MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
physiosophy
From Ancient Greek physio- (“nature”) + -sophy (“knowledge, wisdom”).
proglottid
From Ancient Greek προγλωσσίς (proglōssís, “the tip of the tongue”), from γλῶσσα (glôssa, “tongue”). Spelling influenced by glottis.
mantelletta
Borrowed from Italian mantelletta, from mantello (“cloak, mantle”) + -etta (from -etto (diminutive suffix)), probably from Late Latin mantelletum (“a short, sleeveless cape or cloak; a mantlet”). Doublet of mantlet.
Adah
From Hebrew עָדָה (adá, “Adah”, literally “ornament, dawn”).
From Hebrew עָדָה (adá, “adah”, literally “ornament, dawn”).
Bose
Borrowed from colloquial Bengali বোস (bōs).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 百色 (Bósè).
Muspell
Borrowed from Old Norse Muspell. The ultimate origin is disputed, but one suggestion includes Latin mundus (“world”) + Proto-Germanic *spilþijaną (“to kill, ruin, murder”), thus meaning "destruction of the world." More at Muspilli.
Cognates include Old Saxon mūdspelli, Old High German muspilli. More at spill.
wet work
Calque of Russian мо́крое де́ло (mókroje délo).
circumduction
Borrowed from Latin circumductiō (“a leading or conducting around”), from circumdūcō (“to lead or draw around”) + -tiō (nominal suffix). Equivalent to circumduct + -ion.
theanthroposophy
From theanthropos, from Ancient Greek θεάνθρωπος (theánthrōpos), from θεός (theós, “god”) + ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “human”) + -sophy, from Ancient Greek σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”).
anhinga
From taxonomic name Anhinga or Portuguese anhinga, from Old Tupi anhinga.
schistosome
From translingual Schistosoma, from Ancient Greek σχιστός (skhistós, “cleaved, divided”) + σῶμα (sôma, “body”).
Naruto
From Japanese なると and ナルト (“Naruto”)
* (Naruto, Tokushima): From 鳴門市 (鳴門)
Borrowed from Japanese 鳴門 (naruto).
cruels
Corrupted from French écrouelles (“scrofula”). Spelling influenced by cruel.
osseous
Borrowed from Latin osseus (“bony, (attributive) bone”), from os (“bone”) + -eus.
Liebestod
From German Liebestod, from Liebe (“love”) + Tod (“death”).
cheder
From Yiddish חדר (kheyder), from Hebrew חֶדֶר (khéder, “room”).
meshuggener
From Yiddish משוגענער (meshugener, “lunatic”, noun). Compare Yiddish משוגע (meshuge, “crazy”).
sheitel
From Yiddish שייטל (sheytl), cognate to German Scheitel (“parting”).
mikveh
Borrowed from Hebrew מִקְוֶה (mikvé, “collection [of water]”).
Luang Prabang
From Lao ຫຼວງພະບາງ (lūang pha bāng).
perseverant
From Middle English perseveraunt, from Middle French perseverant, from Latin persevērāns, present participle of persevērō.
moonrat
From moon + rat, a calque of Malay tikus balan (tikus (“rat”) + bulan (“moon”)).
gymnure
From New Latin Gymnura, former genus name, from Ancient Greek γυμνός (gumnós, “naked”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).
pipistrelle
From French pipistrelle, from Italian pipistrello (“bat”), variant of vipistrello, from Latin vespertilio.
preparative
From Middle English preperatif, from Middle French preparatif and Medieval Latin prēparātīvus.
Avalon
From Latin Avallōnia and īnsula Avallōnis, from Proto-Brythonic *aβaln (“apple tree”), from Proto-Celtic *abalnā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl. Cognate with Welsh Afallon /Afallach.
muron
Borrowed from Ancient Greek μῠ́ρον (mŭ́ron).
