MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
liken
From Middle English liknen (“to be comparable; to compare (often disparagingly); to make (someone) equal to another person; to regard (something) as equal to another thing; to regard (something) as likely; to resemble; to take (something) as a substitute; to apply, be adapted or suitable; to tend (to sin)”) [and other forms], from liken (“to be comparable; to compare; to be appropriate; to form”), from lik (“alike, analogous, similar; appropriate, suitable; equal; homogeneous; identical, the same; indicative; likely (to be or do something), probable; possible; simultaneous; more or most like (?)”) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs). Lik is derived from Old English ġelīċ (“like, similar”), from Proto-Germanic *galīkaz (“like, similar; equal”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“like, similar; even, level”). The English word is analysable as like (adjective) + -en (suffix forming verbs with the sense ‘to make [adjective]’).
chrysalis
From Latin chrysalis, variant of chrȳsallis, from Ancient Greek χρυσαλλίς (khrusallís), usually derived from χρυσός (khrusós, “gold, golden”) + -αλλ- + -ις (-is, “-id: forming feminine nouns”) but compare θρυαλλίς (thruallís) and ἀρυβαλλίς (aruballís), both believed to come from a Pre-Greek substrate on the basis of their unusual endings.
frippery
From French friperie, from Old French fripier (“to rub up and down, to wear into rags”). Compare fripper.
burlesque
Borrowed from French burlesque, from Italian burlesco (“parodic”).
burnish
The verb is derived from Middle English burnishen, burnysshen (“to polish, burnish; (figuratively) to brighten, give lustre to; to clean (something) until shiny; to decorate (with something shiny), adorn”) [and other forms], from burniss-, a stem of Old French burnir (compare, for example, the first-person present singular indicative form burnis), a variant of brunir (“to make clean and shiny, polish; to make brown”) (modern French brunir), from Frankish *brūnijan (“to polish, make resplendent”), from Proto-Germanic *brūnijaną (“to decorate; tan”), from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz (“brown”, adjective), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“brown”, adjective). Unrelated to burn.
The noun is derived from the verb.
From Middle English barnishen, barnish (“to grow big (with child), to become pregnant; to grow stout or strong”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from barn (“child, offspring; infant; unborn child; human being, person; male person, man (especially a young man or young warrior)”). (from Old English bearn (“child”), from Proto-West Germanic *barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”)) + -ishen (suffix forming verbs).
shepherdess
From Middle English scheperdesse, shepperdesse; equivalent to shepherd + -ess.
calzone
Unadapted borrowing from Italian calzone (literally “stocking, trouser”). Doublet of chausson.
kinesis
Borrowed from Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “motion, movement”).
aliped
From Latin ala (“wing”) and pes (“foot”) (ali- + -ped).
neighboured
From Middle English neȝeburrede, equivalent to neighbour + -red. Cognate with Scots nechbourret.
Poindexter
From Jersey Norman Poingdestre (literally “right fist”). The sense “bookish or socially unskilled person” is from the character of the same name in the 1959 animated television series Felix the Cat, which is a revival of the original Felix the Cat animated films from 1919 to 1936. Its first use appears c. 1981 in the publication University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill Slang.
prostrate
From Middle English prostrat(e) (“prostrate”, also used as the past participle of prostraten), borrowed from Latin prōstrātus, perfect passive participle of prōsternō (“to prostrate”). Participial usage up until Early Modern English.
From Middle English prostraten (“(reflexive) to prostrate; (with doun) to fall down in a state of humility or submission”), from prostrat(e) (“prostrate, prostrated”, also used as the past participle of prostraten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), from Latin prōstrātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.
scintillate
Borrowed from Latin scintillātus, past participle of scintillāre (“to sparkle, glitter, gleam, flash”), from scintilla (“a spark”).
languid
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)leg-der.
Latin langueō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin languidusder.
Middle French languidebor.
▲
Latin languidusbor.
