MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Lando
Two main origins:
* Borrowed from Italian Lando, a patronymic surname from a personal name of Germanic origin.
* Borrowed from Hungarian Landó, a pet form of the personal name Lándor.
Lombardo
From Romance (Italian Lombardo from lombardo; Spanish Lombardo from lombardo; Portuguese Lombardo from lombardo) from Latin Longobardus, from Germanic. See Lombard.
Masaccio
Borrowed from Italian Masaccio, from Maso (diminutive of Tommaso) + -accio (pejorative suffix).
Monna
Borrowed from Japanese もんな (Monna) itself from Japanese 門奈 (Monna). Kanji possibly mean 門 (family, kin) and 奈 (apple), but this is unlikely.
fastgang
From Middle English fast-gonge, equivalent to fast (“a period of fasting”) + gang (“a going, course”).
sangeet
Borrowed from Hindi संगीत (saṅgīt), from Sanskrit संगीत (saṃgīta), from सम्- (sam-, “together”) + गीत (gīta, “song”).
anerithmon gelasma
From Ancient Greek ἀνήριθμον γέλασμα (anḗrithmon gélasma), from Aeschylus's Prometheus Bound (90).
surrect
Borrowed from Latin surrectus (“arisen”), the perfect passive participle of surgō (“to arise”).
Marinid
From Marin + -id, a calque of Arabic بنو مرين (Banū Marīn, “sons of Marin”), from their supposed progenitor Marin ibn Wartajan al-Zenati.
Renault
Borrowed from French Renault, itself derived from Proto-Germanic *Raginawaldaz. Doublet of Reynold.
Santoni
Borrowed from Italian Santoni or, more rarely, derived from Corsican via French.
rishon
From Hebrew ראשון (rishón, “first; primary”).
From Hebrew ראשון.
cuju
From Mandarin 蹴鞠 (cùjū).
Valentini
Borrowed from Italian Valentini or Latin Valentīnī. Doublet of Valentine, Valentinus, Valentino, and Valentina.
kemari
Borrowed from Japanese 蹴鞠(けまり) (kemari), from Chinese 蹴鞠 (cùjú).
Caerlaverock
From Cumbric *cayr + the equivalent to the Welsh given name Llywarch. The second element may also be a now-lost river-name.
energid
From German Energid, from Ancient Greek ἐνεργός (energós, “active”) + German -id (= English -id).
Crespi
Borrowed from Italian Crespi or Catalan Crespí.
Gori
From Georgian გორი (gori).
Borrowed from Italian Gori.
fujoshi
Borrowed from Japanese 腐(ふ)女(じょ)子(し) (fujoshi, literally “rotten girl/woman”).
qamutik
Borrowed from Inuktitut ᖃᒧᑏᒃ (qamotiik).
Ashkhabad
From Russian Ашхаба́д (Ašxabád). Doublet of Ashgabat.
jeju
From Tupian.
Borrowed from Korean 제주(濟州) (Jeju). Doublet of Cheju.
skux
Unknown, but has been dubiously claimed to derive from Samoan sitati (sometimes colloquially pronounced as sikaki), which in turn is from English study.
Kemet
Borrowed from Egyptian kmt (“Egypt”): km-m-t:O49, ultimately from Egyptian km (“black”), referring to the fertile black soil of the Nile Delta.
English disease
A calque of phrases from various languages, including the French maladie anglaise, Polish angielska choroba, German englische Krankheit, and the Russian англи́йская боле́знь (anglíjskaja boléznʹ).
Sham
It could be from Arabic شَام (šām, literally “Syria”), from which it spread also to Gujarat. Perhaps also an altered spelling of French Cham.
digit
From Middle English digit, from Latin digitus (“a finger; a number”). Doublet of digitus and dedo.
Tatum
From Tatham, from Old English Tāta, a personal name of unknown meaning + hām.
Voorhees
Anglicization of Dutch (van) voor Hees (“(from) before Hees”).
Chakma
Borrowed from Bengali চাকমা (cakma), from Chakma 𑄌𑄇𑄴𑄟 (cakma), 𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 (caṅmha), ultimately from Sanskrit शक्तिमान (śaktimāna, literally “powerful”), composed of शक्ति (śakti, “power”) + -मान (-māna).
