MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
vachery
From French vacherie, from vache (“a cow”), Latin vacca. Compare vaccary. By surface analysis, French vache + -ery.
eschaton
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔσχατον (éskhaton, “last thing”), from the neuter singular of ἔσχατος (éskhatos, “last”).
fighting
From Middle English feghtyng, fyȝtynge, fightand, feghtand, feghtande, feightand, feȝtand, viȝtinde, feihtende, from Old English feohtende, from Proto-Germanic *fehtandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *fehtaną (“to comb, struggle, contend with”), equivalent to fight + -ing.
From Middle English fightyng, fightynge, fiȝtinge, feȝtyng, from Old English fihtung (“fighting”), equivalent to fight + -ing.
Steph
Female: shortened from Stephanie, from French Stéphanie.
Male: shortened from Stephan.
causal
Borrowed from Late Latin causalis, from Latin causa (“cause”), equivalent to cause + -al, see cause.
isosceles
Borrowed from Latin īsoscelēs, from Ancient Greek ἰσοσκελής (isoskelḗs, “equal-legged”), from ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + σκέλος (skélos, “leg”) + -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix).
See also iso-.
fulmar
From Icelandic fúlmár, from Old Norse fúlmár, from Old Norse fúll (“foul”) + már (“gull, mew”) (see English mew), evidently in reference to the foul-smelling vomit it ejects to deter predators.
wheatear
Uncertain. Probably a back-formation from Middle English whit ers (“white arse”), after the prominent white rump of many species. Compare dialect forms white rump, white-tail. Possibly a compound of wheat + ear or white + ear. Attested since the seventeenth century as wheat-ears or wheatgear.
From Middle English whete-ere, equivalent to wheat + ear.
brahmadanda
From Sanskrit ब्रह्मन् (brahman, “Brahma”) + दण्ड (daṇḍa, “rod, staff”).
Hindustan
Borrowed from Hindustani ہِنْدُوسْتان (hindūstān) / हिंदुस्तान (hindustān), itself from Classical Persian هِنْدُوسْتَان (hindūstān, “Indian subcontinent”). By surface analysis, Hindu + -stan.
hubristic
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῠ̔βρῐστῐκός (hŭbrĭstĭkós, “given to wantonness, insolent, outrageous”) + English -ic (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or relating to’). Ῠ̔βρῐστῐκός (Hŭbrĭstĭkós) is derived from ὑβρίζω (hubrízō, “to be wanton, run riot; to affront, insult”) (from ῠ̔́βρις (hŭ́bris, “insolence; pride”) (possibly from Pre-Greek) + -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō, suffix forming similative verbs)) + -τῐκός (-tĭkós, suffix forming adjectives). By surface analysis, hubris + -tic (suffix forming adjectives).
hymnographer
From Ancient Greek ὑμνογράφος (humnográphos) + -er. By surface analysis, hymnography + -er.
Hijra
From Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”), used in reference to Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, from the verb هَجَرَ (hajara, “emigrate, to abandon”). Doublet of Hegira, which went through Latin.
From Hindi हीजड़ा (hījṛā).
From Arabic هِجْرَة (hijra, “departure, exodus”). Doublet of hegira.
houseless
From Middle English housles, from Old English *hūslēas, from Proto-West Germanic *hūslaus, from Proto-Germanic *hūsalausaz, equivalent to house + -less. Cognate with West Frisian húsleas (“houseless”), Dutch huisloos (“houseless”), German hauslos (“houseless”), Danish husløs (“houseless”), Swedish huslös (“houseless”), Icelandic húslaus (“houseless”).
honky
Sense of “factory hand” attested from 1946. Compare hunky, bohunk.
Most likely from hunky (“Hungarian, Slav, eastern European; any white person”), an African-American vernacular shortening of Hungarian. Another possible etymon is Wolof xonq (“red, pink”), a term frequently used in African languages to describe white men.
