MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
oyer and terminer
From Middle English oier and terminer, oyer and termyner, from Anglo-Norman oyer (“hear”) and terminer (“determine”).
Songun
Borrowed from Korean 선군(先軍) (seon'gun, “prioritizing the military”), McCune-Reischauer Sŏn'gun.
Newbury
From Old English niwe (“new”) + byriġ, the dative case of burh (“fortified place”). Doublet of Newburgh.
Clint
Diminutive of Clinton.
The Yorkshire place name is from Old Danish klint.
From Middle English klint (“cliff”).
Courtney
Variant of Courtenay, an aristocratic Norman surname derived from place names in Normandy, from Latin Curtenus, a personal name from curtus (“short”).
Acapulco
Borrowed from Spanish Acapulco, from a Nahuan language; cf. Classical Nahuatl Acapolco, from acatl (“reed”) + -pol (“big”) + -co (“at, to, from”).
Tianjin
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 天津 (Tiānjīn, literally “heavenly ford; heavenly crossing”).
Guadalajara
Borrowed from Spanish Guadalajara, from Arabic وَادِي الْحِجَارَة (wādī l-ḥijāra, literally “valley of stones”).
The city in Mexico was named after the city in Spain by conquistadores.
advisement
From Middle English advisement, avisement, from Old French advisement, avisement, from adviser, aviser + -ment.
puritanism
Borrowed from French puritanisme, equivalent to puritan + -ism.
obsidional
From Middle English obsidional, from Latin obsidiōnālis, from obsidiō (“siege, blockade”), from obsidēre (“beset, besiege, hem in”).
propudious
From Latin prōpudiōsus (“shameful, disgraceful, infamous”), from propudium (“scandal, shameful act; shameful person, wretch”) + -ōsus (“-ose: full of, prone to”), from prō- (“for, to, towards”) + pudēre (“to be ashamed, to cause shame”) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns).
West Bank
Calque of Arabic الضِّفَّة الْغَرْبِيَّة (aḍ-ḍiffa(t) al-ḡarbiyya, literally “the west bank”), so called due to its location relative to the Jordan River.
Wessex
From Middle English Westsex, from Old English Westseaxan (literally “West Saxons”), which stood for both Wessex and its people. The use of Wessex in a modern context for the West Country was popularised by Thomas Hardy, who used the term for his semi-fictional setting based on the region.
Easter Island
Calque of Dutch Paaseiland. Named by the island's first recorded European visitor, the Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen, who encountered it on Easter Sunday 1722. Roggeveen named it Paasch-Eyland (an 18th century Dutch spelling). The island's official Spanish name, isla de Pascua, also means “Easter Island”.
Rhode
From Middle English Rode, from Old English rod, rodu and/or Old English hrēod.
The Rh- form—a 16th century spelling modification— was created by analogy with the unrelated Rhodes, Greece.
From Ancient Greek Ῥόδη (Rhódē).
Moors
From Dutch Moors (“Moorish”), or directly from Moor + -s (after e.g. Scots).
Hezekiah
From Hebrew חִזְקִיָּה (Ḥizqiyáhu, “Hezekiah”).
Parisienne
Borrowed from French Parisienne, feminine of Parisien, from Paris. By surface analysis, Paris + -ienne.
Stockholm syndrome
Calque of Swedish Norrmalmstorgssyndrom. Named after the robbery of Kreditbanken at the Norrmalmstorg square in Stockholm, Sweden in which the bank robbers held bank employees hostage from August 23 to August 28, 1973. Originally, this term was directly translated from Swedish Norrmalmstorgssyndromet as the Norrmalmstorg syndrome, but later Norrmalmstorg was replaced with Stockholm, a word far more commonly known outside Sweden.
cote
From Middle English cote, from the Old English cote, the feminine form of cot (“small house”); doublet of cot (in the sense of “cottage”) and more distantly related to cottage. Cognate to Dutch kot.
Probably related to French côté (“side”) via Middle French costé.
From French Côté, from Latin costa.
adsorption
Borrowed from German Adsorption, from ad- + (Ab)sorption.
recklessly
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *rōkijaną
Proto-West Germanic *rōkijan
Old English rēċan
Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-der.