Kechror
Borrowed from Armenian Կեչրոր (Kečʻror).
pea jacket
Probably from Dutch pijjakker, from pij (“coat of coarse cloth, cowl”) + jekker (“jacket”). Compare also later pea coat.
tomoe
Borrowed from Japanese 巴 (tomoe).
From Japanese ともえ (Tomoe).
yearend
Likely altered from year's end, from Middle English yeres ende, equivalent to year + end.
Sharjah
Borrowed from Gulf Arabic الشارقة (aš-šārja). Compare Arabic اَلشَّارِقَة (aš-šāriqa), Hijazi Arabic الشارقة f (aš-šārga).
sesquidiurnal
From New Latin sēsquidiurnus + English -al. Equivalent to sesqui- + diurnal.
bili-
From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin bīlis (“bile”).
ptilinum
Borrowed from New Latin ptilīnum, itself an adaptation of the French ptiline.
Amalthea
From Ancient Greek Ἀμάλθεια (Amáltheia).
calypter
From New Latin calyptra, from Ancient Greek κᾰλύπτρα (kălúptra, “hood”), from κᾰλύπτω (kălúptō, “I cover”).
Muslimah
Borrowed from Arabic مُسْلِمَة (muslima, “female Muslim”); compare Muslim.
jynx
An adaptation of the Latin iynx (“wryneck”), itself an adaptation of the Ancient Greek ἴϋγξ (íünx, “Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla; spell or charm; passionate yearning”).
plangonologist
From Ancient Greek πλαγγών (plangṓn, “(wax) doll”) + -ologist.
jyngine
Formed as the Latin iynx (“wryneck”) + the English -ine (“of or pertaining to; like”), as if after Latin **jyngīnus. Compare jynx.
sympotic
From Latin sympoticus or Ancient Greek συμποτικός (sumpotikós).
nemat-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁-der.
Ancient Greek νέω (néō)
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)
Ancient Greek νῆμᾰ (nêmă)der.
English nemat-
Representing νημᾰτ- (nēmăt-), the stem of the Ancient Greek νῆμᾰ (nêmă, “thread”). Compare -nema.
Nemertes
From Ancient Greek Νημερτής (Nēmertḗs).
predatorial
From Latin praedatori(us) + -al, equivalent to predator + -ial.
Gawain
From Middle English Gawayne, from Old French Gauvain, from Old Welsh [Term?], probably of Celtic origin, like many other characters from Arthurian legends, perhaps from Proto-Brythonic *gwalx (“hawk”) (from Proto-Celtic *wolkos) + *gwɨnn (“white”). Doublet of Gavin. More at Gawain.
gauchesque
Formed from gaucho + -esque, as a calque of Spanish gauchesco.
chow fun
From either Taishanese 炒粉 (cau² fun²) or Cantonese 炒粉 (caau² fan²).
Afro-Ecuadorian
From Spanish afroecuatoriano. By surface analysis, Afro- + Ecuadorian.
Cuzco
Borrowed from Spanish Cuzco, from Quechua Qusqu.
nantaimori
Borrowed from Japanese 男体盛り (nantaimori, literally “male body serving”).
khatib
From Arabic خَطِيب (ḵaṭīb).
alysoid
From Ancient Greek ἅλυσις (hálusis, “chain”).
a potiori
Learned borrowing from Latin denominatio a potiori (“naming from the stronger”).
anguinea
From Latin anguinea, from anguin- + -eus, from an earlier form of anguis.
smearcase
In Pennsylvanian usage, borrowed from Pennsylvania German Schmierkaes. (In Texas, presumably from the cognate equivalent in Texas German.) Compare schmear, from Yiddish.
qari
Borrowed from Arabic قَارِئ (qāriʔ, “reader”).
pedaheh
A mondegreen of Ukrainian пироги (pyrohy). The “d” in spelling is probably due to intervocalic flapping.
bromopnea
From Ancient Greek βρῶμος (brômos, “stink”) (see bromo-) + -pnea. Coined by William J. Lederer in 1907.
Buscemi
From Italian Buscemi, from Sicilian Buscema, from Old Sicilian Buxema, from Arabic قَلْعَةْ أَبُو شَامَة (qalʕat ʔabū šāma), meaning “Castle of the man with the mole”.
