MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
kafenio
From Greek καφενεῖον (kafeneíon), Greek καφενείο (kafeneío).
small seal script
Calque from Chinese 小篆 (xiǎozhuàn).
Hsiao-chuan
From the Wade-Giles romanization of the Mandarin Chinese 小篆 (xiǎozhuàn).
Lott
* As an English surname, from the noun lot.
* As a German surname, pet form of Ludwig.
Edelman
Borrowed from German Edelmann (“nobleman”). Doublet of Edelmann.
Killeen
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Cillín.
Gordias
Borrowed from Latin Gordiās, from Ancient Greek Γορδίας (Gordías).
Grigory
From Russian Григо́рий (Grigórij), from Byzantine Greek Γρηγόριος (Grēgórios). Doublet of Gregory.
Hus
* As a Polish, Czech, Slovak (Hús) and Jewish surname, from husa (“goose”). Compare Husa.
* As a Dutch surname, variant of Huss, also found in German, from the nouns huis or Haus, and derivatives of Proto-West Germanic *hugi (“spirit, mind”) (as in Hugh).
* As a Norwegian surname, from hus (“house”). This sense also entered French through Frankish *hūs.
Compare Paulhus.
Desiderius
Learned borrowing from Latin Dēsīderius (literally “the longed-for”).
Eugenius
Borrowed from Latin Eugenius, from Ancient Greek Εὐγένιος (Eugénios). Doublet of Eugene and Yevgeny.
Yevgeny
Borrowed from Russian Евге́ний (Jevgénij), from Ancient Greek Εὐγένιος (Eugénios). Doublet of Eugene and Eugenius.
futurama
A generalised application of Futurama, the name of an exhibit-cum-ride at the 1939–40 New York World’s Fair that presented a possible model of the world twenty years thence (1959–60). The name of the exhibit derives from the English word future and the suffix -rama, meaning "a wide view of", which ultimately comes from the Ancient Greek word ὅρᾱμᾰ (hórāmă, “a sight”, “a spectacle”, “a speculation”) — as in panorama or diorama.
panoramata
Like panorama, but rather from the English pan- + the Ancient Greek ὁρᾱ́μᾰτᾰ (horā́mătă), the nominative plural form of ὅρᾱμᾰ (hórāmă).
Yelizaveta
From Russian Елизаве́та (Jelizavéta). Doublet of Elizabeth.
Yefrem
Borrowed from Russian Ефре́м (Jefrém). Doublet of Ephraim.
Zakhar
Borrowed from Russian and Ukrainian Заха́р (Zaxár). Doublet of Zachary.
Zakhary
Borrowed from Russian Заха́рий (Zaxárij). Doublet of Zachary.
Zerubbabel
Borrowed from Hebrew זרובבל / זְרֻבָּבֶל (Zərubbāḇél).
Ignaty
Borrowed from Russian Игна́тий (Ignátij), from Latin Ignātius.
Ilya
From Russian Илья́ (Ilʹjá). Doublet of Elijah.
karpas
Borrowed from Hebrew כַּרְפַּס (karpás).
Rolla
Borrowed from Italian Rolla.
Borrowed from Norwegian Rolla.
Ely
Inherited from Middle English Ely, from Old English Ēlīġ, of uncertain origin.
mesohyl
From meso- (“middle”) + Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood, timber, matter”) (whence English hyle).
Koichi
Borrowed from Japanese こういち (Kōichi), a male given name with many variant kanji spellings.
Schaefer
From German Schaefer (“shepherd”), an occupational surname; from Middle High German schæfære, from late Old High German scāphare.
Keres
From Ancient Greek Κῆρες (Kêres, literally “Death Spirits, Doom, Heart”).
advergence
Coined by evolutionary biologists L. P. Brower and J. van Z. Brower in 1972 for the paper "Parallelism, convergence, divergence, and the new concept of advergence in the evolution of mimicry" on the pattern of convergence, substituting ad- for con- to emphasize the one-sidedness of the approach. Borrowed into linguistics by Peter Auer in 1998. By surface analysis, ad- + verge + -ence, from Latin vergere (“to turn, incline”), from Proto-Italic *wergō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wérg-e-ti, from *h₂werg- (“to turn”).
murshid
From Arabic مُرْشِد (muršid, “guide, teacher”).
