MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
yu
Borrowed from Chinese 玉 (yù).
Borrowed from Russian ю (ju).
Transliteration:
* (Mandarin): From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin (for: ㄩˊ, ㄩˇ, ㄩˋ, ㄧㄡˊ) (余, 于, 由 (yóu), 魚 /鱼 (yú) / 鱼 (yú), 漁 /渔 (yú), 渔 (yú), 楀 (yǔ), 俞, 喻, 兪, 於 /于, 遇 (yù), 虞 (yú), 郁 (yù), 尉, 禹 (yǔ), 游 (yóu), 尤 (yóu), 庾 (yǔ), 娛 /娱, 娱, 茹)
* (Korean): From Korean 유 (yu) or 류 (ryu) (柳, 劉, 兪, 庾)
* (Japanese): From Japanese ゆう or ユウ (優, 夕, 友, 有, 勇, 祐, 裕, 雄, 悠, 由宇, 侑)
From Mandarin 盂 (Yú).
Scandinavia
Borrowed from Latin Scandināvia, from Proto-Germanic *Skadinawjō (“Scadia island”) (compare Old English Sċedeniġ, Old Norse Skáney > Swedish Skåne (“southern tip of Sweden, Scania”)), with the suffix *awjō (“island”) (compare Old English īġ, īeġ (“island”), whence dialectal modern English ey; Old Norse ey (“island”)). Doublet of Scania.
aluminum
Coined by British chemist Humphry Davy in 1812, after the earlier 1807 New Latin form alumium. By surface analysis, Latin alumen + -um
astatine
From Ancient Greek ἄστατος (ástatos, “unstable”) + -ine.
ol
From obsolete German Ol- (in Ol-Verbindungen and Olgruppen, coined by Alfred Werner in 1907), from -ol (“-ol”).
From Japanese OL (ōeru), from オフィスレディー (ofisu redī), from wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism) derived from office + lady, from English office + lady.
li
An early romanization of Chinese Mandarin 里 (lǐ). As a Korean unit, via the Yale romanization of Korean 리 (ri), from the Chinese distance.
From Mandarin 市厘 (lí).
From Mandarin 禮 /礼 (lǐ).
From Mandarin 鬲 (lì).
From Mandarin 禮 /礼 (Lǐ).
From Korean 이(李) (I) and 리(李) (Ri).
ne
From Middle English ne, from Old English ne, from Proto-West Germanic *ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *né.
Cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni), Latin nē, Sanskrit न (na), Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian and Russian не (ne), Lithuanian ne, Irish ní.
From Māori nē.
never
From Middle English nevere, navere, nævere, from Old English nǣfre (“never”), equivalent to ne + ever.
accentor
From Latin accentor (“one who sings with another”), from ad + cantor (“singer”), from canō (“sing”). Superficially accent + -or.
accede
First attested in the early 15th century. From Middle English acceden, from Latin accēdō (“approach, accede”), formed from ad (“to, toward, at”) + cēdō (“move, yield”) (English cede). Compare French accéder. Unrelated to ascend, aside from the common ad prefix.
canoe
Adopted in 16th century from Spanish canoa, from Taíno *kanowa (“dugout canoe”) (compare Lokono kanoa (“canoe”), Wayuu anuwa, anua (“boat, canoe”)), from Proto-Arawak *kanawa.
kayak
Borrowed from Inuktitut ᖃᔭᖅ (qayaq, “hunter's boat”) (Inuvialuktun), from Proto-Eskimo *qayaʁ. Compare Greenlandic qajaq and Yup'ik qayaq.
influence
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Italic *en
Proto-Italic *en-
Medieval Latin in-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.
Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH-der.
Proto-Indo-European *bʰluH-yé-ti?
Medieval Latin fluō
Medieval Latin īnfluōder.
Medieval Latin īnfluēns
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Italic *-ios
Old Latin -ios
Medieval Latin -ius
Medieval Latin -ia
Medieval Latin īnfluentiabor.
Old French influenceder.
