MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
diathesis
Borrowed from New Latin diathesis, from Ancient Greek διάθεσις (diáthesis, “state, condition”), from διατίθημι (diatíthēmi, “to arrange”).
Semite
From Sem, Shem + -ite, from Late Latin Sēm, from Ancient Greek Σήμ (Sḗm), from Biblical Hebrew שם (šēm). Compare German Semit, New Latin Sēmīta, French sémite.
Damon
From Ancient Greek Δάμων (Dámōn), a name famous for the story of Damon and Pythias; derivative of δαμάζω (damázō, “to tame, subdue”).
disafforestation
From post-classical Latin disafforestātiō (13th cent.), from the participial stem of Latin disafforestō. By surface analysis, disafforest + -ation.
dysgenic
From dys- + -genic, produced from New Latin dys- from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) and γένος (génos, “offspring”).
teld
From Middle English teld, tield, telte, from Old English teld (“tent, pavilion, tabernacle”), from Proto-West Germanic *teld, from Proto-Germanic *teldą (“tent”), from Proto-Indo-European *delt- (“board”). Cognate with Middle Dutch telde, telt (“tent”), German Zelt (“tent”), Swedish tält (“tent”), Icelandic tjald (“tent”). Doublet of tilt and geteld.
From Middle English telden (“to set up a tent”), from teld (“tent”). See above.
impulsion
From Middle English impulsioun, from Old French impulsion, from Latin impulsio, impulsionem.
imprudence
From im- + prudence. From Middle French imprudence, from Latin imprudentia.
guaranty
From Old French guarantie, from Old French guarantie (“protection, defense”), from Old French garantir, guarantir (“to warrant, vouch for something”), from Old French garant, guarant, warant (“a warrant; warranter, supporter, defender, protector”), from Frankish *warand, *warjand (“a warrant”), from Frankish *warjan (“to fend for, designate something as true, vouch for”), from Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to defend, protect”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”). Cognate with Middle Low German warent, warend (“a warrant”), German gewähren (“to grant”). More at warrant. Doublet of guarantee and warranty.
circumspection
Inherited from Middle English circumspeccioun, from Middle French circonspection or its etymon Latin circumspectio. By surface analysis, circum- + Latin spect + -ion, "looking [all] around" (as compared with the opposite concept, embodied as tunnel vision or blinders).
imposition
From Middle English imposicioun, from Old French imposicion, from Latin impositio.
exaction
From Middle English exaccioun, exaccion, from Middle French exaction, from Old French, from Latin exāctiō.
enjoin
From Middle English enjoinen, from Old French enjoindre (“to join with”), from Latin iniungo (“to attach”), a compound of in- (“into” “upon”) and iungo.
incivility
From Middle French incivilité, from Late Latin incivilitas (“incivility”), from Latin incivilis (“impolite, uncivil”), from in- (privative prefix) + civilis (“belonging to a citizen, civic, political, urbane, courteous, civil”) (from civis (“a citizen”)), equivalent to in- + civility.
courteously
From Middle English curteisly, curteisliche; equivalent to courteous + -ly.
cotillion
Circa 1750, in the sense of the dance, from French cotillon (“petticoat”), extended to the dance because of the distinctive lift of dress revealing the petticoat, from cotte (“dress”) + -illon (diminutive). Said to derive from the then-popular song Ma commère, quand je danse, mon cotillion va-t-il bien.
impenitent
The adjective is derived from Late Middle English impenitent (“not penitent, unrepentant”), from Latin impaenitentem, the accusative feminine or masculine singular of impaenitēns (“unrepentant”), from im- (a variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + paenitēns (“contrite, penitent, regretting, repenting”) (the present active participle of paeniteō (“to be sorry, regret; to cause to repent; to repent”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate; to hurt”)). By surface analysis, im- + penitent.
The noun is derived from the adjective.
vestiary
From Old French vestiarie, from Latin vestiarium, from vestis (“clothing”). Doublet of vestry.
From Latin vestiarius, from vestis as Etymology 1, above.
compeer
From Middle English comper, from Middle French comper, from Latin compater, compatrem. Doublet of compere as well as compadre and goombah. Influenced by folk-etymological analysis as com- + peer.
garron
Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic gearran, Irish gearrán.