Japhetic
The English Japheth or the Latin Iapetus, + -ic. Coined in the first half of the 19th century alongside Semitic and Hamitic.
potchky
Borrowed from Yiddish פּאַטשקען (patshken, “to daub, smear”).
moton
From Middle English moton, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old French, compare Norman moton (“chin”), from Old French menton (“chin; mentonnière, chinguard (of a helmet)”); alternatively, compare mouton (“sheepskin”).
vernation
From New Latin vernātiō, from Latin vernāre (“to be verdant, to flourish”) + -tiō (“-tion”, suffix forming abstract nouns), from vernus (“springlike”) + -āre (verb-forming suffix), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥. Equivalent to vernal + -tion.
whitlow
From Late Middle English, an alteration of whitflaw, with the first element deriving either from Middle Dutch vijt or Low German fit (“abscess”), borrowed from Latin fīcus (“fig-shaped (ulcer)”), though also influenced by white. The Latin loan also existed in other languages, such as Old English fic (“hemorrhoids”). See flaw.
paronychia
From Latin paronychia, plural of paronychium. From πᾰρᾰ- (pără-, “beside”) + ὄνυξ (ónux, “nail”) + -ία (-ía).
shriver
From Middle English shryver, from shrive + -er.
An anglicization of German Schreiber, originally designating a clerk or a writer.
kampong
Borrowed from Khmer កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “landing, port; river town; waterfront”).
tetrakis-
Borrowed from Ancient Greek τετράκις (tetrákis, “four times”).
gotch
From Ukrainian га́чі (háči), ґа́чі pl (gáči, “underwear”). Possibly back-formed from diminutive gotchies.
stearic
From French stéarique, from στέαρ (stéar, “tallow”) + -ique.
stearin
From French stéarine, from Ancient Greek στέαρ (stéar, “fat”).
kubasa
From Ukrainian ковбаса́ (kovbasá /⁠kowbasˈa⁠/, “sausage”, see there for more), a very early Slavic borrowing with no clear antecedent.
The Slavic variants (including Polish kiełbasa, whence kielbasa) point to several reconstructed forms from Proto-Slavic *kъlbasa, *klobasa, *kobasa. It is considered most likely to be borrowed from Proto-Turkic *kül + *bastï, literally “ash pressed”; compare Turkish külbastı (“roasted meat”), basmak (“to press”).
Dungan
From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym.
Chinese scholar Lin Tao compiles a list of possible etymologies in Donggan yü lungao (2007):
* From Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”) — by a Russian consul in Ghulja of the name Pavlinov.
* From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu) — by M. A. Terentʹjev.
* From Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity.
* From Turkic turmaq > turupqaighan > tunggan (“stayed behind”) — by scholar С.李双贵.
* From Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”), in reference to the Fen River — by Mantarô Hashimoto.
Lin agrees with the 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn) theory, having found during studies individuals who self-identify as 東岸子 /东岸子.
Hai Feng proposes in 2005 that it is from Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.
varenyky
From Ukrainian варе́ники pl (varényky), singular варе́ник (varényk), and related terms in other languages, e.g. Russian варе́ники (varéniki) and (particularly in Mennonite communities) Plautdietsch Wareniki. The Ukrainian term comes from ва́рений (várenyj, “boiled”), from вари́ти (varýty, “to boil, to cook”), from Old East Slavic варити (variti), from Proto-Slavic *variti (“to cook”) + masculine ending -ик (-yk). Compare вар (var, “boiling liquid; cooking, boiling”), from Proto-Slavic *varъ, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn, blacken”).
holubtsi
From Ukrainian го́лубці (hólubci), singular голубе́ць (holubécʹ). Doublet of golubtsy.
marabout
From French marabout, from Portuguese maraboto, marabuto, from Moroccan Arabic مْرَابِط (mrabeṭ) (standard Arabic مُرَابِط (murābiṭ, “soldier stationed in fortified outpost”)).
Cosmo
Borrowed by Scotland from Italy in the 18th century. An Italian variant of Cosimo, from the name Cosmas of a saint (martyred with his brother Damian in the fourth century), from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “order, ordered universe”).
Bowie
From Irish Ó Buadhaigh and Scottish Gaelic Mac 'Ille Bhuidh.
doldrum
The noun is possibly derived from dull or Middle English dold (past participle of dullen, dollen (“to make or become blunt or dull; to make or become dull-witted or stupid; to make or become inactive”), from dul, dol, dolle (“not sharp, blunt, dull; not quick-witted, stupid; lethargic, sluggish”); see further at dull), modelled after tantrum.
The adjective is probably derived from the noun.
epinicion
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπινίκιον (epiníkion).
recidive
From Latin recidīvus; compare Middle French recidive. Doublet of recidivous.
