MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
ba-wan
Borrowed from Hokkien 肉圓 /肉圆 (bah-oân). Doublet of bakwan.
Areopagite
From the Middle English Ariopagite, Ariopagyte, from the Latin arēopagītes, from the Ancient Greek Ἀρεοπαγίτης (Areopagítēs); equivalent to Areopagus + -ite.
skeevies
skeevy, from Italian schifo (“disgust, nausea”), Italian schifare (“to disgust, to loathe”), and Italian schifoso (“disgusting, loathsome”).
claviform
The adjective is derived from Latin clāvifōrmis (“club-shaped, claviform”), from Latin clāva (“a club”) (from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat; to break”)) + -fōrmis (suffix meaning ‘having the form of’) (equivalent to -form, -iform). The English word is cognate with French claviforme. By surface analysis, clav(a) + -i- + form.
The noun is probably derived from the adjective.
From Latin clāvifōrmis (“nail-shaped, claviform”) (attested since 1677), from Latin clāvus (“a nail (metal spike)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“a crook, hook; a peg”), + -fōrmis (suffix meaning ‘having the form of’), equivalent to -form, -iform.
From or cognate to Latin clāvifōrmis (“key-shaped, claviform”) (documented since at least 1844), from Latin clāvis (“key”) (either from Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “something used to lock and unlock, a bar, bolt, key”), or directly from its etymon Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“a crook, hook; a peg”)) + -fōrmis (suffix meaning ‘having the form of’), equivalent to -form, -iform.
jor
Borrowed from Hindustani जोर (jor) / جور (jor).
Tasman
Borrowed from Dutch Tasman, from Old Dutch tas (“purse, pouch”) + man (“person, man”). The places are named after Abel Tasman.
obtrectation
From Middle French obtrectacion and its source, Latin obtrectātiō (“disparagement”), from the participle stem of obtrectāre.
mirach
From Medieval Latin mirac, mirach, from Arabic مَرَقّ (maraqq, “delicate and sensible part of the venter”), from رَقَّ (raqqa, “to be soft”).
Perhaps a corruption of Arabic مِئْزَر (miʔzar).
kagome
Borrowed from Japanese 籠目 (かごめ, kagome).
systyle
From Latin systȳlos, from Ancient Greek σύστῡλος (sústūlos, “with columns standing close”) from σύν (sún, “with”) + στῦλος (stûlos, “column”): compare French systyle. By surface analysis, sy- + -style.
Daur
Official Chinese GB 3304‐91 romanisation. Borrowed from Daur daur and Russian дау́ръ m anim sg (daúr, noun), alternative forms reflect Manchu ᡩᠠᡤᡡᡵ (dagūr), ᡩᠠᡥᡡᡵ (dahūr), and Classical Mongolian ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ (daɣur). The ethnonym has been considered to be originated from Khitan ⿰𘲆𘮒 (dau.úr /⁠*dawur⁠/, “middle, central”), a modifier used in the full name of the Liao empire.
stink-cat
From stink + cat, probably a calque of German Stinkkatze.
holon
From holo- (from Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”)) + -on (like taxon or meron). Coined by Arthur Koestler in his 1967 book The Ghost in the Machine.
unrecompensed
From Middle English unrecompensid; equivalent to un- + recompensed.
Gilyak
From Russian гиляк (giljak), from a word in a Tungusic language, гилэ (gilɛ, “boat”).
beslobber
From Middle English besloberen, equivalent to be- + slobber. Compare beslabber.
chengyu
From Mandarin 成語／成语 (chéngyǔ).
From Chinese.
reblochon
Borrowed from French, from reblocher (“to pinch a cow's udder again”).
sloughi
Borrowed from French sloughi, from dialectal Arabic سْلُوڭِي (slūgī, “greyhound”), from Arabic سَلُوقِيّ (salūqiyy, “greyhound”). Doublet of Saluki.
Chleuh
From French Chleuh, from Moroccan Arabic شلوح (šlūḥ).
trypophobia
From Ancient Greek τρῦπα (trûpa, “hole”), compare Ancient Greek τρυπάω (trupáō, “bore”), + -phobia (from Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear, phobia”)), said to have been coined by a blogger from Ireland in 2005.
Matsumoto
Borrowed from Japanese 松本 (まつもと, Matsumoto).
