MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
motherly
From Middle English moderly, from Old English mōdorlīċ (“motherly, maternal”), from Proto-Germanic *mōdērlīkaz (“motherly, maternal”), equivalent to mother + -ly.
brotherly
From Middle English brotherly, from Old English brōþorlīċ, from Proto-West Germanic *brōþerlīk, from Proto-Germanic *brōþērlīkaz, equivalent to brother + -ly (adjectival suffix). Cognate with Dutch broederlijk (“brotherly”), German brüderlich (“brotherly”), Swedish broderlig (“brotherly”). Piecewise doublet of friarly.
From Middle English brotherly, equivalent to brother + -ly (adverbial suffix).
henotheism
From German Henotheismus, coined in the 19th century by German philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775–1854) from Ancient Greek ἕν (hén, stem of εἷς (heîs, “one”)) + German Theismus (“theism”, ultimately from Ancient Greek θεός (theós, “god”))).
monism
The word was coined by German philosopher Baron Christian von Wolff and first used in English in 1862, from New Latin monismus, from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone”). By surface analysis, mon- + -ism.
Quadragesima
From Latin Quadrāgēsima (“Lent”), from feminine substantive use of quadrāgēsimus (“fortieth”), from the 40 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter using inclusive counting and excluding Sundays.
foreboding
From Middle English forbodyng, vorboding, equivalent to fore- + bode + -ing. Compare German Vorbote (“harbinger, omen”).
thereto
From Middle English therto, from Old English þǣrtō (“thereto”), equivalent to there + to. Cognate with Scots tharto, thereto (“thereto”), Saterland Frisian deertou (“thereto”), West Frisian dêrta (“thereto”), Dutch daartoe (“thereto; for that”), German Low German daarto (“to that; for that; thereto”), German dazu (“to that; for that; thereto”).
therefrom
From Middle English therfrom, þærfrom, þarvram (also as ther-fro, þer-fro, þarfra), equivalent to there + from. Cognate with Danish derfra, Swedish därifrån, Norwegian Bokmål derfra, Norwegian Nynorsk derifrå, derfrå, Icelandic þarfrá. Compare Saterland Frisian deerfon, West Frisian dêrfan, Dutch daarvan, German Low German daarvan, German davon.
therein
From Middle English theryn, ther-inne, þer-in, from Old English þǣrin, þǣrinne, from Proto-West Germanic *þārin, *þārinna, from Proto-Germanic *þarin, *þarinna, equivalent to there + in. Cognate with Saterland Frisian deerin (“therein”), West Frisian dêryn (“therein”), Dutch daarin (“therein”), German Low German daarin (“therein”), German darin, drin (“therein”), Danish deri (“therein”), Swedish däri (“therein”), Icelandic þar í (“therein”).
thereafter
From Middle English therafter, theraftir, þerefter, þerafter, þeræfter, from Old English þǣræfter (“after that; thereafter”), equivalent to there + after. Cognate with Saterland Frisian deerätter (“thereafter”), West Frisian dêrefter (“behind that; thereafter”), Dutch daarachter (“behind that; thereafter”), German Low German daarachter (“behind that”), Danish derefter (“thereafter”), Swedish därefter (“thereafter”).
heretofore
From Middle English heretoforn, equivalent to here (“here”) + toforn (“before”), from Old English tōforan (“before”). More at here, tofore.
spaghetto
Borrowed from Italian spaghetto; see further at spaghetti.
apartheid
Borrowed from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.
nativity
From Middle English nativite, from Anglo-Norman nativite, Middle French nativite, and their source, Latin nātīvitās (“birth”). By surface analysis, native + -ity. See also naïveté.
castellano
Borrowed from Spanish castellano (“Castilian”), from Medieval Latin Castella (“Castile, Land of Fortresses”) + -ānus (“-an: forming adjectives”), from Latin castrum (“fort”) + -ella (“-elle: forming diminutives”). Doublet of Castilian, castellanus, castellan, and chatelain.
boudoir
Borrowed from French boudoir, from bouder (“to sulk”), of Germanic origin.
woo
From Middle English wowen, woȝen, from Old English wōgian (“to woo, court, marry”), of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots wow (“to woo”). Perhaps related to Old English wōg, wōh (“bending, crookedness”), in the specific sense of "bend or incline (some)one toward oneself". If so, then derived from Proto-Germanic *wanhō (“a bend, angle”), from Proto-Indo-European *wonk- (“crooked, bent”), from Proto-Indo-European *wā- (“to bend, twist, turn”); related to Old Norse vá (“corner, angle”).