From Middle French recidive (modern French récidive) or its etymon Latin recidīva, from the feminine of recidīvus.
From Middle English resydiven, from Latin recidīvō, from recidīvus + -ō (verb-forming suffix).
thirtyfold
From Middle English þrittyfold, thritti fold, from Old English þrītiġfeald (“thirtyfold”), equivalent to thirty + -fold.
toluidine
Coined in 1845 by James Sheridan Muspratt and August Wilhelm von Hofmann who discovered the compound in the same year. They appended -ine to nitrotoluide, an obsolete term for nitrotoluene, which they reduced to get toluidine. Further, from German Nitrotoluid, from Toluid, an obsolete term for toluyl radical, both proposed by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1843 after tolu (Tolu balsam), which itself is from the Colombian city of Tolú, from Spanish tolúes (“name of a pre-Columbian people of the area”).
By surface analysis, toluene + -idine
licorne
From French licorne, semantic loan from Russian единоро́г (jedinoróg, literally “unicorn”), in reference to the unicorn on the coat of arms of count P. I. Shuvalov, who introduced this type of artillery piece. Doublet of unicorn.
campagnol
Borrowed from French campagnol (“vole”), from Italian campagnolo.
ecclesia
Learned borrowing from Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía). Doublet of Eccles.
amene
Inherited from Middle English amene, from Middle French amene, from Latin amoenus (“pleasant”).
uncanny valley
Calque of Japanese 不気味の谷 (bukimi no tani), from 不気味 (bukimi, “eerie, uncanny”, of Middle Chinese origin, literally “bad taste and smell”) + の (no, noun modifier particle) + 谷 (tani, “valley”). First used in 1970 by roboticist Masahiro Mori.
mean
From Middle English menen (“to intend; remember; lament; comfort”), from Old English mǣnan (“to mean, complain”), Proto-West Germanic *mainijan, from Proto-Germanic *mainijaną (“to mean, think; complain”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyn- (“to think”), or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *meyno-, extended form of Proto-Indo-European *mey-.
Germanic cognates include West Frisian miene (“to deem, think”) (Old Frisian mēna (“to signify”)), Dutch menen (“to believe, think, mean”) (Middle Dutch menen (“to think, intend”)), German meinen (“to think, mean, believe”), Old Saxon mēnian. Indo-European cognates include Old Irish mían (“wish, desire”) and Polish mienić (“to signify, believe”). Non-Indo-European cognates include Finnish mainita (“to mention”), Finnish meinata (“to mean, to plan, to intend”) Estonian mainima (“to mention”), Northern Sami máinnastit (“to tell”). Related to moan.
From Middle English mene, imene, from Old English mǣne, ġemǣne (“common, public, general, universal”), from Proto-West Germanic *gamainī, from Proto-Germanic *gamainiz (“common”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change, exchange, share”). Doublet of common.
Cognate with West Frisian mien (“general, universal”), Dutch gemeen (“common, mean”), German gemein (“common, mean, nasty”), Danish gemen, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gamains, “common, unclean”), Latin commūnis (“shared, common, general”) (Old Latin comoinem). For a similar change in definition, see vulgar.
From Middle English meene, borrowed from Old French meien (French moyen), Late Latin mediānus (“that is in the middle, middle”), from Latin medius (“middle”). Cognate with mid. For the musical sense, compare the cognate Italian mezzano. Doublet of median and mizzen.
fat
From Middle English fat, from Old English fǣtt (“fatted, fat”), from Proto-West Germanic *faitid (“fatted”), originally the past participle of the verb *faitijan (“to make fat”), from *fait (“fat”).
From Middle English fat, fatt, fatte, from the adjective above, and possibly from Old English fǣt (“fat”, recorded once), from Proto-West Germanic *fait, from Proto-Germanic *faitą, *faitaz (“fat”).
From Middle English fat, from Old English fæt (“vat, vessel, jar, cup, casket, division”), from Proto-Germanic *fatą (“vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European *pod- (“vessel”). Cognate with Dutch vat (“barrel, vessel”), German Fass (“barrel, drum”), Swedish fat (“barrel, dish, cask”). See vat.
