MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Muzquiz
Borrowed from Spanish Múzquiz, a Castilianized form of Basque Muzkitz; this surname is predominantly found in Mexico.
Haegele
From the German surname, spelling variant of Hägele, Hagele, Hagen.
Driessen
From the Dutch and Low German surname meaning "son of Dries" or "Andries," ultimately cognate with the name Andrew.
Khosla
Borrowed from Punjabi ਖੋਸਲਾ (khoslā).
Maraj
Ultimately from Sanskrit महाराज (mahārāja). Doublet of maharaja.
Lewinski
From Polish Lewiński, from toponyms such as Lewin, Lewino, and Lewiny. As a Jewish surname, from the personal name Levin with a Slavic suffix.
Matar
From the Spanish and Portuguese habitational surname based on several places in the Iberian peninsula, ultimately from mata (“forest, woods”).
psammo-
From Ancient Greek ψάμμος (psámmos, “sand”).
Zacynthus
Borrowed from Latin Zacynthus, from Ancient Greek Ζάκυνθος (Zákunthos).
Tallulah
Borrowed from Cherokee Tallulah, name of a river in Georgia. See etymology section of Wikipedia article Tallulah River.
skoliosexual
From Ancient Greek σκολιός (skoliós, “curved, bent”) + -sexual, coined by DeviantArt user Nelde in 2010.
Kondracki
Borrowed from Polish Kondracki or Ukrainian Кондрацький (Kondracʹkyj).
enanthesis
From Ancient Greek ἐν (en, “in, intra”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”), i.e. “efflorescence from within”. Compare enanthem.
ombro-
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὄμβρος (ómbros).
laupele
From Samoan laupele from lau (“leaf”) + pele (from Proto-Oceanic *bele (“a kind of shrub”)- compare Fijian bele (“Abelmoschus manihot”)).
townman
From Middle English townman, towneman, tunmann, from Old English tūnman, tūnmann (“a town-dweller”), equivalent to town + man.
Gitche Gumee
Etymology tree
Proto-Algonquian *keʔči-
Ojibwe gichi-
Ojibwe -gam-
Ojibwe gichigamibor.
English Gitche Gumee
Borrowed from Ojibwe gichigami (“big lake; a Great Lake; Lake Superior”).
pseudoproct
From pseudo- + Ancient Greek πρωκτός (prōktós, “anus”).
Dziuba
Borrowed from Polish Dziuba or Ukrainian Дзюба (Dzjuba).
roseola infantum
Borrowed from Latin roseola īnfantum (“a rosy (rash) of the infant”).
Laodicea
From Latin Lāodicēa, from Ancient Greek Λαοδίκεια (Laodíkeia), from Λαοδίκη (Laodíkē) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming place names”), chiefly after Laodice I and other Seleucid empresses. Equivalent to Laodice + -a.
qirat
From Arabic قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ). Doublet of carat.
mudarabah
From Arabic مُضَارَبَة (muḍāraba, “venture”).
Papillion
Named after Papillion Creek, derived from French papillon. See also a quotation at opposit.
From Old French papillon (“butterfly”), possibly a nickname for a rash or inconstant person.
draniki
Borrowed from Belarusian дра́нікі (drániki).
skilandis
From Lithuanian skilandis, probably a native formation, derived from ski̇́lti (“to crack, spilt”). Or, from skilvỹs (“stomach, ventricle”).
liangpi
From Mandarin 涼皮／凉皮 (liángpí).
Andrey
From Russian Андре́й (Andréj, “Andrew”). Doublet of Andrew.
Kuc
Borrowed from Polish Kuc or Serbo-Croatian Kuč.
Osceola
Anglicized form of Creek Vsse Yvholv, name of an influential Seminole leader.
Beloozero
Borrowed from Russian Белоо́зеро (Beloózero, literally “white lake”).
Namoa
Borrowed from Teochew 南澳 (Nâm-ò/nam⁵ o³).
