MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
ablaut
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Proto-Germanic *ab
Old High German ab
Middle High German ab
German ab
German ab-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós
Proto-Germanic *hlūdaz
Proto-West Germanic *hlūd
Old High German lūt
Middle High German lūt
German Laut
German Ablautbor.
English ablaut
Borrowed from German Ablaut (“sound gradation”), which is from ab- or ab (“down, off”), + Laut (“sound”). Ab is used here in the sense of “deviating, varying” as in Abgott (“god other than the true God”), Abart (“different sort, variety, anomality”).
able
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁bʰéh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *haβēō
Latin habeō
Proto-Indo-European *-elis
Proto-Italic *-elis
Latin -ilis
Latin habilis
Old French ablebor.
Middle English able
English able
From Middle English able, from Old Northern French able, variant of Old French abile, habile, from Latin habilis (“easily managed, held, or handled; apt; skillful”). Doublet of habile.
From Middle English ablen, from Middle English able (adjective).
ablegate
Borrowed from French ablégate, from Latin ablēgātus, perfect passive participle of ablēgō (“to send off or away; banish”), from ab (“from, away from”) + lēgō (“to dispatch, send on a commission”). See legate.
ablet
From French ablet, ablette, a diminutive from Late Latin abula, for albula, diminutive of albus (“white”). Compare abele.
abligate
From Latin ab- + ligātus, perfect passive participle of ligāre (“to tie”).
abligurition
PIE word
 *h₂epó
Learned borrowing from Late Latin abligurrītiō, abligurītiō (“act of devouring; act of spending in feasting”), from abligurriō, abliguriō (“to lick away; to spend or waste indulgently, squander”) + -tiō (suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs); from ab- (“away; away from; from”) + ligurriō, liguriō (“to lick up; to feast or feed upon; to be dainty or fond of luxuries”).
ablude
From Latin ablūdō (“differ from”), from ab (“from”) + lūdō (“play; trick”).
abluent
From Latin abluēns, present active participle of abluō (“to wash off or away; cleanse, purify”), from ab (“from, away from”) + lavō (“to wash, cleanse”). See lave.
ablution
From Middle English ablucioun (“cleansing of impurities”), from Old French ablution, and its source, Late Latin ablūtiō (“a washing away”), from abluō (“wash away”), from ab- (“away”) + lavō (“wash”).
ably
From Middle English abeliche, abelyche, abilliche, abliche; equivalent to able + -ly.
abnegate
First attested in 1657.
* Perhaps from Latin abnegō (“to refuse, reject”) from ab (“away from”) + negō (“to deny”),
* Alternatively, perhaps a back-formation from abnegation.
abnegation
First attested before 1398. From Middle English abnegacioun, borrowed from Late Latin abnegātiō, from abnegō (“refuse, deny”), from ab (“off”) + negō (“deny; refuse, say no”). Compare French abnégation.
abnegator
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Proto-Italic *ap
Late Latin abder.
Late Latin ab-
Late Latin negō
Late Latin abnegō
Late Latin abnegātus
Proto-Indo-European *-tōr
Proto-Italic *-tōr
Late Latin -tor
Late Latin abnegātorbor.
English abnegator
From Late Latin abnegator, from abnegatus. Equivalent to abnegate + -or.
abnormal
From ab- + normal. First attested in 1835, replacing the earlier anormal and even earlier abnormous, from Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”), from either ab- (“away from”) + norma (“rule, norm”), or Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos).
abnormity
From abnorm(al) + -ity, from Late Latin abnormitas, from Latin abnormis (“irregular, abnormal”), from ab + norm (“rule, pattern”). See also abnormous.
abnormous
From Latin abnormis, from ab- + norma (“rule”), + -ous. For more, see normal.
aboard
From Middle English abord, from a- (“on”) + bord (“board, side of a ship”); equivalent to a- + board.
abode
From Middle English abod, abad, from Old English *ābād, related to ābīdan (“to abide”); see abide. Cognate with Scots abade, abaid (“abode”). For the change of nouns, compare abode, preterite of abide.
