MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Tsghuk
Borrowed from Armenian Ծղուկ (Cġuk), from Old Armenian Ծղուկ (Cłuk).
vertible
From the Old French vertible, from Latin vertibilis from the stem of vertō (“to turn”).
mihirung
From Chaap Wuurong mihirung paringmal (literally “giant bird”).
anomalure
From Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos, “anomalous”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).
miliarense
From Late Latin mīliārense, neuter form of mīliārensis (“pertaining to a thousand”).
stelai
From Ancient Greek στῆλαι (stêlai), the plural form of στήλη (stḗlē, “upright rock; pillar; column”).
brandiron
From Middle English brandiren, variant of brandire, equivalent to brand + iron.
Cocopah
Borrowed from Cocopa kwii capáy (literally “cloud people”).
Rahal
Perhaps borrowed from Arabic رحال (raḥḥāl, “traveller, voyager”).
notornis
From translingual Notornis (“a genus name”), from Ancient Greek νότος (nótos, “south”) + ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”).
hell gate
From Middle English helle gate, helle-ȝate, from Old English helleġeat, corresponding to hell + gate.
hell+gate
* (New York City): Anglicization of the original Dutch name Dutch Hellegat, of uncertain meaning.
Ashkharhabar
From Armenian աշխարհաբար (ašxarhabar).
Mountainous Karabakh
Calque of Russian Нагорный Карабах (Nagornyj Karabax).
Ch'i
From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin 齊 /齐 (Qí), Wade–Giles romanization: Chʻi².
From Mandarin 氣 /气 (qì), Wade–Giles romanization: chʻi⁴.
windcatcher
From wind + catcher, calque of Persian بادگیر, from باد (bâd, “wind”) + گیر (gir, “catch[er]”).
Markarian
Borrowed from Armenian Մարգարյան (Margaryan).
Wei
From Mandarin Chinese 魏 (Wèi).
From Mandarin Chinese 衞 /卫 (Wèi).
berele
Borrowed from Amharic ብርሌ (bərle).
nestitherapy
Borrowed from Ancient Greek νῆστις (nêstis, “fasting”) + therapy.
Hvar
From Serbo-Croatian Hvȃr/Хва̑р, from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros). Doublet of Pharos.
nothogeneric
Borrowed from Ancient Greek νόθος (nóthos, “bastard”) + generic.
Savita
From Sanskrit सविता (savitā, “sun, sun's light or energy”).
plethorically
From plethoric + -ally (suffix forming adverbs from adjectives). Plethoric is derived from Middle English plectorik (“swollen, plethoric; a swelling, plethora”) [and other forms], from Late Latin plethoricus, plectoricus (“plethoric”), from Koine Greek πληθωρικός (plēthōrikós, “plethoric”), from Ancient Greek πληθώρα (plēthṓra, “plethora”) + -ικός (-ikós, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to, in the manner of’, forming adjectives from nouns); πληθώρα (plēthṓra) is from πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness; generation of blood or humors by the body”) (from πλήθω (plḗthō, “to be or become full, swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)) + -ᾱ (-ā) (variant of -η (-ē, suffix forming action nouns from verbs)).
octastich
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὀκτάστιχος (oktástikhos). By surface analysis, octa- + stich.
Mmes
From French Mmes, abbreviation of Mesdames. Equivalent to Mme + -s.
katsap
Unadapted borrowing from Ukrainian каца́п (kacáp) (see it for more).
cameral
Formed from the root of Latin camera (“room; chamber”), with the suffix -al, perhaps corresponding to a Late Latin, Medieval Latin cameralis.
xiangsheng
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 相聲 /相声 (xiàngsheng).
Yarmouk
From Arabic اليَرْمُوك (al-yarmūk).
Bogan
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Bogáin (“descendant of Bogán”), a personal name from a diminutive form of bog (“soft, tender”).
Parramatta
From Dharug Burramatta (literally “place of eels”).
Torrens
Borrowed from Catalan Torrens. It is also a variant of the surname Torrence.
Yangtse
An irregular romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 揚子 /扬子 (Yángzǐ) and 揚子江 /扬子江 (Yángzǐ Jiāng), q.v.
Alexiares
From Ancient Greek Ἀλεξιάρης (Alexiárēs, literally “Warding-Off-War”), from ἀλέξω (aléxō, “I defend (against)”) + Ἄρης (Árēs, “War”).
