MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Lambeth
The name is recorded in 1062 as Lambehitha, from Old English lamb (“lamb”) + hȳþ (“hithe, landing-place”), and in 1255 as Lambeth. Equivalent to lamb + hithe.
bundh
Variant of bund, from Urdu بند; see that entry for more.
Variant of bandh, from Hindi बंध (bandh); see that entry for more.
Jyotis
From Sanskrit ज्योतिस् (jyotis).
Dagenham
From Old English Dæccanhām, having -ham. First appeared in a document (as Dæccanhaam) in a charter of Barking Abbey dating from 666 AD. The name almost certainly originated with a small farmstead, the "ham" or farm of a man called Daecca, of uncertain meaning, but compare þæc (“roof”).
taurolatry
From Latin taurus (“bull”) + -o- + -latry.
diabololatry
From Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos, “devil”) + -latry.
bandha
From Sanskrit बन्ध (bandhá, “binding, tying, fetter, bond”).
Utica
From Latin Utica, from Phoenician 𐤏𐤕𐤒 (ʿtq, “old”).
Zilch
From German Zilch. Found in America since at least the 1860s. As a 1930s placeholder surname of uncertain etymology, the eventual etymon of zilch.
octennium
From Late Latin octennium, from octennis (“8-year”) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns).
Harajuku
Borrowed from Japanese 原宿 (Harajuku, literally “lodging in the prairie”).
glown
Perhaps a survival of Middle English *glowen, *iglowen, from Old English glowen, ġeglōwen, past participle of Old English glōwan (“to glow”); equivalent to glow + -n.
veghar
From Armenian վեղար (veġar). Doublet of velarium.
North Downs
From north + downs. Downs, meaning "hills", coming from Middle English doun and, in turn, from Old English dūn (“hill, mountain”).
Shibuya
Borrowed from Japanese 渋谷 (しぶや, Shibuya, literally “harsh valley”).
maqluba
From Arabic مَقْلُوبَة (maqlūba, literally “upside down”), from the passive participle of the verb قَلَبَ (qalaba, “to turn, to flip”), named after the way the dish is served; variation in spelling reflects the different varieties of North Levantine Arabic or South Levantine Arabic the term has been borrowed from.
mudardara
Borrowed from North Levantine Arabic مْدَرْدَرَة (mdardara) (regularized to its Standard Arabic pronunciation, as if the name were the Standard Arabic مُدَرْدَرَة (mudardara)), an alternative Lebanese name for مْجَدَّرَة (mjaddara, “mujaddara”).
cysto-
Borrowed from Ancient Greek κύστη (kústē). By surface analysis, cyst + -o-.
tembleque
From Spanish tembleque (literally “trembling”), from its jelly-like texture.
prudhommie
Borrowed from Middle French preudhommie; later reborrowed from Modern French prud'homie.
Kubas
Borrowed from Polish Kubas, Kubaś, or Slovak Kubaš.
bundar
Borrowed from Hindi बंदर (bandar), from Classical Persian بندر (bandar).
bulat
Borrowed from Russian булат (bulat), ultimately from Persian پولاد or فولاد (“steel”).
dekchi
Borrowed from Bengali ডেকচি (ḍekci), from a diminutive of Persian دیگ (dêg, “pot”).
davakhana
Borrowed from Hindi दवाख़ाना (davāxānā).
mamlatdar
Borrowed from Hindustani مُعامَلات دار (muʻāmalāt dār) / मामलतदार (māmlatdār), Marathi मामलतदार (māmlatdār), Gujarati મામલતદાર (māmlatdār).
thot
From Scots thoucht, thocht, thoth, from Middle English thought, thouȝth, þauȝt, þauȝth, a variant (probably through combination with that, as in though that) of though, thogh (“though”). More at though.
Zenonian
From Latin Zēnōn (also Zēnō) or its etymon Ancient Greek Ζήνων (Zḗnōn) + -ian. By surface analysis, Zenon + -ian.
dabba
From Hindi डब्बा (ḍabbā, “box, container”).
gyaru
From Japanese ギャル (gyaru), from English gal, from English girl.
overclose
From Middle English overclose, equivalent to over- + close (adjective).
