MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
candlewick
From Middle English candelwyk, candelwike, from Old English candelweoc, candelwēoce (“candlewick”), equivalent to candle + wick.
verificate
Learned borrowing from Latin vērificāt-, past participial stem of vērificō.
meatless
From Middle English meteles, from Old English metelēas (“foodless”), equivalent to meat + -less.
telson
Borrowed from Ancient Greek τέλσον (télson, “headland”).
trochanter
From French trochanter, from Ancient Greek τροχαντήρ (trokhantḗr).
revocate
Borrowed from Latin revoco, revocatus. Doublet of revoke.
Rachabattuni
Borrowed from Telugu రచబత్తుని (racabattuni).
Leonie
From French Léonie, from Latin Leonia, feminine of Leonius, derived from leo (“lion”).
Lynette
Anglicized form of Welsh Eluned, first used by Tennyson in the Idylls of the King(1859-85), altered by folk etymology to be Lynn + -ette.
Valeria
Feminine form of Roman family name Valerius, from Latin valere (“to be healthy, to be strong”). Doublet of Valerie.
calcate
From Latin calcātus, the past participle of calcāre (“to trample”), parsed via English -ate (verb-forming suffix), from calx (“heel”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of calque.
doubtlessly
From Middle English doutelesly, dowtelesly, equivalent to doubtless + -ly.
hematite
From Middle French hematite, from Latin (lapis) haematites, from Ancient Greek αἱματίτης (haimatítēs) λίθος (líthos, “blood-red stone”), from αἷμα (haîma, “blood”). By surface analysis, hemat- + -ite.
damaru
From Sanskrit डमरु (ḍamaru), and Tibetan ཌ་མ་རུ (ḍa ma ru).
greaten
From Middle English gretnen (“to become great, be pregnant”), equivalent to great + -en.
moorland
From Middle English morelond, equivalent to moor + land. Compare Old Norse mýrlendi (“moorland”).
nascency
Learned borrowing from Latin nāscentia. Doublet of nascence.
Machiavelli
Probably from Italian mal- + chiavello, in which the second component is a diminutive of chiavo (“nail”). The name is attested in a Late Latin document in the form Malclavelli.
slatko
From Serbo-Croatian slàtkō / сла̀тко̄.
fiasco
Borrowed from Italian fiasco (“bottle, flask”), from Late Latin flasca, flascō (“bottle, container”), from Frankish *flaskā (“bottle, flask”) from Proto-Germanic *flaskǭ (“bottle”); see flask.
“Failure” sense comes through French faire fiasco from Italian theatrical slang far fiasco (literally “to make a bottle”), of uncertain origin; perhaps from an expression fare il fiasco, meaning to play a game with the forfeit that the loser will buy the next bottle or round of drinks.
Doublet of flacon, flagon, and flask.
comitadji
From various Balkan languages, all from Ottoman Turkish قومیتهجی (komitacı), from Ottoman Turkish قومیته (komita) from French comité (“committee”) + ـجی (-cı).
copino
From Spanish copino, from copa (“cup”) + -ino (“-ine: forming diminutives”).
ubicate
Probably a back-formation from ubication (“condition or fact of being in, or occupying, a certain place or position”) on the basis of -ate (suffix forming verbs). Ubication is borrowed from New Latin ubicātiō (“location”) (compare the inflected forms ubicātiōnis, ubicātiōnī, etc.), from Latin ubicātus (“located”) + -iō (suffix forming abstract nouns). Ubicātus is a past participial form of ubicō (“to situate”) (found in British works from the 14th century), from ubi (“where”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷ- (primary interrogative root)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).
whortleberry
An alteration of Middle English hurtilbery, hurtil-beri (see English hurtleberry), analysable as whortle + berry. Compare English huckleberry.
pico de gallo
Borrowed from Mexican Spanish pico de gallo (literally “beak of the rooster”).
Marsala
From Sicilian Marsala, from an Arabic name, probably مَرْسَى عَلِيّ (marsā ʕaliyy, “Ali's harbor”), or possibly مَرْسَى اللّٰه (marsā llāh, “God's harbor”). In any case, the first element is مَرْسَى (marsā, “harbor”).
degustate
First attested in 1599; borrowed from Latin dēgustātus, perfect passive participle of dēgustō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of degust.
memorabile
From Latin memorābile, neuter singular of memorābilis (“being memorable or remarkable”), the neuter plural of which is memorābilia. Doublet of memorable.
tomatillo
Borrowed from Spanish tomatillo, diminutive of tomate (“tomato”), ultimately from Classical Nahuatl tomatl.
denunciate
First attested in 1593; borrowed from Latin dēnūntiātus, perfect passive participle of dēnūntiō (“to declare”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of denounce.
