MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
polyanthus
From Renaissance Latin polyanthus, corresponding to poly- + Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).
Hellenistic
From German hellenistisch, from Ancient Greek Ἑλληνιστής (Hellēnistḗs, “one who uses the Greek language”), from Ἑλλάς (Hellás, “Greece”). By surface analysis, Hellenist + -ic.
wahine
Borrowed from Māori wahine (“woman”), from Proto-Polynesian *fafine.
auriferous
From Latin aurifer (“gold-bearing”) + the English suffix -ous. The Latin term in turn derived from aurum (“gold”) + ferō (“to carry”).
aurigal
Borrowed from Latin aurīgālis, from aurīga (“charioteer”).
auriphrygiate
From Late Latin auriphrigiatus; Latin aurum (“gold”) + Late Latin phrygiare (“to adorn with Phrygian needlework, or with embroidery”); perhaps corrupted from some other word.
auriscalp
From Latin auris (“ear”) + scalpere (“to scrape”).
aurochs
Borrowed from German Aurochs, an early variant of Auerochse, from Middle High German ūrochse (“aurochs”), from Old High German ūrohso (“aurochs”), a compound consisting of ūro (“aurochs”) (from Proto-Germanic *ūraz, *ūrô (“aurochs”)) + ohso (“ox”). Akin to Old English ūr (“aurochs”), Old Norse úrr (“aurochs”), Middle Low German ūrosse (“aurochs”), Old English oxa (“ox”). More at ox.
Ausonian
From Latin Ausonia (“Lower Italy”), extended poetically to “Italy”, from Ancient Greek Αὐσονία (Ausonía), from Αὔσων (Aúsōn), a son of Ulysses, who is said to have settled there.
lucubrate
First attested in 1623; borrowed from Latin lūcubrātus, perfect passive participle of lūcubrō (“to work by candlelight”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from lūx (“light”).
precentor
From French précenteur, from Latin praecentor, from praecentus (“sung before”), from praecinō (“to sing before”) + -or (“agent suffix”), from prae- + canĕre (“to sing”).
promissory
From Middle English promissorye, from Medieval Latin prōmissōrius. By surface analysis, promise + -ory.
forgetfulness
From Middle English forgetfulnes, forgetfulnesse, forȝetfulnesse, equivalent to forgetful + -ness.
arctophile
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos
Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos)lbor.
Proto-Indo-European *bʰil-o-s
Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos)bor.
Latin -philalbor.
English -phile
English arctophile
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos, “bear”) + English -phile.
Rabia
From Arabic رَابِعَة (rābiʕa), the feminine of رَبِيع (rabīʕ, “spring”) as well as رَابِع (rābiʕ, “fourth”), from أَرْبَعَة (ʔarbaʕa, “four”). Hence Rabia means both "spring" and "the fourth female".
Nathan
From Hebrew נָתָן (natán, “gave”). Also short for Jonathan.
gorget
From Middle English gorget, from Old French gorgete, from gorge (“throat”).
Zaum
From Russian за́умь (záumʹ, literally “nonsense”).
toom
From Middle English toom, tom, from Old English tōm (“empty”), from Proto-West Germanic *tōm(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tōm(ij)az (“free, available, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *doma- (“to tame”), *dema- (“to build”). Cognate with Danish and Swedish tom (“empty, vacant”), Icelandic tómur (“empty”).
From Middle English toom, tome, tom, from Old Norse tóm (“vacant time, leisure”), from Proto-Germanic *tōmą (“vacant time, leisure”). Related to Old Norse tómr (“vacant, empty”).
tegula
Borrowed from Latin tegula (“a tile”), from tegō (“to cover”). Doublet of tile.
religiosity
From religio(u)s + -ity, from Latin religiositas.
Musca
Borrowed from Latin musca (“a fly”). Named by Dutch explorers Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman, between 1595 and 1597. Doublet of mouche.
Calque of Spanish T-MEC (Tratado entre México y Estados Unidos y Canadá).
Coined in analogy to USMCA and CUSMA.
Rigel
A corruption of Arabic رِجْل (rijl, “foot, leg”), in the Arabic name رِجْل الْجَبَّار (rijl al-jabbār, literally “foot of the great one”).