From an alteration (with bode) of Middle English abeden (“to announce”), from Old English ābēodan (“to command, proclaim”), from a- + bēodan (“to command, proclaim”). Superficial analysis is a- + bode (“presage, portend, announce”).
abolish
From late Middle English abolisshen, from Middle French aboliss-, extended stem of abolir, from Latin abolēre (“to retard, check the growth of, (and by extension) destroy, abolish”), and inchoative abolēscere (“to wither, vanish, cease”).
abolishment
From Middle French abolissement, from aboliss-, stem of some conjugated forms abolir, equivalent to abolish + -ment.
aboma
From Sranan Tongo aboma, from Fanti Akan aboma (“large constricting snake”), perhaps via French aboma.
abomasum
From New Latin abomāsum, from ab- (“away from”) + omāsum (“tripe of a bullock”).
abominable
From Middle English abhomynable, from Old French abominable, from Late Latin abōminābilis (“deserving abhorrence”), from abōminor (“abhor, deprecate as an ill omen”), from ab (“from, away from”) + ōminor (“forebode, predict, presage”), from ōmen (“sign, token, omen”). Formerly erroneously folk-etymologized as deriving from Latin ab- + homo, literally "away from humankind," and therefore spelled abhominable, abhominal (Hence, Shakespeare puns on this when Hamlet speaks of incompetent actors that "imitate humanity abominably.")
abominate
First attested in 1644. Perhaps a back-formation from abomination. Alternatively, perhaps from Late Latin abōminātus, past participle of abōminarī (“to deprecate as an ill omen”), from ab + ominari (“to forebode, presage”), from omen.
abomination
From Middle English abominacioun, from Middle French abomination (“horror, disgust”), from Late Latin abōminātiō, abōminātiōnem (“abomination”) Doublet of abominatio.
aboon
From Middle English abone, abowne, from abuven, from Old English abūfan (“above”).
abort
From Middle English, from Latin abortus, perfect active participle of aborior (“miscarry”), formed from ab + orior (“to come into being”). Doublet of abortus.
From Latin abortare, from abortus, from aboriri (“miscarry”), from ab- (“not”) + oriri (“come into being, arise, appear”).
abortifacient
First attested in 1875. abort + -facient (“causing an”), from Latin facere (“to make”).
abortion
From Latin abortiōnem (“miscarriage, abortion”), from aborior (“to miscarry”). Equivalent to abort + -ion. Displaced native Old English ǣwyrp (literally “throwing out, rejection”).
abortive
First attested in 1382, with the meaning "causing stillbirth or miscarriage". From Middle English abortif, from Old French abortif, from Latin abortīvus (“causing abortion”), from aborior (“miscarry, disappear”), from ab (“amiss”) + orior (“appear, be born, arise”).
abound
* First attested around 1325.
* From Middle English abounden, abounde, from Old French abonder, abunder, from Latin abundāre (“overflow”), which comes from ab (“from, down from”) + undō (“surge, swell, rise in waves, move in waves”), from unda (“wave”).
about
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *ana-
Proto-West Germanic *ana-
Old English on-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.
Proto-Indo-European *h₁epsder.
Proto-Indo-European *h₁epider.
Proto-Indo-European *h₁pi
Proto-Germanic *bi
Proto-West Germanic *bī
Proto-West Germanic *bi-
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Germanic *ūt
Proto-West Germanic *ūtō
Proto-West Germanic *ūtan
Proto-West Germanic *biūtan
Old English būtan
Old English onbūtan
Middle English aboute
English about
Preposition and adverb from Middle English aboute, abouten, from Old English abūtan, onbūtan, from on (“in, on”) + būtan (“outside of”), itself from be (“by”) + ūtan (“outside”). Cognate with Old Frisian abûta (“outside; except”).
Adjective from Middle English about (adverb).
above
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ud-s-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-?
Proto-Germanic *uz-
Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-
Old English ar-
Old English ā-
Proto-West Germanic *bi-
Proto-Indo-European *upó
Proto-Germanic *ub
Proto-Germanic *-anē
Proto-Germanic *ubanē
Proto-West Germanic *obanā
Proto-West Germanic *biobanā
Old English bufan
Old English abūfan
Middle English aboven
English above
From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.
The preposition, the adjective, and the noun derive from the adverb.
abrade
From Latin abrādō (“scrape off”), from ab (“from, away from”) + rādō (“scrape”). First attested in 1677.
From Middle English abraiden. See abraid.
abraid
From Middle English abraiden, abreiden (“to start up, awake, move, reproach”), from Old English ābreġdan (“to move quickly, vibrate, draw, draw from, remove, unsheath, wrench, pull out, withdraw, take away, draw back, free from, draw up, raise, lift up, start up”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”) + *bregdaną (“to move, swing”), of uncertain further origin. Equivalent to a- + braid. Related to Dutch breien (“to knit”), German bretten (“to knit”).