Phanariote
From Greek Φαναριώτης (Fanariótis).
manless
From Middle English manles, from Old English mannlēas, from Proto-Germanic *manalausaz, equivalent to man + -less. Cognate with Dutch manloos, German mannlos, Icelandic mannlauss.
bishonen
Borrowed from Japanese 美少年 (bishōnen びしょうねん), from Middle Chinese 美 (mij^X, “beautiful”) + 少年 (syewᴴ nen, “teenaged boy”) (compare Mandarin 少年 (shàonián)).
omiai
Borrowed from Japanese お見合い (おみあい, o-miai).
sovkhoz
From Russian совхо́з (sovxóz), abbreviation of сове́тское хозя́йство (sovétskoje xozjájstvo, “soviet farm”).
gelast
From Ancient Greek γελαστής (gelastḗs, “laugher”).
Miletus
From Latin Mīlētus, from Ancient Greek Μίλητος (Mílētos).
herostratic
From Herostratus + -ic (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives from nouns). Herostratus is a learned borrowing from Latin Hērostratus, from Ancient Greek Ἡρόστρατος (Hēróstratos), from Ἥρᾱ (Hḗrā, “Greek goddess of marriage, women, and family”) + στρᾰτός (strătós, “army, military force; band or body of men; common people”). Herostratus (died c. 356 B.C.E.) was a Greek arsonist who sought fame by destroying the second Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (now in Izmir Province, Turkey), according to tradition by setting fire to it on 21 July 356 B.C.E., the birth date of Alexander the Great.
Calmuck
From Middle Polish Kałmuk m sg (noun), from Kipchak [Term?] (/⁠qalmaq⁠/), whence Kazakh қалмақ (qalmaq), Siberian Tatar ҡалмаҡ (qalmaq), etc.
nowhither
From Middle English nowhider, from Old English nāhwider. Analyzable as no + whither.
Marcomanni
Learned borrowing from Latin Marcomanni, from Proto-Germanic *markō (“border”) + *mann- (“man”).
bemean
From Middle English bemenen, equivalent to be- + mean (“to signify”). Compare Middle High German bemeinen (“to mean”).
From be- + mean (“base, lowly”), from Middle English mene, aphetic variation of Middle English imene (“average, lowly, mean”), from Old English ġemǣne (“mean, common, average”). More at mean.
bedmaker
From Middle English bedmaker, bedmakere, equivalent to bed + maker. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Bäädmoaker (“bedmaker”), West Frisian bêdmakker (“bedmaker”), Dutch beddenmaker (“bedmaker”), German Bettmacher (“bedmaker”).
bellfounder
From bell + founder, an alteration (swapping out obsolete yoter (“pourer, founder”) for founder) of Middle English belyotar, belgietere, belleyetere (“bellfounder”).
disaccustom
From Middle English disacustome, from Old French desacostumer (“render unfamiliar”) (compare French désaccoutumer). Equivalent to dis- + accustom.
vitrage
Borrowed from French vitrage (literally “glass covering”), ultimately from Latin vitrum (“glass”).
dinge
From Middle English *dengen, from Old English denġan, denċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *dangijan, from Proto-Germanic *dangijaną (“to beat, hit”).
dockmackie
From Algonquian, perhaps from Lenape dogekumak (“an unknown smokable plant”) via Dutch (whence the diminutive ending -ie), or perhaps from a Mahican word.
fornicatorium
From Latin fornicātiō, from fornix (“brothel”). The ending comes from words such as ciborium and emporium, both Greek loanwords.
spokon
Borrowed from Japanese スポ根 (supokon), a blend of スポーツ (supōtsu, “sports”) + 根性 (konjō, “guts, willpower, spirit”).
beau geste
Borrowed from French beau geste (literally “beautiful gesture”).
*/ˌboʊ ˈʒest/
jeu d'esprit
Borrowed from French jeu d'esprit (“game of the spirit”).
besprinkle
From Middle English bisprenklen, bisprenglen, bispringlen, equivalent to be- + sprinkle.
wannish
From Middle English wannysche, wannyssh; equivalent to wan + -ish.
Helleno-
From Ancient Greek Ἑλλάς (Hellás, “Greece”).
isohypse
From iso- + Ancient Greek ὕψος (húpsos, “height”) (see hypso-).
outwrite
From Middle English outwriten (“to transcribe; write out”); equivalent to out- + write.
Presley
The English surname is usually a variant of Priestley, from Old English prēost (“priest”) + lēah (“wood, clearing”). Equivalent to priest + -ley (“lea”).