Epione
From Latin Ēpionē, from Ancient Greek Ἠπιόνη (Ēpiónē), from Ancient Greek ἤπῐος (ḗpĭos).
Musubi-no-Kami
From Japanese 結びの神 (Musubi no Kami).
Raijin
From Japanese 雷神 (Raijin), from Middle Chinese 雷 (lwoj, “thunder”) + 神 (zyin, “deity”, “spirit”).
Kajin
Borrowed from Japanese 火神 (かじん, Kajin, literally “fire god”).
Nova Gorica
From Slovene Nôva Goríca (“New Gorizia”).
chanslash
From Japanese ちゃん (chan), a familiar suffix commonly affixed to the names of children, and slash.
zeren
From Russian дзерен (dzeren), from Mongolian зээр (zeer).
skytale
From Ancient Greek σκυτάλη (skutálē, “club, baton, cylinder used for encoding and decoding”).
scytale
From Latin scytale (“cylinder used for encoding and decoding”), from Ancient Greek σκυτάλη (skutálē, “club, baton, cylinder used for encoding and decoding”).
keraunic
From Ancient Greek κεραυνός (keraunós) + -ic.
Crilly
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Mac Raghailligh (“son of Raghailleach”). Compare Crawley.
barasingha
From Hindi बारहसिंगा (bārahsiṅgā), literally ‘twelve-tined’.
philoxenia
Borrowed from Ancient Greek φῐλοξενῐ́ᾱ (phĭloxenĭ́ā).
hemerodrome
Meaning a "day courier". Slightly more common form is "hemerodromos". From Ancient Greek ἡμέρᾱ (hēmérā, “day; date”) (a variant of ἦμαρ (êmar, “day”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₃- (“be hot, burn”)) + δρόμος (drómos, “race, running; race course, track”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run”).
epistemophilia
From Ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistḗmē, “knowledge”) + φίλια (phília, “love”).
kri-kri
Borrowed from Greek κρι-κρι (kri-kri).
Nabataean
Borrowed from Latin Nabataeus (“Nabataean”), which was borrowed from Ancient Greek Ναβαταῖος (Nabataîos, “Nabataean”), which was borrowed from Nabataean Aramaic 𐢕𐢃𐢋𐢈 (nbṭw, “Nabataean”). Possibly cognate with Arabic النبطي (an-Nabaṭī, “Nabataean, Nabaṭ”), Arabic أَنْبَاط (ʔanbāṭ), and Hebrew נבטים (nabaṭim, “Nabataeans”), and Hebrew נבטית (nabaṭit, “Nabataean (adj.)”), all of which might be ultimately derived from the same Semitic root, perhaps Proto-Semitic *nabat-, possibly cognate with Akkadian nabāṭu ("to shine brightly").
Hindutva
Transliteration of Hindi हिंदुत्व (hindutva) / Bengali হিন্দুত্ব (hindutto, literally “Hinduness”). Coined by Chandranath Basu in 1892 and appropriated by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar.
Hinduness
Calque of Hindi हिंदुत्व (hindutva) / Bengali হিন্দুত্ব (hindutto, literally “Hinduness”): Hindu + -ness.
curdog
From Middle English cur-dogge, kurdogge, curredogge, equivalent to cur + dog.
wadjela
Borrowed from Nyunga wadjela, itself from English white fella.
Galvano
From Italian Galvano, from Latin Galbanus, from Galba + -anus (“-an”), from galba (“larva, worm, fatty”), from Gaulish of uncertain meaning. Doublet of Galvao, Galvan, and Galvani.
Chandpur
A transliteration of Bengali চাঁদপুর (cãdpur), a compound of চাঁদ (cãd, “moon”) + পুর (pura, “city”), due to the city's association with someone whose name contained the first element.
Kumiko
Transliteration of Japanese 駒実子 (Kumiko) and many other spellings. See くみこ.
maloca
From Brazilian Portuguese maloca, from Spanish maloca (“raid, attack”), from Mapudungun malocán (“to fight”).
Botha
From Afrikaans Botha. Doublet of Both.
* (Botha, Alberta): Named after Louis Botha.