From Middle English overclosen, equivalent to over- + close (verb).
spelch
From Middle English spelc, or spilc (“little rod by which things are kept straight or a splint for binding up broken bones”), ultimately from Old Norse spelkur (“splints”).
shire-reeve
Compound of shire + reeve; calque of Old English scīrġerēfa (“shire-reeve; sheriff”).
extemporanea
From Latin extemporānea, neuter plural of extemporāneus (“extemporaneous”).
homme fatal
Adapted borrowing from French homme fatal (literally “fatal man”), after femme fatale.
four treasures of the study
A translation of Chinese 文房四寶／文房四宝 (wénfángsìbǎo).
sasanqua
From Japanese 山茶花 (sazanka), pre-WWII spelling: sazankwa さざんくわ.
kalkoentjie
Borrowed from Afrikaans kalkoentjie, diminutive of kalkoen.
Balle
Various origins:
* Borrowed from Dutch Balle, a reduced form of any of various Germanic names beginning with the element *balþaz (“bold”).
* Borrowed from Danish Balle, a habitational surname from balle (“slope; hill”).
* A respelling of Catalan Batlle, an occupational surname from batlle (“mayor”).
ashugh
Ultimately from Arabic عَاشِق (ʕāšiq). The forms ashugh, ashough are borrowed from Armenian աշուղ (ašuġ).
ashik
Via a Turkic language; ultimately from Arabic عَاشِق (ʕāšiq).
ashiq
Via a Turkic language, ultimately from Arabic عَاشِق (ʕāšiq).
gotong-royong
Unadapted borrowing from Malay gotong-royong.
ujjayi
Borrowed from Sanskrit उज्जायी (ujjāyī, literally “one who is victorious”).
adespota
From New Latin adespota (“anonymous literary works”), substantivised neuter plural of the adjective adespotos (“anonymous; undedicated”, of books), from Ancient Greek ἀδέσποτος (adéspotos, “anonymous”, of rumours or writings), from ἀ- (a-, “without”, alpha privative) + δεσπότης (despótēs, “master”). Compare despot.
allodoxaphobia
From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”) + δόξα (dóxa, “opinion”) + -φοβία (-phobía).
oxyrhynchus
From New Latin oxyrhynchus, from Ancient Greek ὀξῠ́ρρῠγχος (oxŭ́rrhŭnkhos, “a kind of Egyptian fish”) (whence also the place name Ὀξῠ́ρρῠγχος (Oxŭ́rrhŭnkhos), from ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s, “sharp”) + ῥῠ́γχος (rhŭ́nkhos, “snout”).
Borrowed from Latin Oxyrhynchus, from Ancient Greek Ὀξῠ́ρρῠγχος (Oxŭ́rrhŭnkhos).
philosopher of fire
A calque of Latin philosophus per ignem (“philosopher by fire”). Doublet of fire philosopher and philosopher by fire.
unwatery
From Middle English unwatri, unwattri, from Old English unwæteriġ (“unwatery”), equivalent to un- + watery.
maftir
From Hebrew מַפְטִיר (maftír), also through Yiddish מפֿטיר (mafter).
Lechite
The name is ultimately from Proto-Slavic *lęděninъ (“wasteland dweller”) and is the source of many Polish surnames, such as Lech. More at Lechite.
azotosome
From azote (“nitrogen”) + -o- + -some (“body”), from French azote (“nitrogen”) and Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”), a "nitrogen body", formed by analogy with liposome.
khokhol
From Russian хохо́л (xoxól, “Ukrainian (pejorative)”), originally meaning “topknot”, from Old East Slavic хохолъ (xoxolŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ, from *koxolъ.
cenobiarch
Simplification of coenobiarch, from Latin coenobiarcha (“abbot”), from Koine Greek κοινοβιάρχης (koinobiárkhēs, “abbot”), from κοινόβιον (koinóbion, “cenobium, monastery”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “rule”) + -ης (-ēs).
sharbat
Borrowed from Hindustani, from Classical Persian شَرْبَت (šarbat). Doublet of sherbet and sorbet.
bo lei
From Cantonese 普洱 (bou2 nei5-2), exhibiting "lazy pronunciation".