Probably an Americanized spelling of German Reigel or Riegel.
prescient
Learned borrowing from Latin praesciēns (“foreknowing; foretelling, predicting”), present participle of) Latin praesciō (“to foreknow”), from prae- (prefix meaning ‘before; in front’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before; in front”)) + sciō (“to know, understand; to have knowledge of”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to dissect; to split”)). The word is cognate with Middle French prescient (modern French prescient (“prescient”)), Italian presciente (“prescient”). By surface analysis, pre- (“earlier in time, beforehand”) + scient (“knowing, aware”).
monimolimnion
From Ancient Greek μόνιμος (mónimos, “stable, permanent”) + -limnion (from Ancient Greek λῐ́μνη (lĭ́mnē, “lake”) + -ion), first appearing in the writings of British ecologist George Evelyn Hutchinson (1903–1991).
Rajesh
From Sanskrit राज (rāja, “king”) + ईश्वर (īśvara, “God, the ultimate power”).
Rajindra
From Sanskrit राज (rāja, “king”) + इन्द्र (indra, “Indra”).
archiater
From French archiâtre, from Latin archīāter. Compare arch-, iatro-, -iatry.
AOC
From French AOC (“appellation d'origine contrôlée”, literally “controlled designation of origin”).
toxoplasmosis
From French toxoplasmose, from translingual Toxoplasma + -osis.
strychnine
From French strychnine, from Greek στρύχνος (strýchnos, “sleepy nightshade”) (or directly from Ancient Greek στρύχνον (strúkhnon)) + -ine.
lederhosen
Borrowed from German Lederhose (literally “leather trousers”). The final -n probably from the German plural; alternatively influenced by Bavarian Lederhosn (singular and plural).
cackle
From Middle English caclen, cakelen, perhaps from Old English *caclian, *cacolian, from Proto-West Germanic *kakulōn, *kakilōn (“to cackle, gaggle, yelp, snarl”), perhaps of imitative origin. By surface analysis, cack + -le.
Compare Dutch kakelen (“to cackle”), German Low German kakeln (“to cackle”), German kakeln (“to blather”), Danish kagle (“to cackle”), Swedish kackla (“to cackle”). Compare also Old English cahhetan, ċeahhettan (“to laugh loudly; cackle”), German gackern (“to cackle”).
subjection
From Middle English subjectioun, from Anglo-Norman subjectioun, Old French subjection (Modern French sujétion), and their etymon Latin subjectiō. By surface analysis, subject + -ion.
brach
From Late Middle English brache (“hunting dog, especially a small scent hound; female dog, bitch (?); lapdog (?)”), probably a back-formation from Old French brachès, brachez, the plural of brachet (“female scent hound”), a diminutive of brac, from Old High German braccho, bracco, bracko (“scent hound”) (modern German Bracke); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Germanic *brēkijaną (compare Latin fragrō (“to emit a smell”), Middle High German bræhen (“to smell (something); to use the sense of smell; to have a (bad) smell”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to have a strong odour, to smell”).
cognates
* Italian bracco
* Medieval Latin bracco
* Occitan brac
* Spanish braco
Pangasinan
From Spanish Pangasinán, from Pangasinan Pangasinan.
lily-white
From Middle English liliwhite, lilye-white, lilye-whyt, equivalent to lily + white.
presidium
Borrowed from Russian прези́диум (prezídium), from Latin praesidium. Doublet of praesidium and presidio.
presidio
From Spanish presidio (“garrison”), from Latin praesidium, 1763. Doublet of praesidium and presidium.
maundy
From Middle English maundee, maunde, from Old French mandée (“mandated”), from Latin mandatum (“commandment”). Doublet of mandate. The word came to refer to the foot-washing ceremony performed on Thursday before Easter because of the phrase used by Jesus to explain his act of foot-washing, which in the Latin Vulgate begins: Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem ..., i.e. "A new commandment I give unto you: That you love one another …" (John 13:34).
Cade
* As an English surname, from an old personal name Cada, from a Germanic root meaning "lump, swelling" and perhaps related to the next sense.
* Also as an English occupational surname for a cooper, from Old French cade (“barrel, cask”), from Latin cadus.
* Also as an English surname, from the noun cade (sense 1) (“domestic animal”).
* As a French surname, spelling variant of Cadé, from cade (“juniper”).
From Middle English cade, kad, kod, ultimately of unknown origin.
Borrowed from Middle French cade, from Old Occitan cade, from Latin catanum.
