MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
cacoethes
Borrowed from Latin cacoēthes, from Ancient Greek κακοήθης (kakoḗthēs, “ill-disposed”) from κακός (kakós, “bad”) + ἦθος (êthos, “disposition, nature”).
forthy
From Middle English forthy, from Old English forþȳ, for þȳ þe, forþon (“because, since”), from for + þȳ, þon (“by that, therefore”), instrumental case of þæt (“that”); Cognate with Yola farthoo (“why”), Old Norse fyrir því (at) (Danish & Norwegian fordi (“because”), Swedish för att). More at for, the, that.
denticle
From Latin denticulus, from dens (“tooth”). Doublet of denticule.
nigella
Borrowed from translingual Nigella, from Late Latin nigella. Doublet of nielle.
Handan
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 邯鄲／邯郸 (Hándān).
ghostless
From Middle English *gostles, from Old English gāstlēas (“lifeless, dead”), equivalent to ghost + -less. Cognate with Dutch geestloos, German geistlos.
Luger
From the German surname, from Lugau in Saxony, a placename of Slavic origin.
derogator
Borrowed from Latin dērogātor, from dērogō. By surface analysis, de- + Latin rog- + -ate + -or.
verklempt
Borrowed from Yiddish פֿאַרקלעמט (farklemt, “depressed, distraught; choked up”). The English spelling was influenced by the German prefix ver- corresponding to Yiddish פֿאַר־ (far-). German verklemmt (“uptight”, literally “jammed”) is formally cognate, but semantically unrelated; a closer match is beklommen (“anxious, despondent”). Popularized by a 1990s sketch comedy series.
synteresis
From Medieval Latin syntērēsis (in Thomas Aquinas), from Ancient Greek συντήρησις (suntḗrēsis, “careful watching”), from συντηρεῖν (suntēreîn, “to keep guard”).
neritic
From or Ancient Greek Νηρίτης (Nērítēs, “minor sea god”) or nerite + -ic.
Aleister
From Scottish Gaelic Alasdair, from Norman French Alexandre or Latin Alexander, from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros), from ἀλέξω (aléxō, “to defend”) + ἀνδρ- (andr-), the stem of ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”).
kinesia
From Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “motion”) + -ia. Compare kinesis.
Utsunomiya
Borrowed from Japanese 宇都宮 (うつのみや, Utsunomiya).
lexeis
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λέξεις (léxeis, plural).
Kaohsiung
Borrowed from Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 高雄 (Kao¹-hsiung²), from Japanese 高雄 (Takao) (whence also Takao), from Hokkien 打狗 (Tá-káu) (whence also Takau), from Siraya takau (“bamboo forest”). First attested in late 1945.
Taibei
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 臺北／台北 (Táiběi).
Gaoxiong
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin for 高雄 (Gāoxióng).
Matsuyama
Borrowed from Japanese 松山(まつやま) (Matsuyama).
Oita
Borrowed from Japanese 大(おおい)分(た) (Ōita).
manzil
Borrowing from Arabic مَنْزِل (manzil, “house, dwelling”).
cevapcici
Anglicised spelling of Serbo-Croatian ćevapčići (see ћевап).
dronkverdriet
From Afrikaans dronk (“drunken”) + verdriet (“grief, chagrin, sorrow”).
dumka
From Ukrainian ду́мка (dúmka), diminutive of ду́ма (dúma, “sung epic poem”).
snite
From Middle English snyte, from Old English snite.
From Middle English snyten, from Old English snȳtan (“to clear or blow the nose”), from Proto-Germanic *snūtijaną (“to blow the nose”). Cognate with Old Norse snýta (“to blow the nose”), whence Danish snyde and Swedish snyta sig, and with German sich schneuzen. Related to snout and snot.
leprosaria
Borrowed from Medieval Latin leprōsāria, from leprōsus (“leprous”) + -āria, now usually under the influence of Spanish leprosería.
Borrowed from Medieval Latin leprōsārium.
spadille
From French spadille, from Spanish espadilla, diminutive of espada. Doublet of spathilla.
oxyntic
Derived from Ancient Greek ὀξύνω (oxúnō, “to sharpen”)
Minangkabau
Borrowed from Minangkabau Minangkabau.
getai
Borrowed from Mandarin 歌臺 /歌台 (gētái).
kendi
Borrowed from Malay kendi, from Sanskrit कुण्ड (kuṇḍa) or कुण्डिक (kuṇḍika, “water pot”).
