MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
orature
From Scots oratur, orature, a variant of oratour, oritour, from Middle English oritore, a variant of ōrātōrī, ōrātōrīe (“room or other place for prayer or private study; chapel, church, temple; shrine”), from Old French oratur, orator, oratore, oratori, oratour (modern French oratoire (“oratory; oratorical”)), from Latin ōrātōrium, from ōrātōrius (“oratorical”), from ōrātor (“orator, speaker”) (from ōrō (“to deliver a speech, orate”), from ōs (“mouth”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óh₃s (“mouth”)) + -ius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns).
Kasabian
Borrowed from Armenian Գասապյան (Gasapyan), Կասաբյան (Kasabyan), Կասապյան (Kasapyan), variants of Ղասաբյան (Ġasabyan).
sarpanch
Borrowed from Hindi सरपंच (sarpañc), from Hindi सर (sar, “head”) / Urdu سر (sar, “head; chief”) (from Persian سر (sar, “head; chief, leader”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head; top”)) + Hindi पंच (pañc, “five (number of people in a panchayat council)”) / Urdu پنچ (pañc); from Sanskrit पञ्च (pañca, “five”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe (“five”).
nannandrium
From Ancient Greek νᾶνος (nânos, “dwarf”) + ἀνδρός (andrós, “male”) + -ium.
aerophane
From aero- + -phane, or from French aérophane.
firwood
From Middle English *firwode, *firrewode, from Old English furhwudu, equivalent to fir + wood.
kumkum
From Hindi कुमकुम (kumkum) from Sanskrit कुङ्कुम (kuṅkuma).
Bahasa Indonesia
Borrowed from Indonesian bahasa Indonesia, from bahasa + Indonesia, with Indonesian bahasa from Malay bahasa.
Paeonia
Borrowed from Latin Paeonia, from Ancient Greek Παιονία (Paionía).
rhipidium
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥιπίδιον (rhipídion).
Canavan
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Ceanndubháin (“descendant of Ceanndubhán”), a personal name composed of the elements ceann (“head”), dubh (“black”) and the diminutive suffix -án.
caldesmon
From cal(cium) + desm- + -on, from Ancient Greek δεσμός (desmós, “band, bond”).
camptodactyly
From Ancient Greek καμπτός (kamptós, “bent”) and from Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”).
hudud
From Arabic حُدُود (ḥudūd, “boundaries, penalties”).
catochus
From Ancient Greek κάτοχος (kátokhos, “catalepsy”), from κατέχω (katékhō, “hold down”).
Lake Wobegon
Coined by American radio personality Garrison Keillor in 1976, from lake + woebegone, but explained as derived from an Ojibwe word with the meaning "the place where we waited all day in the rain [for you].".
Ianthe
From Ancient Greek Ἰάνθη (Iánthē, literally “purple/violet flower”).
choroideremia
From choroid + Ancient Greek ἐρῆμος (erêmos, “lonely”) + -ia.
Melete
From Latin Melete, from Ancient Greek Μελέτη (Melétē).
colpocleisis
From Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos) + Ancient Greek κλεῖσις (kleîsis). By surface analysis, colpo- + -cleisis.
subclavius
Borrowed from New Latin subclavius, from sub- (“under”) + clavicula (“collar bone, clavicle”) + -ius (suffix to form an adjective).
cricoarytenoid
From crico- + arytenoid, or borrowed from New Latin cricoarytaenoīdēs.
arbitrix
Learned borrowing from Latin arbitrīx. By surface analysis, arbiter + -trix.
fresser
Borrowed from Yiddish פֿרעסער (freser).
cricothyroideus
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κρῐ́κος (krĭ́kos)
Proto-Indo-European *weyd-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wéydos
Proto-Hellenic *wéidos
Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *-ēs
Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs)
Ancient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs)
Ancient Greek κρῐκοειδής (krĭkoeidḗs)bor.
New Latin cricoīdēs
Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-der.