Mundari
Borrowed from Mundari मुंडारी (muṇḍārī).
abakwetha
From Xhosa abakwetha, from aba- + kwetha (“initiate”).
pfalzgraf
Unadapted borrowing from German Pfalzgraf.
fieldwort
From Middle English feldewort, feldwurt, feltwyrt, from Old English feldwyrt (“fieldwort, gentian”), equivalent to field + wort.
salsa verde
Borrowed from Spanish salsa verde and Italian salsa verde, both meaning literally “green sauce”.
omohyoideus
Borrowing from New Latin ōmohȳoīdeus, ellipsis of mūsculus ōmohȳoīdeus (“omohyoid muscle”). Doublet of omohyoid. By surface analysis, omo- (“shoulder”) + hyoid + -eus.
opgaaf
From Afrikaans opgaaf, from Dutch opgaaf, variant of opgave.
Aldrich
From either Old English Ælfrīc (“elf-ruler”) or Æðelrīc (“noble ruler”).
Afrasiab
Borrowed from Classical Persian اَفْرَاسِیَاب (afrāsiyāb).
padayatra
From Sanskrit पदयात्रा (padayātrā, “foot journey”); first used by The Hindu the 1950s.
Panathenaic
From Ancient Greek Παναθηναϊκός (Panathēnaïkós). By surface analysis, Panathenaea + -ic.
Panathenaea
Learned borrowing from Latin Panathēnaea, and from its etymon Ancient Greek Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ (Pănăthḗnaiă), a noun use of the neuter plural of Παναθηναῖος (Panathēnaîos, “Panathenian”) (in Παναθήναια ἱερᾰ́ (Panathḗnaia hierắ, “Panathenian solemnities”)), from πᾰν- (păn-, prefix meaning ‘all; every’) + Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos, “of or relating to Athens, Athenian”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos) is derived from either Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, “Athens”) or Ᾰ̓θήνη (Ăthḗnē, “Athena, patron goddess of Athens”) + -ῐος (-ĭos, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).
palak
From Hindi पालक (pālak), from Sanskrit पालक्या (pālakyā).
qapik
From Azerbaijani qəpik. Doublet of kapeek, kopeika, kopek, and kopiyka.
Padaung
From Burmese ပဒေါင် (pa.daung).
Palouse
Uncertain. Borrowed from French, either from the Sahaptin name of the Palus people or a designation of the region as pelouse.
Iolanthe
From Koine Greek ἰόλη (iólē, “violet”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”). Cognate with French Yolande, Italian Iolanda, Spanish Yolanda.
Min Bei
Borrowed from Mandarin 閩北 /闽北 (Mǐn Běi).
charlatanerie
From French charlatanerie. Doublet of charlatanry.
Prokletije
Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Prokletije, Проклетије, from prȍklēt, про̏кле̄т (“accursed, bloody”) + -je, -је.
geshe
From Tibetan དགེ་བཤེས (dge bshes).
peace be upon him
Calque of Arabic عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu, “peace be upon him”)
Ytterby
Borrowed from Swedish Ytterby. Doublet of Utterby.
Seal of the Prophets
Calque of Arabic خَاتَم النَّبِيِّينَ (ḵātam an-nabiyyīna), referring to the Prophet Muhammad being the last of all the prophets sent by God in Islam.
isogoria
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἰσηγορία (isēgoría).
Water Banquet
Calque of Mandarin 水席 (shuǐxí).
Anbar
From Arabic اَلْأَنْبَار (al-ʔanbār), from Middle Persian [Term?]. See Persian انبار (anbâr) for more. Doublet of sambar.
ghair muqallid
Borrowed from Arabic غَيْر مُقَلِّد (ḡayr muqallid).
abhyanga
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अभ्यङ्ग (abhyaṅga).
ballotini
From Italian ballotini plural of ballotino.
