MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
sayonara
Borrowed from Japanese さようなら (sayōnara, “farewell”, literally “if that's the way it is”) or its shorter, less traditional form さよなら (sayonara).
punctual
Borrowed from Medieval Latin pūnctuālis (“relating to a point”), from Late Latin pūnctus (“point”) + -ālis (adjective suffix).
Plutonian
The adjective is derived from Latin Plūtōnius (“of or relating to Pluto, Greek and Roman god of the underworld”) + -an (suffix forming adjectives). Plūtōnius is from Ancient Greek Πλουτώνιος (Ploutṓnios, “of or relating to Pluto”), from Πλούτων (Ploútōn, “Pluto”) (from πλοῦτος (ploûtos, “riches, wealth”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to fly; to flow; to run”)) + -ων (-ōn)) + -ιος (-ios, suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Middle French plutonien (modern French plutonien). The noun is derived from the adjective.
hemin
From Ancient Greek αἷμᾰ (haîmă, “blood”) + -in. By surface analysis, hem- + -in.
ens
From Late Latin ēns (“thing”), from esse (“to be”). See entity.
denominative
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *de
Proto-Indo-European *-h₁
Proto-Indo-European *déh₁
Proto-Italic *dē
Late Latin dē
Late Latin dē-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥
Proto-Italic *nōmn̥
Late Latin nōmen
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Late Latin -ō
Late Latin nōminō
Late Latin dēnōminō
Proto-Indo-European *-wós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.
Late Latin -īvus
Late Latin dēnōminātīvusbor.
English denominative
From Late Latin dēnōminātīvus, a calque of Ancient Greek παρώνυμος (parṓnumos, “derivative”). It originally had the meaning “derived”, but in its grammatical sense, it has developed the meaning “from a noun”, perhaps a reinterpretation of the Latin morphemes that it consists of: the preposition dē (“from”) and the stem of nōmen (“name, noun”).
goolies
Probably from Hindi गोली (golī, “ball; pill; bullet”) or a cognate in other Indian languages.
steal
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *stelaną
Proto-West Germanic *stelan
Old English stelan
Middle English stelen
English steal
Inherited from Middle English stelen, from Old English stelan, from Proto-West Germanic *stelan, from Proto-Germanic *stelaną.
Cognate with Bavarian stöhn (“to steal”), Dutch stelen (“to steal”), German, Low German stehlen (“to steal”), Luxembourgish stielen (“to steal”), Danish stjæle (“to steal”), Faroese stjala (“to steal”), Icelandic stela (“to steal”), Norwegian Bokmål stjele (“to steal”), Norwegian Nynorsk stela, stele (“to steal”), Swedish stjäla (“to steal”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (stilan, “to steal”). For the meaning development compare with Russian красть (krastʹ, “to steal”) and Russian кра́сться (krástʹsja, “to stalk, to prowl, to slink”).
etymology notes
Proposed etymologies beyond Germanic are numerous and include
* Proto-Indo-European *ster-: compare Welsh herw (“theft, raid”), Ancient Greek στερέω (steréō, “to deprive of”)
* Proto-Indo-European *stel(H)- (“to stretch”): compare Albanian pë/mbështjell (“to confuse, mess up, mix, wrap up”), Old Church Slavonic стєлѭ (steljǫ, “I spread out (bed, roof)”), Ancient Greek τηλία (tēlía, “playing table”)
* Proto-Indo-European *tsel- (“to sneak”): compare Sanskrit त्सरति (tsárati, “creep, sneak up on”) and other forms under Pokorny 5. *sel- "schleichen, kriechen"
wainscot
From Middle English waynscot, from Middle Low German wagenschot or Middle Dutch waghenscote, assumed to be from wagen (“wagon”) (from Old Saxon wagan) + schot, meaning “partition, crossbar," which is from or related to skiotan (“to shoot”).
horologe
From Middle English orloge, from Norman oriloge, from Old French orloge, from Latin hōrologium (“sundial”), from Ancient Greek ὡρολόγιον (hōrológion). Cognate with French horloge, Italian orologio, and Spanish reloj. Doublet of Horologium and horologium.
canopic jar
From Latin Canōpicus, from Canopus + -icus.
obambulate
First attested in 1614; borrowed from Latin obambulātus, perfect passive participle of obambulō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
orcein
From French orcéine, modification of orcinol. See also orchil.
orchil
From Middle English orchell, from Old French orchel, orseil, from Old Catalan orxella (influenced by dialectal Arabic [script needed] ('urjālla)), from Italian oricello, from Latin ōricilla, diminutive of ōricula (variant of auricula), both diminutives of auris (“ear”)) + illa (a double diminutive suffix) or from auris (“ear”) + cula + illa. The name of the dye was influenced by the visual resemblance of the lichen used in production to a small ear.
anoia
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄνοια (ánoia).