Proto-Hellenic *tʰurā
Ancient Greek θῠ́ρᾱ (thŭ́rā)
Ancient Greek -εος (-eos)
Ancient Greek θῠρεός (thŭreós)
▲
Ancient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs)
Ancient Greek θῠρεοειδής (thŭreoeidḗs)
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Indo-European *-éyos
Proto-Italic *-ejos
Proto-Italic *-eos
New Latin -eus
New Latin thyroīdeus
New Latin cricothyroīdeusbor.
English cricothyroideus
Borrowed from New Latin cricothyroīdeus, clipping of musculus cricothyroīdeus (“cricothyroid muscle”).
biastophilia
From Ancient Greek βιαστής (biastḗs, “rape”) + -philia.
kokoshnik
Borrowed from Russian коко́шник (kokóšnik), meaning "like [the crest or comb of] a hen".
sarafan
From Russian сарафа́н (sarafán), from Turkic, from Persian سراپا (sarâpâ, literally “from head to foot”). Doublet of sarapa.
unabiding
From Middle English unabydyng; equivalent to un- + abiding.
mulukhiyah
From Arabic مُلُوخِيَّة (mulūḵiyya).
moroheiya
Borrowed from Japanese モロヘイヤ (moroheiya), from Egyptian Arabic ملوخية.
brasque
From French brasque, from Vulgar Latin *brasica, from Proto-West Germanic *brasa, from Proto-Germanic *brasō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰres- (“to burst, crack”); Related to Proto-Germanic *brestaną. Or, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to seethe, boil”).
logaoedic
From Latin logaoedicus, from Ancient Greek λογᾰοιδῐκός (logăoidĭkós), from λόγος (lógos, “speech, prose”) + ἀοιδή (aoidḗ, “song”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, “-ic”).
Aristaeus
From Ancient Greek Ἀρισταῖος (Aristaîos, literally “Most Excellent, Most Useful”).
Tyche
Borrowed from Latin Tychē, from Ancient Greek Τύχη (Túkhē), from τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”). Compare Latin Tychō.
Sneddon
Scottish topographic surname, from Old English snāw (“snow”) + dūn (“hill”).
cukup
From Malay cukup (“enough”), coined by e-sports athletes in Malaysia and Singapore when competing with each other in e-sports matches.
stenochoria
From Ancient Greek στενοχωρία (stenokhōría), see στενοχωρέω (stenokhōréō).
sternocleidomastoideus
Borrowed from New Latin sternocleidomastoīdeus, clipping of mūsculus sternocleidomastoīdeus (“sternocleidomastoid muscle”).
sternohyoideus
Borrowed from New Latin sternohȳoīdeus, clipping of mūsculus sternohȳoīdeus (“sternohyoid muscle”). Doublet of sternohyoid.
stremma
From Byzantine Greek στρέμμα (strémma, “a turning”), referring to the turning of the soil.
stylopharyngeus
Borrowed from New Latin stylopharyngeus, clipping of mūsculus stylopharyngeus (“stylopharyngeal muscle”). Doublet of stylopharyngeal.
styloglossus
Borrowed from New Latin styloglōssus, clipping of mūsculus styloglōssus (“styloglossal muscle”).
stylohyoideus
Borrowed from New Latin stylohȳoīdeus, clipping of mūsculus stylohȳoīdeus (“stylohyoid muscle”). Doublet of stylohyoid.
syndesis
Initially in cytology from German Syndesis, coined by Valentin Häcker in 1904 from Ancient Greek σύνδεσις (súndesis, “binding, joining”), from συνδεῖν (sundeîn, “to join, to bind”) + -σῐς (-sĭs, “-sis: forming nouns”), from σῠν- (sŭn-, “together”) + δεῖν (deîn, “to bind, to tie”). Equivalent to syn- + -desis.
spireme
From Ancient Greek σπείραμα (speírama, “convolution”), ultimately from σπεῖρα (speîra). Probably influenced by -eme.
quindenary
From Latin quindēnārius (“containing fifteen”). Equivalent to quindene + -ary.
unmercy
From Middle English onmerci, unmerci, unmercy; equivalent to un- (“lack or absence of”) + mercy.
wealy
From Middle English wely, from Old English weliġ, weoliġ, weleġ, from Proto-West Germanic *welag (“wealthy”), equivalent to weal + -y. Cognate with Dutch welig (“luxurious, lavish”), Low German welig (“happy, fortunate”).
arigato
Borrowed from Japanese ありがとう (arigatō, “thank you”).