From Italian [Term?].
Mutsu
From Japanese 陸奥 (Mutsu, “Mutsu Province”), an old province of Japan, where the cultivar was first grown.
prajnaparamita
Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रज्ञापारमिता (prajñāpāramitā).
prajna
From Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā).
Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā).
avania
Borrowed from Italian avania, from Byzantine Greek ἀβανία (abanía, cfr. modern Greek αβανιά (avaniá) “defamation, slander”), possibly from Arabic خَوَّان (ḵawwān, “unreliable, treacherous”).
Soochow
From the Postal Romanization of Mandarin 蘇州 /苏州 (Sūzhōu).
Spring and Autumn
Calque from Chinese 春秋 (Chūnqiū), the attributive sense of 春秋時代 /春秋时代 (Chūn–Qiū Shídài, “Spring and Autumn period”), derived from the name of its seminal history, the Confucian classic Spring and Autumn Annals. The title of the work reflected a common Chinese metonym, using "spring and autumn" to refer to the year as a whole.
Chunqiu
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 春秋 (Chūnqiū).
Ch'un-ch'iu
The Wade-Giles romanization of the Mandarin 春秋 (Chūnqiū) Wade–Giles romanization: Chʻun¹-chʻiu¹.
Chun-chiu
An irregular form of the Wade-Giles romanization of the Mandarin 春秋 (Chūnqiū) without spiritus asper apostrophes.
Chunchiu
An irregular form of the Wade-Giles romanization of the Mandarin Chinese 春秋 (Chūnqiū) without the necessary apostrophes or usual hyphens.
Earnshaw
Habitational surname from a place in Lancashire, from Old English earn (“eagle”) + healh (“nook, angle, recess”). Equivalent to erne + haugh.
shintai
Borrowed from Japanese 神体(しんたい) (shintai).
Gusu
From the pinyin romanization of Mandarin Chinese 姑蘇 /姑苏 (Gūsū).
Aachener
Borrowed from German Aachener, equal to Aachen + -er.
Rovaniemi
From Finnish Rovaniemi (literally “cape of forested eskers”).
medicine woman
Probably a calque of Ojibwe mashkikiiwininiikwe (“female doctor”), from mashkiki (“medicine”) + inini (“man”) + ikwe (“woman”).
Chorokhi
From Georgian ჭოროხი (č̣oroxi).
Chloris
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χλωρίς (Khlōrís, literally “Greenfinch”), from χλωρός (khlōrós, “greenish-yellow, pale green”).
Karpos
From Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, literally “Fruit”).
Hamirpur
Borrowed from Hindi हमीरपुर (hamīrpur).
Word of God
From Middle English worde of god, wurde of god, variant of Middle English godes word, Godes word (“Word of God”, literally “God's word”), from Old English Godes word (“Word of God”). Compare West Frisian Wurd fan God, Dutch Woord van God.
agiary
Borrowed from Gujarati અગિયારી (agiyārī).
odyle
From od + Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē, “wood; material, matter, substance”).
Karlsruhe
From German Karl + Ruhe ("rest"), after Charles III William of Baden-Durlach.
Ceresian
From Latin Ceresius (as in Ceresius lacus, Lake Lugano), from Cerēs. Often a nonce coinage for Cererian (vd. 1866).
Gaddafi
From Libyan Arabic قدافي (gaddāfi, gaḏḏāfi), from Arabic قَذَّافِيّ (qaḏḏāfiyy), an occupational term from قَذَّاف (qaḏḏāf, “hurler, flinger; catapult, mangonel, ballista”).
Muammar
From Arabic مُعَمَّر (muʕammar).
payasam
Ultimately from Sanskrit पायस (pāyasa) via Malayalam പായസം (pāyasaṁ), Telugu పాయసం (pāyasaṁ), Tamil பாயசம் (pāyacam).
roti canai
Unadapted borrowing from Malay roti canai.