Borrowed from French Garron, a variant of Garon.
sublimation
From Middle English sublimacioun, sublimacion, from Medieval Latin sublīmātiō, from Latin sublīmō (“to raise, to elevate”, verb).
Synchronically, sublimate + -ion.
stratus
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ster-
Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *str̥h₃tós
Proto-Italic *strātos
Latin stratuslbor.
English stratus
Learned borrowing from Latin strātus (“spread or stretched out”). Coined by the British chemist and amateur meteorologist Luke Howard (1772–1864): see the 1803 quotation. Doublet of strath.
foehn
Borrowed from German Föhn, from Old High German phonno, from Vulgar Latin faōnius, an alteration of Latin favōnius (“west wind”), from Favōnius (“Roman wind god”).
Turan
From Classical Persian توران (tūrān), originally meaning "the Land of Tur".
wist
Past indicative of wit: from Old English witan, from Proto-Germanic *witaną, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“see, know”). Cognate with Dutch weten, German wissen, Swedish veta, and Latin videō (“to see”). Compare guide.
komast
From Ancient Greek κωμαστής (kōmastḗs, “reveller”), from κῶμος (kômos, “merrymaking”).
coryphaeus
Borrowed from Latin coryphaeus, from Ancient Greek κορυφαῖος (koruphaîos, “leader of the chorus in an Ancient Greek drama”), from κορυφή (koruphḗ, “top of the head, crown”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head, top; horn”)) + -ῐος (-ĭos, suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘belonging to, pertaining to’).
keurboom
From Afrikaans keur (“pick or choice”) + boom (“tree”).
leguaan
From French l'iguane, "the iguana", through Dutch and Afrikaans.
energumen
From Latin energumenus, from Ancient Greek ἐνεργούμενος (energoúmenos), from verb ἐνεργέω (energéō, “to influence”).
silicium
Learned borrowing from New Latin silicium, from Latin silex (“flint”) + -ium. Coined by British chemist Humphry Davy in 1808
Cwm Silicon
From Welsh Cwm Silicon (“Silicon Valley”), a calque of English Silicon Valley.
jonkmanskas
From Afrikaans jonk (“young”) + mans (“men('s)”) + kas (“cupboard”).
feretory
From Middle English feretory, fertre, feretre, et al., from Anglo-Norman fertre, from Latin feretrum (“bier, funeral litter”), from Ancient Greek φέρετρον (phéretron), from the verb φέρω (phérō, “to carry”). Doublet of feretrum.
revenant
19th century. From French revenant, the present participle of revenir (“to return”). Compare revenue.
plenilune
From Latin plēnilūnium, from plēnus (“full”) + lūna (“moon”).
Luis
Borrowed from Spanish Luis and Portuguese Luís. Doublet of Louis and Luigi.
choirmaster
From choir + master, a calque of German Chormeister. Piecewise doublet of chorusmaster.
wis
Inherited from Middle English wis (“certain, sure”), from an aphetic form of Middle English iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)), or of North Germanic origin, cognate with Icelandic viss (“certain, sure”), Dutch gewis (“certain, sure”), and German gewiss (“certain, sure”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz. More at iwis.
projective
Formed by the suffixation of prōiect- (the perfect passive participial stem of the Classical Latin prōiciō, whence the English verb project) with the English -ive, forming project + -ive; however, compare the post-Classical Latin prōiectīvus (“relating to purging”).
kathenotheism
Coined 19th century by Max Müller from the phrase Ancient Greek καθ’ ἕνα (kath’ héna, “one by one”) and the word θεός (theós, “god”), following theism, extending the prior coinage henotheism by Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling which he had himself popularised.
eld
From Middle English elde, from Old English ieldu, eldo, ieldo (“age, period of time; period; time of life, years; mature or old age, eld; an age of the world, era, epoch”), from Proto-West Germanic *aldī, from Proto-Germanic *alþį̄ (“eld, age”), from *aldaz (“grown up, mature, old”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“to raise, feed”).
