MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
courier
From a convergence of Middle English corour, currour, from Old French coreor, agent noun of corir (“to run”), and Middle English courier, a borrowing of Middle French courrier, from Italian corriere.
Baraka
Borrowed from Arabic بَرَكَة (baraka, “blessing”).
Esther
From Ancient Greek Ἐσθήρ (Esthḗr), from Biblical Hebrew אֶסְתֵּר (ʾestēr). Has been connected to Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎼 (a-s-t-r /⁠star-⁠/, “star”) (whence Middle Persian 𐭮𐭲𐭫 (stl /⁠star⁠/, “star”), 𐭮𐭲𐭠𐭫𐭪 (stʾlk /⁠stārag⁠/, “star”), Persian ستاره (sitāra /setâre, “star”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (if so, a distant doublet of star); or else to Akkadian 𒀭𒈹 (Ištar, “Ishtar”) (Hebrew עִשְׁתָּר (ʿištār)).
subscription
From Latin subscriptiō; by surface analysis, sub- + script + -ion. All senses reflect (either literally or figuratively) the notion of signing one's own name beneath some promise or description to indicate that one agrees with it or agrees to it.
horticulture
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-
Proto-Indo-European *gʰórtos
Proto-Italic *hortos
Latin hortus
Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷélh₁-e-ti
Proto-Italic *kʷelō
Latin colō
Proto-Indo-European *-tew-?
Proto-Indo-European *-r-eh₂?
Latin -tūra
Latin cultūrader.
Middle French cultureder.
English culture
English horticulture
17th century, from the Latin word hortus (“garden”) + culture (on the model of agriculture). By surface analysis, horti- + cult + -ure.
glasshouse
From Middle English glasehows, glashous, glashows; equivalent to glass + house.
exfoliate
From Late Latin exfoliō (“to strip of leaves”), from ex- (“out of”) + folium (“leaf”); compare effoliate and French exfolier.
clavichord
From German Klavichord, from Renaissance Latin clavichordium, from clāvis (“key”) + chorda (“cord, string”).
corolla
From Latin corōlla (“small garland, chaplet or wreath”), diminutive of corōna (“garland, chaplet, wreath”).
tepal
From French tépale, from New Latin tēpalum, coined 1827 by transposition of French pétale (“petal”).
abastardize
From Middle French abastardir, from Old French a- + bastart (“bastard”).
protectionism
Borrowed from French protectionnisme, equivalent to protection + -ism.
God Almighty
A calque of Hebrew אֵל שַׁדַּי (ʼĒl Shaddạy, “God Almighty”). See also god and almighty.
epoche
Borrowed from Latin epocha or German Epoche, from Ancient Greek ἐποχή (epokhḗ). Doublet of epoch.
This term was introduced by Husserl and other phenomenologists, although it also seems to be present in Aristotelian philosophy (as the concept did originate with Aristotle).
haulier
From Middle English halyer, haliere, halere, equivalent to haul + -ier.
abscise
From Latin abscīsus, perfect passive participle of abscīdō (“cut off”); formed from abs- + caedō (“cut”).
envisage
From French envisager, from en (“in”) + visage (“visage”); equivalent to en- + visage.
pincers
From Middle English pynsours, from Old French pinceure, pinchure, from pincier (“to pinch”).
tragedian
From Middle English tragedyen, from Old French tragediane (French tragédien), equivalent to tragedy + -ian.
comedienne
Borrowed from French comédienne, equivalent to comedy + -ienne. Compare doyenne.
poncho
Borrowed from Spanish poncho, from Quechua punchu. In sense “rubber rain poncho”, attested 1845, used for non-South American garments in the United States and England from 1850s, popularized by US Western expeditions and military from 1850s, particularly after World War II (1940s).
psaltery
A learned alteration of Middle English sauterie, sautrie (rarely psautry), from Old French psalterie, from Latin psaltērium, from Ancient Greek ψαλτήριον (psaltḗrion, “stringed instrument, psaltery, harp”), from ψάλλω (psállō, “to touch sharply, to pluck, to pull, to twitch” and in the case of the strings of musical instruments, “to play a stringed instrument with the fingers, and not with the plectron”). Doublet of psalter, psalterion, and psalterium. Cognate of psalm and psalmody.
toxicology
Etymology tree
French toxicologieder.
