MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Raia
From the Sicilian surname, from raia (“smilax”) and raja (“ray”), both from Latin raia. As an Arabic surname, from راية (rāya, “flag”).
Comiskey
Reduced Americanized form of Irish Mac Cumascaigh.
Keaney
Possibly an Americanized form of Irish Ó Cianagh (“descendant of Cianach”), a byname from cian (“distant, long”).
Tuazon
Ultimately from Hokkien 大孫／大孙 (tōa-sun), via Spanish Tuazon or Tagalog Tuazon or Kapampangan Tuazon.
Zarazua
Borrowed from Spanish Zarazua, itself of Basque origin.
Teo
Borrowed from Hokkien 張 /张 (Tiuⁿ, Tioⁿ) via Malaysia and/or Singapore. Doublet of Chang. Compare Tagalog Tiu / Tio.
Ahl
* As a German surname, from Aal (“eel”).
* Also as a German and Jewish surname, from Ahle (“awl”).
* As a Swedish surname, from al (“alder”). The -h- appears to be an Anglicization.
Stepney
From Old English Stybbanhȳþ (“Stybba's hithe”), from *Stybba (personal name) + hȳþ (“harbour; landing-place; hithe”).
Andrada
Variant of Andrade. Borrowed from Romance (Spanish Andrada and Portuguese Andrada), variant of Spanish Andrade/Portuguese Andrade, from Galician Andrade
Kehr
From the German surname from the noun kere (“bend of a corner”), probably related to kehren (“to turn around”). Compare Quirin.
Coviello
Borrowed from a Romance language, related to Covillo, likely derived from a masculine noun (thus the -o inflection). The 2010 US Census finding that the name 'Coviello' was most commonly held by white people suggests it is not a Latin-American Spanish or Brazilian Portuguese surname, though possibly from their European counterparts or Italian.
Brain
From the Irish and Scottish Gaelic surname, from mac an Bhreitheamhan (“son of the judge”), from breitheamh (“judge”).
Brost
German occupational surname from Middle High German brobest (“supervisor”); see Probst.
Suri
Borrowed from Bengali সিউড়ি (śiuṛi), সিউড়ী (śiuṛi).
Apostol
From the Greek surname, shortened from Apostolos, and also Hungarian, Romanian, Albanian and Spanish adaptations of it.
Moorhouse
From Old English mōr (“moor, marsh, fen”) + hūs (“house”).
Klump
From the Dutch and German surname, variant of Klomp, from the noun klomp.
Goh
From Hokkien 吳／吴 (Gô͘), or less commonly, 伍 (Gó͘).
From French Gôh.
Memon
Borrowed from Gujarati મેમણ (memaṇ).
Almeda
From Spanish Almeida, from Arabic الْمَائِدَة (al-māʔida).
Lackawanna
From Lenape Lechauwa-hannek : "the river that forks".
commolition
From Latin commolitus, from Latin commolō (“to shake or grind thoroughly”).
Tacoma
From earlier Takhoma (“the area south of Seattle”), borrowed from Lushootseed təˈkhoʊʔməʔ, təlˈkhoʊʔbəʔ, təloʊʔl (the area surrounding Mount Rainier), from təˡqʷuʔbəʔ (“mother of waters”) in a direct reference to Mount Rainier.
Murrin
Anglicized form of Irish Ó Muireáin (“descendant of Muireán”), a diminutive of a personal name beginning with muir (“sea”).
Dahlman
Borrowed from Swedish Dahlman, from dal (“valley”) + man (“man”). This surname could also be a variant of German Dahlmann.
late capitalism
Calque of German Spätkapitalismus, attributed to German economist Werner Sombart and later popularized by Marxist economist Ernest Mandel.
pampelmoes
From French pamplemousse and Dutch pompelmoes, probably from pompel (“thick”) or pompoen (“pumpkin”), from French pompon (“pumpkin; melon”), and from Portuguese limões (“lemons”). Continuing use in South Africa supported by Afrikaans pompelmoes and pampelmoes. Possibly originally transcribing Tamil பம்ப ளிமாசு (pampa ḷimācu, “big citrus”).
worldish
From Middle English worldisshe, equivalent to world + -ish. Cognate with Saterland Frisian waareldsk (“worldish; worldly”), West Frisian wrâldsk (“worldish; worldly”), Dutch werelds (“worldly; mundane; worldish”).
shimeji
Borrowed from Japanese 湿地(しめじ) (shimeji).
