MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Aglionby
From the Norman personal name Agyllun, which probably derives from Old French aguillun (“point, thorn”), + Old Norse býr (“farmstead”).
quingenary
From Latin quīngēnārius (“containing 500”), from Latin quīngēnī (“500 each”) + -ārius (“-ary”), from quīngentī (“five hundreds”). Cognate with quingenarious and quinquagenary.
Sangeeta
Borrowed from Sanskrit संगीत (saṃgīta).
Adeyemo
Borrowed from Yoruba Adéyẹmọ.
Red Forest
From red + forest. Calque of Slavic (Russian Ры́жий лес (Rýžij les) and Ukrainian Руди́й ліс (Rudýj lis)). From the reddish colouration of the forest leaves and trees in the contamination zone.
Glauber
Borrowed from German Glauber, a Jewish Ashkenazi surname.
Elham
Borrowed from Persian الهام (elhâm), itself borrowed from Arabic إِلْهَام (ʔilhām, “inspiration”). Related to Ilham.
Most likely inherited from Old English.
Sadd
From Middle English sad (“considered, thoughtful, serious”), a nickname for a serious or solemn person.
Mogridge
Habitational surname from a lost or unidentified place in Devon, from an Old English personal name *Mogga + hryċġ (“ridge, spur”).
Frogge
From Middle English frogge (“frog”), a derogatory nickname for someone who looked like a frog in some way.
Gunnerson
Americanized spelling of numerous Scandinavian surnames, such as Swedish Gunnarsson, or Danish and Norwegian Gundersen.
Hanbury
From Old English hēan, accusative, dative and genitive case of hēah (“high”) + byriġ, the dative case of burg (“fortified place”).
Two main origins:
* Habitational surname of Old English origin, from either of the two villages in England.
* Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó hAinmhire (“descendant of Ainmhire”), a personal name composed of the elements ain- (“bad, unnatural”) + mire (“madness, frenzy, mania”).
Dasi
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大寺.
From Mandarin 大溪 (Dàxī) Tongyong Pinyin romanization: Dàsi.
Northmoor
From Old English norþ (“north”) + mōr (“moor”).
Preesall
From Cumbric *pres (“bush”) + Old Norse hǫfuð or Old English hēafod, both meaning 'head.'
Tiociu
Borrowed from Indonesian Tiociu, from Teochew 潮州 (dio5 ziu1).
Kriat HaTorah
Borrowed from Hebrew קְרִיאַת הַתּוֹרָה.
gelilah
Borrowed from Hebrew גְּלִילָה (glilá).
elears
Borrowed from Polish elearzy, from Hungarian előharcos (literally “leading warrior”), from elő- (“leading”) + harcos (“warrior”); or from előjáró, an alternative form of elöljáró (“superior”).
hermafrodite
Compare Dutch hermafrodiet, Portuguese hermafrodita, and Spanish hermafrodita.
Anticlea
From Ancient Greek Ἀντίκλεια (Antíkleia, literally “without fame”).
antimins
From Ancient Greek Ἀντιμήνσιον (Antimḗnsion).
Knippel
Borrowed from German Knippel, a variant of Knüppel.
Knezevic
Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Knežević (meaning "son of a prince"), from Proto-Slavic *kъ̏nędzь.
mie goreng
Borrowed from Indonesian mie goreng, from Malay mi goreng, from mi + goreng, with Malay mi from Hokkien 麵 /面 (mī).
mee goreng
From mee + Malay goreng, with mee from Hokkien 麵 /面 (mī).
kacang puteh
From Malay kacang putih or kacang puteh (1924-1972 spelling), meaning “white nuts”, originally referring to chickpeas.
Chyzh
From Belarusian чыж (čyž) or Ukrainian чиж (čyž), from Proto-Slavic *čižь (“siskin”).
Chizh
From Belarusian чыж (čyž), Ukrainian чиж (čyž), or Russian чиж (čiž), from Proto-Slavic *čižь (“siskin”).
Orocio
Borrowed from Spanish Orocio; this surname is predominantly found in Mexico.
Thronson
Americanized form of Norwegian Throndsen or Trondsen.
Tigert
Americanized spelling of German Teikert or Deikert.
