MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
enormous
From Latin ēnormis. An assimilated form of ex- (“out of”) + norma (“rule, norm”) + -ous.
gigantic
From Ancient Greek γιγαντικός (gigantikós), ultimately from γίγας (gígas, “giant”). According to the Poly-Olbion project coined by Michael Drayton in 1612.
perform
From Middle English parformen, performen (“to perform”), from Anglo-Norman performer, parfourmer, alteration of Old French parfornir, parfurnir (“to complete, accomplish, perform”), from par- + fornir, furnir (“to accomplish, furnish”), from Frankish *frummjan (“to accomplish, furnish”), from Proto-Germanic *frumjaną, *framjaną (“to further, promote”), from Proto-Indo-European *promo- (“in front, forth”), *per- (“forward, out”). Cognate with Old High German frummen (“to do, execute, accomplish, provide”), Old Saxon frummian (“to perform, promote”), Old English fremman (“to perform, execute, carry out, accomplish”). See also frame, from. Modernly, rather than Proto-Germanic *frumjaną, associated with Latin formō, analyzable as per- + form.
govern
From Middle English governen, governe, from Anglo-Norman and Old French governer, guverner, from Latin gubernō, from Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, drive, govern”). Displaced native Old English wealdan, whence modern dialectical English wald (“to govern”).
pronounce
Recorded since c.1330 as Middle English pronouncen (“to utter, declare officially”), from Old French prononcier, from Latin prōnūntiō, itself from prō- (“forth, out, in public”) + nūntiō (“to announce”) from nūntius (“messenger”).
sesquipedal
Borrowed from Latin sesquipedalis; equivalent to sesqui- (“one and a half”) + pedal (“foot, of the foot”).
logorrhea
From logo- (prefix meaning ‘word; speech’) + -rrhea (suffix meaning ‘flowing’), probably modelled after verbal diarrhea. logo- is derived from Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos, “word; speech; utterance”) (from λέγω (légō, “to say, speak; to arrange; to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”)), while -rrhea is from ῥοία (rhoía, “a flow, flux”) (from ῥέω (rhéō, “to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”)).
fax
From Middle English fax, from Old English feax (“hair, head of hair”), from Proto-West Germanic *fahs, from Proto-Germanic *fahsą (“hair, mane”), from Proto-Indo-European *poḱsom (“hair”, literally “that which is combed, shorn, or plucked”), from Proto-Indo-European *peḱ- (“to comb, shear, pluck”). Cognate with Dutch vas (“headhair”), German Fachs (“head-hair”), Norwegian faks (“mane”), Icelandic fax (“mane”), Sanskrit पक्ष्मन् (pákṣman, “eyelash, hair, filament”).
cynocephalus
From Latin cynocephalus; by surface analysis, cyno- + translingual -cephalus.
faux
Etymology tree
Latin fallō
Latin falsus
Old French fals
Middle French faulx
French fauxubor.
English faux
Unadapted borrowing from French faux. Doublet of false.
Either a variant of Faulks or borrowed from French Faux.
virus
From Middle English virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.
metro
From French métro, clipping of métropolitain (from Ancient Greek μήτηρ (mḗtēr, “mother”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”)), as in the Chemin de fer métropolitain, an early name for the Paris Métro. This name was a direct translation of "Metropolitan Railway", which was the original name of the earliest part of the London Underground, constructed in 1863.
From Indonesian Metro.
palpebra
Borrowing from Latin palpebra (“an eyelid”). Compare Middle English palpebre.
oculus
Learned borrowing from Latin oculus (“eye”). Doublet of occhio.
thyrsus
Learned borrowing from Latin thyrsus, from Ancient Greek θύρσος (thúrsos). Doublet of thyrse, torse, and torso.
deliver
From Middle English deliveren, from Anglo-Norman and Old French delivrer, from Latin dē + līberō (“to set free”).
Compare typologically dispatch, analyzable as dis- + impeach, from Latin impedicō (also akin to impede).
decimate
The verb is first attested in 1591, the noun in 1641; borrowed from Latin decimātus, perfect passive participle of decimō (“to kill one tenth; to tithe”) (see, from -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix)), from decimus (“tenth”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). As a noun, via Latin decimatus (“tithing area; tithing rights”).
grieve
From Middle English greven, from Old French grever (“to burden”), from Latin gravō, gravāre, from adjective gravis (“grave”).