Petter
Borrowed from Dutch and German Ludewig, a variant of the personal name Peter.
altepemeh
Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl altepemeh, plural of altepetl.
oversea
From Middle English over-se, over see, ouer sea, from Old English ofer sǣ (literally “over/across (the) sea”); equivalent to over + sea. Compare West Frisian oerseesk, Dutch overzee, German Übersee, Danish oversøisk.
vimpa
From Medieval Latin vimpa, from Frankish *wimpil, *wimpila (“head scarf”), from Proto-Germanic *wimpilaz, from *wīpaną (“to wind, swing”). Doublet of wimple.
kategoria
Learned borrowing from Latin catēgoria, from Ancient Greek κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ (kătēgorĭ́ā). Doublet of category.
alosa
Borrowed from Latin alausa, from Gaulish *alausa. Doublet of alose.
condite
From Latin condītus, past participle of condīre (“to preserve, pickle, season”). Related to condiment. See also recondite.
obeli
From Middle English obeli, oboli, oboly, from Late Latin obeli, from Ancient Greek ὀβελοί (obeloí).
cerate
From Middle English cerate, cerote, from Latin cērātum, from cēra (“wax”), see -ate (noun-forming suffix)
incrimination
Borrowed from Medieval Latin incriminatus ( + -ion), from incrimino, from Latin crimino. Equivalent to incriminate + -ion.
venene
From Latin venēnum (“juice; venom”). Doublet of venin and venom.
Portia
From Latin Porcia, a feminine form of the gens name Porcius (the gens of the Cato the Elder and his famous descendants), from porcus (“pig”). The moon is named for the character in The Merchant of Venice.
Corruption of Tamil பூவரசு (pūvaracu, literally “flower-king”), from பூ (pū, “flower”) + அரசு (aracu, “peepul tree”).
lochia
Learned borrowing from Latin lochia, from Ancient Greek λοχεία (lokheía), neuter plural of λοχείος (lokheíos, “of childbirth”), from λόχος (lókhos, “childbirth”).
decuple
From Middle English decuple, from Middle French décuple, from Late Latin decuplus (“tenfold”), from Latin decem (“ten”), and plicō (“fold”).
dolorose
Borrowed from Latin dolōrōsus (“painful, sorrowful”); compare doloroso and dolorous.
freeholder
From Middle English free holder, freholdere, equivalent to freehold + -er. Compare Old Northern French fraunc tenaunt.
immutate
First attested in 1788; borrowed from Latin immūtātus, from in- (“not”) + mūtātus (“changed”), perfect passive participle of mūtō (“to change”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
yfed
From Old English ġefēd, past participle of fēdan.
incontaminate
From Latin incontaminatus, from in- (“not”), and contaminate.
full-grown
From Middle English *fulgrowen, fulgrowe, ful growe, equivalent to full + grown. Compare Middle English fulwaxen, fullwaxen (“full-grown”), from Old English fullweaxen (“full-grown”).
indiscrete
Learned borrowing from Latin indiscrētus (“unseparated”). See also indiscreet.
inedita
1885–1890, New Latin, from Latin inēdita, neuter plural of inēditus, from in- (“not”) + ēditus (neuter plural ēdita), perfect form of ēdō (“publish, put forth”) (as in English edition), from ē (“out”) (from ēx) + dō (“give”), all from Proto-Indo-European roots.
Various Romance cognates such as French inédit and Italian inedito.
furbish
Etymology tree
Frankish *furbēnbor.
Old French forbirbor.
Middle English furbisshen
English furbish
From Middle English furbisshen, from Old French forbir (stem furbiss-, “to clean, polish”), from Frankish *furbēn (“to clean, polish”).
infortunate
The adjective is first attested circa 1390, in Middle English, the verb in 1570; inherited from Middle English infortunat(e), borrowed from Latin infortūnātus, see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3). Doublet of unfortunate.
fusilier
Borrowed from French fusilier, from fusil.