Summerhays
Probably a topographic surname from Middle English somer (“summer”) + heye (“enclosure, yard”).
Evander
From Latin Euander, from Ancient Greek Εὔανδρος (Eúandros, literally “good man”).
Anacapa
From Chumashan Anyapakh or Anyapax (deception or mirage).
Maslany
From Polish Maślany, from maślany; Belarusian Ма́сляны (Másljany), from ма́сляны (másljany); or Ukrainian Масляний (Masljanyj), from масляний (masljanyj); ultimately from Proto-Slavic *maslěnъ.
Scarff
From northern Middle English scarfe (“cormorant”), itself from Old Norse skarfr (compare Icelandic skarfur (“cormorant”)), either a nickname for someone who resembled a cormorant or a byname from Old Norse Skarfi.
Bradner
Two main origins:
* English habitational surname from a place called Bradnor Hill, in Herefordshire, named with Old English brādan, dative form of brād (“broad, wide”), + ōra (“hill slope”).
* An altered spelling of South German Brettner, an occupational surname for someone who cut shingles or boards.
Whiteway
From Old English hwīt (“white”) + weġ (“way, road”).
Zhdanov
Borrowed from Russian Жда́нов (Ždánov) after Andrei Zhdanov.
Borrowed from Ukrainian Жда́нов (Ždánov), from Russian Жда́нов (Ždánov). Named after Soviet politician Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov.
Mosammat
From Bengali মোসাম্মৎ (mōśammot) and Urdu مُسَمّاۃ (musammat), from Arabic مُسَمَّاةٌ (musammātun, “named”), feminine passive participle of سَمَّى (sammā).
Nishnaabemwin
Borrowed from Eastern Ojibwa and Ottawa Nishnaabemwin.
hungweiping
From Mandarin 紅衛兵 /红卫兵 (hóngwèibīng), Wade–Giles romanization: hung²-wei⁴-ping¹.
alethonym
From Ancient Greek ἀληθής (alēthḗs, “true”) and ὄνυμα (ónuma, “name”), equivalent to aletho- + -onym.
Bugis
From Malay Bugis, from Makasar ᨅᨘᨁᨗᨔᨗ (Bugisi'), probably from Proto-South Sulawesi **Bugis or Buginese ᨓᨘᨁᨗ (Wugi'), ᨕᨘᨁᨗ (Ugi'), ᨕᨚᨁᨗ (Ogi') (a self-designation). Cognate with Mandar Bugis, Toraja-Sa'dan Bugi'.
Bachar
Various origins:
* Borrowed from Hebrew בֶּכֶר (békher), a Jewish Sephardic surname.
* Borrowed from Polish Bachar, perhaps a nickname from bach (“child”) or bachorz (“belly”).
* Americanized spelling of Slovene Bačar, a habitational surname from any of various places in Slovenia called Bača.
Shahbagi
From Bengali শাহবাগী (śahbagī), from Bengali শাহবাগ (śahobag), a locality in Dhaka, Bangladesh that was home to the 2013 Shahbag protests.
Allday
From the unrecorded Old English personal name *Ǣþeldæġ, which is composed of the elements ǣþel (“noble”) and dæġ (“day”).
Harthill
From Old English heorot (“deer, hart”) + hyll (“hill”).
Canwell
Habitational surname from a minor place in Staffordshire, named either with Old English canne (“can, cup, container”) or the personal name Cana + wella (“well, spring, stream”).
Hadera
Borrowed from Amharic ሃደራ (hadära).
Klymchuk
Borrowed from Ukrainian Климчук (Klymčuk).
Underhay
Probably a topographic surname, from Old English under (“under”) + heġe (“hedge; fence”).
Charvi
Transliteration of Hindi चार्वी (cārvī), from Sanskrit चार्वी (cārvī), feminine of चारु (cāru).
health code
Calque from Chinese 健康碼／健康码 (jiànkāngmǎ).
Drohobych
Borrowed from Ukrainian Дрого́бич (Drohóbyč).
Shahr-e Posht
Borrowed from Iranian Persian شهرپشت.
Haghtanak
From Armenian Հաղթանակ (Haġtʻanak).