For the meaning development compare Russian тяготи́ть (tjagotítʹ, “to be a burden (on), to oppress”), Russian тужи́ть (tužítʹ, “to experience grief”), related to тяжёлый (tjažólyj, “heavy, grave”), тя́жкий (tjážkij).
From Middle English greve, greyve, grave, grafe, from Old Norse greifi, from Middle Low German grēve, grâve,
related to Old English grœfa, groefa, variants of Old English ġerēfa (“steward, reeve”). More at reeve.
English surname, from Middle English greyve (“steward, bailiff, principal officer”). Compare Reeve, Sheriff. Also sometimes a variant of Grave.
tour
From Old French tour, tourn, from the verb torner, tourner.
From Old French tor, French tour (“tower”).
limousine
Borrowed from French limousine, from region Limousin, originally an adjective referring to the city Limoges, from Latin Lemovices (adjective Lemovicīnus), name of a Gaulish tribe in central France, most likely a reference to their elm bows and spears, of same ultimate origin as elm.
coupe
Borrowed from French coupe. Doublet of cup, hive, and keeve.
Borrowed from French coupé.
default
From Middle English defaut, defaute, from Old French defaute (“fault, defect, failure, culpability, lack”), ultimately from Latin de- (“away”) + fallo (“deceive, cheat, escape notice of”).
aarti
Borrowed from Hindi आरती (ārtī), from Sanskrit आरात्रिक (ārātrika).
Borrowed from Sanskrit आरती (āratī).
Abbasi
From Arabic عَبَّاسِيّ (ʕabbāsiyy).
Borrowed from Persian عباسی ('abbâsi).
From Persian عباسی ('abbâsi); see for more. Doublet of abazi.
Abdul
From Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd, “servant [of]”) + ال (al-, “the”).
Abelard
From French Abélard, an extension of the Abel with an Germanic suffix -(h)ard. Possibly also regarded a variant of the German Eberhard "boar" + "hard", equivalent to English Everett.
Abilene
From Latin Abilēnus, from Ancient Greek Ἀβιληνός (Abilēnós). By surface analysis, Abila + -ene.
From Ancient Greek Ἀβιληνή (Abilēnḗ).
Abington
From the Old English personal name Abba + -ing (“belonging to”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
abra
From Spanish abra. Doublet of haven.
From Emirati Gulf Arabic عَبْرَة (ʕabra).
accidently
From Middle English accidently, accidentli (“by chance; temporarily; artificially”), equivalent to accident + -ly.
accoutrement
Probably partly from Middle French accoustrement, acoustrement, acoutrement (French accoutrement), from accoustrer, from Old French acostrer (“arrange, sew up”), and partly from accoutre + -ment. First attested in the 1540s.
Nottingham
From Middle English Notingeham, an alteration of Old English Snotingahām. The Normans found the consonant cluster /sn/ difficult to pronounce, so the initial S was dropped.
aba
Borrowed from Arabic عَبَاءَة (ʕabāʔa). Compare abaya.
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 阿壩 /阿坝 (Ābà).
From Ancient Greek Ἄβα (Ába).
abac
A learned borrowing, after French abaque, from Classical Latin abacus, from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax). Doublet of abacus and abaque.
Abbasid
From Medieval Latin Abbasidēs, from Abbas + -idēs (patronymic suffix). By surface analysis, Abbas + -id (dynastic suffix).
Abner
From Hebrew אבנר (Abner, “father of light”). From אָב (av, “father”) + נור (nur, “light”).
acarology
From acaro- + -logy, based on Ancient Greek ἄκαρι (ákari, “cheese mite, tick”) + -λογία (-logía).
moot
From Middle English mōt, ȝemōt, from Old English *mōt, ġemōt (“meeting”), from Proto-Germanic *mōtą, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to encounter, come”). Cognate with Scots mut, mote (“meeting, assembly”), Low German Mööt (“meeting”), Moot (“meeting”), archaic Dutch (ge)moet (“meeting”), Danish møde (“meeting”), Swedish möte (“meeting”), Norwegian møte (“meeting”), Icelandic mót (“meeting, tournament, meet”). Related to meet. The adjective derives from the noun.
