MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
amatory
From Latin amātōrius (“pertaining to love or a lover”, adjective), from amātor (“a lover”), from amō (“to love”).
dragoon
The noun is borrowed from French dragon (“dragon (mythological creature); type of cavalry soldier, dragoon”) (originally referring to a soldier armed with the firearm of the same name (noun sense 1.1)), ultimately from Latin dracō (“dragon; kind of serpent or snake”), from Ancient Greek δρᾰ́κων (drắkōn, “dragon; serpent”), possibly from δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “to see, see clearly (in the sense of something staring)”), from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”)). Doublet of Draco, Dracon, dracone, and dragon.
The verb is either derived:
* from the noun; or
* from French dragonner (“to force (someone) into doing something, coerce; to torment (oneself)”), from dragon (noun) (see above) + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs).
insulate
From Latin īnsula (“isle, island”) + -ate (verb-forming suffix) or from Late Latin īnsulātus (“made an island”), see etymology at -ate. First attested in the 16th century; the general verb īnsulō (“insulate”) is attested only in New Latin and postdates the English term, but influence from an otherwise unattested Medieval Latin counterpart cannot be ruled out. Piecewise doublet of isolate.
arable
From Middle English arable, from Middle French arable, from Old French arable, from Latin arābilis, formed from arō (“plow”) + -bilis (“able to be”). Cognate with earable (“arable”).
interlocutor
Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin interlocūtor, from the agent noun counterpart (via the suffix -tor) of Latin interloquor (“speak between, issue an interlocutory decree”), from inter- + loquor (“speak”).
Rama
Borrowed from Sanskrit राम (rāma).
* (Oumuamua): The nickname derives from the similarity of Oumuamua to the fictional object "Rama" in the story Rendezvous with Rama, where that fictional object is named for the god.
implore
PIE word
 *h₁én
The verb is borrowed from Middle French implorer (modern French implorer (“to beg, plead, implore”)), or directly from its etymon Latin implōrāre, the present active infinitive of implōrō (“to beseech, entreat, implore; to appeal to, pray to”), from im- (a variant of in- (intensifying prefix)) + plōrō (“to cry out; to complain, deplore, lament”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)- (“to flow; to swim”)).
The noun is derived from the verb.
implicate
First attested in the 15th century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English implicaten (poorly attested), from implicat(e) (“wrapped, entwined; involved, connected (with)”, possibly also used as the past participle of implicaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin implicātus, perfect passive participle of implicō (“to entangle, involve”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from plicō (“to fold”). Doublet of imply and employ.
First attested in the first part of the 15ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English implicat(e) (“wrapped, entwined; incolved, connected (with)”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix), -ate (noun-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.
informer
Inherited from Middle English enformour, from Anglo-Norman enfourmour; equivalent to inform + -er.
minx
PIE word
 *ǵʰmṓ
The origin of the noun is uncertain. The following possible derivations have been suggested:
* A variation of minikin (“(obsolete) young person, especially a young woman; small or insignificant person, thing, or amount”) + a variation of -s (suffix forming hypocoristic nouns (nicknames)) (compare minckins, a variant of minikin).
* From Dutch mens, mensch (“human being, person; (derogatory, informal) woman”) (obsolete), Middle Dutch minsc, minsce, minsch; or from German Low German minsch, minsk, Middle Low German minsche (“hussy, wench”), all ultimately from Proto-Germanic *manniskaz (“human”, adjective), from *mann- (“human being, person; man”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ (“earthling”), *men- (“to mind; to think; spiritual activity”), or *mon- (“human being; man”)) + *-iskaz (suffix meaning ‘characteristic of, pertaining to’ forming adjectives).
The verb is derived from the noun.
minnow
The noun is derived from Late Middle English menew, menowe (“small fish; (specifically) common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus); or stickleback (possibly the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus)”), from Old English *mynwe, an oblique form of *mynu, a variant of myne (“minnow; small fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *muniwu (“minnow; small fish”), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“small”). Possibly influenced by Anglo-Norman menu (“small”) and Old French menu (“small”), and English minim (“anything very minute; applied to animalcula and the like”).