Cognate with Scots eild (“age”), North Frisian jelde (“age”), German Älte (“age”), Danish ælde (“eld, age”), Icelandic elli (“eld, age”). Related also to Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (alds, “generation, age”), Old English alan (“to grow up, nourish”). More at old.
belladonna
Borrowed from Italian belladonna (altered by folk etymology: bella donna (“beautiful lady”)) from Medieval Latin blādōna (“nightshade”), of Gaulish origin. The folk etymology was motivated by the cosmetic use of nightshade for dilating the eyes.
irreverence
From Middle English irreverence, from Latin irreverentia, from irreverēns (“irreverent”) + -ia (suffix forming abstract nouns). By surface analysis, ir- + reverence.
irrecoverable
From Middle English irrecoverable, from Middle French irrecovrable. Attested earlier than recoverable. By surface analysis, ir- + recoverable.
recoverable
From Middle English recoverabille, recoverable, recovererabyll (error), equivalent to recover + -able.
irresolution
Probably from Middle French irresolution (modern French irrésolution), from ir- + resolution (“resolution”); compare Italian irresoluzione. By surface analysis, ir- + resolution.
irreproachable
First attested in 1630. Borrowed from French irréprochable, from Middle French inreprochable. See also ir- + reproachable.
guiltless
From Middle English giltles, gultles, gyltles, from Old English *gyltlēas, equivalent to guilt + -less. Compare Old English sċyldlēas (“guiltless”).
censorious
From Latin cēnsōrius (“of or pertaining to a censor; severe”). In sense 3 ("tending to engage in or support censorship"), reanalyzed as censor + -ious.
imbecility
From Middle English inbecillite, from Middle French imbecilité, imbecillité, and its etymon Classical Latin imbēcillitās. By surface analysis, imbecile + -ity.
irradiate
From Middle English irradiate (“illuminated, shining”), borrowed from Medieval Latin irradiātus, perfect passive participle of irradiō, from ir- (“against; into; on, upon”) + radiō (“to cause to radiate, irradiate; to emit beams, radiate”), from radius (“ray of light; rod, staff; spoke of a wheel”) + -ō (first conjugation verb-forming suffix) (further etymology uncertain; possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁t- (“beam; pole; post”)). The adjective is attested earlier than the verb.
The English word is analysable as in- (“against; into; on, upon”) + radiate.
From Middle English irradiate (“illuminated, shining”) (more at etymology 1), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
irksomeness
From Middle English irkesumnesse, irksomnes, irksumnes, urkesommenesse, yrkesumnesse; equivalent to irksome + -ness.
tediousness
From Middle English tediosenes, tediousenesse, tediousnesse, tedusnes, teduysnes, tedyousnes; equivalent to tedious + -ness.
Biss
Two main origins:
* English surname from Middle English bis (“dark, murky, gray”), an adjective related to French bis (“beige”) and Italian bigio (“ash gray, dun”).
* Borrowed from German Biss (“bite”), a nickname for a cutting, sarcastic person.
Ipswich
From the Old English personal name Gip, genitive case Gipes + Old English wīċ (“port, bay”).
Camelot
First attested in Old French as Camaalot in Chrétien de Troyes' Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart. In the US politics sense a reference to the contemporary musical Camelot (1960), associated with the Kennedy era.
Canterbury
From Middle English Caunterbury, Canterburi, from Old English Cantwara burg.
Ganges
Borrowed from Latin Gangēs, from Ancient Greek Γάγγης (Gángēs), from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gáṅgā, literally “swift-goer”), from the verbal root गम् (gam, “to go”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to come”) (whence Latin veniō, Ancient Greek βαίνω (baínō), and English come). Doublet of Ganga.