From Middle English moten (“to speak, talk, converse, discuss”), from Old English mōtian (“to speak, converse, discuss”), from Proto-Germanic *mōtijaną (“to meet, encounter”), a suffixed derivative of *mōtą (“meeting”). Related to etymology 1. See also mutter (which is a frequentative of moot).
From Dutch moot (“piece”).
fad
Of English dialectal origin. Further origin obscure. Possibly from Old English ġefæd (“order, decorum”) (compare Old English ġefæd (“orderly, tidy”), fadian, ġefadian (“to set in order, arrange”), whence Middle English faden (“to arrange”)); or from French fadaise ("a trifling thought"; see fadaise).
flaunt
Of North Germanic origin. Perhaps related to Norwegian flanta (“to show off, wander about”), Icelandic flana (“to rush about, act rashly or heedlessly”) and then also to French flâner (“to wander around, loiter”).
Alternatively, it could be related to Swedish flankt (“loosely, flutteringly”) (compare English flaunt-a-flaunt), from flanka (“waver, hang and wave about, ramble”), a nasalised variant of flakka (“to waver”), related to Middle English flacken (“to move to and fro, flutter, palpitate”). See flack.
jab
Originally a Scottish (unclear if Scots or Scottish English) form of English job (“peck, poke, thrust”), from Middle English jobben.
nab
From dialectal nap (“to seize, lay hold of”), probably of North Germanic origin, from Old Swedish nappa (“to pluck, pinch”).
Related to Danish nappe (“to tweak, snatch at, catch, seize”), Swedish nappa (“to take, grab, pinch”), Norwegian Bokmål nappe (“to grab, snatch, pluck, yank”).
brand
From Middle English brand, from Old English brand (“fire; flame; burning; torch; sword”), from Proto-West Germanic *brand, from Proto-Germanic *brandaz (“flame; flaming; fire-brand; torch; sword”), derived from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boul; brew”).
Cognate with Scots brand, West Frisian brân (“fire”), Dutch brand, German Brand, Danish brand, Swedish brand (“blaze, fire”), Icelandic brandur, French brand (< Germanic). More distantly cognate with Proto-Slavic *gorěti (“to burn”).
* As an English, Scottish, north German, Dutch, French, and North Germanic surname, from a Germanic personal name derived from Proto-Germanic *brandaz (“sword, firebrand, torch”), as in the second element of Hildebrand.
* Also as a German surname, variant of Brandt.
* As a Swedish and Danish surname, from brand (“fire”).
* As a Jewish surname, from German Brand (“fire”).
flexion
Borrowed from Latin flexiō, from flectō (“to bend, curve”) + -tiō, possibly via French. By surface analysis, flex + -ion.
permute
From Middle English permuten, from Old French permuter, from Latin permūtāre.
transcend
From Middle English transcenden, from Old French transcender, from Latin transcendō (“to climb over, step over, surpass, transcend”), from trans (“over”) + scandō (“to climb”); see scan; compare ascend, descend.
koppa
Borrowed from Ancient Greek κόππα (kóppa), originally ϙόππα (qóppa).
chaser
Inherited from Middle English chaser, chacer, chasour, borrowed from Old French chaceür, chaceor, from chacier (“to chase, hunt”); later senses from or influenced by chase (“pursue”) + -er. Doublet of chasseur.
pyjamas
From Hindi पैजामा (paijāmā) / Urdu پائِجامَہ (pāijāma), from Classical Persian پایجامه (pāyjāma), archaic form of پاجامه (pājāma).
beater
From Middle English beter, betere, bettere, from Old English bēatere (“a beater; boxer, fighter; champion”), equivalent to beat + -er. Related to beetle (“a type of mallet”).
either
From Middle English either, from Old English ǣġhwæþer, from Proto-West Germanic *aiw + *gahwaþar. Akin to Old Saxon eogihwethar, iahwethar (Low German jeed); Old Dutch *iogewether, *iowether, *iother (Dutch ieder); Old High German eogihwedar, iegihweder, ieweder (German jeder).