Huizhou
Borrowed c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 惠州 (Huìzhōu).
c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 徽州 (Huīzhōu).
Nanning
From the Mandarin for 南寧／南宁 (Nánníng).
Ha'erbin
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 哈爾濱 /哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn).
Nanking
From the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 南京, reinforced by Postal Romanization from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].
Yantai
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Chinese 煙臺 /烟台 (Yāntái, “smoke tower”), from a Ming-era signal tower on Mount Qi.
Abdias
From Latin Abdias, from Ancient Greek Ὀβδίας (Obdías), from Hebrew עוֹבַדְיָה (ʿovadyah).
marabunta
Uncertain. Perhaps ultimately from Kimbundu marimbondo, plural of rimbondo (“Sceliphron spirifex, a bright yellow and black wasp”), possibly via Portuguese marimbondo. Compare Sranan Tongo marbonsu (“wasp of the genus Polistes”).
Elul
From Hebrew אֱלוּל (elúl), from Akkadian 𒌗𒆥 (ⁱᵗⁱeluli, “month of harvest”).
gelation
From Latin gelātiō (“freezing”), from gelātus (“frozen”), past participle of gelō (“to freeze”).
several
From Anglo-Norman several, from Medieval Latin sēparālis, from Latin sēpar (“separate”). By surface analysis, sever + -al. Not related to severe or seven.
quaintrelle
Borrowed from Late Middle English queyntrelle (“person of fashion”), from Middle French cointerelle, from Middle French cointerel (“vain”) + -elle, -ele (suffix forming feminine diminutive nouns), possibly influenced by quaint. Cointerel is derived from cointe (“clever, intelligent; quaint”), from Latin cognitus (“known, recognized; acknowledged, noted”), the perfect passive participle of cōgnōscō (“to be acquainted (with), recognize; to learn; to know”), from con- (prefix meaning ‘with’) + (g)nōscō (“to know, recognize”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”) + *-sḱéti (suffix forming durative or iterative imperfective verbs from roots)).
semasiography
From Ancient Greek σημασία (sēmasía, “the meaning of a word”) + -graphy.
Dniester
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáHnu
Proto-Iranian *dáHnu
Proto-Scythian *dānu
Proto-Sarmatian *δān
Proto-Indo-European *sed-der.
Proto-Indo-European *nesd-
Proto-Indo-European *nésdyos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *názdyas
Proto-Iranian *názdyah
Proto-Sarmatian *nazdi
Proto-Sarmatian *Δānnazdibor.?
▲
Proto-Sarmatian *δān
Ancient Greek Ἴστρος (Ístros)
?
Proto-Slavic *Dъněstrъ
Old East Slavic Дънѣстръ (Dŭněstrŭ)
Russian Днестр (Dnestr)bor.
▲
Old East Slavic Дънѣстръ (Dŭněstrŭ)
Old Ruthenian Днѣстръ (Dněstr)
Ukrainian Дністер (Dnister)bor.
English Dniester
Borrowed from Russian Днестр (Dnestr) and/or Ukrainian Дністер (Dnister). The first element is from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river”), found in several other river names such as Danube and Донец (Donec); more at Danube.
fanega
From Spanish fanega, from Andalusian Arabic فَنِيقَة (faníqa, “sack”), from Arabic فَنِيقَة (fanīqa).
idolum
From Latin īdōlum. Doublet of aidoru, eidolon, and idol and related to idea.
Onuphrius
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὀνούφριος (Onoúphrios), from Egyptian E34:n:n-nfr-A40 (wnn-nfr, “the one who is continually good”).
antepartum
1908, from Latin ante- (“before”) + partum (“giving birth”).
bedrest
From Middle English bædræste, from Old English bedrest, beddrest, equivalent to bed + rest.
boda-boda
Etymology tree
Old French bordeurebor.
Middle English bordure
English borderder.
Swahili bodabodabor.
