MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
animate
From Middle English animat(e), from Latin animātus, perfect passive participle of animō (“to fill with breath, quicken, encourage, animate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from anima (“soul, spirit, breath”); see anima. The verb derives from the adjective, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
inanimate
Inherited from Middle English inanimat(e), from Late Latin inanimātus, from Latin in- + animātus (“animated”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). By surface analysis, in- + animate. The noun was derived by substantivization from the adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix).
Borrowed from Latin inanimātus, the perfect passive participle of inanimō (“to animate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from in- (“in, into”) + animō (“to animate”); by surface analysis, in- + animate.
farthing
From Middle English ferthing, from Old English fēorþing, fēorþung (“a quarter, fourth part, farthing”), from fēorþa (“fourth”), from Proto-Germanic *fedurþungaz (“a quarter”), probably influenced by Old Norse fjórðungr (“a fourth part, quarter”). Equivalent to fourth + -ing; compare English riding (“third part”).
vigil
From Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”), from Old French vigile, from Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”), from vigil (“awake”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). Doublet of Wigilia. See also wake and vigor, from the same root.
villainous
From Middle English vileinous, from Old French vileneus. By surface analysis, villain + -ous.
villainy
From Middle English vileinie, vileynye, from Anglo-Norman vilenie, from Old French vilanie.
amour
Inherited from Middle English amour, from Middle French amour, from Old French amor, from Latin amor.
The modern pronunciation is due to continual French influence; the expected development would be /ˈæmə(ɹ)/, as seen in enamour, enamoured.
amoureux
From the French. Doublet of amoroso and amorous.
Borrowed from French Amoureux.
vindication
From Late Middle English vendicacion, vyndicacion, vyndycacion (“assertion of a claim”), from Old French vindication (“revenge, vengeance”) (modern dialectal French vindication), or from Medieval Latin vendicātio, both from Latin vindicātiō (“avenging; defence, protection, vindication; punishment; etc.”), from vindicō (“to avenge; to take revenge on; to protect from; etc.”) + -tiō (suffix forming nouns from verbs, denoting processes, actions, or results of actions). Vindicō is derived from vindex (“claimant, vindicator; defender, protector”) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs); and vindex from vim (the accusative singular form of vīs (“force; power, strength; etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue; to persecute; to suppress”)) + dīcere (the present active infinitive of dīcō (“to declare, state; to refer to; to say, talk; etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out, show”)). By surface analysis, vindicate + -ion (suffix denoting an action or process, or its result).
vinegar
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y-?
Proto-Indo-European *-ō?
Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁ō
Proto-Italic *wīnom
Latin vīnum
Old French vin
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *-rós
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós
Proto-Italic *akris
Classical Latin ācer
Late Latin ācrus
Old French aigre
Old French vinaigrebor.
Middle English vynegre
English vinegar
From Middle English vynegre, from Old French vinaigre from Old French vyn egre, based on Latin vīnum (“wine”) + Latin ācer (“sour”). Displaced Old English æċed (survived in Middle English eced).
dour
Borrowed from Scots dour, possibly from Latin dūrus (“hard, stern”), via Middle Irish dúr.
Compare French dur, Catalan dur, Italian duro, Portuguese duro, Romanian dur, Spanish duro. Doublet of dure.
iwan
Borrowed from Arabic إِيوَان (ʔīwān), from Classical Persian اَیْوَان (aywān, “porch”); see there for more. Doublet of apadana.
sub-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *upó
Proto-Italic *supo
Latin sub
Latin sub-der.
English sub-
From Latin sub- (“under”). Doublet of hypo-.
fraise
From Middle English fraisen, from Old English frāsian (“to ask, try, tempt”), from Proto-Germanic *fraisōną (“to attempt, try”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to attempt, try; risk, peril”). Cognate with West Frisian freezje (“to fear”), Dutch vrezen (“to fear, dread, be afraid”), German freisen (“to put at risk, endanger, terrify”).