Pokanoket
From Massachusett Pauquunaukit, from pokhi (“clear”) + wunok (“land”) + -ut (“locative suffix”).
spiedie
From Italian spiedo (“spit (skewer)”) or spiedini (“cubes or balls of meat cooked on a skewer”).
chemin de ronde
Borrowed from French chemin de ronde, literally "watch path/way".
pu-erh
Shortened from pu-erh tea, from the Wade–Giles romanization (properly p‘u-êrh) of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 普洱茶 (pǔ'ěrchá).
Pu'er
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 普洱 (Pǔ'ěr). As the tea, shortened from Pu'er tea.
Shortened from pu'er tea, from the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 普洱茶 (pǔ'ěrchá).
Shilha
From Moroccan Arabic شلحة (šilḥa).
Ludwigsburg
Borrowed from German Ludwigsburg, named for Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg.
Farewell Sermon
Calque of Arabic خُطْبَة الْوَدَاع (ḵuṭba(t) al-wadāʕ)
Moder
Various origins:
* Borrowed from German Moder, from a Proto-Germanic personal name composed of the elements *mōdaz (“boldness, courage”) + *harjaz (“army”).
* Borrowed from Slovak Móder, an occupational surname from Middle High German mader (“reaper”).
* Borrowed from Polish Moder, from Middle Low German mōder (“mother, womb; mare”).
* Borrowed from Slovene Moder, a nickname for a wise man, from moder (“wise, prudent”).
* Borrowed from Swedish Modér, an ornamental surname whose first element is from mo (“sandy heath”).
salaam alaikum
Borrowed from Arabic السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ (as-salāmu ʕalaykum, “peace be upon you”). Doublet of shalom aleichem.
carcinization
From Ancient Greek καρκῐ́νος (karkĭ́nos, “crab”) + English -ization (suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing or making something), coined by British zoologist Lancelot Alexander Borradaile (1872–1945) in a 1916 report: see the quotation.
Toadlena
Borrowed from Navajo Tóháálį́, from tó (“water”) + háálį́ (“it flows up and out”).
Tann
From the German surname, from a rare literary word meaning "forest" (see below).
People of the Book
Calque of Arabic أَهْل الْكِتَاب (ʔahl al-kitāb).
Ahle Kitab
From Classical Persian اهل کتاب (ahl-i kitāb), possibly via Urdu, from Arabic أَهْل الْكِتَاب (ʔahl al-kitāb).
sovok
Unadapted borrowing from Russian сово́к (sovók, “scoop, dustpan”), which starts similarly to сове́т (sovét, “Soviet”) or сове́тский (sovétskij, “Soviet”, adjective).
wych
Derived from Old English wic, whence English -wich (“brine spring; well”).
cosie
From Scots, from Old Scots colsie, probably of North Germanic origin, such as Norwegian kose seg (“to have a cozy time”), from Old Norse kose sig, from koselig, koslig, perhaps ultimately from Old High German kōsa; see modern German kosen (“to cuddle”). See also English cosy.
rousong
From Mandarin 肉鬆／肉松 (ròusōng).
loranthaceous
From translingual Loranthaceae + -ous, from Loranthus, from Ancient Greek λῶρος (lôros, “thong”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).
po'ouli
From Hawaiian poʻo-uli (literally “black-head”).
Popovtsy
Borrowed from Russian поповцы (popovcy, “the priested ones”), the followers of the Popovshchina movement.
dawn prayer
Calque of Arabic صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ (ṣalātu l-fajri)
pativrata
Borrowed from Hindi पतिव्रता (pativratā).
pathshala
Borrowed from Hindi पाठशाला (pāṭhśālā, “school”).
particeps criminis
From Latin particeps + crīminis, literally “participant in the crime”.
mero motu
From post-classical Latin motu mero (with transposition of elements), ablative of motus merus (“free impulse, volition”), from classical Latin mōtus (“motion, movement”).
climacophobia
From Ancient Greek κλῖμαξ (klîmax, “ladder, staircase”) + New Latin -phobia, from Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).
handi
From Hindustani ہانڈی / हांडी (hāṇḍī).
wind horse
Calque of Tibetan རླུང་རྟ (rlung rta).