English boda-boda
Borrowed from Swahili bodaboda, from English border.
vetala
From Sanskrit वेताल (vetāla, “vampire, spirit, goblin”).
karyon
From the Ancient Greek κάρυον (káruon, “nut, kernel”).
philematology
From Danish filematologi, from Ancient Greek φῐ́λημᾰ (phĭ́lēmă, “a kiss”) + ologi (equivalent to English -ology), but compare the New Latin philēmatologiā, which appears written in Greek as φιληματολογία in the title of a 1659 book.
lepido-
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λεπίς, λεπίδος (lepís, lepídos, “scale”).
brath
From Middle English brath, broth, braith, from Old Norse bráðr (“hasty, sudden”), from Proto-Germanic *brēþaz (“hot, in a hurry, rushed”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrē-, *bʰerē- (“steam, vapour”), from *bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”). Cognate with Icelandic bráður (“quick, hasty, excited”), Swedish bråd (“hasty, sudden, urgent”), Danish bråd (“hasty, sudden”). Related to breath, brew.
From Middle English brath, from Old Norse bráð (“haste”), from bráðr (“hasty”). See above.
adelphic
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀδελφικός (adelphikós, “brotherly”), from ἀδελφός (adelphós, “brother”). By surface analysis, adelpho- + -ic.
hemoptysis
From hemo- + Ancient Greek πτύσις (ptúsis, “spitting”), from πτύω (ptúō, “to spit”).
mactate
First attested in 1623; borrowed from Latin mactātus, perfect passive participle of mactō (“to kill, sacrifice, immolate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from mactus (“honoured”); compare Middle French macter.
Sinkiang
From the Postal Romanization of Nanking court dialect Mandarin 新疆 (Xīnjiāng), from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].
marcid
Etymology tree
Latin marceō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin marcidusbor.
English marcid
Borrowed from Latin marcidus.
Taichung
From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 臺中 /台中 (Tʻai²-chung¹).
Taizhong
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 臺中／台中 (Táizhōng).
Wuxi
c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 無錫 /无锡 (Wúxī).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 巫溪 (Wūxī).
ecumene
From Ancient Greek οἰκουμένη (oikouménē, “inhabited world”), from οἰκέω (oikéō, “I inhabit, dwell”), from οἶκος (oîkos, “residence”).
ablepharon
From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + βλέφαρον (blépharon, “eyelid”).
Krung Thep
From Thai กรุงเทพฯ (grung-têep) - กรุง (grung, “city”) + เทพ (têep, “deity”) + ฯ (“an abbreviation marker”), which is a short form of the full ceremonial name of the city, กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบูรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์ (grung-têep-má-hǎa-ná-kɔɔn à-mɔɔn-rát-dtà-ná-goo-sǐn má-hǐn-tá-raa-yút-tá-yaa má-hǎa-dì-lòk-póp nóp-pá-rát-râat-chá-taa-nii-buu-rii-rom ù-dom-râat-chá-ní-wêet-má-hǎa-sà-tǎan à-mɔɔn-pí-maan-à-wá-dtaan-sà-tìt sàk-gà-tát-dtì-yá-wít-sà-nú-gam-bprà-sìt, “the city of gods; the great city, [where] the gem of Kosindra [resides] in perpetuity [/where the immortal gem of Kosindra is]; the Ayutthaya of the Great Indra [/of the great ruler(s)]; the great, excellent world; the royal town of the nine gems; the town of delight, full of royal abodes; the great place; the celestial vimāna [where] avatāra dwell, [of which the erection was] accomplished by Viśvakarman on the consent of Śakra [/the (city which is the) Śakra-permitted accomplishment of Viśvakarman]”).
Shijiazhuang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin for 石家莊／石家庄 (Shíjiāzhuāng).
stound
From Middle English stond, stounde, stound (“hour, time, season, moment”), from Old English stund (“a period of time, while, hour, occasion”), from Proto-West Germanic *stundu, from Proto-Germanic *stundō (“point in time, hour”), from Proto-Indo-European *stut- (“prop”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).
Cognate with Scots stound (“while, period of time, moment, sudden pain, pang, stroke, blow”), dated Dutch stond (“hour, time, moment”), Low German Stund (“hour”), German Stunde (“hour”), Danish stund (“time, while”), and Swedish stund (“time, while”). Compare Middle English stunden (“to linger, stay, remain for a while”), Icelandic stunda (“to frequent, pursue”). Related to stand.
From Middle English stounden, stunden (“to linger, stay, remain for a while”), from Old English *stundian, from Proto-West Germanic *stundōn, from Proto-Germanic *stundōną. Cognate with German stunden (“to defer payment, give time to pay”), Icelandic stunda (“to frequent, pursue”). More at stand.
From Middle English stound, stonde, stoonde, ston, from Old English stond (“a stand”). Compare stand.
Xining
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西寧 /西宁 (Xīníng).
