MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Karakashyan
Borrowed from Armenian Կարակաշյան (Karakašyan).
Hollibaugh
Americanized spelling of German Hollerbach or Hollenbach.
Grunfeld
Borrowed from German Grünfeld, a Jewish Ashkenazi surname.
Habte
Borrowed from Amharic ሀብተ (häbtä).
Hawken
From Middle English Hawkyn, Haukyn, a pet form of Haw.
Canoy
Two main origins:
* Variant of Kanoy, an Americanized form of German Kney.
* Borrowed from Cebuano and Tagalog Canoy.
Walkhampton
From Old English wealca (“roller, wave, billow”), in reference to the River Walkham, + an unclear element + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Trajtenberg
Borrowed from Spanish Trajtenberg, ultimately from German Trachtenberg. A variant of Trachtenberg.
sweat hole
From Middle English swet hole, a partial calque of Old English swātþyrl (“pore”, literally “sweat-hole”). Cognate with German Schweißloch (“pore, sweat hole”), Danish swedehul (“pore”), Icelandic svitahola (“pore”).
Fusong
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 撫松 /抚松 (Fǔsōng).
Hunjiang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 渾江／浑江 (Húnjiāng).
Norrby
Borrowed from Swedish Norrby, an ornamental surname composed of the elements norr (“north”) and by (“village; farm”).
Baiyun Ebo
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 白雲鄂博 /白云鄂博 (Báiyún Èbó).
Muumyangan
Borrowing from Manchu ᠮᠣᠣᠮᡳᠩᡤᠠᠨ (moominggan), from Classical Mongolian ᠮᠤᠤᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ (muumingɣan).
Baddeck
Derived from a Mi'kmaq toponym of uncertain origin. The name may derive from Mi'kmaq petek (“turn, bend backwards”).
Compare Bedeque.
Istaravshan
From Tajik Истаравшан (Istaravšan).
Tursunzoda
From Tajik Турсунзода (Tursunzoda).
Nazaretyan
Borrowed from Armenian Նազարեթյան (Nazaretʻyan).
New Minas
Derived from the French toponym Les Mines, derived in turn from the plural form of mine (“mine”).
Tatamagouche
Derived from the Mi'kmaq toponym Takumegooch, which translates to "meeting of the waters" (a reference to the meeting of the French River and Waugh River).
octakaidecahedron
From octa- (“eight”) + Ancient Greek καί (kaí, “and”) + deca- (“ten”) + -hedron.
Balin stone
Calque from Chinese 巴林石 (bālínshí), from 巴林 (Bālín, “Baarin (a southern Mongolian tribe)”) + 石 (shí, “stone”), from Manchu ᠪᠠᡵᡳᠨ (barin), from Middle Mongol ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ (baɣarin), so named for being quarried in the traditional territory of the Baarins.
Longjiang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 龍江 /龙江 (Lóngjiāng), "Dragon River".
Nikoghosyan
Borrowed from Armenian Նիկողոսյան (Nikoġosyan).
Bouctouche
Borrowed from French Bouctouche, derived in turn from the Mi'kmaq toponym Chebuktoosk, which translates to "large bay".
homo sapiens
Learned borrowing from New Latin homō sapiēns, from Latin homō (“human being”) + sapiēns (“wise, sensible, judicious”).
Caraquet
Borrowed from French Caraquet, further etymology uncertain. The name may derive from the Mi'kmaq toponym Kalague, translated as "where two rivers meet".
Folley
Two main origins:
* English topographic surname from Old French feuillie (“leafy bower or shelter; clump of trees”).
* English nickname for an eccentric or foolish person, from Old French folie (“foolishness”).
McHaffie
Anglicized form of Irish and Scottish Gaelic Mac Gille Cathbhaidh (“son of the servant of (Saint) Cathbhadh”).
peridromophile
Coined in 1926 by William James Sidis (writing under the pseudonym “Frank Folupa”): Ancient Greek περίδρομος (perídromos) + English -phile (from φίλος, phílos).
peridromophily
Coined in 1926 by William James Sidis (writing under the pseudonym “Frank Folupa”): Ancient Greek περίδρομος (perídromos) + English -phily (from φιλία, philíā).