English languid
Borrowed from Middle French languide (“fatigued, weak; apathetic, indifferent”) (modern French languide), or from its etymon Latin languidus (“faint, weak; dull; slow, sluggish; ill, sick, unwell; (figuratively) inactive, inert, listless”), from langueō (“to be faint or weak; (figuratively) to be idle, inactive, or listless”) (from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leg-, *(s)leh₁g- (“to weaken”)) + -idus (suffix meaning ‘tending to’ forming adjectives). Doublet of languish.
Cognates
* Italian languido (“languid; languishing”)
* Portuguese lânguido (“languid; listless”)
* Spanish lánguido (“languid, weak”)
delict
Borrowed from Latin dēlīctum (“fault”), neuter of dēlīctus, past participle of delinquo (“to fail; to be lacking”), from dē- + linquō (“to leave, quit, forsake, depart from”).
stretching
From Middle English strecching, strecchinge, equivalent to stretch + -ing.
From Middle English strecchinge, strecchynge, from Old English streċċende, from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjandī, present participle of *strakkjan (“to stretch”), equivalent to stretch + -ing.
gurnard
From Middle English gurnard, from Old French gournart, from the verb gronir, from Latin grunnīre (“to grunt”). Compare French grondin (“gurnard”), which evolved in a similar way.
gudgeon
The noun is derived from Late Middle English gojoun [and other forms], from Old French gojon, goujon (“gudgeon”), from Late Latin gōbiōnem, the accusative of gōbiō, the augmentative of Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”), from Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbĭós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”), probably of Semitic origin. The English word is a doublet of goby and goujon.
The verb is derived from the noun.
From Middle English gojoun (“metal fitting with a ring at one end”) [and other forms], from Old French goujon (“dowel; pin”) [and other forms], from gouge (“gouge (tool)”) + -on (suffix forming diminutives). Gouge is derived from Late Latin gulbia, gubia (“chisel”), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”).
dodder
From Middle English daderen (“to quake, tremble”). Compare Norwegian dudra (“to tremble”).
From Middle English doder (“flax dodder”), from Middle Dutch doder, from Old Dutch *doder, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *dodr (viz. theories of origin). Cognate with Middle Low German doder, West Flemish dodder.
nankeen
Eye spelling of Nanking, itself a romanization of Chinese 南京 (Nánjīng, literally “Southern capital”).
dawning
From Middle English dawnynge, an alteration of dawing, under the influence of North Germanic cognates (compare Swedish, Danish dagning). See daw (“to dawn”).
daw
From Middle English dawe, from Old English *dāwe, from Proto-West Germanic *dāhwā. Cognate with German Dahle, Dohle, dialectal Tach.
From Middle English dawen, from Old English dagian (“to dawn”), from Proto-West Germanic *dagēn, from Proto-Germanic *dagāną (“to become day, dawn”), from *dagaz (“day”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”). More at day, dawn.
* As an English surname, from a Middle English short form of David. Also a nickname from the (jack)daw. Compare Davey, Dakin.
* Also as an English surname, from a rhyming pet form of Raw, a name related to Rauf; compare Ralph, Rawe, Rawson, Dawkins, Dawson.
* As an Arabic surname, from ضوء (“light”).
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Deaghaidh (literally “descendant of Deaghadh”), from deag (“good”) + ádh (“fate”), comparable to Goodwin.
From Burmese ဒေါ် (dau, “madam”).
Jesse
From Ancient Greek Ἰεσσαί (Iessaí), from Hebrew יִשַׁי (Yishai).
paunch
From Middle English paunche, from Old Northern French panche, Old French pance (French panse), from Latin pantex.
amphipathic
From amphi- + Ancient Greek παθικός (pathikós, “remaining passive in a sexual intercourse”), from Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides”).
hydrangea
Borrowed from taxonomic name Hydrangea, from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) + ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “vessel, capsule”). Named by Carl Linnaeus after the shape of its fruits.
coho
The earlier spelling "cohose" was re-interpreted as a plural form (for a similar development, see pea). From Halkomelem.
apotropaic
From Ancient Greek ἀποτρόπαιος (apotrópaios), from ἀπό (apó, “away”) and τρόπος (trópos, “turn”); thus meaning “causing things to turn away”, as in “turns away evil”.
