MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
mancha
Borrowed from Spanish mancha (“stain”).
Borrowed from Spanish Mancha; this surname is predominantly found in Mexico.
waterside
From Middle English water-syde, water side, equivalent to water + -side.
orle
From Old French (also modern) orle, from orler (“to hem”), or from Vulgar Latin *orula, a diminutive of Latin ora (“edge”), probably from os, oris (“mouth”).
rajas
From Sanskrit रजस् (rajas). Doublet of Erebus.
rasgueo
From Andalusian Spanish rasgueo, regional form of rasgueado, from the verb rasguear (“strum”). Attested in English from the 20th century (see quotations below).
rasure
From Middle English rasure, from Anglo-Norman rasure, Middle French rasure, from Latin rāsūra (“scraping, shaving”), from the participle stem of rādō (“to scrape, shave”).
regula
Learned borrowing from Latin rēgula (“rule”). Doublet of rail, regal, rigol, and rule.
damnum absque injuria
Borrowed from Latin damnum absque injuria (“loss without injury”).
diddle
From dialectal duddle (“to trick”) (16th century), and diddle, duddle (“to totter”) (17th century), perhaps dissimilated from dialectal didder, dither (“to shake, tremble”), from Middle English dideren (“to shake, quiver, tremble”) and Middle English bididren (“to seduce, deceive”), from Old English bedidrian, bedyderian (“to trick, deceive”). Compare also Saterland Frisian diedelje (“to play or sing without a melody”), Dutch bedodden, bedotten (“to trick, fool, diddle”), German Low German Diedeldentjes (“pranks, pranking”). Possibly influenced or reinforced by the name (which itself was probably chosen as an allusion to duddle) of the swindling character Jeremy Diddler in Kenney's Raising the Wind (1803).
Meanings "to have sex with" and "to molest" are from the 19th century, the latter reinforced by the name of rapper P. Diddy; "to masturbate" is from the 1950s. Compare dildo.
merismus
From Ancient Greek μερισμός (merismós, “a dividing”), derived from the Ancient Greek verb μερίζω (merízō, “to divide into parts”).
segment
From Latin segmentum (“a piece cut off, a strip, segment of the earth, a strip of tinsel”), from secāre (“to cut”).
furcate
From Medieval Latin furcātus (“forked, branched”), from Latin furca (“fork”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Compare French fourchu.
The verb was formed by metanalysis or as if from Latin furcō (“to fork”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
Tanduay
From Spanish Tanduay as in "Isla de Tanduay", from Tagalog Tangway, from tangway (“peninsula”).
retrocede
Ultimately from Latin retrōcēdere, from retrō- (“back, backward”) + cēdere (“to go, go back, give, return, etc.”). Equivalent to retro- + cede.
sanad
From Hindi सनद (sanad), from Arabic سَنَد (sanad).
serena
From Italian serena, feminine of sereno. Compare Spanish serena (“dew”).
tensan
From Japanese 天蚕 (tensan, “tensan moth; tensan silk”).
eutrophic
From Ancient Greek εὖ (eû) + τροφικός (trophikós), literally “well-nourished”; equivalent to eu- + trophic.
termine
Borrowed from Middle French terminer, from Latin termināre. Doublet of terminate.
toman
Borrowed from Classical Persian تومان (tōman), from Mongolian түмэн (tümen).
Two main origins:
* Borrowed from Czech and Slovak Toman, a hypocoristic form of the personal name Tomáš.
* Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Tuamáin (“descendant of Tuamán”), a diminutive of tuama (“grave, tomb, burial mound”).
tose
From Middle English tosen (“to card wool”), from Old English *tāsan (“to tease”), from Proto-West Germanic *taisan (“to tug, separate, shred”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y- (“to divide, separate”).
tosa
From Japanese 土佐 (Tosa), according to the former Tosa province on the island of Shikoku where the dog was originally bred.
Borrowed from Japanese 土佐 (Tosa).
congee
From late Middle English congie, from Old French congié, congiet (modern French congé), from Latin commeātus (“passage, permission to leave”), from commeō (“to go and come”), from con- + meō (“to go, to pass”). Figurative senses generally borrowed from developments in French congé.