Torlakian
From Armenian Թոռլաքյան (Tʻoṙlakʻyan), Թոռլակյան (Tʻoṙlakyan), Թորլաքյան (Tʻorlakʻyan).
turcopole
From Byzantine Greek τουρκόπουλοι (tourkópouloi, “sons of Turks”), from Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos) + -πουλος (-poulos).
cestrosphendone
From Ancient Greek κεστροσφενδόνη (kestrosphendónē) via Latin cestrosphendone.
kharja
Borrowed from Arabic خَرْجَة (ḵarja, literally “final”).
Ciceronical
Either the Latin Cicerō (stem: Cicerōn-) or the Middle English Ciceroun suffixed with the English -ical.
engenho
From Portuguese engenho (“machine; sugar mill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese engenno, from Latin ingenium. Doublet of engine.
lalophobia
From Ancient Greek λᾰλῐᾱ́ (lălĭā́, “speech”) + -phobia.
sumpah
Unadapted borrowing from Malay sumpah (“to swear, to make a promise”).
lepidium
Borrowed from translingual Lepidium, from Latin lepidium and Ancient Greek λεπίδιον (lepídion, literally “little scale”), diminutive of λεπίς (lepís, “scale, flake”).
Coushatta
Borrowed from Koasati Kowassa:ti (“bobcat people”).
cupula
Borrowed from Latin cūpula, from cūpa + -ula. Doublet of cupola.
seifuku
From Japanese 制服 (seifuku), from Middle Chinese 制服 (MC tsyejH bjuwk).
Kitinen
First attested in 1908, from Finnish Kitinen; no further etymology for the name is known.
luigino
Borrowed from Italian luigino, from luigi (“louis”) + -ino (diminutive suffix).
macarism
From Ancient Greek μακαρισμός (makarismós), from μακάριος (makários, “happy”) + -ισμός (-ismós).
Tenedos
Borrowed from Latin Tenedos, from Ancient Greek Τένεδος (Ténedos).
Kabard
From East Circassian Къэбэрд (Qɛbɛrd).
waulker
From Middle English walkere, from Old English wealcere (“one who fulls cloth”), from Proto-West Germanic *walkārī, equivalent to waulk + -er.
finity
From French finité, from Old French finité, from fini (past participle of finir (“to bound”)) + -ité.
notarikon
From Hebrew נוטריקון, borrowed from Ancient Greek νοταρικόν (notarikón).
political animal
Calque of Ancient Greek πολιτικὸν ζῷον (politikòn zōîon), originally a concept taken from Aristotle at various places (History of Animals, Politics), though later as character type – possibly inherited in political families – introduced into everyday politics without philosophical background.
metania
From Ancient Greek μετάνοια (metánoia). Doublet of metanoia.
Charites
Borrowed from Latin Charites, from Ancient Greek Χάριτες (Khárites).
Eileithyia
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Εἰλείθυια (Eileíthuia, “the bringer or deliverer”).
odynophobia
From Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē) + -phobia.
Lucina
From Middle English Lucina and Lucyna, from Latin Lūcīna.
Kratos
From Ancient Greek Κράτος (Krátos, literally “Power, Strength”); see κράτος (krátos).
Zelus
From Ancient Greek Ζῆλος (Zêlos, literally “Zeal, Dedication, Emulation”).
Uelen
Possibly from Chukchi увеԓен via Russian Уэле́н (Uelén).
Erinyes
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἐρῑνύες (Erīnúes, literally “Avengers”).
Aglaea
From Ancient Greek Ἀγλαΐα (Aglaḯa, literally “Splendour, Glory, Glow”).
Antheia
From Ancient Greek Ἄνθεια (Ántheia, literally “flowers and flowery wreaths”).
Auxo
From Ancient Greek Αὔξω (Aúxō), related to αὐξάνω (auxánō, “to increase”).
Charis
From Ancient Greek Χάρις (Kháris, literally “beauty, elegance, charm, grace”).
Cleta
From Ancient Greek Κλήτα (Klḗta, literally “fame and glory”).
Eudaimonia
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εὐδαιμονίᾱ (eudaimoníā, literally “good spirits”). By surface analysis, eu- + demon + -ia.
Hegemone
From Ancient Greek Ἡγεμόνη (Hēgemónē, literally “Mastery”).