BASF
Borrowed from German BASF (“Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik”).
fasiq
Unadapted borrowing from Arabic فَاسِق (fāsiq), from فِسْق (fisq).
munafiq
Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مُنَافِق (munāfiq)
sindoor
From Sanskrit सिन्दूर (sindūra, “red lead”).
Tiele
Borrowed from Mandarin 鐵勒／铁勒 (Tiělè).
zuihitsu
From Japanese 随筆 (ずいひつ, zuihitsu, “essay”).
Spokane
A number of etymologies of the name have been proposed, most frequently “Sun children”, “children of the Sun”, or “muddy people”. According to Barry Pritzker (2011), these interpretations are most probably popular etymologies derived from an actual self-designation of Spokane Spoqe'ind (“round head”).
Dortmunder
Borrowed from German, or from Dortmund + -er.
Tuyuhun
From Chinese 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún).
icterus neonatorum
Learned borrowing from Latin icterus neonatorum (literally “icterus of newborns”).
Stolichnaya
A brand name, from Russian Столи́чная (Stolíčnaja).
hijabi
Borrowed from Hausa hijabi, from Arabic حِجَاب (ḥijāb).
mu'min
Borrowed from Arabic مُؤْمِن (muʔmin)
serekh
Learned borrowing from Egyptian s-r:x-O33 (srḫ, “palace façade”).
iqama
Borrowed from Arabic إِقَامَة (ʔiqāma).
Zahiri
Borrowed from Arabic ظَاهِرِيّ (ẓāhiriyy).
jebena
Borrowed from Amharic ጀበና (ǧäbäna).
Placentia
The town in Newfoundland is likely named after the Basque town of Placencia.
Burgeo
A corruption of Portuguese Mill Virgines (“thousand virgins”), a toponym originally applied to the Burgeo Islands.
Pancasila
From Malay Pancasila, in turn from Sanskrit पञ्चशील (pañcaśīla). Doublet of Panchsheel.
goombay
From a Caribbean dialect such as Bahamian Creole; compare Kongo nkombi, a type of drum.
mutawatir
Borrowed from Arabic مُتَواتِر (mutawātir, “successive”).
kshetra
Borrowed from Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “field, area, tract of land”).
uretero-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers-der.
Ancient Greek οὐρέω (ouréō)
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Ancient Greek -τήρ (-tḗr)
Ancient Greek οὐρητήρ (ourētḗr)der.
New Latinder.
English uretero-
From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek οὐρητήρ (ourētḗr). By surface analysis, ureter + -o-.
appertisation
Borrowed from French appertisation, after Nicolas Appert, the inventor.
Tsolak
From Armenian Ցոլակ (Cʻolak).
Black Ditch
A calque of Hokkien 烏水溝 /乌水沟 (O͘-chúi-kau, literally “black ditch”).
techne
From Ancient Greek τέχνη (tékhnē, “craft, art”).
Morell
* As an English surname, from the personal name Morel, a diminutive of Middle English and Old French more (“dark”), from Latin Maurus. Compare Moore.
* As a French surname, Americanized from Morel. Also compare Morell.
* The placename is named after Jean Francois Morel, a French settler from Saint-Malo who arrived near the current settlement around 1720.
Amarone
First attested in the 1950s–60s; from Italian amarone, augmentative form of amaro (“bitter”), a likely calque of Venetan amaron.
Minto
Refers to the Minto Hills near the Scottish village. A pleonastic compound of Cumbric *mïnïδ (“mountain”), from Proto-Brythonic *mönɨð, from Proto-Celtic *moniyos, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to tower, stand out”), and Old English hōh (“hill spur, promontory”), from Proto-Germanic *hanhaz (“heel”), from Proto-Indo-European *kenk-, *kemǝk- (“joint, legbone”). The latter element was added after the meaning of the former had become obscure. Recorded as Munethov in 1166 and Mynetowe in 1296.
From Lower Tanana Menhti (“among the lakes”).