From Tamil கஞ்சி (kañci) or another Dravidian language such as Malayalam കഞ്ഞി (kaññi) (ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kañci), possibly via Portuguese canje.
bezant
From Middle English besaunt, from Old French bezant, nominative bezanz, from Latin byzantius (“of Byzantium”).
halidom
From Middle English halidom, haliȝdom, from Old English hāliġdōm (“holiness, righteousness, sanctity; holy place, sanctuary, chapel; relics, holy things; holy office; sacrament; holy doctrines”), corresponding to holy + -dom, from Proto-Germanic *hailagadōmaz. Cognate with Dutch heiligdom (“sanctuary, shrine”), German Heiligtum (“sanctuary, shrine, holy relic”), Swedish helgedom (“shrine, sanctuary, temple, sanctum”), Icelandic helgidómur (“sanctuary, holy relic”).
Josiah
From Biblical Hebrew יֹאשִׁיָּה (yōšiyyā), יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ (yōšiyyā́hū).
Bertha
Definitely from Old English Berþa as a result of metathesis of h, from earlier Old English Berhte (“bright one”), influence of Latin Bercta.
Alternatively, from Old High German berhta (“bright one”), which was an epithet of the goddess Frigg.
Probably from French berthe, from the name Berthe (English Bertha).
trine
From Middle English trine, from Middle French trin, from Latin trīnus.
From Middle English trynen, of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse troða (“to walk, tread”); compare Old Swedish trina (“to go”).
Probably an Americanized form of German Trein.
zecchin
From Italian zecchino, from Italian zecca (“mint”), from Arabic سكّة (sikka, “die for coining, coin”). Doublet of sequin.
vare
Borrowed from Spanish vara (“staff, wand”), Latin vara (“forked pole”).
ventile
From Italian venti (“twenty”), Late Latin vĭnti, from Latin vīgintī.
viole
From Middle English vyole, from either Middle French violer or Latin violāre. Compare violate.
From Italian viole.
vira
From translingual Vira or New Latin vīra.
From Ukrainian Ві́ра (Víra), a calque of the female given name Ве́ра (Véra, “Vera”).
vire
From Old French vire, from virer (“to turn”). Compare veer, vireton.
wavelet
From wave + -let; a calque of French ondelette, from onde (“wave”) + -ette (diminutive suffix).
waxen
From Middle English waxen, from Old English weaxen, ġeweaxen, from Proto-Germanic *wahsanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *wahsijaną (“to wax, grow, increase”), equivalent to wax + -en (past participle ending).
From Middle English waxen (“made of wax”), from Old English weaxen (“waxen, made of wax”), equivalent to wax + -en (“made of”).
wayfaring
From Middle English wayferande, weyverinde, wayverinde, from Old English weġfarende, weġfērende (“wayfaring”), equivalent to way + faring. Cognate with Icelandic vegfarandi. More at wayfare.
vendue
From Dutch vendu and Norman vendue, from Old French vendre, from Latin vēndere.
paradigmatic
From French paradigmatique, from Ancient Greek πᾰρᾰδειγμᾰτῐκός (părădeigmătĭkós).
hamza
Borrowed from Arabic هَمْزَة (hamza).
From Arabic حَمْزَة (ḥamza, literally “lion”), from the Arabic root ح م ز (ḥ m z).
panatela
From Spanish panatela, the name of a long thin biscuit, from the Italian diminutive panatella, which ultimately derives from Latin pānis (“bread”).
futanari
From Japanese ふたなり (futanari, “hermaphrodite”), from 二(ふた) (futa, “two”) + 形(なり) (nari, “shape, form”) or 態(なり) (nari).
chignon
Borrowed from French chignon circa 1780, when the hairstyle was in fashion.
weaponless
From Middle English wepenles, from Old English wǣpenlēas, from Proto-Germanic *wēpnalausaz, equivalent to weapon + -less. Cognate with Saterland Frisian woapenloos (“weaponless”), Dutch wapenloos (“weaponless”), German waffenlos (“weaponless”), Danish våbenløs (“weaponless”), Swedish vapenlös (“weaponless”), Icelandic vopnlaus (“weaponless”).
pseudonymous
From Latin pseudōnymus, from Ancient Greek ψευδώνῠμος (pseudṓnŭmos). By surface analysis, pseudonym + -ous.