English toxicology
From French toxicologie, equivalent to toxico- + -logy.
traction
From Medieval Latin tractio, from Latin tractus, perfect passive participle of verb trahere (“pull”), + noun of action suffix -io (genitive -ionis).
punctum
From Latin pūnctum. Doublet of point, pointe, ponto, puncto, punt, and punto.
journeyman
From Middle English jorneman; from journe (from Old French jornee (“a day's work, a journey”)) and mon; equivalent to journey + -man.
pulsate
Perhaps formed within English as a back-formation from pulsation (attested from the early 15th century, in Middle English). A figurative derivation from New Latin pulsō, pulsātum (“(of an organ) to pulse, to emit a pulse”, intransitive) is also possible, itself a back-formation of New Latin pulsātiō (“pulsation”, 14th century), or derived from classical Latin pulsō (“to strike repeatedly”, transitive) with semantic influence from classical pulsus (“a pulse”). Ultimately from Latin pellō (“to strike”). By surface analysis, pulse + -ate (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of push.
Varangian
Ultimately from Byzantine Greek Βάραγγος (Bárangos), from Medieval Latin Varingus, from Old Norse væringi, from várr (“pledge”) or værr (“pledge”), which is cognate with Old English wǣr (“fidelity, loyalty”), + Old Norse gangi (“companion”). Cognate with Old English wærgenga.
prosody
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *-ti
?
Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti
Ancient Greek πρός (prós)
Proto-Hellenic *awéidō
Proto-Hellenic *-ā́
Proto-Hellenic *awoidā́
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓οιδή (ăoidḗ)
Ancient Greek ᾠδή (ōidḗ)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Proto-Hellenic *-íā
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (prosōidĭ́ā)bor.
Latin prosōdiabor.
Middle French prosodieder.
English prosody
From Middle French prosodie, from Latin prosōdia, from Ancient Greek προσῳδία (prosōidía, “song sung to music; pronunciation of syllable”), from πρός (prós, “to”) + ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”).
knobkierie
Borrowed from Afrikaans knopkierie, from knop (“knob”) + kierie (“stick”).
frump
Probably a contraction of late Middle English frumpylle (“wrinkle”), from Middle Dutch verrompelen, originally equivalent to for- + rump + -le.
raiment
Aphetized from Middle English arayment, borrowed from Anglo-Norman arraiement and Old French areement, from areer (“to array”). See array.
debit
Borrowed from Middle French debet, from Latin debitum (“what is owed, a debt”), neuter of debitus, past participle of debere (“to owe”); Doublet of debt.
slant
Late Middle English, from a variant of the earlier form dialectal slent, from Old Norse or another North Germanic source, cognate with Old Norse slent, Swedish slinta (“to slip”), Norwegian slenta (“to fall on the side”), from Proto-Germanic *slintaną. Probably influenced by aslant.
bewitch
From Middle English bewicchen, bewycchen, biwicchen, equivalent to be- + witch.
engram
Borrowed from German Engramm which was coined by German evolutionary biologist Richard Semon in 1904. First attested in English in 1921 (see quotation below). Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἐν (en, “in”) + γράμμα (grámma, “writing, picture”).
carrus
Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin carrus (“load”). Doublet of car and horse.