Borrowed from French Fusilier.
futurology
From future + -ology. Attested once in 1934 as the title of play, Futureology; in later use, after German Futurologie, suggested in a 1942 letter to the American scholar John H. Herz by the German political scientist Ossip K. Flechtheim, who used futurology in a 1943 Phylon article.
futz
From German herumfurzen (literally “to fart around”) (herum- + furzen), perhaps via Yiddish אַרומפֿאַרצן (arumfartsn); alternatively, a euphemism for fuck.
intempestive
From Latin intempestīvus, from in- + tempestīvus (“seasonable”).
intime
From Latin intimus (“innermost”) perhaps via French intime. Compare intimate (adjective).
Knecht
Derived from German surname, from Middle High German and Middle Low German knecht (“journeyman, knight's servant”).
maturate
From Latin māturātus, perfect passive participle of māturō (“to ripen”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Compare French maturer.
mah
From Cantonese 嘛 (maa³).
From Mandarin 嗎／吗 (ma) or Cantonese 嗎／吗 (maa⁵).
From Chinese 馬／马 (Cantonese: maa⁵, Hokkien: Má, Mandarin: Mǎ), or other sources.
nodose
Borrowed from Latin nōdōsus. Equivalent to nodo- + -ose.
numerose
From Latin numerōsus (“numerous, abundant; harmonious”), from numerus (“number”). Doublet of numerous.
pisane
From Middle English pisan, from an Old French word variously spelled pizaine, pizane, pesine, etc, found also in phrases like colarete(s) pizaine, gorgerete(s) pizaine. Probably from Old French piz (“chest”), from Latin pectus, extended like in poitrine, although it has also been suggested that it could derive from Old French pisain (French pisan), "Pisan" (compare burgonet from Bourgogne (“Burgundy”)).
cholent
From Yiddish טשאָלנט (tsholnt), of unknown origin, but may be from an Old French reflex of Latin calēns.
matzos
From the Ashkenazi pronunciation of Hebrew מצות (matzót)
superate
Borrowed from Latin superātus, perfect passive participle of superō (“to surmount, exceed, better”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
challah
From Hebrew חַלָּה (ḥallá, “loaf”), influenced by Yiddish חלה (khale).
prejudge
Borrowed from Middle French préjuger, itself an adaptation of Latin praeudico, praeiudicare. Doublet of prejudicate.
munite
From the participle stem of Latin mūnīre (“to wall round, fortify”), earlier moenīre, from moenia (“walls”).
vettura
Borrowed from Italian vettura, from Latin vectūra (“conveyance”). Doublet of vecture and voiture.
guillemet
From French guillemet, diminutive form of the name Guillaume (“William”), named after French typecutter Guillaume Le Bé (1525–1598) who supposedly invented the marks.
dolefully
From Middle English dolfully, dolefulliche, deolfulliche, equivalent to doleful + -ly.
dolorously
From Middle English dolerousely, dolorouxly, dolorusly; equivalent to dolorous + -ly.
drearily
From Middle English drerily, from Old English drēoriġlīċe; equivalent to dreary + -ly.
Hainan
c. 1600s, from Mandarin 海南 (Hǎinán). Doublet of Hainam and Hailam.
aborigines
Learned borrowing from Latin aborīginēs.
Learned borrowing from Latin aborīginēs, which see for more.
comfort woman
Calque from Japanese 慰(い)安(あん)婦(ふ) (ianfu).
kelpie
Possibly from Scottish Gaelic cailpeach or colpach, meaning "colt".
The dog breed derives from the name shared by the first two breeding bitches (dam and pup), which in turn derives from the mythological spirit.
rigadoon
Anglicized from French rigaudon. Ultimate origin unknown; perhaps related to Hebrew ריקודים or Arabic رقص.
Lester
* As an English surname, from the placename Leicester.
* Also as an English surname of Norman origin, from Lestre in Normandy, from Old French Lestra, from Medieval Latin Laxtra, perhaps from extera (“exterior (part of a property)”).
* As an English and Scottish surname, variant of Lister.
* Also as an English surname, variant of Laster.
* As a Scottish and Irish surname, shortened from McLester.
asili
Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)bor.
Swahili asilibor.