Chiuchow
Borrowed from Cantonese 潮州 (ciu⁴ zau¹). Doublet of Chaozhou and Teochew.
Kweilin
From the Postal Romanization of Mandarin 桂林 (Guìlín).
Wuhsi
From Mandarin 無錫／无锡 (Wúxī) Wade–Giles romanization: Wu-hsi.
Rataj
From Polish Rataj, Czech Rataj, Slovak Rataj, Slovene Rataj, Ukrainian ратай (rataj), and cognates in other Slavic languages. Ultimately, from Proto-Slavic *ortajь.
Anahuac
Borrowed from Spanish Anáhuac, in turn derived from Classical Nahuatl ānāhuac (“land by the waters”), made of atl (“water”) + nahuac (“close to”).
Paluch
From Polish Paluch, Slovak Palúch, Slovak Paľuch, Slovak Paľúch, or Ukrainian Палюх (Paljux).
paludarium
Ultimately from Latin palūs, palūdis (“marsh, swamp”) + -arium.
Suchan
Borrowed from Czech Suchan or Polish Suchan.
From Russian Сучан (Sučan).
Smolka
Borrowed from:
* Polish Smolka, Smółka and Smołka
* Czech Smolka
* Slovak Smolka
Badura
Borrowed from Polish Badura, Czech Badura/Baďura, or Slovak Badura/Baďura.
Buena Vista
From Spanish buena vista. Doublet of Boa Vista. Many of the American place names are named for the battle.
damnatio memoriae
Unadapted borrowing from New Latin damnātiō memoriae (literally “condemnation of memory”).
pechay
From Hokkien 白菜 (pe̍h-chhài, “Chinese cabbage”, literally “white vegetable”). Doublet of bok choy.
nuckelavee
From Orcadian Scots knoggelvi, from Scots neugle (“water spirit in the form of a horse”). Related to English nicker (“water demon”).
Bula
Two main origins:
* Borrowed from Polish Bula or Buła, from buła (“round object; fat person”).
* Borrowed from American Spanish Bula.
Stach
From Polish Stach, from Stanisław + -ch; or Czech Stach, from Stanislav. In some cases, from the German form of Latin Eustatius or Eustachius.
octavius
From New Latin octāvius, a misspelling or alteration of octārius.
Shenandoah
From Skenandoa, a 19th-century Oneida chief, from Oneida oskanu꞉tú (“deer”) or kanʌʼtú꞉saʼ (“hemlock”).
Missoula
From Montana Salish nmesuletkw (“place of frozen water”).
sebastokrator
Borrowed from Byzantine Greek σεβαστοκράτωρ (sebastokrátōr).
Dungeness
The first element is probably related to the nearby Denge Marsh, while the second element derives from Old Norse nes (“headland”).
satsebeli
Borrowed from Georgian საწებელი (sac̣ebeli).
Glomb
From Polish Glomb, Głomb, or Głąb, all from Polish głąb.
Sturgis
From the Old Norse personal name Þorgils, composed of the elements Þórr (“Thor”) + gils (“hostage, pledge”). The initial s- is not explained.
by Jupiter
From Latin pro Iuppiter. Ellipsis of a full oath of the form "I swear by Jupiter that…". Originally a literal oath; later a minced oath.
truncus arteriosus
Borrowed from Latin truncus arteriosus (literally “arterial trunk”).
Poughkeepsie
From a word in Wappinger Munsee, roughly U-puku-ipi-sing (“the reed-covered lodge by the little-water place”).
Thirsk
From a metathesized form of Old Norse þresk (“fen; lake”), of imitative origin, similar to Swedish träsk (“marsh”).
olfact
From Latin olfactus, past participle of olfaciō (“smell”).
mahuang
Borrowed from Mandarin 麻黃／麻黄 (máhuáng).
Hippodamia
From Ancient Greek Ἱπποδάμεια (Hippodámeia).
Jarema
Borrowed from Polish Jarema and Ukrainian Ярема (Jarema). Doublet of Jeremiah.