Anicetus
From Ancient Greek Ἀνίκητος (Aníkētos, literally “Unconquerable”).
Aceso
From Ancient Greek Ἀκεσώ (Akesṓ).
Machaon
From Ancient Greek Μαχάων (Makháōn).
Aratus
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄρᾱτος (Árātos, literally “the one prayed for”).
know thyself
Calque of Ancient Greek γνῶθι σεαυτόν (gnôthi seautón), one of the Delphic maxims, popularly attributed to various Ancient Greek sages. The proverb in Latin is given as nōsce tē ipsum.
grush
Borrowed from Hebrew גְּרוּשׁ (grúsh). Doublet of groschen, grosz, kurus, and qursh.
Jamila
From Arabic جَمِيلَة (jamīla, “beautiful”).
underseek
From Middle English underseken, onderseken (also undersechen), from Old English undersēcan (“to investigate, examine”), equivalent to under- + seek. Cognate with West Frisian ûndersykje (“to research”), Dutch onderzoeken (“to investigate, probe, examine”), German untersuchen (“to examine, investigate, explore”).
pechka
Borrowed from Russian пе́чка (péčka), diminutive of печь (pečʹ).
Borjomi
Borrowed from Georgian ბორჯომი (borǯomi).
Akhalkalaki
From Georgian ახალქალაქი (axalkalaki).
Akhalkalak
From Armenian Ախալքալաք (Axalkʻalakʻ).
Mtskheta
Borrowed from Georgian მცხეთა (mcxeta).
blepharo-
From New Latin, from Ancient Greek βλέφαρον (blépharon, “eyelid”).
balebos
Borrowed from Yiddish בעל־הבית (balebos), from Hebrew בַּעַל הַבַּיִת (bá'al habáyit, “master of the house”).
baleboste
Borrowed from Yiddish בעל־הביתטע (baleboste), feminine form of בעל־הבית (balebos), from Hebrew בַּעַל הַבַּיִת (bá'al habáyit, “master of the house”).
Adrianople
From Latin Adrianopolis, from Ancient Greek Ἁδριανούπολις (Hadrianoúpolis, “city of Hadrian”). Doublet of Adrianopolis and Edirne.
Adrianopolis
From Latin Adrianopolis, from Ancient Greek Ἁδριανούπολις (Hadrianoúpolis, “city of Hadrian”). Doublet of Adrianople and Edirne.
Edirne
From Turkish Edirne and Ottoman Turkish ادرنه (Edirne), from Byzantine Greek Ἁδριανούπολις (Hadrianoúpolis), from Ancient Greek Ἁδριανός (Hadrianós, “Hadrian”) + πόλις (pólis, “city, city-state”). Doublet of Adrianople and Adrianopolis.
feen
From Shelta fīn, feen (“man”), itself from Irish fiann.
Akhaltsikhe
From Georgian ახალციხე (axalcixe).
Bab el Mandeb
From Arabic بَاب اَلْمَنْدَب (bāb al-mandab), meaning Gateway (Bab) of anguish, or Gateway of tears, as the strait derives its name from the dangers attending its navigation, or, according to an Arab legend, from the numbers who were drowned by the earthquake which separated Asia and Africa.
Heligoland
Second element is land, first element of disputed origin:
* From German heilig (“holy”), as in Middle High German Heiligland (“holy land”)
* From the North Frisian for high, similar to Hallig; hinted by the Heligolanders' self-designation of Halunder.
* Related to the legendary hero Helgi, identical to the Old Norse name Helgi.
More at Heligoland.
chevauchee
Inherited from Middle English chyvachie, from Old French chevauchie, chevauchée, from Medieval Latin caballicāta; the modern form is after modern French chevauchée. Doublet of cavalcade.
Azamgarh
Borrowed from Hindi आज़मगढ़ (āzamgaṛh).
Chitrakoot
Borrowed from Hindi चित्रकूट (citrakūṭ).
Kizzy
From a pet form of Kezia. Explained as a Mandinka name by Alex Haley in Roots (1976).
genius hominis
A borrowing of Latin genius hominis (“tutelary deity of a person”), from the nominative possessive form of homo (“person”).