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Middle Low German mone, möne (Dutch meun, West Frisian meun)
* Old High German muniwa, munuwa, munewa (modern German Münne (“minnow”))
* Latin mēna (“small sea-fish”)
binge
From Leicestershire and Northamptonshire dialect, binge (“to drink deeply", also "to soak, steep, drench", specifically "to swell a leaky wooden vessel by filling it with or plunging it into water”), of unknown origin.
Possibly inherited from Middle English *bengen, from Old English *benġan, from Proto-West Germanic *bangijan (“to press”), possibly related to *bangōn (“to bang”) and thus potentially cognate with Bavarian aufbenga (“to raise for processing”), Middle Low German bengen (“to evacuate, to force birth”, German Low German bängen, bengen, bingen), and possibly Middle Scots beynge, bynge (“to cringe”, Scots beenge), though the last could be a blend of bow (“to bow”) + crenge (“to cringe”).
However, compare dialectal English beam and Scots beam, beene (“to cure leakage in a tub or barrel by soaking, thereby causing the wood to swell”), though these could be specialised developments of Old English bēam (“wood”), with variants in /n/ being due to influence from this word or assimilation before syncopated forms of the past tense suffix.
munch
From Middle English monchen, a variant of mocchen, mucchen ("to munch (food); chew audibly"; > Modern English dialectal mouch), probably imitative in origin (compare English crunch; German mampfen).
brawl
The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may be cognate with Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”), Dutch brallen (“to boast”), Low German brallen (“to brag”), Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”) (modern German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)).
The noun is derived from Middle English brall, bralle, braul, braule, brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”), from the verb braulen: see above.
Possibly from French branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”), from brand, branc (“blade of a sword”), from Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand; flaming sword; sword”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”).
From French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”), from branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”); see further at etymology 2.
Alternatively, the word could be derived from brawl (“(obsolete) to move to and fro, quiver, shake”): see etymology 2.
guilty
From Middle English gilty, gulty, from Old English gyltiġ (“offending, guilty”); equivalent to guilt + -y.
blink
From Middle English blynken, blenken, from Old English *blincan (suggested by causative verb blenċan (“to deceive”); > English blench), from Proto-Germanic *blinkaną, a variant of *blīkaną (“to gleam, shine”).
Cognate with Dutch blinken (“to glitter, shine”), German blinken (“to flash, blink”), Danish blinke (“to flash, twinkle, wink, blink”), Swedish blinka (“to flash, blink, twinkle, wink, blink”). Related to blank, blick, blike, bleak.
bloat
Perhaps from Middle English blot, blout (“soft; flexible; pliable”), from Old Norse blautr (“soft”). Akin to Danish blød, Dutch bloot (“nude”) and German bloß (“nude”).
repugnant
From Middle English repugnaunt, from Old French repugnant, borrowed from Latin repugnans, present participle of repugnare (“to oppose, to fight against”), from re- (“back, against”) + pugnare (“to fight”); see pugnacious. By surface analysis, re- + Latin pugn + -ant.
epigone
From French épigone, from Latin epigonus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίγονος (epígonos, “offspring, descendant”), from ἐπιγίγνομαι (epigígnomai, “to come after”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”), from γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to become”).
procedure
From French procédure, from Old French, from Latin procedere (“to go forward, proceed”); see proceed.
pontiff
Borrowed from Middle French pontife m, from Latin pontifex m. Doublet of pontifex.
dingle
From Middle English dingle (“a deep hollow; dell”), from Old English *dyngel, a diminutive of Old English dung (“dungeon; pit”), equivalent to dung + -le (diminutive suffix). Compare Saterland Frisian Dongel (“hollow tooth, cavity”), English dimble (“a dingle, glen, retired place”).