Washabaugh
Americanized spelling of German Weschebach or Waschenbach.
McGibbon
Anglicized form of Irish and Scottish Gaelic Mac Giobúin (“son of Gibbon”), a pet form of the personal name Gilbert.
Xibaipo
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西柏坡 (Xībǎipō).
Elford
From either the Old English personal name Ella or alor (“alder”) + ford (“ford”).
Buraq
Borrowed from Arabic البُرَاق (al-burāq).
Asis
Borrowed from Spanish Asís; this surname is predominantly found in the Philippines.
Schwertfeger
Borrowed from German Schwertfeger (literally “swordsmith”).
Repetto
Borrowed from Italian Repetto; this surname is also well attested in Argentina and Uruguay.
Goncalo
Borrowed from Portuguese Gonçalo, variant of Gonçalvo.
arahitogami
Borrowed from Japanese 現(あら)人(ひと)神(がみ) (arahitogami).
McCrillis
Of Irish or Scottish Gaelic origin; perhaps a variant of McNelis.
Tlicho
Borrowed from Dogrib Tłı̨chǫ (“dog-flank”).
mithridatium
From Late Latin mithridatium, from Latin Mithridātīus (“of or related to Mithridates”), from Mithridātēs + -ius, from Ancient Greek Μιθριδάτης (Mithridátēs), the Greek form of the name of Mithridates VI of Pontus. Doublet of mithridate, mithridatum, and mithridaticon.
erekiteru
From Japanese エレキテル, itself from Dutch elektriciteit (“electricity”).
Meixian
Borrowed from Mandarin 梅縣 /梅县 (Méi Xiàn) via Hanyu Pinyin.
mithridaticon
From Ancient Greek Μιθριδατικόν (Mithridatikón, “Mithridatic (thing)”), from Μιθριδάτης (Mithridátēs) + -ικός (-ikós), the Greek form of the name of Mithridates VI of Pontus. Doublet of mithridate, mithridatium, and mithridatum.
mithridatum
From Late Latin mithridatum, variant of mithridatium, from Latin Mithridātīus (“of or related to Mithridates”), from Mithridātēs + -ius, from Ancient Greek Μιθριδάτης (Mithridátēs), the Greek form of the name of Mithridates VI of Pontus. Doublet of mithridate, mithridatium, and mithridaticon.
Ostrovsky
Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Jewish surname, borrowed from Островский (Ostrovskij). Compare Ostrowsky.
Khatiwada
Borrowed from Nepali खतिवडा (khatiwaḍā).
Maulden
From Old English mǣl (“mark, sign; cross, crucifix”) + dūn (“hill”).
Margarito
Borrowed from Spanish Margarito; this surname is predominantly found in Mexico.
Crataeis
Borrowed from Latin Crataeis, from Ancient Greek Κραταιΐς (Krataiḯs).
Razi
Borrowed from Persian رازی (râzi), a habitational surname for a person coming from Ray, Iran. This surname is also well attested in Pakistan.
cygneous
from Latin cycnēus, from Ancient Greek κύκνειος (kúkneios).
bedikat chametz
Borrowed from Hebrew בְּדִיקַת חָמֵץ.
Levay
Borrowed from Hungarian Lévay, a Jewish surname originating from the personal name Levi.
Hellstrom
Borrowed from Swedish Hellström, an ornamental surname composed of the elements häll (“stone, rock”) and ström (“river, stream”).
Galstyan
Borrowed from Armenian Գալստյան (Galstyan).
Burklow
Americanized spelling of Swiss German Bürkle or Bürkli.
Pherkad
From Arabic فرقد (farqad, “calf”), from aḫfa al farkadayn ("the dim one of the two calves") in reference to Pherkad and Kochab, previously dual North Stars. Formally approved by the International Astronomical Union's Working Group on Star Names on 21 August 2016.
McCoskrie
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic and Irish Mac Coscraigh (“son of Coscrach”), a byname from coscrach (“victorious, triumphant”). Compare Cosgrove.
Mildmay
Two possible origins:
* From Old English milde (“mild”) + mægden (“girl, virgin”), a nickname for a young woman.