Yreka
From Shasta wáik'a, which means "north mountain" or "white mountain".
omnifutuent
From omni- + Latin futuēns, present participle of futuō (“fuck”).
Onslow
From Middle English Ondeslow, Ondeslowe, Ondeslawe, Andeslawe, Hundeslawe, Hundreslawe, Andreslawe, from Old English *Andrǣd (a male given name) + hlāw, hlǣw (“hill”) (literally, "Ander's hill").
Wapakoneta
From earlier Waughpaughkonnetta, possibly from Shawnee [Term?] (“place of the white bones”), or Shawnee [Term?] (“white jacket”).
Wailuku
From Hawaiian Wailuku, from wai (“freshwater”) + luku (“slaughter; destroy; devastate”). Named after flooding caused by the streams near the West Maui mountains, or the Battle of Kepaniwai in 1790, referring to the dead soldiers' bodies that blocked a nearby river.
gqom
Derived from an onomatopoeic combination of click consonants from the Zulu language, representing the sound of a drum.
knape
From Middle English knape (“a lad, boy”), from Old English cnapa (“a lad, boy”), from Proto-West Germanic *knappō.
Ripper
* As an English surname, from Middle English ripier (“basket”), from Old Norse hrip, from Proto-Germanic *hrepaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend”).
* As a Scottish surname, from Middle English reper (“reaper, harvester”) (modern reaper).
* As a German surname, variant of Ripp.
Urdaneta
Borrowed from Spanish Urdaneta, from Basque urdaneta (“pigsty”).
Ashwood
From Old English æsċ (“ash tree”) + wudu (“wood”).
Birky
From Ukrainian Бі́рки (Bírky). Compare Borki.
Kerin
* As an Irish surname, variant of Kieran.
* As a Slovene surname, from a derivative of Medieval Latin Quirinus, similar to Quirin, Kehr, Kirin.
Possibly also a variant of Kern.
Eichholz
From German Eiche (“oak”) and Holz (“wood”).
Pickerill
From Middle English pikerell (“young pike”), a nickname for a sharp and aggressive person.
Knobbe
From the German surname, from Middle Low German knobbe (“lump, knot”).
Verges
Various origins:
* Borrowed from French Vergès.
* Borrowed from Catalan Verges, a habitational surname from the town of Verges, Catalonia.
Chanda
Borrowed from Hindi चाँदा (cā̃dā).
Drohan
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Druacháin (“descendant of Druachán”), a byname deriving from a diminutive of druach (“wise man”).
Hadzic
Bosnian and Serbo-Croatian surname, from Serbo-Croatian Hadžić, a name of Turkish and ultimately Arabic origin. See Haji.
Pokhrel
Borrowed from Nepali पोख्रेल (pokhrel).
Lizcano
Borrowed from Spanish Lizcano, a variant of Lazcano.
Baten
Islamic surname, from Arabic بَاطِن (bāṭin, “inner”).
Nijjar
Borrowed from Punjabi ਨਿੱਝਰ (nijjhar).
Shevchuk
Borrowed from Ukrainian Шевчу́к (Ševčúk).
Sahni
Derived from Punjabi ਸਾਹਨੀ (sāhnī).
Schor
From the German surname, from Middle High German schor (“shovel”). See scheren (“to till, cut, prune”).
Mecum
Unexplained. Perhaps an Anglicized form of Irish Mac Thom (“son of Tom”).
Flaming
From the German surname for someone from Flanders, from Middle High German vlaeminc, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz. See Flanders, Fleming, and the variant Flemming.
Baluyot
From Hiligaynon, from baluyot (“sack”).
Aamodt
Borrowed from Norwegian Aamodt, a topographic surname from åmot (“confluence of two rivers”).
Dugdale
Habitational surname from Dagdale, a place in Staffordshire, from the Old English personal name Ducca + dæl (“valley”).
Horiuchi
Romanization of Japanese 堀内 (ほりうち, Horiuchi).
Hsiung
Borrowed from Mandarin 熊 (Xióng), Wade–Giles romanization: Hsiung².