As a term of racial abuse it was popularized by the Black Panther Party starting from 1967, who sought a rebuttal to nigger.
tante
Borrowed from Yiddish טאַנטע (tante), from German Tante, from French tante.
shaman
Borrowed from German Schamane, from Russian шама́н (šamán), from Evenki шама̄н (şamān), сама̄н (samān), from Proto-Tungusic *samān. The Evenki word is possibly derived from the root ша- (şa-, “to know”); or else a loanword from Tocharian B ṣamāne (“monk”) or Chinese 沙門 /沙门 (shāmén, “Buddhist monk”), from Pali samaṇa from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa, “ascetic, monk, devotee”), from श्रम (śrama, “weariness, exhaustion; labor, toil; etc.”), which would make this a doublet of sramana.
forn
From Middle English forn, from Old English foran (“before, in front, forward, to the front”). More at fore.
Amrita Nadi
Literally, “river of immortality”, from Sanskrit अमृत (amṛ́ta, “immortal”) + नदी (nadī́, “river”).
elding
From Middle English elding, eyldyng, of North Germanic origin, akin to Icelandic elding (“fuel”), Danish ild (“fire”). More at anneal.
mora
Learned borrowing from Latin mora (“duration of time, delay”).
From New Latin from a botanical name, from Tupi moira-tinga and/or Arawak mora.
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μόρᾱ (mórā).
handcuff
From hand + cuff (“end of shirtsleeve”). Possibly an adaptation of Middle English handcops (“shackles for the hand, handcuffs”), from Old English handcops, from hand + cops, cosp (“fetter, chains”), but due to a lack of continuity (centuries between Old English and the modern term), generally analyzed as a re-invention. Nominal form first appears c. 1591 in the publications of John Florio. Verbal form first appears c. 1649.
midriff
From Middle English midref, mydrif, from Old English midrif, midhrif (“the midriff; diaphragm”), from Proto-West Germanic *middjahrif. Equivalent to mid- + riff.
barbel
PIE word
 *bʰardʰéh₂
From Middle English barbel, from Old French barbel, from Vulgar Latin *barbellus, from Late Latin barbulus, diminutive of Latin barbus (“barbel”); barbus itself is from barba (“beard”). By surface analysis, Latin barb(us) (“beard, barbel”) + -el (diminutive suffix), and also, by surface analysis, barb (“sharp, extruding structure”) + -el (diminutive suffix).
shoat
From Middle English schote, of uncertain origin. Perhaps a special use of Middle English schote (“projectile, young shoot”), or perhaps of Middle Low German origin, cognate with West Flemish schote (“young piglet”).
betide
From Middle English bityden [and other forms]; from bi- (prefix forming verbs, usually with a completive, figurative, or intensive sense) + tyden (“to come about, happen, occur; to befall, become of, happen to (someone); to be the fate of (someone); to await (someone); to fare, get along”); tyden is derived from Old English tīdan (“to befall, betide, happen”), related to tīd (“time; season; hour”) (both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- (“to divide, share”) or its extended form *deh₂-y-, whence *dh₂ítis (“time”)) + -an (suffix forming the infinitive of most verbs). The English word is analysable as be- + tide (“(obsolete) to happen, occur”).
indite
Originally a variant of indict; from Middle English enditen, endyten, from Old French enditer, from Late Latin indictāre, from in- + dictare (“to declare”). Doublet of indict.
masticatory
From Latin mastico + -atory, the former borrowed from Ancient Greek μαστιχάω (mastikháō, “I gnash the teeth”), from μάσταξ (mástax, “that with which one chews”).
ethic
From Middle English etik, from Late Latin ēthicus, from Ancient Greek ἠθῐκός (ēthĭkós).
From Middle English etik, ethik, from Old French ethique, from Late Latin ēthica, from Ancient Greek ἠθική (ēthikḗ), from ἠθικός (ēthikós, “of or for morals, moral, expressing character”), from ἦθος (êthos, “character, moral nature”).
rondure
Borrowed from French rondeur (“roundness; round object”), from rond (“round”) + -eur (suffix forming agent nouns from verbs).
hustle
From Dutch husselen or by metathesis from Dutch hutselen (“to shake up”), a frequentative of hutsen (“to stir, to move something (back and forth)”).
cohabitation
From Middle English cohabitacioun, from Old French cohabitacion and Late Latin cohabitātiō. By surface analysis, co- + habitation.
ripple
From Middle English *ripelen, repulen, equivalent to rip + -le (frequentative suffix).