The place-name in Scotland may be from Pictish, equivalent to Welsh prys (“bush”) + Welsh lle (“place”).
cowlstaff
From Old French cuvele, from Latin cupela, diminutive of cupa (“cask”), + staff. cowl + staff.
kleroterion
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κληρωτήριον (klērōtḗrion), from κληρόω (klēróō, “appoint by lot”) + -τήριον (-tḗrion, adjective suffix).
better an egg today than a hen tomorrow
Calque of Latin ad praesens ova cras pullis sunt meliora, from Gargantua and Pantagruel by Rabelais.
Zelophehad
From Hebrew צְלָפְחָד (ts'lofchád, “Zelophehad”).
fanal
Borrowed from French fanal, from Ancient Greek φανάριον (phanárion).
motza
Probably from motza, a variant of matzo, or its etymon Yiddish מצה (matse, “(unleavened) bread”). Compare bread, dough (“money”).
on the horns of a dilemma
From horn (“alternative in an argument”), from Latin argūmentum cornūtum (“argument with alternatives”, literally “horned argument”), a reference to an alternative that one can metaphorically get caught on or injured by.
schnozz
Likely from Yiddish שנויץ (shnoyts), cognate to German Schnauze (“snout”) and English snout. Compare schnozzle. A less common theory suggests a variant of nose influenced by schm-, or by general association with Yiddish words. Attested since at least 1940.
sesamum
Unadapted borrowing from Latin sēsamum. Doublet of sesame.
seton
From Middle English seton, setoun, from Medieval Latin sētō, sētōn-.
shog
From Middle English schoggen (“to shake up and down, jog”), possibly from Middle Dutch schocken (“to jolt, bounce”) or Middle Low German schoggen, schucken (“to shog”); all from Proto-West Germanic *skokkōn (“to move, shake, tremble”). Doublet of shock.
younghead
From Middle English yonghede, ȝonghede, equivalent to young + -head.
persienne
Borrowed from French persienne (noun), from Middle French persienne f (adjective).
paltock
Middle English paltok, of uncertain origin; perhaps a contraction of earlier *paletok, from pal (“pall”) + -et + -ok. Compare paletot, pelt (“animal hide”).
betime
From Middle English bitimen (“to happen”); equivalent to be- + time (verb). Compare betide.
From Middle English by-tyme (“by time”); equivalent to by + time.
pictura
Learned borrowing from Latin pictūra (“a painting”). Doublet of picture.
praesidium
From Latin praesidium. Doublet of presidio and presidium.
oliphaunt
From Middle English oliphaunt, olifaunt, from Old French olifant, from Latin elephantus; see elephant for more information.
colure
From Latin colurus, ultimately from Ancient Greek κόλουρος (kólouros, “truncated, dock-tailed”).
Pergamum
From Latin Pergamum, from Ancient Greek Πέργαμον (Pérgamon).
ab origine
From Latin ab (“from”) + origine, ablative singular of origo (“earliest beginning, lineage, origin”).
exuvium
Perhaps from Latin exuvium, or perhaps an independent back-formation from exuvia, under the impression that exuvia is the plural of a Latin second-declension neuter noun exuvium, whereas exuvia is in reality the regularised first-declension singular of Latin exuviae.
apolysis
From Ancient Greek ἀπόλυσις (apólusis, “discharge; literally, absolution”).
Darby
From the English place name Derby, from Old Norse djúr (“deer”) + býr (“settlement”).
mereswine
Inherited from Middle English mereswyn (“porpoise, dolphin”), from Old English mereswīn (“porpoise, dolphin”), from Proto-West Germanic *mariswīn, from Proto-Germanic *mariswīną (“dolphin, porpoise, cetacean”). By surface analysis, mere + swine or mer- + swine.
Jesus wept
Calque of Ancient Greek ἐδάκρυσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς (edákrusen ho Iēsoûs), from John 11:35 in the Bible. See Jesus wept on Wikipedia.
Aston
From Old English ēast (“east”) and tūn (“town, village”). Doublet of Easton.
vasculum
Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wāss
Latin vās
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Italic *-elom
Latin -ulum
Latin -culum
Latin vāsculumbor.