Ingram
From a Middle English given name, from Proto-Germanic *Ingwaz (“a Germanic god”) + *hrabnaz (“raven”). The places are named after persons with the surname.
advoke
Borrowed from Latin advocare, formed from ad + vocare (“to call”). Doublet of advocate, avouch, and avow.
scrump
From a dialectal variation of scrimp, probably from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German schrimpen (“to shrivel up, shrink”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skrimpaną, *skrimbaną (“to shrink”), related to Old English sċrimman (“to shrink, draw up, contract”). Related to dialectal English skrammed (“benumbed, paralysed”), English shrimp.
foreman
From Middle English foremon, forman. Compare West Frisian foarman, Dutch voorman, German Vormann, Danish formand, Swedish förman, Icelandic formaður. By surface analysis, fore- + man.
flagon
From Middle English flagon, flakon [and other forms], from Middle French flacon, Old French flacon, flascon (“flask”) (modern French flacon (“vial”)), from Medieval Latin flascōnem, the accusative singular of Late Latin flascō (“bottle; glass or earthenware vessel for wine; portable barrel”), from Frankish *flaska (“bottle; flask”), from Proto-Germanic *flaskǭ (“bottle; flask; vessel covered with plaiting”), from Proto-Germanic *flehtaną (“to braid, plait”) (from the practice of plaiting or wrapping bottles in straw casing), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold; to plait, weave”). The English word is a doublet of flacon, flask, and fiasco.
Cognates
* Old English flasce, flaxe (“bottle, flask”)
* Old High German flasca, flaska (“bottle, flask”) (German Flasche)
* Old Norse flaska (Danish flaske)
Hellenic
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἑλληνικός (Hellēnikós, “of or pertaining to Greece or Greeks”), from Ancient Greek Ἑλλάς (Hellás, “Greece”). By surface analysis, Hellen + -ic. First attested in c. 1640.
Gallic
From Latin Gallicus (“of or related to Gaul”), from Gallia (“Gaul”) + -icus (“-ic: forming adj.”), used archaically in New Latin and English in reference to modern France.
From Latin Gallicus (“of or related to Gaul”), also used archaically in New Latin and English in reference to France.
Hottentot
Borrowed from Dutch Hottentot, its first known use in Dutch being in the 1650s. The third edition of the Oxford English Dictionary concluded in 2008 that hottentot came into English in the seventeenth century. But it finds that no definitive etymology of Dutch hottentot can so far be given:
A very large number of different etymologies for the name have been suggested ... The most frequently repeated suggestion ... is that the word was a spec. use of a formally identical Dutch word meaning ‘stammerer, stutterer’, which came to be applied to the Khoekhoe and San people on account of the clicks characteristic of their languages. However, evidence for the earlier general use appears to be lacking. Another frequent suggestion is that the people were so named after one or more words which early European visitors to southern Africa heard in chants accompanying dances of the Khoekhoe or San ... but the alleged chant is rendered in different ways in different 17th-cent. sources, and some of the accounts may be based on hearsay rather than first-hand knowledge.
It does seem clear, however, that hottentot was an exonym, that is, not the Khoikhoi's own name for themselves but rather a foreign term applied to them.
ake
From Middle English aken, from Old English acan (“to ache”), from Proto-West Germanic *akan, from Proto-Germanic *akaną (“to ache”). More at ache.
Borrowed from Māori ake.
infiltrate
From Middle English infiltrate (adjective), from Medieval Latin infiltrātus, from infiltrō.
salon
Borrowed from French salon (“reception room”), from Middle French, from Italian salone (“large hall”), augmented form of sala (“hall”), from Lombardic sala (“room, house, entrance hall”), from Proto-Germanic *salą (“dwelling, house, hall”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). Cognate with Old High German sal (“room, house, entrance hall”), Old English sæl (“room, hall, castle”), Old Church Slavonic село (selo, “courtyard, village”), Lithuanian sala (“island”). Doublet of saloon.
incarnate
First attested in 1395, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English incarnat(e) (“(of God or Christ) embodied in human form or flesh, incarnate; provided with new tissues, healed; (with devel, in curses) bloody”), borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin incarnātus, perfect passive participle of incarnor (“to be made flesh, become incarnate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from in- + Latin carō (“flesh”, carn- in its oblique stem) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). By surface analysis, in- + Latin carn- + -ate.