Maynooth
Borrowed from Irish Maigh Nuad (literally “plain of Nuada”).
tequesquite
Borrowed from Spanish tequesquite, from Nahuatl tequixquitl.
Bottomley
Habitational surname from a place in West Yorkshire, from Old English botm (“bottom; abyss”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”). Equivalent to bottom + -ley (“lea”); compare the name Bottom.
Key West
Borrowed from Spanish Cayo Hueso (literally “Bone Cay”), which was coined in reference to the indigenous use of the island as a gravesite. Modified by folk etymology to Key + West as it is the westernmost inhabited island of the Florida Keys.
Swaby
From the Old Norse ethnic byname Sváfi (“Swabian”) + býr (“farm, settlement”).
Roder
* As a German surname Röder, from the old personal name Rodher, from the Germanic elements *hrōþi (“fame”) + *hari (“army”). Compare Roeder.
* Also a variant of Ruder (related to the noun rudder) and Reuter.
Bekele
Borrowed from Amharic በቀለ (bäḳälä).
Newburn
The Fife place-name was historically Nithbren (1150). Possibly from Pictish, perhaps from *Nith, an ethnonym, with a cognate of Welsh bryn (“hill”) or Welsh pren (“tree”).
Burling
From the Old English personal name *Bærla or *Byrla + -ing (“diminutive marker”).
Atha
* As an Irish surname, spelling variant of Athy.
* As an English surname, spelling variant of Athey.
Forgey
Perhaps an Americanized spelling of French Forget or an altered spelling of Forgie.
Faherty
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Fatharthaig (“descendant of Fathartach”), a personal name ultimately derived from foghar (“sound”).
Nissley
Americanized spelling of German Nissle or Nüssli.
Spoors
From Old English spora (“spur”), signifying the maker of spurs.
Bollin
Uncertain. Possibly from Old English bōl (“eel”) + hlynn (“a torrent, a noisy stream”).
Brakefield
Topographic surname, from Old English bracu (“brake, thicket”) + feld (“field”).
Beaudin
* As a French surname, pet form of a name of Germanic origin from the element *balþ (“bold, strong”), see also Baud. Compare Baudin.
* Also as a French surname, variant of Bodin.
Compare Boda, Bodi.
Soroka
From Ukrainian Сорока (Soroka), from сорока (soroka, “magpie”).
rejoy
From Middle English rejoyen, rejoien, from Old French resjoir, equivalent to re- + joy.
doskpop
From dosk - onomatopoeic of the punchy sound of drums and bass lines + pop. It was later interpreted as a backronym from Swedish disco och synth-kombinerad pop (disco and synth combined pop). https://web.archive.org/web/20181207142300/http://www.spacesynth.net/Interview/GustafGrefberg
Nizari
Borrowed from Arabic نِزَارِيّ (nizāriyy), from the name of Nizar ibn al-Mustansir.
Shangqiu
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 商丘 /商邱 (Shāngqiū).
Tierra Amarilla
From Spanish tierra amarilla (“yellow soil”) (clay in New Mexico).
Los Alamos
From Spanish los álamos (“the poplars, aspens or cottonwoods”).
La Plata County
From Spanish la plata; named after the La Plata River and La Plata Mountains.
Huerfano County
From Spanish huérfano; named after Huerfano Butte.
Qiang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 羌 (Qiāng).
Las Animas County
From Spanish las ánimas, taken from the Mexican Spanish name for the Purgatoire River, El Río de las Ánimas Perdidas en Purgatorio.