Durazzo
Borrowed from Italian Durazzo, from Latin Dyrrhachium, from Ancient Greek Δυρράχιον (Durrhákhion). Doublet of Durrës and Dyrrhachium.
Samudaripen
Coined by linguist Marcel Courthiade, from Romani samudaripen (“mass killing”), from sa (“all”) + mudaripen (“killing”), from mudarel (“kill”); compare holokausto.
offlay
From off- + lay. Possibly from Middle English oflæien (“to offlay; delay”), from Old English ofleċġan (“to lay down; put away; overlay; cover”), from Proto-Germanic *abalagjaną. Compare also Dutch afleggen, German ablegen.
rafida
Borrowed from Arabic رَافِضَة (rāfiḍa), plural of رَافِضِيّ (rāfiḍiyy, “rejector”) also passed as Rafidhi.
Aghlabid
From Aghlab + -id, from Arabic أَغْلَب (ʔaḡlab).
inexuperable
From Latin inexuperabilis, inexsuperabilis. See exuperate.
jacklight
* jack + light. Probably from jack (“a male servant of any rank”), later associated with a boy servant or any boy, and later still with a knave: a rogue, thief, or deceitful man.
* Possibly also related to Spanish jaque (“a bully”).
wolf's ticket
Calque of Russian во́лчий биле́т (vólčij bilét), calque of Polish wilczy bilet.
lauwine
Borrowed by Lord Byron from German Lawine, from Late Latin lābīna, from Latin lābēs (“fall”).
Pecos
Borrowed from Spanish Pecos, from a Keresan term for the Pecos Pueblo.
ahia
From Hokkien 阿兄 (á-hiaⁿ). Compare Tagalog ahiya.
From Hokkien 阿兄 (á-hiaⁿ). Compare Tagalog Ahiya.
Langya
From Mandarin 瑯琊 /琅琊 (Lángyá).
Leiotrichi
From Ancient Greek λεῖος (leîos) and θρίξ (thríx).
wedding soup
A mistranslated calque of Italian minestra maritata (“married soup”), which refers to the “marriage” of the vegetables and the meat.
Maradiya
Borrowed from Marathi मरडीया (marḍīyā). This surname is predominantly found in Maharashtra.
lymphangion
From lymph- + Ancient Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “vessel”).
gyneconome
From Ancient Greek γῠναικονόμος (gŭnaikonómos); compare gyneco-, nome.
theosophe
From French théosophe (noun), from Medieval Latin theosophus (“a theologian”, noun), from Koine Greek θεόσοφος (theósophos, “wise in things concerning god”, adjective), from Ancient Greek θεός (theós, “god”) + σοφός (sophós, “wise”). Cognate to French théosophe (noun), Spanish teósofo (noun).
kajawah
From Hindi कजावा (kajāvā), from Urdu and Classical Persian کجاوه (kajāwa, “kajawah, howdah”).
Akedah
From Hebrew עֲקֵדָה (aqedá, “the binding of Isaac”, literally “binding”).
almogavar
From Spanish almogávar, from Andalusian Arabic المُغَاوِر (al-muḡā́wir), from Arabic مُغَاوِر (muḡāwir).
trophus
From Latin trophus, from Ancient Greek τροφός (trophós, “feeder”).
mesne lord
Distinguishing the nature of the lord as intermediate (Old French mesne, "middle"), particularly as opposed to lords paramount and tenants-in-chief.
overnim
From Middle English overnimen, from Old English oferniman (“to take violently, take away, carry off, confiscate”), equivalent to over- + nim (“to take”). Cognate with Dutch overnemen (“to take over”), German übernehmen (“to take over”).
ampelo-
From Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”).
broken plural
Calque of Arabic جَمْع مُكَسَّر (jamʕ mukassar).