Borrowed from Catalan Anoia.
Halacha
From Hebrew הֲלָכָה (halakhá), from the root הלך (“to walk”).
Enceladus
From Latin Enceladus, from Ancient Greek Ἐγκέλαδος (Enkélados).
blubber
The verb is derived from Late Middle English bloberen, bluberen (“to bubble, seethe”); and the noun from Late Middle English blober, bluber (“bubble; bubbling water; foaming waves; fish or whale oil; entrails, intestines; (medicine) pustule”), both probably onomatopoeic, representing the movement or sound of a bubbling liquid, or the movement of lips forming bubbles (compare bleb and blob, thought to be similarly imitative). As both the verb and noun are attested in the 14th century, it is difficult to tell which one developed first; the Oxford English Dictionary suggests that the noun may be derived from the verb.
Verb etymology 1, verb sense 1.2 (“to cause (one’s face) to disfigure or swell through crying”) is influenced by blubber (adjective).
fallow
[Alt: A photograph of a ploughed field.]
From Middle English falwe, from Old English fealh, fealg (“fallow land”), from Proto-West Germanic *falgu (compare Saterland Frisian Falge, West Frisian falig, felling, Dutch valg, German Felge), from Proto-Indo-European *polḱéh₂ (“arable land”) (compare Gaulish olca, Russian полоса́ (polosá)).
From Middle English falowen, falwen, from Old English fealgian (“to fallow; break up land”), from Proto-West Germanic *falgōn (“to fallow”). Cognate with Dutch valgen (“to plow lightly; fallow”), German Low German falgen (“to till; dig a hole”).
[Alt: A photograph of a light brown deer.]
From Middle English falwe, from Old English fealu, from Proto-West Germanic *falu, from Proto-Germanic *falwaz (compare West Frisian feal, Dutch vaal, German falb, fahl, French fauve), from Proto-Indo-European *polwos (compare Lithuanian pal̃vas (“sallow, wan”), Russian поло́вый (polóvyj, “wan, light yellow”), Serbo-Croatian plâv (“blond, blue”), Ancient Greek πολιός (poliós, “grey”)), from Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“pale, gray”).
halituous
From Latin halitus (“breath, vapor”), from halare (“to breathe”): compare French halitueux.
Wadjet
Borrowed from Egyptian wAD-t-I12 (wꜣḏt, “Wadjet”, literally “green one”), an allusion to the skin of the cobra. Doublet of Buto.
hypallage
From Latin hypallagē, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ὑπαλλαγή (hupallagḗ), from ὑπό (hupó, “hypo-”) + ἀλλάσσειν (allássein, “to exchange”).
eructation
Learned borrowing from Latin ērūctātiōnem, accusative of ērūctātiō (“a belching forth, burp”), from ērūctāre (“to belch, burp”). Compare Middle English eructuacioun (“belching, burp”), borrowed from the same root.
commode
Borrowed from French commode (literally “convenient”). Doublet of comodo.
odalisque
Borrowed from French odalisque, from Ottoman Turkish اوطهلق (odalık, “chambermaid”), from اوده (oda, “room”).
saeter
Borrowed from:
* Norwegian Nynorsk sæter (obsolete spelling), seter, and Norwegian Bokmål seter, from Old Norse sætr, setr (“dairy lands, mountain pastures; residence, seat; setting (of the sun)”); and
* Swedish säter (“mountain pastures”);
all from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną (“to sit”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). The English word is a doublet of sit.
respecter of persons
Probably originally from Acts 10:34 in the King James Version of the Bible, translating Koine Greek προσωπολήμπτης (prosōpolḗmptēs).
salt marsh
From Middle English saltmarsh, saltmerssh, saltmersch, saltmerch, saltmersk, equivalent to salt + marsh.
philodendron
From New Latin philodendron, from Ancient Greek φῐλόδενδρον (phĭlódendron), neuter of φῐλόδενδρος (phĭlódendros, “loving trees”). First known use: 1877.