Compare German Low German Repel, Dutch repel, German Riffel, extended forms (with instrumental or diminutive -le) of Low German Repe (“ripple”), Dutch repe (“ripple”). Compare also Dutch repen, German reffen, Swedish repa (“to beat; ripple”).
The verb is from Middle English ripplen, rypelen. Compare Low German repelen, Dutch repelen, German riffeln.
triangulate
From Latin triangulum + -ate or Medieval Latin *triangulāt-, the past participial stem of *triangulō. Compare French trianguler.
From Latin triangulātus. By surface analysis, tri- + angulate.
triangulation
From Medieval Latin triangulātiō (“triangulation”), from triangulō (“to triangulate”) + -tiō (noun-forming suffix). Triangulō is derived from triangulus (“triangular; triangle”), from trēs (“three”) + angulus (“angle; corner”). By surface analysis, triangulate + ion; cognate with French triangulation.
Tudor
Borrowed from Welsh Tudur (“Theodoric”), from Proto-Celtic *Toutorīxs, later adopted as the surname of a British royal family. Piecewise doublet of Theodoric, Theoderic, Terry, and Derek.
turbulence
From Middle English turbulence (“turbidity, cloudiness”), from Late Latin turbulentia (“trouble, disquiet”). By surface analysis, turbulent + -ence.
surcoat
From Middle English surcote, from Old French surcote, formed with sur (“over”) and cote (“coat, robe, tunic, overgarment”), respelled based on coat.
substratum
Learned borrowing from New Latin substrātum, nominalisation of the neuter of Latin substrātus, perfect passive participle of substernō. By surface analysis, sub- + stratum.
grapple
From Middle English *grapplen (“to seize, lay hold of”), from Old English *græpplian (“to seize”) (compare Old English ġegræppian (“to seize”)), from Proto-Germanic *graipilōną, *grabbalōną (“to seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to take, seize, rake”), equivalent to grab + -le.
Cognate with Dutch grabbelen (“to grope, scramble, scrabble”), German grabbeln (“to rummage, grope about”) and grapsen, grapschen (“to seize, grasp, grabble”). Influenced in some senses by grapple (“tool with claws or hooks”, noun) (see below). See further at grasp.
From Middle English *grapple, *graple, from Old French grappil (“a ship's grapple”) (compare Old French grappin (“hook”)), from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *grep- (“hook”), *gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). See further at grape. Influenced in some senses by grapple (“seize”, verb) (see above).
archeology
From Middle French archéologie, from Ancient Greek ἀρχαιολογία (arkhaiología, “antiquarian lore, ancient legends, history”), from ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos, “primal, old, ancient”) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, oration, study”). By surface analysis, archeo- + -logy, but not coined in that way.
stele
From 1886 French stèle, from Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “upright rock; pillar; column”).
fullness
From Middle English fulnesse, from Old English fulnes, fylnes, fyllnis (“completeness; abundance”), equivalent to full + -ness. Cognate with Old High German folnissi (“fullness”).
macaroon
From French macaron. Doublet of macaron.
From Italian macarone.
dama
Borrowed from Chinese 大媽 /大妈 (dàmā, “paternal aunt”)
lupanar
From Latin lupānar, from lupa (“prostitute”, literally “she-wolf”), from lupus (“wolf”).
bak
From Korean 박 (bak).
From Korean 박 (bak, “朴”).
vill
From Anglo-Norman vill, from Old French vile (“farm, country estate”) (French ville (“town”)), from Latin vīlla. Doublet of villa and ville.
lind
From Middle English lind, linde, from Old English lind, from Proto-West Germanic *lindu, from Proto-Germanic *lindō.
Cognate with Dutch linde, German Linde, Swedish lind. Cognate to Albanian lëndë (“wood, timber, material”).
* As an English, North German, Dutch, and North Germanic surname, from lind (“lime tree”).
* As a South German and Jewish surname, from the adjective lind (“gentle”).
* As a Yiddish surname, variant of Linde.
buckwheat
Ultimately from Middle Low German bōkwête (“beech-wheat”) (so called because of its triangular seeds, which resemble the much larger seeds of the beech nut from the beech tree, and the fact that it is used like wheat), probably via Middle Dutch boecweit, boecweite. Compare German Buchweizen.