Phthiotis
From Ancient Greek Φθιῶτις (Phthiôtis).
San Luis Obispo
From Spanish San Luis obispo, named after Saint Louis of Toulouse.
tiropita
Borrowed from Greek τυρόπιτα (tyrópita, “cheese pie”).
tyromancy
From tyro- + -mancy; ultimately from Ancient Greek τυρός (turós, “cheese”).
Craxi
From the Italian surname Craxi, adapted from the Sicilian surname Craxì, a surname derived from craxì (“wine”), itself borrowed from Italiot Greek crasì.
Maoli
Senses 1 and 2 are borrowed from Hawaiian maoli. Compare Maori (the indigenous people in New Zealand).
Kanaka Maoli
Borrowed from Hawaiian Kānaka Maoli; from kānaka "people" maoli "indigenous".
Gejia
Borrowed from Mandarin 𱎼家 (Gějiā).
Ordway
From the Old English personal name Ordwīġ, which is composed of the elements ord (“point of a spear”) and wīġ (“war, battle”).
Semirechye
Borrowed from Russian Семиречье (Semirečʹje), itself composed of семь (semʹ, “seven”), река (reka, “river”), -ье (-ʹje, “-ia”), a calque of Kazakh Jetısu (“Seven Rivers”).
Lyneham
Inherited from Middle English Lynham, from Old English *Līnhām, from līn (“flax”) + hām (“estate”).
Ossa
Surname borrowed from Spanish Ossa, itself from Basque otsoa (“wolf”).
Nahavand
From Persian نهاوند (Nahâvand), q.v.
Caithness
The placename is of Pictish origin, named after a tribe called the Catti, with the common Old Norse suffix -ness (“headland”). The tribe name is of uncertain origin, but compare *katus (“battle”).
Stretford
From Old English strǽt (“road”) + ford (“ford”). Doublet of Stratford.
namous
UK 19th century. Probably from Spanish vamos (“we go”) or vámonos (“let's go”). Possibly influenced by German nehmen (“to take”). Cognate with English vamoose.
Possibly backslang from summon.
Cromarty
From Scottish Gaelic crom (“crooked, bent”) + àrd (“height”) or bati (“bay”).
hersen
From Middle English hirselven, hireselven, hurre-selfen, equivalent to her + sen (“self”).
misogyn
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μισογύνης (misogúnēs).
Bakumatsu
Borrowed from Japanese 幕末 (bakumatsu), literally "end of the curtain". The "curtain", 幕 (baku), is from Japanese 幕府 (bakufu), originally referring to a military encampment for a commander, and then extended to the Shogunate's government.
Acrita
From New Latin, from Ancient Greek meaning "indiscernible"; see a- and compare criterion.
helico-
From Latin helic- + -o-, from Ancient Greek ἕλιξ (hélix).
Genesee
From Seneca Gen-nis'-hee-yo (“pleasant valley, beautiful valley”).
Menzies
From Early Scots Menȝies, from Scottish Gaelic Mèinnearach, from Anglo-Norman Mesnières.
Kincardine
From Scottish Gaelic Cinn Chàrdainn, possibly adapted from an earlier Pictish *Pencarden, equivalent to Welsh pen (“head, top”) + cardden (“enclosure”).
calthemite
From Latin calx (“lime”) + Latin < Ancient Greek θέμα (théma, “what is laid down”), (also Mediaeval Latin thema, "deposit") and the Latin -īta < Ancient Greek -ίτης (-ítēs) – used as a suffix indicating a rock or mineral.
bhurji
Borrowed from Punjabi ਭੁਰਜੀ (bhurjī), ultimately from Sanskrit भृज्जति (bhṛjjati, “roasts, fries”). Related to fry and bhujia.
two-hand sword
From Middle English thwahandswerd, to hond swerd, twa hand swerde, twohande sworde.
ocnophil
From Ancient Greek ὀκνέω (oknéō, “to shrink from, fear, hesitate”) + -o- + -phile with the final "e" dropped. Coined by Hungarian psychoanalyst Michael Balint in 1955.