English asili
From Swahili asili (“origin”); introduced in this sense by Marimba Ani.
quinticlave
From Latin quīnque (“five”) + clavis (“key”), formed as a calque of French quinte à clef.
diffusive
From post-classical Latin diffusivus (“tending to spread; expansive”) (13th century), from participle stem of Latin diffundere (“diffuse, disperse”).
amable
From Middle English amable, amabully, amebill, partly from Middle French amable (modern aimable) and partly from its etymon, Latin amābilis. Doublet of aimable (“likeable”).
peplum
From Latin peplum, from Ancient Greek πέπλον (péplon), accusative singular of πέπλος (péplos).
From French péplum, from Latin peplum, from Ancient Greek πέπλων (péplōn), neuter of πέπλος (péplos).
nobilissimus
Borrowed from Latin nōbilissimus, superlative of nōbilis (“noble”).
vastus
From Latin vastus (“vast, immense, enormous, huge, monstrous”). Doublet of vast.
Amazonomachy
Alteration of Amazonomachia, after -machy (suffix forming nouns with the sense ‘battle, fight’). Amazonomachia is either borrowed from French Amazonomachie or German Amazonomachie, or is a direct learned borrowing from their etymon Ancient Greek Ἀμαζονομᾰχῐ́ᾱ (Amazonomăkhĭ́ā), from Ἀμαζών (Amazṓn, “mythical female warrior from the Black Sea region”) (for further etymology see that entry) + μᾰ́χη (mắkhē, “battle, combat”) (either ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂gʰ- (“to fight”) or Pre-Greek) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns).
hain
From earlier hayne, from Middle English *haynen, *heynen, from Old Norse hegna (“to protect; defend”), from Proto-Germanic *haginjaną (“to hedge”), equivalent to hedge + -en. Cognate with Icelandic hegna (“to fence; confine; punish”), Swedish hägna (“to fence off; enclose; protect”), Danish hegne (“to enclose; fence in”). Related to hedge.
The noun is from Middle English heyn.
hauntingly
From Middle English hauntingli, hawntyngly, equivalent to haunting + -ly.
refusenik
From refuse + -nik (suffix denoting a nickname for a person who endorses, exemplifies, or is associated with something, often a particular ideology or preference), a calque of Russian отка́зник (otkáznik), from отка́з (otkáz, “denial, refusal, rejection, repudiation”) + -ник (-nik, suffix forming masculine nouns, usually denoting adherents, etc.).
harakat
From Arabic حَرَكَات (ḥarakāt), plural of حَرَكَة (ḥaraka)
himation
From Ancient Greek ἱμάτιον (himátion), diminutive of ἷμα (hîma), a variant form of εἷμα (heîma, “garment”).
Nineveh
From Old English Niniuea (under influence from Biblical Hebrew נִינְוֵה (nīnəwē)), from Latin Nīnevē, from Ancient Greek Νινευή (Nineuḗ), ultimately from Akkadian 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 𒀏 (/⁠Ninua⁠/) or Old Babylonian 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 (/⁠Ninuwā⁠/) of uncertain origin, but is clearly a variation of 𒀏 (/⁠ninâ⁠/, “fish”). The cuneiform seems to denote "House of Fish", although whether this referred to literal fish, an aspect of Ishtar, a separate Hurrian goddess, or something else entirely is unclear.
The traditional folk etymology in classical antiquity derived it from an eponymous founder Ninus (Greek: Νίνος (Nínos)).
saidan
Borrowed from Japanese 祭(さい)壇(だん) (saidan).
ga-ga
From Hebrew גע־גע, reduplicated form of Hebrew גע (“touch”).
fumet
From the French fumet (“aroma”), from Latin fumus (“smoke”). Doublet of fumetto.
Noa
Borrowed from Spanish Noa, a surname mostly found in Cuba. The surname could also derive from German Noä.
From the Polynesian term noa, e.g. Hawaiian noa (“free of taboo”).