Cameron
From Scottish Gaelic Camshròn, from cam (“crooked, bent”) + sròn (“nose”). Compare Campbell, from Scottish Gaelic cam (“crooked”) + beul (“mouth”).
An anglicization of Irish Ó Cumaráin, Ó Cumráin (“descendant of *Cumrán”).
Perhaps from Pictish *cam (“crooked”) + *brun (“hill”).
cretic
From Latin creticus, "of Crete, Cretan", from Latin Creta, "Crete".
couplet
From French couplet, from couple + -et. Doublet of cabaletta.
spondaic
From Latin spondaicus, spondiacus, from Ancient Greek σπονδειακός (spondeiakós, “(music) used at a libation”).
trochaic
Either via the French trochaïque or directly from its etymon, the Latin trochaicus, from the Ancient Greek τροχαικός (trokhaikós), from τροχαῖος (trokhaîos), whence trochee.
antimetabole
From Ancient Greek ἀντιμεταβολή (antimetabolḗ). By surface analysis, anti- (“opposite”) + Ancient Greek μετᾰβολή (metăbolḗ, “transformation”).
cassis
Borrowed from French cassis (“black currant”), probably from Latin cassia, from Hebrew קציעה (qetzi'ah).
kiasi
Borrowed from Hokkien 驚死／惊死 (kiaⁿ-sí, “afraid to die”).
swirl
From Middle English swirlen (“to eddy, swirl”), probably from Old Norse *svirla (“to swirl”), a frequentative form of Old Norse sverra (“to swing, twirl”). Cognate with Scots swirl, sworl (“to eddy, swirl”), Norwegian Nynorsk svirla (“to whirl around; swirl”), Swedish sorla (“to murmur, buzz”), Dutch zwirrelen (“to swirl”). Compare also West Frisian swiere (“to reel, whirl”), Dutch zwieren (“to reel, swing around”), German Low German swirren (“to whizz, whirl or buzz around”), German schwirren (“to whirr, whizz, buzz”), Swedish svirra (“to whirr about, buzz, hum”), Danish svirre (“to whizz, whirr”). Related to English swarm.
patter
Noun is from Middle English pater, verb is from Middle English pateren.
Noun attested 1758, originally referring to the cant of thieves and beggers.
cesspool
From earlier sesspool. Origin uncertain.
Perhaps from Italian cesso (“privy, a toilet”) + English pool. Alternatively, an alteration of English dialectal suspool, from suss, soss (“a puddle; mire”) + pool. Another possible derivation is from a folk etymology (influence from pool) from earlier cesperalle, alteration of Middle English suspiral, from Middle French souspirail (“an air hole”), from soupirer, souspirer (“to sigh, breathe”), from Latin suspirare.
groaning
From Middle English gronynge (“groaning”), from Old English grānung; equivalent to groan + -ing. Conflated with Middle English gronende, present participle of gronen, from Old English grāniende, present participle of grānian (“to groan”). Analyzable as groan + -ing.
stela
From Latin stēla, from Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē). Doublet of stele.
meiofauna
From meio- + fauna. Meio- is from Ancient Greek μεῖον (meîon, “less”).
luminaire
Unadapted borrowing from French luminaire. Doublet of luminary.
discrepant
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is-
Proto-Italic *dis-
Latin dis-
Latin crepō
Latin discrepō
Latin discrepānsder.
English discrepant
From Latin discrepāns, present participle of discrepō (“to differ in sound, differ, disagree”), from dis- (“apart”) + crepō (“to make a noise, crackle”).