Clackmannan
Derived from Scottish Gaelic siorrachd chlach Mhannainn (“county with the stone of Manau”). For the second element see cloch (“stone”). The last element is from Celtic, but of unknown meaning; see Manau.
Cowdenbeath
Borrowed from Scots Coudenbeith, from Cowden + Scottish Gaelic beith (birch).
Dunfermline
From Scottish Gaelic Dùn Phàrlain, the first element being from dùn (“fortification”), and the rest of uncertain origin, possibly from an alteration of the river Lyne Burn, from linne (“waterfall, pool”) + bùrn (“water”).
Rosyth
From Scottish Gaelic Ros Fhìobh ("headland of Fife", the name is much older than the town).
Kirkcaldy
From Scottish Gaelic Cair Chaladain (“place of Caled's fort”), from Pictish caer (“fort”) + caled (“hard, harsh, rough”), possibly referring to a tough ruler.
Ovaltine
Brand name (originally Ovomaltine), from Latin ōvum (“egg”), malt and -ine.
Leven
Various origins:
* A variant of the surname Levin.
* From the Old English personal name Lēofwine, composed of the elements lēof (“dear, beloved”) + wine (“friend”).
* Borrowed from German Leven, a surname which shares the same origin of the Old English personal name.
* Habitational surname from any of various places in Scotland and England.
via ferrata
Unadapted borrowing from Italian via ferrata (literally “iron road”).
Arbroath
Historically Aberbrothock. From Pictish *aber (“estuary”) + Brothock, a river name.
Tapanui
Borrowed from Māori Te Papanui, an early name for the Blue Mountains nearby.
Khawaja
Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَاجَه (xwāja).
Zoellner
Occupational surname, borrowed from German Zöllner (“customs officer”).
Valenciano
From Spanish, from valenciano, originally an ethnonymic name for a native of Valencia.
Murnane
From the Irish surname, from Ó Murnáin, reduced from Manannáin (“descendant of Manannán”), a name related to the root of Isle of Man.
Hession
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó hOisín (“descendant of Oisín”), a personal name which derives from a diminutive form of os (“deer”).
Dunmore
Anglicized form of Irish and Scottish Gaelic dùn (“fortress, fort, stronghold”) + mòr (“big, large, great”).
Larrea
Borrowed from Spanish Larrea, a habitational surname from Basque.
Tadesse
Borrowed from the Amharic personal name ታደሠ (tadäśä).
Markovic
A Serbo-Croatian (Marković, Slovak, Carpathian Rusyn, and Slovene (Markovič) surname, from the personal name Marko, from Latin Mārcus. See Mark. Compare Markovich, Markovitz, Marchi.
Birney
Scottish habitational surname from a place in Morayshire, probably from Scottish Gaelic braonach (“misty, wet, damp”).
Quin
* Irish: variant of Quinn, from Irish Ó Coinn (“descendant of Chief”).
* English (of Norman origin): nickname from Old French quin (“monkey”).
* French: from a short form of Jaquin, pet form of Jacques, from Latin Iācōbus (English Jacob).
Thein
Borrowing from Burmese သိန်း (sin:).
thwarten
From Middle English thwertenen, equivalent to thwart + -en.
Marinello
From Italian Marinello, from Marinello, a village in Sicily, and marinello, from Medieval Latin marinellus (“sailor, mariner”), q.v.
Tessmer
From the German surname of Slavic origin, from personal names beginning with the element teš (“to console, comfort”) (from Proto-Slavic *těšiti) + měr (“peace”). Compare Tesch.
Nett
* As a German surname, from Middle High German nett, from Old French net (“clean”), ultimately from Latin *nittus.
* As an Irish surname, variant of McNett.
Woolwine
Probably an Americanized form of German Volkwein. It could also be a variant of Walwyn.