Kearns
Anglicized form of Irish Ó Céirín, a personal name derived from a diminutive of ciar (“dark”).
deliciosity
From Middle English delicissite, deliciouste, deliciuste, diliciousite (“delightfulness; of food: deliciousness; a luxury”), from Middle French delicieuseté (compare Medieval Latin dēliciōsitās) or formed within English from delicious + -osity.
anguiped
From Latin anguiped-, anguipēs, from anguis (“snake”) + ped-, pēs (“foot”).
Kondo
* (surname): From Japanese 近藤 (Kondō).
* (verb): After Marie Kondo (近藤 麻理恵), Japanese organizing consultant and author.
sinseollo
Borrowed from Korean 신선로(神仙爐) (sinseollo).
argamannu
Learned borrowing from Akkadian 𒅈𒂵𒈠𒉡 (argamannu).
Poo
Borrowed from Thai ปู (bpuu, “crab, a nickname”).
Anglistics
Modification of German Anglistik, from Anglist (“Anglist or Anglicist”) + -ik (“-ics”). By surface analysis, Anglo- + -ist + -ics, Anglo- + -istics, or Anglist + -ics.
balalaiki
From the Russian балала́йки (balalájki), the nominative plural form of балала́йка (balalájka).
Houghton
From Old English hōh (“ridge, spur”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
McClellan
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Mac Gille Fhaolain and Irish Mac Giolla Fhaoláin (“son of the servant of Faolán”), a personal name thought to be a diminutive of Irish faol (“wolf”). Compare the surname Gilliland.
Boulogne
From French Boulogne, from Latin Bonōnia. Doublet of Boleyn and Bologna.
Seward
Originally two distinct names:
* Middle English Seward, Siward, from Old English Siġeweard, from Proto-West Germanic *Sigiwardu, from Proto-Germanic *Sigiwarduz, from *segaz (“victory”) + *warduz (“guard”).
* Middle English Seward, from Old English Sǣweard, from sǣ (“sea”) + weard (“guard”).
Audley
From the Old English personal name Ealdgȳþ + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”).
algarrobilla
From Spanish algarrobilla, diminutive of algarrobo (“carob”).
Gifford
Two main origins:
* Habitational surname for someone from Broughton Gifford, from the Old English personal name *Gydda + -ing (“belonging to”) + ford (“ford”).
* From Old French giffard (“chubby-cheeked, bloated”), perhaps a nickname for a big eater.
Nugent
From the Norman habitational surname from any of various places in France called Nogent.
Worthington
From the Old English personal name *Weorþ + -ing (“belonging to”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Kingsley
"The king's wood or clearing", from Old English cynges, genitive of cyng (“king”) + lēah (“wood, clearing”).
Beecher
Two possible origins:
* A variant of Beech, with the locative suffix -er.
* An Americanized form of German Bücher.
Winslow
From Middle English Wynselowe, from Old English Wineshlǣw, from Wines (“Wine's”, personal name) + hlāw (“mound”).
Hogarth
Of Dutch origin, hoog (“high”) + aard (“nature or character”).
Fenton
From Middle English Fenton, from Old English fenn (“fen, marsh”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Egerton
From the Old English personal name Ecgheard or Ecghere + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
the-
From Latin theo- (“god”), combining form of theos (“god”); from Ancient Greek θεο- (theo-, “god”), combining form of θεός (theós, “god”).
Walsingham
From the Old English personal name Wæls + -ing (“belonging to”) + hām (“homestead”). First element equivalent to Vǫlsungr.
Colville
Scottish habitational surname of Norman origin, from the village of Colleville, in Normandy, of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse kol (“coal”) + the French habitational suffix -ville.
Bolingbroke
From Old English *Bulan (genitive of an unattested given name *Bula) + brōc (“stream”).