Proto-Germanic *leusaną
Proto-Germanic *lausaz
Proto-Germanic *-lausaz
Proto-West Germanic *-laus
Old English -lēas
Old English rēċelēas
Proto-Indo-European *leyg-
Proto-Germanic *līkąder.
Proto-Germanic *-līkaz
Proto-Germanic *-ê
Proto-Germanic *-līkê
Old English -līċe
Old English rēċelēaslīċe
Middle English reklesly
English recklessly
From Middle English reklesly, from Old English rēcelēaslīce; equivalent to reckless + -ly.
Georgian SSR
Calque of Russian Грузи́нская ССР (Gruzínskaja SSR).
reverberation
From Old French reverberation, from Medieval Latin reverberatio. Morphologically reverberate + -ion.
Bernhard
German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, and Jewish surname, from an old Germanic name composed of *bernuz (“bear”) + *harduz (“hardy, brave”).
Compare Bernard, Barnard, Barnhard, Barnhart, Benhardt.
anormal
From Middle French anormal and probably also partly Latin anōrmālis, equivalent to a- + normal.
commensurable
Borrowed from Late Latin Latin commensurabilis (“having a common measure”) in 1550s, from Latin com- (“with”) + mensurabilis (“measurable”). Equivalent to com- + mensurable.
combe
From Middle English coumbe, cumbe, from Old English cumb, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kumbaz; compare Dutch kom (“bowl, basin”), German Kump (“vessel”).
Related to Welsh cwm (“a hollow valley”), Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē, “hollow”), Sanskrit कुम्भ (kumbha, “a pot, jug”), etc. through Proto-Indo-European *ḱumbʰ-.
From Old English cumb.
Ullans
From Scots Ullans, or an acronym of "Ulster-Scots language in literature and native speech".
bodhi
From Sanskrit बोधि (bodhi). Doublet of synonymous bodai, which came via Japanese.
aigrette
Borrowed from French aigrette (“egret”). Doublet of egret.
lum
Borrowed from Scots lum, Early Scots lumb; further etymology uncertain, but probably from Cumbric *lümon, related to Welsh llumon (“chimney”) (obsolete), from Proto-Celtic *loimono. Possibly at least influenced by Old French lum (“light”), lume (“cooking fire”) (compare French lumière (“light; cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ, lumen; opening”)), from Latin lūmen (“light; light source; opening through which light can penetrate such as an air-hole or window; opening or orifice in a water-pipe or funnel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”).
As an English surname, from Middle English Lumb, from Old English Lumm, from lumm (“pool”). Analyzable as being from English lum (“pool”).
As a Chinese surname, from Cantonese 林 (lam4).
kunga
Learned borrowing from Sumerian 𒀲𒋙𒀭 (^(anše)kunga₂ /⁠kunga⁠/).
noo
From Old English nū, Middle English nou, in dialects without the shift /uː/ → /aʊ/.
mahjong
From Mandarin 麻將／麻将 (májiàng), derived from 麻雀 (máquè, “sparrow”) with a Wu diminutive suffix 兒／儿 /ŋ̍/.
stane
From Northern Middle English stan, stane, from Old English stān (“stone”). More at stone.
fennec
Etymology tree
Proto-Mongolic *hüne-
Proto-Mongolic *-gan
Proto-Mongolic *hünegender.
Persian فنکbor.
Arabic فَنَك (fanak)der.
French fennecbor.
English fennec
Borrowed from French fennec, from Arabic فَنَك (fanak).
cachalot
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kap-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *kapyéti
Proto-Italic *kapjō
Old Latin kapiō
Latin capiō
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-trom
Proto-Indo-European *-tlomder.
Latin -ulum
Latin capulum
Portuguese cacho
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Indo-European *-elós
Proto-Italic *-elos
Latin -ulus
Latin -oluslbor.
Portuguese -ola
Portuguese cachola
Portuguese -ote
Portuguese cachalotebor.
French cachalotbor.
English cachalot
Borrowed from French cachalot, from Portuguese cachalote, from cachola (“head”) + -ote.