Alternatively the Middle English fraisen was borrowed from Middle Dutch vreisen, vresen (“to be afraid; to endanger, threaten, frighten”), from Old Dutch *freisōn, *frēsōn, from the same Proto-West Germanic source above.
Borrowed from French fraise (“ruff”), fraiser; compare French friser (“curl”), perhaps from Provençal frezar; ultimately from Germanic.
Borrowed from French fraise (“strawberry”), from earlier *fraige, from Latin frāga.
get someone's goat
Uncertain; it has been suggested that the term may be derived from French prendre la chèvre (literally “to take the goat”), or refer to the stealing of a goat mascot from a military unit, etc.
juniper
From Late Middle English junyper, juniperus, from Latin iūniperus (“juniper-tree”).
jostle
Originally justle (“to have sex with”), formed from Middle English jousten, from the Old French joster (“to joust”), from Latin iuxtā (“next to”), from iungō (“join, connect”), equivalent to joust + -le.
jorum
Uncertain; perhaps from the Hebrew name of Joram, who “brought with him [to King David] vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass” (Bible (King James Version), 2 Samuel 8:10; compare Jeroboam); or from Arabic جَرَّة (jarra, “earthen receptacle”).
whim-wham
Uncertain; perhaps from North Germanic (compare Old Norse hvima (“to let the eyes wander”), Norwegian kvima (“to flutter”)), but in any case ultimately sound-symbolic/a fanciful reduplication (compare flim-flam).
fracas
From French fracas, derived from fracasser, from Italian fracassare, from fra- + cassare, equivalent to Latin infra + quassare.
bump
From Early Modern English bump (“a shock, blow from a collision”), probably of North Germanic origin; compare Danish bump (“a thump”), Danish bumpe (“to thump”), Old Danish bumpe (“to strike with a clenched fist”), all probably of imitative origin.
Apparently related to Middle English bumben, bummen (“to make a hollow noise”), Dutch bommen (“to hum, buzz”), German Low German bumsen (“to bump, push”), German bummen (“to hum, buzz”), Icelandic bumba (“drum”). More at bum, bumble. Compare also bomb.
collision
From Middle French collision, from Late Latin collīsiō, from Latin collīdere, past participle collīsus (“to dash together”); see collide. cf. allision.
haggard
From Middle French haggard, from Old French faulcon hagard (“wild falcon”) ( > French hagard (“dazed”)), from Middle High German hag (“coppice”) ( > archaic German Hag (“hedge, grove”)). Akin to Frankish *hagia ( > French haie (“hedge”))
From Old Norse heygarðr (“hay-yard”).
hypocritical
From hypocritic + -al, from Ancient Greek ὑποκριτικός (hupokritikós), from ὑποκριτής (hupokritḗs, “actor, hypocrite”), from ὑποκρίνομαι (hupokrínomai, “I play a part on stage”), from ὑπό (hupó, “below”) + κρίνω (krínō, “I choose”).
hush
From Middle English huschen (“to hush”) (as past participle husht (“silent; hushed”) and interjection husht (“quiet!”)). Cognate with Low German huschen, hüssen (“to hush; lull”), German huschen (“to shoo; scurry”), Danish hysse (“to hush”), and maybe Albanian hesht.
humiliate
Borrowed from Late Latin humiliātus, perfect passive participle of humiliō (“to abase, humble”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from Latin humilis (“lowly, humble”), from humus (“ground; earth, soil”); see humble.
vinyl
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y-?
Proto-Indo-European *-ō?
Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁ō
Proto-Italic *wīnom
Latin vīnum
Proto-Indo-European *swel-der.?
Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der.
Frenchder.
English -yl
English vinyl
From Latin vīnum (“wine”) + -yl. Derived from Latin vīnum because ethyl alcohol is the ordinary alcohol present in wine.
timid
Etymology tree
Latin timeō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin timidusder.