Saratoga
Corruption of a Mohawk word se-rach-ta-gue, sa-ra-ta-ke (“the hillside country of the quiet river”), which the early Dutch settlers interpreted as Sarachtoge. More at Saratoga.
Origin unknown. Perhaps a mispronunciation of New Latin Ceratodus (“an extinct genus of lungfish”), which is from Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth”).
Kenton
From either the Old English personal name Cena or cyne- (“royal”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Coningsby
From Old Norse *Konungsby, from konungs (“king's”) + -by (“farm, town”). Cf. Kingstown, Kingston, Coniston, Coniston Cold, Conington, &c.
Balfour
From Scottish Gaelic baile (“village, town”) + pùir, genitive form of pór (“pasture, grass”).
Albemarle
From New Latin, from the French city Aumale, from Latin alba marla "white marl."
Warburton
From the Old English personal name Wǣrburg + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Trevelyan
From Cornish trev (“farmstead; town”) + the Cornish personal name Elyan.
Mowbray
English habitational surname of Norman origin, from the village of Montbray, in Normandy. The name of the village comes from Old French mont (“hill”) + brai (“mud, slime”).
Eames
Probably from the genitive form of Old English ēam (“maternal uncle”).
McPherson
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Mac a' Phearsain (“son of the parson”), from pearsan (“parson”).
Wilmington
Meaning "Wilhelm's estate", from Wilhelm + Old English -ing (“belonging to”) + Old English tūn (“homestead, settlement”)
Shahrazad
Borrowed from Persian شهرازاد (šahrâzâd), alternative form of شهرزاد (šahrzâd, literally “child of the city”), from شهر (šahr, “city”) + ـزاد (-zâd, “child of”).
Herrick
* As an English surname, from Old Norse Eiríkr.
* As a Dutch surname, from an assimilated Dutch form of Henry (also see Henrick), or from the Germanic elements *harjaz (“army”) + *rīks (“ruler”).
* As an Irish surname, from Ó hEirc, "descendant of Earc," from earc (“speckled”). Compare Harkin from Ó hEarcáin.
Edgeworth
From Old English eċġ (“edge”) + worþ (“enclosure”).
Leith
From river-names derived from Proto-Brythonic *lleɨθ (“moist”) (compare Welsh llaith).
Pendleton
'The settlement beside Pendle', from Pendle + Old English tūn (“settlement”).
Ripley
From the Old English folk name for the Anglian tribe, *Hrype + Old English lēah (“woodland clearing”).
Linton
From either Old English līn (“flax”) or lind (“lime tree”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Josephus
From Latin Iōsēphus, from Ancient Greek Ἰώσηπος (Iṓsēpos), Ἰωσήφ (Iōsḗph).
Kebnekaise
From Swedish Kebnekaise, from Northern Sami Giebmegáisi, from giebmi (“kettle, cauldron”) + gáisi (“tall mountain”).
Likudnik
From Hebrew לִיכּוּדנִיק (likúdnik), from לִיכּוּד (likúd, “Likud”, literally “consolidation”) + ־נִיק (-nik, suffix denoting persons by membership, occupation or attribute). By surface analysis, Likud + -nik.
Ohoyamatsumi
Romanization of Japanese おほやまつみ (Ohoyamatsumi), historical hiragana reading of 大山祇 (おおやまつみ, Ōyamatsumi).
footganger
Perhaps from Dutch or Afrikaans voetganger (“pedestrian”, literally “foot-goer”), or a partial calque of German Fußgänger (“pedestrian”), equivalent to foot + ganger (“goer, walker, stepper”).
Cornwallis
As with Cornwall, ultimately from Old English Cornwēalas (“Cornwall, inhabitants of Cornwall”).
flexor digitorum superficialis
From flexor (muscle that bends) + Latin digitorum (genitive singular; literally "finger") + Latin superficialis (relating to the surface), in all, "surface bending finger muscle".
belandre
Borrowed from French belandre, from Dutch bijlander (whence also English bilander), equivalent to by- + lander.
adiopocere
From Latin adips, adeps (“fat”) + cēra (“wax”).
