much”) + English -i- (interfix inserted between morphemes of Latin origin for ease of pronunciation) + Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”) (whence Late Middle English valence (“medicinal preparation made from plants”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”)). Quantivalence was coined by F. O. Ward who communicated it to the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818–1892), leading him to coin the German word Quantivalenz. Doublet of value.
Etymology 1, noun sense 2 (“number of arguments a verb can have”) was formed by analogy to the use of the word in chemistry: see above.
Borrowed from French Valence. Doublet of Valencia.
unfold
From Middle English unfolden, from Old English unfealdan (“to unfold”), equivalent to un- + fold.
therapeutic
From Middle English terapeucia, from New Latin therapeuticus (“curing, healing”), from Ancient Greek θεραπευτικός (therapeutikós, “attentive, helpful, obliging, curative”), from θεραπευτής (therapeutḗs, “one who waits on another, an attendant”), from θεραπεύω (therapeúō, “I wait on, attend, serve, cure”).
healing
From Middle English heelinge, helynge, from Old English hǣling (“healing”), from Proto-Germanic *hailingō (“healing”), from Proto-Germanic *hailijaną (“to heal”), equivalent to heal + -ing. Cognate with West Frisian hieling (“healing”), Dutch heling (“healing”), German Heilung (“healing; cure”).
From Middle English heelyng, equivalent to heal + -ing.
regenerate
From Latin regenerātus, perfect passive participle of regenerō, from re- + generō, from genus, generis (“descent, origin, birth”); -ō, equivalent to re- + generate.
aldehyde
Etymology tree
Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.
Aramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.
Arabic كُحْل (kuḥl)
Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor.
Latin alcoholder.
Proto-Indo-European *de
Proto-Indo-European *-h₁
Proto-Indo-European *déh₁
Proto-Italic *dē
Latin dē
Latin de-der.
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Hellenic *údōr
Ancient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)
Ancient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der.
German Aldehydbor.
English aldehyde
Borrowed from German Aldehyd, a contraction of the Latin al(cohol) dehyd(rogenātum).
chromatography
Back-formation from chromatographic, borrowed from German chromatographisch (see there for more); by surface analysis, chromato- + -graphy. The technique is so named because it was developed primarily for the separation of the plant pigments, which would separate in bands of different "colors" (chromato-) .
separation
Attested in the 15th Century C.E.; from Middle English separacioun, from Old French separacion, from Latin separatio, separationem. Morphologically separate + -ion.
depopulate
First attested in 1531; borrowed from Latin dēpopulātus, perfect active participle of dēpopulor (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)). Compare depeople, French dépeupler, Italian spopolare, Spanish despoblar, Portuguese despovoar and Romanian despopora; by surface analysis, de- + populate. Participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
happening
From Middle English *happenynge, *happnynge. By surface analysis, happen + -ing.
From Middle English happenyng, equivalent to happen + -ing. As term used in performance art popularized by Allan Kaprow.
sustain
From Middle English susteinen, sustenen, from Old French sustenir (French soutenir), from Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”), from sub- (“from below, up”) + teneō (“hold”, verb).
corroborate
First attested in the 1530s; borrowed from Latin corrōborātus (“strengthened”), perfect passive participle of corrōborō (“to support, corroborate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from con- (“together”) + rōborō (“to strengthen”), from rōbur, rōboris (“strength”). Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English, otherwise archaic.
verstehen
Unadapted borrowing from German Verstehen or German verstehen (“to understand, comprehend”).
ideologue
Borrowed from French idéologue (circa 1800), from earlier idéologie (“ideology”) (1796). Classical compound on Ancient Greek roots, equivalent to ideo- + -logue.
typical
From Late Latin typicalis, from Latin typicus (“typical”), from Ancient Greek τυπικός (tupikós, “of or pertaining to a type, conformable, typical”), from τύπος (túpos, “mark, impression, type”), equivalent to typic + -al and type + -ical.