Longshan
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 龍山 /龙山 (Lóngshān) (Lóngshān, lit. "Dragon Mountain")
From the pinyin romanization of Mandarin 隴山 /陇山 (Lǒngshān).
Lung-shan
From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 龍山 /龙山 (Lóngshān) (Lóngshān, lit. "Dragon Mountain") Wade-Giles romanization: Lung²-shan¹.
Longxi
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 隴西 /陇西 (Lǒngxī).
Yanzi
The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 燕子 (Yànzǐ), meaning "swallow" (the bird).
Yen-tse
From Mandarin 燕子河 (Yànzihé).
Dzaudzhikau
From Russian Дзауджика́у (Dzaudžikáu), ultimately from Ossetian Дзӕуджыхъӕу (Ʒæwǵyqæw).
Ordzhonikidze
From Russian Орджоники́дзе (Ordžonikídze).
Transcaspia
From Russian Закаспи́йская о́бласть (Zakaspíjskaja óblastʹ, “Transcaspian oblast”) as trans- + Caspia, from the fact that in the early 20th century the easiest way to reach it from central Russia or Transcaucasia was across the Caspian Sea, by boat.
Golden Horn
Calque of Ancient Greek Χρυσόκερας (Khrusókeras).
Samtskhe-Javakheti
From Georgian სამცხე-ჯავახეთი (samcxe-ǯavaxeti).
Kobuleti
Borrowed from Georgian ქობულეთი (kobuleti).
Issus
From Latin Issus, from Ancient Greek Ἰσσός (Issós).
Malatya
From Turkish Malatya and Ottoman Turkish ملاطیه (Malatya), from Byzantine Greek Μελιτηνή (Melitēnḗ), from Ancient Greek. Doublet of Melitene.
Kayseri
From Turkish Kayseri and Ottoman Turkish قیصری (Kayseri), from Byzantine Greek Καισάρεια (Kaisáreia), from Latin Caesarea, from Caesar + -ea in honor of Augustus. Doublet of Caesarea and Cherchell.
Guigang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 貴港 /贵港 (Guìgǎng).
Guixian
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese 貴縣 /贵县 (Guìxiàn).
Qinzhou
Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 秦州 (Qínzhōu).
Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 欽州 /钦州 (Qīnzhōu).
Tsinchow
From the Postal Romanization of Mandarin 秦州 (Qínzhōu).
Ch'in-chou
From Mandarin 秦州 (Qínzhōu) Wade–Giles romanization: Chʻin²-chou¹.
Chin-chou
From Mandarin 錦州 /锦州 (Jǐnzhōu) Wade–Giles romanization: Chin³-chou¹.
From Mandarin 秦州 (Qínzhōu) Wade–Giles romanization: Chʻin²-chou¹.
hybristophilia
From Ancient Greek ὑβρίζειν (hubrízein, “to commit an outrage against someone”) + -philia.
galacto-
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek γᾰ́λᾰ (gắlă)
Ancient Greek γάλακτ- (gálakt-)der.
New Latinder.
English galacto-
From New Latin, from Ancient Greek stem γάλακτ- (gálakt-) of γάλα (gála, “milk, milky sap, the Milky Way”).
Kyzylorda
Borrowed from Russian Кызылорда́ (Kyzylordá), from Kazakh Қызылорда (Qyzylorda), from қызыл (qyzyl, “red”) (used here in the common Soviet ideological connotation) + орда (orda, “horde”).
Locris
Borrowed from Latin Locris, from Ancient Greek Λοκρίς (Lokrís).
charlotte russe
Borrowed from French charlotte russe (literally “Russian charlotte”). The origin of the term is obscure; one theory is that the dish was created by French chef Marie-Antoine Carême (1784–1833) and named in honour of his employer Alexander I of Russia.
Saint Lawrence River
From Saint Lawrence + river. Calque of French fleuve Saint-Laurent. From Middle French Fleuve sainct Laurens. Named after Roman martyr Saint Lawrence. Coined by French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1604. In turn named after the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, itself coined by another French explorer, Jacques Cartier, which lies at the mouth of the river. That bay was named for being discovered on the Feast Day of Saint Lawrence, 10 August 1535.
Stymphalus
From Latin Stymphālus, from Ancient Greek Στύμφᾱλος (Stúmphālos).