Paidia
Borrowed from Ancient Greek παιδιά (paidiá, “childish play, amusement”), from παῖς (paîs, “child”).
Pannychis
From Ancient Greek Παννυχίς (Pannukhís, literally “Festivities and Parties”).
Gharibashvili
Transliteration of Georgian ღარიბაშვილი (ɣaribašvili).
Margvelashvili
Transliteration of Georgian მარგველაშვილი (margvelašvili).
Bakradze
Transliteration of Georgian ბაქრაძე (bakraʒe).
Panjikidze
Transliteration of Georgian ფანჯიკიძე (panǯiḳiʒe).
Saakashvili
Transliteration of Georgian სააკაშვილი (saaḳašvili).
Burjanadze
Transliteration of Georgian ბურჯანაძე (burǯanaʒe).
endogeic
From French endogé + -ic. Endogé, first applied in the context of earthworms by Marcel Bouché (see anecic), is from Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “within, inside”) + γῆ (gê, “earth”), modelled after French épigé. By surface analysis, endo- + geo- + -ic.
epigeic
From French épigé + -ic. Épigé, first applied in the context of earthworms by Marcel Bouché (see anecic), is from Ancient Greek ἐπίγειος (epígeios, “terrestrial”).
Ikelos
From the Ancient Greek Ἴκελος (Íkelos).
Sippenhaft
From German Sippenhaft (“kin liability”), from Sippe + Haft.
Bemidji
From Ojibwe bemijigamaag (“a lake with crossing waters”).
huangjiu
The atonal pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 黃酒 /黄酒 (huángjiǔ, “yellow alcohol”). Compare baijiu.
yellow wine
A calque of Chinese 黃酒 /黄酒 (huángjiǔ, “yellow alcohol”).
huang-chiu
From the Wade-Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 黃酒 /黄酒 (huángjiǔ, “yellow alcohol”).
realgar wine
Calque of Mandarin 雄黃酒 /雄黄酒 (xiónghuángjiǔ), 雄黄酒 (xiónghuángjiǔ, literally “realgar liquor”).
Ramallah
From Arabic رَام اَللّٰه (rām allāh).
captainess
From Middle English captensse; equivalent to captain + -ess. Piecewise doublet of chieftainess.
dreadness
Either from Middle English drednesse or formed anew from dread + -ness; compare dreadedness.
Peiping
From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 北平 (Pei³-pʻing²).
ferventness
From Middle English ferventnesse; equivalent to fervent + -ness.
feignedness
From Middle English feinednes, fenydnes, faynes, equivalent to feigned + -ness.
honestness
From Middle English honestnesse, honestnysse, honestnas, equivalent to honest + -ness.
heathenness
From Middle English hethenesse, from Old English hǣþennes (“heathenism, heathenry, heathendom”), from Proto-West Germanic *haiþinnassī (“heathenness”), equivalent to heathen + -ness.
Nanterre
Borrowed from French Nanterre, from Latin Nemetodurum, from Proto-Celtic *nemetom (“sanctuary”) and Gaulish *durom (“door”), from Proto-Celtic *dwār, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr.
osmanthus wine
Calque of Mandarin 桂花酒 (guìhuājiǔ, “osmanthus liquor”).
pitanga
Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese pitanga, from Old Tupi 'ybapytanga.
Tangut
From a Middle Mongol exonym used by the Mongols, which would become the Classical Mongolian ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠳ (tangɣud) that was phonetically transcribed in Ming-era Early Mandarin Chinese as 唐兀_惕 (/*tʰaŋ(ŋ)ut/) in the Chinese edition of the Secret History of the Mongols (《元朝秘史》). The designation ultimately derives from Old Turkic 𐱃𐰭𐰆𐱃 (t¹ŋut¹) as attested in the 8th-century Bilgä Qaǧan stele. The English word, and similar forms in European languages, derives from Medieval Latin Tangut (*Tangunt in the Leiden manuscript) from the accounts of William of Rubruck compiled in the 1250s. The English form was attested in the writings of Richard Hakluyt who translated parts of William's accounts in the late 16th century.