forbear
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Germanic *fra-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti
Proto-Germanic *beraną
Proto-Germanic *fraberaną
Old English forberan
Middle English forberen
English forbear
From Middle English forberen, from Old English forberan (“to forbear, abstain from, refrain; suffer, endure, tolerate, humor; restrain; do without”), from Proto-Germanic *fraberaną (“to hold back, endure”); equivalent to for- + bear. Cognate with Old Frisian forbera (“to forfeit”), Middle High German verbërn (“to have not; abstain; refrain from; avoid”) (Cimbrian forbèeran), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (frabairan, “to endure”).
kilt
From Middle English kilten (“to tuck up, gird”), apparently from North Germanic, ultimately from Old Norse kelta, kjalta (“skirt; lap”). Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *kelt-, *kelþǭ, *kilþį̄ (“womb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“round body; child”). Cognate with Danish kilte (“to tuck”), Swedish kilta (“to swathe”). Related to English child.
From Middle English kilt, equivalent to kill + -t.
picturesque
From picture + -esque, a calque of French pittoresque, from picture (“a picture, painting”).
meritorious
From Middle English meritorious, borrowed between 1375 and 1425 from Latin meritōrius (“earning money”), from meritus, past participle of mereō (“to earn”).
suture
From Middle English suture, from Latin sūtūra (“suture”), from suere (“sew, join or tack together”) + -tūra (forms action nouns).
diabetes mellitus
Learned borrowing from New Latin diabetes mellitus (“diabetes of the sweet type”) (from the fact that in centuries past, physicians sometimes tasted a patient's urine to help diagnose the illness).
diabetes insipidus
Learned borrowing from Latin diabetes insipidus (“tasteless diabetes”), as opposed to diabetes mellitus (“sweet diabetes”) because of the absence of glucose in urine in the former.
glaucoma
Borrowed from Ancient Greek γλαύκωμα (glaúkōma, “an opacity of the crystalline lens”), derived from γλαυκός (glaukós, “blue-green”).
Louis
From French Louis, from Middle French Loïs, Loïc, &c., from Old French Looïs, Luis, Lodhuvigs, Lodevis, Lodhwig, &c., from Latin Ludovicus, from Clodovicus, from Frankish *Hlūdawīg, from Proto-Germanic *hlūdaz (“loud; famous”) + *wīgą (“battle”).
Doublet of Lewis (which is inherited since the Middle Ages) and, more remotely, Aloysius, Luis, Ludwig, Luigi, and Clovis.
Borrowed from French louis, from Louis, the name of the French kings who first issued these coins and whose images appeared on their obverses.
believer
From Middle English bilevar, bileever, belever, equivalent to believe + -er.
democratic
From Middle French democratique (“pertaining to democracy, democratic”) (modern French démocratique), and its etymon Late Latin democraticus (“pertaining to democracy, democratic; democrat”), from Ancient Greek δημοκρᾰτῐκός (dēmokrătĭkós, “of or for democracy; favouring or suited for democracy”), from δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (dēmokrătĭ́ā, “democracy”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, suffix with the sense ‘of or pertaining’ to forming adjectives). Δημοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (Dēmokrătĭ́ā) is derived from δῆμος (dêmos, “the common people; free citizens, sovereign people; popular assembly; popular government, democracy”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- (“to divide; to share”)) + -κρᾰτῐ́ᾱ (-krătĭ́ā, suffix meaning ‘government; rule’) (from κρᾰ́τος (krắtos, “might, strength; dominion, power”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kret- (“insight, intelligence; strength”)) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns)). By surface analysis, demo- + -cratic or democrat + -ic.
margin
From Middle English margyn, from Latin marginem (possibly via Old French margin), accusative of margō (“edge, brink, border, margin”). Doublet of marge and margo.