From French fat (“conceited person”).
deturpate
First attested in 1623; borrowed from Latin dēturpātus, perfect passive participle of dēturpō (“to defile”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē- + turpō (“to make ugly, defile”), from turpis (“ugly, foul”) + -ō.
Bremer
Borrowed from German Bremer, equivalent to Brem(en) + -er.
FLE
From French FLE (“FLÉ”) (français langue étrangère).
Londonish
From Middle English Londenyssh, Lundenissc, from Old English Lundenisċ (“of or belonging to London”), equivalent to London + -ish. Piecewise doublet of Londonesque.
down-
From Middle English down-, doun-, dun-, from Old English dūne- (“down-”), from dūne (“down, downward”). More at down.
Manchukuo
A variant of the Wade–Giles romanization (Man³-chou¹-kuo²) of Mandarin 滿洲國 /满洲国 (Mǎnzhōuguó), from Japanese 満洲国 (Manshūkoku)/Japanese 満州国 (Manshūkoku), under influence from Manchu and Mandarin 滿洲 /满洲 (Mǎnzhōu) + 國 /国 (guó).
charpoy
From Hindustani چار پائی (cār pāī) / चारपाई (cārpāī), from चार (cār, “four”) + पाई (pāī, “feet”), thus literally “quadruped” or “tetrapod”.
prestation
From Latin praestatio (“a performing, paying”), from praestare: compare French prestation.
Pathan
Borrowed from Hindustani پٹھان / पठान (paṭhān). Doublet of Pashtun.
extravert
As a verb, from New Latin extrāvertō, from Classical Latin extrā- (“outside”) + vertō (“to turn”). As a noun and adjective, a back-formation from extraversion. Popularized in psychology by translations of German works by Carl Jung. By surface analysis, extra- + -vert.
cherry tree
From Middle English cherietree, cheritree, chery-tre, cherytre, chiri tre, chiritre, chyrytree.
baragouin
Borrowed from French baragouin (“unintelligible speech or writing”).
putten
From Middle English putten, puten, poten. Compare Scots putten.
pern
Presumably from a verb pern, a variant of preen, from Middle English prene; pernyng is read by some editors in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (v. 611) and interpreted as the present participle of this verb, also reflected dialectally as pirn (“reel; bobbin”). See also pirl.
optant
Partly (sense 1) borrowed from German Optant or Danish optant (both attested since 1907), partly from opt + ant.
silique
From French silique, from Latin siliqua (“a pod or husk, a very small weight or measure”). Doublet of siliqua.
duranguense
From Spanish el pasito duranguense, from Durango, a state in northwestern Mexico.
Bhattacharya
Borrowed from Bengali ভট্টাচার্য (bhoṭṭacarjo).
raffinose
From French raffinose, from raffiner (“to refine”) + -ose (“a saccharide”).
haa
Borrowed from Japanese はあ (hā).
Borrowed from Dzongkha ཧཱ་ (hā).
Katz
As a Jewish name generally explained as Hebrew כ״ץ (Katz), abbreviation of כֹּהֵן צֶדֶק (kohén tzédeq, literally “righteous priest”).
However, the name also exists among non-Jewish Germans, where it is derived from German Katze (“cat”, cf. English Catt), from various placenames (Katzenelnbogen, Katzenberg, Katzenstein), or even from a byform of Ketzer (“heretic”).
As evidenced by the Dictionary of American family names, several of these names are also found among Jews. Therefore it remains an open question to what extent the interpretation as “righteous priest” is secondary, given that it was a general practice among Ashkenazi Jews to derive or reinterpret names by phono-semantic matching (a prime example being Cohn, principally a German name from Conrad, but popularized among Jews due to the phonetic similarity with the word for “priest” mentioned above).
Chakavian
From the Serbo-Croatian interrogative pronoun ča (“what”).
havildar
Borrowed from Hindustani حوالدار (ḥavāldār) / हविलदार (havildār), from Persian حوالدار (havâldâr), from Arabic حَوَالَة (ḥawāla, “charge”) + Persian دار (dâr, “holder”).
tuille
From Middle English toile, from Anglo-Norman toille, tuille, taken to be variants of Old French tieulle (modern French tuile, from Latin tēgula, and thus a doublet of tile and tuile. The French term occurs in only one medieval work and the English term in only two (one a translation of the French work), where the interpretation of the term as referring to an armor plate is uncertain (words for cloth and weapons are spelled the same way and could have been meant instead). It has been suggested that the interpretation of the term as referring to an element of armor is an error by 1800s antiquarians.