Hayley
Localities in England, from Old English hēg (“hay”) + lēah (“wood, clearing”). Equivalent to hay + -ley (“lea”).
practicum
Borrowed from German Praktikum, a coinage from the neuter of Late Latin practicus (“practical”), from Ancient Greek πρακτικός (praktikós, “of or pertaining to action, concerned with action or business, active, practical”), from πράσσω (prássō, “to do”).
swither
From Middle English *swithren, from Old Norse sviðra (“to burn, singe”). Related to Middle English swithen (“to burn, scorch, singe”), from Old Norse svíða (“to burn”).
poesy
From Middle English poesie (Middle English po(esie) + -esy), from Middle French poesie, from Late Latin poesia, from earlier poēsis, from Ancient Greek ποίησις (poíēsis). Doublet of poiesis.
shimmer
From Middle English schimeren, from Old English sċymrian, sċimrian, sċimerian, from Proto-Germanic *skimarōną. Cognate with Dutch schemeren, German schimmern.
earworm
From ear + worm; senses 1 and 3 (“tune that keeps replaying in one’s head”; “earwig”) are a calque of German Ohrwurm (“tune that pops up in one’s memory all the time; earwig”) (from the idea of a creature burrowing into the ear, an erroneous belief where earwigs are concerned), while sense 2 (“moth larva”) refers to the fact that these pests infest, among other things, ears of maize or sweet corn.
inviolate
From Middle English inviolat, inviolate, from Latin inviolātus. By surface analysis, in- (“not”) + violate (adjective).
skulk
From Middle English sculke, skulke, skulken, of North Germanic origin; compare Danish skulke (“shirk”), Swedish skolka (“play truant”).
ravelin
From French ravelin, from Italian rivellino, of unclear origin: perhaps from Latin re- + vallum.
Bau
Various origins:
* Borrowed from German Bau, perhaps a short form of compounds with this element, such as Bauhofer or Baumann.
* Borrowed from French Bau, perhaps a variant of Beau.
* Variant of Bao, a surname of Chinese origin.
Borrowed from Mandarin 包 (bāo) or Cantonese 包 (baau1).
footman
From Middle English fotman, footman, foteman (“foot soldier, running footman”), from Old English *fōtman, *fōtmann (attested only as Old English fēþman, fēþemann (“footman”), equivalent to foot + man.
philosophic
From Middle English philosophik, phylosophyk, from Old French filosofique and Latin philosophicus; equivalent to philosophy + -ic.
inmost
From Middle English inmost, from Old English innemest, a double superlative form from inne (“within”), from in (“in”). The modern form is due to confusion with most.
aperitivo
From Italian aperitivo. Doublet of aperitive and apéritif.
Brauch
South German surname, from the noun Brauch (“custom”) or the related verb, brauchen (“to enjoy, use”).
Degen
* As a German and Alemannic German surname, from the noun Degen (“boy warrior, hero”).
* As a German and Dutch surname, shortened from names like Degenhard, Degenhold, etc., with the same meaning as the above.
In isolated cases it can also be from Degen (“rapier”), for someone who made or wore such weapons, and from Middle High German dechen (“dean”, modern German Dechant).
From German Degen (“dagger”).
Delle
From French, from Middle French Deyle, from Medieval Latin Dadila, from Late Latin Datira.
Edwin
Inherited from Old English Ēadwine, from Proto-West Germanic *Audawini, from Proto-Germanic *Audawiniz. Akin to Old Norse Auðun, Icelandic Auðunn, German Otwin, Norwegian Audun, and the Lombard king's name Audoin (French Ouen).
cour
Back-formation from cours from Japanese クール (kūru), from French cours. Attestable in English among the anime community from at least 2007. Anime News Network's Lexicon Encyclopedia dictates the original cours to be unchanged in singular form, though that has been reanalyzed as a plural form.
parle
Inherited from Middle English parlen (“to speak”), from Middle French parler, from Old French parler, from Late Latin parabolō.
fontina
From Italian fontina. The name likely originates from either the Fontin mountain pasture or the village of Fontinaz in the Aosta Valley, where the cheese is traditionally produced.
Abaza
Etymology tree
Abaza абаза (abaza)bor.
English Abaza
From Abaza абаза (abaza). See Russian абазин (abazin) for more.
parmigiana
Borrowed from Italian parmigiana, shortening of alla parmigiana (“in the Parmesan way”), or, as a noun, of parmigiana di melanzane/melanzane alla parmigiana, the southern Italian dish which is made with eggplant.