economic
The noun is derived from Middle English economike, iconomique (“household management”), and then:
* from Middle French iconomique, oeconomique, and Old French iconomike (“(noun) household management; person in charge of household management; (adjective) relating to household management; relating to domestic or family matters; relating to management of a state; reducing costs or expenses, economical”) (modern French économique); and
* from their etymon Latin oeconomicus (“(noun) household manager, housekeeper, steward; (adjective) relating to orderly arrangement of written material”) (whence Late Latin economicus (“relating to (management of) a household”)), and economica (“household management”), both from Ancient Greek οἰκονομῐκός (oikonomĭkós, “skilled in household management; frugal, thrifty, economical”) (whence Koine Greek οἰκονομῐκός (oikonomĭkós, “relating to orderly arrangement of written material”));
from οἰκονόμος (oikonómos, “master of a house; household manager, steward; administrator, manager”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, suffix meaning ‘of or relating to’ forming adjectives). Οἰκονόμος (Oikonómos) is derived from οἶκος (oîkos, “dwelling place, house; estate”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“(verb) to enter in; to settle; (noun) settlement”)) + νόμος (nómos, “law, ordinance”) (from νέμω (némō, “to distribute; to possess”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to distribute; to give; to take”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming o-grade action nouns from verbs)).
Noun sense 2.2 (“one who manages the income of a vacant benefice”) is from Italian economo, from Late Latin oeconomus (“housekeeper, steward; administrator, especially of a religious foundation”), from Ancient Greek οἰκονόμος (oikonómos, “master of a house; household manager, steward; administrator, manager”): see above.
The adjective is derived from the noun; compare the adjective senses in Middle and Old French, Latin, and Ancient Greek.
By surface analysis, economy + -ic.
Etruscan
From Latin Etruscus (which see for more) + -an.
emergency
Borrowed from Medieval Latin emergentia, from Latin emergens, present participle of emergo (“to emerge, arise, come forth”), equivalent to emergent + -cy or emerge + -ency. Doublet of emergence.
imitate
Borrowed from Latin imitātus, perfect active participle of imitor (“to copy, portray, imitate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Cognate with French imiter.
extinct
From Late Middle English extinct (“eliminated, eradicated, extinguished”), from Latin extīnctus, exstīnctus (“extinguished, quenched; destroyed, killed; made extinct”), the perfect passive participles of extinguō, exstinguō (“to extinguish, put out, quench; (figurative) to abolish; to destroy, kill”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + stinguō (“to extinguish, put out, quench”) (from Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push”)). The Middle English word displaced Middle English aqueint, aquenched (“extinct; extinguished”). Doublet of extinguish.
From Middle English extincten (“to extinguish or put out (a fire, light, etc.); to destroy, kill; (figurative) to suppress (an uprising); (law) to quash or stop (legal proceedings); to cancel (a privilege, title, etc.); (medicine) to eliminate or reduce (inflammation, an ulcer, etc.)”), from extinct (adjective) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming the infinitive of verbs).
Either:
* from Latin extīnctus, exstīnctus, a noun use of the perfect passive participle of extinguō, exstinguō (see etymology 1); or
* from the verb (see etymology 2).
assistance
From Middle English assistance, from Middle French assistance, from Medieval Latin assistentia, from Latin assistō (“to stand at”). By surface analysis, assist + -ance.
decortication
From Latin dēcorticātiōn-, dēcorticātiō.
decorticate
The verb is first attested in 1611, the adjective in 1872; borrowed from Latin dēcorticātus, perfect passive participle of dēcorticō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from dē- (“of, from”) + cortex (“bark”, oblique stem in cortic-) + -ō.
biennium
From Latin biennium, from biennis (“2-year”) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns), from bi- (“two”) + annus (“year”), q.v.
response
Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-
Proto-Indo-European *spend-
Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti
Proto-Italic *spondejō
Proto-Italic *spondeō
Latin spondeō
Latin respondeō
Latin respōnsumbor.
Old French respunsbor.