Kaiserin
From German Kaiserin. The rose was named after Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein by the German rose breeder Peter Lambert in 1891.
Patavine
Borrowed from Latin Patavīnus, from Patavium + -īnus.
By surface analysis, Patavium + -ine.
trone
From Middle English trone (“a wooden beam or post used in public weighing, scale, balance”), from Anglo-Norman trone, tron (whence also Anglo-Latin trona), from Old Norse trönur (“a frame or framework on which trunks of trees are laid to be cut by the saw”), plural of trana, trani (“trunk, snout, name of a ship or sword”, literally “crane”). Cognate with Danish trane (“crane”).
Aylmer
From Old English Æþelmǣr, from æþel (“noble”) + mǣre, mær (“famous”). Doublet of Elmer.
critical theory
Calque of German kritische Theorie, first defined by Max Horkheimer in his 1937 essay “Traditional and Critical Theory”.
pleiotropy
Coined by German zoologist Ludwig Plate in 1910, from Ancient Greek πλείων (pleíōn) + -tropy; by surface analysis, pleio- + -tropy.
ring out
Calque of Japanese リングアウト (ringu auto), equivalent to English ring (noun) + out (verb)
Finnian
From Irish, variant of Fionnán; see fionn (“fair”).
askar
From Somali askar, collective of askari (“policeman”), from Arabic عَسْكَر (ʕaskar).
Borrowed from Arabic عسكر (ʕaskar, “army”). This surname is mostly found in Egypt.
homophene
From homo- +Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine, to show, to appear”).
matelote
Borrowed from French matelote, meaning "seawoman, female sailor"
armure
From French armure, from Middle French armure, from Old French armeure, from Latin armātūra. Doublet of armature and armor.
hemolysis
From hemo- + -lysis, from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + λύσις (lúsis, “loosening”).
cholic
From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”). By surface analysis, chol(e) + -ic.
pregnane
Etymology tree
Latin praegnāns
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Italic *-nos
Latin -nus
Latin -ānusder.
English -ane
English pregnane
From Latin praegnans + -ane, from praegnās, from prae- (“before”) + gnā- (the root of *gnāscor, an archaic form of nāscor (“be born”)).
mook
From the 1930s, origin unknown. Suggestions include a variant of British slang moke (“donkey”); a variant of US slang mooch (“a sponger, beggar, idler”); Irish muc (“pig”); Dutch mok, German Mocke, Mucke (both dialectal for “sow” and hence “slovenly or bothersome woman/person”); a corruption of Italian mammalucco (“fool”, literally “mamluk”).
Blend of magazine + book, nowadays a reborrowing from Japanese ムック (mukku).
allantoid
From French allantoïde, and its source, Renaissance Latin allantoides, from Koine Greek ἀλλαντοειδής (allantoeidḗs, “sausage-shaped”), from Ancient Greek ἀλλᾶς (allâs, “sausage”). By surface analysis, allant- + -oid.
aniso-
Representing a combining form of Ancient Greek ἄνισος (ánisos, “unequal”), equivalent to an- + iso-.
appendiculate
From appendix + -ule + -ate, from Latin appendicis, genitive of appendix.
gemination
Borrowed from Latin geminātiō, geminātiōnis (“a doubling”).
sandhi
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सं॒धि (saṃdhí, literally “junction; union”). Partial piecewise doublet of synthesis and synth.
interpretable
From the Late Latin interpretābilis, from interpretor; equivalent to interpret + -able; compare the obsolete French interpretable.
phane
Generalized from the suffix in cyclophane. Ultimately from Ancient Greek -φανής (-phanḗs), from φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine”).
hypso-
From ὕψ- (húps-), stem of ὕψι (húpsi, “aloft, on high”), from Ancient Greek ὕψος (húpsos, “height”). By surface analysis, hyps- + -o-.
hypsi-
From ὕψ- (húps-), stem of ὕψι (húpsi, “aloft, on high”), from Ancient Greek ὕψος (húpsos, “height”). By surface analysis, hyps- + -i-.
hyps-
From ὕψ- (húps-), stem of ὕψι (húpsi, “aloft, on high”), from Ancient Greek ὕψος (húpsos, “height”). By surface analysis, hyps- + -i-.
tattie cake
Borrowed from Scots tattie cake, from tattie (“potato”) + cake (“cake”).