English vasculum
Borrowed from Latin vāsculum (“small vessel”).
pedicellaria
From New Latin pedīcellus (“small foot”) + -aria.
mesyl
From Middle English mesel (“leprous, leper”), from Norman mesel (“leprous, leper”), from Old French mesel (“leprous, leper”), from Late Latin misellus (“leper”), from miser (“wretched, wretch”) + -ellus (“-elle”). Doublet of measles.
neera
Borrowed from Marathi नीरा (nīrā), from Sanskrit नीर (nīra, “juice, water”), ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *nīr.
kopi luwak
Borrowed from Indonesian kopi luwak from kopi + luwak, with Indonesian kopi from Malay kopi & Indonesian luwak from Javanese luwak.
sammel
Uncertain. Perhaps ultimately from Old English *samǣlan (“to half-burn”), from sam- (“half-, partly”) + ǣlan (“to burn”).
sattle
From Middle English sahtlen, which merged with set(t)len, as in the standard English form settle (which see).
homopolar
From homo- (“same”) + polar (“having poles”), from Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same”) + polar.
unshoe
From Middle English unshon, from Old English onscōgan (“to unshoe”), equivalent to un- + shoe.
unlove
From Middle English unloven, equivalent to un- (reversal prefix) + love (verb).
castellanus
From New Latin castellānus, from Medieval Latin castellum (“castle, fortress”) + -ānus (“-an: forming adj.”), from castrum (“fort”) + -ellum (“-elle: forming diminutives”). Doublet of Castilian, castellano, castellan, and chatelain.
abient
Learned borrowing from Latin abiens present participle of abeō (“to go away”), from ab (“from, away”) + eō (“to go”).
mermaiden
From Middle English meremaiden (“mermaid”), from mere (“mere, sea”) + maiden (“maiden”), equivalent to mer- + maiden. Compare Old English meremennen (“mermaid, siren”). More at mere, maiden.
qafiz
From Arabic قَفِيز (qafīz), from Aramaic קְפִיזָא and Classical Syriac ܩܦܝܙܐ (qəp̄īzā), of uncertain derivation from Egyptian, Akkadian, and similar units. Doublet of cahiz and cafiso. Cognate with Ancient Greek καπίθη (kapíthē).
Casanova
From Romance Casanova (Spanish Casanova, Italian Casanova, Catalan Casanova). From casa (house) + nova (new). Literally, “new house”.
recalescence
From Latin recalescere (“to grow warm again”), from re- + calēscere (“to grow warm”), inchoative of calēre (“to be warm”). In use since at least 1873 (Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, published 1985). By surface analysis, re- + calescence, or, by surface analysis, recalesce + -ence.
oitava
From Portuguese oitava, from Old Galician-Portuguese oitavo, from Latin octāvus (“eighth”), q.v., in reference to it making up one-eighth of the alqueire (Portuguese bushel) or onça (Portuguese ounce). Doublet of octave, octavo, and ochava.
lenticularis
From Medieval Latin lenticulāris (“lentil-shaped”), from Latin lenticula, from lēns + -cula, ultimately from Latin lēns (“lentil”).
agrogorod
Borrowed from Russian агрогород (agrogorod, “agronomic town”).
alveary
From Latin alvearium (“beehive”). In the sense of the hollow of the ear, because it is where the wax accumulates. In the sense of a repository: originally the name of a dictionary encompassing several languages, because of the many contributors being like "busy bees".
Mesdames
From French Mesdames, plural of Madame (in turn, from Old French ma dame “my lady”)
aperitive
Borrowed from Medieval Latin aperitivus, from Late Latin apertivus, from Latin aperio. Doublet of apéritif, from French.
aquosity
From Middle English aquosite, from Middle French, from Medieval Latin aquōsitās, from Latin aquōsus + -itās.
araneology
From French aranéologie, from Latin arānea + French -o- + -logie. By surface analysis, araneo- + -logy.
Crean
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Croidheáin (“descendant of Croidheán”), a byname derived from a diminutive of croidhe (“heart”).
acromion
From Ancient Greek ἀκρώμιον (akrṓmion), variant of ἀκρωμία (akrōmía, “acromion”), from ἄκρος (ákros, “summit”) + ὦμ- (ôm-, “shoulder”) + -ιον (-ion, “noun suffix”). Compare -ion, especially in acropodion.
archangelic
From Latin archangelicus. By surface analysis, arch- + angelic or archangel + -ic.
fleshmeat
From Old English flǣsċmete, equivalent to flesh + meat.
Tiamat
Learned borrowing from Akkadian 𒀀𒀊𒁀 (tiāmtum, “sea; a deity”), from Proto-Semitic *tihām- (“sea”).
pinacoderm
From Ancient Greek πίναξ (pínax, “tablet, dish, plank”) + -derm.
mogigraphia
From Ancient Greek μόγις (mógis, “with toil and pain”) + -graphia.
kesa
From Japanese 袈裟 (けさ, kesa), from Middle Chinese 袈裟 (kˠa ʃˠa), from Sanskrit काषाय (kāṣāya).
recurrency
Apparently from recurrent + -cy, although the former is first attested later in a general sense, originally after Italian recorrenza.
bellipotent
Etymology tree
Old Latin duellum
Latin bellum
Proto-Indo-European *pótis
Proto-Italic *potis
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *-ēō
Proto-Italic *potēō
Proto-Italic *potēnts
Latin potēns
Latin bellipotēnsbor.