Pashtun
Borrowed from Pashto پښتون (pax̌tūn). Doublet of Pathan.
corbie
From Middle French corbeau, from Old French corb (from Latin corvus (“raven”)) or Old French corbel (“crow”) (from Late Latin corbellus, from Latin corvus). See also Norman corbin.
darg
First attested in late Middle English; a syncopic form of daywork, developed through the series of forms: daywork → daywerk → daywark → dawark → *da’ark → dark → darg.
guddle
From Scots guddle, imitative of the splashing of water, and modelled after words like muddle and puddle, perhaps influenced by Scots gutter (“to spatter with mud”).
deportment
From Late Middle French deportement (French déportement). By surface analysis, deport + -ment.
affiance
From Middle French affiance, from affier (from Medieval Latin affīdāre, from *fīdāre, from Latin fīdere) + -ance.
affirmatively
From Middle English affirmativeli, equivalent to affirmative + -ly.
disciplinary
From Medieval Latin disciplinarius, from Latin disciplina (“instruction, teaching, field of study, habit”).
afield
From Middle English afeld, a-felde, o felde, on felde, from Old English on felde (“afield”, literally “in (the) field”), equivalent to a- (“on”) + field.
wormseed
From Middle English wormsede, wormesede, worme sede, wyrmsed, equivalent to worm + seed.
agar-agar
From Malay agar-agar (“jelly”).
From Malay agak-agak. Here, the letter k represents a glottal stop, but it is elided by many speakers in Singapore.
nonpayment
From Middle English nonpayement, nonpaiement, nounpaiement, non paiement, equivalent to non (“no”, adjective) + payment.
begrutten
From Scots begrutten, past participle of begrete (“to beweep”), equivalent be- + greet (“to weep”).
chock full
From Middle English chokkeful (“crammed full”) c. 1400, possibly from choke (“cheek”), equivalent to cheek + full. Or it may be from Old French choquier (“collide, crash, hit”), similar to shock. The later form chock-a-block full is due to association with chock, used in carpentry and shipbuilding.
acrolein
Borrowed from German Acrolein, from Latin acer (“sharp”) + oleō (“smell”, verb) + -in.
mair
From Middle English mair, mare, from Old English māra (“more”), from Proto-Germanic *maizô. More at more.
* As a Scottish surname, variant of Marr.
* Also as a Scottish surname, from Scottish Gaelic maor (“officer”). Compare Maver, Mayer.
* As a German and Jewish surname, variant of Meyer.
emend
From Middle English emenden, from Latin ēmendō (“to free from fault”), from ex- (“out”) + mendum (“fault, blemish”). Doublet of amend.
photolysis
From Ancient Greek φωτ- (phōt-), root of φῶς (phôs, “light”) + λύσις (lúsis, “decomposition”). By surface analysis, photo- + -lysis.
mailed
From Middle English mayled; equivalent to mail (“chainmail; spot on a bird's feather”) + -ed.
Extremadura
Believed to derive from Latin Extrēma Dūriī, alluding to the fact that the province is located beyond the Douro river.
revile
From Middle English revilen, from re + Old French aviler (“to make vile or cheap, disprize, disesteem”), from a- (“to”) + vil (“vile, cheap”); see vile.
heller
Borrowed from German Heller. Doublet of halier.
* As a German surname, from a coin known as the häller, first minted at Schwäbisch Hall, compare Hall. Also as a Jewish habitational surname for someone from this area.
* Also as German surname, variant of Helle, itself from Helle (“hell”).
* As a Dutch surname, variant of Helder, from the adjective helder (“clear, bright”).
* As an English surname, variant of Hillier.
* Also as an English surname, from Middle English heller (“dweller on the hill,”) see Hiller and Huller.
* Also as a Jewish surname, from German hell (“bright, light”) or Yiddish העל (hel) of the same meaning.
fae
From Old French fae, from Medieval Latin fāda. The use of the pronoun appears c. 2013.
stot
From Middle English stot, from Old English stott (“a hack, jade, or worthless horse”), from Proto-West Germanic *stott, *stutt, of uncertain origin; yet, probably related to Old Norse stútr (“young bull, steer”) (whence Danish stud (“a castrated bull, steer”), Swedish stut (“a steer”)). Compare also English stoat.
Likely derived from Middle Dutch stoten (“to push”) or Middle Low German stôten, from Old Saxon stōtan, from Proto-West Germanic *stautan, from Proto-Germanic *stautaną (“to push, jolt, bump”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-, from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”).