Middle English influence
English influence
From Middle English influence, from Old French influence (“emanation from the stars affecting one's fate”), from Medieval Latin īnfluentia, from Latin īnfluēns (“flowing in”), present active participle of īnfluō (“flow into”), from in- (“in-”) + fluō (“flow”). Doublet of influenza.
dignity
Inherited from Middle English dignyte, from Old French dignité, from Latin dignitās (“worthiness, merit, dignity, grandeur, authority, rank, office”), from dignus (“worthy, appropriate”), from Proto-Italic *degnos, from Proto-Indo-European *dḱ-nos, from *deḱ- (“to take”). See also decus (“honor, esteem”) and decet (“it is fitting”). Cognate to deign. Doublet of dainty. In this sense, displaced native Old English weorþsċipe, which became Modern English worship.
esteem
First at end of 16th century; borrowed from Middle French estimer, borrowed from Latin aestimō.
See estimate and aim, an older word, partly a doublet.
sexual
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sek-der.
Proto-Indo-European *séks-u-sder.
Proto-Italic *seksus
Latin sexus
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālis
Latin sexuālisbor.
English sexual
From Latin sexuālis, from sexus (“sex”), equivalent to sex + -ual. By surface analysis, sex- + -u- + -al.
school
From Middle English scole, from Old English scōl (“place of education”), from Proto-West Germanic *skōlu, from Late Latin schola, scola (“learned discussion or dissertation, lecture, school”), from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ, “spare time, leisure”), from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold, have, possess”). Doublet of schola and shul.
Compare Old Frisian skūle, schūle (“school”) (West Frisian skoalle, Saterland Frisian Skoule), Dutch school (“school”), Low German School (“school”), Old High German scuola (“school”), German Schule (“school”), Old Norse skóli (“school”).
Influenced in some senses by Middle English schole (“group of persons, host, company”), from Middle Dutch scole (“multitude, troop, band”). See school (“group”). Related also to Old High German sigi (German Sieg, “victory”), Old English siġe, sigor (“victory”).
From Middle English scole, schole (“group of persons, multitude, host, school of fish”), from Middle Dutch scole (“multitude, troop of people, swarm of animals”), from Old Dutch *scola, *skola (“troop, multitude”), from Proto-West Germanic *skulu (“troop, group”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“crowd, people”).
Cognate with Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”), Old English scolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, school of fish”). Doublet of shoal.
sex
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sek-der.
Proto-Indo-European *séks-u-sder.
Proto-Italic *seksus
Latin sexusder.
Old French sexeder.
Middle English sexe
English sex
From Middle English sexe (“sex [distinction between male and female] and gender”), from Old French sexe (“genitals; gender”), from Latin sexus (“gender; gender traits; males or females; genitals”), from Proto-Italic *seksus, from Proto-Indo-European *séksus, from *sek- (“to cut, cut off, sever”), thus meaning "section, division" (into male and female).
Usage for women influenced by Middle French le sexe (“women”) (attested in 1580). Usage for third and additional sexes calqued from French troisième sexe, referring to masculine women in 1817 and homosexuals in 1847. First used by Lord Byron and others in English in reference to Catholic clergy. Usage for sexual intercourse first attested in 1899 (in the writings of H. G. Wells).
auspicious
From auspice + -ious, from Latin auspicium (“augury”), from auspex (“augur”), possibly via French.
links
From Scots links (“sandy, rolling ground near seashore”), linkis, from Old English hlincas (“rising grounds, hills”).
imprint
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Italic *en
Proto-Italic *en-
Latin in-
Proto-Indo-European *per-?
Proto-Indo-European *pres-der.
Proto-Italic *pres-
Latin premō
Latin imprimereder.
Old French empreindre
Old French empreinteder.
English imprint
From Old French empreinte, from the past participle of empreindre, from Latin imprimere.
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Italic *en
Proto-Italic *en-
Latin in-
Proto-Indo-European *per-?
Proto-Indo-European *pres-der.
Proto-Italic *pres-
Latin premō
Latin imprimereder.
Old French empreindre
Old French empreinterbor.
Middle English emprinten
English imprint
From Middle English emprinten, enprinten, from Old French empreinter, from the past participle of empreindre, from Latin imprimere.
kana
Borrowed from Japanese 仮名(かな) (kana, “phonetic character”, literally “borrowed character”, from the way that kana were originally Chinese characters "borrowed" for their phonetic values).
Borrowed from Japanese 香菜 (Kana).