Musa
Transliteration of Arabic مُوسَى (mūsā), Persian موسی (Musâ), and Turkish Musa; ultimately from Biblical Hebrew. Doublet of Moses.
jojoba
Borrowed from Spanish jojoba, from O'odham hohowai.
blocker
From Middle English blocker, blokker, bloker, blokkere, equivalent to block + -er.
woad
From Middle English wode, from Old English wād (“woad”), from Proto-West Germanic *waiʀd, from Proto-Germanic *waizdaz (“woad”), from Proto-Indo-European *woydʰ-. Cognate with Old Frisian wēd (“woad”), Dutch wede (“woad”), German Waid (“woad”), and with French guède, Italian guado (“woad”) (both borrowed from Frankish). See also weed.
gelada
Borrowed from Amharic ጭላዳ (č̣əlada).
churchyard
From Middle English churchyard, chirch-ȝerd, chircheȝerd (also kirk-ȝerd, kirkeyard > English kirkyard), equivalent to church + yard. Compare also Middle English kurk-garth, kyrkgarth, kirrkegærd, from Old Norse kirkjugarðr (“churchyard; graveyard”). Replaced Middle English chirchetoun from Old English ċirictūn (churchtown).
kabillion
From billion. Possibly influenced by Arabic كَبِير (kabīr, “big”).
uncial
Attested 1650, from Latin uncia (“a twelfth part, ounce, inch”) + -al.
Jeremiah
Etymology tree
Biblical Hebrew הֵרִים
Biblical Hebrew ־יהו
Biblical Hebrew ירמיהlbor.
Ancient Greek Ἰερεμίας (Ieremías)lbor.
Latin Jērē̆mī̆āslbor.
English Jeremiah
Learned borrowing from Latin Jeremias, from Ancient Greek Ἰερεμίας (Ieremías), from Hebrew יִרְמְיָה (yirm'yá, “Jeremiah”, literally “Yahweh exalt”). Doublet of Jeremias.
Ezekiel
From Koine Greek Ἰεζεκιήλ (Iezekiḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יְחֶזְקֵאל (Y'ḥezqēl, “God strengthens”).
Hosea
From Latin Hōsēās, from Ancient Greek Ὡσηέ (Hōsēé), from Biblical Hebrew הוֹשֵׁעַ (hōšḗaʿ, “Hosea”), from the masculine singular imperative of הוֹשִׁיעַ (hoshía', “to save”).
Amos
From Biblical Hebrew עמוס (Amos, “to carry; a burden”).
Obadiah
From Hebrew עובדיה (Ovadya, “servant of Yahweh”); comparable to Arabic عبد اللّٰه (ʕabd-allah, “servant of God”).
Jonah
From the Hebrew יוֹנָה (yônâh, “dove”). Doublet of Jonas.
Nahum
Derived from Hebrew נַחוּם (nakhúm, “consolation”).
Habakkuk
Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew חֲבַקּוּק (ḥăḇaqqūq). The name perhaps comes from חָבַק (ḥāḇaq, “embrace”), or perhaps from Akkadian 𒄩𒄠𒁀𒄣𒄣 (ḫambaqūqu [ḫa-am-ba-qu-qu], “garden herb”).
Zephaniah
From Hebrew צְפַנְיָה (ts'fanyá).
Zechariah
From Hebrew זְכַרְיָה (zəḵaryā, “the Lord has remembered”).
carphologia
From Ancient Greek καρφολογία (karphología), from κάρφος (kárphos, “dry small thing”).
bubby
Perhaps from brother, as pronounced by young children who are not yet able to properly pronounce its complex consonants, but alternatively perhaps from Pennsylvania German; see bub. Compare sissy.
Variant spelling. (From Yiddish.)
lunge
From French allonge, from Old French alonge, from alongier, from Vulgar Latin *allongare, from ad + Late Latin longare, from Latin longus. Doublet of allonge.
skollie
Borrowed from Afrikaans skollie, from Dutch schoelje, from Middle Dutch schoelie.
culm
From Middle English culme, colme (“fragments of coal”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Old English *colm, related to Old English col (“coal”). Alternatively, perhaps from Welsh cwlm (“knot or tie”), applied to this species of coal, which is much found in balls or knots in some parts of Wales.
Borrowed from Latin culmus. Doublet of French calame, calamus, and haulm; further related to caramel, chalumeau and shawm.
Malachi
From Latin Mālāchiās, from Ancient Greek Μαλαχίας (Malakhías), from Hebrew מַלְאָכִי (mal'achi, malʼāḵî, literally “my messenger”), singular form of מַלְאָךְ (mal'akh, “angel; messenger; ambassadors”) with first-person singular personal pronoun as possessor.