ebullience
Borrowed from Latin ēbullientem + English -ence (suffix meaning ‘having the state or condition of’). Ēbullientem is the accusative feminine or masculine singular of ēbulliēns (“boiling”), the present participle of ēbulliō (“to boil”) (from ē- (prefix meaning ‘out, away’) + bulliō (“to bubble; to boil”) (from bulla (“bubble; bubble-shaped object”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to blow; to inflate”))) + -ēns.
recognizance
From Middle English reconisaunce, from Old French reconissance. Doublet of reconnaissance.
unshod
Inherited from Middle English unshod, unschod from Old English unsċōd, equivalent to un- + shod.
usuba bocho
Borrowed from Japanese 薄刃包丁 (usuba-bōchō, “thin knife”).
Aglaia
From Ancient Greek Ἀγλαΐα (Aglaḯa, from ἀγλαΐα (aglaḯa, “splendour, beauty”)). It has the same Indo-European root as γελάω (geláō, “to laugh”).
duan
From Irish and Scottish Gaelic duan, from Middle Irish dúan, from Proto-Indo-European *dh₂p-no- (compare Old Armenian տաւն (tawn, “feast, celebration”), Ancient Greek δαπάνη (dapánē, “cost”), Old Norse tafn (“sacrificial animal”) and Latin damnum (“damage”)), from *deh₂p- (“to sacrifice”).
epaulette
From French épaulette, from épaule (“shoulder”) + -ette (diminutive).
epigraph
From Ancient Greek ἐπιγραφή (epigraphḗ, “inscription”), from ἐπιγράφω (epigráphō, “write upon”), from ἐπῐ- (epĭ-, “on, upon, over, etc.”) + γρᾰ́φω (grắphō, “to draw, paint, write, etc.”).
houri
From French houri, from Persian حوری (hurî), from Arabic حُورِيّ (ḥūriyy) and Arabic حُورِيَّة (ḥūriyya), adjective and feminine singulative of حُور (ḥūr) from Classical Arabic حُورٌ عِينٌ (ḥūrun ʕīnun, “fair maidens, black-eyed ones”). See أَحْوَر m (ʔaḥwar), حَوْرَاء f (ḥawrāʔ) for the base adjective.
bartisan
Borrowed by the Scottish novelist Walter Scott (see quotation) from Middle Scots bartisan, variant of bartising, from Middle English bretasynge. Doublet of bratticing.
syllabication
First attested in 1631; from the Medieval Latin sillabicātio, syllabicātio, noun of action of the verb syllabicō, from syllaba (“syllable”).
syllabification
First attested in 1764; a regular Anglicisation (see -fication) of a hypothetical etymon of the form *syllabificātiō, *syllabificātiōn-, formed regularly on the base of the Latin syllabificō, itself from syllaba (“syllable”).
natheless
From Middle English natheless, equivalent to no + the + less. Compare netheless.
tyrannosaurus
From translingual Tyrannosaurus, from Ancient Greek τύραννος (túrannos, “tyrant”) + σαῦρος (saûros, “lizard”).
arblast
Inherited from Middle English arblast, from late Old English arblast, from Old French arbaleste (modern French arbalète), from Late Latin arcuballista, from Latin arcus (“bow”).
naker
Borrowed from Old French nacaire, nacre (cognate with Italian nacchera, mediaeval Latin nacara), ultimately derived from Arabic نَقَّارَة (naqqāra, “drum”).
assoil
From Middle English assoilen (“to absolve or release from blame or sin”), from Anglo-Norman as(s)oiler, as(s)oilier, and Old French as(s)oille [and other forms], the present subjunctive, and as(s)oil, the present indicative, of as(s)oldre, as(s)oudre (“to absolve from blame”) (modern French absoudre), from Latin absoluere, the present active infinitive of absoluō, a variant of absolvō (“to set free from”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) + solvō (“to loosen, set free”) (from sē- (“prefix meaning ‘apart; aside; away’”) + luō (“to let go, set free”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewH- (“to cut off, to free”). Doublet of absolve and assoilzie.
assoilzie
A Scottish variant of assoil, from Scottish Middle English assolyhe, assolȝe, retaining the -le- or -li- sounds of Anglo-Norman as(s)oilier and Old French as(s)oille which were dropped in modern English spoken in England.
