MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
threadbare
PIE word
 *bʰosós
From Middle English thred-bar, thred-bare (“of cloth, clothing, etc.: worn to such an extent that the warp and weft threads show, shabby, worn-out; (figurative) inadequate, poor”) [and other forms], from thred (“piece of textile twine”) (from Old English þrǣd (“thread”), from Proto-Germanic *þrēduz (“thread; twisted fibre”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn, twist”)) + bar, bare (“naked, unclothed, bare; not covered”) (from Old English bær (“naked, bare; unconcealed”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“naked, bare”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰosós (“bare; barefoot”)). The English word is analysable as thread + bare.
threefold
From Middle English threfold, from Old English þrīfeald. Equivalent to three + -fold.
thriftless
From Middle English thrifteles, þriftles, equivalent to thrift + -less.
ooecium
From New Latin ōoecium, from Ancient Greek ᾠόν (ōión, “egg”) + οἰκίον (oikíon, “dwelling, abode”). By surface analysis, oo- + oecium.
arborescent
From Latin arborēscēns, present active participle of arborēscō (“become a tree”). First attested around 1675. The philosophical sense refers to the way genealogy trees are drawn.
pecker
From Middle English pekker, equivalent to peck (“to pick at something in the manner of a bird”) + -er (“forming agent nouns”).
maharaja
Borrowed from Hindi महाराजा (mahārājā). First attested in 1698.
Miskito
From Spanish Mosquito, and its source, Miskito Miskito, of unknown origin.
fickleness
From Middle English fikelnesse, equivalent to fickle + -ness.
flamethrower
From flame + thrower, calque of German Flammenwerfer.
obsequies
Plural of obsequy; from Middle English obsequias, obsequies, obsequyes, from Latin obsequiae.
satin
From French satin, which is derived from "Zaitun", the Arabic name for the Chinese city of Quanzhou, itself derived from Arabic زَيْتُون (zaytūn, “Zayton; olive”), from phono-semantic matching from Chinese 刺桐 (MC tshjeH duwng, “coral tree”) in 刺桐城 (MC tshjeH duwng dzyeng, “coral tree town”), an old name for Quanzhou.
quadrangular
From Middle English quadrangulere, from Late Latin quadrangulāris. Compare Middle French and French quadrangulaire. By surface analysis, quadr- + -angular.
depredate
Late Latin depraedari, depraedat-: Latin de- + praedari (“to plunder”).
grievous
From Middle English grevous, from Anglo-Norman grevous, from Old French grever, from Latin gravō (“to burden”). Developed in the 13th century. Equivalent to grief + -ous.
nouveau
Unadapted borrowing from French nouveau. Recognized as English in 1828. Doublet of novel.
captivity
From Middle English captivite, from Latin captīvitās. By surface analysis, captive + -ity. Entered into the English lexicon around the 14th century.
captor
Borrowed from Late Latin captor, from Latin capiō. English usage began around 1688.
nonpareil
From Late Middle English non-parail (“unparalleled, nonpareil”) [and other forms], from Middle French nonpareille, nonpareil (“unparalleled”) (obsolete), from non- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + pareil (“alike, like, same”). Pareil is derived from Old French pareil, from Late Latin pāriculus (“equal; like; of a number: even”), from Latin pār (“equal; like; of a number: even; suitable”) + -culus (a variant of -ulus (suffix forming diminutives)). Doublet of umpire.
Noun sense 4 (size of type standardized at 6-point) is usually taken to derive from the attractive type cut by the brothers Giovanni and Gregorio De Gregori (fl. 1482–1503 and 1496–1527 respectively) for their 1498 edition of the divine offices in Venice; it was for a long time the smallest-sized type in use.
Phoenicia
Borrowed from Latin Phoenicia, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek Φοινίκη (Phoiníkē).
The word is already found in the Mycenaean Greek ethnonym 𐀡𐀛𐀑𐀍 (po-ni-ki-jo). Ultimately from Egyptian fnḫw, f:n:x-w-V12:Z2 ‘Canaanites, Syrians’.
inflexion
From Middle French inflexion, itself from Latin īnflexiō.
psychedelic
From Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “mind, soul”) + δῆλος (dêlos, “manifest, visible”) + English -ic (prefix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’), coined by the English psychiatrist Humphry Osmond (1917–2004) in a 1956 letter to Aldous Huxley.
oy vey
Borrowed from Yiddish אוי וויי (oy vey, literally “oh woe”), from Middle High German ōwē, from ō + wē, the latter being from Old High German wē, from Proto-Germanic *wai, from Proto-Indo-European *wai. Cognate with German o weh, Dutch oh wee, Latin vae, and Esperanto ho ve.
practicable
Borrowed from Latin prācticābilis, partly modelled on Middle French praticable. By surface analysis, practice (verb) + -able.