Middle French timideder.
English timid
From Middle French timide, from Latin timidus (“full of fear, fearful, timid”), from timeō (“to fear”).
viscount
From Anglo-Norman viscounte, from Medieval Latin vicecomes, from Latin vice + comes. Equivalent to vice- + count. Doublet of vicecomes and vicomte.
visitor
Partly from Middle English visiter, visitere, equivalent to visit + -er; and partly from Middle English visitour, from Anglo-Norman visitour, from Old French visetëor. By surface analysis, visit + -or.
vista
Borrowed from Italian vista (“view, sight”), from visto, past participle of vedere (“to see”), from Latin vidēre (“to see”). Compare vision, video, visa.
From Spanish vista (“view”). One settler in the Vista area, John A. Frazier, applied to open the first post office and after several attempts to name the city (Frazier and Buena Vista were already taken), Frazier finally chose the name Vista.
vitality
From vital + -ity, from Middle French vitalité, from Latin vitalitas (“vital force, life”), from vitalis (“vital”); see vital.
volition
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *welō
Latin volō
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Medieval Latin volitiōbor.
French volitionder.
English volition
From French volition, from Medieval Latin volitiō (“will, volition”), from Latin volō (“to wish; to want; to mean or intend”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose; to want”)) + -tiō (suffix forming nouns relating to some action or the result of an action) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-tis (suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verbs)).
bourgeoisie
Unadapted borrowing from French bourgeoisie, from bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from bourgeois, “burghers”, i.e., townspeople.
voluble
From Middle French volubile, from Latin volūbilis (“rolling”), from volvō (“roll”).
cholera
From Latin cholera (“bilious disease”), from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra, “cholera”). Doublet of choler.
elvish
From Middle English elvyssh, from Old English ielfisċ. Equivalent to elf + -ish.
vagary
From Italian vagare (“wander”) and/or its source Latin vagārī (“to wander”), from Latin vagus (“wandering”). Later apparently reinterpreted in English as vague + -ery but without changing the spelling. By surface analysis, Latin vag(us) + -ary.
submit
From Middle English submitten, borrowed from Latin submittere, infinitive of submittō (“place under, yield”), from sub (“under, from below, up”) + mitto (“to send”). Compare upsend.
makwa
From Mandarin 馬褂／马褂 (mǎguà).
alleviate
Borrowed from Late Latin alleviatus, past participle of alleviāre (“to lighten; to alleviate”). By surface analysis, al- + Latin lev- + -i- + -ate.
ulterior
From Latin ulterior (“further, more distant”), from ulter (“that is beyond”) + -ior (“more”).
tab
Clipping of Cantab, from Cantabrigian, from Latin Cantabrigia (“Cambridge”).
tabulate
From Late Latin tabulātus (“having a floor; floored”), perfect passive participle of tabulō (“to fit with planks”), from tabula (“board, plank”), of uncertain origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (a variant of *steh₂- (“to stand”)) + *-dʰlom (a variant of *-trom (suffix forming nouns denoting tools or instruments)). Equivalent to table + -ate (verb-forming suffix).
From Late Latin tabulāta (“thin board, plank, flooring”), or more likely a relatinized version of tablet through tabula.
Back-formation from translingual Tabulata (“an extinct order of corals”) on the basis
of -ate (adjective-forming suffix, corresponding to Latin -ātus (forming participles), itself seen in Tabulata), from Latin tabulāta, the nominative neuter plural of tabulātus (“floored”). See further at etymology 1. The order is so named because the corals are characterized by their well-developed horizontal internal partitions (tabulae). Equivalent to tabula + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
ultra vires
Unadapted borrowing from Latin ultra vires (“beyond the power”).
ululation
]
Borrowed from Latin ululātiō, from ululō (“to howl, shriek, yell”) (from a reduplicated Proto-Indo-European imitative root) + -ātiō (suffix forming nouns relating to some action or the result of an action) (from Proto-Indo-European *-tis (suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots)). By surface analysis, ululate + -ion.