Borrowed from Māori noa.
reverberatory
Borrowed from New Latin reverberatorius; by surface analysis, reverberate + -ory.
madrasa
Borrowed from Arabic مَدْرَسَة f (madrasa, “school”), a noun of place from the verb دَرَسَ (darasa, “to learn, to study”).
renter
Borrowed from French rentraire; Latin prefix re- (“re-”) + in (“into, in”) + trahere (“to draw”).
configurate
First attested in 1566; borrowed from Latin cōnfigūrātus, perfect passive participle of cōnfigūrō (“to form or alter”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Doublet of configure.
carga
From Spanish carga (“a load, 4 Spanish bushels”), from cargar (“to load”), from Late Latin carricāre, from Latin carrus (“cart”). Doublet of charge and cargo.
isot
From Turkish isot, from ısı (“heat”) + ot (“grass”).
outdraw
From Middle English outdrauen, outdrawen, from Old English ūtdragan, from Proto-Germanic *ūtdraganą. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uutdreege, West Frisian útdrage (“to carry out”), Dutch uitdragen (“to carry out”), German austragen (“to deal with; deliver”), Icelandic útdraga (“to extract; draw out”). By surface analysis, out- + draw.
milla
From Spanish milla (“Spanish mile”), from Latin mīlia (“Roman mile”), plural of mīlle (“1000”) in reference to its composition of 1000 Roman paces. Doublet of mile and milha.
veve
From Haitian Creole vèvè, from Portuguese viver (“to live”).
Aseem
Borrowed from Hindi असीम (asīm, “boundless, infinite”), from अ- (a-, “un-, not”) + सीम (sīm, “limit”). Compare सीमा (sīmā, “boundary, limit”) for second element.
suffete
From Latin suffes, from Late Punic 𐤔𐤐𐤈 (špṭ, “judge”). Doublet of shophet.
mangetout
Borrowed from French mangetout, from mange (“eat”) + tout (“all”), since even the pod is edible.
frangipani
From French frangipane, from Italian frangipane. Possibly named after Muzio Frangipane, a 16th-century marquess of the Italian noble Frangipani family, who invented a plumeria-scented perfume. The name Frangipane derives from frangere (“to break”) + pane (“bread”), a reference to the family's distribution of bread in time of famine.
inhabitable
From Middle English inhabitable, inhabytabill, from Middle French inhabitable and its etymon Latin inhabitābilis (“uninhabitable”). By surface analysis, in- + habitable.
Candace
From Latin Candacē, from Ancient Greek Κανδάκη (Kandákē), from Meroitic 𐦲𐦷𐦲𐦡 (kdke /⁠kandakə⁠/), a hereditary title of ancient queens of Napata (northern Sudan).
Cara
20th-century English coinage from Italian cara (“dear”) or Irish cara (“friend”).
Chantal
Borrowed from French Chantal in the 1960s, from the surname of a French saint Jeanne de Chantal, actually a Baroness of Chantal, a place name in France from Old Occitan cantal (“stone, moellon, rubblestone”).
Kiana
Borrowed from Hawaiian Kiana, itself from English Diana. Also used as a modern feminine form of Kian.
diaphoretic
From Latin diaphorēticus, from Ancient Greek διαφορητικός (diaphorētikós); by surface analysis, diaphor(esis) + -etic.
chiltepin
From Nahuatl; the first element is chilli (“pepper”), the second is tecpin (“flea”).
self-willed
From Middle English selfe-willed, selwillyd, equivalent to self- + willed. Compare Middle English onwille, anewil (“selfwilled, stubborn”), from Old English ānwille (literally “one-willed, one's own-willed, self-willed”).
campanella
Learned borrowing from Latin campānella, from campāna (“steeple bell”) + -ella (diminutive suffix).
spital
From Middle English spitel, an aphetic form, from Medieval Latin hospitāle.
immaterially
From Middle English inmaterialliche, inmaterially; equivalent to immaterial + -ly.
immoderately
From Middle English immoderatliche, inmoderately; equivalent to immoderate + -ly.
immovably
From Middle English in-moueabily; equivalent to immovable + -ly.
Irredentist
Borrowed from Italian irredentista, from (Italia) irredenta (“unredeemed Italy”).
bigly
From Middle English bygly, byggly, biggely. By surface analysis, big (“of great size, large (adjective); to a large extent, on a large scale; hard (adverb)”) + -ly.
From Middle English bygly, biglie, byggly (“comfortable, stately, perfect”), borrowed from Old Norse byggiligr, byggviligr (“habitable”); equivalent to big (“to build, construct, live in, reside, dwell”) + -ly. Cognate with Icelandic byggilegur (“inhabitable, liveable”).
ventri-
From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin venter (“stomach”).