Erligang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 二里崗 (Èrlǐgǎng).
Sook Ching
Borrowed from Cantonese 肅清／肃清 (suk1 cing1).
Titchmarsh
From the Old English personal name Ticcea + mersċ (“marsh, bog, swamp”).
Bickerstaffe
From Old English bīcere (“beekeeper”) + stæþ (“bank, shore; landing place”).
Thorold
From the Middle English personal name Thurold, Thorold, Thorald, reflexes of Old Norse Þóraldr, a personal name composed of the elements Þórr (“Thor”) and valdr (“ruler”).
Odesite
From Odesa + -ite, from Ukrainian одесит (odesyt). Compare Ukrainian Одеса (Odesa).
Ruzzia
Neologism following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. At first a blend of Russia + Nazi, after 2022 a blend of Russia + Z, using the military Russian Z symbol of Russian propaganda to mock the Russian invasion of Ukraine. See Z for more information. Compare with Russian РоZZи́я (RoZZíja) and Ukrainian РоZZі́я (RoZZíja).
Saraydarian
From Armenian Սարայդարյան (Saraydaryan).
Seraydarian
From Armenian Սերայդարյան (Seraydaryan).
Plumridge
Habitational surname from a minor place in Middlesex, from Old English plūme (“plum”) + hryċġ (“ridge”).
Nagao
Borrowed from Japanese 長尾 (Nagao, “long tail”).
Muhlestein
Borrowed from German Mühlestein, variant of Mühlstein.
Oraha
From a vernacular form of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܐܒܪܗܡ (ʾaḇrāhām, “Abraham”); this surname is common among the Assyrian community.
Oxenbridge
Habitational surname from a minor place in the parish of Iden, in Sussex, from Old English oxan (“oxen”) + bryċġ (“bridge”).
mei fun
From Cantonese 米粉 (mai⁵ fan²). Doublet of bee hoon.
Knutton
Probably from Old English cnotta (“knot hillock”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Petikyan
Borrowed from Armenian Պետիկյան (Petikyan).
Pinvin
Inherited from Middle English Pendefen, from Old English *Pendan fenn (literally “Penda's fen”), from Penda (a Mercian king) + fenn (“fen”).
Funtley
From Middle English Funtelei, from Old English *funta (“spring”) + lēah (“wood, clearing”).
Iskandar
Borrowed from Arabic الإسْكَنْدَر (al-ʔiskandar, “Alexander”). Doublet of Alexander
Minhas
Borrowed from Punjabi ਮਿਨਹਾਸ (minhās), a Rajput and Jat surname.
Zakho
From the absolute form of Classical Syriac ܙܟܘܬܐ (zākūṯā).
Mowson
From the unattested Middle English word *maugh, *maw, *mough, *mow, from Old Norse mágr (“son-in-law”), + -son. It could also be a variant of Mawson and Moulson.
Much Marcle
From Middle English muche + Old English mearc + lēah, recorded as Merchelai in 1086 (DB).
Shusterman
Americanized spelling of German Schustermann, a Jewish Ashkenazi surname.
Haiyuan
From Mandarin 海原 (Hǎiyuán).
Shapotou
From Mandarin 沙坡頭／沙坡头 (Shāpōtóu).
Zhongning
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 中寧 /中宁 (Zhōngníng).
Tongxin
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 同心 (Tóngxīn).
Yanchi
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鹽池 /盐池 (Yánchí).
Hongsibu
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 紅寺堡／红寺堡 (Hóngsìbǔ).
Litong
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 利通 (Lìtōng).
Yongning
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永寧 /永宁 (Yǒngníng).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 邕寧 /邕宁 (Yōngníng).
Xingqing
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 興慶 /兴庆 (Xīngqìng).