Taurica
From Latin Taurica, from Ancient Greek Ταυρῐκή (Taurĭkḗ).
sovnarkhoz
From Russian совнархо́з (sovnarxóz), abbreviation of сове́т наро́дного хозя́йства (sovét naródnovo xozjájstva).
rite de passage
Borrowed from French rite de passage, and attested later than rite of passage. The French term was coined by French ethnographer and folklorist Arnold van Gennep (1873–1957) and popularized in his work Les rites de passage (1909).
Trabzon
Borrowed from Turkish Trabzon, from Ottoman Turkish طرابزون (Tırabızon), ultimately from Ancient Greek Τραπεζοῦς (Trapezoûs). Doublet of Trapezus and Trebizond.
Trebizond
From French Trébizonde, from Ottoman Turkish طرابزون (Tırabızon), from Ancient Greek Τραπεζοῦς (Trapezoûs). Doublet of Trabzon and Trapezus.
Trapezund
From Greek Τραπεζούντα (Trapezoúnta), from Ancient Greek Τραπεζοῦς (Trapezoûs).
Urfa
From Ottoman Turkish اورفه and اورفا (Urfa), from Classical Syriac ܐܘܪܗܝ (ʾUrhāy).
Pharos
Derived from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros) via Latin Pharos. Doublet of Hvar.
Feodosiya
From Russian Феодо́сия (Feodósija), from Ancient Greek Θεοδοσία (Theodosía). Doublet of Theodosia.
Feodosia
Borrowed from Russian Феодо́сия (Feodósija), from Ancient Greek Θεοδοσία (Theodosía).
Theodosia
Borrowed from Latin Theodosia, from Ancient Greek Θεοδοσία (Theodosía). Feminine form of Theodosius. Doublet of Feodosiya.
Mahbubnagar
Borrowed from Telugu మహబూబ్ నగర్ (mahabūb nagar).
Nizamabad
Borrowed from Hindi निज़ामाबाद (nizāmābād) / Urdu نظام آباد (nizāmābād).
Hamadan
From Persian همدان (hamadân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭧𐭬𐭲𐭠𐭭 (Ahmadān), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎥𐎶𐎫𐎠𐎴 (Hagmatāna-). Doublet of Ecbatana; see that entry for more.
Hankou
From the Mandarin 漢口 /汉口 (Hànkǒu, “Mouth of the Han River”).
Hankow
From the Postal Romanization of Mandarin 漢口 /汉口 (Hànkǒu).
Aurangabad
Ultimately from Persian اورنگآباد (Owrang-âbâd), named for اُوْرَنگزیب (Owrang-zib, “Aurangzeb”), the sixth Mughal emperor (r. 1658–1707).
Cheops
Borrowed from Latin Cheops, from Ancient Greek Χέοψ (Khéops), from Egyptian ḫw.f-wj.
riding hood
From Middle English rydyng hoode, rydynghoode. By surface analysis, riding + hood.
whited sepulchre
An allusion to Matthew 23:27 in the Bible. From Ancient Greek τάφος κεκονιαμένος (táphos kekoniaménos, “plastered tomb, hypocrite”).
mania a potu
Learned borrowing from Latin mania ā pōtū (literally “madness from the drink”).
Tatigian
From Armenian Թաթիկյան (Tʻatʻikyan).
Tai Long
From Cantonese 大浪 (daai⁶ long⁶).
Izmit
From Ottoman Turkish ازمید (İzmit) and Turkish İzmit, from Byzantine Greek Νικομήδεια (Nikomḗdeia), from Ancient Greek Νικομήδης (Nikomḗdēs) + -ιᾰ (-iă, “-ia: forming place names”). Doublet of Nicomedia.
Ternivka
Borrowed from Ukrainian Терні́вка (Ternívka).
Elu
Borrowed from Sinhalese එළු (eḷu), හෙළු (heḷu), from Prakrit 𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀮 (sīhala) (compare Pali sīhala), from Sanskrit सिंहल (siṃhala, literally “lionlike”), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) + -ल (-la). Doublet of Ceylon and Sinhala.
lapis calaminaris
From Medieval Latin lapis calamīnāris, from lapis (“stone, mineral”) + calamīnāris (“of or related to calamine”), from calamīna (“calamine”) + -āris (“-ary: forming adjectives”), from Latin cadmia, from Ancient Greek κᾰδμῐ́ᾱ (kădmĭ́ā), variant of Κᾰδμείᾱ (Kădmeíā), from Κάδμος (Kádmos, “Cadmus”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming related substances”). Doublet of cadmia, calamine, and calaminaris.
lapis infernalis
Unadapted borrowing from Latin lapis īnfernālis (literally “infernal stone”).