Castile
From (possibly through a Middle French form) Spanish Castilla from Old Spanish Castiella from Medieval Latin Castella from the plural of Latin castellum (“castle, fort, citadel”), diminutive of castrum (“fortress”); supposedly derived from the many castles constructed in the region.
Navarra
From Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Sephardic Jewish surname, from the region Navarre.
Chihuahua
Borrowed from Mexican Spanish Chihuahua. The dog is named after the state.
bayamo
From Spanish bayamo, from Bayamo, the capital city of the Granma Province of Cuba.
peptone
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *pékʷ-ye-
Proto-Hellenic *péťťō
Ancient Greek πέσσω (péssō)bf.
Ancient Greek πέπτω (péptō)
Ancient Greek πεπτόν (peptón)der.
German Peptonbor.
English peptone
From German Pepton, from Ancient Greek πεπτόν (peptón, “cooked, digested”) derived from πέπτω (péptō, “soften, ripen, boil, cook, bake, digest”).
eglantine
From French églantine, Middle English eglentyn, from Old French aiglantin (adj.), from Old French aiglent (“sweetbrier”), from Latin aculentus (with the ending of spinulentus (“thorny, prickly”)), from aculeus (“prickle”), from acus (“needle”).
Wanderwort
Unadapted borrowing from German Wanderwort, from wandern (“to wander”) + Wort (“word”). Wandern is ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, to wind”), and Wort from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to say, speak”). The plural forms Wanderworte and Wanderwörter are also borrowed from German Wanderworte and Wanderwörter.
curtal
From older French courtault (modern French courtaud), from court (“short”) + -ault (pejorative suffix).
leman
From Middle English lemman, variant of leofman, from Old English *lēofmann ("lover; sweetheart"; attested as a personal name), equivalent to lief + man ("beloved person"). In the past, incorrectly asserted to derive from French l'aimant (“the [male] lover”).
From Middle English Leman, from Old English Leofmann.
buskin
Apparently from Old French bousequin, variant of brousequin (compare modern French brodequin), probably from Middle Dutch broseken, of unknown origin.
chionophile
From Ancient Greek χιών (khiṓn, “snow”) + -phile (lover).
edelweiss
Borrowed from German Edelweiß, from edel (“noble”) + weiß (“white”).
dorter
From Middle English dortour, from Old French dortoir, dortour (modern dortoir), from Latin dormitorium (“dormitory”). Doublet of dormitorium and dormitory.
rencounter
From Middle English rencounteren, rencountren, from Middle French rencontrer, corresponding to re- + encounter.
From Middle English rencountre, from the verb, after Middle French rencontre, corresponding to re- + encounter.
consuetude
From Middle English consuetude, from Middle French consuetude, from Old French consuetude, learnedly borrowed from Latin cōnsuētūdō. Doublet of costume, custom, and kastom.
foughten
From Middle English foughten, foghten, ifoghten, from Old English fohten, ġefohten, from Proto-Germanic *fuhtanaz, past participle of *fehtaną (“to comb; struggle with; fight”), equivalent to fought + -en. Cognate with Scots fochten, fochtin, Dutch gevochten. More at fight.
phlebotomy
From Old French flebothomie (French phlébotomie), from Late Latin phlebotomia, from Ancient Greek φλεβοτόμος (phlebotómos, “that opens a vein”), from φλέψ (phléps, “vein”). By surface analysis, phlebo- + -tomy.
melena
From New Latin, based on Ancient Greek μέλαινα (mélaina, “black”).
pomatum
From Medieval Latin pomatum (“cider, ointment”), from Latin pōmum (“fruit, apple”) + -ātum (“-ate: forming nouns”). Doublet of pomate, pomade, and pomace.
oldness
From Middle English oldnesse, from Old English ealdnes, ealdnyss (“oldness; age”), equivalent to old + -ness.
oligarchic
From Late Latin oligarchicus, from Ancient Greek ὀλιγαρχικός (oligarkhikós). By surface analysis, oligarch + -ic.
saki
Compare French saki and Portuguese saki, ultimately probably from a Tupian name sagui, compare sagoin.