Jinfeng
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 金鳳／金凤 (Jīnfèng).
Helan
From Mandarin 賀蘭 /贺兰 (Hèlán).
learning-knight
Likely a revival of either Middle English lerning-knight or its antecedent Old English leornungcniht.
Pingluo
From Mandarin 平羅 /平罗 (Píngluó).
Dawukou
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大武口 (Dàwǔkǒu).
Huinong
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 惠農 /惠农.
Stargardt
Germanized form of a West Slavic placename (see Stargard, Kashubian Stôrgard). Ultimately, from Proto-Slavic *starъ (“old”) + *gordъ (“town, city”).
Sukiasyan
Borrowed from Armenian Սուքիասյան (Sukʻiasyan).
Sunkara
Borrowed from Telugu సుంకర (suṅkara), from Sanskrit स्वर्णकार (svarṇakāra).
Trewhitt
Habitational surname from a minor place in the parish of Rothbury, in Northumberland, perhaps from Old Norse tri (“dry, resinous wood”) + þveit (“glade, clearing”).
Claringbold
From the Old French personal name Clarembald, a hybrid from Latin clārus (“famous”) and Proto-Germanic *balþ (“strong, bold”).
Akeley
From Old English āc (“oak”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”); equivalent to oak + -ley (“lea”). Compare Ackley, Oakley and Oakleigh, which have the same origin.
Kynthos
From Ancient Greek Κύνθος (Kúnthos).
Barcroft
Habitational surname from one or more minor places in England, from Old English bere (“barley”) + croft (“enclosed field”).
Vartivarian
From Armenian Վարդիվառյան (Vardivaṙyan).
Yihewani
From Mandarin 伊赫瓦尼.
Erythraean
From Latin erythraeus (“reddish”) (as it was used in Erythraeum mare (“the Erythraean Sea”), from Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós, “red”)) + -an.
Goldsack
Probably an Anglicized form of German Goldsak, a Jewish Ashkenazi surname.
gum ammoniac
From Middle English gomme armoniacum, gomme armonyak, gum armoniac.
hyangchal
Borrowed from Korean 향찰(鄕札) (hyangchal), either Revised Romanization or Yale romanization.
itwu
Borrowed from Korean 이두(吏讀) (idu), in the Yale romanization.
cyka blyat
A partial orthographic borrowing from Russian су́ка блядь (súka bljadʹ, “fucking shit!”, literally “bitch whore”), compare cyka (“bitch”). It became common by the mid-2010s, first among online PC gamers, particularly European players of Counter-Strike: Global Offensive and Dota 2, because of the large amount of Russian speakers found on their European servers.
jetso
Borrowed from Cantonese 著數 /着数 (zoek6 sou3).
Shrimati
From Sanskrit श्रीमती (śrīmatī), feminine form of श्रीमत् (śrīmat).
Baghramyan
Borrowed from Armenian Բաղրամյան (Baġramyan).
McCrystal
Anglicized form of Northern Irish Mac Criostal, a variant of Criostar, Gaelicized form of Christopher.
bibliodiversity
From Spanish bibliodiversidad (1990s). By surface analysis, biblio- + diversity.
golden billion
Calque of Russian золото́й миллиа́рд (zolotój milliárd).
Philoctetes
Latin Philoctētēs, from Ancient Greek Φιλοκτήτης (Philoktḗtēs).
Horscroft
Toponymic surname for someone who lived by or worked at an enclosure for horses, from Middle English hors (“horse”) + croft (“enclosed field”).
Artunyan
Borrowed from Armenian Արթունյան (Artʻunyan).
Cundy
Habitational surname of Norman origin, from any of various places in France called Condé.
McElhannon
Anglicized form of Irish Mac Giolla Chonáin (“son of the servant of Saint Conan”).
Viter
From Ukrainian вітер (viter), from Proto-Slavic *větrъ.
Dommeldange
Pronunciation respelling from Luxembourgish Dummeldeng.