The pronunciations with /iː/ and /eɪ/ respectively reflect Middle English forms in /ɛː/ and /æi/; the origin of that with /aɪ/ is less clear, but it may reflect a Middle English form with /iː/; see Middle English either for more discussion.
snitch
Origin uncertain. Perhaps an alteration of Middle English snacche (“a trap, snare”), snacchen (“to seize (prey)”, whence modern English snatch). Compare also Middle English snik snak (“a sudden blow, snap”). Alternatively, perhaps from a dialectal variant of sneak, from Middle English sniken, from Old English snīcan (“to creep; crawl”). More at sneak.
seeker
From Middle English sekar, sekere (also sechar, sechere), equivalent to seek + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Säiker (“seeker”), West Frisian syker (“seeker”), Dutch zoeker (“seeker”), German Low German Söker (“seeker”), German Sucher (“seeker”).
bijection
PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From French bijection, introduced by Nicolas Bourbaki in their treatise Éléments de mathématique.
surjection
From French surjection, introduced by Nicolas Bourbaki in their treatise Éléments de mathématique.
Ultimately borrowed from Latin superiectiō (“a throwing over or on; (fig.) an exaggeration, a hyperbole”).
confluence
From late Middle English confluence, from Late Latin cōnfluentia (“a flowing together, conflux”), from cōnfluēns (present participle of cōnfluō (“to flow or run together”)) + -ia (nominal suffix).
whelp
From Middle English whelp, from Old English hwelp, from Proto-West Germanic *hwelp, from Proto-Germanic *hwelpaz (compare Dutch welp, German Welpe, Welfe, Old Norse hvelpr, Norwegian Nynorsk kvelp, Danish hvalp), from pre-Germanic *kʷelbos, of uncertain origin.
From Middle English whelpen, from Old English hwelpian, derived from hwelp.
swine
From Middle English swyn, swin, from Old English swīn, from Proto-West Germanic *swīn, from Proto-Germanic *swīną, from an adjectival form of Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”).
Cognates
Related to West Frisian swyn, Low German Swien, Dutch zwijn, German Schwein, Danish and Swedish svin, and more distantly to Polish świnia, Russian свинья́ (svinʹjá), Latin sūinus, Latin sūs, Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs), Persian خوک (xuk).
cretin
From French crétin (“cretin, idiot”), likely from crestin, an Alpine dialectal form of chrétien, from Latin christiānus in the lost sense of “anyone in Christendom”, often with a sense of “poor fellow”. Doublet of Christian.
reave
From Middle English reven, from Old English rēafian, from Proto-West Germanic *raubōn.
Germanic cognates include West Frisian rave, Old English rēaf (“spoils, booty”)), and Old English past participle rofen (“torn, broken”), Norwegian rjuva, German rauben, Danish røve, and Swedish röva. Outside of Germanic, related to Latin rumpō (“to break”), Lithuanian rùpti (“to roughen”), Sanskrit रोपयति (ropayati, “to make suffer”)). See rob and reif.
theodicy
Borrowed from French théodicée, from Ancient Greek θεός (theós, “god”) + δίκη (díkē, “justice”), coined by German mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in his 1710 work Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal (Essays of Theodicy on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil), commonly known as Théodicée.
deus ex machina
Unadapted borrowing from Latin deus ex māchinā (literally “god from a machine [i.e., a device, scaffolding, contrivance]”), a calque of Ancient Greek ἀπὸ μηχανῆς θεός (apò mēkhanês theós).
prognosis
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *próder.
Ancient Greek πρό (pró)
Ancient Greek προ- (pro-)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃tisder.
Ancient Greek γνῶσῐς (gnôsĭs)
Ancient Greek πρόγνωσῐς (prógnōsĭs)bor.
Late Latin prognōsislbor.
English prognosis
Learned borrowing from Late Latin prognōsis (“forecast, prediction; forecast of the course and outcome of a disease”), itself borrowed from Ancient Greek πρόγνωσις (prógnōsis, “forecast of the course and outcome of a disease; (Koine) foreknowledge, perceiving beforehand, prediction”), from προ- (pro-, prefix meaning ‘before; beforehand’) + γνῶσῐς (gnôsĭs, “inquiry, investigation; knowledge”). The plural prognoses is a learned borrowing from Late Latin prognōsēs.