Two main origins:
* Borrowed from Czech Káňa, a variant of Kan.
* Borrowed from Tamil கனா (kaṉā); this surname is predominantly found in Tamil Nadu.
Borrowed from Dzongkha བཀར་ན་ (bkar na).
rhea
Learned borrowing from taxonomic name Rhea, from Ancient Greek Ῥέα (Rhéa, “the mother of Zeus in Greek mythology”).
From Assamese ৰিহা (riha, “rihā”).
From Ancient Greek Ῥέα (Rhéa).
emu
Probably from Portuguese ema (“(originally) cassowary; giant rhea; (now) ostrich”).
na
From Middle English na, from Old English nā, from Old English ne (“not”) + ā (“ever”). More at no.
Borrowed from Tagalog na.
Borrowed from Hindi ना (nā).
ti
Coined by English music educator Sarah Anna Glover in 1812 as an alteration of si for her solmization, made so that every note of solfège would begin with a different letter, from Middle English si (“seventh degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian si in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the initials of Latin Sāncte Iohannēs (“Saint John (the Baptist)”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.
From a Polynesian language, related to Hawaiian kī.
pot
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *puttaz
Old English pott
Proto-Germanic *puttaz
Frankish *pottder.
Vulgar Latin pottum
Old French potbor.
Middle English pot
English pot
From Middle English pot, potte, from Old English pott (“pot”) and Old French pot (“pot”) (probably from Frankish *pott); both Old English and Frankish from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”), from Proto-Indo-European *budnós (“a type of vessel”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Pot (“pot”), Dutch pot (“pot”), German Low German Pott (“pot”), German Pott (“pot”), Swedish potta (“chamber pot”), Icelandic pottur (“tub, pot”), Old Armenian պոյտն (poytn, “pot, earthen pot”). Also, Old Norse pottr (“pot, tub, basin”).
The sense of ruin or deterioration was originally a general allusion to "being chopped up and tossed in a (normally fiery) pot, like a piece of meat" (i.e. to get wasted or done with (by someone)). The 'clean' slang term which was used in reference to toilet rooms and lavatories apparently derives from English chamberpots, although now usually encountered as potty in the context of children's toilet training.
Possibly a shortened form of Mexican Spanish potiguaya or potaguaya (“cannabis leaves”), or potación de guaya (literally “drink of grief”), supposedly denoting a drink of wine or brandy in which marijuana buds were steeped, from pota + de + guaya (see guayar (“to lament”)).
cookbook
From cook + book; possibly also a calque of German Kochbuch, from kochen (“cook”) + Buch (“book”).
almanac
From Middle English almenak, from Old French almanach, from Medieval Latin almanachus, from Andalusian Arabic الْمَنَاخ (al-manāḵ, “almanac, calendar”), from Arabic الْمُنَاخ (al-munāḵ, “climate”).
universal
From Middle English universal, from Old French universal (modern French universel), from Latin ūniversālis, equivalent to universe + -al.
declaration
From Middle English declaration, declaracion, declaracioun, from Old French declaration (French déclaration), from Latin dēclārātiōnem, accusative of Latin dēclārātiō.
drachma
Learned borrowing from Latin drachma and its etymon Doric Greek δρᾰχμᾱ́ (drăkhmā́). Doublet of dram, diram, dirham, dirhem, adarme, and dam.
tolar
From Slovene tolar, from German Taler (“made in Joachimstal”). Doublet of dollar and taler /thaler.
escudo
From Portuguese escudo (“shield”). Doublet of scutum, scute, écu, and scudo.
krona
Borrowed from Swedish krona (“crown”). Doublet of corona, crown, korona, koruna, króna, and krone.
shekel
From Hebrew שֶׁקֶל (shékel, “shekel”), from שָׁקַל (shakál, “to weigh”), from Akkadian 𒂅 (šiqlum).
markka
Borrowed from Finnish markka, from a Germanic language, likely German Mark. Doublet of mark.
afghani
Borrowed from Classical Persian افغانی (afġānī), derivative of افغان (afġān).
From Afghan + -i, or directly from Persian افغانی (“Afghan (nonstandard)”).
terminal
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-?
Proto-Indo-European *ter-?