Jeanne
From French Jeanne, from Middle French Jehanne, from Medieval Latin Johanna, variant of Latin Ioanna under influence from Latin Iōhannēs, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννα (Iōánna), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָה (Yôḥānāh, literally “God is gracious”), the feminized form of יְהוֹחָנָן (Yəhōḥānān) which produced John and its many doublets. Doublet of Ivana, Jana, Jane, Janice, Janis, Jean, Jen, Joan, Joanna, Joanne, Johanna, Juana, Shavonne, Sian, Siobhan, Shane, Shaun, Shauna, and Sheena.
Dina
Equivalent of the biblical name Dinah in several European languages, ultimately from Hebrew דִּינָה.
Borrowed clipping of longer names in many languages, such as Italian Dina.
Emma
Brought to England by the Normans; short form of compound given names beginning with a Frankish prototheme Ermin- or Irmin- "entire", from Proto-Germanic *ermunaz.
roofed
From Middle English rofed derived from the noun, replaced earlier Old English hrēfed attested in unoferhrēfed (“unoverroofed”), equivalent to roof + -ed.
ach-laut
From German Ach-Laut, ach-Laut, from ach (which has this sound) + Laut (“sound”).
arytenoid
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek ἀ̆ρῠ́ω (ărŭ́ō)
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Ancient Greek -τήρ (-tḗr)
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρῠτήρ (ărŭtḗr)
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Ancient Greek -νος (-nos)
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂der.
Ancient Greek -ῐᾰ (-ĭă)
Ancient Greek -ῐνᾰ (-ĭnă)der.
Ancient Greek -αινᾰ (-aină)
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρῠ́ταινᾰ (ărŭ́taină)
Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)
Proto-Indo-European *weyd-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wéydos
Proto-Hellenic *wéidos
Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *-ēs
Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs)
Ancient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs)
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρῠταινοειδής (ărŭtainoeidḗs)bor.
New Latin arytaenoīdēsbor.
English arytenoid
Borrowed from New Latin arytaenoīdēs (“ladle-shaped”), from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρῠταινοειδής (ărŭtainoeidḗs), from ᾰ̓ρύ̆ταινᾰ (ărú̆taină, “a ladle or cup”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).
adytum
Borrowed from Latin adytum, from Ancient Greek ἄδυτον (áduton, “innermost sanctuary; shrine”), inflected form of ἄδυτος (ádutos, “not to be entered”).
aquavit
From Swedish and Danish akvavit and Norwegian akevitt, from Medieval Latin aqua vitae (“water of life”). Doublet of aqua vitae and akvavit. Compare eau de vie, whisky, whiskey, and water of life from the same source.
aquaplane
PIE word
 *h₂ékʷeh₂
The noun is derived from aqua- (prefix meaning ‘water’) + plane (“flat or level surface”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”)).
The verb is derived from the noun, and is analysable as aqua- + plane (“to glide; to soar; to skim a water surface”).
ac-
From Old English āc (“oak”) (but not part of the etymology of acorn).
Assimilated form of ad- before c, k, q. Around 1500 the c was added to some versions of the a- prefix. From Middle English a-, from Old French a-, from Latin ad- (“to, toward”).
Assimilated form of a-. Around 1500 the c was added to some versions of the a- prefix. From a- (“on”), from Old English ge-.
metic
From Late Latin metycus (also metoecus), from Ancient Greek μέτοικος (métoikos, “foreigner, metic”).
Mehmed
From Ottoman Turkish محمد (Mehmed, Mehmet), from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad). Doublet of Muhammad.
Dinah
From Hebrew דִּינָה (dīna, "judged, vindicated"); see דין.
almondine
From Middle English almandin; equivalent to almond + -ine. Sense 2 is modelled on French almondin.
credo
Inherited from Middle English credo, from Old French credo, from Latin crēdō (“to believe”); doublet of creed.
tignon
From French tignon, obsolete synonym of chignon and cognate with tignasse, teigne.
chorister
Derived from late Middle English queristre, from an Anglo-Norman variant of Old French cueriste, from cuer (see Middle French cuer). Equivalent to choir + -ster.
hypothec
From Latin hypothēca (“pledge, mortgage”), from Ancient Greek ὑποθήκη (hupothḗkē, “warning, pledge”).
musette
From both of the following:
* Late Middle English musette (“type of bagpipe”), from Middle French musette, Old French musette (“type of bagpipe”) (modern French musette), from muse (“bagpipe”) + -ette (diminutive suffix). Muse is derived from muser (“to play the bagpipe; (figuratively) to flatter”), perhaps from musel (“muzzle (protruding part of an animal’s head)”) (alluding to a bagpipe player puffing out the cheeks), from Late Latin mūsus (“muzzle”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps expressive of protruding lips and/or influenced by Latin mūgiō (“to bellow, low, moo”), from Proto-Indo-European *mug-, *mūg- (onomatopoeia of the lowing of cattle).