semelparous
From Latin semel (“once, a single time”) + pariō (“give birth, produce, bring forth”). Coined by Lamont Cole in 1954.
iteroparous
From Latin iterum (“again, a second time”) + pariō (“give birth, produce, bring forth”). Coined by Lamont Cole in 1954.
redoubtable
The adjective is derived from Late Middle English redoutable (“worthy of honour, venerable; frightening, terrible”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman redoutable and Middle French redoutable, redoubtable, from Old French redotable (modern French redoutable), from redoter (“to fear”) (whence Middle French redoubter, redouter, French redouter) + -able (suffix meaning ‘deserving of, worthy of’). Redoter is derived from re- (intensifying prefix) + doter (“to doubt; to fear”) (from Latin dubitō (“to doubt, be uncertain, waver in opinion”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“apart, asunder; two”) + *bʰuH- (“to appear; to be; to become; to grow”), in the sense of being in two minds).
The noun is derived from the adjective.
alabaster
From Middle English alabastre, from Old French alabastre, from Latin alabaster (“box for perfumes or unguents”), from Ancient Greek ἀλάβαστρος (alábastros), from earlier ἀλάβαστος (alábastos, “vase without handles for storing perfumes”). This may further derive from Egyptian ꜥj-r-bꜣstjt (“vessel of the Egyptian goddess Bast”). The Latin suffix -aster is unrelated, but may have influenced the spelling of the borrowing from Ancient Greek (whence a direct loan could have been rendered as *alabastrus).
anesthesia
Sense of “insensibility” attested since 1679, from New Latin anaesthēsia, from Ancient Greek ἀναισθησία (anaisthēsía, “without sensation”), from ἀν- (an-, “not”) and αἴσθησις (aísthēsis, “sensation”). By surface analysis, an- + -esthesia.
Sense of “state induced by an agent” attested since 1846.
Denise
French Denise, from Latin Dionysia (feminine form of Dionysius, a male name of Ancient Greek origin meaning “follower of Dionysus”). Dionysus is the mythological Greek god of wine responsible for growth of the vines and the originator of winemaking.
son-in-law egg
Calque of Thai ไข่ลูกเขย (khai luuk kheeuy), from ไข่ (khai, “egg”) + ลูกเขย (luuk kheeuy, “son-in-law”).
midge
From Middle English mydge, migge, from Old English mygg, myċġ (“midge, gnat”), from Proto-West Germanic *muggju, from Proto-Germanic *mugjō, from Proto-Indo-European *mū- (“fly, midge”), *mu-, *mew-.
The dialectal sense of "short person" was originally figurative, and gave rise to midget (“short person”) via the diminutive suffix -et, which has since become part of standard English with that meaning; this has caused midge to undergo rebracketing as a clipping of midget.
Cognates
* Scots mige (“midge”)
* Saterland Frisian Määge (“gnat, mosquito”)
* West Frisian mich (“fly, mosquito”)
* West Flemish meezje (“midge, mosquito”)
* Dutch mug (“midge, gnat, mosquito”)
* German Low German Mügge (“midge, gnat, mosquito”)
* German Mücke (“midge, gnat, mosquito”)
* Swedish mygg, mygga (“midge, gnat, mosquito”)
* Icelandic mý (“midge, gnat, fly”)
The Proto-Indo-European root was also the source of
* Latin musca
* Ancient Greek μυῖα (muîa)
* Russian му́ха (múxa)
* Latvian muša
* Czech muchnička
* Albanian mizë
* Armenian մուն (mun)
halo-halo
From Tagalog halo-halo, a reduplication of halo (“mix”).