Middle English respounse
English response
From Middle English respounse, respons, from Old French respons, respuns, responce, ultimately from the Latin respōnsum, a nominal use of the neuter form of respōnsus, the perfect passive participle of respondeō, from re (“again”) + spondeō (“promise”). Doublet of responsum.
collagen
From French collagène, coined from Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) and -γενής (-genḗs, “-forming”) (see -gen); it is the main substance that animal glues are derived from.
Boston
The US city is named after the English town (from which several prominent colonists had come), which itself is sometimes said to be named as a contraction of Botolph's town or Botolph's stone (the name Botolph itself coming from Old English Botwulf, from boda + wulf). However, this is uncertain.
slough
From Middle English slogh, slugh, slouh, from Proto-Germanic *sluk-, perhaps related to *sleupaną (“to slip, sneak”) (compare Gothic 𐍃𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽 (sliupan)).
Akin to Middle Low German slô (“sheath, skin on a hoof”). Perhaps also related with Old Saxon slūk (“snakeskin”), Middle High German slūch, whence German Schlauch (“waterskin, hose”).
From Middle English slough (“muddy place; swamp; mire”), Old English slōh, probably from Proto-Germanic *slōhaz.
From Middle English Slo, perhaps related to the noun slough (“marsh”) (referring to the land) or to sloe (referring to bushes).
Ulster
Possibly from Old Norse Uladztir, itself from Old Irish Ulaid (“Ulstermen”). More at Ulster.
whoop
From Middle English whopen, whowpen, howpen, houpen (“to whoop, cry out”), partially from Old French houper, hopper, houpper (“to shout”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hwōpaną (“to boast, threaten”) (compare Gothic 𐍈𐍉𐍀𐌰𐌽 (ƕōpan, “to boast”), Old English hwōpan (“to threaten”)); and partially from Middle English wop (“weeping, lamentation”), from Old English wōp (“cry, outcry, shrieking, weeping, lamentation”), from Proto-West Germanic *wōp, from Proto-Germanic *wōpaz (“shout, cry, wail”) (compare Old Norse ópa (“to cry, scream, shout”), Gothic 𐍅𐍉𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wōpjan, “to cry out”)).
smurf
Borrowed from Dutch smurf (via the Belgian comic De Smurfen, a translation of French Les Schtroumpfs), from French schtroumpf, a word that was created by Peyo based on German Strumpf (literally “stocking, sock”) while he was having dinner, either simply because it sounds funny to the French ear or based on a regional German use for “idiot”. Armand van Raalte was an employee for the Belgian publisher of Peyo's stories who felt that schtroumpf would not have the same effect in Dutch, so he tried to find a simple word that could be used both as a noun and a verb. The result was smurf. In other languages, the term was similarly altered; compare the translations below.
harass
The verb is derived from Middle French, Old French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out; to harry, torment, vex”) (modern French harasser (“to exhaust, tire out, wear out”)), possibly from Old French harer (“to set a dog on”), from Frankish *hara (“here, hither”) (a command for a dog to attack), from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r (“here, in this place”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here; this”) + *ís (“the (person or thing just named)”) + *-r.
The noun is derived from the verb.
molest
From Middle English molesten, from Old French molester, from Latin molestō (“to trouble, annoy, molest”), from molestus (“troublesome”), from moles (“a burden, difficulty, labor, trouble”); see mole.
frore
From Middle English frore, froare, yfrore, froren, from Old English froren, ġefroren (“frozen”), from Proto-West Germanic *froʀan, from Proto-Germanic *fruzanaz (“frozen”), past participle of Proto-Germanic *freusaną (“to freeze”). Doublet of frorn and frozen.
detritus
Learned borrowing from Latin dētrītus (“(that which is) rubbed away”), from dēterō (“rub away”).
mature
From late Middle English mature, from Middle French mature, from Latin mātūrus. Doublet of maduro. Partially displaced ripe, from Old English rīpe (“ripe, mature”).