Borrowed from Persian سَاقِی (sâqi), from the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam.
solemnize
From Middle English solempnisen, from Old French solemnisier, from Medieval Latin solemnizare, from Latin solemnis.
prosecutrix
Learned borrowing from Latin prōsecūtrīx. By surface analysis, prosecutor + -trix.
homousious
From Ancient Greek ὁμοούσιος (homooúsios), from ὁμός (homós) + οὐσία (ousía) + -ος (-os).
resaca
From Spanish resaca, probably from resacar (“retake”), though possibly from rio seco (“dry river”) instead.
stockfish
Inherited from Middle English stokfissh, stokfysch, from Middle Dutch stocvisch and/or Middle Low German stokvisch (“stick fish”), because the fish are dried on sticks or poles. Equivalent to stock + fish.
Borrowed from Afrikaans stokvis, from Dutch stokvis.
cri de coeur
From French cri du cœur, meaning approximately “a cry from the heart”.
opsonin
From Ancient Greek ὀψωνέω (opsōnéō, “to purchase provisions, to buy victuals, to cater”) + -in.
amphiboly
From Old French amphibolie, from Latin amphibolia, from Ancient Greek ἀμφιβολία (amphibolía, “ambiguity”).
Quincy
A Norman surname of Old French origin, from a place name Quincy or Quincey in France, ultimately from Latin Quintus (“fifth [born]”).
Use in reference to toilets derives from President John Quincy Adams, who was the first to have one installed at the White House.
cinchona
From New Latin cinchona, from Spanish Chinchón. Named by Carl Linnaeus after Ana de Osorio, 4th Countess of Chinchón (1599–1625), the wife of the Spanish Viceroy of Peru, who was allegedly cured of a fever by the bark.
dumbness
From Middle English dombenesse, from Old English dumbnes; equivalent to dumb + -ness. Cognate with Old Frisian dumbnisse (“folly, dumbness”).
frou-frou
Borrowed from French frou-frou, an onomatopoeia.
denary
From Middle English denarie, from the Latin dēnārius, used elliptically for dēnārius nummus (“denary coin, coin containing ten asses”). Piecewise doublet of etymology 2 below. Doublet of dinar, denar, and denier.
First attested in 1577; from the Latin dēnārius (“containing ten”), from dēnī (“ten each, ten at a time”) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary).
xenagogue
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ξεναγωγός (xenagōgós), from ξένος (xénos, “foreigner; guest; stranger”, noun) (possibly ultimately Pre-Greek) + ἀγωγός (agōgós, “(adjective) guiding, leading; (noun) escort, guide”) (from ᾰ̓́γω (ắgō, “to bring along, lead”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”)) + -ός (-ós, suffix forming agentive or patientive adjectives and nouns)). By surface analysis, xen- (prefix meaning ‘relating to foreigners or strangers’) + -agogue (suffix denoting something leading to another thing).
dumdum
From Dum Dum, a city in India where the type of bullet was developed, from Hindi दम दम (dam dam) (Bengali দমদম (domodom)), from Hindi दमदमा (damadmā, “tenaille, a raised mound or battery”).
sandman
From sand + -man. The mythological sense may be from German Sandmann, Sandmännchen, as it is apparently first attested in English in the context of E.T.A. Hoffmann’s novella The Sandman (1816). The German is attested in the relevant sense since at least the mid-18th century.
durum
Borrowing from Latin dūrum, nominative neuter singular of dūrus (“hard”). Doublet of dour and dure.
revue
Borrowed from French revue (literally “review”). Doublet of review, which it replaced in these senses.
quod erat demonstrandum
Borrowed from Latin quod erat dēmōnstrandum (“that which was to be proved”), calqued from Ancient Greek ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι (hóper édei deîxai, “precisely what was required to be proved”).
giantess
From Middle English geauntesse, geaunesse, from Old French; equivalent to giant + -ess.
gingham
From Malay genggang (“ajar; apart”), or a corruption of French Guingamp, the name of a town in Brittany, France, where this cloth may have been made.
shana tova
From Hebrew שָׁנָה טוֹבָה (shaná tová, “Happy New Year”, literally “good year”).
pastrami
Borrowed from Yiddish פּאַסטראַמע (pastrame), from Romanian pastramă, from Ottoman Turkish باصدرمه (modern Turkish pastırma), a variation of bastırma (“dried meat”), from root bas- (“to press”). It is sometimes claimed that the origin of the Turkish word is Greek παστώνω (pastóno, “I salt”), from Ancient Greek παστός (pastós, “sprinkled with salt, salted”). The English spelling ending in -mi is probably from the influence of salami.
autoroute
Unadapted borrowing from French autoroute, equivalent to auto- (automobile) + route.
best laid plans
Shortened form of “the best laid plans of mice and men often go awry”, translated from Scots “The best laid schemes o' Mice an' Men, / Gang aft agley,” from To A Mouse, On Turning Her Up In Her Nest With The Plough by Robert Burns (text and reading of poem).
praedial
From Medieval Latin praediālis, from Latin praedium (“farm, estate, land”).