Dandenong
Named after the surrounding Dandenong Ranges, from a Woiwurrung term.
dombra
From Kazakh домбыра (dombyra) via Russian домбра́ (dombrá).
Szechwan
From the Postal Romanization of Mandarin 四川 (Sìchuān).
Wesak
From Thai วิสาข (wí-sǎa-kà-) via Malay.
al-Andalus
Unadapted borrowing from Arabic الْأَنْدَلُس (al-ʔandalus). See Andalusia for more.
Noguchi
Borrowed from Japanese 野口 (Noguchi, literally “field entrance”).
nostophobia
From Ancient Greek νόστος (nóstos, “a return home”) + -phobia.
Graecity
An adaptation of the Late Latin Graecitās (“the Greek language”).
terra sigillata
From Medieval Latin terra sigillāta (literally “sealed, stamped earth”).
Zend
Via Zoroastrian Middle Persian znd (zand, “understanding, interpretation”), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”), from Avestan verbal root 𐬰𐬀𐬥- (zan-, “to know, to understand”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-.
Zand
Borrowed from Persian زَنْد (zand, “Zand (member of the Zand tribe)”), from Laki. Further etymology uncertain.
From Middle Persian znd (zand).
Liangkwang
From the Postal Romanization of Mandarin 兩廣 /两广 (Liǎngguǎng, “the Two Expanses”).
Haft Seen
From Classical Persian هَفْت سِین (haft sīn, literally “[The] Seven S's”).
lidderon
From Middle English lidrone, from lidder, lither (“bad, wicked, false”), from Old English lȳþre (“bad, wicked, base, mean, corrupt, wretched”), from Proto-Germanic *lūþrijaz (“neglected, dissolute, useless, bad”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lew- (“slack, limp”). More at lither.
Strathclyde
An adaptation of Scottish Gaelic Srath Chluaidh, from Cumbric *strat (“river-valley”) + *Clud (“Clyde (river)”).
Kilmarnock
From Scottish Gaelic, from cill (“churchyard, chapel”) + the Saint name Marnock. The name is from Mo-Ernin-og (“my little Ernan”).
Stranraer
From Scottish Gaelic Sròn Reamhar (literally “fat promontory”).
Thurso
From Old Norse Þórsá (“Thor's River”). The Norse is likely an adaptation of the Latin Tarvodubron from a Proto-Brythonic reflex of Proto-Celtic *tarwos (“bull”) + *dubros (“water”).
friendsomeness
From Middle English frendsomnes, frendsomnesse, equivalent to friendsome + -ness.
daladala
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *dalą
Proto-West Germanic *dal
Old High German tal
Middle High German tal
German Tal
German Talerder.
Middle Low German dālerbor.
Dutch dalerbor.
English dollarbor.
Swahili dalaredup.
Swahili daladalabor.
English daladala
From Swahili daladala, duplicated call of dala (“5-shilling coin”), from English dollar, q.v. Compare US dollar van.
white devil
Calque from Chinese 洋鬼子 (yángguǐzi, “Western devil”).
Totonac
From Spanish Totonaca, from Nahuatl Totonacatl.
tweenlight
From Old English twēonlēoht (“twilight”, literally “double-/doubtful-/uncertain-light”). The alternative spellings are due to a misassociation with between, erroneously interpreting tweenlight as if it were a shortening of between-light.
progenitrix
Learned borrowing from Latin prōgenitrīx. By surface analysis, progenitor + -trix.
kurkar
Borrowed from Hebrew כורכר / כֻּרְכָּר (kurkár).
nosema disease
1909, translingual Nosema (“a taxonomic genus within the family Nosematidae”) + disease; a calque of German Nosemaseuche, coined from Nosema + Seuche (“epidemic, pestilence”).