Raval
Indian surname of Punjabi origin, Arora and Sikh name from a clan name derived from ਰਾਵਾ (rāvā, “commander, king”) (from ਰਾਜਾ (rājā)), with the adjectival suffix [script needed] (-l).
Corrao
Borrowed from Italian Corrao, itself borrowed from Sicilian Currau.
Coghill
Habitational surname from a place in North Yorkshire, from Old English cot (“cottage”) + Old Norse kelda (“well, spring”).
Myint
Borrowing from Burmese မြင့် (mrang.)
Soohoo
From Taishanese 司徒 (lhu¹ hu³). Compare Tagalog Soho.
Sant
* As an English and French surname, variant of Saint (as a Dutch surname, from a doublet, sint; also Vansant).
* As an Italian surname, variant of Santo.
* As a Jewish surname, variant of Sand, itself from the English noun sand.
* As an Indian (Maharashtra)/Hindi surname, from संत (sant).
Salsman
Jewish and German surname, Americanized from Salzmann, Saltsman.
Heslin
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó hEislin, a reduced form of Irish Ó hEisleanáin (“descendant of Eisleanán”), a personal name which probably derives from éislinn (“unsafe, weak”).
Reeb
Dutch and German surname, from the old Germanic name *Ripo, derived from a compound *rīkī (“power”) + *berht (“bright”).
Corkery
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Corcra (“descendant of Corcra”), a personal name derived from corcair (“purple”).
Kone
* As a German surname, Americanized from Kohn or Dutch Koen.
* As an English and Irish surname, variant of Cone.
* As a West African surname, from the Koné clan of the Bambara and Mandinka tribes. Compare Konneh.
Alpizar
Borrowed from Spanish Alpízar. This surname is predominantly found in Costa Rica.
Vrabel
From Slovak Vrábel, Slovene Vrabelj, or another Slavic language. Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *vorbьľь (“sparrow”).
Bhuiyan
Transliteration of Bengali ভুঁইয়া (bhũiẏa) and Assamese ভূঞা (bhuña), literally, “landowner”, and are compound of ভুঁই (bhũi, “land”) + -ইয়া (-iẏa, “owner, possessor”).
Tesfaye
Borrowed from Amharic ተስፋዬ (täsfaye).
Bratten
Reduced Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Mac an Bhreatnaich (“son of the Briton”), from Breatnach (“Briton”).
Chui
Romanization of Cantonese 崔 (ceoi1) and Hokkien 崔 (chhui). Doublet of Cui.
From Kyrgyz Чүй (Cüy)
Croston
In Lancashire, from Old Norse kross or Old English cros + tūn.
Vacek
From the Czech surname, from the personal name Václav + -ek.
Rauh
* As a German surname, variant of Rau.
* As a Slovene and Serbo-Croatian surname, variations from the German noun Rauch (“smoke”), used to translate Slovene dim.
Mehra
Borrowed from Hindi मेहरा (mehrā), cf. Mehrotra, Malhotra.
Greaney
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Gráinne (“descendant of Gráinne”), a female personal name.
Cadogan
From the Welsh personal name Cadwgan, probably composed of the elements cad (“battle”) + gwgan (“scowler”), and also an anglicisation of the Irish surname Ó Ceadagáin.
Sahota
Borrowed from Punjabi ਸਹੋਤਾ (sahotā).
Dummer
In Hampshire, recorded as Dunmere in 1086 (DB), from Old English dūn + mere (pond on a hill). The surname possibly originates from Hampshire.
Goudreau
From French Goudreau. This surname is principally found among French Canadians.
Kottke
From the German surname, from a diminutive of Kott, itself a variant of Koth and Kotz.
Dubinsky
Derived from Russian Дуби́нский (Dubínskij).
Diab
Christian/Muslim/Arabic surname, probably from ذئب (“wolf”), or Old Norse Deyja'b (“Rare Death”).