Borrowed from Middle French cade (“barrel”), from Latin cadus (“bottle, jar”).
mullion
Alteration of monial (“mullion”), or metathesis of Middle English moyniel, both ultimately from Old French moinel.
musketry
From musket + -ry, after Italian moschetteria. Compare French mousqueterie.
metonymic
From Ancient Greek μετωνυμικός (metōnumikós, “of or like metonymy”), from μετωνυμία (metōnumía, “change of name”), from μετά (metá, “other”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma, “name”). By surface analysis, metonym + -ic.
laxity
Borrowed from Middle French laxité, itself borrowed from Latin laxitas, laxitatem, from laxus. By surface analysis, lax + -ity.
rigorousness
From Middle English rigoresnes, rigoresnesse, rigorousenes, equivalent to rigorous + -ness.
vesical
From Latin vesica (“bladder”). By surface analysis, vesic- + -al.
vinolent
From Middle English vynolent, from Latin vinolentus, from Latin vinum (“wine”).
virgular
From virgula + -ar and virgule + -ar, both from Latin virgula, diminutive of virga.
vocable
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ-der.
Proto-Indo-European *wokʷ-der.
Latin voc(ā)
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlomder.
Latin -bulum
Latin vocābulumder.
Middle French vocablebor.
▲
Latin vocābulumbor.
Middle English vocable
English vocable
From Middle English vocable, from Middle French vocable and its etymon, Latin vocābulum, from vocō (“to call”).
voivode
Variously from a number of Slavic languages including Bulgarian войвода (vojvoda), Czech vojevoda, Polish wojewoda, Russian воево́да (vojevóda), and Serbo-Croatian vojvoda, војвода, all from Proto-Slavic *vojevoda (“army leader; duke; warlord”).
zugzwang
From German Zugzwang, from Zug (“move”) + Zwang (“compulsion”).
fewmet
Apparently from Anglo-Norman *fumets, from Latin fumāre (“it smokes, steams”). Attested since the fifteenth century. Compare fumet, apparently from French fumier (“dung”).
flagitious
From Old French flagitieux or Latin flāgitiōsus, both ultimately from flāgitium (“shameful crime”), related to flagrum (“whip”).
flavescent
19th century. From Latin flavescens. By surface analysis, Latin flāv(us) + -escent.
ghyll
From Middle English gille, gylle, from Old Norse gil, from Proto-Germanic *gilją.
gracile
Borrowed from Middle French gracil, gracile (“slender, thin”) (modern French gracile (“gracile”)), or directly from its etymon Latin gracilis (“slender, slim, thin; lean, meagre, scanty; simple, unadorned”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kerḱ- (“to become thin; to wane”). The sense “graceful or gracefully slender” was apparently influenced by the non-cognate word grace. The English word is cognate with Italian gracile (“delicate, frail; slender, thin”), Portuguese grácil, Spanish grácil (“graceful; delicate; slender”), and a doublet of gracilis.
jeopard
From Middle English juparte, from jupartie (“jeopardy”) and Old French jeu partir.
wampumpeag
Borrowed from Massachusett wampompeage (“string of white beads used as money”), from wamp, wap, wompi (“white”) + *umpe (“string”) + -ag (plural suffix).
Compare peag (“string of white beads used as money”), also a clipping of wampumpeag.
Cognates
Penobscot wʌ̃pʌ̃pəyak (singular wʌ̃pʌ̃pi)
wanhope
From Middle English wanhope, equivalent to wan- + hope. Cognate with Scots wanhop, wanhope (“wanhope, despair”), West Frisian wanhope (“wanhope, despair”), Dutch wanhoop (“despair”).
wan-
From Middle English wan-, from Old English wan-, from Proto-West Germanic *wana-, from Proto-Germanic *wanaz (“lacking, missing, deficient”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to be lacking, be empty”).
festinate
First attested in 1556; Borrowed from Latin festīnātus, perfect passive participle of festīnō (“to hurry”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
micelle
Borrowed from New Latin mīcella, from mīca (“crumb”) + -ella.
mikan
From Japanese 蜜柑 (ミカン, mikan), short for 温州蜜柑 (うんしゅうミカン, Unshū mikan, literally “honey citrus of Wēnzhōu”).
habile
From Middle English habil, from Old French habile, from Latin habilis (“suitable; apt”), from habeō (“to handle”). Doublet of able.
aidant
From Middle English aydaunt, aydant, a borrowing from Old French aidant, from the verb aidier (“to aid, to help”).