* Borrowed from French musette in the 18th century.
Sense 2 (“small bag or knapsack with a shoulder strap”) is due to the resemblance of the original knapsack to the bag of bagpipes.
bluster
From Middle English blusteren (“to wander about aimlessly”); however, apparently picking up the modern sense from Middle Low German blüstren (“to blow violently”; compare later Low German blustern, blistern). Related to blow, blast. Compare also Saterland Frisian bloasje (“to blow”), bruusje (“to bluster”).
Cardiff
From Middle Welsh Caerdyf, equivalent to Welsh caer (“fort”) + Taf (“(River) Taff”) = fortified city on the River Taff. Compare Welsh Caerdydd.
yantra
Borrowed from Sanskrit यन्त्र (yantra, “instrument”).
From Bulgarian Янтра (Jantra).
inkhorn
From Middle English ynkhorn, inkehorn (“small portable vessel, originally made of horn, used to hold ink”), equivalent to ink + horn. Displaced Old English blæchorn, which had the same literal meaning but with the native term for "ink."
athame
From French athamé in a 1929 passage from É.-J. Grillot de Givry (see 1931 citation below), apparently from Medieval Latin artavus (“quill-sharpening knife”). Artavus was also mistranslated into artauo in an Italian manuscript. The arthame was conflated with the cortel nero (“black knife”) by Grillot de Givry, and that conflation was passed on to Gerald Gardner (whose 1954 book Witchcraft Today introduced Wicca to the public).
salt cellar
From salt + cellar, from 15th Century Middle English saler, from Middle French salier, from Latin salārius (“relating to salt”), from Latin sāl (“salt”). Modified based on originally unrelated English cellar.
saltwater
From Middle English saltwater, salte water, equivalent to salt + water. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Soaltwoater (“saltwater”),
West Frisian sâltwetter (“saltwater”), Dutch zoutwater (“saltwater”), German Low German Soltwater (“saltwater”), German Salzwasser (“saltwater”), Danish saltvand (“saltwater”), Swedish saltvatten (“saltwater”), Icelandic saltvatn (“saltwater”).
sanatory
Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *sānos
Late Latin sānus
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Late Latin -ō
Late Latin sānō
Proto-Indo-European *-tōr
Proto-Italic *-tōr
Late Latin -tor
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Italic *-ios
Old Latin -ios
Late Latin -ius
Late Latin -tōrius
Late Latin sānātōriusbor.
English sanatory
From Late Latin sānātōrius. See sanable.
sanitary
19th century, borrowed from French sanitaire, formed from Latin sanitas (“health”). Analysable as sanity + -ary.
solidity
From solid + -ity, from Middle French solidité, from Latin soliditās.
Shambhala
From Sanskrit शम्भल (śambhala, “Sambhal, a city in India”), from Sanskrit शम्भु (śambhu).
ptarmic
From Ancient Greek πταρμός (ptarmós, “sneeze”) + -ic.
parataxis
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παράταξις (parátaxis, “placement side by side”), from παρα- (para-) + τάξις (táxis, “arrangement”); equivalent to para- + taxis.
demagogy
Borrowed from Ancient Greek δημαγωγία (dēmagōgía). By surface analysis, demagogue + y.
reciprocate
From Latin recīprocātus, perfect passive participle of recīprocō (“to move back and forth”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from reciprocus (“back an forth, reciprocal, alternating”) + -ō (first conjugation verb-forming suffix), itself possibly from a phrase such as reque proque (“back and forth”), from re- (“back”), prō (“forwards”) and -que (“and”). See also reciprocal. Compare French réciproquer.
critique
Unadapted borrowing from French critique, from New Latin critica (“critique”), feminine of criticus (“critical”); see critic.
ambergris
From Old French ambre gris (“grey amber”). Though the term was initially spaced as two words, single-word forms predominated by the 19th century. In the 17th century, folk etymologies interpreting the term as amber grease or amber [of] Greece enjoyed some popularity.