Tripathi
Borrowed from Hindi त्रिपाठी (tripāṭhī), which is from Sanskrit त्रिपाठिन् (tripāṭhin, “person who has studied the three Vedas”).
Egli
* As a Swiss/Alemannic German surname, from a pet form of the old name Egenolf, see Egloff. Also found in Germany and France (Alsace).
* As a rare Norwegian surname, from a farm named Eikeli, from eik (“oak”) + li (“slope”).
Artiaga
Variant of Spanish Arteaga (with similar changes like in the Filipino surname Arciaga, from Arceaga), of Basque origin
Harewood
From Old English hāra, definite form of hār (“grey”) + wudu (“wood, forest”).
Rifkin
Jewish metronymic surname, from the Yiddish personal name רבֿקה (rivke, “Rebecca”), with the addition of the Proto-Slavic metronymic suffix *-inъ.
Sidebottom
Habitational surname from a place in Cheshire, from Old English sīde (“side, flank”) + botm (“bottom, ground”).
Malmberg
Borrowed from Swedish Malmberg, from malm (“ore”) + berg (“mountain”).
Midgley
From Old English myċġ (“midge, gnat, mosquito”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”). Equivalent to midge + -ley (“lea”).
Tokarz
From Polish Tokarz, from tokarz (“turner”). Cognate of Tokar.
Schoon
From the German and Dutch surname, from a nickname meaning beautiful, from Proto-West Germanic *skaunī.
Fontanilla
From Spanish, from Italian fontanella (“fontanel”), from fontana (“fountain”)+-ella (“diminutive suffix”).
Kinnaird
A Scottish habitational surname, from Scottish Gaelic ceann (“head”) + aird (“summit, peak”).
Ramakrishnan
Borrowed from Tamil ராமகிருஷ்ணன் (rāmakiruṣṇaṉ).
Irigoyen
Borrowed from Spanish Irigoyen, from Basque Irigoien.
Laguardia
From Romance languages
* From Spanish Laguardia, from guardia (“guard”)
* From Italian Laguardia, from Sicilian La Guardia (“the guard”).
Quigg
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Cuaig.
Bradway
From Old English brād (“broad”) + weġ (“path, road, way”). Likely a vowel-shifted variant of the surname Broadway, which is derived from the same roots. The words "broad way" have been used in English to name wide roads and associated settlements for over a millennium.
Wahlstrom
Borrowed from Swedish Wahlström, from vall (“pasture”) + ström (“stream”).
Halsted
May comes from Old English heald (“protection”) + stede (“place, position”).
Creedon
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Críodáin (“descendant of Críodán”), a personal name of obscure origin.
Murrow
From Old English mōr, from Proto-West Germanic *mōr (“moor”) + Middle English rewe, rowe, rawe, from Old English rǣw, rāw.
Mungo
Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic Mungo. This was the nickname of Kentigern, better known as Saint Mungo, the founder and patron saint of Glasgow, and possibly comes from the Cumbric equivalent of the Welsh: fy nghu 'my dear (one)'.
Seery
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Saoraidhe (“descendant of Saoraidhe”), a personal name based on saoraidhe (“freeman”).
Balclutha
From Scottish Gaelic baile + Clutha, an old name for the River Clyde.
Boxley
From Old English box (“box-tree”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”). Equivalent to box + -ley (“lea”).
Sandquist
Borrowed from Swedish Sandqvist, from sand (“sand”) + kvist (“twig”).
Reinbold
From the German surname, from derivatives of Proto-Germanic *raginą (“counsel”) + *balþaz (“brave”).
Morphew
Norman French name borrowed from Old French malfé, malfeü, which in turn is derived from Latin malefatus, malefatutus, the perfect active participle of malefor (“to speak ill”), from Proto-Italic *maledfatos, fromLatin male (“badly, wrong”) + Latin for (“speak, say”). The first part is from Proto-Italic *malos, from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“to deceive”), cognate with Lithuanian melas (“lie”) and the first element of Ancient Greek βλάσφημος (blásphēmos, “jinx”). The second part is from Proto-Italic *fāōr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti (“to speak”), cognate with the second element of Ancient Greek βλάσφημος (blásphēmos, “jinx”).