* From Old English milde (“mild”) + dēma (“judge”), a nickname for a merciful judge or person.
Sorokine
Possibly derived from Russian Соро́кин (Sorókin) via French Sorokine.
Phaethusa
From Ancient Greek Φαέθουσα (Phaéthousa, literally “radiance”).
theront
From Ancient Greek θήρ (thḗr, “beast, fantastic animal”) + -ont.
Cydippe
From Ancient Greek Κυδίππη (Kudíppē).
Kydonia
From Ancient Greek Κυδωνία (Kudōnía), q.v.
Kalfus
Probably an Americanized spelling of German Kalbfuss.
Cords
A variant spelling of Cordes, or an Americanized form of German Kordts.
Duerson
Probably an Americanized form of North German Dührssen or Dyrssen.
McQuain
Anglicized form of Irish Mac Cuáin (“son of Cuán”), a diminutive of cú (“hound”).
Hechavarria
Borrowed from Spanish Hechavarría, a variant of Echeverria, a surname of Basque origin.
Sviatohirsk
Borrowed from Ukrainian Святогі́рськ (Svjatohírsʹk).
Tiantongyuan
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 天通苑 (Tiāntōngyuàn).
Yom HaKippurim
From Hebrew יום הכיפורים.
yom tov
From Hebrew יוֹם טוֹב (yom tov). Pronunciation from Yiddish יום־טובֿ (yontev).
pirsumei nisa
Borrowed from Aramaic פִּרְסוּמֵי נִיסָּא.
siyum
From Hebrew סִיּוּם (siyúm, “completion”).
besamim
From Hebrew בְּשָׂמִים (b'samím), plural of בושם / בֹּשֶׂם (bósem).
milchemet reshut
Borrowed from Hebrew מִלְחֶמֶת רְשׁוּת.
baal keriah
From Hebrew בַּעַל קְרִיאָה.
zwastika
From Russian Z + swastika, comparing the Russian nationalist usage of the Z letter to the Nazi German swastika as a symbol of war against Ukraine. See the Russian section on Z for more information.
lai lai
Borrowed from Mandarin or Hokkien. Reduplication of 來 /来, Mandarin 來／来 (lái) or Hokkien 來／来 (lâi).
choga
Borrowed from Persian چوقه (čôqa), possibly from Ottoman Turkish چوقه (çoka or çuka). Cognate with English chokha and Hindi चोग़ा (coġā).
chuckmuck
Borrowed from Hindi चक़मक़ (caqmaq).
dadny
Borrowed from Hindi दादनी (dādnī), from Classical Persian دَادَن (dādan).
Shih-tzu-shan
From Mandarin 獅子山 /狮子山 (Shīzǐshān) Wade–Giles romanization: Shih¹-tzŭ³-shan¹.
Rueisuei
From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 瑞穗 (Ruìsuì) Tongyong Pinyin romanization: Ruèisuèi.
Cruttenden
Probably a habitational surname from a lost village in Kent, perhaps from Old English crūċ (“cross”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”) + denn (“woodland pasture”).
Matan Torah
From Hebrew מַתַּן תּוֹרָה.
Procopius
Via Latin Procopius from Koine Greek Προκόπῐος (Prokópĭos), from Ancient Greek προκοπή (prokopḗ, “progress forward to prosperity; advancement toward success; improvement by diligence”), with Latin suffix -ius equivalent to Greek suffix -ῐος (-ĭos).
Etcheverry
Americanized spelling of Basque Etxeberri.
fasciated wren
Claque of, or possibly calqued by, its translingual name, Calque of translingual Campylorhynchus fasciatus, from Latin.
Ruscism
Borrowed from Russian раши́зм (rašízm) or Ukrainian раши́зм (rašýzm), blend of Ра́ша (Ráša, “Russia (chiefly derogatory)”) + фаши́зм (fašízm, “fascism”), the first an unadapted borrowing from English Russia. Compare Russian Росси́я (Rossíja, “Russia”) or Ukrainian Росі́я (Rosíja, “Russia”). By surface analysis, blend of Russia + fascism.
Soter
Borrowed from Ancient Greek σωτήρ (sōtḗr).