Kitchawan
Perhaps from Munsee kíhtsiipoong (kíhtsi·po·ng), from kíhtsiipuw (kíhtsi·pəw, “big river”) + -ung (-əng, locative suffix), from kíhch- (“big, very”), from Proto-Algonquian *keʔči-, + síipuw (sí·pəw, “river”), from Proto-Algonquian *si·pi·wi. The river was later renamed after the group's chief, Croton.
facekini
Blend of face + bikini, calque of Chinese 臉基尼 /脸基尼 (liǎnjīní), equivalent to face + -kini.
ignoratio elenchi
From Latin ignōrātiō elenchī (“ignorance of the refutation”).
Yardley
From Old English ġerd (“stick, rod”) + lēah (“woodland, clearing”). Equivalent to yard + -ley (“lea”).
dwimmercraft
From Middle English dwimmer-craft, dwemercraft, from Old English dweomorcræft (“magical arts, sorcery”), equivalent to dwimmer + -craft.
horror vacui
From Latin horror vacuī (“fear of empty space”), from horror (“horror, fear”) + vacuum (“vacuum”).
geniohyoideus
Borrowed from New Latin genīohyoīdeus, clipping of musculus genīohyoīdeus (“geniohyoid muscle”).
Elmira
Possibly a feminine equivalent of Elmer, from Proto-Germanic *aþalaz (“noble”) + *mēraz (“famous”), as in Spanish Edelmira. Introduced through literature (Molière, Goethe).
dichasium
From New Latin dichasium, from di- + Ancient Greek χάσις (khásis, “chasm, separation”).
mutsuddy
From Urdu متصدی (mutaṣaddī, “accountant, clerk”)
r rotunda
From or representing Latin r rotunda (literally “round ‘r’”). The adjective rotunda is the feminine form of rotundus, inflected to agree with littera (“letter”), elliptically omitted (compare e caudata). The phrase is little attested in Latin, and might have been formed in English, or been borrowed from another language which formed it from those Latin roots.
chromoluminarism
Borrowed from French chromo-luminarisme. See chromo- (“color”) and luminous. The style was believed to achieve greater luminosity than physically mixing pigments.
khanith
From Arabic خَنِيث (ḵanīṯ).
Presteigne
From Old English prēost + hem-mǣd (“priest's border meadow”), recorded as Prestehemed in 1137.
Islamic State
From the group's Arabic-language name, الدَّوْلَة الْإِسْلَامِيَّة (ad-dawla l-ʔislāmiyya, literally “the Islamic State”).
Geechee
Clipping of Ogeechee.
From the Ogeechee River, a river in South Carolina, where this West African derived community settled. From Ogeechee, from the Muskogee language term meaning "river of the Uchees", from Creek Uchee, the Muskogee Creek name for the Yuchi people (an exonym provided by the Creek).
blunket
From Middle English plunket (noun), from plunket (“of a blue or greyish colour”, adjective), perhaps the past participle of *plunken (“to cover with lead or lead-colouring”), from Old French plonquier, plonchier (“to cover with lead”), in imitation of Old French plunkié, plonquié (“lead-coloured", also "grey cloth”); ultimately from Latin plumbum (“lead”). The adjective is attested earlier than the noun, yet it remains unclear whether the fabric (which often retained the spelling plunket) gave its name to the color or the other way around. The word is similar to blanket (“cloth”), inviting speculation that it derives (like that word) from Old French blanchet, blanquet (“whitish”), but the most common form even as late as Early Modern English was blunket, and some early works seem to identify it as dark red or violet, which makes that theory phonologically and semantically problematic.
lewth
From Middle English leuþe, from Old English hlēowþ, corresponding to lew + -th (abstract nominal suffix).