Kabakjian
From Armenian Կաբակչյան (Kabakčʻyan).
Syndercombe
English habitational surname from a minor place in the parish of Clatworthy, in Somerset, from Old English sinder (“cinder, dross, slag, scoria”) + cumb (“valley”).
hypnalis
From Medieval Latin ypnalis, ipnalis, from Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).
Towneley
Habitational surname from a minor place near Burnley, in Lancashire, from Old English tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”). Equivalent to town + -ley (“lea”).
Donggang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 東港 /东港 (Dōnggǎng).
Yuanbao
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 元寶／元宝 (Yuánbǎo).
Zhenxing
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 振興 /振兴 (Zhènxīng).
Kuandian
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 寬甸 /宽甸 (Kuāndiàn).
Changhai
From Mandarin 長海 /长海 (Chánghǎi).
Tong'an
Borrowed from Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 同安 (Tóng'ān).
doikeyt
From Yiddish דאָיִקייט (doikeyt).
Lingshui
From Mandarin 陵水 (Língshuǐ).
Toroyan
Borrowed from Armenian Թորոյան (Tʻoroyan).
Bernabeu
Borrowed from Catalan Bernabeu or Spanish Bernabéu.
Shelest
Transliteration of Ukrainian Шелест (Šelest), from шелест (šelest). Less commonly, a respelling of Polish Szelest, from szelest.
Veres
# From Hungarian Veres or Romanian Vereș, both from Hungarian veres (“red”).
# From Ukrainian Верес (Veres), from Ukrainian верес (veres, “heather”), from Proto-Slavic *versъ (“heather”).
kasme
Borrowed from Pahari-Potwari قسمے (qasme), vocative case of قَسَم (qasam, “oath; swear”), taken from Urdu قَسَم (qasam), itself from Classical Persian قَسَم (qasam), ultimately from Arabic قَسَم (qasam, “oath”).
Ulanhot
Borrowed from Mongolian ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠣᠲᠠ (ulaɣanqota, “red city”).
Hyannis
Named after the sachem Hianna (Iyannough), from Massachusett [Term?].
Cotuit
From Massachusett [Term?], possibly meaning "long fields" or "place of council".
Zohra
Borrowed from Arabic زُهْرَة (zuhra, “Venus”).
draconcopedes
From Medieval Latin dracontopedis, draconcopedis, from Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn, “serpent”) + πούς (poús, “foot, leg”).
Menez
Two possible origins:
* Variant spelling of Spanish Menes, mainly found in the Philippines.
* Borrowed from French Menez or Ménez, a topographic surname from Breton menez (“mountain”).
Mayhorn
Probably an altered form of German Meyern, Mayern, even though these two surnames are apparently no longer found in German-speaking countries.
Lodhi
Borrowed from Hindi लोधी (lodhī); this surname is predominantly found in Madhya Pradesh.
Petrakis
Borrowed from Greek Πετράκης (Petrákis).
Socarras
Borrowed from Spanish Socarrás; this surname is predominantly found in Cuba.
hexafoos
Borrowed from Pennsylvania German Hexefuss, literally "witch foot". See Hexe, Fuss for more.
Amazoness
From Amazon + -ess, phono-semantic matching of Japanese アマゾネス (Amazonesu, “Amazons”), from Ancient Greek Ἀμαζόνες pl (Amazónes).
Mahjoubian
From Armenian Մահջուբյան (Mahǰubyan).
Kanyakumari
Borrowed from Tamil கன்னியாகுமரி (kaṉṉiyākumari).
Jialing
Borrowed from Mandarin 嘉陵 (Jiālíng).
Mieles
Borrowed from Spanish Mieles; this surname is predominantly found in Ecuador and Colombia.
Olazabal
Borrowed from Spanish Olazábal, a surname from Basque ola (“forge ironworks; cabin, hut”) + zabal (“wide”).
Tedla
Borrowed from Amharic ተድላ (tädla).
Tamanaha
Borrowed from Japanese 玉那覇 (Tamanaha, “round mushroom”).