Isabel
From Spanish Isabel, from Old Occitan Elisabel, from Latin Elisabeth, from Ancient Greek Ἐλισάβετ (Elisábet), from Hebrew אֱלִישֶׁבַע (Elishéva, “my God is an oath”). Doublet of Elizabeth.
silkworm
From Middle English silkwirm, from Old English seolcwyrm (“silkworm”), equivalent to silk + worm.
bluebottle
From blue + bottle, after the resemblance to shiny colored-glass bottles. In sense 3 (“cornflower”), via Middle English blewbothel. Sense 6 (“police officer”) is in reference to the colour of the uniform.
taikonaut
From Mandarin 太空 (tàikōng, “space”) + -naut, modelled after astronaut, cosmonaut, spationaut, etc. The term was coined on 19 May 1998 by Chiew Lee Yih (趙里昱 (Zhào Lǐyù)) from Malaysia, who used it first in newsgroups. Almost simultaneously, Chen Lan coined it for use in the Western media.
awaken
From Middle English awakenen or awaknen, from Old English awæcnan or awæcnian, from a- plus wæcnan or wæcnian.
confinement
Borrowed from French confinement. By surface analysis, confine + -ment.
begrudge
From Middle English bigrucchen (“to grumble at”), equivalent to be- (“at, about, over”) + grudge. Compare also English begrouch.
wildness
From Middle English wildenes, wildenesse, equivalent to wild + -ness.
demolition
From Old French demolition, from Latin dēmōlītiō (“a tearing down”). Equivalent to demolish + -ion.
diffusion
Borrowed from Latin diffūsiō, from diffundō; can be decomposed as diffuse + -ion.
bazooka
From an extension of the word bazoo (“mouth, boastful talk”), which ultimately probably stems from Dutch bazuin (“trumpet”). In the finance sense first used by policymakers during the European debt crisis (2010).
Alteration of Spanish bazuco, basuco, derived from base. Doublet of basuco.
dacha
Borrowed from Russian да́ча (dáča), originally "gift, portion, land (granted by a prince)", from дать (datʹ, “to give”).
sorrowful
From Middle English sorweful, from Old English sorhful, sorgful (“full of care; anxious; sorrowful”), from Proto-Germanic *surgafullaz (“full of care; anxious”), equivalent to sorrow + -ful. Cognate with Old High German sorgfol (“careful; anxious”), Norwegian sorgfull (“sorrowful”), Icelandic sorgfullur (“lamentable”).
prescription
Borrowed from Middle French, from Old French prescripcion, from Latin praescriptio (“preface; pretext; something written ahead of time”), from prae- (“pre-, before”) + scribere (“to write”) + -tio (“-tion, forming nouns”). Equivalent to prescribe + -tion.
agathokakological
From Ancient Greek ἀγαθός (agathós, “good”) + κακός (kakós, “bad”) + -logical.
cupola
Borrowed from Italian cupola, from Latin cūpula (“little tub”); from Latin cūpa, cuppa (“cup”); named for its resemblance to a cup turned over. Doublet of cupula.
mallow
From Middle English malwe, from Old English mealwe, borrowed from Latin malva. Compare the doublet mauve.
From Irish Meallach.
jidaigeki
Borrowed from Japanese 時代劇 (jidaigeki).
amphoteric
From Ancient Greek ἀμφότερος (amphóteros, “each of two”), from ἄμφω (ámphō, “both”) + -τερος (-teros).
invoice
Borrowed from Middle French envois pl, plural of envoi, from the verb envoyer (“to send”). See also envoy.
break a leg
Unknown; many unproven and widely debated theories exist. One of the most plausible is that it comes from Yiddish הצלחה און ברכה (hatslokhe un brokhe, “success and blessing”) through the heavy Ashkenazi Jewish influence in the American theater, via the misinterpretation in German as Hals- und Beinbruch (“neck and leg fracture”). The Yiddish phrase itself comes from Hebrew הַצְלָחָה וּבְרָכָה (hatzlakhá u-v'rakhá, “success and blessing”). Another possible origin was to wish opposite luck on the performer so as not to jinx the statement.
blore
From Middle English bloren, variation of bleren, blaren, from Old English *blǣran, *blārian (“to blare, bellow, cry”). More at blare.