Mwotlap
Borrowed from Mwotlap M̄otlap (“Motalava island”), from Proto-Torres-Banks *Mʷotalaβa (“big Mota”). Cognate with Mota M̄ota Lava.
shpitzel
Borrowed from Yiddish שפּיצל (shpitsl).
tzniut
From Hebrew צניעות (tsni'út, literally “modesty; humility”).
wormfowl
From Middle English wermfoul, equivalent to worm + fowl.
Gleason
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Glasáin (“descendant of Glasán”), a personal name which derives from a diminutive form of glas (“green, blue, grey”).
reguerdon
From Anglo-Norman reguerdoner (“to reward”), from re- + guerdoner (“to guerdon”), from Medieval Latin widerdōnum, alteration of widerlōnum, from West Germanic (whence Old High German widarlōn, Old English wiþerlēan), literally ‘back-payment’, with the second element assimilated to Latin dōnum (“gift”).
From Anglo-Norman reguierdon, from re- + guerdon.
phren
From Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “mind; stomach, midriff”).
dudhwallah
Borrowed from Hindi दूधवाला (dūdhvālā, “milkman”). See wallah.
sic semper tyrannis
From the Latin sīc semper tyrannīs (“thus always to tyrants”). While the line is sometimes said to have been uttered by Brutus after he assassinated Julius Caesar, the utterance itself is recorded in no ancient sources and appears to be a modern invention. It is probably a Latin translation by the US Founding Father George Wythe of what Tiberius Gracchus' grandfather, the general and statesman Scipio Aemilianus, said when he heard of the assassination of his grandson. According to Plutarch (21.4), he reacted by quoting Homer's Odyssey (1.47): ὡς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος, ὅτις τοιαῦτά γε ῥέζοι (And so perish all who do the same). This etymology is presented by Mike Fontaine, though he mentions both Wythe and George Mason as possible translators, which is very unlikely since Wythe is famous as a Classicist whereas there is no recorded mention of Mason's knowledge of Greek.
Singhbonga
From one of the Munda languages; said to be a compound of sing ("sun") and bonga ("god or spirit").
haydamak
Borrowed from Ukrainian гайдамака (hajdamaka), ultimately from Ottoman Turkish هايدامق (haydamak), probably from the Ottoman Turkish هایده (hayde), combined with the Ottoman Turkish ـمق (-mak), possibly under influence of Ukrainian -ак (-ak), related to haydamak.
aedility
From Latin aedīlis (“commissioner or magistrate”), from aedēs + -īlis. By surface analysis, Latin aed(ēs) + -ile + -ity.
Jinhua
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 金華 /金华 (Jīnhuá, literally “golden flourishing”).
Kinhwa
From the Postal Romanization of the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 金華 /金华 (Jīnhuá, literally “golden flourishing”), from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].
Chin-hua
From Mandarin 金華 /金华 (Jīnhuá, “golden flourishing”) Wade–Giles romanization: Chin¹-hua².
Holodomor
Late 1980s, from Ukrainian Голодомо́р (Holodomór), from го́лод (hólod, “hunger, famine”) + мо́р (mór, “mass death, exhaustion”). Compare мори́ти (morýty, “kill by hunger or exhaustion”, verb). Not related to Holocaust.
Kinbasket
Borrowed from Shuswap Kenpesq’t (“touching the highest part of the sky”), name of several Shuswap chiefs.
subquadrangular
From sub- + quadrangular, after New Latin subquadrangulāris.
brevis in longo
From Latin brevis in longō (brevis (“short (syllable)”) + in (“in”) + longus (“long”)).
datenkraken
Borrowed from German Datenkraken, plural of Datenkrake, itself a compound of Daten (“data”) and Krake (“octopus”), invoking an imagery of such a company being an octopus having its virtual "tentacles" deeply penetrating its users' online habits.
Aaronid
From Medieval Latin Aaronida under influence from French aaronide, from Koine Greek Αἀρωνίδης (Aarōnídēs) in the Septuagint. Equivalent to Aaron + -id.