Despite the name, buckwheat is not related to wheat, as it is not a grass.
cham
From French cham, from Ottoman Turkish خان (han) (see there for more).
From Middle English icham, equivalent to ch- + am, from ich + am.
Borrowed from Eastern Cham ꨌꩌ
Borrowed from German Cham.
Borrowed from Switzerland German Cham.
Borrowed from Albanian Çam m.
From Hokkien 詹 (Chiam).
chave
From Middle English ichave, equivalent to ch- + have, from ich + have.
utchy
A modification of utch, ich, iche, from Middle English ich (“I”, pronoun), from Old English iċ (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm (“I”). Doublet of che.
Recorded in use in the area around Yeovil in southern Somerset.
ageest
From Middle English ageasten. Used at the turn of the 19th century.
nomad
From Middle French nomade, from Latin Nomas (“wandering shepherd”), from Ancient Greek νομάς (nomás, “roaming, wandering, esp. to find pasture”), from Ancient Greek νομός (nomós, “pasture”). Compare Numidia.
foie
Ellipsis of foie gras, from French foie gras (literally “fat liver”).
Herzog
Borrowed from German Herzog.
From German Herzog. Doublet of heretog and heretoga.
consolable
From console + -able. Derived from French consoler, from Latin consolari, which is from con- + solari (“to soothe”).
fiducial
From Late Latin fīdūciālis, from fīdūcia (“trust, reliance”) + -ālis, from fīdō (“to trust”).
tithing
From Middle English tithyng, from Old English tēoþung or tēoðung, from tēoða (“a tithe”) + -ing (suffix forming patronymics and diminutives) and tēoþian (“to tithe”) + -ung (suffix forming verbal nouns). Equivalent to tithe + -ing.
bajra
From Hindi बाजरा (bājrā). Compare bajri from Gujarati બાજરી (bājrī).
From Hindi बजरा (bajrā).
escadrille
Borrowed from French escadrille, from Middle French, from Spanish escuadrilla, from Latin exquadrare (“to square off”).
satisfied
From Middle English satisfyed, i-satisfyed, i-satisfied, past participle of Middle English satisfien, equivalent to satisfy + -ed.
pleased
From Middle English plesed, iplesed (past participle) and Middle English plesede (preterit), both equivalent to please + -ed.
rigor
From Old French, from Latin rigor (“stiffness, rigidity, rigor, cold, harshness”), from rigere (“to be rigid”).
Borrowed from Spanish Rigor; this surname is predominantly found in the Philippines.
decadence
From French décadence, from Medieval Latin decadentia (“decay”), from *decadens (“decaying”), present participle of *decadere (“to decay”); see decay.
mouth music
Calque of Scottish Gaelic puirt à beul (“tunes from a mouth”).
durance
From Old French durance, from durer (“to last”).
Borrowed from French Durance.
dulce de leche
Unadapted borrowing from Spanish dulce de leche (literally “sweet [made] of milk”). Compare dolcelatte.
inenubilable
From English in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + Latin ēnūbilāre (“to clear of clouds or mist; (figurative) to clear of obscurity”) + English -able (suffix meaning ‘able to be done’ forming adjectives), possibly coined by the English critic and essayist Max Beerbohm (1872–1956): see the 1903 and 1911 quotations below. By surface analysis, in- + e- + Latin nubil- + -able.
Ēnūbilāre is derived from ē- (a variant of ex- (prefix denoting privation)) + nūbilus (“cloudy, overcast; (figurative) beclouded, confused, troubled”) (from nūbēs (“cloud; (figurative) concealment, obscurity”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)newdʰ- (“to cover”)) + -āre.
anaglyph
From Ancient Greek ἀναγλυφή (anagluphḗ, “work in low relief”); from ανα- (ana-, “up”) + γλῠ́φειν (glŭ́phein, “carve out”). By surface analysis, ana- + glyph.