From the Greek personal name Σωτήριος (Sotírios).
mudaliyar
From Tamil முதலியார் (mutaliyār) (plural of முதலி (mutali, “chief”)), in early forms probably via Portuguese modeliar.
biur chametz
Borrowed from Hebrew בִּעוּר חָמֵץ (bi'úr khaméts).
Coel
* As an English surname, derived from the noun coal.
* As a German surname, Americanized from Kohl.
* As a Dutch surname, Americanized from Kool.
* As a Scottish Gaelic and Irish surname, variant of McCool.
Stony Stratford
Recorded as Stani Stratford in 1202; from Old English stānig (“stony”)
Joven
Borrowed from Spanish Joven; this surname is predominantly found in the Philippines.
Regmi
Borrowed from Nepali रेग्मी (regmī).
Ozaeta
Borrowed from Spanish Ozaeta, a habitational surname of Basque origin.
Bandar Abbas
Borrowed from Persian بندر عباس (bandar abbâs).
Mondal
Borrowed from Bengali মণ্ডল (monḍol).
akhni
Borrowed from Bengali আখনী (akhni), ultimately from Classical Persian یخنی (yakhni, “stew”).
battleful
From Middle English bateilfuller (comparative); equivalent to battle + -ful.
Girtford
From Old English grēot (“grit, sand, gravel”) + ford (“ford”).
Kinwick
Recorded as Chenemondewiche in the Domesday Book, the village is named with the Old English personal name Cynemund, which is composed of the elements cyne- (“royal”) and mund (“trust, security, protection”), + wīċ (“village”).
Seddington
From Old English sūþ (“south”) + -ing + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Waldridge
From the Old English weall (“wall”) + hryċġ (“ridge”). The surname could also be a variant of Wooldridge.
Sianfu
From the Postal Romanization of Mandarin 西安府 (Xī'ān fǔ), from Xi'an's former status as the center of a military commandery, 府 (fǔ).
Suthar
Borrowed from Gujarati સુથાર (suthār, “carpenter”).
Skaff
Borrowed from Lebanese Arabic سكاف (sakkāf, “shoemaker”).
Orta
Borrowed from Catalan, Galician and Portuguese Orta, a topographic surname from horta (“kitchen garden”).
Sze Yap
From Cantonese 四邑 (sei³ jap¹).
Black Dutch
In reference to Germans, a mangled calque of German schwarze Deutsche (“black Germans”) under influence from Dutch.
Sinaean
From Sinae + -an, from Latin Sinae, from Ancient Greek Σῖναι (Sînai), q.v.
Wendorff
Borrowed from German Wendorff, a variant of Wendorf.
Trueba
Borrowed from Spanish Trueba, probably a surname of Basque origin.
Trivino
Borrowed from Spanish Triviño; this surname is predominantly found in Colombia.
Hailufeng
Borrowed from Mandarin 海陸豐 /海陆丰 (Hǎilùfēng). Doublet of Hai Lok Hong.
McCarroll
Anglicized form of Irish Mac Cearbhaill (“son of Cearbhall”), a personal name of uncertain origin. Compare McCarville, which shares the same etymology
Bengoechea
Borrowed from Spanish Bengoechea, Castilianized form of Basque Bengoetxea.
Guediguian
Borrowed from Armenian Կետիկյան (Ketikyan), possibly via French Guédiguian.
russist
From Ukrainian раши́ст (rašýst), itself a blend of Ра́ша (Ráša, “Russia”) (derogatory) + фаши́ст (fašýst, “fascist”).
century of humiliation
Derived from Chinese 百年國恥 /百年国耻 (bǎinián guóchǐ). Coined in 1915 in opposition to the Twenty-One Demands by the Japanese Empire.
Rashism
Borrowed from Ukrainian ра́шизм (rášyzm), Russian ра́шизм (rášizm); originally formed from Ра́ша (Ráša, “Russia (derogatory, slang)”) + фаши́зм (fašízm, “fascism”).
Ryanggang
Borrowed from Korean 량강도(兩江道) (Ryanggangdo).
Pungsan
Borrowed from Korean 풍산(豐山) (Pungsan).
Aslin
Two main origins:
* English surname from the Old French personal name Asceline, a pet form of Asse.