From Old English blōr (“swelling”).
liverwort
From Middle English lyverwort, liverwort, from Old English liferwyrt, equivalent to liver + wort, from the belief that some species looked like livers and were useful for treating the liver medicinally.
crowberry
From crow + berry; probably a calque of German Krähenbeere. Apparently so-called due to birds' fondness for the fruit. Yet the dark color (compare Old Norse blár (“blue-black, like a raven's sheen”)) may be the main or another factor; compare Inuktitut paurngaq (“crowberry”) (allegedly meaning "which looks like soot").
Kajkavian
From Serbo-Croatian kajkavski, from the regional Serbo-Croatian interrogative pronoun kaj (“what”), which is used in that region instead of the standard što.
realpolitik
Borrowed from German Realpolitik (literally “practical, realistic, fact-based, realism-based politics”).
Marco
From Romance Marco (Italian Marco, Portuguese Marco, Spanish Marco).
From Marco Polo, from Latin Marcus Paulus, from Marcus.
From Portuguese and Spanish marco, from Medieval Latin marcus, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *mark, from Proto-Germanic *marką (“mark, sign”). Compare Middle High German marc (“half-pound”), which likely influenced the Romance development. See also Old English marc, Old Norse mǫrk.
Carlo
From Italian Carlo, from Latin Carolus, from Germanic. Doublet of Charles, Carl, and Carlos.
eam
From Middle English eem, eme, from Old English ēam (“maternal uncle”), from Proto-Germanic *awahaimaz (“maternal uncle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂os (“maternal uncle, maternal grandfather”). Cognate with Scots eme (“uncle”), West Frisian iem, omke (“uncle”), Dutch oom (“uncle”), German Ohm, Oheim (“maternal uncle”), Latin avunculus (“maternal uncle”). See uncle. Doublet of oom and ohm.
welter
From Middle English welteren, equivalent to welt + -er (frequentative suffix). Cognates include German Low German weltern (“to wallow; roll”), Old Norse velta (Danish vælte), German wälzen, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (waltjan). Akin to wallow and Latin volvō.
egress
From Latin ēgressus, from ex- + gressus.
From Latin egressum, past participle egredi.
Dei gratia
From Latin Deī grātiā (“by the grace of God”).
wheresoever
From Middle English hwer se eaver, hwer-se-eaver, hwer so ever, qheresoevere, quar-sua-ever, quere-so-ever, wer so ever, wharsoever, where-sere, wheresoever, where so evere, wher ser, wher-sever, wher-so-ever, wher so evere, wher-so-evere, whe[r] so er, whor so ever. By surface analysis, where + so + ever. Cognate with West Frisian hwērsāea (“wheresoever”).
gabber
Borrowed from Dutch gabber (literally “friend”), from Yiddish חבֿר (khaver). Doublet of chaver.
vexing
From Middle English vexynge (“harassment”); equivalent to vex + -ing.
screech
1602; altered with expressive vowel lengthening from earlier skrech (1577), variant of obsolete scritch, from Middle English skriken, shrichen, schrichen (1250), from Old English (attested as scriccettan) and Old Norse skríkja, both from Proto-Germanic *skrīkijaną (compare Icelandic skríkja, Old Saxon scricōn, Danish skrige, Swedish skrika), derivative of *skrīhaną (compare Middle Dutch schriën, German schreien, Low German dial. schrien, schriegen), ultimately of imitative origin.
declivity
1610s, from French déclivité, from Latin declivitatem, dēclīvitās,
from dēclivis (“a sloping downward”), from de (“down”) + clīvus (“a slope”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleywo-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”) (English lean).
excursion
Borrowed from Latin excursiō (“a running out, an inroad, invasion, a setting out, beginning of a speech”), from excurrere (“to run out”), from ex (“out”) + currere (“to run”). By surface analysis, excurse + -ion. Compare excursus.