amaxophobia
Formed in English from the Ancient Greek ἅμαξα (hámaxa, “waggon”) + the -phobia, the latter element itself deriving from the Ancient Greek -φοβία (-phobía). The etymologically consistent spelling is *hamaxophobia, but that spelling is not attested outside word-lists and dictionaries.
prolepsis
From Latin prolepsis, from Ancient Greek πρόληψις (prólēpsis, “preconception, anticipation”), from προλαμβάνω (prolambánō, “take beforehand, anticipate”).
uniformity
From Late Middle English uniformite, uniformitie (“conformity or equality among several parts; similar degree”), borrowed from Old French uniformité (“uniformity”) (modern French uniformité), or from its etymon Late Latin ūniformitās, from Latin ūnifōrmis (“having only one form or shape, uniform”) + -itās (a variant of -tās (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns indicating a state of being)). Ūnifōrmis is derived from ūni- (prefix meaning ‘one’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”)) + -fōrmis (suffix meaning having the form of) (from fōrma (“appearance, form, shape”); further etymology unknown). By surface analysis, uniform + -ity.
ductus
Borrowed from Latin ductus (“leading, conducting”, noun). Doublet of duct and douit.
paska
From Ukrainian па́ска (páska) and Russian па́ска (páska), borrowing from Ancient Greek πάσκα (páska), phonetic variant of πάσχα (páskha), from Aramaic פסחא (pasḥa), from Hebrew פֶּסַח (pesaḥ). Doublet of Pasch, Pascha, paskha, and Pesach.
gean
From Middle French guine (modern French guigne).
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Géibhinn, related to Mac Géibheannaigh, from géibheannach (“fettered”), from géibheann (“fetter”).
* As a German surname, Americanized from Gien, shortened from Heinrich.
basti
Borrowed from Hindi बस्ती (bastī, “settlement”).
Borrowed from Hindi बस्ती (bastī).
venomously
Inherited from Middle English venymously; by surface analysis, venomous + -ly.
disquisition
Borrowed from French disquisition (“disquisition”), from Latin disquīsītiō (“inquiry, investigation”), from disquīrō (“to investigate”) (from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, asunder’) + quaerō (“to look for, seek; to inquire, question”)) + -tiō (suffix forming nouns relating to an action or the result of an action).
depersonalization
Calque of French dépersonnalisation, equivalent to de- + personalization.
Saraiki
From Saraiki سرائیکی (sarā'īkī), further etymology is disputed. There are multiple interpretations of this name's origin:
* From Sindhi سِرو (sirō, “up-river, north”).
* From Sanskrit सौवीर (sauvīra, “Sauvira”).
hawthorn
From Middle English hawthorn, from Old English hagaþorn, hæguþorn, from Proto-West Germanic *haguþorn; equivalent to haw (“hedge, enclosure”) + thorn.
hickory
A shortening of pockerchicory/pokickery/pohickery, from Powhatan pawcohiccora.
colly
From Middle English coly, from Old English *coliġ, from Proto-West Germanic *kolig, equivalent to coal + -y. Doublet of coaly.
From Middle English *colien, variant of *colwen (attested in Middle English colwed and colwinge), from Old English *colgian. More at collow.
forthwith
From Middle English forth-with (“at once, immediately; at the same time, already; straight ahead”) [and other forms], partly from the phrase forth with (something), and partly from forth-with-al, furth-with-al (“at once, immediately; together with”) (whence forthwithal).
formative
From Middle English formatyve, formatif (“having the ability to form”), from Old French formatif, formative (modern French formatif), from Medieval Latin formātīvus, from Latin fōrmātus + -īvus (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘doing’ or ‘related to doing’). Fōrmātus is the perfect passive participle of fōrmō (“to form, to shape”), from fōrma (“a form, shape”); further etymology uncertain, possibly related to Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “a form, shape”) (see further at that entry). By surface analysis, form + -ative.
Etymology 2 sense 1 (“thing which causes formation to occur”) is derived from the noun.