hebdomad
From Late Latin hebdomada (“number seven; group of seven; seven days”), hebdomas (“number seven; seven days; seventh day”), from Ancient Greek ἑβδομάς (hebdomás, “group of seven, especially seven days or seven years”), from ἕβδομος (hébdomos, “seventh”) + -ᾰ́ς (-ắs, suffix forming abstract nouns of number from numerals). The word is cognate with French hebdomadaire, hebdo (“weekly periodical”), hebdomadairement (“weekly”), Portuguese hebdomadário (“weekly periodical”), Spanish hebdomadario (“weekly; weekly periodical; hebdomadary”).
waul
From Middle English wraulen, wrawlen (“cry like a cat; roar”). Compare Danish vræle, vråle, Swedish vråla (“to bellow; roar; howl; yell”). See also wrawl.
stopple
From Middle English stopple, stoppel, stoppell, from Old French estopail, estopaille. By surface analysis, stop + -le.
pasturage
From Middle French pasturage (modern French pâturage). By surface analysis, pasture + -age.
Leghorn
From Old Italian Legorno, from Latin Liburnus, from Liburnī, name of the ancient population of Liburnians. Doublet of Livorno.
bacchant
Borrowed from Latin bacchantem, present active participle of bacchor (“to celebrate rites of Bacchus; to revel”), from Bacchus (“the god of wine”), from Ancient Greek Βάκχος (Bákkhos).
capon
Inherited from Middle English capoun, from Old English capūn, from Old Northern French capon (Old French chapon), from Latin cāpō, cāpōnem (Vulgar Latin *cappō).
tortious
Inherited from Middle English torcious, from Anglo-Norman torcious. By surface analysis, tort + -ious.
maladroit
From French maladroit, from mal- (“bad, badly”) + adroit (“skilful”).
octoroon
Borrowed from Spanish octorón; compare quadroon from cuarterón (“quadroon”).
vilely
From Middle English vyly, vileliche, fijlliche, villiche, equivalent to vile + -ly.
saurian
From Sauria (suborder of lizards) + -an (suffix forming adjectives), under influence from earlier French saurien.
Eleanor
The first known bearer was Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122–1204), Provençal Aliénor, perhaps from Latin alia (“other”) and her mother's name Aenor, its meaning thereby said to be “the other Aenor”. This Aenor seems to come from earlier Adenordis, which might be some corruption of Adamardis, feminine form of Ademar or Adamarus, from Proto-West Germanic *Audamār, from the Proto-Germanic elements *audaz (“riches”) + *mēraz (“fame”).
An Arabic origin from نُور (nūr, “light”) has also been suggested. Eleanor has often been erroneously interpreted as a variant of Helen.
More at Eleanor on Wikipedia. Also see Aenor.
adventurously
From Middle English auntreousliche, equivalent to adventurous + -ly.
seltzer
A toponym from 1735–45 German Selterser (“of Selters”), after Selters, a village known for its carbonated mineral springs.
Telescopium
The constellation was named by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1763, from New Latin telescopium (“a telescope”)
satay
Etymology tree
Tamil சதை (catai)bor.
Javanese ꦱꦠꦺ (saté)bor.
Malay sateder.
English satay
From Malay sate (“satay”), ultimately from Tamil சதை (catai). Doublet of sosatie and shacha.
reticle
Borrowed from Late Latin rēticulum, diminutive of Latin rēte (“net”). Doublet of reticulum, Reticulum, and reticule.
Reticulum
Named by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1763. From later Latin rēticulum (“reticle”). The meaning is often wrongly interpreted as "net", which is an older meaning of the Latin root word. Doublet of reticle, reticule, and reticulum.
Borrowed from Latin rēticulum (“net”). Doublet of reticle, reticule, and Reticulum.
cookery
From Middle English cokerie, kokery, equivalent to cook + -ery.
weasand
Inherited from Middle English wesand, wesande, wesaunt, from Old English *wǣsend, wāsend (“weasand, windpipe, gullet”), from Proto-West Germanic *waisund, *waisundu (“windpipe, gullet”), from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to flow, run”). Cognate with Old Frisian wāsande (“weasand”), Old Saxon wāsendi, Old High German weisant (“windpipe”), Middle High German weisant (“windpipe”), Bavarian Waisel, Wasel, Wasling (“the gullet of ruminating animals”), Alemannic German Weisel (“esophagus (of an animal)”).