Lachryma Christi
From Renaissance Latin lachryma Christi, from Latin lachryma (“tears”) Chrīstī (“of Christ”).
mantis
From New Latin mantis, from Ancient Greek μάντις (mántis, “soothsayer”). Distant doublet of mind via Proto-Indo-European *méntis.
beg the question
Translating Latin petītiō prīncipiī, itself translating Ancient Greek τὸ ἐν ἀρχῇ αἰτεῖσθαι (tò en arkhēî aiteîsthai, “to assume from the beginning”).
grama
Borrowed from Spanish grama (“grass”), from Latin grāmina, plural of grāmen (“grass”).
halfway
From Middle English halfwey, from Old English healfweġ (“half-way”), equivalent to half- + way. Compare partway.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian hoolfwais (“halfway”), Dutch halfweg (“halfway”), German halbwegs (“halfway”), Danish halvvejs (“halfway”), Swedish halvvägs (“halfway”).
continuance
From Middle English continuance, contynuaunce, from Old French continuance, from continuer.
tortuous
From Middle English tortuous, tortuose, from Anglo-Norman and Old French tortuos, from Latin tortuōsus, from tortus (“a twisting, winding”).
navigate
First attested in 1588; borrowed from Latin nāvigātus, the perfect passive participle of nāvigō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from nāvis (“ship”) + -igō, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us (“boat”).
venu
From Sanskrit वेणु (veṇu, “a bamboo, reed, cane; a flute, fife, pipe”).
schlub
From Yiddish זשלאָב (zhlob, “goyish bumpkin, redneck”), derived from Polish żłób (“manger, trough; furrow, large groove in the soil”). Compare Russian жлоб (žlob). While the word is superficially similar in both meaning and sound to the common English term slob, the two words are not believed to be etymologically related.
Originated in Eastern Europe as part of klezmer musician cant (Klezmer-loshn). In its original sense, the word only applied to non-Jewish males. Strom (2002) lists "zhlobukhe-elzet" as a synonym, "zhlobevke" and "zlobike" (זלאָביקע) as female counterparts. The precise nature of the semantic leap from "manger, crib" to "boorish goy" remains unclear. In any case, by the year 1869, it had become common enough to be included in a Russian-Yiddish dictionary published in Zhytomyr. Jewish immigrants brought the word to the United States, where it is best known under the form schlub. In the Russosphere, the word жлоб (žlob, “schlub, miser”) spread seemingly through criminal slang, which is considerably influenced by the Odessan dialect of Russian.
uke
From Japanese 受け (uke), the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 受(う)ける (ukeru, “to receive, to get”).
metathesis
Borrowed from Late Latin metathesis, from Ancient Greek μετάθεσις (metáthesis), from μετά (metá, “among”) + θέσις (thésis, “placement”).
finesse
From Middle English finesse (“a degree of excellence; (of metal) fineness, purity”), from Middle French finesse, Old French finesse (“a fineness; a delicacy; slenderness”), from fine, fin (“fine, thin”) (from Latin fīnis (“an end”); compare Middle English fīn (“of superior quality; precious, valuable; admirable, pleasing; pure, refined; fineness, purity; delicate, exquisite, fine; sharp, thin”)) + -esse (suffix forming nouns describing the condition of being something). The verb is derived from the noun.
lobby
From Medieval Latin lobia, lobium, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”), related to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of leaf, lodge, and loggia.
Political sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.
lousy
From Middle English lousy, lowsy, lousi, equivalent to louse + -y.
gazetteer
The noun is borrowed from French gazettier (archaic), gazetier (“journalist, newspaperman”) + English -eer (suffix forming agent nouns denoting people associated with or engaged in a specified activities). Gazettier, gazetier are derived from gazette (“newspaper”) + -ier (suffix denoting a profession); and gazette from Italian gazzetta, from Venetan gazeta, from gazeta dele novità (literally “a gazeta of news”) (referring to the cost of the newspaper, a gazeta being a Venetian coin of little value, whence English gazet (obsolete)), possibly a diminutive of Latin gaza (“riches, treasure; treasury”), ultimately from Old Median *ganǰam (“treasure; wealth”). The English word is analysable as gazette + -eer.
The verb is derived from the noun.
capsaicin
Arbitrary alteration of earlier capsicine, capsicin (“material extracted from cayenne pepper”), presumably to prevent confusion, from German Capsicin, from New Latin capsicum + German -in. Name introduced by John Clough Thresh (1850–1932) in “Capsaicin, the Active Principle of Capsicum Fruits”.