Chippenham
From Old English Ċippanham, from the personal name *Cippa, genitive singular *Cippan + hamm (“promontory”).
Flitwick
From the name of the River Flit + Old English wīc (“village; temporary abode”).
Kenilworth
From Old English feminine personal name Cynehild (“royal battle”), genitive singular Cynehilde + worþ (“enclosure”).
Ormskirk
Of Old Norse origin. Derived from Ormres kirkja, i.e. the church of Ormr, a personal name meaning "serpent" or "dragon".
Usupashvili
Transliteration of Georgian უსუფაშვილი (usupašvili).
churchwork
From Middle English church work, churche woorke, chirche werk, churche werk (also as kyrkwarke, kirkwarke, kirc werke), equivalent to church + work.
irregible
From the post-Classical Latin irregibilis (“ungovernable”), from ir- (“un-”) + regibilis (“governable”, “tractable”); equivalent to the English ir- (“un-”) + regible (“governable”, “tractable”).
shotai
From Japanese 小隊 (shōtai, literally “small team”).
Oswestry
Recorded as Oswaldestroe in 1191, a tree of a man called Oswald; from Old English trēow.
Qadiani
From Urdu قادیانی (qādiyānī); which means "of Qadian" from Qadian, a town in Punjab, India; the location in which the religious movement began.
Ashrafi
From Arabic أَشْرَفِيّ (ʔašrafiyy).
From Arabic أَشْرَفِيّ (ʔašrafiyy) and various descendant languages.
Naqshbandi
From Persian نقشبندی (naqšbandi), from نقشبند (naqšband, “[Baha' al-Din] Naqshband”) + ـی (-i).
Chishti
From Classical Persian چشتی (cištī); which means "of Chisht" from Chisht, a town in Herat, Afghanistan; the location in which the order began.
Mevlevi
From Persian مولویه, Classical Persian مولوی (mawlawī), noun use of Arabic مَوْلَوِيّ (mawlawiyy, “of a lord or master”), ultimately from مَوْلًى (mawlan, “master”). Compare maulvi, mullah, maulana.
soc and sac
From Old English sōcen and sacan, equivalent to the Anglo-Norman oyer and terminer.
thone
From Middle English *thon, from Old English þān (“moist, damp, wet; having water, watered, irrigated”), from Proto-West Germanic *þain, from Proto-Germanic *þainaz (“moist”), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to melt, flow”). Cognate with Scots thane, thain (“moist, damp”). Related to thaw.
ex contractu
From Latin ex (“from”) + contractū (ablative singular of contractus (“contract”)).
ex delicto
From Latin ex dēlīctō (literally “from transgression”).
Yunlin
From Mandarin 雲林 /云林 (Yúnlín) Wade–Giles romanization: Yün²-lin².
Changhua
From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 彰化 (Zhānghuà), Wade-Giles romanization: Chang¹-hua⁴.
Jincheng
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 金城 (Jīnchéng).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 晉城／晋城 (Jìnchéng).
Alishan
From Mandarin 阿里山 (Ālǐshān).
Zhubei
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 竹北 (Zhúběi).
Douliu
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 斗六 (Dǒuliù).
Kinmen
From the Nanking court dialect (later Postal Romanization) romanization of Mandarin 金門 (Jīnmén), from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ], parallel with names for the four townships of Kinmen Island: Kincheng, Kinhu, Kinning, and Kinsha.
Lienchiang
From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin for 連江／连江 (Liánjiāng), Wade–Giles romanization: Lien²-chiang¹.
Tymoshenko
From Ukrainian Тимоше́нко (Tymošénko).
Fuji
Borrowed from Japanese 富士 (ふじ, Fuji).
From Mandarin 富基 (Fùjī).
Hajjam
From Hindustani حجام / हज्जाम (hajjām, “barber”), from Classical Persian حجام (hajjām), from Arabic حَجَّام (ḥajjām).
tarento
Borrowed from Japanese タレント (tarento, “television star”), from English talent. Doublet of talent.