First attested in 1533; borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin incarnātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.
chowder
Probably borrowed from French chaudière, from Late Latin caldāria (“cooking-pot”), derived from Latin caldus (“hot”). Related to English cauldron.
Possibly from older English jowter (“fish monger”).
montane
The adjective is derived from Latin montānus (“of or pertaining to a mountain”). Synchronically, it can be seen to have the suffix English -ane (variant of -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives)). Montānus is derived from mōns (“mount, mountain”) (from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to stand out, to tower”)) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).
The noun is probably derived from the adjective.
crosstalk
From cross- + talk.
Usage in reference to the Chinese comedic performance is probably a loose calque from Chinese 相聲／相声 (xiàngsheng).
co-opt
From Latin cooptō (“to choose, elect”), from co(m)- + optō (“to opt”).
accoll
From Middle English acolen, from Old French acoler (whence modern French accoler), from Latin ad- + collum (“neck”).
shadowy
From Middle English schadwy, schadowy, equivalent to shadow + -y.
lethologica
From Ancient Greek λήθη (lḗthē, “forgetfulness”) + λόγος (lógos, “word”), early 20th c. Popularly attributed to Carl Jung.
motivation
Etymology tree
Anglo-Norman motifder.
Middle French motifder.
Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *moweō
Late Latin moveō
Late Latin mōtus
Proto-Indo-European *-wós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.
Late Latin -īvus
Late Latin mōtīvumder.
Middle English motif
English motive
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Latin -ātiōlbor.
Old French -ationbor.
Middle English -acioun
English -ation
English motivation
From motive (verb) + -ation, probably after French motivation and German Motivation.
imitator
From French imitateur, derived from Latin imitātor, equivalent to imitate + -or.
differently
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is-
Proto-Italic *dis-
Latin dis-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti
Proto-Italic *ferō
Latin ferō
Latin differō
Latin differēnsder.
Old French differentbor.
Middle English different
Proto-Indo-European *leyg-
Proto-Germanic *līkąder.
Proto-Germanic *-līkaz
Proto-Germanic *-ê
Proto-Germanic *-līkê
Old English -līċe
Middle English -ly
Middle English differently
English differently
From Middle English differently; equivalent to different + -ly.
Jude
Short form of Judas, used in an attempt to distinguish the Apostle Judas Thaddaeus from Judas Iscariot. From Old Testament Judah, Hebrew יְהוּדָה (yehudá), said to mean “praised”.
Mehmet
From Ottoman Turkish محمد (Mehmed, Mehmet), from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad). Doublet of Muhammad, Mahomet, and Baphomet.
inaugurate
Either:
* borrowed from French inaugurer (“to inaugurate”), from Latin inaugurō (“to take omens from the flight of birds, to divine, practise augury; to approve, consecrate, or inaugurate on the basis of omens; to install”) with common assimilation of French -er with English -ate (verb-forming suffix)
* or a Learned borrowing from Latin inaugurātus, perfect passive participle of inaugurō, see etymology at -ate;
Further from in- (“against; into; on, upon; to, towards”) + augurō (“to act as an augur, interpret omens, augur; to foretell, predict; to conjecture, guess”), from augur (“soothsayer, augur”) + -ō (first conjugation verb-forming suffix) (further etymology uncertain; see the entry).
Borrowed from Latin inaugurātus (“having been taken as an omen, divined; having been approved, consecrated, or inaugurated on the basis of omens; installed, having been installed”) (the perfect passive participle of inaugurō (verb): see etymology 1). See -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
Enos
From Hebrew אֱנוֹשׁ (enósh, “mortal man”).
high school
Inherited from Middle English hyȝ scole (“school for higher education”), equivalent to high + school. Cognate with Dutch hogeschool (“academy, university, graduate school”), German Hochschule (“academy, college, university”).
sublunary
PIE word
 *upó
The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin sublūnāris (“sublunar, sublunary”) + English -ary (suffix meaning of or pertaining to forming adjectives). Sublūnāris is derived from Latin sub- (prefix meaning ‘below, beneath, under’) + lūnāris (“of or pertaining to the moon, lunar”) (from lūna (“moon”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”)) + -āris (suffix forming adjectives denoting a pertaining to or relationship)). By surface analysis, sub- + lunary.