From an irregular romanization of various Mandarin Chinese surnames including 吳／吴 (Wú), 伍 (Wǔ), 武 (Wǔ), and 巫 (Wū), or from Cantonese 胡 (wu4).
From Korean 우 (u).
* (surname): from Korean 禹, 于
nidus
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-?
Proto-Indo-European *ní
Proto-Indo-European *sed-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-European *nisdós
Proto-Italic *nizdos
Latin nīdusbor.
English nidus
Borrowed from Latin nīdus (“nest”). Doublet of nye and nest.
Athabascan
From Athabasca + -an, from Cree Ahđapaskâw (literally “where there are plants distributed in a net-like pattern”).
metamorphosis
First attested in 1533, from Latin metamorphōsis, from Ancient Greek μεταμόρφωσις (metamórphōsis), from μετά (metá, “change”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “form”). Analyzable as meta- + -morph + -osis
slumber
From Middle English slombren, slomren, frequentative of Middle English slummen, slumen (“to doze”), probably from Middle English slume (“slumber”), from Old English slūma, from Proto-Germanic *slūm- (“slack, loose, limp, flabby”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lew- (“loose, limp, flabby”). Cognate with West Frisian slommerje, slûmerje (“to slumber”), Dutch sluimeren (“to slumber”), German schlummern (“to slumber, doze”), Swedish slummer (“to slumber”). By surface analysis, sloom + -er.
attendance
From Middle English attendance, from Old French atendance, from atendre (“to attend, listen”).
soothe
From Middle English sothen (“to verify, prove the validity of”), from Old English sōþian (“to verify, prove, confirm, bear witness to”), from Proto-West Germanic *sanþōn, from Proto-Germanic *sanþōną (“to prove, certify, acknowledge, testify”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”). Cognate with Danish sande (“to verify”), Swedish sanna (“to verify”), Icelandic sanna (“to verify”). See also sooth. Displaced Old English frēfran, ġefrēfran (“to comfort, console, soothe”), and partially displaced Old English stillan, ġestillan (“to calm, become calm, pacify, quieten”) (whence modern still).
The semantic evolution of "to verify, prove the validity of" → "to comfort" (first attested in the late 17th century) comes from the notion of assuaging someone by supporting the truth of what they say.
placate
First attested in the late 17ᵗʰ century; borrowed from Latin plācātus, perfect passive participle of plācō (“appease, placate”, literally “smooth, smoothen”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more), ultimately thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *plāk- (“smooth, flat”), from *pele- (“broad, flat, plain”). Related to Latin placeō (“appease”), Old English flōh (“flat stone, chip”). More at please.
verify
From Old French verifier (French: vérifier), from Medieval Latin vērificāre (“make true”), from Latin vērus (“true”) + faciō (“do, make”); see -fy.
pleasing
From Middle English plesynge, pleizinge, plesende (present participle), equivalent to please + -ing.
From Middle English plesing, plesinge (“satisfaction; pleasing”), equivalent to please + -ing.
pacify
From Middle French pacifier, from Latin pāx (“peace”) + faciō (“to do, make”). Cognate with pay and peacify.
hood
From Middle English hood, hod, from Old English hōd, from Proto-West Germanic *hōd, from Proto-Germanic *hōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover”).
See also Saterland Frisian Houd (“hat; hood”), West Frisian and Dutch hoed (“hat”), Cimbrian huat, huut (“hat”), German Hut (“hat”), German Low German Hood (“hat; hood”), Luxembourgish Hutt (“hat”); also Proto-Iranian *xawdaH (“hat”) (Avestan 𐬑𐬂𐬛𐬀 (xåda), Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭 (x-u-d /⁠xaudā⁠/)). More at hat.
* As an English and Scottish surname, from the noun hood.
* Also as an English surname, from the Middle English name Hode, a variant of Ode or Odd with prosthetic H-, see Ott, Oates, and also compare Hodson.
* Also as an English and Scottish surname, variant of Hudd.