Related to dungeon.
From Irish An Daingean, Daingean Uí Chúi (“fort of Ó Cúis”), from daingean (“fortress”).
taqwa
Borrowed from Arabic تَقْوَى (taqwā).
herring
From Middle English hering, from Old English hǣring, from Proto-West Germanic *hāring (“herring”), further etymology unknown. Possibly derived from Proto-Germanic *hērą (“hair”) + -ing, due to the similarity of their fine bones to hair. Cognate with Scots hering, haring (“herring”), Saterland Frisian Hiering, Häiring (“herring”), West Frisian hjerring (“herring”), Dutch haring (“herring”), German Low German Hereng, Hering (“herring”), German Hering (“herring”), Bavarian Haring (“herring”). Late Latin haringus (whence French hareng, etc.) is borrowed from Germanic.
acrimony
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *-rós
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós
Proto-Italic *akris
Latin ācer
Proto-Indo-European *-mṓ
Proto-Indo-European *-monyomder.
Latin -mōnium
Latin -mōnia
Latin ācrimōniader.
Middle French acrimoniebor.
English acrimony
From Middle French acrimonie, from Latin ācrimōnia (“sharpness, pungency”).
Beijing
c. 1958, borrowed from Hanyu Pinyin Běijīng, romanization of the Mandarin Chinese 北京 (Běijīng, literally “northern capital”).
The name Beijing was to distinguish the city from Nanjing to the south, and first applied informally during the reign of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, who preferred to rule from Beijing but was obliged to treat Nanjing as a secondary capital by the dynastic injunctions of his father the Hongwu Emperor. The name continued a practice of several preceding dynasties—especially those of nomadic conquerers from the north such as the Jin and Liao—of maintaining a number of separate capitals designated by their cardinal directions.
opener
From Middle English oppinnare, opynnare, from Old English openere, equivalent to open + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).
oppress
From Middle English oppressen, from Old French oppresser, from Medieval Latin oppressare (“to press against, oppress”), frequentative of Latin opprimere, past participle oppressus (“to press against, press together, oppress”), from ob (“against”) + premere, past participle pressus (“to press”); see press.
oppression
From Middle English oppression, from Old French oppression, from Latin oppressiō (“a pressing down, violence, oppression”), from opprimō; see oppress.
oppressor
From Middle English oppressour, from Old French opressor and Latin oppressor; equivalent to oppress + -or.
optic
Borrowed from Middle French optique or Medieval Latin opticus, from Ancient Greek ὀπτῐκός (optĭkós, “of or for sight”), from ὀπτός (optós, “visible”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).
deathbed
From Middle English dethbed, from Old English dēaþbedd (“deathbed; grave”), equivalent to death + bed. Cognate with Swedish dödsbädd (“deathbed”). Compare also Dutch sterfbed (“deathbed”), German Sterbebett and Totenbett (both “deathbed”), Danish dødsleje (“deathbed”).
serenity
From Middle English serenyte, from Old French serenité, from Latin serēnitās, equivalent to serene + -ity.
gyve
From Middle English *give, *gyve (found only in plural gives, gyves (“shackles; fetters”)). Of uncertain origin, possibly from low dialect taking from Celtic; compare Welsh gefyn (“fetter, shackle”), Irish geibbionn (“fetters”), geimheal (“fetter, chain, shackle”); these are from Proto-Celtic *gem- (“shackle, chain”), from Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to squeeze, grab, press”), see also Proto-Slavic *žęti, Ancient Greek γέντο (génto). The modern pronunciation with /dʒ/ is due to the spelling.
The verb is from Middle English given, gyven (“to shackle”), from the noun.
systole
Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek συστολή (sustolḗ), from συστέλλω (sustéllō, “to contract”), from σύν (sún, “together”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “to send”).
rummage
From Middle English ronage, from Old French arrumage (compare French arrimage), from arrumer (“to arrange the cargo in the hold”) (compare French arrimer and Spanish arrumar).