Triangulum Australe
Named by Dutch explorers Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman between 1595 and 1597. From Latin triangulum (“triangl”) + australe (“southern”).
jarp
Borrowed from Scots jaup (“(noun) dash or splash of mud, water, etc.; broken piece, fragment; light blow, slap; (verb) of water: to dash; to splash; to cause a splash by striking the surface of or throwing water; to bespatter or splash (mud, water, etc.); (obsolete) to knock about, manhandle”), perhaps from jalp, jilp (“to spill, splash, squirt”), probably originally imitative of a splash.
Pasch
From Middle English Pask, Paske, Paskes, from Old French pasches (modern French Pâques), from Ecclesiastical Latin pascha, from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha), from Aramaic פַּסְחָא (pasḥā), from Hebrew פֶּסַח (pésaḥ). Doublet of Pascha, paska, paskha, and Pesach.
Borrowed from Latin pascha. Perhaps also influenced by Old Norse páskar and its derivatives.
supercede
From Middle English superceden, from Middle French superceder, from Latin supersedēre: super- (“over-”) + sedēre (“to sit”).
scissor
From Middle English cysour, cysoure, cysowre, altered from sisours (“scissors”), from Old French cisoires, cisours, cisur, from Latin caedere (“to cut”); current spelling influenced by Latin scindere, scissus (“to split”).
yex
From Middle English yexen, yixen, yesken, from Old English ġeocsian, ġiscian (“to hiccup”), from Proto-West Germanic *giskōn (“to yawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeys- (“gaping, cracked”). Cognate with Middle Low German gischen (“to sob, sigh”), Middle High German geschen, gischen (“to yawn, gape”).
From Middle English ȝeoxe, ȝoxe, from Old English ġeoxa, ġeocsa, ġihsa (“hiccup; sobbing”).
zamindar
Borrowed from Urdu زمیندار (zamīndār, “landlord”), from Persian زمیندار.
jupe
From Middle English jupe, from Middle French jupe. Doublet of jubbah.
chemise
From French chemise, from Old French chemise, from Late Latin camisa, camisia ("shirt, undergarment, nightgown"; whence Old English cemes (“shirt”)), from Proto-West Germanic *hamiþi (“shirt”) (whence Old English hemeþe, Old High German hemidi, modern German Hemd (“shirt”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱam- (“cover, clothes”).
Cognate also with Saterland Frisian Hoamd (“shirt”), Dutch hemd (“shirt”), Old English ham (“undergarment”), hama (“covering, dress, garment”). See also shimmy, from a dialectal variant. More at hame.
Bordeaux
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-der.
Proto-Celtic *bitus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Celtic *rīxs?
Gaulish Biturīgesder.
Latin Burdigala
Old Occitan Bordel
Occitan Bordèubor.
Middle French Bordeaulx
French Bordeauxbor.
English Bordeaux
Borrowed from French Bordeaux (Middle French Bordeaulx), from Occitan Bordèu, from Old Occitan Bordel, from Latin Burdigala, from a Proto-Celtic root.
nachos
Borrowed from Mexican Spanish nachos, from Nacho. Nacho is a common diminutive form of Ignacio (“Ignatius”) in Spanish. The Mexican creator of the dish, Ignacio Anaya (1895–1975), named it after himself in 1943: Nacho's Especiales.
Mont Blanc
Borrowed from French mont Blanc (literally “white mountain”), from mont (“mount”) + blanc (“white”).
habilitate
Borrowed from Late Latin habilitātus, past participle of habilitāre (“to enable”).
bullion
From Middle English bulloin, bullioun, from Anglo-Norman bullion, of obscure origin, perhaps from French bouillon, extending the sense to that of ‘melting’. Middle Dutch boelioen (“base metal”) seems to have come from the unrelated French billon.