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *térmn̥der.
Proto-Italic *termenos
Late Latin terminus
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Late Latin -ālis
Late Latin terminālisbor.
English terminal
Borrowed from Late Latin terminalis (“pertaining to a boundary or to the end, terminal, final”), from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end”). See term, terminus.
croissant
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-
Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti
Proto-Indo-European *ḱreh₁-sḱéti
Latin crēscō
Latin crēscentem
Old French creissant
Old French croisant
French croissantubor.
English croissant
Unadapted borrowing from French croissant (“crescent”), present participle of croître (“to grow”). Doublet of crescent.
tar
PIE word
 *dóru
From Middle English ter, terr, tarr, from Old English teoru, from Proto-West Germanic *teru, from Proto-Germanic *terwą, from Proto-Indo-European *derwo-, from *dóru (“tree”).
See also Saterland Frisian Taar, West Frisian tarre, tar, Dutch teer, German Teer; also Welsh derw (“oaks”), Lithuanian dervà (“pinewood, resin”), Russian де́рево (dérevo, “tree”), Bulgarian дърво́ (dǎrvó, “tree”). More at tree.
Borrowed from Persian تار (târ). Doublet of tantra.
From Arabic طار (ṭār).
cigarillo
Borrowed from Spanish cigarrillo, from cigarro (“cigar”) + -illo (“diminutive suffix”).
omicron
From Latin omicron, from Koine Greek ὂ μῑκρόν (ò mīkrón, “little o”), named in contrast with omega (“big o”). The uncommon form omicra is similarly borrowed from Latin and Greek. The use for designating stars in a constellation—typically in order of apparent brightness—began with Johann Bayer's 1603 Uranometria.
Achaea
From putative Latin *Achaea (the attested Latin word is Achaia), from Ancient Greek Ἀχαΐα (Akhaḯa).
Arcadia
From Latin Arcadia, from Ancient Greek Ἀρκαδία (Arkadía).
Not related to arcade.
Attica
From Ancient Greek Ἀττική (Attikḗ).
Boeotia
From Latin Boeotia, from Ancient Greek Βοιωτία (Boiōtía).
courtisanerie
From French courtisanerie, from Middle French, from courtisane + -erie, from Italian cortigiana, feminine of cortigiano (“courtier”), from corte (“court”).
bolt
From Middle English bolt, from Old English bolt, from Proto-West Germanic *bolt, from Proto-Germanic *bultaz, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeld- (“to knock, strike”). Compare Lithuanian beldu (“I knock”), baldas (“pole for striking”). Akin to Dutch and West Frisian bout, German Bolz or Bolzen, Danish bolt, Swedish bult, Icelandic bolti.
The association of thunder and lightning with 'bolts' is found back into prehistory in many cultures, at least in Eurasia. It comes from the long-standing widespread belief that lightning was caused by bolts, darts, or stones hurtling down from the sky to the earth. This belief was still regarded as commonplace until at least 1929.
From Middle English bulten, from Anglo-Norman buleter, Old French bulter (modern French bluter), from a Germanic source originally meaning "bag, pouch" cognate with Middle High German biuteln (“to sift”), from Proto-Germanic *buzdô (“beetle, grub, swelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūs- (“to move quickly”). Cognate with Dutch buidel.
* As an English surname, from the noun bolt, for a maker of bolts, or a nickname for a short and heavy person.
* Also as an English surname, variant of Bold.
* As a Dutch, north/Low German and Danish surname, from the old Germanic name Baldo, derived from the adjective bold and related to the above. Compare Boldt.
screw
From Middle English screw, scrue (“screw”); apparently, despite the difference in meaning, from Old French escroue (“nut, cylindrical socket, screwhole”), from Latin scrōfa (“female pig”) through comparison with the corkscrew shape of a pig's penis. There is also the Old French escruve (“screw”), from Old Dutch *scrūva ("screw"; whence Middle Dutch schruyve (“screw”)), which probably influenced or conflated with the aforementioned, resulting in the Middle English word.
more on the etymology of screw
Old French escroue (whence Medieval Latin scrofa (“nut, screwhole”)), is believed to be an adaptation of Latin scrōfa (“sow, female pig”); but this development is not found in other Romance languages. (For change in meaning, compare also Spanish puerca, Portuguese porca, both ‘sow; screw nut’, and is based on the fact that a boar's penis has a screw-like tip, making the sow's vulva equivalent to a screw nut by analogy).