English bellipotent
Borrowed from Latin bellipotēns.
benefactrix
Learned borrowing from Latin benefactrīx. By surface analysis, benefactor + -trix.
seh
From Hokkien or Teochew. Its exact origins are unclear, possible etymologies include:
* Hokkien 逝 (sē, “to pass away”), which may have been used as a hyperbole to describe someone who has passed out.
* Hokkien 垂垂 (sê-sê, “(literary) to droop, to hang low”).
* Clipping of Taiwanese Hokkien 馬西／马西 (má-se, “tipsy”). This is unlikely, considering that it is not a term found in Singaporean Hokkien.
Diocletian
From Latin Dioclētiānus, Latinate form of Ancient Greek Διοκλῆς (Dioklês). The Roman emperor was named so after his home town of Dioclea in Illyricum.
Moriarty
From Irish Ó Muircheartaigh (“descendant of Muircheartach”), a name from muir (“sea”) + ceardaí (“craftsman”).
bident
PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Latin bidentis (“two-toothed”).
bifarious
From Latin bifārius (“twofold, double”), back-formed from the adverb bifāriam.
asperger
Learned borrowing from Latin aspergēre.
From German Asperger.
koker
From Dutch koker. Doublet of cocker and quiver.
Borrowed from Dutch Koker.
hendecasyllable
Borrowed from Latin hendecasyllabus, from Ancient Greek ἑνδεκασύλλαβος (hendekasúllabos); equivalent to hendeca- + syllable.
sulcate
From Latin sulcātus, perfect passive participle of sulcō (“to plough, furrow”).
digastric
Borrowing from New Latin digastricus, from di- (“twice, doubly”) + gastricus (“gastric”); equivalent to di- + gastric. Doublet of digastricus.
Arietian
From Latin Arietianus, from Aries + -ianus (“-ian”), from aries (“ram”).
univoltine
From French univoltin. By surface analysis, uni- + -voltine.
bivoltine
From French bivoltin. By surface analysis, bi- + -voltine.
cacafuego
From Spanish. From the nickname of the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de la Concepción, meaning "fire-shitter". See caca, fuego.
Breslau
From German Breslau. Doublet of Wrocław.
calceiform
From Latin calceus (“calceus, footwear”) + English -form (“-shaped”) after the model of French calcéiforme.
calcigerous
From Latin calcis (“genitive singular of calx (chalk, limestone)”) + -gerous (“bearing”); compare calciferous.
calefactory
* Borrowed from Latin calefactorius.
* Borrowed from Medieval Latin calefactorium.
appendicular
From appendix + -ule + -ar, from Latin appendicis, genitive of appendix.
hesperium
From Italian Esperio after a Greek name of Italy + -ium, Ancient Greek Ἑσπερία (Hespería, “land of the west”).
responsa
Borrowed from Latin respōnsa, plural of respōnsum (“answer”).
aread
From Old English arēdan, arǣdan, corresponding to a- + read. Cognate with German erraten.
canicular
From Latin canīculāris (“of or related to a puppy; Sothic”), from Canīcula (“puppy; Sirius”) + -aris (“forming adjectives”).
cantillate
First attested in 1864; borrowed from Latin cantillō (“to sing”), from cantillātus + -ō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
scrine
From Old French escrin (French écrin), from Latin scrīnium. Doublet of shrine.
modius
Learned borrowing from Latin modius, from modus (“a measure”) + -ius (adjective-forming suffix). Doublet of muid and mud. See also almud and almude.
ted
Inherited from Middle English tedden, from a possible Old English *teddan, from Proto-West Germanic *taddjan, from Proto-Germanic *tadjaną (“to strew, scatter”).
adret
Borrowed from French adret or Occitan adret, adré, adrech, adreit (“sun-facing side of a mountain”), from Old Occitan adreg, adreit, from a (“to, towards”) (from Latin ad (“to, towards”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at; to”)) + dreg, dreit (“just; right”) (from Latin dīrēctus (“direct, straight”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, right oneself; just, right”)); compare French adroit.