Laury
* As an English surname, variant of Lawry.
* As a French surname, variant of Laur, from Latin laurus. Compare Lauro.
Goldsborough
From the Old English personal name Godel or Golda + -s- + burg (“fortress, stronghold”).
Nosal
From Polish Nosal, Ukrainian Носаль (Nosalʹ), Czech Nosál, and Slovak Nosáľ.
Sobol
From Ukrainian соболь (sobolʹ, “sable”), Russian соболь (sobolʹ, “sable”), Polish soból (“sable”), or another Slavic language.
Scheuer
From the German surname, from Middle High German schiur (“barn”). See modern Scheuer.
Gourock
From Scottish Gaelic Guireag (“pimple”), from Middle Irish guirín (“pustule”), from or related to Old Irish guirid (“to warm, heat”).
sprink
Inherited from Middle English sprinken, variant of spryngen (“to spring, sprinkle”) influenced by sprenkelen (“to sprinkle”). Compare North Frisian spreenke (“to asperse”).
Lanark
From Cumbric *lannerch (“a glade”), compare Welsh llannerch (“glade, clearing”).
Kosak
* As a Polish, Lower Sorbian (Kósak), Czech and Slovak surname, variant of Kós, surname meaning "blackbird," from Proto-Slavic *kosъ, and Kosa, meaning "scythe." The Sorbian forms are sometimes Germanized as Kossack or in some cases Kozak.
* Also as a Czech surname, from košák (“beehive”), itself formed from koš (“basket”).
* As a Slovene surname, from koščak (“kind of nut tree”), probably from kost (“bone”). Compare Koschak.
* As a Serbo-Croatian surname, from košak (“basket”).
Compare Kosack.
dolce vita
Borrowed from Italian dolce vita (literally “sweet life”), popularised by Fellini's La Dolce Vita (1960).
Grewe
English and Irish surname from Old French grue (“crane”), a nickname for a tall and scrawny person.
Garrigan
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Geargáin (“descendant of Geargán”), a personal name which derives from the diminutive form of gearg (“quail”).
Niu
Romanization of Hokkien 梁 (Niû) in most dialects. Doublet of Liang.
Borbon
From Spanish Borbón, Hispanicized form of French Bourbon. Mostly a common Filipino surname.
Houpt
German surname, Americanized form of Haupt. Compare Houpe.
Riter
From the German surname, probably a variant of Ritter or Reiter.
Alcock
From a hypocoristic form of several given names beginning with Al-, like Alan and Alexander, + the Middle English diminutive suffix -cok. Compare other surname like Hancock and Wilcock.
Tawil
Borrowed from Arabic طَوِيل (ṭawīl, “long, tall”). This surname is predominantly found in Jordan and Lybia.
Kochan
* Czech, Polish, Sorbian, and Slovak Kochan, all meaning "beloved"
* Ukrainian Кохан (Koxan)
* respelling of Slovak and Slovene Kočan
Lindow
From earlier Lindaw, locational surname from Lindal-in-Furness, from Middle English Lindale (“valley where lime trees grow”), from lynde (“lime tree”) + dale (“valley”).
Arizpe
Borrowed from Spanish Arizpe, from Basque Arizpe (literally “[place] under the oak”).
Zaki
From the Arabic surname, from the adjective زكي (“chaste, pure”). Compare Zaky.
Tham
Borrowed from Cantonese 譚／谭 (taam4), etc.
Chagoya
Borrowed from Spanish Chagoya, from Basque Txagoia.
Sze
Borrowed from Cantonese 施 (si¹, IPA: /siː⁵⁵/). See also Szeto, which is from Cantonese 司徒 (si¹ tou⁴, IPA: /siː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/).
Tison
From Old French tison (“firebrand”), originating as a nickname in French.