Siliezar
Borrowed from Spanish Siliezar, probably a variant of Salazar; this surname is predominantly found in Guatemala and El Salvador.
Desert Fox
Possibly a calque of German Wüstenfuchs, in reference to the terrain in which the North African campaign was fought, and the popular conception of the slyness of the fox. Not clear whether it was coined in British or German media first, as the respective term arose in each language near-simultaneously.
Olynyk
Romanization of Ukrainian Олійник (Olijnyk), a spelling variant of Oliynyk, from олія (olija, “cooking oil”), probably as an occupational surname.
Kostiuk
Ukrainian National system romanization of Ukrainian Костюк (Kostjuk), patronymic form of Кост (Kost, “diminutive of "Konstantyn" (Constantine)”).
Kumgang
Borrowed from Korean 금강(金剛) (Geumgang).
Shewchuk
Alternative romanization of Shevchuk, with W used to transliterate Ukrainian в (v), from Ukrainian Шевчук (Ševčuk). Mostly found among Ukrainian Canadians.
Hawryluk
Two possible origins:
* Borrowed from Polish Hawryluk, a patronymic surname from the personal name Hawryło.
* Alternative romanization of Havryliuk, from Ukrainian Гаврилюк (Havryljuk), patronymic form of Гаврило (Havrylo, “Gabriel”). Mostly found among Ukrainian Canadians.
Sawchuk
Alternative romanization of Savchuk, with W used to transliterate Ukrainian в (v), from Ukrainian Савчук (Savčuk). Mostly found among Ukrainian Canadians.
Semeniuk
Ukrainian National system romanization of Ukrainian Семенюк (Semenjuk).
Melbury Abbas
Recorded as Meleberie in 1086 (DB), and Melbury Abbatisse in 1291, from Latin abbatissa (“abbess”) and its early possession by Shaftesbury Abbey.
Hnatiuk
Romanization of Ukrainian Гнатюк (Hnatjuk).
Krawchuk
Alternative romanization of Kravchuk, with W used to transliterate Ukrainian в (v), from Ukrainian Кравчук (Kravčuk). Mostly found among Ukrainian Canadians.
Boychuk
Romanization of Ukrainian Бойчук (Bojčuk).
Oliynyk
Transliteration of Ukrainian Олійник (Olijnyk).
Makonikey
Borrowed from Massachusett [Term?] (“old land, ancient place”).
Pow
Three possible origins:
* A variant of the English surname Poe.
* Borrowed from Cantonese 包 (baau1) and 鮑 /鲍 (baau1); compare Bao, which derives from the standard Chinese pronunciation of these characters.
* Borrowed from Hokkien 傅 (pò͘); compare Fu, which derives from the standard Chinese pronunciation of these characters.
Suizhong
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 綏中 /绥中 (Suízhōng).
Xingcheng
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 興城 /兴城 (Xīngchéng).
Lianshan
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 連山 /连山 (Liánshān).
Longgang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 龍崗 /龙岗 (Lónggǎng).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 龍港 /龙港 (Lónggǎng, “Dragon Port”).
* Of the city in Zhejiang: a blend of its former name Longjiang Port Area (龍江港區 /龙江港区 (Lóngjiāng gǎngqū)) adopted upon its elevation to town status in 1983. The name Longjiang itself derived from the "Qinglong River" (青龍江 /青龙江 (qīnglóng jiāng)), used locally for the lower Ao (鰲江 /鳌江 (áo jiāng)).
Lingyuan
From Mandarin 凌源 (Língyuán).
mangwa
From Japanese 漫画(まんぐわ) (mangwa), using the historical kana spelling of 漫画(まんが) (manga).
Serobyan
Borrowed from Armenian Սերոբյան (Serobyan).
dangwai
From Mandarin 黨外／党外 (dǎngwài).
Jianping
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 建平 (Jiànpíng).
Longcheng
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 龍城 /龙城 (Lóngchéng).