Danica
From Slavic female given name, from the Slavic name for the Morning Star (an aspect of the planet Venus).
brillo pad
From a trademark, probably related to brilliant. The company has claimed that the name derives from a Latin word for bright, but there is no such fitting word in attested Latin; the ancestor of such verbs as Italian brillare (“to shine”) would be a hypothetical Vulgar Latin *b(e)rillāre.
alcarraza
From Spanish alcarraza, from Arabic الكُرَّاز (al-kurrāz), from Aramaic כרז / כרוז (“a type of container”), possibly from Akkadian 𒆳𒍣𒍝𒆪 (/⁠kurziza, kurzizakku⁠/, “a basket, container”), from Sumerian 𒄥𒋛𒁲 (/⁠gursisa⁠/, “basket, container”, literally “normal or standard 𒄥 (gur)”).
anlace
Possibly from Middle English anelas, from Old French alesnaz, from alesne (“awl”), from Frankish *alisnu, *alasnu (“awl”), related to Old High German alasna, Alemannic German Alesne, Alse (“awl”); compare also Old High German āla (“awl”).
epirrhema
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπίρρημα (epírrhēma).
antrorse
From Latin antrorsum, contracted form of *anteroversum, from anterior (“before”) + versum (“turned”), corresponding to English antero- + -verse.
avowry
Inherited from Middle English avowry, avowrie, from Old French avoerie, avouerie (“protection, patronage”), equivalent to avoer or avouer (“to avow”) + -ie.
caprification
From Latin caprifīcātiōnem, ultimately from Latin caprifīcus (“wild fig tree”).
caprigenous
From Latin capra or caper (“goat”), + -genous.
Bethesda
From Aramaic בֵּית חַסְדָּא (bēṯ ḥasdā, “House of Grace”).
ouche
From Middle English ouche, from nouche, which in phrases like a nouche was re-analyzed as an ouche (rebracketing). From Anglo-Norman nusche and Old French nusche (with metanalysis), from a Germanic source; compare German Nusche, Proto-Germanic *hnuts.
threap
From Middle English threp (“a rebuke”), from the verb (see below).
Alternative etymology derives Middle English threp, from Old English *þrēap (“contention, strife”) (attested only as Old English þrēap, in the sense of "troop, band"), ultimately from the same Germanic origin below.
From Middle English threpen (“to scold”), from Old English þrēapian (“to reprove, reprehend, punish, blame”), from Proto-West Germanic *þraupōn, from Proto-Germanic *þraupōną (“to punish”), from Proto-Germanic *þrawō (“torment, punishment”), from Proto-Germanic *þrawjaną (“to torment, injure, exhaust”), from Proto-Indo-European *trōw- (“to beat, wound, kill, torment”). Akin to Old English þrēagan (“to rebuke, punish, chastise”), þrēa (“correction, punishment”), þrōwian (“to suffer”). More at throe.
khachapuri
Borrowed from Georgian ხაჭაპური (xač̣aṗuri).
Casablanca
Borrowed from Spanish Casablanca, a calque of Portuguese Casa Branca, itself calqued from Arabic الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء (ad-dār al-bayḍāʔ, “the white home”).
wasteness
From Middle English wastnesse; equivalent to waste + -ness. Cognate with West Frisian woestens (“wildness, savagery, fierceness”), Dutch woestenis (“wasteland”), German Wüstnis (“desert, wasteland”).
castellate
From Medieval Latin castellātus (“fortified” “made into a castle”), from castellum (“little fortification, castle”) + -ātus (forming participial adjectives). By surface analysis, Latin castellum + -ate (adjective-forming suffix) or castle + -ate.
Borrowed from Medieval Latin castellātus. By surface analysis, castle + -ate (forming nouns denoting a rank or office, the concrete charge of this office).
caulicle
Borrowed from Latin cauliculus (“little stalk”). Doublet of cauliculus.
cauliferous
From cauli- + -ferous, or directly from New Latin caulifer, cauliferus.
cavillation
From Middle English cavillacioun, equivalent to cavil + -ation.
centesimate
First attested in 1753; borrowed from Latin centēsimātus, perfect passive participle of the Latin centēsimō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from centēsimus (“hundredth”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix); compare tertiate, quintate, sextate, septimate, decimate, and duodecimate.
ethnicon
From Ancient Greek ἐθνικόν (ethnikón), neuter gender of ἐθνικός (ethnikós, “national”).
eloign
From Middle English eloynen, from Anglo-Norman esloignier, Old French esloignier, from Vulgar Latin *exlongō, from Latin longe. Doublet of elongate.