Eid al-Ghadeer
From Arabic عِيد الْغَدِير (ʕīd al-ḡadīr, literally “feast of the pond”).
dukhan
Ultimately from Arabic دُكَّان (dukkān, “shop”).
sunnah
Borrowed from Arabic سُنَّة (sunna, “habit, custom”).
Antichthones
From Ancient Greek ἀντίχθονες (antíkhthones), plural of ἀντίχθων (antíkhthōn), from χθών (khthṓn, “earth”).
tuladi
From Canadian French touladi, from an Eastern Algonquian language. (The fish is sometimes said to take its name from the Touladi River where some spawn, but the river more likely takes its name from the fish.)
cronjob
From cron + job. From cron, name of the system program that handles these tasks; from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”).
Kaladze
Transliteration of Georgian კალაძე (ḳalaʒe).
turndun
From Kurnai tŭndūn (“turndun”), from Tŭndūn (“the man”), mythical direct ancestor of the Kurnai and inventor of the turndun, whom the greater turndun represents (the lesser representing Rukut Tŭndūn (“wife of the man”)), son of the great spirit Mūngan-ngaur (“our father”), who, according to myth, taught the Kurnai all of their arts.
Tisiphone
From Ancient Greek Τῑσιφόνη (Tīsiphónē, literally “Avenging Murder”).
Alecto
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀληκτώ (Alēktṓ, literally “Unceasing (Anger)”).
Moutai
From Mou-tai, a former romanization of the Cantonese Chinese 茅臺／茅台 (Máotái).
gorodki
From Russian городки́ (gorodkí, “small towns; skittles in the game of gorodki”), singular городо́к (gorodók), diminutive of го́род (górod, “town, city”). Doublet of yardie.
kuih
From Malay kuih, from Hokkien 粿 (kóe, “rice cake”).
lovesomeness
From late Middle English lovesumnes, equivalent to lovesome + -ness; compare Old English lufsumness.
carthoun
Borrowed from German Kartaune, from Italian quartana (“25-pounder cannon”).
scotodinia
Borrowed from Ancient Greek σκοτοδινία (skotodinía), from σκότος (skótos, “darkness”) + δίνη (dínē, “whirling”). Equivalent to scoto- + dino- + -ia.
Rhianna
A variant spelling of Rihanna, from Arabic رَيْحَانَة (rayḥāna, singulative of رَيْحَان (rayḥān, “basil; myrtle”)). This spelling possibly influenced by unrelated Welsh names such as Rhiannon.
Ezhou
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鄂州 (Èzhōu).
Wuchang
From Mandarin 武昌 (Wǔchāng).
Yunling
From Mandarin 雲嶺 /云岭 (Yúnlǐng).
Yun Ling
Romanization of Mandarin 雲嶺 (Yúnlǐng)
Dianchi Lake
From the pinyin romanization of Mandarin 滇池 (Diānchí) + English lake.
Lake Dianchi
From English lake + the pinyin romanization of Mandarin 滇池 (Diānchí).
unlustiness
From Middle English unlustynesse; equivalent to unlusty + -ness.
unshamefast
Inherited from Middle English unshamefast, unshamfast, from Old English unsċamfæst, equivalent to un- + shamefast.
prospekt
From Russian проспе́кт (prospékt). Doublet of prospect and prospectus.
Alpheus
From Ancient Greek Ἀλφειός (Alpheiós, literally “whitish”).
Ascalaphus
From Latin Ascalaphus, from Ancient Greek Ἀσκάλαφος (Askálaphos, literally “Screech-owl”).
sovereignness
From Middle English soverainnesse, equivalent to sovereign + -ness.
birotula
Borrowed from Latin birota, feminine of birotus, from bi- (“two, double”) + rota (“wheel”) + -us.
hauntology
Borrowed from French hantologie: equivalent to haunt + -ology, and a near-homophone to ontologie (“ontology”); apparently coined by Jacques Derrida in Spectres of Marx (1993).
Zhongdu
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 中都 (Zhōngdū).
Chung-tu
From the Wade-Giles romanization of Mandarin Chinese 中都.
Chung Tu
From the Wade-Giles romanization of Mandarin Chinese 中都.