Dudley
From Old English, literally "wood or clearing of Dudda (a personal name of unknown meaning)".
bist
From Middle English bist, beest, best, from Old English bist ("(thou) art"; second person singular of bēon (“to be”)), from Proto-Germanic *biusi (“(thou) art”), equivalent to be + -est. Cognate with West Frisian bist (“(thou) art”), Low German büst (“(thou) art”), German bist (“(thou) art”).
mortadella
From Italian mortadella, from diminutive of Latin murtatum (“sausage seasoned with myrtle berries”), from myrtatum, from myrtus, from Ancient Greek μύρτος (múrtos).
chauffer
Compare French chauffoir, a kind of stove, from chauffer (“to heat”). See chafe.
Konkani
From Marathi and Hindi कोंकणी (kõkṇī).
Magadhi
From Hindi मगधीय (magdhīya, “relating to South Bihar”), from Sanskrit मगध (magadha, “Magadha”), a kingdom in southern Bihar.
Chhattisgarhi
Borrowed from Chhattisgarhi छत्तीसगढ़ी (chattīsagṛhī).
feu de joie
Unadapted borrowing from French feu de joie (literally “fire of joy”).
fitchew
From Middle English fitchewes (mistaken as a plural), variant of Middle English fichouse, ficheux, from Old French fissiauls (plural) and fichau, fissel (“polecat”), from Middle Dutch vitsche, visse, fisse (“polecat”), ultimately (via a Northern French dialect) from Latin vissiō (“stench”). Compare French vison (“mink”).
goona
From guna or kuna, found in many Pama-Nyungan languages.
fust
From Middle English fust, from Old French fust (“wood; bole, tree trunk”) (modern French fût), from Latin fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”) or *gʷʰen- (“to strike; to kill, slay”).
Possibly from Portuguese fusta (“fust”), from Latin fusta (“beam (of wood)”), from fūstis (“knobbed stick, cudgel, club”); compare Middle French fuste.
feuillemorte
From French feuille-morte, feuille morte (“a dead leaf”).
flitter
From Middle English flytteren, frequentative form of flitten, flytten, flütten, possibly from Old Norse flytja (“to carry about, convey”), equivalent to flit + -er (frequentative suffix).
jezve
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish جزوه (Turkish cezve), from Arabic جَذْوَة (jaḏwa) or جِذْوَة (jiḏwa, “ember”).
bloodless
From Middle English blodles, from Old English blōdlēas (“bloodless”). Cognate with Dutch bloedeloos (“bloodless”), German blutlos (“bloodless”), Danish blodløs (“bloodless”), Swedish blodlös (“bloodless”), Icelandic blóðlaus (“bloodless”). By surface analysis, blood + -less.
condemnatory
From Latin condemnāt-, past participle stem of condemnāre + -ory.
flokati
Borrowed from Greek φλοκάτη (flokáti), from φλόκι (flóki, “flock, shag”), from Italian flocco.
buttress
From Old French ars bouterez (noun, literally “supporting arcs”), from bouterez (adjective), oblique plural of bouteret (rare in the singular), from Frankish *bôtan, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to push”). Ultimately cognate with beat.
Garbe
* As a German surname, variant of Garb, which is converged from words such as gerben (“to tan”) and Ger (“spear”). Compare the surnames Gerber, Gerhardt.
* As a French surname, from Old French gerba (“wheatsheaf”) (see modern verb gerber (“to sheave”)).
minestrone
Directly from Italian minestrone, from minestra (“soup”, ultimately from Latin ministrō) + -one (augmentative suffix).
stracciatella
Borrowed from Italian, from stracciare (“to rip, to tear up”), of ultimate Latin origin, due to the aspect.
semolina
Etymology tree
Aramaic סְמִידָאder.
Latin simila
Italian semola
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos
Proto-Italic *-īnos
Latin -īnus
Italian -ino
Italian semolinobor.
English semolina
From earlier semolino, borrowed from Italian semolino, diminutive of semola, from Latin simila (“finest wheat flour”). Compare regional German Semmel (“bread roll”).
etatisme
A hypercorrect form of etatism via French -isme, equivalent to a misspelled version of étatisme.