Qudsi
Borrowed from Arabic قُدْسِيّ (qudsiyy).
sleck
From Middle English slecken, slekken, from Old Norse slekkja, sløkkva (“to extinguish, quench, slake”), from Proto-Germanic *slakjaną, *slakwijaną (“to slake”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lēg- (“weak, faint, limp”). Cognate with Old English sleċċan, slæċċan (“to make slack or slow, delay”).
Bezpopovtsy
Borrowed from Russian безпоповцы (bezpopovcy) (pre-1917 spelling; modern spelling is беспоповцы (bespopovcy)). From без- (bez-) + поп (pop, “priest”) + -ов- (-ov-) + -цы (-cy) (plural of -ец (-ec)).
shrithe
Coined by English writer and translator Kevin Crossley-Holland (born 1941): a semi-learned borrowing from Old English sċrīþan (“to go; take one's way to a place; go about; wander”), from Proto-West Germanic *skrīþan, from Proto-Germanic *skrīþaną (“to walk, go, slither, crawl”). Cognate with Dutch schrijden (“to stride”), German schreiten (“to stride, step, proceed”), Icelandic skríða (“to slither, creep, crawl”).
aunt fucker
Compound of aunt + fucker, by analogy with motherfucker.
Calque of Hindustani خَالَہ چود (xāla cod) / ख़ालाचोद (xālācod).
nusach
Borrowed from Hebrew נֻסָּח, sometimes through Yiddish.
beryciform
From Ancient Greek βήρυκος (bḗrukos) (genitive of βῆρυξ (bêrux, “fish”)) + -iform.
embolalia
From Ancient Greek ἔμβολος (émbolos, “something thrown in”) + -lalia.
paratenon
From para- + Ancient Greek τένων (ténōn, “tendon”).
Erebos
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἔρεβος (Érebos).
erythromelalgia
Ultimately derived from Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós, “red”) + μέλος (mélos, “limb”) + ἄλγος (álgos, “pain”); first used in 1878 by Silas Weir Mitchell to describe a syndrome of red congestion and burning pain in the hands and feet.
metachrotic
From meta- + + Ancient Greek χρωτικός (khrōtikós), from χρωσις (khrōsis), from χρώς (khrṓs).
Eumolpus
From Ancient Greek Εὔμολπος (Eúmolpos).
eucrasia
From Ancient Greek εὐκρᾶσις (eukrâsis), like eucrasis.
Bride of the Red Sea
Calque of Arabic عَرُوسُ الْبَحْرِ الْأَحْمَرِ (ʕarūsu l-baḥri l-ʔaḥmari).
venenous
From Middle English venenous, from Latin venēnōsus. By surface analysis, venene + -ous. Piecewise doublet of venomous.
venenosity
From Middle English venenosite, venenositee, venenoste, venenouste, from Middle French venenosite or Medieval Latin venēnōsitas. By surface analysis, venene + -osity.
tsikoudia
From Greek τσικουδιά (tsikoudiá).
Mayhem Parva
Coined by Colin Watson with reference to the works of Agatha Christie. Compare place names such as Glen Parva, Ashby Parva, etc.
"Parva" was derived from Latin parvus (“small, insignificant”), so the name can literally mean "little chaos".
masterstick
From Dutch meesterstuk. Cognate with Scots maisterstick. Compare also dialectal Dutch stik (“piece”), English steck (“piece”). See also masterpiece.
unsake
From Middle English onsaken, from Old English onsacan (“to attack, strive against”), from Proto-Germanic *ansakaną, *andsakaną (“to resist, object”), equivalent to un- + sake. Cognate with Old Saxon andsakan, antsakan (“to deny, defend oneself”).
Muwahhid
Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مُوَحِّد (muwaḥḥid). Doublet of Almohad.
romal
Borrowed from Spanish ramal, from Latin ramus (“branch”).
From Hindi रूमाल (rūmāl).
misbaha
From Arabic مِسْبَحَة (misbaḥa) from سَبَّحَ (sabbaḥa, “to praise, to glorify”).