From Middle English abrede. More at abread.
abranchiata
From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + βράγχια (bránkhia, “gills”) + -ata.
abrase
From Latin abrāsus, perfect passive participle of abrādō (“abrade”), from ab (“from, away from”) + rādō (“scrape”).
abrasion
First attested in 1656. From French abrasion (attested since 1611), from Medieval Latin abrasio (“a scraping”), from Latin abrādō (“scrape off”). See also abrade.
abraum
From German abräumen (“to remove”), from ab (“from”) (Old High German aba (“away”)) + raum (“space”) (Old High German rūm).
abreast
From Middle English abrest. By surface analysis, a- (“on, at”) + breast, meaning “breasts (chests) in line, side-by-side and exactly equally advanced”; roughly “breast-by-breast”.
abrenounce
Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin abrenunciare, from Latin ab- (“from”) + renuntio (“revoke”).
abrenunciation
From either Old French abrenonciation or from Late Latin abrenuntiatio, from Late Latin abrenuntiatiō, from ab + renuntiatiō (“to renounce”).
* See abrenounce.
abreption
From Latin abreptus, perfect passive participle of abripiō (“snatch away”); from ab (“away”) + rapiō (“snatch”).
abridge
From Middle English abreggen, abregge, abrigge (“curtail, lessen”), from Old French abregier, abreger, from Late Latin abbreviō, abbreviāre (“make brief”). Doublet of abbreviate.
From Middle English Affebrigg, from Old English, from Æffa (personal name) + brycg (“bridge”). For the first element see Effingham.
abridgment
First attested in 1494. From Middle English abrygement, from Middle French abrégement. Equivalent to abridge + -ment.
abroach
From Middle English abroche, from Norman, from Old French abroche (“to spigot”). Equivalent to a- + broach.
abroad
First attested in mid 13th century. From Middle English abrood (“broadly widely scattered”), from a- (“on, in”) + brood (“broad”). Equivalent to a- + broad.
abrogate
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Proto-Italic *ap
Latin abder.
Latin ab-
Latin rogō
Latin abrogō
Latin abrogātusder.
Middle English abrogat
English abrogate
First attested in 1526, from Middle English abrogat (“abolished”), from Latin abrogātus, perfect passive participle of abrogō (“repeal”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), formed from ab (“away”) + rogō (“ask, inquire, propose”). See rogation.
abrogation
First attested in 1535. From Middle French abrogation, from Latin abrogātiō (“repealed”), from abrogo, from ab (“from”) + rogo (“ask, inquire”). By surface analysis, ab- + Latin rog- + -ate + -ion.
abrupt
First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”).
abruption
From abrupt + -ion. From Latin abruptio, from abrumpo (“to break off”).
abscess
Borrowed from Latin abscessus (“a going away; gathering of humors, abscess”), from abscēdō (“go away, depart”), from abs (“away from”) + cēdō (“go”). See cede.
abscession
Learned borrowing from Latin abscessio (“a separation”); from abscedere. See abscess.
abscind
From Latin abscindere (“cut off”), from ab (“from, away from”) + scindō (“cut, rend”).
absciss
From Latin abscissa, feminine of abscissus, perfect passive participle of abscindō (“cut asunder”).
abscissa
By ellipsis from Latin [linea] abscissa, feminine of abscissus, perfect passive participle of abscindō (“cut off”). See abscind.
on
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.
Proto-Germanic *an
Proto-West Germanic *ana
Old English on
Middle English on
English on
From Middle English on, from Old English on, an (“on, upon, onto, in, into”), from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, at”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“on, onto”).
Cognates
Cognate with Yola a, an, ana, on (“on”), Saterland Frisian an (“on; at”), West Frisian oan (“on; to, towards”), Cimbrian aan, å (“on, onto”), Dutch aan (“on; at”), Low German an (“on; at, to”), German an (“at, in; on”), Luxembourgish un (“on; at, to”), Yiddish אָן (on, “on, onward”), Danish, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish å (“on”), Elfdalian ą̊ (“on”), Faroese and Icelandic á (“in; on”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana, “at, on”); also Umbrian 𐌀𐌌- (am-), 𐌀𐌍- (an-, “up, upon”), Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “on, upon”) (whence Greek ανά (aná, “by, through, per”)), Albanian në (“in; on”), Latvian no (“from; out of; for; of; with”), Lithuanian nuo (“from, off; for, of”), Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, and Ukrainian на (na, “on”), Czech, Polish, Slovak, and Slovene na (“on”), Serbo-Croatian на, na (“on”), Old Armenian ան- (an-, “at, on, unto”); and from Old Norse upp á: Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Swedish på (“on”), Norwegian Nynorsk paa, på (“on”), see upon.
From Old Norse ón, án (“without”), from Proto-Germanic *ēnu, *ēno, *ino (“without”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḗnu (“without”). Cognate with North Frisian on (“without”), Middle Dutch an, on (“without”), Middle Low German āne (“without”), German ohne (“without”), Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without, except”).