Sidon
From Latin Sidon and Ancient Greek Σιδών (Sidṓn), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn).
intromission
From Medieval Latin intrōmissiō, intrōmissiōn- (“introduction, admission; usurpation”), intro- (“into”) + missiō (“sending”), from Latin intrōmissus (“sent in, introduced, let in, admitted”), perfect passive participle of intrōmittō (“send in, let in”).
lode
Doublet of load, which has however become semantically restricted. The now-archaic lode continues the old sense of Old English lād (“way, course, journey”) but by the 19th century survived only dialectally in the sense of “watercourse”, as a technical term in mining, and in the compounds lodestone, lodestar.
toft
From Old Norse toft, from Proto-Germanic *tumþiz, from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“to build”).
seductive
From Latin sēduct-, past-participle stem of sēdūcere, + -ive.
Kurd
Attested in English since roughly 1600, from Kurdish کورد (kurd) and Classical Persian کُرْد (kurd), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gurd /⁠kurd⁠/), ultimately of unknown origin. More at Kurds.
Winston
From Old English personal name Wine, in the genitive singular case Wines + tūn (“farm, village”).
dalliance
From Middle English daliaunce et al., from dalien (“to exchange pleasantries, to chat; to flirt”), from Old French dalier, dailer. By surface analysis, dally + -ance.
satchel
First recorded circa 1340 as Middle English sachel, from Old French sachel, from Late Latin saccellum (“money bag, purse”), a diminutive of Latin sacculus, itself a diminutive of saccus (“bag”). See sack.
seduction
Borrowed from Middle French séduction, from Latin sēductiō, from sēdūcō. Equivalent to seduce + -tion.
real McCoy
Corruption of Scots the real MacKay, this latter attested in 1856 as “A drappie o’ the real MacKay” (A drop of the real MacKay). How “MacKay” became “McCoy” is unclear; first attested in the form “McCoy” in the US in 1908.
The term is the subject of many folk etymologies, discussed at the Wikipedia entry.
effusion
Borrowed from Middle French effusion, from Latin effūsiō (“outpouring”). Displaced native Old English āgotennes.
eclogue
From Middle English eclog, from Latin ecloga, from Ancient Greek ἐκλογή (eklogḗ, “selection”).
erst
From Middle English erste, from Old English ǣresta (“first”), from Proto-West Germanic *airist (“earliest, first”), equivalent to ere + -est. Cognate with North Frisian iarst, iáárs, jarst, jest (“first”), West Frisian earst (“first”), Dutch eerste (“first”), German erste (“first”).
hyperbolic
From Latin hyperbolic(us), from Ancient Greek ὑπερβολικός (huperbolikós). First attested in the 15th century. By surface analysis, hyperbol(e) + -ic.
spangle
The noun is derived from Middle English spangel (“small piece of ornamental metal, spangle; small ornament”) [and other forms], from spang (“small piece of ornamental metal, spangle; small ornament; type of bowl or cup”) + -el (diminutive suffix). Spang is derived from Middle Dutch spange, spaenge (“buckle, clasp; brooch; spangle”) (modern Dutch spang (“clasp; hook; metal hairband; metal pin”)), from Middle Low German spangel (“small chain or clasp”), from Proto-Germanic *spangō (“brooch; clasp”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to twist; to weave”). The English word is analysable as spang + -le (diminutive suffix).
The verb is derived from the noun.
clod
From Middle English clod, a late by-form of clot, from Old English clot, from Proto-West Germanic *klott (“mass, ball, clump”). Compare clot and cloud; cognate to kloot (“clod”).