Yulemonth
From Middle English *Yol-month (found only as Ȝoless moneþþ (literally “Yule's month”)), from Old English ġeohholmōnaþ, Iūlmōnaþ (“December”, literally “Yule-month”), equivalent to Yule + month. Compare West Frisian joelmoanne (“December”), German Julmond (“Yulemonth”).
higonokami
From Japanese 肥後守 (ひごのかみ, higonokami).
shilajit
From Hindi शिलाजीत (śilājīt).
mumijo
From Russian мумиё (mumijó), from Tajik мӯмиё (mümiyo) or мумиё (mumiyo), ultimately from Persian مومیا (mumiyâ). Doublet of mummy.
obol
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀβολός (obolós) (literally “spit” or “iron rod”). Doublet of obole and pul.
berling
From Middle English berling. More at barling.
Borrowed from German Berling.
capillitium
From New Latin, from Latin, “hair (collectively)”, from capillus.
Marfa
Transliteration of Russian and Ukrainian Ма́рфа (Márfa). Doublet of Martha. The town is named after a character in Jules Verne's novel Michael Strogoff.
Borrowed from Urdu مرفع (marfa’), ultimately from Yemeni Arabic مرفع (marfa’, “kettledrum”).
Debaltseve
From Ukrainian Деба́льцеве (Debálʹceve).
Debaltsevo
From Russian Деба́льцево (Debálʹcevo).
epitrochasm
From Late Latin epitrochasmus, from Ancient Greek ἐπιτροχασμός (epitrokhasmós), from ἐπιτροχάζω (epitrokházō, “run swiftly over”).
kuff
Shortened form of kuffar; from the Arabic كُفَّار (kuffār), the plural form of كَافِر (kāfir).
House of Allah
Calque of Arabic بَيْت اللّٰه (bayt allāh)
Allah's House
Calque of Arabic بَيْت اللّٰه (bayt allāh)
vernality
From vernal + -ity, from Latin vernalis (“pertainig to spring”).
amaryllid
From the genus name Amaryllis, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀμαρύσσω (amarússō, “dazzle”).
ruku'
Borrowed from Arabic رُكُوع (rukūʕ).
war su gai
From Cantonese 鍋燒雞 /锅烧鸡.
dillweed
Compound of dill + weed. From Old English dili (“dill”).
merit field
A translation of Tibetan ཚོགས་ཞིང (tshogs zhing, “field of merit”).
Lillo
Borrowed from Italian or Spanish Lillo. This surname is predominantly found in Chile.
Night of Power
Calque of Arabic لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْر (laylatu l-qadr).
Laylatul Qadr
From Arabic لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْر (laylatu l-qadr), from لَيْلَة (layla, “night”) and قَدْر (qadr).
McCartney
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Mac Artaine (literally “son of Artan”), from mac (“son”) + Artan, a diminutive of the name Art, from Old Irish art (“bear”). Compare McCartan, of similar origin.
County Palatinate of the Rhine
Calque of German Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein. For more, see county, palatinate and Rhine. For the German, see Pfalz + Grafschaft, bei, Rhein.
Chabad
Borrowed from Hebrew חַבָּ״ד (khabá"d), acronym of חוכמה / חָכְמָה (khokhmá, “wisdom”), בִּינָה (biná, “understanding”), דַּעַת (dá'at, “knowledge”).
half-deal
From Middle English halfdele. Equivalent to half- + deal (“part, portion”). Cognate with Danish halvdel (“half-deal”).
Palenquero
From Spanish palenquero, from San Basilio de Palenque + -ero.
vyshyvanka
From Ukrainian вишива́нка (vyšyvánka). Compare Belarusian вышыва́нка (vyšyvánka).
adhikarana
Borrowed from Sanskrit अधिकरण (adhikaraṇa, “government”).
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Borrowed from Spanish Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
The Groyne
From Spanish La Coruña, of uncertain origin, possibly through an Old French form.