Old Dutch *scrūva possibly derives from Proto-Germanic *skrūbō (“screw”), from *skru- (“to cut”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keru-, *(s)ker- (“to cut”), and is related to German Schraube (“screw”), Low German schruve, schruwe (“screw”), Dutch schroef (“screw”), West Frisian skroef (“screw”), Danish skrue (“screw”), Swedish skruv (“screw, peg”), Icelandic skrúfa (“screw”).
Compare also Occitan escrofa (“screw nut”), Calabrese scrufina (“screw nut”), which may be borrowings of the Old French word, or parallel developments.
vat
Inherited from Middle English vat, a dialectal variant of fat (“vat, vessel, cask”), from Old English fæt (“vat, vessel”), from Proto-West Germanic *fat, from Proto-Germanic *fatą (“vessel”), from Proto-Indo-European *pod- (“vessel”).
Cognate with Scots fat, vat, vautt (“vat, cask, tub”), West Frisian fet, Dutch vat (“barrel, cask, vessel, vat”), German Fass (“barrel, keg, drum, cask, vat”), Danish fad (“saucer, dish”), Swedish fat (“dish, barrel, cask, vat”), Icelandic fat (“dish, saucer”). See fat.
pint
From Middle English pinte, from Old French pinte, assumed from Vulgar Latin *pincta (“a mark used to indicate a level of quantity against a larger measure”), from Latin picta (“painted”), from Latin pingō (“paint”, verb). Doublet of pinto and Pinto.
Borrowed from Dutch Pint, a metonymic occupational surname for an official who controlled measures.
la
From Glover's solmization, from Middle English la (“sixth degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian la in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin labiī (“lip's”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.
From Middle English la, from Old English lā. More at lo.
From French la, Italian la.
From Cantonese 啦 (laa¹). Doublet of lah.
dy
From Middle English dyen, variant of dien (“to die”). More at die.
From Khmer ឌី (dii).
ho
From Middle English ho, hoo (interjection), from Old English hō, probably from Old Norse hó! (interjection, also, a shepherd's call). Compare Dutch ho, German ho, Old French ho! (“hold!, halt!”).
From Middle English howe, houwe, hoȝe, from Old English hogu and hoga, from Proto-Germanic *hugô, *hugiz, *huguz (“mind, thought, understanding”), akin to Old High German hugu, hugi (Middle High German hüge), Old Saxon hugi (Middle Dutch höghe, Dutch heug), Old Norse hugr, Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌲𐍃 (hugs).
From Middle English howen, hoȝen, hogien, from Old English hogian, hugian, from Proto-Germanic *hugjaną. Cognate with Middle Scots huik, Old High German hucken, Old Saxon huggjan, Dutch heugen, Old Norse hyggja, Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hugjan).
Borrowed from Chinese 何 (Mandarin: Hé, Cantonese: ho⁴, Hakka: Hò, Min Nan: Hô), or from Vietnamese Hồ.
lu
A romanization of Chinese 路 (lù, “route”)
From Mandarin surname pronunciations
From Hokkien 呂 /吕 (Lū).
From Mandarin 魯 /鲁 (lǔ, “Lǔ”) pronunciation of Chinese 魯 /鲁 (lǔ).
po
From Middle English po (found also in pocock), from Old English pāwa, pēa (“peacock”), from Proto-Germanic *pāwô (“peacock”), from Latin pāvō. Cognate with Dutch pauw, German Pfau. See also peacock.
From Hokkien 薄 (po̍h / po̍k, “weak”).
From Italian Po, from Latin Padus.
Tuscany
Late 14c., from Middle English Tuscan, Tuscane, from Old French Toscane or Italian Toscana, from Late Latin Tuscānus (“belonging to the Tusci”), a people of ancient Italy, from Tuscus, earlier *Truscus, shortened form of Etruscus (“Etruscan”).