* As an Irish surname, Anglicized from Ó hUid (“descendant of Ud”). Compare Mahood.
* As a French surname, Americanized from Houde.
multitude
From Middle English multitude, multitud, multytude (“(great) amount or number of people or things; multitudinous”), borrowed from Old French multitude (“crowd of people; diversity, wide range”), or directly from its etymon Latin multitūdō (“great amount or number of people or things”), from multus (“many; much”) + -tūdō (suffix forming abstract nouns indicating a state or condition). The English word is analysable as multi- + -itude.
fluster
The verb is probably from Middle English *flostren (implied in flostring, flostrynge (“agitation; blustering”)) from a Scandinavian (North Germanic) language; compare Icelandic flaustra (“to bustle”), flaustr (“a bustle; a hurry”). Compare Old English flustrian (“to weave, plait, braid”).
The noun is derived from the verb.
aforesaid
From Middle English aforesaid(e), aforeseid(e), past participle of aforesayen, aforeseyen, aforeseien, aforeseggen; formed with the prefix afore- and the several forms of seien (“to say”). Equivalent to afore- + said.
latter
From Middle English latter, lattere, lattre, from Old English lætra, comparative form of læt (“late”). Equivalent to late + -er, thus a doublet of later; also, related to last, whose doublet is latest.
sciolist
From Late Latin sciolus + -ist. First attested at the beginning of the 17th century.
pygmalion
From Pygmalion, from Ancient Greek Πυγμαλίων (Pugmalíōn), from Phoenician 𐤐𐤏𐤌𐤉𐤕𐤍 (pʿmytn /⁠puġ‘mayaton⁠/), from Phoenician 𐤐𐤌𐤉𐤉𐤕𐤍 (pmyytn /⁠pumayyaton⁠/, “Pumay has given”), from Phoenician 𐤐𐤌𐤉 (pmy, “Pumay”) + Phoenician 𐤉𐤕𐤍 (ytn /⁠yaton⁠/, “to give”).
From Ancient Greek Πυγμαλίων (Pugmalíōn), from Phoenician 𐤐𐤏𐤌𐤉𐤕𐤍 (pʿmytn /⁠puġ‘mayaton⁠/), from Phoenician 𐤐𐤌𐤉𐤉𐤕𐤍 (pmyytn /⁠pumayyaton⁠/, “Pumay has given”), from Phoenician 𐤐𐤌𐤉 (pmy, “Pumay”) + Phoenician 𐤉𐤕𐤍 (ytn /⁠yaton⁠/, “to give”).
efflux
From Latin effluxus, from effluō (“flow out or away”), from ex (“out of, from”) + fluō (“flow”). See also effluxion.
outflow
From Middle English outflowen, from late Old English ūtflōwan (attested in the past tense as ūt flēow), equivalent to out- + flow. The noun is derived from the verb.
transient
From Late Latin transiēnt- (for classical transeunt-), stem of transiēns, present participle of trānsīre (“to go over, to pass”).
latke
Borrowed from Yiddish לאַטקע (latke), from either Russian ла́тка (látka, “pastry, patch”) or Ukrainian оладка (oladka, “pancake, fritter”). In Polish łatka (“patch”) or placek, placki (“fritter, fritters”).
Candlemas
From Middle English Candelmasse, from Old English Candelmæsse, equivalent to candle + -mas, following the tradition that the candles to be used in church during the following year are blessed on this day. Compare Old Norse kyndilsmessa (“Candlemas”).
verbiage
From French verbiage. Compare verb meaning "word" in verbal and verbose.
hoopoe
Alteration of obsolete hoopoop, from earlier hoop, from Middle French and Old French huppe, from Latin upupa, ultimately onomatopoeic; Compare Ancient Greek ἔποψ (épops), Persian پوپو (popo).
calligraphy
Borrowed from French calligraphie, from Ancient Greek καλλιγραφία (kalligraphía, literally “pretty writing”), from κάλλος (kállos, “beauty”) + γράφω (gráphō, “to draw”).
genie
From French génie (“genius, genie”), a phono-semantic matching of Arabic جِنِّيّ (jinniyy).
glue
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gleyH-
Proto-Indo-European *glóh₁ytn̥
Proto-Italic *gloiten
Latin glūten
Late Latin glūs
Old French glubor.