* Borrowed from Swedish Åslin, an ornamental surname from ås (“ridge”).
Weiand
Borrowed from German Weiand, a variant of Wiegand.
Willenbring
Borrowed from German Willenbring, a variant of Willenbrink.
Olander
Borrowed from Swedish Ölander, a habitational surname for someone from the island of Öland.
Savicki
From Belarusian Савіцкі (Savicki), Ukrainian Сави́цький (Savýcʹkyj), Савіцький (Savicʹkyj), Russian Савицкий (Savickij), or a respelling of Polish Sawicki.
Sze Yup
From Cantonese 四邑 (sei³ jap¹).
Maranao
From Maranao Mëranaw (“people of the lake”).
Amaseia
From Ancient Greek Ἀμάσεια (Amáseia).
Little Pink
Calque from Chinese 小粉紅／小粉红 (xiǎofěnhóng). Compare pinko.
Arpita
Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्पिता (arpitā).
Reusser
Occupational Alemannic German and south German surname, from several words such as
* Reuse (“fish trap”)
* Obsolete Middle High German riusen (“to complain, moan”)
* Obsolete reussen (“to castrate”)
Torreblanca
Borrowed from Spanish Torreblanca; this surname is predominantly found in Mexico.
Mundford
From the unattested Old English personal name *Munda + ford (“ford”).
Birtwistle
Habitational surname from a lost village in Lancashire, from Old Norse birki- (“birchen”) + Old English twisel (“fork, bifurcation”).
Nazbol
From Russian нацбол (nacbol), but with z perhaps by association with Nazism.
mishloach manot
From Hebrew מִשְׁלֹחַ מָנוֹת (mishlóach manót).
Romuva
From Lithuanian Romuva, a Baltic pagan temple known in mediaeval records as Romowe. The term Romuva means sanctuary or abode of inner peace, from the Baltic root ram-/rām- (peaceful, quiet), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rem-.
Krasnow
Jewish surname, from the Polish or German spelling of Russian Краснов (Krasnov).
Aphthartodocetae
From Ancient Greek Ἀφθαρτοδοκῆται (Aphthartodokêtai).
Aphthartodocetism
From Ancient Greek ἀφθαρτοδοκητισμός (aphthartodokētismós), derived from Ancient Greek ἀφθαρτος (aphthartos, “incorruptible”) + Ancient Greek δοκέω (dokéō, “I seem, I appear”).
apostless
From Middle English apostlesse, apostelesse, apostolesse, apostolas, apostyllesse; equivalent to apostle + -ess.
apoxyomenos
From Ancient Greek ἀποξυόμενος (apoxuómenos), present mediopassive participle of ἀποξύω (apoxúō, “to scrape off”).
Aptera
From Greek Ἄπτερα (Áptera), from Ancient Greek Άπταρα (Áptara), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀞𐀲𐀷 (a-pa-ta-wa, “Apatawa”)
araracanga
Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese araracanga. Doublet of aracanga.
Girgenti
Borrowed from Italian Girgenti, itself from Sicilian Girgenti (“Agrigento”).
Asahel
From Biblical Hebrew עֲשָׂהאֵל (ʿăśâ'ēl)
Asclepieion
From Ancient Greek Ἀσκληπιεῖον (Asklēpieîon).
ashkoko
Borrowed from Amharic አሽኮኮ (ʾäškoko).
Chenonceaux
Borrowed from French Chenonceaux, from Chenonceau (from Latin Cenoncellum) + the patronymic suffix -x.
Eufracio
Borrowed from Spanish Eufracio; this surname is predominantly found in Mexico.
Filpo
Borrowed from Spanish Filpo; this surname is predominantly found in the Dominican Republic.
Hellanodikas
From Ancient Greek Ἑλλανοδίκας (Hellanodíkas, literally “Judge of the Greeks”).
aurorian
From Latin aurōr(a) + English -ian (cognate with Latin -ianus) or from aurora + -ian.