Etymology 2 sense 2.1 (“language unit”) is borrowed from German Formativ, a noun use of formativ (adjective), from Middle French formatif, from Old French formatif (see etymology 1).
fusilli
From Italian fusilli, plural of fusillo, diminutive of fuso (“spindle”).
fusillade
From French fusillade, from fusiller (“shoot with a firearm”), from fusil (“rifle, gun”).
napkin
From Middle English napkyn, equivalent to nape (“cloth”) + -kin.
convalescence
Borrowed from Middle French convalescence, from Late Latin convalēscentia (“regaining of health”), from Latin convalēscēn(t-)s, present participle of convalēscere (“to become strong or well”); see convalesce.
anastasis
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνάστασις (anástasis, “resurrection”).
recovery
From Middle English recoveree, from Old French recovree, from recovrer (“recover”).
mazel tov
Borrowed from Yiddish מזל־טובֿ (mazl tov), from Hebrew מַזָּל (mazál, “star, constellation; fate, luck”), from Akkadian 𒌓𒁕 (manzaltum) + Hebrew טוֹב (tov, “good”); literally “good stars, good luck”.
merman
From Middle English mereman, from Old English *meremann (“merman”) (suggested by Old English meremenn, meremennen, meremenin (“mermaid, siren”)), equivalent to mer- + man. Cognate with Dutch meerman (“merman”), German Meermann (“merman”).
hindrance
From Middle English hinderance, hinderaunce, hindraunce, hynderaunce, hynderawnce, hynderawns, hyndrance; equivalent to hinder + -ance.
whitebeam
From Middle English witbeam, equivalent to white + beam (“tree”) – see Old English bēam (“tree”). In the name, white refers to the color of the leaves, when emergent and later the undersides.
mangrove
A modification of earlier mangrowe (obsolete) by the influence of grove (“small forest”) through folk etymology. Mangrowe is probably borrowed from Spanish mangle, mangue (whence English mangle) (probably from an Arawak language (such as Taíno), or a Cariban language) + an unknown word ending.
trump
Possibly from French triomphe (“triumph”) or Old French triumphe. If so, it is a doublet of triumph and thriambus. Compare German Trumpf.
From Middle English trumpe, trompe (“trumpet”), from Old French trompe (“horn, trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa (“trumpet”), from a common Germanic word of imitative origin. Doublet of tulumba and tromp.
Akin to Old High German trumpa, trumba (“horn, trumpet”), Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”). More at trumpet, drum.
Ellipsis of Jew's-trump, which may be from French jeu-trompe (literally “toy trumpet”).
The surname has two sources.
* English (Devon): an occupational name for a trumpeter, from Middle English trumpe (“trumpet”).
* German (Bavaria): from German Trump, possibly an occupational name for a drummer, from Middle High German trumbe (“drum”), although the alternative forms Trumpf, Drumpf cannot be derived from this (except by postulating them to be hypercorrections)
* The place in Baltimore county was named after settler Simeon Van Trump.
peristyle
From French péristyle, from Classical Latin peristȳlum, from περίστυλον (perístulon), from περι- (peri-, “around”) + στῦλος (stûlos, “pillar”). peri- + -style.
poplar
From Middle English popler, from Anglo-Norman popler and Old French poplier (compare French peuplier), from Latin pōpulus, with a suffix later added.
parlay
The verb is derived from paroli (“cumulative bet in card games”), possibly modified under the influence of French parler (“to speak, talk”). Paroli is derived from French paroli (“double stake”), from Italian paroli, plural of parolo (first-person singular present indicative of parare (“to protect or shield (from); to prepare”), from Latin parāre, present active infinitive of parō (“to arrange, prepare; to furnish, provide”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go through; to carry forth, fare”)) + Italian -lo (suffix meaning ‘it; this or that thing’).
The noun is derived from the verb.
privatization
Calque of German Privatisierung (with English -ation), derived from Latin prīvātus (“apart from the state; private”), with reference to post-First World War German economic principles. Popularized by Sidney Merlin in 1943, who was aware of the term reprivatization (used in similar contexts), already attested at the time.
Apophis
From Ancient Greek Ἄποφις (Ápophis), a borrowing from Egyptian ꜥꜣpp altered after ὄφις (óphis, “snake”).
sanguinarian
From Latin sanguis (“blood”, stem sanguin-) + -arian.
talking
From Middle English talkynge. By surface analysis, talk + -ing.
From Middle English talkyng, talkynge. By surface analysis, talk + -ing.