The noun is derived from the adjective.
brock
From Middle English brok, from Old English broc (“badger”), related to Danish brok (“badger”); both probably originally from a Celtic source akin to Irish broc, Welsh broch, Cornish brogh and thus ultimately from Proto-Celtic *brokkos.
inshallah
Borrowed from Arabic إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَٰه (ʔin šāʔa llāh, literally “if God has willed [it]”).
panther
From Middle English pantere, panter, from Old French pantere, from Latin panthēra, from Ancient Greek πάνθηρ (pánthēr, “panther”).
transfrete
From Middle English [Term?], ultimately from Latin transfreto (“cross a strait or sea”), from trans (“across”) + fretum or fretus (“strait, channel”).
transfretation
From Latin trānsfretātiō, from Latin trāns (“across”) + fretum or fretus (“strait, channel”) + -ātiō.
Sherman
Sense 1: From Middle English schereman, scherman; equivalent to shear + -man.
devious
1590s, "out of the common or direct way," from Latin devius (“out of the way, remote, off the main road”), from de via, from de (“off”) (see de-) + via (“way, road”). Compare deviate. Originally in the Latin literal sense; the figurative sense of "deceitful" is first recorded 1630s. Related to deviously, deviousness. Figurative senses of the Latin word were "retired, sequestered, wandering in the byways, foolish, inconsistent."
detestable
From Middle French détestable. By surface analysis, detest + -able.
coolness
From Middle English colnes, colnesse, from Old English cōlnes, cœ̄lnes, cēlnes (“coolness; cool air, breeze”), from Proto-West Germanic *kōlinassī, equivalent to cool + -ness. Cognate with Middle High German kuolnisse, küelnisse (“cooling, coolness”).
craving
From Middle English cravinge, from Old English crafing (“claim, demand”); equivalent to crave + -ing.
continual
From Middle English continuel, from Old French continuel, formed from Latin continuus (“continuous”) with the suffix -el, equivalent to continue + -al.
communal
Borrowed from French communal, from Late Latin commūnālis, from Latin commūnis. Doublet of cominal.
adaptation
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Italic *ad
Proto-Italic *ad-
Latin ad-
Proto-Italic *aptos
Latin aptus
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin apiō
▲
Latin -ō
Latin -tō
Latin aptō
Latin adaptō
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Medieval Latin adaptātiōbor.
French adaptationbor.
English adaptation
From French adaptation, from Medieval Latin adaptātiō, from Latin adaptō (“to fit, adjust, modify; to adapt, fit or adjust to”); see adapt. Equivalent to adapt + -ation.
wrongfully
From Middle English wrongfully, wrongfullich; equivalent to wrongful + -ly.
footpath
From Middle English foot path, footpath; equivalent to foot + path. Compare Saterland Frisian Foutpaad (“footpath”), West Frisian fuotpaad (“footpath”), Dutch voetpad (“footpath”), German Low German Footpadd (“footpath”), German Fußpfad (“footpath”).
Shinto
Borrowing from Japanese 神道 (Shintō), from Middle Chinese 神道 (MC zyin dawX, “ways of the gods”), ultimately from Old Chinese 神道 (OC *hlin l'uːʔ, “ways [doings] of Heaven [in matters of fortune or fate]”).
sedative
Inherited from Middle English sedatif, from Anglo-Norman sedatif, from Medieval Latin sēdātīvus, which itself likely influenced the modern spelling.
dasheen
From a language of the West Indies. Probably from Antillean Creole dachine or another French creole, from French (chou) de Chine (literally “(cabbage) of China”), as the species originated in China.
stum
From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.