Unlikely to be related to Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu, “without”), which is likely akin to Proto-Germanic *sundraz instead (whence sunder).
From Japanese 音読み (on'yomi, literally “sound reading”).
kun
From Japanese 訓読み (kun'yomi), literally "meaning reading" (i.e. pronunciation based on meaning).
abscission
From Latin abscissiō, from abscindō (“to cut, to tear”).
abscond
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Proto-Italic *ap
Latin abder.
Latin abs-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Italic *kom
Proto-Italic *kom-
Latin con-
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tder.
Proto-Italic *-ðō
Latin -dō
Latin condō
Latin abscondōder.
Middle French abscondrebor.
▲
Latin abscondōbor.
English abscond
Either borrowed from Middle French abscondre or directly from Latin abscondō (“hide”); formed from abs, ab (“away”) + condō (“put together, store”), from con- (“together”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”).
* Cognate with sconce (“a type of light fixture”).
odd
From Middle English odde, od (“odd (not even); leftover after division into pairs”), from Old Norse oddi (“odd, third or additional number; triangle”), from oddr (“point of a weapon”), from Proto-Germanic *uzdaz (“point”), from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to stick, prick, pierce, sting”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to set, place”).
Cognate to Icelandic oddi (“triangle, point of land, odd number”), Swedish udda (“odd”), udd (“a point”), Danish od (“point of weapon””) and odde (“a headland, point”), Norwegian Bokmål odde (“a point”, “odd”, “peculiar”); related to Old English ord (“a point”). Doublet of ord ("point").
English surname, from the Middle English name Ode, either from Anglo-Norman Ode (see Oates) or from Old English Odda, Old Norse Oddr, or a conflation of all. Compare Oddy.
calendar
Etymology tree
Old French calendierbor.
Middle English kalender
English calendar
From Middle English kalender, from Old French calendier, from Latin calendarium (“account book”), from kalendae (“the first day of the month”), from kalō (“to announce solemnly, to call out (the sighting of the new moon)”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-. Doublet of calendarium.
Displaced native Old English rīmbōc and ġerīmbōc.
millennium
From Late Latin mīllennium, from Latin mīllennis (“1000-year”) + -ium (forming abstract nouns).
raptor
From Middle English raptour, from Latin raptor (“kidnapper, thief”).
week
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weyg-der.
Proto-Germanic *wikǭ
Proto-West Germanic *wikā
Old English wiċe
Middle English wyke
English week
From Middle English wyke, weke, from Old English wiċe, wucu (“week”), from Proto-West Germanic *wikā, from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ (“sequence; week”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyg-, *weyk- (“to bend, curve”). Related to Proto-Germanic *wīkaną (“to bend, yield, cease”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots ouk, oulk (“week”), Yola wick, wik (“week”), North Frisian waag, Week, weg (“week”), Saterland Frisian Wiek, Wíek (“week”), West Frisian wike (“week”), Bavarian Wochn (“week”), Cimbrian boch, bòcha (“week”), Dutch week (“week”), German Woche (“week”), German Low German Week (“week”), Limburgish waek, Wéëk (“week”), Luxembourgish Woch (“week”), Mòcheno boch (“week”), Vilamovian woch (“week”), Yiddish וואָך (vokh, “week”), Danish uge (“week”), Elfdalian wiku, wikå (“week”), Faroese and Icelandic vika (“week”), Jamtish vuku (“week”), Norwegian Bokmål uke (“week”), Norwegian Nynorsk veke, vika, viku, vukku, vuku (“week”), Scanian uga (“week”), Swedish vecka (“week”), Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌺𐍉 (wikō, “sequence; week”); also Cornish gwigh (“periwinkles, whelks”), Irish faocha, faochóg (“periwinkle”), Latin vicis (“alteration, turn; time”), Ancient Greek εἴκω (eíkō, “to yield”), Albanian vig (“bier, litter, stretcher”), Northern Kurdish avêtin, avitin, avîtin, havêtin, havîtin (“to cast, hurl, throw”), Persian آویختَن (âvixtan, “to hang, suspend”), بیختن (bēxtan / bixtan, “to sieve, sift”). Related also to Old English wīcan (“to yield, give way”), English weak and wick.
leap
From Middle English lepen, from Old English hlēapan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaupan, from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną. Doublet of lope, lowp, elope, gallop, galop, interlope, and loop.