Also compare Middle English steten (“to thrust, strike, push, knock down”), Old Norse stauta and steyta (whence Danish støde), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan), Old Saxon stotan; as well, modern English stutter.
automatize
From French automatiser, from automate (“automaton”). Equivalent to automate + -ize.
thrapple
The noun is derived from Late Middle English thropul, þropul (“trachea, windpipe”); further etymology uncertain, but possibly a variant of throte-bolle (“laryngeal prominence, Adam’s apple; larynx; epiglottis; animal’s esophagus or neck; flesh covering throat of a deer”) [and other forms] (whence English throat-boll (obsolete)), from Old English þrotbolla [and other forms], from þrote (“throat”) + bolla (“bowl”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow; to swell up”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Pascuense
Borrowed from Spanish pascuense, from Pascua + -ense, from Isla de Pascua (“Easter Island”).
valedictory
From Latin valedictum + English -ory (suffix forming nouns meaning ‘that which pertains to’, or adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Valedictum is the accusative supine of valedīcō (“to bid farewell; to give a valediction”), from valē (“farewell, goodbye”) (the imperative of valeō (“to be healthy or well; to be strong; to have influence or power”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“powerful, strong; to rule”)) + dīcō (“to say, speak”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out”)). By surface analysis, valedict + -ory.
in fact
From fact (“deed, action”) (now obsolete, except in law). Perhaps ultimately a calque of French en fait.
Gustav
A common royal name in Sweden, from Old Swedish Gøtstaf, from Old Norse Gautr (“Geat/Goth”) + stafr (“staff”). The oldest record in Sweden dates back to the year 1225 ("Gostauus"). In Peder Swart's chronicle about Gustav Vasa dated in the mid-1500s, the name is spelled Götstaff and is assumed to mean "Staff of the Geats."
Gus
Clipping of Augustus. From the Latin name Augustus.
Clipping of Gustav, Gustave, Gustavus. From the Swedish name Gustav.
Clipping of Kostas. From the Greek name Κωνσταντίνος (Konstantínos).
Cecile
From French Cécile, from Anglo-Norman Cecile, from Latin Caecilia.
albuminous
From Latin albūminōsus, from albūmen + -ōsus. By surface analysis, albumin + -ous.
Hadrian
From the Latin Hadrianus (“from the Roman harbor Hadria”), from Etruscan 𐌇𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌀 (hatria), possibly from Venetic [script needed] (adur, “water”), related to English water, Latin unda and Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr), all from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥. Doublet of Adrian. See Adria.
eudaemonism
From Ancient Greek εὐδαίμων (eudaímōn, “having a good genius, happy, fortunate”).
mussitation
Learned borrowing from Latin mussitātiō (“soft noise made by dogs, or (Late Latin) people”) + English -ion (suffix denoting a condition or state). Mussitātiō is derived from mussitātus (“kept quiet; having been kept quiet; murmured, muttered; having been muttered”) (see further at mussitate) + -iō (suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs).
somnolence
Borrowed from Middle French somnolence, from Late Latin somnolentia, derived from Latin somnus (“sleep”), from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos (“sleep, slumber”).
violator
From Middle English violator, from Latin violātor. By surface analysis, violate + -or.
venation
Borrowed from Latin vēnātio. Doublet of venison and venatio.
splendiferous
From Middle English splendiferous, from Medieval Latin splendiferus + -ous, from Late Latin splendōrifer, from Latin splendor + -fer (“bearing”). Reintroduced humorously into English c. 1837.
stagnate
Borrowed from Latin stāgnātus, past participle of stāgnō (“cover the land as a lake, stagnate”), from stāgnum (“pond, swamp”).
unkindness
From Middle English unkyndenesse; equivalent to unkind + -ness.
anarthrous
From an- + arthrous, from Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “joint; grammatical article”).
cocker
From Middle English coker (“a quiver, boot”) from Old English cocer (“quiver, case”) from Proto-West Germanic *kukur (“container, case”), said to be from Hunnic, possibly from Proto-Mongolic *kökexür (“leather vessel for liquids”). More at quiver.
Uncertain. Perhaps from Middle English cokeren (“to pamper, coddle”); compare Welsh cocru (“to indulge, fondle”), French coqueliner (“to dandle, to imitate the crow of a cock, to run after the girls”), and English cockle and cock (“rooster; to spoil”).