Borrowed from Dutch Stum.
couth
From Middle English couth (“familiar, known; evident, true; famous, respected, well-known; genteel, having good manners”), from Old English cūþ (“familiar, intimate, known, usual; certain, plain, manifest; famous, noted, well-known; excellent; friendly; related”), past participle of cunnan (“to be familiar with, know; can, to be able, know how”), from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to be familiar with, know, recognize; to be able, know how”) (compare *kunþaz (“known”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). The word is cognate with Dutch kond (“known”), Saterland Frisian cut (“known”), Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (kunþs, “known”), Icelandic kuður, kunnur (“known”), Latin gnosco (“to know”), Old High German kund, chund, chunt, Middle High German kunt (modern German kund (“known”)), Old Saxon kūth, cûth, cuð (“known; famous, renowned”), Scots couth (“familiar, known”); and is a doublet of could.
solicitude
From Middle English solicitude, from Old French sollicitude, from Latin sollicitūdō (“anxiety”), from sollicitus, solicitus (“anxious, solicitous”). See solicitous.
Brahma
Borrowed from Sanskrit ब्रह्मा (brahmā).
starkly
From Middle English starkli, starcliche, sterkliche, stercliche, from Old English stearclīċe (“strongly; stoutly; vigorously; vehemently; fiercely; strictly”), from Proto-Germanic *starkulīka (“strongly; stiffly”), from *starkulīkaz (“strong; rigid”), from *starkuz (“strong; stiff; stark”), equivalent to stark + -ly.
initiative
From French initiative, from Medieval Latin *initiativus (“serving to initiate”), from Late Latin initiare (“to begin, to initiate”), from Latin initium (“beginning”), from ineo (“enter, begin”). By surface analysis, initiate + -ive.
infantile
Mid-15th century, "pertaining to infants," from Latin infantilis (“pertaining to an infant”), equivalent to infant + -ile, from īnfāns. Sense of "infant-like" is from 1772.
immunity
From Middle English immunite, from Old French immunité, from Latin immūnitās, in the legal sense; for the medical use see immunization. Equivalent to immune + -ity.
shtum
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *stummaz
Proto-West Germanic *stumm
Old High German stum
Middle High German stum
Yiddish שטום (shtum)bor.
English shtum
Borrowed from Yiddish שטום (shtum, “mute, dumb, voiceless”), from Middle High German stum, from Old High German stum, from Proto-West Germanic *stumm. Cognate with German stumm, Dutch stom, Swedish stum. Doublet of stum.
irreconcilable
Borrowed from Middle French irréconciliable, from Late Latin irreconciliābilis, from in- (“not”) + reconciliō (“to reconcile”) + -ābilis (“-able”). By surface analysis, ir- + reconcilable.
boisterous
From Middle English boistres, an alteration of Middle English boistous (“crude, unrefined”), of uncertain origin. Likely from Anglo-Norman boystous, bustous (“rough, in a crude state, disabled, paralysed, unable to walk, lame”), Old French boitous (“limping; having a rough, uneven surface”).
harmonic
From Latin harmonicus, from Ancient Greek ἁρμονικός (harmonikós), from ἁρμονία (harmonía, “harmony”). By surface analysis, harmony + -ic.
gratify
From French gratifier, from Latin grātificō (“to do a favor to, oblige, please, gratify”), from grātus (“kind, pleasing”) + faciō (“to make”).
conduction
Borrowed from Latin conductio, conductionem (“a bringing together”); equivalent to conduct + -ion.
glimmer
From Middle English glimeren, glemeren (“to glimmer”), equivalent to glim (“to shine”) + -er (frequentative suffix). Cognate with German Low German glimmern (“to glimmer”), German glimmern (“to glimmer”), Danish glimre (“to glimmer”), Swedish glimra (“to glimmer”). Doublet of glimpse. Sense 5 was coined in the 2020s in analogy to trigger.