Yangzhou
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 揚州 /扬州 (Yángzhōu).
mardana
Borrowed from Hindi मर्दाना (mardānā) / Urdu مردانہ (mardāna), from Persian مردانه (mardâne).
polychoron
From poly- + -choron, from Ancient Greek πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s, “many”) and χῶρον (khôron, “room; space”).
skelly
Probably of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse *skjelga ("to squint"; found only in the reflexive skjelgask (“to come askew; squint the eyes”)), from Proto-Germanic *skilgijaną (“to squint”), from Proto-Germanic *skelhaz, *skelhwaz, *skelgaz (“slanted; sloping; squinting”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to bend; crook”). Compare Danish skele (“to squint”), Swedish skela (“to squint”), Scots skellie, scalie, skellice (“to squint; look to the side”), German schielen (“to squint”).
Deo volente
From Latin Deo volente, an absolute ablative. See James 4:15: “If it is the Lord’s will, we will live and do this or that.” - a critique of those who are over-confident in their ability to determine their own future.
rute
Borrowed from German Rute (“rod, switch (slender woody plant stem)”).
Eifel
Named after the Eifelgau, a Frankish gau from late antiquity. The name's meaning is disputed; see Eifel.
frazil
From Canadian French frasil, frazil, fraisil, from French fraisil (“coal cinders”), from Old French faisil.
Basenji
From Lingala mbwá na basɛ́nzi (“dogs of the savages; dogs of the villagers”). First use appears c. 1906.
Kuvasz
From Hungarian kuvasz (“Kuvasz”), from Turkish kavas (“guard”). Attested in English from 1935.
cub
From earlier cubbe. Origin unknown. According to Pokorny, from Proto-Germanic *kubb-, from Proto-Indo-European *gup- (“round object, knoll”), from *gew- (“to bend, curve, arch, vault”).
Compare Icelandic and Old Norse kobbi (“seal”), Old Irish cuib (“whelp”). Compare also English cob.
Originally, the meaning was specifically "young fox", in which sense it has largely replaced English whelp.
Fantizi
From Mandarin 繁體字／繁体字 (fántǐzì).
Transcaucasia
From trans- + Caucasus. Calque of Russian Закавка́зье (Zakavkázʹje, literally “beyond the Caucasus”), as viewed from the side of Russia.
pilpul
From Hebrew פִּלְפּוּל (pilpúl).
Mariavite
Ultimately from Latin qui Mariae vitam imitantur (“Let them imitate the Life of Mary”).
chevreuil
Borrowed from French chevreuil. Doublet of Capreolus.
glans clitoridis
Directly from Latin glans clitoridis (“glans of the clitoris”), clitoridis being a genitive.
sice
From Middle English sys, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French sis, sies. Doublet of six.
Luoyang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of 洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng, “sunny side of the Luo River”), referring to two separate Luo rivers.
Hohhot
From Mongolian Хөх хот (Xöx xot), modern form of ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ (kökeqota), from ᠬᠥᠬᠡ (köke, “dark blue; (hist.) green, grue”) + ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (qota, “town, city”), given to the settlement by Altan Khan in the 1580s. His previous palace and monastery established outside modern Baotou in 1572 bore the same name, although it is now frequently connected to the nearby Daqing Mountains instead, whose name is similarly ambiguous between blue and green.
Huhehaote
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 呼和浩特 (Hūhéhàotè).
carpale
From New Latin ōs carpāle, from Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).
miraculum
From Latin mīrāculum. Doublet of milagro and miracle.
doggish
From Middle English doggische, doggissh; equivalent to dog + -ish.
cah
Borrowed from Jamaican Creole cah (“because”). Ultimately from English because.
gweipo
From Cantonese 鬼婆 (gwai² po⁴, “foreign woman”), literally "ghost woman".
marma
From Hindi मर्म (marm, “heart”), from Sanskrit मर्मन् (marman).
From Burmese မရမာ (ma.ra.ma).
beth din
From Hebrew בֵּית דִּין (bêṯ dîn, “court of law”), from בֵּית (bêṯ, “house of”) + דין (dîn, “judgment”).
dromion
From Ancient Greek δρόμος (drómos, “race-track”) + -on (“particle”), confer soliton.
losse
From Dutch los, from Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-.
taur
Clipping of centaur, corresponding to Ancient Greek ταῦρος (taûros, “bull”), from Proto-Indo-European *táwros. Doublet of steer.
diabologue
Blend of Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos) and English -logue.
metoclopramide
Borrowed from French métoclopramide, from métho(xy) + chlo(ro)- + pr(ocaïn)amide.
open the kimono
Unknown. Possibly a calque of Japanese 胸襟を開く (“to share one's feelings”, literally “to open one's collar”) or Japanese 裃を脱ぐ (“to be frank”, literally “to take off one's haori and hakama (two garments worn over a kimono)”).
naja
From Sanskrit नाग (nāga), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“naked”).