Nusantara
From Indonesian and Malay Nusantara, ultimately from Old Javanese nūsāntara (“the outer islands”).
tattie scone
Borrowed from Scots tattie scone, from tattie (“potato”) + scone (“large circular cake baked on a griddle; a slice of such a cake”).
dynode
From 1939 from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis, “power, might, strength”) + -ode. By surface analysis, dyne + -ode.
panmixia
From New Latin panmixia, from Ancient Greek παν- (pan-, “every, all”) + μίξις (míxis, “mixing, mingling”) + Latin -ia.
exergonic
From Ancient Greek ἔξω (éxō, “outer, out”) and Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon, “work”) + -ic.
acrophony
From Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros, “uppermost, beginning”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).
From acro- + -phony.
quartan
From Anglo-Norman quartaine, Old French quartaine, from Latin quartāna (short for febris quartana), noun use of feminine form of quartānus (“recurring every four days”), from quartus (“fourth”).
bdelloid
From Ancient Greek βδέλλα (bdélla, “leech”) + -oid.
ostracod
From Ancient Greek ὀστρακώδης (ostrakṓdēs, “covered with shell”), from ὄστρακον (óstrakon, “clay pot; shell”); compare translingual Ostracoda.
rideau
Borrowed from French rideau (“curtain”), from Middle French rideau, from Old French ridel (“plaited stuff; cloth curtain; blind”), from rider (“to plait; to wrinkle”), perhaps from Old High German ridil (“a headband; a ribbon”) or rīdan, wrīdan (“to wrinkle”) (related to English writhe), from Proto-Germanic *wriþilaz, from *wrīþaną (“to twist, wind, wrap”). See more at riddle (“curtain”), writhe.
Garant
Occupational surname, borrowed from French Garant, from garant (“guarantor”).
roquette
Borrowed from French roquette. Cognate with rocket, see that entry for other cognates.
logopedics
from Ancient Greek Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos, “speech, oration, discourse, quote, story, study, ratio, word, calculation, reason”) and Ancient Greek παιδείᾱ (paideíā, “rearing of a child, education”)
amiral
From Middle English amiral etc., from Anglo-Norman and Old French amiral etc., from Medieval Latin amiralis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”).
geiko
Borrowed from Japanese 芸子 (geiko) (from the Kyoto dialect).
Concorde
Named for French concorde (“concord”), due to the collaboration of the UK and France in developing the aircraft.
termes
From the translingual Termes (genus name), from Late Latin termes, late variant of Classical Latin tarmes (“woodworm”).
subah
Borrowed from Urdu صوبہ (sūbā, “province”).
gainly
From Middle English gaynly, geȝȝnlike, geynliche, equivalent to gain (“straight, direct, convenient, favourable, kindly”, adjective) + -ly (adverbial/adjectival suffix).
Mithra
Transliteration of Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (literally “to bind”); cognate with Sanskrit मित्र (mitra, “friend, companion”). Doublet of Mitra.
blain
From Middle English blein, from Old English bleġen, bleġene, from Proto-Germanic *blajinǭ, *blajjinǭ, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to swell up”). Cognate with West Frisian blein (“blain”), Dutch blein, blegn (“blain”), Middle Low German bleine (“blain”). Related also to dialectal Norwegian bleime (“blister”), Old Swedish blēma (“blister”), French bleime (“an inflammation of a horse's hoof”).
semasiology
From Ancient Greek σημασία (sēmasía, “the meaning of a word”) + -ology.
Keziah
Borrowed from Hebrew קְצִיעָה (Qəṣî‘āh).
Kezia
From Hebrew קְצִיעָה (“cassia tree”). Compare cassia.
bandura
Borrowed from Ukrainian банду́ра (bandúra), possibly through Italian pandura and Polish bandura, from Late Latin pandura (“musical instrument with three strings”), from Ancient Greek πανδοῦρα (pandoûra, “three-stringed lute; zither”), perhaps from Lydian.
Herra
Borrowed from Spanish Herra. This surname is mostly found in Costa Rica.