Americanized spelling of German Rometsch.
dandruff
The word is first attested in 1545; the first element is obscure, but compare dander. The second element derives from a Northumbrian or East Anglian Middle English hurf (“scab”), from Old Norse hrufa. Compare Dutch roof, Luxembourgish Roff. Related with Proto-Germanic *hreubaz, *hreufaz (“rough, scabby”), source of Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”). More at reef (etymology 3).
escalator
From the former trademark Escalator, created by American inventor Charles Seeberger in 1900, from Latin ē- (“from, out of”) + scala (“ladder”) + -tor, which forms nouns of agency; see the appendix. Broader usage may be influenced by its derivative escalate, by surface analysis, escalate + -or. For an alternative etymology, see the Online Etymology Dictionary.
hondel
From Yiddish האַנדלען (handlen, “to trade”), from German handeln. Doublet of handle.
ryot
17th century. From Hindi रैयत (raiyat, “peasant”), from Urdu رعیت (ra'iyat, “peasant”), from Classical Persian رَعِیَّت (ra'iyyat, “population, peasants”), from Arabic رَعِيَّة (raʕiyya, “flock, herd”).
damsel
From Middle English dameisele, from Old French damoisele, from Vulgar Latin *domnicella, a diminutive from Classical Latin domina (“mistress, lady”), from dominus, from *demh₂-. Doublet of demoiselle, doncella, and donzella.
inotropic
From Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “sinew, tendon; strength, force”) + -tropic (“affecting, changing”), from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “turn, direction, way”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).
darkly
From Middle English derkly, derkely, derkliche, derkeliche; equivalent to dark + -ly. Compare Old English deorclīċe, a parallel formation.
From Middle English derkely, equivalent to dark + -ly.
kourotrophos
Presumably from Kourotrophos, itself from Ancient Greek κουροτρόφος (kourotróphos). Assigned by Elizabeth B. French, c. 1970
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κουροτρόφος (kourotróphos, “rearing boys” or “bringing up boys”).
flauta
Borrowed from Mexican Spanish flauta, with same meaning, because of its shape, resembling a flute. Doublet of flute and fluyt.
swole
From earlier swoll, from Middle English swal, swall, swalle (simple past tense), and suoll, suolle, swalle, swol, swole, swolle, iswolle, yswolle (past participle), inflected forms of swellen (“to swell”), from Old English sweall (simple past tense), from Proto-Germanic *swall, first and third person singular preterite of Proto-Germanic *swellaną (“to swell”); further origin uncertain.
lantzman
Borrowed from Yiddish לאַנדסמאַן (landsman). Doublet of landsman.
minatory
Borrowed from Middle French minatoire, from Late Latin minātōrius. Compare menace.
supernumerary
From Late Latin supernumerarius (“extra soldier added to a legion; supernumerary”), from super (“above; beyond”) + numerus (“number; collection, quantity”) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns or numerals). The word is analysable as super- + numeral + -ary.
toodeloo
Unknown. Possibly from French à tout à l'heure (“see you later”, literally “until shortly”) or from toot.
winged
From Middle English winged, wenged (“having wings”), past participle of wingen, from the noun winge, wenge.
opulent
Borrowed from Latin opulēns, opulentus, from ops (“wealth, power, resources”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃op- (“to work; produce in abundance”).
oracle
From Middle English oracle, from Old French oracle m, from Latin ōrāculum n.
convey
From Middle English conveien, from Old French conveier (French convoyer), from Vulgar Latin *convio, from Classical Latin via (“way”). Compare convoy.
oration
Borrowed from Latin ōrātiō, ōrātiōnem, from ōrō (“to orate”) + -tiō (“action (nominalizer)”). Cognate with and doublet of orison.
orator
From Middle English oratour, from Anglo-Norman oratour, from Latin ōrātor.
oratorical
From orator or oratory + -ical, or else from Latin ōrātōrius.
oratory
From Middle English oratorie, from Anglo-Norman oratorie, Middle French oratoire, and their source, Late Latin ōrātōrium. Doublet of oratorio.