Borrowed from Navajo [Term?].
Borrowed from Dzongkha ན་རྒྱ་ (na rgya).
dwile flonking
Possibly from Dutch dweil (“floorcloth”) and English flong, an old past tense of fling. The first documented game took place in 1966.
Kickapoo
Borrowed from Spanish Kikapú, further origins are contested; an Anishinaabeg source proposes giiwigaabaw (“stand here and there”), in reference to the tribe's migratory patterns.
whichsoever
From Middle English which-so-ever. By surface analysis, which + so + ever.
noteful
From Middle English noteful, notful (“useful”), from note (“use, need”), from Old English notu (“use, enjoyment”), from Proto-West Germanic *notu, from Proto-Germanic *nutō, *nutjō, *nutą (“use, enjoyment”), from Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to acquire, make use of”) + -ful. Equivalent to note + -ful. Related to Old English nēotan (“to use, enjoy”), Old English nyttian (“to make use of, utilize”), Old English nytlīċ (“useful, profitable, beneficial”).
Zhongshan
Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 中山 (Zhōngshān).
Zhuhai
Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 珠海 (Zhūhǎi).
Yinchuan
Likely c. 1940s, from Mandarin 銀川 /银川 (Yínchuān), Wade–Giles romanization: Yin²-chʻuan¹, reinforced by Hanyu Pinyin.
perpetuum mobile
From Latin perpetuum (neutral inflection of perpetuus “perpetual”) + Latin mōbile (neutrum of mōbilis “mobile, moving”), used together as a noun, thus literally meaning “perpetual mover”. Although often said to literally mean “perpetual motion”, the latter in Latin is mōtus perpetuus. A perpetuum mobile is a device that exhibits perpetual motion.
Toyama
Borrowed from Japanese 富(と)山(やま) (Toyama).
Tamar
From Hebrew תָּמָר (tamár, “Tamar”, literally “date palm, date”).
From Latin Tamarus, possibly from Proto-Celtic *tamaros (“river, waters”, literally “dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *tm̥Hrós, from *temH- (“dark”). See more at Thames.
triglyph
PIE word
 *tréyes
From Ancient Greek τρίγλυφος (trígluphos, “triglyph”).
Lijiang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 麗江 /丽江 (Lìjiāng).
Haikou
From Mandarin 海口 (Hǎikǒu).
Marrakech
From French Marrakech, from Arabic مَرَّاكُش (marrākuš), further etymology uncertain. Doublet of Morocco.
Marrano
From Spanish marrano, of disputed origin. Perhaps a transferred use of marrano (“hog”), but many sources regard them as distinct words. Doublet of Muharram.
grivna
From Russian гри́вна (grívna). Doublet of hryvnia and grzywna.
summer soup
So named for being suitable to serve cold in the heat of summer. In the Finnish sense, Calque of Finnish kesäkeitto.
deambulate
First attested in 1623; borrowed from Latin dēambulātus, perfect passive participle of dēambulō (“to walk, take a stroll”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from dē- + ambulō (“to walk”). The medical sense is likely a new denominal from deambulation or by translation from Romance languages such as French déambuler and Italian deambulare.
Martello tower
From a corruption of Corsican Torra di Mortella (literally “Tower of Mortella”), a tower in Corsica which was used as the basis for the design; possibly influenced by Italian martello (“hammer”).
ordonnance
Borrowed from French ordonnance. Doublet of ordinance and ordnance.
Ostrogoth
Borrowed from Late Latin Ostrogothus, from Proto-Germanic *austrą ("east") and *gutô, via Ancient Greek Γότθος (Gótthos) from Gothic *𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰 (*guta).
summertide
From Middle English somertide, sumertid, equivalent to summer + -tide. Compare summertime.
fers
Borrowed from Middle English fers, from Old French fierce, from Medieval Latin ferzia, from Classical Persian فَرْزِین (farzīn).
kitling
From Middle English kiteling (“kitten, kit”), from Old Norse ketlingr (“kitten”), diminutive of kǫttr (“cat”), equivalent to cat + -ling.