* As an English surname, from the verb cock (“to fight, wrangle”), itself from the bird. The river in Lancashire is also from the bird.
* Also as an English surname, from the noun cock (sense 3) (“heap of hay”).
* As a German surname, Americanized from Kocher.
* The river in Cumbria is of Brythonic origin, from Proto-Brythonic *kukrā (“the crooked one”).
duduk
A recent borrowing, from Armenian դուդուկ (duduk), itself from Ottoman Turkish دودوك (düdük).
ventriloquy
From Latin ventriloquium, from venter (“stomach”) + loquī (“to speak”).
strix
From Latin strix, from Ancient Greek στρίξ (stríx, “screecher”).
abite
From Middle English abiten, from Old English ābītan (“to bite in pieces, tear to pieces, bite, eat, devour, gnaw, taste, partake of, consume”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”) + *bītaną (“to bite”), equivalent to a- + bite.
Azucena
From the Spanish given name Azucena, from azucena (“lily”). Doublet of Susan, Susanna and others.
Boyle
* As an Irish surname, Anglicised from Irish Ó Baoithghill, possibly a compound of baoth (“vain, foolish”) and geall (“pledge”).
* As a Scottish surname of Norman origin, from Biéville in Normandy, which could be from the Germanic personal name Boia + the common placename suffix -ville.
suburbia
PIE word
 *upó
From suburb + -ia (suffix forming abstract nouns, the names of collections of things, etc.), perhaps modelled after Latin suburbia (“suburbs”), the plural of suburbium.
ossuary
From Late Latin ossuārium (“charnel house”), from ossuārius (“of or for bones”), from compound of Latin os (“bone”) + adjectival suffix -ārius (“of, related to”).
manciple
From Middle English maunciple, from Old French manciple, from Medieval Latin mancipiolum (“lowly servant”), diminutive of Latin mancipium (“slave”).
galipot
Borrowed from French galipot; compare Old French garipot (“the wild pine or pitch tree”).
talipot
From Sinhalese [script needed] (talapata), Malayalam [script needed] (tālipat), from Sanskrit [Term?].
deploy
Borrowed from French déployer (“to unroll, unfold”), from Old French desploiier, itself from des- + ploiier, or possibly from Late Latin displicāre (“to unfold, display”), from Latin dis- (“apart”) + plicare (“to fold”). Compare Middle English desployen, dysployen (“to unfold, display”). Doublet of display.
venous
Morphologically vein + -ous, which is a borrowing from Latin vēnōsus (“full of veins, veiny”), from vēna (“a blood vessel, vein”) + -ōsus (“-ous, -ose”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of venose.
ginch
Variation of gotch, from Ukrainian га́чі (háči), ґа́чі (gáči).
likee
Attributed to various forms of pidgin English, most prominently from Chinese Pidgin English.
esbat
Learned borrowing from Old French esbat, from Old French esbatre (“to frolic, to have fun”), cognate to modern ébat (“frolic”).
no can do
From Chinese Pidgin English, calquing Chinese 不能做 (bùnéng zuò, “cannot do”).
noyau
Borrowed from French noyau, from Middle French noyau, from Old French noel, from either Early Medieval Latin nōdellus (“buckle”) or Late Latin nucālis (“nut-like”). Doublet of newel and noil.
Taj Mahal
From Hindustani ताज महल / تاج محل (tāj mahal, “crown of palaces”), from Classical Persian, ultimately from Arabic, corresponding to English taj + mahal.
imperatrix
Unadapted borrowing from Latin imperātrīx. By surface analysis, imperate + -trix. Doublet of empress.
From Latin imperatrix (“empress”).
sounder
From Middle English *soundere, from Old English ġesundra, from Proto-Germanic *sundizô, equivalent to sound + -er (comparative suffix).
From Middle English soundar, sownere, equivalent to sound + -er.
From French sonder.
Inherited from Middle English soundre, from Anglo-Norman soundre, Old Northern French sondre, from a Germanic language, probably Old English sunor (“herd of swine”), from Proto-West Germanic *suniʀu, plural of *sun (“swine, boar”), from Proto-Germanic *sunaz (“boar”), from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to bring forth, bear, give birth”). Cognate with Dutch zeunie (“trough, drinking bowl”).
lema
First coined 1789, from Ancient Greek λήμη (lḗmē, “substance that gathers in the corner of the eye; rheum”).
versifier
From Middle English versifiour, from Old French versifieor; equivalent to versify + -er.
bios
From Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life, the good life”), first distinguished in this particular sense by Giorgio Agamben. Doublet of jiva and quick.