Middle English glew
English glue
From Middle English glew, glue, from Old French glu (“glue, birdlime”), from Late Latin glūs (stem glūt-), from Latin glūten. Related to clay.
Partially displaced native Old English līm (“glue”) and ġelīman (“to glue”) (whence modern lime).
docile
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-der.
Proto-Italic *dokeō
Latin doceō
Proto-Indo-European *-elis
Proto-Italic *-elis
Latin -ilis
Latin docilisder.
Middle French docilebor.
Middle English docyle
English docile
From Middle English docyle, from Middle French docile, from Latin docilis, from docēre (“teach”).
Compare Spanish dócil ("docile").
Lakota
Borrowed from Lakota Lakȟóta (“alliance of friends”).
schlep
From Yiddish שלעפּן (shlepn, “to drag”), from Middle High German slepen, from Middle Low German slêpen, from or related to Old High German sleifen (“to drag”) and slifan (“to slip”), from Proto-West Germanic *sleupan.
Compare German schleppen (“to haul”) and its inherited doublet schleifen (“to drag”), Dutch slepen (“to drag”), Danish slæbe (“to haul”).
demotic
First attested in 1822, from Ancient Greek δημοτικός (dēmotikós, “common”), from δημότης (dēmótēs, “commoner”), from δῆμος (dêmos, “the common people”).
Arvid
Borrowed from Danish Arvid, Swedish Arvid or Norwegian Arvid.
palustral
From Latin palustris, from palūs (“swamp”), -al.
actrix
From Latin āctrīx (“female plaintiff”). By surface analysis, actor + -trix. Doublet of actrice.
breeks
From Middle English breke, Northern variant of brechis (“trousers”), from Old English brēċ (“breeches”), plural of brōc (“covering for the leg; trouser”). More at breeches.
patronize
From patron + -ize (verb ending); or from Old French patroniser, from Medieval Latin patronizāre (“to lead a galley as patron”). Piecewise doublet of patternize.
sashimi
Borrowed from Japanese 刺身(さしみ) (sashimi, “sticking into; slicing + flesh, meat”), from the way the flesh of the fish is sliced
sushi
Borrowed from Japanese 寿司(すし) (sushi, “sushi (sour rice)”), ultimately from archaic conjugation 酸(す)し (sushi, “sour, vinegared”) of modern adjective 酸(す)い (sui, “sour, vinegared”).
shelter
From Middle English sheltron, sheldtrume (“roof or wall formed by locked shields”), from Old English sċildtruma, sċyldtruma (“a phalanx, company (of troops), a tortoise, a covering, shed, shelter”, literally “shield-troop”), from sċyld, sċield (“shield”) + truma (“a troop of soldiers”). Cognate with Scots schilthrum, schiltrum. More at shield, and Old English trymman (“to strengthen”), from trum (“strong, firm”) at trim.
Doublet of sheltron (a kind of military formation), which is the more conservative of the two.
variant
From Old French variant, from Latin variāns, the present active participle of variō (“to change”). First attested in c. 1380.
putsch
Borrowed from German Putsch, from Alemannic German Putsch (“knock, thrust, blow”), of imitative origin.
broody
From Middle English *brody, *brodi, from Old English brōdiġ (“broody”), equivalent to brood + -y. Cognate with German brütig (“broody”).
speculator
From Latin speculātor (“spy, explorer, investigator”), from speculor (“to watch, to observe”) + -tor (“-er: forming agent nouns”), from specula (“watchtower”), from speciō (“to watch, to observe”), q.v. In some senses, an agent noun formed within English from speculate. Doublet of spectator.
dolus
Borrowed from Latin dolus (“deceit, trickery”); akin to Ancient Greek δόλος (dólos, “bait, ruse”). Compare dolose, dolosity.
ante meridiem
Unadapted borrowing from Medieval Latin ante merīdiem, from Latin ante (“before”) + merīdiem, accusative singular of merīdiēs (“noon, midday”).
midday
From Middle English midday, from Old English middæġ (“midday, noon”), equivalent to mid- + day. Cognate with Scots midday (“midday”), West Frisian middei (“midday, noon, afternoon”), Dutch middag (“midday, noon, afternoon”), German Mittag (“noon, midday, late morning, early afternoon”), Danish middag (“midday, noon, afternoon”), Norwegian Bokmål middag (“midday, noon, afternoon”), Swedish middag (“midday, noon, afternoon”).
flask
From Middle English flask, flaske (“case, cask, keg”), from Old English flasce, flaxe (“bottle, flask”) and Medieval Latin flascō (“bottle”); from Frankish *flaskā; both from Proto-Germanic *flaskǭ (“braid-covered bottle, wicker-enclosed jug”), from Proto-Indo-European *ploḱ-skō (“flat”), or from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to weave”). Doublet of fiasco, flacon, and flagon.