Cognate with Icelandic kettlingur (“kitten”), Faroese kettlingur (“kitten”), Norwegian ketling (“kitten”), Swedish källing (“kitten”), Danish killing (“kitten”). Compare English catling, of similar formation. See also kitten.
posho
Etymology tree
Latin portiōder.
Old French porcionbor.
Middle English porcioun
English portionbor.
Swahili poshobor.
English posho
Borrowed from Swahili posho, itself from English portion.
Epirote
Borrowed from Latin Ēpīrōtēs, from Koine Greek Ἠπειρώτης (Ēpeirṓtēs).
Walsh
From Middle English Walsch (“Welsh(man)”), from Old English wælisċ, variant of wīelisċ.
salacity
From salac(ious) + -ity, from Latin salācitās, from Latin salāx (“salacious, lustful”) + -ity.
martyrium
From Ecclesiastical Latin martyrium, from Ancient Greek μαρτύριον (martúrion, “testimony”). Equivalent to martyr + -ium.
demonolatry
From Latin daemonolatria. By surface analysis, demono- + -latry.
cathedra
Borrowed from Latin cathedra (“seat”), from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra, “chair of a teacher, throne”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”). Doublet of chair and chaise.
rhodo-
Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardahder.?
Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)der.
English rhodo-
From Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”).
politeia
From Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía, “city, state, system of government”). Doublet of police and policy.
Fujian
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 福建 (Fújiàn).
Gansu
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 甘肅 /甘肃 (Gānsù).
Guizhou
Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 貴州 /贵州 (Guìzhōu).
personal union
In the political sense, calque of German persönliche Vereinigung (attributed to German jurist Johann Stephan Pütter, 1777).
tomalley
Derived from Kari'na tamali /tumale (“a sauce of lobster liver”).
Changsha
From Mandarin 長沙 /长沙 (Chángshā).
Jiangxi
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 江西 (Jiāngxī).
Hagia Sophia
From Byzantine Greek and Ancient Greek Ἁγία Σοφία (Hagía Sophía, “Holy Wisdom”). Compare Sofia, Sophia.
kinin
Derived from Ancient Greek κῑνέω (kīnéō) meaning "to move or stimulate" + -in.
Meds Yeghern
From the Western Armenian pronunciation of Armenian Մեծ Եղեռն (Mec Eġeṙn, literally “Great Crime”).
dehort
From Latin dehortārī, present active infinitive of dēhortor (“to deter, dissuade”), from dē- (prefix indicating reversal or undoing) + hortor (“to encourage, exhort, urge”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to yearn for”)).
baldric
From Middle English baudrik, bauderik, baudry (“belt worn over the shoulder or around the waist for carrying a sword, etc., baldric; (by extension) type of leather strap”), from Old French baldré, baldrei, baudré (“crossbelt, sword-belt”) (modern French baudrier); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Frankish *balterād, from earlier *baltiraidī (“belt gear, belt equipment”) (compare Old Occitan baldrei, baudrat), from Frankish *balti (“belt”), from Latin balteus (possibly borrowed from Etruscan 𐌁𐌀𐌋𐌕𐌄𐌀 (baltea, “belt”)) + Frankish *(ga)raidī (“equipment”). However, the Oxford English Dictionary states that a derivation from balteus does not satisfactorily account for the bald- spelling in the various languages. Middle High German balderich, belderich, derived from the Old French word, may have influenced the Middle English form.
Sense 2.3 (“zodiac”) is from its resemblance to a belt ornamented with jewels (sense 1).
marzacotto
From Italian marzacotto (second element influenced by cotto (“cooked”)), from Arabic مَسْحَقُونِيَّا (masḥaqūniyyā), from Classical Syriac ܡܫܚ ܩܘܢܝܐ (məšaḥ qūnyā, “ointment of sosa”), from ܡܫܚ (məšaḥ, “salve, unguent”) (from ܡܫܚ (məšaḥ, “to anoint”); see Hebrew מָשַׁח (māšaḥ, “to anoint”)) + Ancient Greek κονία (konía, “dust, ashes”).
mascle
From Middle English maskel, maskle, maskle, from Medieval Latin mascula, from Germanic source. Cognate with Medieval Latin macula and Old French macle, macule. Compare English mesh). Doublet of mail.
mazology
From Ancient Greek μαζός (mazós, “breast”) + -logy.