Alternatively, Middle English clod may derive from Old English *clod (found in Old English clodhamer (“a kind of thrush”) and Clodhangra (a placename)), from Proto-West Germanic *kloddō (“lump, clod”), from *gel- (“to ball up, become lumpy”), related to West Frisian klodde (“clod, lump”), Dutch klodde (“lump, blob”).
kesho-mawashi
Borrowed from Japanese 化粧廻し (“ornamental belt”).
brumal
From Latin brūmālis (“of or pertaining to the winter solstice; wintry”), from brūma (“the winter solstice; winter”), which is a contraction of *brevima (“the shortest (day)”).
brume
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mreǵʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-us
Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰusder.
Proto-Italic *breɣʷis
Latin brevis
Latin brūmabor.
Old French brume
French brumebor.
English brume
Borrowed from French brume, from Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”). Brūma is derived from brevima, brevissima (“shortest”), the superlative of brevis (“brief; short”) (the winter solstice being the shortest day of the year), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”).
brumous
From brume + -ous, probably modelled after French brumeux (“foggy, hazy, misty”), from Late Latin brūmōsus (“wintry”), from Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”) + -ōsus (suffix forming adjectives from nouns). Brūma is derived from brevima, brevissima (“shortest”), the superlative of brevis (“brief; short”) (the winter solstice being the shortest day of the year), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”).
komatik
From Eastern Canadian Inuktitut ᖃᒧᑏᒃ (qamotiik); attested since about 1824.
oniochalasia
From Ancient Greek ὤνιος (ṓnios, “for sale”) + χαλαστικός (khalastikós, “relaxing”).
oniomania
Internationalism, from Ancient Greek ὤνιος (ṓnios, “for sale”) + -mania, after German Oniomanie.
undulation
From undulate + -ion, or borrowed from Medieval Latin undulātiō; compare French ondulation.
scamp
From Middle Dutch schampen (“slip away”), from Old French escamper (“to run away, to make one's escape”), from Vulgar Latin *excampāre. Compare escape.
Perhaps related to sense 1, but influenced by the later attested skimp; however, compare Icelandic skamta (“to dole out, to stint”), which is related to skammur (“short”).
Clymene
From Ancient Greek Κλυμένη (Kluménē).
unyoke
From Middle English unyoken, from Old English unġeocian (“to unyoke”), equivalent to un- + yoke.
gleek
From Middle French glic, from Old French glic (“a game of cards”), of Germanic origin from or related to Middle High German glücke, gelücke (“luck”) and Middle Dutch gelīc (“like, alike”). More at luck, like.
Related to Etymology 1. Of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse *gleikr, leikr (“sport, play, game”), from Proto-Germanic *galaikaz (“jump, play”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyg-. Cognate with Old English ġelācan (“to play a trick on, delude”), Scots glaik (“a glance of the eye, deception, trick”, n.), Scots glaik (“to trick, trifle with”, v.). More at lake.
deport
Borrowed from French déporter. With the meaning of "behave", from Old French deporter (“behave”), from Latin deportō, from de- + portō.
chastity
From Middle English chastite, from Old French chasteté, a semi-learned adaptation of Latin castitas, equivalent to chaste + -ity.
bru
From Afrikaans broer. Doublet of bhai, brother, frater, friar, pal, and vai.
yokozuna
From Japanese 横綱(よこづな) (yokozuna, “wide rope”), the symbol of their rank worn about the waist.
ozeki
Borrowed from Japanese 大関(おおぜき) (ōzeki).
juryo
Borrowed from Japanese 十両(じゅうりょう) (jūryō, “ten ryō”), from Middle Chinese 十 (dʒip, “ten”) + 兩 (ljáng, “tael”).
posology
From Ancient Greek πόσος (pósos, “how much?”) + -ology (suffix indicating a branch of learning).
dohyo
Borrowed from Japanese 土(ど)俵(ひょう) (dohyō).
rikishi
From Japanese 力士(りきし) (rikishi), from Middle Chinese 力士 (lik-dʐí), from Old Chinese 力士 (*k.rək m-s-rəʔ, “man of great strength”), from 力 (*rɯɡ, “strength”) + 士 (*zrɯʔ, “man; soldier”).
basho
From Japanese 場所(ばしょ) (basho), short form of 本場所(ほんばしょ) (honbasho, “honbasho”).
honbasho
From Japanese 本場所(ほんばしょ) (honbasho).
turbine
Borrowed from French turbine, from Latin turbō, turbinem (“tornado, whirlwind; crowd”).