Kapist
Borrowed from Polish kapista, from KP, the Polish acronym for Paris Committee.
murnong
From Wathaurong mirnang, Woiwurrung myrnong.
banchan
Borrowed from Korean 반찬(飯饌) (banchan).
jjigae
Borrowed from Korean 찌개 (jjigae), from 찌- (jji-, “to steam”) + -개 (-gae, suffix denoting something small associated with an action).
Huron
From French Huron; Uncertain; possibly from French hure (“boar’s head”) or from a Wyandot word containing the Iroquoian root ronon (“nation”), from Proto-North Iroquoian *-ɹonõʔ.
malatang
From Mandarin 麻辣燙／麻辣烫 (málàtàng).
norimono
From Japanese 乗り物 (のりもの, norimono, "thing for riding").
Pazend
From Zoroastrian Middle Persian pʾcnd (pāzand), from Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (paⁱti zainti, “according to understanding”); see Zend for more.
minakari
From Urdu میناکاری (menākārī), from Persian [Term?].
muqallid
From Arabic مُقَلِّد (muqallid).
arthron
Derived from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́ρθρον (ắrthron, “articulation, joint”). Compare New Latin articulus and New Latin arthrītis.
shahanshah
Borrowed from Classical Persian شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠𐭭 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾn mlkʾ /⁠šāhān šāh⁠/, “king of kings”), which see for more.
Ubykhia
Borrowed from Russian Убыхия (Ubyxija).
daifuku
Borrowed from Japanese 大福 (daifuku, “very filling”).
dwarf standing on the shoulders of giants
Calque of Latin nani, gigantum humeris insidentes.
papirosa
Borrowed from Russian папиро́са (papirósa), from Polish papieros (“cigarette”), from papier (“paper”) with the ending added from Spanish cigarros and the stem being from German Papier, from Late Middle High German papier, from Latin papȳrus, papȳrum, from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros, “papyrus”), supposedly of Egyptian origin.
pallu
Borrowed from Hindi पल्लू (pallū), from पल्ला (pallā, “side”), from Sanskrit पल्ल (palla). Compare with palla.
Tamil பள்ளு (paḷḷu)
blaasop
Borrowed from Afrikaans blaasop (“blowfish”), ultimately from Dutch blaas op (“blow up”).
scrab
From Middle French and Old French schrabben (“to scrape, scratch”), from Frankish *skaban, from Proto-Germanic *skabaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to scratch”); compare Old High German skaban, Irish scríobann and sgrìoban.
From Middle English scrabbe, variant of crabbe (“crabapple”); ultimately of Germanic origin, plausibly from North Germanic, cognate with Swedish dialect scrabba, krabbäpple.
Alborz
From Persian البرز (alborz); see that entry for more. Doublet of Elbrus.
Farthest Mosque
Calque of Arabic الْمَسْجِد الْأَقْصَى (al-masjid al-ʔaqṣā)
balut
Borrowed from Malay balut and Tagalog balut.
From Cebuano balut. Credited to Edgar Woolbright.
Fatiha
From Arabic ٱلۡفَاتِحَةِ (l-fātiḥati, “The Opening”).
sumon
From Russian сумон (sumon), from Tuvan сумон (sumon), from Mongolian ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu), a calque of Manchu ᠨᡳᡵᡠ (niru, “a large arrow, militia company, district”). Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *sumun (“arrow”).
peled
Ultimately from Russian пе́лядь (péljadʹ), either directly or via its scientific name.
felsenmeer
Borrowed from German Felsenmeer, literally "sea of rock".
furisode
From Japanese 振袖 (ふりそで, furisode).
Hamad
Borrowed from Arabic حَمَد (ḥamad), from حَمِدَ (ḥamida, “praise”).
steato-
From στέατος (stéatos), the genitive singular of Ancient Greek στέαρ (stéar, “hard fat, suet”).
Erzgebirgskreis
Borrowed from German Erzgebirgskreis.
Afrasian
Blend of Afro- (prefix meaning ‘Africa’) + Asian, possibly a calque of Russian афрази́йский (afrazíjskij, “of, pertaining to, or being a language family spoken in northern Africa and southwest Asia”).