Khanbalik
From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠨᠪᠠᠯᠢᠺ (qanbalik), from Middle Mongol ᠬᠠᠨᠪᠠᠯᠢᠺ (qanbalik, “City of the Khan”), from ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan) + ᠪᠠᠯᠢᠺ (balik), both possibly from Old Turkic. Compare Mongolian Ханбалиг (Xanbalig).
Cambaluc
From Italian Cambaluc found in the account of Marco Polo's travels, from Mongolian and East Turkish Khanbalik, City of the Khan.
Xicheng
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin Chinese 西城 (Xīchéng, literally “west city”).
aurorean
Either the Latin aurōre(us) + the English -an or formed from the two English elements auror(a) + -ean.
Mkhitar
From Armenian Մխիթար (Mxitʻar).
Herculaneum
Unadapted borrowing from Latin Herculaneum, named for the mythical figure Hercules.
Fort Orange
From various Dutch places named Fort Oranje (fort + Oranje), after the Oranje-Nassau branch of the House of Nassau, prominent in Dutch government since the 16th century Dutch Revolt against Spanish rule in the Netherlands.
afrancesado
Borrowed from Portuguese or Spanish afrancesado (“Francophile”).
Fort Zeelandia
From various Dutch places named Fort Zeelandia (fort + Zeelandia) after the Dutch province Zealand.
Tainan City
Calque from Chinese 臺南市 (literally “Tainan city”), the formal name of Tainan
terotechnology
From Ancient Greek τηρέω (tēréō, “care for”) + technology.
webtoon
From Web + toon, dating from at least 2001 (see citations). For Korean comics, likely a re-borrowing of Korean 웹툰 (weptun), itself from the original sense.
Dongyi
From the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese 東夷 /东夷 (Dōngyí).
Tengchow
From the Postal Romanization of Mandarin 登州 (Dēngzhōu).
Dengzhou
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 鄧州 /邓州 (Dèngzhōu).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 登州 (Dēngzhōu).
Teng-chou
From Mandarin 登州 (Dēngzhōu) Wade–Giles romanization: Têng¹-chou¹.
From Mandarin 鄧州 /邓州 (Dèngzhōu) Wade–Giles romanization: Têng⁴-chou¹.
cooja
From Hindi कूज़ा (kūzā), from Persian کوزه (kuza).
P'eng-lai
From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin 蓬萊 /蓬莱 (Pénglái) Wade–Giles romanization: Pʻeng²-lai².
Horai
A romanization of Ancient Greek Ὧραι (Hôrai, “seasons”).
A romanization of Japanese 蓬莱 (Hōrai ほうらい), from Middle Chinese 蓬萊 (MC buwng loj|lojH) (compare Mandarin 蓬萊 /蓬莱 (Pénglái)), from Old Chinese 蓬萊 (OC *boːŋ rɯː/rɯːs).
West Lake
Calque of Chinese 西湖 (Xī Hú, literally “west lake”)
States General
From states, plural of state + general, after Dutch Staten-Generaal, Middle French etats generaux.
Esperantido
Borrowed from Esperanto Esperantido. By surface analysis, Esperanto + -ido.
Santa Muerte
Unadapted borrowing from Spanish Santa Muerte (literally “Holy Death”).
Chang'an
From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 長安 /长安 (Cháng'ān).
Taiye Lake
From the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese 太液池 (Tàiyèchí) (Tàiyèchí, "Great Flowing Pond").
yaud
From Middle English yald, ȝald. Originally used to mean "mare", then "old mare". From Old Norse jalda (“mare”), from a Uralic language, such as Moksha эльде (eľďe) or Erzya эльде (eľďe).
This term influenced and was influenced by jade, but is considered etymologically distinct by some references, while others consider the two terms to be variants of one another.
aetiogenesis
From Ancient Greek αἰτία (aitía, “cause”) + γένεσις (génesis, “creation”).
Four Classic Novels
Calque from Chinese 四大名著 (Sìdàmíngzhù, literally “Four Big Famous Works”)
Encampment
A calque of Chinese 室宿 (Shìsù) (literally "room" or "chamber").
Black Turtle
From Mandarin 玄武 (Xuánwǔ, literally “Dark Warrior”) + the primary animal representing it.
Black Turtle of the North
A calque of Mandarin 北方玄武 (Běifāng Xuánwǔ) (lit. "Dark Warrior of the North") + its primary animal representation.