Hesiodian
Akin to Hesiod + -ian, from Latin Hēsiodīus, from Ancient Greek Ἡσιόδειος (Hēsiódeios).
hanjian
Borrowed from Mandarin 漢奸／汉奸 (hànjiān).
amejo
Borrowed from Japanese アメ女(じょ) (amejo, literally “Ame(rica) woman”).
awapuhi
Borrowed from Hawaiian ʻawapuhi, from Proto-Polynesian *kava-pui from Proto-Polynesian *kawa; doublet of kava and kawakawa via Tongan and Māori respectively.
Azelfafage
Either:
* From Arabic الذَّيْل الدَّجَاجَة (aḏ-ḏayl ad-dajāja, “the tail of the hen”). Cygnus is known in Arabic as الدَّجَاجَة (ad-dajāja, “the hen”).
* From Arabic الظِّلْف الْفَرَس (aẓ-ẓilf al-faras, “the hoof of the horse”), in reference to Pegasus, or to another “Stallion” constellation known to medieval Arabs. In the modern conception of constellations, Pegasus does not extend this far, but its hooves do border another part of Cygnus.
Ittoqqortoormiit
From Tunumiisut Ittoqqortoormiit.
troglo-
From Ancient Greek τρώγλη (trṓglē, “cave”).
Gornick
Americanized spelling of Slovene Gornik or Górnik.
korban todah
From Hebrew קָרְבָּן תּוֹדָה.
Cogbill
Unclear, but possibly a nickname from either Middle English cok (“cock, rooster”) + bill (“beak”) or Middle English cokebelle (“small bell”).
typhlophile
From French typhlophile, equivalent to typhlo- + -phile.
tunful
From Middle English tonneful (attested in the plural as tonnefullis), equivalent to tun + -ful.
Souk Ahras
Souk is from Arabic سُوق (sūq, “market”). Ahras is from a Berber word meaning lion.
triratna
Borrowed from Sanskrit त्रिरत्न (triratna).
overmoody
From Middle English overmodi, ofermodiȝ, from Old English ofermōdiġ (“haughty, proud, arrogant”), from ofermōd (“arrogance, pride”) + -iġ. Equivalent to over- + mood + -y.
Porto-Vecchio
Borrowed from French Porto-Vecchio, from Italian Porto Vecchio.
Bruggemann
Borrowed from German Brüggemann; compare Brueggemann.
Yelang
The pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 夜郎 (Yèláng).
Dowdeswell
From the unattested Old English personal name *Dogod + -s- + wella (“well, spring, stream”).
Parkari Koli
From Gujarati કોળી (Kōḷī).
argyraspid
From Ancient Greek ἄργυρος (árguros, “silver”) and ᾰ̓σπίς (ăspís, “shield”). By surface analysis, argyr- + aspid.
Gohil
Borrowed from Gujarati ગોહિલ (gohil).
Hernon
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó hIarnáin (“descendant of Iarnán”), possibly a diminutive of íarn (“iron”).
azmari
Borrowed from Amharic አዝማሪ (ʾäzmari).
masenqo
Borrowed from Amharic ማሲንቆ (masinḳo).
Sindhi Bhil
From Sindhi ڀيل (Bhīl).
Lizano
Borrowed from Spanish Lizano; this surname is predominantly found in Costa Rica.
Kisamore
Americanized form of German Geismar, a habitational surname.
Kenoyer
Respelling of German Kneuer, a variant of Knauer.
Kaid
Borrowed from Arabic قَائِد (qāʔid); this surname is predominantly found in Algeria.
contraproductive
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Proto-Italic *kom-
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Italic *-teros
Proto-Italic *komterosder.
Proto-Italic *komterād
Latin contrābor.
English contra-
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Italic *pro-
Late Latin prō-
Proto-Indo-European *dewk-
Proto-Indo-European *déwkti
Proto-Italic *doukō
Late Latin dūcō
Late Latin prōdūcō
Proto-Indo-European *-wós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.
Late Latin -īvus
Late Latin prōductīvusbor.
English productive
English contraproductive
From contra- + productive. Spontaneously calqued from the users' respective native language, e.g. German kontraproduktiv, Romanian contraproductiv.
sozialist
Borrowed from German sozialistisch, equivalent to German sozial + -ist.
Unadapted borrowing from German Sozialist, equivalent to German sozial + -ist.