Zapas
Borrowed from Russian запа́с (zapás, “stock, reserve”).
quintroon
Borrowed from Spanish quinterón (“offspring of a quadroon and a white person”).
koftgari
From Hindi [Term?] (“gold-beating”), from Persian [Term?], from کوفتن (kuftan, “to beat”) + ـگر (-gar) + ـی (-i).
volost
Borrowed from Russian во́лость (vólostʹ) and Ukrainian во́лость (vólostʹ), from Old East Slavic волость (volostĭ).
vargueno
Borrowed from Spanish vargueño or bargueño, from Bargas, the name of the village where it originates.
jumbie bead
From jumbie + bead. Jumbie is apparently from Kongo zumbi (“fetish, spirit”) or Kimbundu nzumbi (“god”). Compare zombie.
electropoion
From electro- + Ancient Greek -ποιός (-poiós, “producing”).
ergal
Coined by Rudolf Clausius in 1870 (On a Mechanical Theorem Applicable to Heat), derived from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon).
eutexia
From Ancient Greek εὐτηξία (eutēxía), from εὔτηκτος (eútēktos, “easily melted”), from εὖ (eû, “well”) + τήκω (tḗkō, “to melt”).
tumbaga
Borrowed from Spanish tumbaga, from Malay tembaga, from Sanskrit ताम्रक (tāmraka). Doublet of tombak.
panchaloha
From Sanskrit पञ्चलोह (pañcaloha), literally "five metals".
Romajikai
Borrowed from Japanese ローマ字会 (ローマじかい, Rōmajikai), from ローマ字 (ローマじ, rōmaji, “romaji, romanization of Japanese”) + 会 (かい, kai, “association”).
Gaekwad
From Marathi गायकवाड (gāyakvāḍ), from Marathi गाय (gāy, “cow”) + कवाड (kavāḍ, “door”).
arboriferous
From Latin arbor (“tree”) + -iferous, or directly from New Latin arborifer (“tree-bearing”).
chicalote
From Spanish chicalote, from Nahuatl chicalotl.
lethetic
Ultimately from Ancient Greek λήθω (lḗthō, “to forget”).
archconfraternity
From arch- + confraternity, calque of Ecclesiastical Latin archiconfrāternitās.
hanjie
Borrowed from Japanese 判じ絵 (hanjie, literally “picture puzzle”).
aryballos
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρύβαλλος (arúballos).
jubbah
Borrowed from Arabic جُبَّة (jubba). Doublet of jupe.
manograph
From Ancient Greek μανός (manós, “thin, rare”) + -graph.
periptery
From peri- + Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”).
odal
From Icelandic óðal (“estate”). Cognate with Norwegian odel, odal (“allodium, patrimony”), Old English ēþel (“homeland”). Compare athel, Odelsthing.
Borrowed from Tamil [Term?].
eau forte
Borrowed from French eau forte (“strong water; nitric acid (which is used in etching plates)”).
Eleme fig
Borrowed from Turkish eleme (“anything sifted and freed from dust or broken parts”), verbal noun of elemek (“to sift, eliminate”).
ergon
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon). Doublet of erg and work.
In philosophy, the word is loaned in its capacity as a technical term in Aristotelianism, in English usage following Alexander Grant, The Ethics of Aristotle (1857).
In classical thermodynamics, the term is coined as translating German Werk. Rudolf Clausius (1864) made a technical distinction between Werk and Arbeit, both translating to English "work", and suggested Ergon for the purposes of the translation of his terminology into other modern languages.
The author has used the German word Werk, which is almost synonymous with Arbeit, but proposes the term Ergon as more suitable for introduction into other languages. The Greek word ἔργον is so closely allied to the English word work, that both are quite well suited to designate two magnitudes which are essentially the same, but measured according to different units.
T.A.H.", T. A. Hirst (trans.), The Mechanical Theory of Heat (1867), Appendix A. to Sixth Memoir [1864], "On Terminology" (translator's note), p. 254.
Kachin
From Burmese ကချင် (ka.hkyang).
Nunc dimittis
Named after its incipit, Latin nunc dimittis (literally “now you dismiss”).
Norland
From Old English norþ (“north”) + land (“land”). Doublet of Norrland.