Cognates
* Middle French prognosie (“forecast, prediction”) (modern French prognosie (obsolete), prognose (“forecast of the course and outcome of a disease”))
* Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā, “intelligence, wisdom; judgment; knowledge”)
visage
From Middle English visage, from Anglo-Norman visage, from Vulgar Latin *vīsāticum, derived from Latin vīsus (“appearance, sight”), derived from vidēre (“to see”). Compare vision. See -age (“noun suffix”).
labyrinthine
From labyrinth + -ine from Ancient Greek λᾰβύρῐνθος (lăbúrĭnthos, “a maze”).
dirge
From Middle English dirige, from Latin dirige (“steer, direct”), from the beginning of the first antiphon in matins for the dead, Dirige, Domine, deus meus, in conspectu tuo viam meam. Doublet of dirige.
rancor
Etymology tree
Latin ranceō
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *-ōs
Proto-Italic *-ōs
Latin -or
Latin rancor
Old French rancorbor.
Middle English rancour
English rancor
First attested in the 13th century as Middle English rancour, from Old French rancor, from Latin rancor (“rancidity, grudge, rancor”), from ranceō (“to be rotten or putrid”), from which also English rancid.
Faroese
From Faroe + -ese, from Faroese Føroyar.
epistrophe
Borrowed from Latin epistrophē, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐπιστροφή (epistrophḗ).
Beelzebub
First attested as Old English Belzebub, from Latin Beelzebūb, the Vulgate's form of Ancient Greek Βεελζεβούλ (Beelzeboúl), from Hebrew בעל זבוב (ba‘al-z'vúv, “fly-lord”), mentioned in 2 Kings chapter 1 as “the god of Ekron”.
gate
From Middle English gate (the forms ȝate and ȝeat yielded the dialectal doublet yate), from the plural of Old English ġeat (specifically gatu), from Proto-West Germanic *gat, from Proto-Germanic *gatą (“hole, opening”).
See also Old Norse gat, Swedish and Dutch gat, Low German Gaat, Gööt.
Borrowed from Old Norse gata, from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ. Cognate with Danish gade, Swedish gata, German Gasse (“lane”). Doublet of gait.
puka
Borrowed from Hawaiian puka (“hole”).
Borrowed from Irish púca (“hobgoblin”).
From Māori [Term?].
breve
From Middle English breve, variant of bref, from Old French brieve, breve (feminine form of brief, bref), from Latin brevis (“short”).
From Italian breve.
kea
Borrowed from Māori kea.
From Greek Κέα (Kéa).
kai
Borrowed from Māori kai. Doublet of makan (via Malay) in Malaysian and Singaporean English varieties.
wai
Borrowed from Thai ไหว้ (wâi, “a gesture of thanks”).
position
From Middle English posicioun, from Old French posicion, from Latin positiō (“a putting, position”), from positus (“placed, situated”), past participle of pōnō (“to place”); see ponent. Compare apposition, composition, deposition; see pose.
longa
From Australian Kriol langa, from English along. Compare Bislama and Tok Pisin long.
From Latin longa.
fajita
From American Spanish fajita, diminutive of faja (“strip, band”).
falafel
Borrowed from Arabic فَلَافِل (falāfil). Doublet of peepul and pepper.
gormless
From dialectal English gaum (“heed, attention”) + -less (“without”), from Old Norse gaum, from Proto-Germanic *gaumaz, *gaumō (“heed, attention”). The ‘r’ found in this spelling is a vowel-lengthening device common in non-rhotic dialects of English.
nonillion
From French nonillion. By surface analysis, non- (“nine”) + -illion.
vocation
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ-der.
Proto-Indo-European *wokʷ-der.
Latin vocō
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Latin vocātiōnembor.
Old French vocationbor.