Borrowed from Latin ōrātōria, from the feminine of ōrātōrius (“oratorial”).
oratorio
Borrowed from Italian oratorio (“oratorical”), from Latin ōrātōrius. Doublet of oratory.
ordeal
From Middle English ordel, ordal, from Medieval Latin ordālium or inherited from its source Old English ordēl, ordāl (“ordeal, judgement”), from Proto-West Germanic *uʀdailī (“judgement”, literally “an out-dealing”), from *uʀdailijan (“to deal out; dispense”). For more, see Old English or-, English deal.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Uurdeel (“judgement; verdict”), West Frisian oardiel (“judgement”), Dutch oordeel (“judgement, discretion”), Low German Oordeel (“judgement; verdict”), German Urteil (“judgement, verdict”).
organist
From Middle French organiste, from Medieval Latin organista. By surface analysis, organ + -ist.
oz
From Italian oz., abbreviation of onza (obsolete form of oncia).
From Turkish Öz.
origination
Borrowed from Latin orīginātiō, from orīgō (“to act, to commence”, stem as origin-) + -tiō.
Eileen
Anglicized form of Irish Eibhlín, Eilín or Aibhilín, all cognates of Evelyn. Sometimes also used for the Irish name Éibhleann, possibly from Old Irish oíph (“radiance, beauty”).
adat
Borrowed from Malay adat, from Classical Persian عادت ('ādat), from Arabic عَادَة (ʕāda, “habit, custom”), from the verb عَوْدَ (ʕawda, “to appertain, to be proper”).
camerlengo
Borrowed from Italian camerlengo (“chamberlain”). Doublet of chamberlain.
contrast
From French contraster, from Italian contrastare (“to resist", "to withstand”), from Vulgar Latin *contrāstāre, from Latin contrā (“against”) + stō, stāre (“to stand”).
Dorey
Nickname for a goldsmith or someone with golden hair, from Old French doré (“golden”).
mock-up
First use appears c. 1915–1920, deverbal from mock up (verb), by imitation of French maquette.
oikumene
From Ancient Greek οἰκουμένη (oikouménē).
greatly
From Middle English gretly, gretely, gretliche, greteliche, equivalent to great + -ly.
schlump
Borrowed from Yiddish שלומפּ (shlump, “stupid, foolish, or inept person”). Compare obsolete German Schlumpe (modern Schlampe).
popularity
From popular + -ity, from Latin popularitas (“an effort to please the people”).
methinks
From Middle English me thinketh from Old English mē þynceþ (from þyncan (“to seem”)); equivalent to me (indirect object pronoun, as in “show me it”) + think (“to seem”). Compare synonymous Flemish me dunkt, German mir/mich dünkt, Old Norse mér þykkir (Icelandic mér þykir). Compare meseems.
olden
From Middle English olden, probably originally an inflected plural form of old (compare Old English ealdum, dative plural of eald (“old”)), but later reanalysed as equivalent to old + -en (“made of”).
Otherwise derived from Old Norse aldinn (“ancient, old”).
surgeon
From Middle English surgien, borrowed from Anglo-Norman surgien, sirogen (Old French surgien et al.), from Vulgar Latin *chīrurgiānus, from Latin chīrūrgia (“surgery”), from chīrurgus (“surgeon”), borrowed from Ancient Greek χειρουργός (kheirourgós), from χείρ (kheír, “hand”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”). Doublet of chirurgeon.
ornate
Learned borrowing from Latin ōrnātus, perfect passive participle of ōrnō (“to equip, adorn”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Doublet of orné.
From Latin ōrnātus, perfect passive participle of ōrnō (“to equip, adorn”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Compare French orner.
ya
Apparently from German ja and cognates in other Germanic languages; related to English yeah.