Salisbury
From Middle English Saresbury, from Old English *Searesbyriġ, Searobyriġ, Searoburh, from searu (“armor”) via folk etymology + byriġ, burh (“stronghold”), partial translation of British Latin Sorviodūnum, Sorbiodōnum, from *sorwjo-, *sorbjo- of unknown Celtic origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”) (compare Proto-Celtic *srutom (“a stream”)) + Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold”).
Dissimilation of -r- to -l- is the result of influence from Salesbury in Lancashire, from sealh (“willow”) + burh (“stronghold”).
The naming of the village in New Brunswick is not entirely certain. It may be named after explorer John Salusbury (1707 - 1762) or after Salisbury in England.
The civil parish in New Brunswick is named after the village.
The former capital of Rhodesia was named after Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903) who served three times as Prime Minister of Great Britain.
Albany
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *albʰósder.
Proto-Celtic *albiyū
Old Irish Albubor.
Medieval Latin Albaniabor.
Middle English Albany
English Albany
From Middle English from Medieval Latin Albania (“Scotland”), from Scottish Gaelic Alba (“Scotland”), from Old Irish Albu (“Britain, Scotland”), from Proto-Celtic *albiyū (“world”, literally “white (place)”) (compare Old Welsh elbid (“world”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elbʰos (“white”), possibly in reference to the White Cliffs of Dover. Doublet of Albania.
From Middle English Albany ("Scotland"), a Scottish duchy created in 1398 and bestowed upon younger sons of the King of Scots which became a British title upon the 1707 Act of Union.
obnubilation
Borrowed from Late Latin obnūbilātiō. Compare brain fog as a similar metaphor. By surface analysis, obnubilate + -ion.
coxswain
From Middle English cokswain; equivalent to cock (“a boat”) + swain (“boy, servant”).
etatism
From état (“state”) + -ism, equivalent to a borrowing of French étatisme but coined by Ludwig von Mises's 1944 Omnipotent Government to emphasize statism's longer history in France and other Continental governments than in the Anglosphere. Doublet of statism.
arancino
Borrowed from Italian arancino, taken from Sicilian arancinu/arancina.
Hering
From German Hering, from Middle High German hærinc, both meaning herring.
ceruse
From French céruse, from Latin cērusa, variant of cērussa, q.v.
hean
From Middle English hene, from Old English hēan (“lowly, despised, poor, mean, bare, abject”), from Proto-Germanic *hauniz (“low, lowly”), from Proto-Indo-European *kaw- (“to degrade, humiliate”).
Cognate with German höhn (“jeering, demeaning, bad”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃 (hauns, “contemptible, base, humble”), Dutch hoon (“scorn, insult”), Latvian kauns (“shame, disgrace, dishonour”), Ancient Greek καυνός (kaunós, “bad”).
From Middle English henen, from Old English hīenan (“to fell, prostrate, overcome, weaken, crush, afflict, injure, oppress, abase, humble, insult, accuse, condemn”), from Proto-West Germanic *haunijan, from Proto-Germanic *haunijaną (“to humiliate”), from Proto-Indo-European *kaw- (“to degrade, humiliate”).
Cognate with North Frisian huynjen (“to wound, abuse, hurt”), German höhnen (“to mock, jeer, scoff”) Swedish hån (“heckle, mocking”).
Hokkaido
Borrowed from Japanese 北(ほっ)海(かい)道(どう) (Hokkaidō, “North Sea Circuit”), from Middle Chinese 北海 (pək-hʌi˧˥, “Northern sea”) + 道 (dáu, “Circuit”, a province-like administrative unit from Tang dynasty China).
Kyushu
From Japanese 九(きゅう)州(しゅう) (Kyūshū, literally “Nine States”), from Middle Chinese 九 (kjúw, “nine”) + 州 (t͡ʃjuw, “province, prefecture”).
Shikoku
From Japanese 四国 (しこく, Shikoku, “four provinces”), from Middle Chinese 四 (sìj, “four”) + 國 (kwok, “state”, “country”).
(dog): < Japanese 四国犬 (shikoku-inu, “Shikoku dog”), named after the island where they originated.
Kachel
Borrowed from German Kachel, metonymic occupational surname for a potter.