tablature
From French, from Italian tavolatura, from Latin tabulatura, from tabula.
inflorescence
From Latin inflōrēscentia, from inflōrēscō (“to begin to flower”), inchoative verb of flōreō (“to flower”).
periodic
From French périodique, from Medieval Latin periodicus (“cyclical”), from Latin periodus (“complete sentence, period, circuit”), from Ancient Greek περίοδος (períodos, “cycle, period of time”). By surface analysis, period + -ic.
potion
From Middle English pocioun, borrowed from Old French pocion, from Latin pōtiō (“a drinking”), pōtiōnis, from pōtāre (“to drink”). Doublet of poison.
administer
From Middle English administren, from Old French aminister, from Latin administrare (“to manage, execute”), from ad (“to”) + ministrare (“to attend, serve”), from minister (“servant”); see minister.
disturb
From Middle English destourben, from Anglo-Norman distourber and Old French destorber, from Latin disturbare, intensifying for turbare (“to throw into disorder”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH-, *(s)turH- (“to rotate, swirl, twirl, move around”).
puissant
From Middle English puissaunt, from Middle French puissant, poissant, Anglo-Norman puissant, Old French pussant, et al., present participle of pooir (“to be able”), ultimately from Latin posse (“be able”).
honorificabilitudinity
Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin honōrificābilitūdinitās.
pyretic
Borrowed from New Latin pyreticus, from Ancient Greek πυρετικός (puretikós, “febrile”), from πυρετός (puretós, “fever”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).
unacceptable
From Middle English unacceptabylle, equivalent to un- + acceptable.
stannary
From Late Latin stannaria, from Latin stannum (“tin”). By surface analysis, stann- + -ary.
controvert
Borrowed from Medieval Latin contrōvertere, from Latin contrō- (“against”) + vertere (“to turn”).
chalaza
From Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hailstone, lump”).
mierda
Directly from Spanish mierda, from Latin merda. Doublet of merde and merd.
Baltimore
Named after Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, the first Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland. "Baltimore" itself is an anglicization of Irish baile an tí mhóir, "settlement of the big house."
repatriate
Borrowed from Latin repatriare, from re- + patria (“homeland”). Cognate to repair (“to return”).
commerce
Borrowed from Middle French commerce, from Latin commercium. Doublet of comess.
mugwort
From Middle English mugwort, mugwyrt, mucgwurt, from Old English mucgwyrt, mucwyrt et al., from Proto-Germanic; probably corresponding to midge + wort. Cognate with regional Low German muggart, mugwurz.
maudlin
From Middle English Maudelen, a dialectal form of Mary Magdalene (typically depicted weeping), from Old French Madelaine (whence Madeleine), from Late Latin Magdalena (see Magdalena, Magdalene, and Maudlin).
English surname, from Middle English Maudeleyn. Doublet of Madeleine, Magdalen, Magdalena, and Magdalene.
altiplano
From American Spanish altiplano.
From Spanish altiplano, ultimately from Latin altus planum (“high plain”).
paragoge
From Late Latin paragoge, from Ancient Greek παραγωγή (paragōgḗ, “derivation, addition”).
apocope
Learned borrowing from Late Latin apocopē, derived from Ancient Greek ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ), ἀποκόπτω (apokóptō, “cut off”).
apodosis
Learned borrowing from Late Latin apodosis, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀπόδοσις (apódosis).
arbitration
Etymology tree
Latin arbiter
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin arbitror
Latin arbitratio
Old French arbitrationbor.
Middle English arbitracion
English arbitration
From Middle English arbitracion, borrowed from Old French arbitration, from Latin arbitratio, from arbitrari (“to arbitrate, judge”); see arbitrate.
Asiatic
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Ăsĭ́ā)
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Ancient Greek -τις (-tis)
Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs)
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Ancient Greek -κός (-kós)
?