Shuangta
From Mandarin 雙塔 /双塔.
Beipiao
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 北票 (Běipiào).
Badour
Two possible origins:
* A surname of French origin, from an altered form of Bédard, from a variant of Old French baudour (“joy, boldness”), or, alternatively, a habitational surname from a small village in Corrèze.
* Variant of Badr, a surname of Arabic origin.
Vanderleest
Borrowed from Dutch van der Leest, a habitational surname from a place called Leest.
Whitgift
From either the Old English personal name Hwīta or the Old Norse personal name Hvíti + Old Norse gipt (“gift, dowry”) or Old English ġift (“dowry”).
Aldersey
From the Old English personal name Ealdhere, which is composed of the elements eald (“old”) and here (“army”), + -s- + ġehæg (“enclosure”).
lexi-
Derived from lexis, a borrowing from Latin lexis, itself from Ancient Greek λέξις (léxis).
Dongting
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for the Mandarin 洞庭 (Dòngtíng).
Ashodian
Alternative romanization of Armenian Աշոտյան (Ašotyan).
Chopourian
From Armenian Չոփուրյան (Čʻopʻuryan).
Tetro
Two possible origins:
* A respelling of French Tétreau.
* Borrowed from Italian Tetro, a nickname from tetro (“gloomy, sullen, dark”).
Thelusma
Borrowed from Haitian French Thélusma, probably an altered form of the personal name Thélémaque.
Sweeden
From a reduced variant of Dutch van Zweeten. It could also be a variant of Sweeting.
Swainston
Habitational surname from a minor place in the parish of Elwick, County Durham, from the Old Norse personal name Sveinn + -s- + Old English tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Stavropoulos
Borrowed from Greek Σταυρόπουλος (Stavrópoulos).
concrete-head
Purportedly from a calque from Japanese 頭(あたま)が固(かた)い (atama ga katai, “resistant to new ways of thinking”, literally “having a hard head”). Possibly originally from unattested Taiwanese Japanese *頭(あたま)コンクリート (atama konkurīto, literally “concrete-head”), which can be reconstructed from the phonetic borrowing of Taiwanese Mandarin 阿達馬孔固力／阿达马孔固力 (ādámǎ kǒnggùlì, “concrete-head”).
camptown
Compound of camp + town, calque of Korean 기지촌(基地村) (gijichon).
mi-parti
Learned borrowing from French mi-parti (literally “divided down the middle”), from Middle French mi-parti, from Old French miparti, past participle of mipartir (“to split in half”), from mi (“middle”) + partir (“to split”); compare medial and party (“divided”). Though the term is mentioned beginning in the 17th century, actual use is apparently only recorded from the 19th century onwards.
Darbinyan
Borrowed from Armenian Դարբինյան (Darbinyan).
Pinkhasov
Jewish eastern Ashkenazi surname from the Hebrew personal name פִּינְחָס (Pīnəḥās) + the Russian suffix -ov.
Xinbei
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 新北 (Xīnběi).
Rejebian
From Armenian Ռեճեպյան (Ṙečepyan).
Radi
Borrowed from Arabic رَاضِي (rāḍī), a personal name based on the adjective رَاضٍ (rāḍin, “satisfied, pleased”); as a surname, it is predominantly found in Iraq.
Borrowed from Dzongkha ར་དི་ (ra di).
Kritz
* As a German surname, borrowed from German Kritz, from the noun Grütze (“grits”).
* Also as a German surname, Germanized Slavic form of the name Christian, influenced by Czech Kříž. Compare Kriz.
* Also as a German surname, variant of Kreutz, from Kreuz (“cross”); compare Cross.
* As a Jewish/Yiddish surname, from קראַץ (krats, “scratch”), for which see kratzen.
Kunda
Two possible origins:
* Borrowed from Polish Kunda.
* Borrowed from Gujarati કુંડા (kuṇḍā), a surname of the Lohanas, an Indian trading or mercantile jati.