Related to Dutch fles; also German Low German Flaske, Fless, German Flasche, Danish flaske; also Lithuanian plókščias, Czech ploský, Albanian flashkët.
The sense “laboratory glassware” is from Italian fiasco, and the sense “container for holding a casting mold” is from Middle French flasque (“powder flask”), itself from Old Spanish flasco, frasco, both from Late Latin above.
fower
From Middle English fowere, foware, fowar; equivalent to fow + -er.
From Middle English four, fower, from Old English fēower.
plunder
Recorded since 1632 during the Thirty Years War, native British use since the Cromwellian Civil War. Borrowed from German plündern (“to loot”), from Middle High German, from Middle Low German plunderen, from a noun originally meaning "household goods, bedding, clothing," of obscure ultimate origin. This is first attested in medieval records, and according to Gijsseling, is therefore attested too late to be considered a substrate word. Due to the lack of obvious cognates in other languages from which it would have been loaned, it could have developed as some slang word in Lower Saxony/the Low Countries.
Cognate with Dutch plunderen, West Frisian plonderje, Saterland Frisian plunnerje. Probably denominal from a word for “household goods, clothes, bedding”; compare Middle Dutch plunder, German Plunder (“stuff”), Dutch and West Frisian plunje (“clothes”).
The Philippine definition originates with the Anti-Plunder Act, an act of Congress enacted in 1991.
ravine
Borrowed from French ravin (“a gully”), from Old French raviner (“to pillage, sweep down, cascade”), from ravine (“robbery, rapine; violent rush of water, waterfall, avalanche; impetuosity, spirit”), from Latin rapīna (cf. rapine).
From Middle English ravene, ravine, from Old French raviner (“rush, seize by force”), itself from ravine (“rapine”), from Latin rapīna (“plundering, loot”), itself from rapere (“seize, plunder, abduct”).
redux
From Latin redux (“that returns”), from redūcō (“to bring back”). The word may have re-entered popular usage in the United States with the publication of the novel Rabbit Redux (1971) by John Updike, although it had previously been used in medicine, literary titles, and product names.
Hokkien
Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien and Fujian.
calamity
From Middle French calamité, from Latin calamitās (“loss, damage; disaster”).
fool's paradise
From Middle English foles paradise, folis paradyce, first recorded in the Paston Letters (1462).
actuary
From Latin āctuārius (“copyist, account-keeper”), from āctus (“public business”); see actuarius.
shul
Borrowed from Yiddish שול (shul, “school, synagogue”), from Old High German scuola (“school”), from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ). Doublet of schola and school.
Eber
Borrowed from Hebrew עֵבֶר (ʿéver).
forelock
From Middle English *forelock, *forelok, from Old English forelocc, equivalent to fore- + lock.
From Middle English forelok, equivalent to fore- + lock.
Isles of Scilly
From Cornish Syllan, from British Latin (Insulae) Sillinae, Silina, Siluruni, found in Ancient Greek as Σίλυρες (Sílures), Σύρινες (Súrines), of uncertain origin, but suggested by some to be from solis insulae (“isles of the sun”). Coates (2006) proposed an origin in Proto-Semitic *s-l- (“rock, cliff”) (cf. Hebrew סלע (“rock”)).
requiescat in pace
Unadapted borrowing from Latin requiēscat in pāce.
requiescant in pace
Unadapted borrowing from Latin requiēscant in pāce.
archimandrite
Borrowed from French archimandrite, from Latin archimandrīta, from late Ancient Greek ἀρχιμανδρίτης (arkhimandrítēs), from ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “highest”) + μάνδρα (mándra, “enclosure, cloister, monastery”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, “member of”).
peahen
From Middle English pehenne, equivalent to pea (“peafowl”) + hen. Compare Icelandic páhæna (“peahen”). See also peacock, peafowl, peachick, etc.
noumenon
From German Noumenon, from Ancient Greek νοούμενον (nooúmenon, “thing that is known”), passive present participle of νοέω (noéō, “I know”).
lade
From Middle English laden, from Old English hladan and Old English hleadan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaþan, from Proto-Germanic *hlaþaną (“to load”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”).