Polan
From the Slavic habitational surname from Polyany in Belarus and Ukraine, from Proto-Slavic *poľe (“field, clearing”).
Kraska
Borrowed from Polish Kraska.
Borrowed from Ukrainian Кра́ска (Kráska).
Taborda
Borrowed from Portuguese and Spanish Taborda. This surname is mostly found in Colombia.
Pagaduan
Filipino surname of Ilocano origin, from root word Ilocano adu (“a lot”). See also kaaduan (“a lot, many, much, majority”).
Hauke
* As an English surname, spelling variant of Hawk.
* As a German surname, spelling variant of German Hauck.
Hemp
* As a German surname, pet form of the old Germanic name Hembrecht, composed of *haim (“home”) and *berht (“bright”).
* As an English surname, variant of Hamp.
Edstrom
Borrowed from Swedish Edström, from ed (“isthmus”) + ström (“stream, current”).
Saxby
"Village of the Saxons", from the Old English Seaxa (“Saxons”) + Old Norse býr (“farm; settlement”).
Schomaker
From German Schomaker (northern variant of Schumacher, Schuhmacher), from Low German Schomaker (“shoemaker, cobbler”), equivalent to Schoh + maken + -er (English shoe + maker).
Abdulkadir
From Arabic عَبْد الْقَادِر (ʕabd al-qādir).
Coste
* As a French surname, variant of Côte, Cote, a name meaning "coast," or from related place names such as Lacoste (la coste). Compare Decoste.
* As an English surname, shortened form the personal name Constantine.
Darocha
* Borrowed from Polish Darocha.
* Borrowed from Portuguese Da Rocha.
Dain
* As an English surname, variant of Dine.
* Also as an English surname, variant of Dean.
* As a Jewish surname, variant of Dayan.
* As a French surname, from the adjective dain (“nimble, agile”), presumably related to the noun meaning "deer."
Bullinger
Two main origins:
* Borrowed from Swiss German Bullinger, a habitational surname.
* Occupational surname for a baker, from Old French bolengier (“baker”).
Hegde
Borrowed from Kannada ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ (hegḍe).
Kawano
Borrowed from Japanese 河野 (Kawano) or 川野 (Kawano).
Slee
* As an English surname, variant of Sly.
* Also as an English surname, from the archaic Old English slēa (“grassy slope”).
* As a German surname, Americanized from Schlee.
Dexit
From German Dexit, from the blend of Deutschland (“Germany”) + Exit (“exit”), modeled on Brexit, from English Brexit.
Edberg
Borrowed from Swedish Edberg, from ed (“isthmus”) + berg (“mountain”).
Hinde
Originally a nickname from Middle English hinde (“female deer, doe, hind”), from Old English hind.
Tkachuk
Romanization of Ukrainian Ткачук (Tkačuk).
Creviston
One origin of this surname is an anglicization of German Grieffenstein. There are many variants, but "Creviston" was the adopted version for at least one family line.
Korf
As a German surname, from Low German Korf (“basket”) (see below).
Biggar
Probably from Old Norse bygg (“barley”) + geiri (“gore, triangular plot of land”), or from Old English beow + Old English gāra, same meaning.
Tappe
* As a north German surname, from a Low German representative of Zapfen (“tap, draw, spigot”).
* Also as a German (and sometimes English) surname, variant of Tapp.
Keelan
Two main etymologies:
* Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Céileacháin (“descendant of Céileachán”), a diminutive of céile (“companion”).
* Welsh habitational surname for someone from Cilan.
Nong
Borrowed from Mandarin 農／农 (nóng) or 儂／侬 (nóng).
Egloff
German and Swiss/Alemannic German surname, from the old Germanic name *Egilolf, from *aggju (“edge of a sword”) + *wulf (“wolf”).
Hallisey
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó hÁilgheasa (“descendant of Áilgheas”), a byname from áilgheas (“desire, craving”).