Thun
From Medieval Latin Tuno, from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“fortified town”), named before it fell to Rome.
Fallon
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó Fallamhain (“descendant of Fallamhan”), a personal name related to follúnaitheoir (“ruler, governor”).
Ust-Abakanskoye
From Russian Усть-Абаканское (Ustʹ-Abakanskoje).
Abbay
From Amharic ዐባይ (ʿabbay).
Abastumani
Borrowed from Georgian აბასთუმანი (abastumani).
gallu
Learned borrowing from Akkadian 𒋼𒇲 (gallûm, “gallu”).
Abqaiq
Borrowed from Arabic بِقَيْق (biqayq).
urban-type settlement
Calque of Russian посёлок городско́го ти́па (posjólok gorodskóvo típa).
Transbaikal
From trans + Baikal. Calque of Russian Забайка́лье (Zabajkálʹje, literally “beyond the Baikal”).
totara
Borrowed from Māori tōtara, from Proto-Polynesian *tara (“barb, prong”), from Proto-Oceanic *tala, referring to its mature leaves which resemble spines of the spot-fin porcupinefish (Diodon hystrix).
Barrington
* As an English surname, from several placenames, such as the one in Gloucestershire, from the Old English personal name Beorn + -ing (“belonging to”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”). There is also the placename in Somerset of Norman origin, probably named after Barentin in Seine-Maritime, from Medieval Latin Barentinum, Barentini, of pre-Latin origin, perhaps of Celtic/Gaulish origin and identical with Barenton, both names from a Gaulish word related to water.
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Bearáin (literally “descendant of Bearán”), see Barnes, Barron.
lagopode
From Latin lagōpūs, from λαγώπους (lagṓpous), from λαγώς (lagṓs, “hare”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).
shinju
Borrowed from Japanese 真珠, literally "pearl".
Borrowed from Japanese 心中.
Romas
Various origins:
* Borrowed from Ukrainian Ромась (Romasʹ).
* Borrowed from Greek Ρώμας (Rómas).
* Borrowed from Catalan Romàs.
Mordor
From Mordor, a bleak realm ruled by the dark lord Sauron, in J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional Middle-earth. Tolkien created the name in his constructed language Sindarin, from morn (“dark, black”) and dôr (“land”). Compare with Old English morþor (“murder”), murder, Greek μαυρός (mavrós, “dim”) and Latin mors (“death”). Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ukrainian Мо́рдор (Mórdor) or Russian Мо́рдор (Mórdor), both of those from the English word, alluding to it being the land of orcs.
Nazgul
From nazgûl (“ringwraith”) in J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional language Black Speech, a compound of nazg (“ring”) and gûl (“wraith; evil spirit”). Tolkien thought it “probable” that the former term nazg was “actually derived from” Irish nasc (“link, bond”), though not borrowed consciously. For the latter term gûl compare ghoul.
Gandalfesque
Gandalf + -esque, with the name having been taken by J. R. R. Tolkien from the Old Norse Gandálfr, from gandr (“magic staff”) + alfr (“elf”).
orthogonium
From Ancient Greek ὀρθογώνιος (orthogṓnios, “right-angled”).
Sauron
From the Quenya name of the dark lord Sauron in the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, whose name Tolkien created in his constructed language Quenya, from saura (“foul, putrid”).
somewhiles
From Middle English somwhiles, somwhyles, equivalent to somewhile + -s (adverbial suffix).
gobony
From gobbon (“piece, portion, slice”) + -y, from Old French gobon, gobet (“piece”). Cognate with English gubbins (“assorted stuff”).
Gryffindor
Coined by British author and philanthropist J. K. Rowling, presumably from griffin and a compound of the French d'or.
Barke
From Ancient Greek Βάρκη (Bárkē), from the local tribe of the Barraci.
baji
From Newar बजि (baji).
Borrowed from Urdu باجی (bājī), from Classical Persian باجی (bāji), from Ottoman Turkish باجی (bacı), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bāča.
Noble Sanctuary
Calque of Arabic الْحَرَم الشَرِيف (al-ḥaram aš-šarīf)