Persian
From Middle English Persien, from Middle French persien, from Italian persiano, from Medieval Latin Persiānus, from Latin Persia, from Ancient Greek Περσίς (Persís), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /⁠Pārsa⁠/, “Persia”) (compare Early Classical Persian پارس (pārs) or modern Iranian Persian فارس (fârs), where the shift p > f. Equivalent to Persia + -ian.
sole
From Middle English sole, soule, from Old French sol, soul (“alone”), from Latin sōlus (“alone, single, solitary, lonely”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun). Perhaps related to Old Latin sollus (“whole, complete”), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“safe, healthy”). More at save.
From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sole, solu. Reinforced by Anglo-Norman sole, Old French sole, from Vulgar Latin *sola (“bottom of the shoe”, also “flatfish”), from Latin solea (“sandal, bottom of the shoe”), from Proto-Indo-European *swol- (“sole”). Cognate with Dutch zool (“sole, tread”), German Sohle (“sole, insole, bottom, floor”), Danish sål (“sole”), Icelandic sóli (“sole, outsole”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰 (sulja, “sandal”). Related to Latin solum (“bottom, ground, soil”). More at soil.
Compare typologically Russian по́чва (póčva) akin to подо́шва (podóšva).
From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sāl (“a rope, cord, line, bond, rein, door-hinge, necklace, collar”), from Proto-Germanic *sailą, *sailaz (“rope, cable”), *sailō (“noose, rein, bondage”), from Proto-Indo-European *sey- (“to tie to, tie together”). Cognate with Scots sale, saile (“halter, collar”), Dutch zeel (“rope, cord, strap”), German Seil (“rope, cable, wire”), Icelandic seil (“a string, line”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian dell (“sinew, vein”).
From Middle English sol, from Old English sol (“mire, miry place”), from Proto-Germanic *sulą (“mire, wallow, mud”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian soal (“ditch”), Dutch sol (“water and mud filled pit”), German Suhle (“mire, wallow”), Norwegian saula, søyla (“mud puddle”). More at soil.
From earlier sowle (“to pull by the ear”). Origin unknown. Perhaps from sow (“female pig”) + -le, as in the phrase "take a sow by the wrong ear", or from Middle English sole (“rope”). See above.
function
From Middle French function, from Old French fonction, from Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg- (“to enjoy”).
error
From Middle English errour, from Anglo-Norman errour, borrowed from Old French error, from Latin error (“wandering about”, noun), derived from the verb errō (“to wander, to err”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌴𐌹 (airzei, “error”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (airzjan, “to lead astray”). More at err. By surface analysis, err + -or (suffix forming nouns of quality, state, or condition).
am
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi
Proto-Germanic *immi
Proto-West Germanic *im
Old English eom
Middle English am
English am
From Middle English am, em, from Old English eam, eom (“am”), from Proto-West Germanic *im, from Proto-Germanic *immi, *izmi (“am”, form of the verb *wesaną (“to be; dwell”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“to be, to exist”).
Cognate with Old Norse em (Old Swedish æm (“am”)), Gothic 𐌹𐌼 (im, “am”), Ancient Greek εἰμῐ́ (eimĭ́, “am”), Old Armenian եմ (em, “am”), Albanian jam (“am”).
decigram
From French décigramme. By surface analysis, deci- + gram.
republican
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(H)reh₁-der.
Proto-Indo-European *(H)reh₁ís
Proto-Italic *reis
Latin rēs
Proto-Italic *poplosder.
Old Latin poplusder.
Old Latin poplicus
Latin pūblicus
Latin pūblica
Latin rēspūblica
Latin rēpūblicālbor.
Middle French republiquebor.
English republic
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Italic *-nos
Latin -nus
Latin -ānus
Old French -ainder.
Middle English -an
English -an
French républicainder.
English republican
From republic + -an, partly after French républicain.
democrat
From French démocrate, from démocratie (modelled on aristocrate (“aristocrat”)), equivalent to demo- + -crat.
tri
Shortening of words with the initial component derived from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes (“three”).
A Vietnamese surname.
wan
From Middle English wan, wanne (“grey, leaden; pale grey, ashen; blue-black (like a bruise); dim, faint; dark, gloomy”), from Old English wann (“dark, dusky”), from Proto-Germanic *wannaz (“dark, swart”), of uncertain origin. Cognate with Old Frisian wann, wonn (“dark”).