Danbury
"The stronghold of the people called after Dene", from Old English Dene + -ingas + byriġ, dative case of burh (“fort, castle”).
Aishwarya
Transliteration of Hindi ऐश्वर्या (aiśvaryā), a femininization of Sanskrit ऐश्वर्य (aiśvarya).
lithotecnon
From Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “stone”) + τέκνον (téknon, “child”).
Roussakis
Borrowed from Greek Ρουσσάκης (Roussákis).
ductus deferens
From Latin ductus (“channel, duct”) + dēferēns (“carrying off”), present active participle of dēferō (“carry off”).
Reisig
From the German surname, from the adjective meaning "sprightly, tall" (see below). Compare Reiser.
Karow
East German surname, from several places in Germany, some of them of Slavic origin, such as Karow in Jerichow. The first element is uncertain, possibly a name, and the second is the common East German placename suffix -ow, itself of Slavic origin.
Soh
From Chinese, Korean, and Japanese surname from 蘇 /苏 (sū). See Soh.
Repka
* As a Czech, Slovak, and Lower Sorbian surname, from Slovak Repka and Czech Řepka, from a diminutive of řepa (“beet”), compare Repke, Repa.
* As a Ukrainian surname, Russified from Ripka.
Ramberg
Borrowed from Norwegian and Swedish Ramberg, an ornamental surname composed of the elements ram (“frame”) and berg (“mountain”).
Duxbury
Habitational surname from a minor place in Lancashire, from the Old English personal name Deowuc or Ducca + -s- + byriġ, the dative case of burg (“fortified place”).
Edgemon
Perhaps a variant of Hedgeman. Alternatively, it may be an Americanized form of German Etschmann.
Novosad
Of Slavic origin:
* As a Czech and Slovak surname, from Novosad in Slovakia, from nový (“new”) + sad (“plant”).
* As a Ukrainian and Belarusian surname, from multiple places called Novosady, identical to the above.
Also Americanized from the Jewish adaptation of the above, Novosadski (mainly found in Poland, after the placename Nowosady).
Sauerwein
Borrowed from German Sauerwein (literally “sour wine”).
Wigton
From the Old English personal name Wicga, a byname from wicga (“earwig”), + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Tomer
* As a Jewish surname, from the Yiddish personal name תָּמָר (Tomer), from Hebrew תָּמָר, biblical character.
* As an English surname, variant of Toomer.
Gabae
Borrowed from Latin Gabae, from Ancient Greek Γάβαι (Gábai), probably from Old Persian *Gaba-. Possibly corresponds to Middle Persian 𐭢𐭣𐭩 (gdy /⁠Gay⁠/, “Sasanian Isfahan”), Parthian 𐭂𐭀𐭁 (gʾb, “Sasanian Isfahan”), Arabic جَيْ (jay, “[capital of] Isfahan?”).
Borrowed from Latin Gabae, from Ancient Greek Γαβαί (Gabaí), from Old Iranian; probably related to Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (gauua), 𐬔𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀 (gāuua, “a region near Sogdiana”) (attested as 𐬔𐬁𐬎𐬨 (gāum)).
Ker
* As an English and Scottish surname, variant of Carr.
* As a Hungarian surname, from Kér, name of a medieval Magyar tribe.
* As a Chinese surname, romanized from 寇 (kòu); compare Kou.
* Also as a Chinese surname, from 柯 (kē) (compare Ke) and 葛 (compare Ge).
* Also as a Chinese surname, from 郭 (guō), compare Guo.
Riso
* As an Italian surname, from a personal name said to be of Germanic origin, Oderisio.
* As an Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish surname, from riso (“laughter”).
Bongard
Various origins:
* Borrowed from German Bongard, from Middle Low German bom (“tree”) + gard (“garden”).
* A variant of the Dutch surname Boomgaard.
* Borrowed from French Bongard, a nickname for a servant, from bon (“good”) + gars (“servant; lad”).