crith
Borrowed from Ancient Greek κριθή (krithḗ, “barley corn, a small weight”).
fisher cat
From French fiche or fichet (“polecat pelt”), from Middle Dutch visse (“nasty”) (contemporary Dutch: vies (“nasty, dirty”)), influenced by fisher.
fisher
From Middle English fischer, fischare, from Old English fisċere (“fisher”), from Proto-Germanic *fiskārijaz (“fisher”), equivalent to fish + -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Fisker (“fisher”), West Frisian fisker (“fisher”), Dutch visser (“fisher”), German Low German Fisker, Fisser (“fisher”), German Fischer (“fisher”), Danish fisker (“fisher”), Swedish fiskare (“fisher”).
From French fichet (“polecat pelt”), probably from Dutch visse (“nasty”); modified by folk etymology to resemble Etymology 1.
depot
From French dépôt, from Old French depost, from Medieval Latin dēpositum, from Latin, participle of dēpōnō, dēpōnere. Doublet of deposit.
locality
From French localité, from Late Latin localitas, equivalent to local + -ity.
forgiveness
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Germanic *fra-
Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-
Proto-Germanic *gebaną
▲
Late Latin perdōnōcalq.
Proto-Germanic *fragebaną
Old English forġiefan
Proto-Germanic *-in-
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ti
Proto-Germanic *-ōną
Proto-Germanic *-inōną
Proto-Indo-European *-dyé-
Proto-Germanic *-atjaną
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Germanic *-þuz
Proto-Germanic *-assuz
Proto-Germanic *-inassuz
Proto-West Germanic *-nassī
Old English -nes
Old English forġiefnes
Middle English forgiveness
English forgiveness
From Middle English forgiveness, forgifnes, from Old English forġiefnes. By surface analysis, forgive + -ness. Cognate with Dutch vergiffenis.
correspondent
From Latin, via Middle French or directly, from Medieval Latin correspondēns, present participle of correspondeō.
pickaninny
Probably from a Portuguese pidgin, from Portuguese pequenino (“boy, child”), noun use of pequenino (“tiny”), from pequeno (“small”). In South African uses probably partly after Afrikaans pikenien.
pleroma
Learned borrowing from Late Latin pleroma (“(Gnosticism) spiritual universe seen as the totality of the essence and powers of God”), from Koine Greek πλήρωμᾰ (plḗrōmă, “(biblical) perfect fullness”), Ancient Greek πλήρωμᾰ (plḗrōmă, “that which fills, a complement; a filling up, a completing”), from πληρόω (plēróō, “to make full, fill; to complete, finish”) (from πλήρης (plḗrēs, “complete, full”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)) + -όω (-óō, suffix forming verbs with the sense of making someone be or do something)) + -μᾰ (-mă, suffix forming nouns denoting the result or effect of an action).
Noun sense 1.1 (“plant”) is borrowed from New Latin Pleroma, a genus name coined by the Scottish botanist David Don (1799–1841) in 1822, from Ancient Greek πλήρωμᾰ (plḗrōmă) (see above) to describe the way the seeds of the plant filled the capsule.
Noun sense 2 (“state of perfect fullness”) is chiefly used in reference to Colossians 2:9 of the Bible: “Ὅτι ἐν αὐτῶῳ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς θεότητος σωματικῶς [For in Christ all the fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form]”.
salvage
From Old French salver (see also save, from a variant form), from Late Latin salvare (“to make safe, secure, save”), from Latin salvus (“safe”) with the English suffix -age.
Borrowed from Spanish salvaje, from Catalan salvatge, from Late Latin *salvāticus, alteration of Latin silvāticus (“wild”, literally “of the woods”). Confused false friends; English salvage and Tagalog salbahe (“mischievous, naughty”).
Borrowed from Spanish salvaje (“savage, uncivilised”). The name likely derives from an encounter between the Spanish and the local indigenous population.
coherence
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Proto-Italic *kom-
Latin con-
Latin haereō
Latin cohaereō
Latin cohaerēns
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Italic *-ios
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ia
Latin cohaerentiader.
Middle French coherenceder.