Monophysite
From Medieval Latin monophysita, from Byzantine Greek μονοφυσίτης (monophusítēs), from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “single”) + φύσις (phúsis, “nature”).
crosier
From Middle English; originally referring to the staff bearer, from a merger of Old French words crocier (“bearer of a cross”) and croisier (“one who bears or has to do with a cross”), ultimately from Latin crux (“cross”).
cruet
From Middle English, from Anglo-Norman cruet, diminutive of Old French crue (“an earthen pot”), from Old Saxon krūka.
forint
From Hungarian forint, from Italian fiorino (“florin, the former currency of Tuscany”). Doublet of florin.
shamble
From Middle English schambyll, shamyll, schamel, from Old English sċeamol, scamol (“bench, stool”), from Proto-West Germanic *skamul, *skamil, from Proto-Germanic *skamulaz, *skamilaz, from Latin scamellum, a variant of scabellum (“footstool”). Cognate with Dutch schemel (“footstool, bench”), German Schemel (“stool”), Danish skammel (“stool”). Icelandic skemill (“footstool”).
Cassidy
From the Irish surname, Anglicized from Ó Caiside (“descendant of Caiside”), from cas (“curly-haired”).
manat
Borrowed from Azerbaijani manat and Turkmen manat, both from Russian моне́та (monéta), from Polish moneta, from Latin monēta. Doublet of money and mint.
From Arabic مَنَاة (manāh).
diram
From Tajik дирам (diram), from Persian درم (deram), from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭 (drahm [ZWZN]), from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ). Doublet of dram, drachma, dirham, dirhem, and adarme.
rupiah
Borrowed from Indonesian rupiah, in turn Borrowed from Pali rūpiya (“silver”), in turn borrowed from Sanskrit रूप्यक (rūpyaka, “a silver coin”), from रूप्य (rūpya, “wrought silver”). Doublet of rupee and rufiyaa.
ngultrum
Borrowed from Dzongkha དངུལ་ཀྲམ (dngul kram).
rufiyaa
Borrowed from Dhivehi ރުފިޔާ (rufiyā), ultimately borrowed from Sanskrit रूप्यक (rūpyaka, “a silver coin”), from रूप्य (rūpya, “wrought silver”). Doublet of rupee and rupiah.
amaretto
From Italian amaretto, from amaro (“bitter”) (from Latin amarus) + diminutive suffix -etto.
Charles' Wain
From Middle English Charlewayn, from Old English carles wǣn, apparently from a common Proto-Germanic *karlas wagnaz (cognate with forms in other Germanic languages, e.g. Swedish Karlavagnen). It seems that this common Germanic name originally meant the ‘peasant's wagon’ (the churls' wagon) in contrast to the ‘woman's wagon’ (Ursa Minor). Later it was interpreted as ‘Charles's wagon’ and associated with Charlemagne.
homoiousian
From Ancient Greek ὁμοιούσιος (homoioúsios), from ὅμοιος (hómoios, “like, similar”) + οὐσίᾱ (ousíā, “essence”).
pincer
From Middle English pynsor, from Old French pinceure, pinchure, from pincier (“to pinch”).
lev
Borrowed from Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lǎv, “lion”). Doublet of Leo, leu, lion, and Lyon.
denar
Borrowed from Macedonian денар (denar), from Latin dēnārius. Doublet of denarius, denier, dinar, diner, dinero, and dinheiro.
kroon
Etymology tree
Low German krōneder.
Estonian kroonbor.
English kroon
From Estonian kroon (“crown”). Doublet of crown and corona.
* As a Dutch surname, from the noun kroon (“crown”).
* As a Swedish and north/Low German surname, variant of Kron.
koruna
From Czech and Slovak koruna; cognate with krone and German Krone. Doublet of corona, crown, korona, krona, króna, and krone.
hryvnia
From Ukrainian гри́вня (hrývnja). Doublet of grivna and grzywna.
stotinka
Borrowed from Bulgarian стоти́нка (stotínka, “hundredth”).
polyhalite
From German Polyhalit, from Ancient Greek πολύς (polús) + Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls) + -ite. Polyhalite is unrelated to halite other than name.
schilling
From German Schilling, from Proto-Germanic *skillingaz. Doublet of shilling.
polymorphous
From New Latin polymorphus, from Ancient Greek πολύμορφος (polúmorphos, “multiform, manifold”), from πολυ- (polu-, “many, much”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “form, shape”). By surface analysis, poly- + -morphous.
stuiver
From Dutch stuiver, from Middle Dutch stuyver, stuver (“a small coin”). Akin to Middle Low German stüver.
gourde
From French, originally meaning “heavy, clumsy”. Cognate with Haitian Creole goud.
sucre
From Spanish Sucre, from the name of Venezuelan independence leader Antonio José de Sucre.
Borrowed from Spanish Sucre, named after Antonio José de Sucre.