Gretna Green
"Green at the gravelly hill", from Old English greot (“grit”) and hoh (“hill”).
fore-elder
From Middle English foreldre, from fore- (“fore-”) + eldre (“elder, ancestor”); equivalent to fore- + elder. Compare Old Norse foreldrar (“fore-elders”, plural), whence Danish forældre (“parents”), Swedish föräldrar (“parents”). Compare also Dutch voorouder (“ancestor”), German Voreltern (“ancestors”).
meon
From Ancient Greek μῆον (mêon), probably from μεῖον (meîon, “lesser”) for its small size.
Certainly of Celtic origin and possibly related to the river name Moenis.
mujtahid
From Arabic مُجْتَهِد (mujtahid, literally “diligent”).
qibli
Borrowed from Arabic قِبْلِيّ (qibliyy), from قِبْلَة (qibla).
Zurvanism
Of Persian origin, Zurvan + -ism, from Middle Persian [script needed] (Zurvān), from Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬥 (zruuān, “time”).
ziraleet
Borrowed from Arabic زَغَارِيد (zaḡārīd), plural of زَغْرَدَة (zaḡrada) or زُغْرُودَة (zuḡrūda)
zitkamer
Borrowed from Afrikaans sitkamer, from Dutch zitkamer.
Xiangtan
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 湘潭 (Xiāngtán, literally “[place of the] Xiang River eddy”).
antilogue
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντίλογος (antílogos, “contradictory, reverse”), from ἀντιλέγω (antilégō, “speak against, gainsay, contradict”). Equivalent to anti- + -logue.
Algeciras
From Spanish Algeciras, from Arabic الجزيرة الخضراء (al-Jazīrah al-Khaḍrāʾ, “Green Island”) in reference to nearby Isla Verde. Doublet of Algiers and Algeria.
Tyrrhenia
Via Latin Tyrrhēnia from Ancient Greek Τυρρηνῐ́ᾱ (Turrhēnĭ́ā).
rubaiyat
From Arabic رُبَاعِيَّات (rubāʕiyyāt), plural of رُبَاعِيّ (rubāʕiyy).
pur-
From Middle English pur-, from Anglo-Norman pur- (compare modern French pour), from Latin prō- (“forward direction, forward movement”). Doublet of pro-.
white rhinoceros
White of unknown origin, perhaps simply from the color (compare black rhinoceros), or perhaps from Dutch wijd (“wide”). See White Rhinoceros#Naming.
Futoshiki
Borrowed from Japanese 不等式 (futōshiki, “inequality”).
Dhumal
Borrowed from Marathi धुमाळ (dhumāḷ).
Nayak
Borrowed from Gujarati નાયક (nāyak).
Dos Hermanas
From Spanish Dos Hermanas (literally “two sisters”). The name dates from its founding in 1248 by Ferdinand III of Castile and honours the sisters of Gonzalo Nazareno, one of the king's principal military commanders.
sunstead
From sun + stead (“place, point, spot, position”), a calque of Latin sōlstitium. Compare Old English sunnstede.
Micawber
A name likely coined by Charles Dickens, evidently reminiscent of common Irish, Scots, and Scottish Gaelic surnames starting with Mc-, Mac-, both from Old Irish macc (“son, child”) (see more there). For the second particle, compare names like Aubrey; similar surnames like M(a)cAubrey are attested around Dickens' time and thus Micawber may represent a dialectal variation.
polonga
From Sinhalese පොළඟා (poḷaⁿgā).
buckwagon
From Afrikaans bok (“buck; goat”) and English wagon. The Oxford English Dictionary suggests a possible derivation from Middle English bouk (“belly”) or Old English buc (“buck; deer”).
Varga
Multiple sources, including:
* Hungarian Varga, from varga (“shoemaker”)
* Spanish Varga, from toponyms
* phonetic respelling of Polish Warga, from warga (“lip”)
moutza
From Greek μούντζα (moúntza), from Byzantine Greek μούντζα (moúntza)/μούτζα (moútza).
gladiatrix
From Latin gladiātrīx (“gladiator (female)”). By surface analysis, gladiator + -trix.
samfu
From Cantonese 衫褲／衫裤 (saam¹ fu³, “shirt (and) pants”).
Erasmine
From the Latin Erasmīnus, from Erasmus + -īnus; equivalent to Erasmus + -ine.