English coherence
From Middle French coherence, from Latin cohaerentia. By surface analysis, cohere + -ence.
fatherless
From Middle English faderles, federles, from Old English fæderlēas, from Proto-Germanic *fadērlausaz, equivalent to father + -less. Cognate with German vaterlos.
motherless
From Middle English moderles, from Old English mōdorlēas, from Proto-Germanic *mōdērlausaz, equivalent to mother + -less. Cognate with Saterland Frisian muurloos (“motherless”), Dutch moederloos (“motherless”), German mutterlos (“motherless”), Danish moderløs (“motherless”), Swedish moderlös (“motherless”), Icelandic móðurlaus (“motherless”).
amasumo
From Japanese アマ相撲 (ama-sumō); ama is a shortening of English amateur.
conjoin
From Old French conjoindre, from Latin coniungo, from con- (“together”) + iungo (“join”). Equivalent to con- + join.
jungyo
Borrowed from Japanese 巡業 (じゅんぎょう, jungyō), from Middle Chinese 巡 (zwin, “to make rounds, tour”) + 業 (ngjæp, “work”).
jun-yusho
From Japanese 準優勝 (jun-yūshō).
chankonabe
Borrowed from Japanese ちゃんこ鍋 (chankonabe).
chaya
From Japanese 茶屋 (chaya).
From Spanish chaya.
From Hebrew חַיָּה (khayá, “alive”).
From Hebrew חַיָּה (ḥayyā, “living”).
chikara gami
From Japanese 力紙 (chikara-gami, “strength paper”).
chikara mizu
From Japanese 力水 (chikara mizu, “strength water”).
chonmage
Borrowed from Japanese 丁髷 (chonmage).
dolmen
Borrowed from French dolmen. Perhaps incorrectly fabricated from Breton taol maen (taol (“table”) + maen (“stone”)) (the correct compound would be *taolvaen, not **daolmaen). An alternative theory states the French term derives instead from Cornish tolmen, from toll (“hole”) + men (“stone”); compare the name of the Cornish standing stones Men an Toll. See also menhir.
danpatsushiki
Borrowed from Japanese 断髪式 (danpatsushiki).
intai-zumo
From Japanese 引退相撲 (intai-zumō, literally “retirement sumo”).
deshi
Borrowed from Japanese 弟子 (deshi, “disciple, pupil”).
fumidawara
Borrowed from Japanese 踏み俵 (fumidawara, “stepping-bale”).
a la mode
Unadapted borrowing from French à la mode (“in fashion”). The US sense was coined by polyglot restaurant owner John Gieriet in Minnesota in the 1800s though later attributed to Berry Hall and Charles Watson Townsend.
fusen
Borrowed from Japanese 不戦 (fusen, “not fighting, not competing”).
gunbai
From Japanese 軍配 (“war fan”), shortened form of 軍配団扇 (gunbai uchiwa).
caoutchouc
Borrowed from French caoutchouc, from Spanish caucho, from Quechua kawchu.
reaching
From Middle English reching, rechyng, recchinge, rechand, from Old English *rǣċende and reċċende (“reaching”), from Proto-Germanic *raikijandz, present participle of *raikijaną (“to stretch, reach”) and Proto-Germanic *rakjandz, present participle of *rakjaną (“to stretch, straighten”). Equivalent to reach + -ing.
From Middle English rechynge, recchinge, from Old English rǣċing (“reaching, extending”), equivalent to reach + -ing.
recorder
From Middle English recordour, borrowed from Old French recordour, from Old French recordeor, from Medieval Latin recordātor, from Latin recordor (“call to mind, remember, recollect”), from re- (“back, again”) + cor (“heart; mind”). By surface analysis, record + -er.
From Middle English recorder, from record (“to practice (music)”); ultimately cognate with Etymology 1.
Sercquiais
From French sercquiais, from Sercq (“Sark”).
geniculate
PIE word
 *ǵónu
Learned borrowing from Latin geniculātus (“with bended knee”), from geniculum (“little knee”) + -ātus (participial adjective-forming suffix), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
From Latin geniculātus (more at etymology 1), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
nought
From Middle English nought, noght, noȝt, from Old English nōwiht, nāwiht, which in turn comes from ne-ā-wiht, which was a phrase used as an emphatic "no", meaning "not anything". Equivalent to ne + ought or ne + a + wight. Doublet of naught and not.