From Middle English maturen, from Middle French maturer (“to mature”), from Latin mātūrō.
maturity
From Middle English maturitee, maturyte, from Old French maturité, from Latin mātūritātem. By surface analysis, mature + -ity.
imprison
Inherited from Middle English imprisonen, emprisounen, emprisonen, from Old French emprisonner. Equivalent to im- + prison.
intrigue
Borrowed from French intrigue, from Italian intricare, from Latin intrīcō (“to entangle, perplex, embarrass”). Doublet of intricate.
hydrate
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Hellenic *údōr
Ancient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)
Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-)lbor.
French hydr-
French -ate
French hydratebor.
English hydrate
From French hydrate, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) + -ate.
distinguish
From Middle English distingwen, from Old French distinguer, from Latin distinguere (“to separate, divide, distinguish, set off, adorn, literally mark off”), from di-, dis- (“apart”) + stinguere, related to English stink. Compare extinguish.
tradition
From Middle English tradicioun, from Old French tradicion, from Latin trāditiō, from the verb trādō. Doublet of treason.
poorly
From Middle English poorly, pouerly, poreliche, poureliche, pouerliche, equivalent to poor + -ly.
merge
Borrowed from Latin mergō (“to dip; dip in; plunge; sink down into; immerse; overwhelm”).
galactic
Borrowed from Ancient Greek γαλακτικός (galaktikós, “milky”), from γάλα (gála, “milk”). Doublet of galactico.
mondo
From Japanese 問答 (mondō).
From the title of the 1962 Italian cult documentary film Mondo cane, Italian for "A Dog's World", from mondo (“world”) and cane (“dog”). The film featured bizarre scenes, leading to English use of mondo as an adverb meaning "very, extremely" in mock-Italian phrases like mondo bizarro. Doublet of monde.
aniline
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *neyH-der.?
Sanskrit नील॑ (nī́la)der.
Middle Persian 𐭭𐭩𐭫 (nīl)bor.
Arabic نِيل (nīl)der.
Andalusian Arabicbor.
Portuguese anil
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos
Proto-Italic *-īnos
Latin -īnusder.
German -in
German Anilinbor.
English aniline
Borrowed from German Anilin, coined by German chemist Carl Julius Fritzsche. From Portuguese anil (“indigo”) + -in (“-ine (organic compounds)”).
heliodor
From Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”) + δῶρον (dôron, “gift”).
transmit
From Middle English transmitten, borrowed from Latin trānsmittō (“transmit”, verb, literally “across-send”).
heliometer
From helio- + -meter, from Ancient Greek Ἥλιος (Hḗlios), from ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”), and French mètre, from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”).
Mabel
Clipping of Amabel, from Latin amābilis (“lovable”).
heliosis
From Ancient Greek ἡλίωσις (hēlíōsis, “exposure to the sun”). By surface analysis, helio- + -osis.
vogue
First attested in 1565. Borrowed from Middle French vogue (“wave, course of success”), from Old French vogue, from voguer (“to row, sway, set sail”), from Old Saxon wogōn (“to sway, rock”), var. of wagōn (“to float, fluctuate”), from Proto-Germanic *wagōną (“to sway, fluctuate”) and Proto-Germanic *wēgaz (“water in motion”), from Proto-Germanic *weganą (“to move, carry, weigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move, go, transport”) (compare way).
Akin to Old Saxon wegan (“to move”), Old High German wegan (“to move”), Old English wegan (“to move, carry, weigh”), Old Norse vaga (“to sway, fluctuate”), Old English wagian (“to sway, totter”), German Woge (“wave”), Swedish våg (“wave”). More at wag.
The dance derives its name from Vogue magazine.
From Cornish Fog, blowing house or smelting furnace.
scorch
From Middle English scorchen, scorcnen (“to make dry; parch”), perhaps an alteration of earlier *scorpnen, from Old Norse skorpna (“to shrivel up”).
heliostat
First use appear c. 1747, from New Latin heliostata, from Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”) + Latin status (“stationary”). By surface analysis, helio- + -stat.