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Ancient Greek -τος (-tos)
▲
Ancient Greek -κός (-kós)
?
Ancient Greek -τῐκός (-tĭkós)
Ancient Greek Ἀσῐᾱτῐκός (Asĭātĭkós)der.
Latin āsiāticuslbor.
English Asiatic
Learned borrowing from Latin āsiāticus; equivalent to Asia + -atic.
assess
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Italic *ad
Proto-Italic *ad-
Latin ad-
Proto-Indo-European *sed-
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Indo-European *sedéh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *sedēō
Latin sedeō
Latin assideō
Latin assessus
Medieval Latin assessareder.
Old French assesserbor.
Middle English assessen
English assess
From Middle English assessen, from Old French assesser, from Medieval Latin assessare, originally the frequentative of Latin assessus, past participle of assidēre, from ad (“to, towards, at”) + sedeō (“sit; settle down”). Cognate with Spanish asentar (“to settle”).
assignee
From Middle English assigne, from Old French assigné, equivalent to assign + -ee.
astringent
From Latin adstringere (“to bind fast”), from ad (“toward”) + stringere (“bind, pull tight”). Compare stringent.
attitudinal
From Italian attitudine + -al, from Latin aptitūdin- + -al, from oblique stem of Latin aptitūdō, from aptus + -tūdō. By surface analysis, attitude + -al.
unanimous
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ís?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos
Proto-Italic *oinos
Old Latin oinos
Latin ūnus
Latin ūni-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-mos
Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos
Proto-Italic *anamos
Latin animus
Latin ūnanimusder.
English unanimous
From Latin ūnanimus (“of one mind”), from ūnus (“one”) + animus (“mind”). Displaced native Old English ānmōd (literally “one-minded”).
decapitate
From French décapiter, from Late Latin dēcapitāre, literally, “to de-head”.
provision
From Middle English provisioun, from Old French provisïon, from Latin prōvīsiō (“preparation, foresight”), from prōvidēre (“provide”).
goodness
From Middle English goodnesse, godnesse, from Old English gōdnes (“goodness; virtue; kindness”), from Proto-West Germanic *gōdnassī (“goodness”), equivalent to good + -ness. Cognate with Scots guidness (“goodness”), West Frisian goedens (“goodness”), Old High German guotnessī (“goodness”), Middle High German guotnisse (“goodness”), Russian годность (godnostʹ, “suitability, fitness”).
vomitorium
Borrowed from Latin vomitōrium (“entrance to an amphitheatre”), substantive of vomitōrius (“emetic, provoking vomiting”), from vomō (“vomit”).
blemish
From Middle English blemisshen, blemissen, from Old French blemiss-, stem of Old French blemir, blesmir (“make pale, injure, wound, bruise”) (French blêmir), from Old Frankish *blesmijan, *blasmijan (“to make pale”), from Old Frankish *blasmī (“pale”), from Proto-Germanic *blasaz (“white, pale”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shine”). Cognate with Dutch bles (“white spot”), German blass (“pale”), Old English āblered (“bare, uncovered, bald, shaven”).
effervescent
From Latin effervescentem, from effervescere, from ex- + fervescere, from fervere. By surface analysis, ef- + Latin ferv- + -escent.
roam
From Middle English romen, from Old English rāmian, from Proto-Germanic *raimōną (“to wander”), from *raim- (“to move, raise”), from *h₃reyH- (“to move, lift, flow”). Akin to Old English ārǣman (“to arise, stand up, lift up”), Old High German rāmēn (“to aim”) ( > archaic German rahmen (“to strive”)), Middle Dutch rammen (“to night-wander, to copulate”), rammelen (“to wander about, ramble”). More at ramble.
peccadillo
From Spanish pecadillo, diminutive form of pecado (“sin”), from Latin peccatum (“sin, error, fault”), from peccō (“to sin, offend”).