Cognate with North Frisian laap, luup, luupe (“to jog, run, walk”), Saterland Frisian lope, loope (“to run”), West Frisian ljeppe (“to jump”), Dutch lopen (“to run; to walk”), German laufen (“to run; to walk”), Limburgish loupe (“to jog, run, walk”), Low German lopen, loupen (“to run”), Luxembourgish lafen (“to run”), Vilamovian łaojfa (“to run”), Danish løbe (“to run”), Faroese leypa (“to jump”), Icelandic hlaupa (“to run; to jump”), Norwegian Bokmål løpe (“to run”), Norwegian Nynorsk laupa, laupe, løpa, løpe (“to run”), Swedish löpa (“to run”), from Proto-Indo-European *klewb- (“to spring, stumble”) (compare Lithuanian šlùbti ‘to become lame’, klùbti ‘to stumble’).
From Middle English lep, from Old English lēap (“basket”), from Proto-West Germanic *laup, from Proto-Germanic *laupaz (“container, basket”). Cognate with Icelandic laupur (“basket”).
nu
From Ancient Greek νῦ (nû), name for the letter of the Greek alphabet Ν (N) and ν (n).
Borrowed from Yiddish נו (nu). Doublet of now.
Borrowed from Egyptian nnw (“Nu, the primeval waters”).
winter
From Middle English winter, from Old English winter, from Proto-West Germanic *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz (“winter”). Cognate with West Frisian winter (“winter”), Dutch winter (“winter”), German Winter (“winter”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian vinter (“winter”), Icelandic vetur (“winter”).
bone
From Middle English bon, from Old English bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”), from *bainaz (“straight”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”).
Cognate with Scots bane, been, bean, bein, bain (“bone”), North Frisian bian, Biin, biinj (“bone; leg”), West Frisian bien (“bone”), Dutch been (“bone; leg”), German Low German Been, Bein (“bone”), German Bein (“leg”), German Gebein (“bones”), Swedish ben (“bone; leg”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Icelandic bein (“bone; leg”), Breton benañ (“to cut, hew”), Latin perfinēs (“break through, break into pieces, shatter”), Avestan 𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈 (byente, “they fight, hit”). Related also to Old Norse beinn (“straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen”) (whence Middle English bain, bayne, bayn, beyn (“direct, prompt”), Scots bein, bien (“in good condition, pleasant, well-to-do, cosy, well-stocked, pleasant, keen”)), Icelandic beinn (“straight, direct, hospitable”), Norwegian bein (“straight, direct, easy to deal with”). See bain, bein.
Borrowed from French bornoyer (“to look at with one eye, to sight”), from borgne (“one-eyed”).
servant
From Middle English servaunt, from Old French servant, from the present participle of the verb servir. Doublet of sergeant and servient. Morphologically serve + -ant. Displaced native Old English þeġn.
robot
From German Robot, from a West Slavic language, ultimately related to Etymology 2, below.
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos
Proto-Balto-Slavic *árbas
Proto-Slavic *orbъ
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Proto-Slavic *orbiti
Proto-Indo-European *-otéh₂
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ
Proto-Slavic *-ota
Proto-Slavic *orbota
Old Czech robota
Czech robota
Czech robotbor.
English robot
Borrowed from Czech robot, from robota (“drudgery, servitude”). Coined in the 1920 science-fiction play R.U.R. by Karel Čapek after having been suggested to him by his brother Josef.
Ultimately a cognate with Old English earfoþe and German Arbeit; see dialectal erf. Doublet of etymology 1. Related to English orphan, but with a -t- suffix from Proto-Slavic instead of the -an- from Ancient Greek.
Compare Polish robotnik and Russian работник (rabotnik, “worker”), sometimes mistakenly cited as the direct source of the English word.
English
From Middle English Englisch, English, Inglis, from Old English Englisċ (“of the Angles; English”), from Engle (“the Angles”), a Germanic tribe + -isċ; equivalent to Engle + -ish. Compare West Frisian Ingelsk, Scots Inglis (older ynglis), Dutch Engels, Danish engelsk, Old French Englesche (whence French anglais), German englisch, Spanish inglés, all ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow”) (compare Sanskrit अंहु (áṃhu, “narrow”), अंहस् (áṃhas, “anxiety, sin”), Latin angustus (“narrow”), Old Church Slavonic ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ, “narrow”)). More at Angles (tribe) § Etymology on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
today
From Middle English today, to-daie, todæig, from Old English tōdæġ, tō dæġe (“today”, literally “on [the/this] day, [this] day forward”), equivalent to to + day. Compare Saterland Frisian däälich (“today”), Dutch vandaag (“today”), Old Saxon hindag (“today”, literally “[this] day forward”), German Low German vandage, vandaag (“today”), Swedish i dag, idag (“today”).