Pandarus
from Ancient Greek Πάνδαρος (Pándaros).
vol-au-vent
Unadapted borrowing from French vol-au-vent (“windblown”, literally “flight in the wind”).
copperas
From Middle English coperas, coperose (“metallic sulfate”), from Old French coperose. Compare French couperose (“sulfate”), Medieval Latin cuprosa, Late Latin aqua cuprosa, Latin cupri rosa, "rose of copper".
Brennan
From Irish Ó Braonáin (“descendant of Braonán”), a diminutive of braon (“moisture, drop”). Alternatively, from Irish Ó Branáin (“descendant of Branán”), a diminutive of bran (“raven”).
Colm
From Irish Colm, from Late Latin Columba (literally “dove”), the name of a sixth century saint, one of the patron saints of Ireland and Scotland. Doublet of Calum.
Caspar
A name given to one of the Magi in Western church tradition, from Biblical Hebrew גִּזְבָּר (gizbar), ultimately from Old Median *ganǰabarah; see it for more. Compare Hatran Aramaic 𐣢𐣦𐣡𐣣𐣩 (gzbry /⁠Gazzabray⁠/, “a given name”), also from Iranian.
Donovan
From Irish Ó Donndubháin (“descendant of (a person named) brown & black”), from donn (“brown”) and dubh (“black”).
diversificate
Hypercorrection of diversify, on the basis of Latin dīversificō + -ate (verb-forming suffix) with diversify being the regular derived form of Middle French diversifier, itself from Medieval Latin dīversificō, from Latin dīversus (“opposite, different”).
Sacagawea
Borrowed from Hidatsa Cagáàgawia, from cagáàga (“bird”) + míà (“woman”).
musth
Borrowed from Urdu مست (mast, “drunk, intoxicated; lustful”), and from its etymon Persian مست (mast, “(adjective) drunk, intoxicated; (literary) in rut; of an elephant: in musth; (noun) drunkard”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to be wet; to become wet”).
genipap
Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese jenipapo, from Old Tupi îanypaba. The Tupi meaning of the word is variously given as yandi-pawa or yandi-pab (“fruit for painting”), yandi-ibá-pab (“fruit of the extremities for painting”), and without citation or explanation, “breast of an old woman”.
geniohyoid
Borrowed from New Latin genīohyoīdeus, clipping of musculus genīohyoīdeus; from Ancient Greek γένειον (géneion, “the chin”) + Latin hyoīdēs (“U-shaped”) + Latin -eus (adjectival suffix); equivalent to genio- (“relating to the chin”) + hyoid.
torit
From Middle English toritten, torytten, equivalent to to- + rit.
particularity
From Middle French particularité (“part of a whole; something particular, particularity”) (modern French particularité), and from its etymon Late Latin particularitas (“fact or quality of being particular; something particular, particularity”), from Latin particulāris (“particular; partial”) + -tās (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns indicating a state of being). Particulāris is derived from particula (“particle, small part”) (from pars (“a part, piece, portion, share”) (probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to provide, produce, beget”)) + -cula (diminutive suffix)) + -āris (suffix denoting a relationship, forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as particular + -ity (suffix forming nouns from adjectives, referring to the properties, qualities, or states of what is denoted by the adjectives).
amplificate
From Latin amplificatus, passive perfect participle of amplificō (“I enlarge, amplify”).
Aga
Various origins:
* Borrowed from Norwegian Aga, a habitational surname of uncertain derivation.
* Borrowed from Turkish Ağa, an occupational surname from ağa (“lord; chief, boss”).
* Borrowed from Amharic አጋ (ʾäga).
Genericized trademark of AGA AB. Unadapted borrowing from Swedish AGA; an abbreviation of Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator, meaning "The stock company Gas Accumulator".
fantastico
From Italian fantastico (“fantastic”), from Late Latin phantasticus (“imaginary”). Doublet of fantastic and fantastique.
competence
Borrowed from Middle French compétence, from Late Latin competentia. Doublet of competency.
anele
From Middle English anelen, anelien, from Middle English an- (“on”) + Middle English elen (“to anoint”), from Old English ēle (“oil”). Compare English anoil.
outstretch
From Middle English outstrecchen, equivalent to out- + stretch. Cognate with West Frisian útstreekje (“to outstretch”), Dutch uitstrekken (“to outstretch”), German Low German utstrecken (“to outstretch”), German ausstrecken (“to outstretch”), Danish udstrække (“to outstretch”), Swedish utsträcka (“to outstretch”).