Empedocles
From Ancient Greek Ἐμπεδοκλῆς (Empedoklês).
dere
From Middle English dere, from Old English dæru, daru (“injury, hurt, harm, damage, calamity; loss, deprivation”), from Proto-West Germanic *daru, from Proto-Germanic *darō (“damage, injury”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂, from *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch dare, dere, Low German dere, Old High German tara, Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁 (dārā), Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā).
From Middle English deren, from Old English derian (“to damage, injure, hurt, harm”), from Proto-West Germanic *darjan (“to injure, harm”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian dera (“to injure, damage”), West Frisian deare, derre (“to harm, injure”), Dutch deren (“to injure, damage, scathe”), Middle High German tern (“to injure”). Related to dart.
yestreen
From Middle English yestreen, alteration of yestereven (“last night, yesterday evening”), from Old English ġiestranǣfen (“yesterday evening”), equivalent to yester- + e'en (“evening”). Cognate with West Frisian justerjûn (“yestreen; last night”).
tercelet
Inherited from Middle English tercelet, from Old French tercelet; equivalent to tiercel + -et.
altepetl
From Classical Nahuatl āltepētl, from ātl tepētl, literally “water [and] hill”.
lipase
Borrowed from French lipase. By surface analysis, lipo- + -ase
enounce
From French énoncer, from Latin ēnuntiō. Doublet of enunciate.
Inga
From Danish, Norwegian, Swedish Inga etc., all from Old Norse Inga.
shinobi
From Japanese 忍び (しのび, shinobi), from 忍ぶ (しのぶ, shinobu, “to conceal oneself”).
chalcedony
Borrowed from Latin chalcēdōnius, from Ancient Greek χαλκηδόνιος (khalkēdónios), from Ancient Greek χαλκηδών (khalkēdṓn), cognate to Arabic كَرْكَنْد (karkand).
glacis
Borrowed from French glacis (“slippery surface”), derived from Old French glacier (“to glide; freeze”), the former from Latin glaciāre (“to freeze”), from glaciēs (“ice”), of uncertain origin.
Cognates
* Medieval Latin glatia (“incline in front of a fortification”)
divot
1530s, Scots divot (“turf”), also spelt devat, diffat, and the earliest form (1435), duvat(e), from Scottish Gaelic dubhad, a reduced form of dubh-fhàd, literally “black sod” (compare fàl (“turf, sod”)).
Nablus
From Ottoman Turkish نابلس (Nablus) and Arabic نَابُلُس (Nābulus), from Byzantine Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), from Ancient Greek νέᾱ́ (néā́, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city, city-state”). Doublet of Nabeul, Naples, Napoli, Neapoli, and Neapolis.
plestor
Alteration of Middle English *pleystow, from Old English pleġstōw (“playground, gymnasium, amphitheater, a place for a play, wrestling-place”). More at playstow.
officiant
From Medieval Latin officiāns, present participle of officiō, officiāre (“to perform a duty or service”) (not to be confused with Classical officiō, officere (“to obstruct, hinder”)), a denominal verb from officium (“duty, service”).
celebrant
From French célébrant, from Latin celebrāns, present participle of celebrō, equivalent to celebrate + -ant.
polychete
From Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many”) + χαίτη (khaítē, “chaeta”), equivalent to poly- + chaeta.
clowder
A variation, recorded since 1801, of clutter, itself from clot, from Old English clott (“round mass, lump”), from Proto-Germanic *klūtaz (hence cognate with Dutch kloot (“ball, testicle”), Danish klods (“a block, lump”) and German Klotz (“lump, block”)).
Dalmatia
From Latin Dalmatia, from an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae who lived in the region. Believed to be borrowed from Illyrian, akin to Albanian delmë, dele (“sheep”). The toponym Delminium has the same origin.