Freiburg im Breisgau
Borrowed from German Freiburg im Breisgau.
Khodorkovsky
From Russian Ходорко́вский (Xodorkóvskij).
Chardzhou
Borrowed from Russian Чарджо́у (Čardžóu), ultimately from Persian چهارجوی (čahârjuy, literally “four canals”).
colloblast
From Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) + -blast.
straight-up
From Middle English streight up (“straight, erect, not curved or crooked, direct, honest”), equivalent to straight + up.
Augeas
From Latin Augēās, from Ancient Greek Αὐγείᾱς (Augeíās).
maquila
From Spanish maquila, from Andalusian Arabic مَكِيلَة (makíla), from Arabic مَكِيلَة (makīla, “measured”). In reference to factories, via Spanish clipping of maquiladora, from maquilar (“to assemble”) + -adora (“-ator: forming agent nouns”), from maquilar's original sense of taking a toll of grain. Also understood as a clipping within English.
From Basque makila via Spanish maquila.
nam pla
Borrowed from Thai น้ำปลา (nám-bplaa).
didukh
Borrowed from Ukrainian діду́х (didúx), from дід (did, “grandfather”) + -ух (-ux, augmentative suffix).
maskandi
From Zulu umaskandi, from Afrikaans musikant (“musician”).
adho mukha svanasana
From Sanskrit अधोमुखश्वानासन (adhomukhaśvānāsana), from अधस् (adhas, “down”) + मुख (mukha, “face”) + श्वान (śvāna, “dog”) + आसन (āsana, “asana”).
Alcibiades
From Latin Alcibiadēs, from Ancient Greek Ἀλκιβιάδης (Alkibiádēs).
Marcius
From Latin Marcius, from Marcus + -ius (“forming adjectives and clan names”), from Mars + -cus (“forming adjectives”), q.v.
Antigone
From Latin Antigonē, from Ancient Greek Ἀντιγόνη (Antigónē).
Antisthenes
From Latin Antisthenēs, from Ancient Greek Ἀντισθένης (Antisthénēs).
Appius
From Latin Appius, probably a Latinized form of an Italic name Attius, from Oscan, Umbrian, or Sabine.
Jagoda
From Macedonian Јагода (Jagoda), from јагода (jagoda, “strawberry”).
Borrowed from Polish Jagoda.
Arcadius
From Latin Arcadius, from Ancient Greek Ἀρκάδιος (Arkádios, “of Arcadia”). See Arcadia for more information.
badger dog
From badger + dog, a calque of German Dachshund (from their use in hunting badgers).
Xingjiang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 興江／兴江 (Xīngjiāng).
minenwerfer
From German Minenwerfer, from Mine + Werfer (“mortar”).
Gwent
Borrowed from Welsh Gwent, from Old Welsh Guent, from Latin Venta Silurum, a Roman colony in Britannia.
normal school
Calque of French école normale, so called because the norms of pedagogy are taught there.
Green Hmong
Calque of Green Hmong Moob Leeg (“Green/Blue Hmong”).
Hmong Daw
From White Hmong Hmoob Dawb (“White Hmong”).
White Hmong
Calque of White Hmong Hmoob Dawb (“White Hmong”).
Amritsar
From Sanskrit अमृतसरस् (amṛtasaras), from अमृत (amṛta, “nectar”) + सरस् (saras, “lake, pool”).
Faridkot
Named for Farīduddīn Ganjshakar ((Urdu: حضرت بابا فرید الدّین مسعود گنج شکر).
Jalandhar
Borrowed from Sanskrit [Term?], from जल (jala, “water”) + अनदर (anadara, “inside”), because Shiva's son was born inside water.
Patiala
From Punjabi ਪਟਿਆਲਾ (paṭiālā).
Rann of Kutch
From Gujarati કચ્છનું રણ (kacchanũ raṇ, “Rann of Kutch”), consisting of રણ (raṇ, “desert”), નું (nũ, “of”) and કચ્છ (kacch, “Kutch”).
Arai
Borrowed from Japanese 新井 (Arai) or 荒井 (Arai).
Jafar
Borrowed from Arabic جَعْفَر (jaʕfar).
Afanasy
Transliteration of Russian Афана́сий (Afanásij). Doublet of Athanasius.