Chhetri
From Nepali छेत्री (chetrī), variant of Nepali क्षेत्री (kṣetrī), from Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “protector of gentle people”), from Sanskrit क्षत्र (kṣatra, “rule, dominion, authority”). Cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 (x-š-a-y-θ-i-y /⁠xšāyaθiya⁠/, “emperor”), from which is derived Persian شاه (šâh).
Daignault
From the French surname, variant of Dagneau, a version of Daniel. Compare Daigneau, Daigneault.
Keir
Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic ciar (“dark”) or Old Norse [Term?].
Manners
Habitational surname of Norman origin, from the village of Masnières in France.
Hahm
* As a German surname, from the obsolete Middle High German hāme (“(standard) of measure”).
* As a Korean surname, variant of Ham.
Prabhakar
Borrowed from Hindi प्रभाकर (prabhākar), itself from Sanskrit प्रभाकर (prabhākara, “the light-maker, sun”).
Lehane
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Liatháin (“descendant of Liathán”), a diminutive of liath (“grey”).
Nabor
Spanish surname common in Mexico and the Philippines, from the Spanish and Catalan name Nabor, named after Saint Nabor, probably from Hebrew בָּרַר (“to choose (to be pure”)).
Kazanjian
From Armenian Գազանճյան (Gazančyan), a variant of Ղազանչյան (Ġazančʻyan).
Schepp
North German surname, from Middle Low German schepp, scheppe (compare shape).
Worku
Borrowed from Amharic ወርቁ (wärḳu).
Reitano
Borrowed from Italian Reitano, Italianized from Sicilian Rijitanu.
Crofton
From Old English croft (“enclosure”) + tūn (“farmstead”).
Sokolov
Borrowed from Russian Соколо́в (Sokolóv).
Burston
Various origins:
* The hamlet in Buckinghamshire is named with the Old English personal name *Briddel + þorn (“thornbush”).
* The village in Norfolk is named with Old English byrst (“burst, crack in the earth, landslip”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
* The village in Staffordshire is named with an unclear Old English personal name, perhaps Burgwine or Burgwulf, + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Ekstrand
Borrowed from Swedish Ekstrand, from ek (“oak”) + strand (“beach”).
Dack
* As an English surname, from the Old English personal name *Dæcca, also found in the first element of the town Dagenham.
* As a Dutch surname for a roofer, from a variant of dak (“roof”).
Gorostieta
Borrowed from Spanish Gorostieta, a surname of Basque origin.
Viscarra
Borrowed from Spanish Viscarra, from Basque Vizcarra.
Cannan
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Canann (“descendant of Canán”), a personal name derived from cano (“wolf cub”).
Habibi
From a suffixed form of Arabic حَبِيب (ḥabīb, “beloved”), from the root ح ب ب (ḥ b b) relating to love.
Hoh
* As a German surname, spelling variant of Höh, from Middle High German hoch (“high”); compare Hoch.
* As a Chinese surname, from romanizations of various surnames:
** 何 and 賀 /贺 (hè) (see He)
** 霍 (huò) (see Huo)
** 郝 (hǎo) (see Hao)
** 侯 (see Hou)
** Possibly also a variant of 胡 (hú) (see Hu), according to the 2003 edition of the Dictionary of American Family Names.
Llorente
Borrowed from Spanish Llorente, from Latin Laurentius.
Kempe
English, Scottish, and north/Low German surname, variant of Kemp.
Gopinath
Borrowed from Hindi गोपीनाथ (gopīnāth), from Sanskrit गोपीनाथ (gopīnātha, literally “lord of the gopis”), from गोपी (gopī, “cowherdess, milkmaid, cowherd’s wife”) + नाथ (nātha, “protector, patron, lord”).
Smillie
From a derivative of Middle English smel (“smell”), hence a nickname for someone notorious for giving off a smell that was obnoxious even by medieval standards, or for someone who made great use of perfumes and pomanders.
Rabbani
Borrowed from Arabic رَبَّانِيّ (rabbāniyy, “godly person”); this surname is predominantly found in Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Pliska
From Bulgarian Плиска (Pliska). The age of the city is unclear. Traditional claims that it was founded in the 7th century have not been supported by archaeological evidence.