Manago
Various possible origins:
* Borrowed from Italian Manago, from an altered form of monaco (“monk”).
* An altered form of the French surname Manigault.
* Borrowed from Tagalog Mañago, a variant of Maniago.
Ferriter
Two possible origins:
* Occupational surname for someone who hunts rabbits with ferrets, from Middle English fereter (“ferreter”); this surname is well-established also in Ireland.
* Americanized spelling of German Vorreiter, an occupational surname for someone who rides ahead.
McClory
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic and Irish Mac Labhradha (“son of Labhraidh”), a personal name which derives from the verb labhair (“to speak”). Compare Lavery.
Madou
From Mandarin 麻豆 (Mádòu).
Locatelli
From Italian Locatelli, from Lombard, from Bergamasque (“lmo-bmo”). From being a person from the village of Locatello.
Ohayon
Sephardic surname, likely derived from Arabic. Cognate with Hebrew אוחיון.
alder-
Inherited from Middle English alder-, from Old English ealra, genitive plural of eall (“all”). Compare German aller-, Dutch aller-, Old Norse allra. For the epenthetic /d/, compare with the development of unrelated alder.
McCavana
Anglicized form of Northern Irish Mac an Mhanaigh (“son of the monk”), from manach (“monk”).
Woolfall
Habitational surname from a minor place in Huyton, Lancashire, from the Old English personal name *Wulfa, a byname from wulf (“wolf”), + healh (“nook, corner, angle”).
Hockenhull
Perhaps from Old English ācen (“oaken”) or from the genitive form of the personal name Hocca + hyll (“hill”).
pancit canton
From Philippine Spanish pancit cantón, where Philippine Spanish pancit is from Hokkien, while Spanish Cantón is ultimately from Mandarin 廣東 /广东 (Guǎngdōng), possibly via Portuguese Cantão.
beach sandal
Calque of Japanese ビーチサンダル (bīchi sandaru), from English beach + sandal.
Tuddenham
From the genitive form of the Old English personal name Tudda + hām (“homestead”).
Binondo
Borrowed from Spanish Binondo, with the older form Binondoc or Minondoc, as attested in the Velarde map, possibly from Tagalog binundok (“formed into a mound or embankment; species of rice grown in fertile irrigated land”), from bundok (“mountain”) + -in- (“verb infix”), according to Nick Joaquin, or from *ming- + Tagalog tundok, according to Potet.
Hsichih
From Mandarin 汐止 (Xìzhǐ) Wade–Giles romanization: Hsi⁴-chih³.
Muret
Borrowed from French Muret, itself from Occitan Murèth.
Xiyin
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西引 (Xīyǐn).
melakhah
Borrowed from Hebrew מְלָאכָה (mal'achá, “work; labor; activities forbidden on Sabbath”).
mishegass
Borrowed from Yiddish משוגעת (meshugas), from משוגע (meshuge, “crazy”), from Hebrew משוגע (meshugga`, “crazy”), from שׁוּגַּע (shugga‘, “be driven mad”), שִׁיגַּע (shigga‘, “drive mad”).
Makaryan
Borrowed from Armenian Մակարյան (Makaryan).
Qixi
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 七夕 (Qīxī, “Night of the Sevens”).
Dagan
Borrowed from Hebrew דָּגָן (dagán, “grain, corn”), probably a metonymic occupational surname.
Chizek
Americanized form of Czech Čížek, Slovak Čížik and Slovene Čižek, all nicknames meaning "siskin".
Causer
Probably an occupational surname for a maker of leggings or other apparel for legs and feet, from Old French chausse (“footwear, leggings”) + -er.
McMackin
Anglicized form of Northern Irish and Scottish Gaelic Mac Maicín (“son of the young man”), from a diminutive of mac (“son”).
Fuchien
From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 福建 (Fújiàn), Wade–Giles romanization: Fu²-chien⁴.
homo negronus
A pseudo-Latinism. Latin homō (“human being”) + negro, made to resemble a Latin adjective, cf. Homo erectus.