Middle English vocacioun
English vocation
From Middle English vocacioun, from Old French vocation, from Latin vocātiō.
scion
From Middle English sion, sioun, syon, scion, cion, from Old French cion, ciun, cyon, sion, from Frankish *kīþō, *kīþ, from Proto-Germanic *kīþô, *kīþą, *kīþaz (“sprout”), from Proto-Indo-European *geye- (“to split open, sprout”), same source as Old English ċīþ (“a young shoot; sprout; germ; sprig”), Old Saxon kīth (“sprout; germ”), Old High German kīdi (“offshoot; sprout; germ”). See also French scion and Picard chion. Doublet of chit.
schesis
From Ancient Greek σχέσις (skhésis, “state, condition, attitude”), from ἔχω (ékhō). See scheme.
sitzkrieg
Borrowed from German Sitzkrieg (“sitting war”), a pun on Blitzkrieg (“lightning war”).
spadassin
From French spadassin, itself from Italian spadaccino (“swordsman”).
fine
From Middle English fin, fyn, from Old French fin (“fine, minute, exact”), of obscure origin, but probably derived from Latin fīnīre (“to finish”) or fīnis (“boundary, limit, end”), with an abstract sense of fine or thin also arising in many Romance languages (compare Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish fino). Doublet of fino.
From Middle English fyn, fyne, from Old French fin, from Medieval Latin fīnis (“a payment in settlement or tax”). Doublet of fin and finis.
From Italian fine (“end”). French fin. Doublet of fin and finis.
From Middle English finen, fynen, from Old French finer, finir. See finish (transitive verb).
* As an English surname, from the adjective fine.
* As an English and Irish surname, variant of Finn.
* As a German and Jewish surname, Americanized from Fein.
theomachy
From Ancient Greek θεομαχία (theomakhía, “battle of the gods”), from θεός (theós, “god”) + μάχη (mákhē, “battle”). Equivalent to theo- + -machy.
tribade
From Middle French tribade, and its source, Latin tribad-, from Koine Greek τριβάς (tribás), from Ancient Greek τρίβω (tríbō, “to rub”).
Sapphic
Sappho (Ancient Greek Σαπφώ (Sapphṓ)) + -ic, whence Latin Sapphicus. Sense related to sexuality alludes to Sappho's poetry discussing love between women (see also lesbian).
rach
From Middle English rache, racche, rachche, from Old English ræċċ.
mel
From Latin mel (“honey”). Doublet of mell.
Borrowed from Italian and Venetan Mel.
scelerat
Borrowed from French scélérat, from Latin scelerātus, past participle of scelerāre (“to pollute, defile”), from scelus (“crime”).
spiral
From Middle French spirale, from Medieval Latin spiralis, from Latin spīra, from Ancient Greek σπεῖρα (speîra, “wreath, coil, twist”).
Odessa
Borrowed from Russian Оде́сса (Odéssa), named after an Ancient Greek settlement thought to have been located nearby. Ancient Greek Ὀδησσός (Odēssós). Compare Ukrainian Оде́са (Odésa). The city was on the former Turkish territory of Yedisan, which may have influenced the choice of name. Yedisan means "seven titles" i.e. tribes, from yedi + san.
Borrowed from German ODESSA.
Texas
Borrowed from Spanish Texas (also Tejas), from Hasinai Caddo táyshaʔ (“friend, ally”), used to refer to the Caddo nation.
scotch
From Middle English scocchen (“to cut”), perhaps from Anglo-Norman escocher (“to notch”), from es- (“intensive prefix”) (from Latin ex-) + Old French coche (“notch”). Not related to Scotch.
imperator
Learned borrowing from Latin imperātor. By surface analysis, imperate + -or. Doublet of emperor and mpret.
From Latin imperator (“emperor”).
hate
From Middle English hate (noun), probably from Old English hatian (“to hate”, verb) and/or Old Norse hatr (“hate”, noun). Merged with Middle English hete, hæte, heate (“hate”), from Old English hete, from Proto-Germanic *hataz (“hatred, hate”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂d- (“strong emotion”).
Cognate with Dutch haat (“hatred”), German Hass, Haß (“hate, hatred”), Luxembourgish Haass (“hate, hatred”), Vilamovian hās (“hate, hatred”), Yiddish האַס (has, “hatred”), Danish had (“hate, hatred”), Faroese and Icelandic hatur (“hatred, spite, aversion”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish hat (“hate, hatred”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃 (hatis, “hate, wrath”).
The verb is from Middle English haten, from Old English hatian (“to hate, treat as an enemy”), from Proto-West Germanic *hatēn, from Proto-Germanic *hatāną (“to hate”), from Proto-Germanic *hataz, from the same root as above.