Wintz
German surname, variant of Winz, shortened from old Germanic name beginnings with the element *wini (“friend”). Also sometimes shortened from Winzenz, German form of Vincent.
Zaruba
Borrowed from Czech Záruba or a variant of Polish Zaręba.
Sortino
Borrowed from Italian Sortino, adapted borrowing from Sicilian Xurtinu ~ Sciurtinu. Doublet of Sciortino.
Swanton
Habitational surname from any of various places in Norfolk, from Old English sweġen (“swain, servant, retainer”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Ratigan
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Reachtagáin (“descendant of Reachtagán”), a personal name from a diminutive of reachtaire (“administrator, steward”) or reacht (“law”).
Fujioka
Borrowed from Japanese 藤岡 (Fujioka).
Stenstrom
Borrowed from Swedish Stenström, an ornamental surname composed of the elements sten (“stone”) and ström (“stream”).
Verhoeven
Dutch, West Flemish, and north German surname, from Dutch Verhoeven. Doublet of Verove. Compare Vanderhoof.
Hambly
Two main origins:
* From the Norman personal name Hameley, a double diminutive of Hamo.
Dhingra
Borrowed from Punjabi ਢੀਂਗਰਾ (ḍhīṅgrā).
Cudworth
From the Old English personal name Cūþa or Cuda + worþ (“enclosure”).
Kochevar
Borrowed from Slovene Kočevar (a habitational name), from the Kočevsko region, in Lower Carniola, which is named after the city of Kočevje, a derivative of hoja (“fir tree”), altered under the influence of the German name of the city, Gottschee.
Queenan
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Cuineáin (“descendant of Cuineán”), a personal name derived from a diminutive form of cú (“hound”).
Clowney
From Old Welsh *Colün (“water, river”) + Old English īeġ (“island”).
Zegarra
Borrowed from Spanish Zegarra, a Castilianized form of Catalan Segarra. This surname is mostly found in Peru.
Tkachenko
Romanization of Ukrainian Ткаченко (Tkačenko), from Proto-Slavic *tъkačь (“weaver”).
Haverty
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó hÁbhartaigh (“descendant of Ábhartach”), a personal name of unclear origin.
Mesfin
Borrowed from Amharic መስፍን (mäsfən).
Magloire
Borrowed from French Magloire. This surname is mostly found in Chad and Haiti.
Saint Croix
The name of the island is derived from French croix (“cross”), the actual French spelling is Sainte-Croix. Named after the Holy Cross. Doublet of Santa Cruz.
The parish is named after the St. Croix River.
Ramani
Borrowed from Sanskrit रमणी (ramaṇī, “beautiful”).
Hemme
* As a north/Low German and Dutch surname, shortened from the name Hemmert.
* As a German surname, from Hemme in the district of Dithmarschen, itself possibly related to the name above.
Crawshaw
Habitational surname from the village of Crawshawbooth, in Lancashire, which is from Old English crāwe (“crow”) + sċeaga (“copse, thicket”).
Spieth
* As a German surname, from Middle High German spuot (“speedy, successful”), for which see modern German Sput. Compare Speedy.
* Also as a German surname, from the obsolete Middle Low German spit (“turf, peat”).
Unser
* As a south German surname, from the adjective sehr (“wounded, injured”) with the prefix un-.
* As a north German surname, from the small town Unsen in Hameln.
Rieken
From the German surname, spelling variant of Riek, Rieke, Rieck, and Riecken (also see Reich).
Kopka
From Czech Kopka, Polish Kopka, Slovak Kopka and Slovak Kôpka.
Polsky
From Ukrainian Польський (Polʹsʹkyj) and Russian Польский (Polʹskij), both meaning Polish.
Fok
* As a Dutch surname, spelling variant of Focke, itself from Volk.
* As a Cantonese surname, from Cantonese 霍 (fok3).