From Middle English ya, from Old English ġēa, iā (“yea, yes”). More at yea.
From Russian я (ja).
From Malay ya, from Dutch ja (and ultimately Proto-Germanic *ja). Reinforced by informal variants of yes in English (e.g., yeah). Doublet of yes.
Borrowed from Tamil யா (yā). This surname is the 5ᵗʰ most common surname in Tamil Nadu.
ornithology
From New Latin ornithologia, coined by Ulisse Aldrovandi from Ancient Greek ὀρνιθολόγος (ornithológos), from ὄρνις (órnis) and λόγος (lógos). See also ornitho- + -logy.
oscillate
First attested in 1726; borrowed from Latin ōscillātus, perfect passive participle of Latin ōscillō (“to swing”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from ōscillum (“a swing”), usually identified with ōscillum (“a little face or mask hung on a tree that sways with the wind”), diminutive of ōs (“mouth, face”). See also osculate.
ought
From Middle English oughte, aughte, aȝte, ahte, from Old English āhte, first and third person singular past tense of Old English āgan (“to own, possess”), equivalent to owe + -t.
Cognate with Sanskrit ईश्वर (īśvará, “capable of, liable”).
outburst
Inherited from Middle English outbersten, outbresten. Cognate with Dutch uitbarsten (“to erupt; burst out”), German ausbersten (“to burst out; erupt”). By surface analysis, out- + burst.
outcry
From Middle English outcry, outcri, outcrye, equivalent to out- + cry.
The verb is from Middle English outcrien.
Austin
From Middle English Austin, from Anglo-Norman Aostin, Austin, similar to Old French Aostin, Austin, a popular variant of Old French Agustin, from Latin Augustīnus, from Augustus (literally “majestic”). Doublet of Augustine.
ligament
From Middle English ligament, from Latin ligāmentum, from ligō (“tie, bind”).
hieroglyph
First attested around 1598, a back-formation from hieroglyphic (1580s), from Middle French hiéroglyphique, from Late Latin hieroglyphicus, from Ancient Greek ἱερογλυφικός (hierogluphikós) (Plutarch τά ἱερογλυφικά [γράμματα] "hieroglyphic [writing]), ἱερόγλυφος (hierógluphos, “carver of hieroglyphs”) (Ptolemy), a compound of ἱερός (hierós, “sacred, holy”) and γλυφή (gluphḗ, “carved work”), a calque of Egyptian mdw-nṯr (“the god’s word”), nTr-md. By surface analysis, hiero- + glyph.
fragrance
Borrowed from French fragrance, from Middle French fragrance, from Old French fraglance, from Late Latin frāgrantia. See fragrant.
stow
From Middle English stowe, from Old English stōw (“place, location”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōu, from Proto-Germanic *stōō (“a place, stowage”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, place, put”). Cognate with Old Frisian stō (“place”), Icelandic stó (“fireplace”), Dutch stouw (“place”), German Stau (“congestion”). See also -stow.
From Middle English stowen, stawen, stewen, from Old English stōwian (“to hold back, restrain”), from Proto-Germanic *stōōną, *stōjaną (“to stow, dam up”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, place”). Cognate with Dutch stuwen, stouwen (“to stow”), Low German stauen (“to blin, halt, hinder”), German stauen (“to halt, hem in, stow, pack”).
Catherine
Borrowed from French Catherine, from Ancient Greek Αἰκατερίνη (Aikaterínē), *Ἑκατερίνη (*Hekaterínē), of debated meaning, possibly from ἑκάτερος (hekáteros, “each of the two”), or from the name of the goddess Hecate. The apheresis of the first syllable as well as the spelling with ⟨th⟩ in Latin languages, German and English, is due to a folk etymology, dating from Roman times, which associated the name with the Ancient Greek καθαρός (katharós, “pure”). The name belonged to a 4th-century saint and martyr from Alexandria who was tortured on the wheel from where the term Catherine wheel originates.