Nazareth
Via Latin Nāzareth and Koine Greek Νᾱζᾰρέθ (Nāzăréth) from Hebrew נָצְרַת (nāṣraṯ), of uncertain origin.
bibulous
From Latin bibulus from bibō (“drink”) + -ulus from Proto-Italic *pibō, from Proto-Indo-European *píph₃eti, from root *peh₃- (“drink”); whence also imbibe and beverage via Old French beivre.
unbroken
From Middle English unbroken, from Old English unġebrocen (“unbroken”), equivalent to un- + broken. Cognate with Dutch ongebroken (“unbroken”), German Low German unbroken (“unbroken”), German ungebrochen (“unbroken”).
yar
From Middle English ȝaren, ȝurren, ȝeorren, from Old English ġeorran, ġirran, gyrran (“to sound, chatter, grunt, creak, grate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gerran (“to creak”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise, rattle, gurgle, grumble”). Cognate with Scots yarr, yirr (“to snarl, growl, quarrel, cause trouble”), Middle High German girren (“to roar, cry, rattle, chatter”).
From Middle English yar, ȝar, variants of yare, ȝare, from Old English ġearu (“ready”), from Proto-West Germanic *garu, from Proto-Germanic *garwaz.
haberdasher
From Middle English, 13th century. Uncertain but may derive from Anglo-Norman habertas (“small goods”).
okra
From an unknown West African language, probably Igbo ọ́kụ̀rụ̀ but cf. Akan ŋkrũmã and ŋkrakra (“broth”).
dizzy
From Middle English dysy, desy, dusi, from Old English dysiġ (“stupid, foolish”), from Proto-West Germanic *dusīg (“stunned; dazed”).
Akin to West Frisian dize (“fog”), Dutch deusig, duizig (“dizzy”), duizelig (“dizzy”), German dösig (“sleepy; stupid”).
cordwain
From cordovan, from Córdova (“a Spanish town”), borrowed from Spanish Córdoba.
cordovan
Borrowed from Spanish cordován (now cordobán). Doublet of cordwain.
cordwainer
From Middle English cordewainer, cordewaner, from Anglo-Norman cordewaner, from Old French cordoan (“(leather) of Cordova”). See also cordovan, itself borrowed from Spanish Córdoba.
Canticles
A clipping of Canticle of Canticles, a calque of Latin Canticum Canticorum (“Song of Songs”).
tinnitus
Learned borrowing from Latin tinnītus (“a jingling, ringing”).
hanazumo
From Japanese 花相撲 (hana-zumō, literally “flower sumo”).
Kiritimati
Borrowed from Gilbertese Kiritimati (“Christmas”), from English Christmas.
mauri
Borrowed from Māori mauri.
Borrowed from Italian Mauri.
higashi
From Japanese 東 (higashi, “east”), from the way the eastern or right side of the sumo ranking list is considered more prestigious, by analogy with the rising sun as opposed to the setting sun.
From Japanese 干菓子 /乾菓子 (higashi, literally “dry confectionery”).
Borrowed from Japanese 東 (Higashi).
nishi
From Japanese 西 (nishi, “west”), from the way the western or left side of the sumo ranking list is considered less prestigious, by analogy with the setting sun as opposed to the rising sun.
ichidai toshiyori
From Japanese 一代年寄 (ichidai toshiyori, literally “lifelong elder”).
oichomage
From Japanese 大銀杏髷 (oo-ichō-mage, literally “gingko topknot”).
juryo-kaku
From Japanese 十両格 (jūryō-kaku).
pooh
Originally onomatopoeic ("perhaps ancient" according to Online Etymology Dictionary) for a puff of air, after earlier poh and similar to later pew, phew, pho, phoo, poof. Later influenced by poop, onomatopoeic for the sound of flatulating and defecating, and by interjections of disgust similar to phew, pee-ew. Interjection for an unpleasant smell possibly linked to French puer (“to stink”).
kanjin-sumo
From Japanese 勧進相撲 (kanjin-zumō), with zumō changed to its usual English form sumo.
Celia
Borrowed from Latin Caelia, feminine of Roman family name Caelius, probably from caelum (“heaven”). Introduced into English by William Shakespeare in As You Like It.
Borrowed from Italian Celia.
Delia
From Ancient Greek Δηλίᾱ (Dēlíā), epithet of the goddess Artemis, referring to her birth on the island of Delos.
Unadapted borrowing from Polish delia.
kinboshi
Borrowed from Japanese 金星 (kinboshi, “gold star”).