Athanasius
Borrowed from Latin Athanasius, from Ancient Greek Ἀθανάσιος (Athanásios), from ἀθανάσιος (athanásios, “immortal”), from ἀθάνατος (athánatos, “immortal”). Doublet of Afanasy and tansy. Compare Ambrose.
Aetius
From Latin Aetius, from Ancient Greek Ἀέτιος (Aétios), perhaps from ἀετός (aetós, “eagle”).
kinara
Etymology tree
Proto-Bantu *kɪ̀-
Proto-Sabaki *ki-
Swahili ki-
Arabic مَنَارَة (manāra)bor.
Swahili mnara
Swahili kinarabor.
English kinara
From Swahili kinara (“candlestick”), ultimately from Arabic مَنَارَة (manāra).
bonsella
Borrowed from Afrikaans bonsela, from Xhosa bansela meaning "showing thanks with a gift", related to Zulu umbhanselo a "tip".
Rayburn
Scottish habitational surname, from Raeburn, a place in the Scottish Borders name from Scots rae (“roebuck”) + burn (“stream”).
zardozi
From Urdu زردوزی (zardōzī, “gold embroidery”), from Classical Persian زردوزی (zardōzī, “gold embroidery”). See there for more.
kachori
Borrowed from Hindi कचौरी (kacaurī) or कचौड़ी (kacauṛī).
Nirankari
Borrowed from Punjabi ਨਿਰੰਕਾਰੀ (niraṅkārī).
nshima
Borrowed from an African language, probably Bemba nshima. Compare Chichewa nsíma.
Enfield
From Old English Ēana (given name) or ēan (“lamb”) + feld (“field”).
Borys
From Ukrainian Бори́с (Borýs). Compare Belarusian Барыс (Barys), Russian Бори́с (Borís).
Rahim Yar Khan
From Urdu رحیم یار خان (rahīm yār xān).
Gihon
From Biblical Hebrew גִּיחוֹן (Giḥôn). Doublet of Jayhoun.
Belisarius
From Latin Belisarius, from Byzantine Greek Βελισάριος (Belisários).
Belisarios
From Byzantine Greek Βελισάριος (Belisários).
Veniamin
Borrowed from Russian Вениами́н (Veniamín). Doublet of Benjamin.
Gavriil
From Russian Гаврии́л (Gavriíl). Doublet of Gabriel.
Halley
Two main origins:
* Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó hAilche (“descendant of Ailche”), a personal name of unclear origin.
* Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó hÁille (“descendant of Áille”), a byname from áille (“beauty”).
Hamilcar
From Latin Hamilcar, from Punic 𐤇𐤌𐤋𐤒𐤓𐤕 (ḥmlqrt, literally “brother of Melqart”).
Haroun
From Somali xarunta.
From Arabic هَارُون (hārūn).
Hasdrubal
From Latin Hasdrubal, from Punic 𐤏𐤆𐤓𐤁𐤏𐤋 (ʿzrbʿl /⁠ʿazrōbaʿl⁠/, literally “Help of the Lord (Baal)”).
Haemus
Borrowed from Latin Haemus, from Ancient Greek Αἷμος (Haîmos).
saas-bahu
Borrowed from Hindi सास-बहू (sās-bahū).
Selenite
From Ancient Greek σεληνίτης (selēnítēs), from σελήνη (selḗnē, “moon”) + -ίτης (-ítēs, “belonging to”). By surface analysis, Selen(e) (“the Moon”) + -ite.
bee mother
From bee + mother, possibly as a calque of Old English bēomōdor (“queen bee”).
Denton
From Old English denu (“valley, den”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Hamer
* As an English surname, from the place in Lancashire, from Old English hamor (“cliff”), apparently a rare use instead of the sense for "hammer" (compare Old Norse hamarr (“stone, cliff”).
* As an English surname of Norman origin, variant of Amer.
* As a Dutch surname, from hamer (“hammer”).
* As a German and Jewish surname, variant of the noun Hammer (“hammer”), with several Slavic derivatives.
Menelaus
From Latin Menelāus, from Ancient Greek Μενέλαος (Menélaos).
Herostratus
Learned borrowing from Latin Hērostratus, from Ancient Greek Ἡρόστρατος (Hēróstratos).
Hesperides
From Latin Hesperides, from Ancient Greek Ἑσπερίδες (Hesperídes).