Minneapolis
Minnehapolis proposed in 1852 by Charles Hoag as a (misspelt) blend of Dakota mníȟaȟa (“waterfall”) (mní (“water”) + ȟaȟa (“curling”)) + Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “city”). Amended to Minneapolis at a town meeting the same year.
palude
From Middle English palude, from Anglo-Norman palude, palud, palu, from Old French palu, from Latin palūs, palūdem. Reinforced (and with pronunciation influenced) by French palude, palud and Italian palude.
astore
From Middle English astoren, from Old French estorer, from Latin instaurare.
satguru
From Sanskrit सत्गुरू (satgurū), from सत् (sat, “true”) + गुरु (guru, “teacher”).
bulrush
From Middle English bulrish, perhaps from bule (“bull”) (in the sense of "large") + rish (“rush”).
one-eyed
From Middle English oneyed, on-eied, on-eiȝed, from Old English ānēġed (“one-eyed”), from Proto-Germanic *ainaugidaz, equivalent to one + eyed. Compare Old English ānīeġe (“one-eyed”), Scots ane-eit, aan eet (“one-eyed”), Saterland Frisian eenooged (“one-eyed”), West Frisian ieneagich (“one-eyed”), Dutch eenogig (“one-eyed”), German einäugig (“one-eyed”), Danish enøjet (“one-eyed”), Swedish enögd (“one-eyed”), Icelandic ein-eygður, ein-eygur (“one-eyed”).
revolute
Borrowed from Latin revolūtus, perfect passive participle of revolvō (“roll back”).
warrigal
Borrowed from Dharug wuragal (“wild and undomesticated dingo”).
bagful
From Middle English bage-ful, bage full, baggeful, bagg-ful; equivalent to bag + -ful.
glob
Possibly a blend of blob + gob, or a clipping of globule. An element of sound symbolism is clearly involved: compare such phonetically and semantically similar words as glop, gop, lob, blob, lump, clump and clod. (Still, globe, clump and clod may be related via the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-; compare clew.)
In the biological sense, proposed by Bevil R. Conway and Doris Y. Tsao, by analogy with the cytochrome-oxidase "blobs" of V1, an earlier stage in the hierarchical elaboration of colour.
foley
From the surname Foley, itself from Irish Ó Foghlú and Old Irish Ó Foghladha (“plunderer”).
The meanings related to sound effects are named after sound effects pioneer Jack Foley.
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Foghladha (“descendant of Foghlaidh”), a byname from foghlaí (“plunderer, pillager, marauder, robber”).
coracle
Of Celtic origin; related to Welsh corwg, Irish curach (“boat”) and Cornish gorhel (“ship”), from Proto-Celtic *kurukos (“boat”).
richness
Inherited from Middle English richenesse; by surface analysis, rich + -ness.
suzerainty
From Middle English suserente, from Old French suserenete, equivalent to suzerain + -ty.
offhand
From Middle English *ofhande, *ofhende, from Old English ofhende (“absent, lost”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *abahandijaz. Equivalent to (and re-formed as) off- + hand. Cognate with Icelandic afhendur. Compare onhand.
pistachio
From Italian pistacchio (1590s), from Latin pistācium (“pistachio”), from Ancient Greek πιστάκιον (pistákion), from πιστάκη (pistákē, “pistachio tree”), of Iranian origin. Compare Middle English pistace (from Middle French pistace, pistache), Northern Kurdish pisteq, Persian پسته (peste), Middle Persian pstk' (pistag, “pistachio nut”), Old Armenian պիստակ (pistak) (from Iranian), Arabic فُسْتُق (fustuq), Turkish fıstık.
animator
From Latin animātor. By surface analysis, animate + -or. Piecewise doublet of animateur.
cartolina
From Spanish cartulina, from Italian cartolina, ultimately from carta (“paper”) + -lina. Compare Tagalog kartulina and Portuguese cartolina.
batterie
Borrowed from French batterie, from battre (“to hit”). Doublet of battery.