From Middle English lad, from Old English lād, from Proto-Germanic *laidō (“a way, course”). Related to lode, lead (“to conduct”).
* As a Norwegian surname, from Old Norse hlaða (“to stack, pile”).
* As a north German surname, variant of Ladwig, Ludwig.
* Also as a German surname, from the archaic noun Lade (“chest”).
* As an English surname, from Old English lad (“waterway”).
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λάδη (Ládē).
enfeeble
From Middle English enfeblen, from Old French enfeblir. Constructed like en- + feeble.
kopek
Borrowed from Russian копе́йка (kopéjka), from копьё (kopʹjó, “spear”) (from the image of a rider with a spear on the coins minted by Moscow after the capture of Novgorod in 1478). Doublet of kopeika, kopiyka, and kapeek.
penury
From Late Middle English penuri, penurie (“destitution, need, poverty; dearth, lack, scarcity”), borrowed from Latin pēnūria (“need, scarcity, want”) + Middle English -i, -ie (suffix forming abstract and collective nouns); further etymology uncertain, possibly related to paene (“almost, nearly; barely, hardly, scarcely”, adverb), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate; to hurt”).
dai
Borrowed from Hindi दाई (dāī), from Sanskrit.
Borrowed from Welsh Dai.
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 傣 (Dǎi), borrowed from a Tai language. Doublet of Tai and Thai. Compare Thai ไท (tai).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 代 (Dài), likely from a presinitic name for the area or its people.
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 戴 (Dài).
Tyrone
From Irish Tír Eoghain (literally “land of Eoghan”).
seraglio
From Italian serraglio, from Vulgar Latin *serrāculum, from a late form of Latin serāre (“lock up, close”), from sera (“lock, bolt”). The Italian word was used (because of phonetic similarity) to translate Turkish saray (“palace”). Compare serai, serail.
distortion
Borrowed from Latin distortio, distortionis, from distortus.
dusk
From Middle English dosk, dusk(e) (“dusky”, adj.), from Old English dox (“dark, swarthy”), from Proto-Germanic *duskaz (“dark, smoky”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-, related to *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, mist, haze”). Cognate to Latin fuscus (“dark, dusky”), Sanskrit धूसर (dhūsara, “dust-colored”), Old Irish donn (“dark”). Related to dye, dust and dun (see these for more).
From Middle English dusken, from Old English doxian.
Cecil
From Latin Caecilius, a Roman family name derived from caecus (“blind”). The surname has absorbed the Old Welsh Seisyllt, from Latin Sextilius, from Sextus.
beware
From Middle English bewar, be war, be ware, forms of Middle English ben ware (“to be on one's guard, be vigilant”, literally “be ware”), equivalent to be + ware or be + aware. Compare Old English bewarian.
manuscript
1597, from Medieval Latin manūscrīptus, a calque of Germanic origin, equivalent to Latin manū (ablative of manus (“hand”)) + Latin scrīptus (past participle of scribere (“to write”)). Not found in Classical Latin.
From Medieval Latin manūscrīptum (“writing by hand”), a calque of Germanic origin: compare Middle Low German hantschrift (“manuscript, document”), Middle Dutch hantscrift (“manuscript”) (c. 1451), Old High German hantgiskrīb (“handwriting, document, manuscript”), Middle High German hantschrift, hantgeschrift (“manuscript”) (c. 1450), Old English handġewrit (“what is written by hand, deed, contract, manuscript”) (before 1150), Old Norse handrit (“manuscript”) (before 1300). Not found in Classical Latin.
harpoon
From Old French harpon, from Latin harpaga, a variant of Latin harpagō, from Ancient Greek ἁρπάγη (harpágē, “hook”), from ἁρπάζω (harpázō, “to snatch away, to carry off, to seize, to captivate”). Sense and spelling perhaps influenced by Dutch harpoen (“harpoon”). Doublet of harpagon.