puissance
From Middle English puissaunce, from Anglo-Norman puissance, pusaunce, and other forms, from Old French puissant (“powerful”).
potentate
From Middle English potentat, from Old French, from Late Latin potentātus (“rule, political power”), from Latin potēns (“powerful, strong”), the active present participle of possum (“to be able”).
flank
From Late Middle English flanc, from Late Old English flanc (“flank”), from Old French flanc, of Germanic origin, probably Frankish *hlanca, from Proto-West Germanic *hlanku (“bend, curve, hip, flank”), from Proto-Germanic *hlankaz (“flexible, sleek, bendsome”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleng- (“to bend”). Akin to Old High German hlanca (“loin”), Middle Low German lanke (“hip joint”) (German lenken (“to bend, turn, lead”)), Old English hlanc (“loose, slender, flaccid, lank”). More at lank.
barefoot
From Middle English barefote, barfot, from Old English bærfōt (“barefoot”), from Proto-West Germanic *baʀafōt, from Proto-Germanic *bazafōts (“barefoot”) equivalent to bare + foot. Cognate with Scots barefit (“barefoot”), Old Frisian berfōt ("barefoot"; modern Saterland Frisian boarfouts (“barefoot”, adverb)), Dutch barrevoets (“barefoot”, adverb), German barfuß (“barefoot”), Danish barfodet (“barefoot”), Swedish barfota (“barefoot”, adverb), Icelandic berfættur (“barefoot”), Yiddish באָרוועס (borves, “barefoot”).
soliloquy
1595–1605; From Late Latin sōliloquium in the title of St. Augustine's Soliloquiorum libri duo ("Two Books of Soliloquies"), from sōlus (“only, sole”) + loquor (“to speak”).
fane
From Middle English fane, from Old English fana (“cloth, banner”), from Proto-West Germanic *fanō, from Proto-Germanic *fanô (“cloth, flag”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂n- (“to weave; something woven; cloth, fabric, tissue”). Doublet of fanon and vane.
From Middle English fane (“temple”), from Latin fānum (“temple, place dedicated to a deity”). Doublet of fanum.
chevalier
Etymology tree
Proto-Celtic *kaballosder.?
Latin caballus
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āsjos
Late Latin -āriusnom.
Late Latin -arius
Late Latin caballārius
Old French chevalier
Anglo-Norman chevalerbor.
▲
Old French chevalier
Middle French chevalierbor.
Middle English chivaler
English chevalier
From Middle English chivaler or chevaler (also shyvalere while code-switching), from Anglo-Norman chevaler or chivaler, later refashioned after French chevalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”). Doublet of caballero and cavalier.
estival
From Middle English estival, from Old French estival, from Latin aestivalis.
sanctity
From Middle English sanctity, from Old French sanctete, from Latin sānctitās.
carfax
From Middle English carfukes, an Anglicisation of Latin quadrifurcus (“four-pronged, four-forked”). Doublet of carfour.
From carfax (“a junction of four roads; the main intersection in a town”), from Middle English carfukes, an Anglicisation of Latin quadrifurcus (“four-pronged, four-forked”).
Xizang
From the Hanyu Pinyin transliteration of Chinese 西藏 (Xīzàng).
chaff
From Middle English chaf, from Old English ċeaf, from Proto-West Germanic *kaf. Cognate with Scots caff, Saterland Frisian Sääf, West Frisian tsjêf, Dutch kaf, German Low German Kaff, regional German Kaff.
importune
From Middle French importuner and its etymon Medieval Latin importūnor (“to make oneself troublesome”), from Latin importūnus (“unfit, troublesome”), originally "having no harbor".
From Middle English importune, inportune, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French importun and its etymon Classical Latin importūnus.
disturbance
From Middle English disturbaunce, from Old French destorbance, destourbance, from destourber (“disturb”), from Latin disturbō. By surface analysis, disturb + -ance.