MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
peregrination
From Late Middle English peregrinacioun, peregrinacion (“journey; pilgrimage; (figuratively) human journey through life”), from Anglo-Norman peregrinaciun (“human journey through life”), peregrination (“pilgrimage; overseas travel”), and Old French peregrinacion, peregrination (“pilgrimage; overseas travel”) (modern French pérégrination), and from their etymon Latin peregrīnātiō (“overseas sojourn or travel; (Late Latin) pilgrimage; sojourn; human journey through life”), from peregrīnātus (“living or travelling overseas”) + -iō (suffix forming abstract nouns). Peregrīnātus is the perfect passive participle of peregrīnor (“to live or travel overseas; to be overseas; to roam, rove; to be a stranger”), from peregrīnus (“alien, foreign; exotic”) (from peregrē̆ (“abroad; from abroad; heading abroad”) + -īnus (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)) + -or (suffix forming first-person singular present passive indicative verbs).
mai
Orthographic borrowing from the romanized form of Japanese マイ (mai), in turn a borrowing from English my, which it is treated as an alternate form of.
Chinese surname with several origins:
* from Mandarin 麥 /麦 (“wheat”),
* from Mandarin and Cantonese 買 /买 (maai⁵, “buy”)
* Cantonese form of 米 (see Mi).
* Romanized from 马 (mǎ) (see Ma)
* Romanized from 梅 (méi) (see Mei)
As a German surname, variant of May.
brimstone
From Middle English brymston, brimston, bremston, forms of brinston, brenston, bernston, from Old English brynstān (“brimstone”, literally “burn-stone”), equivalent to burn + stone. Cognate with Scots brunstane (“brimstone”), Icelandic brennisteinn (“sulfur / sulphur, brimstone”), German Bernstein (“amber”). Compare also brimfire. More at burn, stone. Although once a synonym for sulfur, the word is now largely restricted to poetic and Biblical usage.
paddle
Partly from the verb paddle ("to splash, dabble"; see below) and partly from Middle English padell (“small spade”).
Middle English padell is from Medieval Latin padela, itself of uncertain origin: perhaps an alteration of Middle English *spaddle (see also spaddle), a diminutive of spade; or from Latin patella (“pan, plate”), the diminutive of patina, or a merger of the two. Compare Ancient Greek πηδάλιον (pēdálion, “rudder, steering oar”), derived from πηδόν (pēdón, “the blade of an oar; an oar”).
caustic
From the Latin causticus (“burning”), from Ancient Greek καυστικός (kaustikós, “burning”), from καυστός (kaustós, “burnt”) + -ικός (-ikós).
beautify
From Middle English beutifien, from Old French beaute (“beauty”), from Latin bellus (“beautiful, fine”), + -ify, from Latin facio (“make”).
argent
From Middle English argent, from Old French argent m (“silver”), from Latin argentum n (“white money, silver”).
corrode
From Middle English corrōden, that borrowed from Old French corroder or directly from Latin corrōdere (“to gnaw”), from con- (“completely”) + rōdere (“to gnaw”).
celerity
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kel-der.
Latin celer
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ts
Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts
Proto-Italic *-tāts
Latin -tās
Latin celeritāsder.
Old French celeriteeder.
English celerity
From Old French celeritee (compare French célérité), from Latin celeritas, from celer (“fast, swift”).
auricular
Late Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin auriculāris, from auricula (“the external ear; the ear”) + -āris (“-ar”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to auricle + -ar. Doublet of auricularis.
ear finger
From Middle English ere fynger, from Old English ēarefinger (“little finger”), equivalent to ear + finger, from its use in removing wax.
leech-finger
From Middle English leche fingir, læchefinger, from Old English lǣċefinger (“fourth finger, leech-finger”), equivalent to leech (“physician”) + finger. Compare Old Norse lǽknisfingr (“leech-finger”), Icelandic læknisfingur. According to medieval belief, a nerve or artery ran from this digit to the heart. It gave the finger a prominent role in medical lore and practice. Doctors would use it when applying treatments, for example.
lickpot
From Middle English likpot; equivalent to lick + pot, presumably from the act of using a finger to clean a pot after eating.
long finger
From Middle English long fynger, longe fyngyr; by surface analysis, long + finger.
pinkie
From Dutch pinkje (literally “little finger”), which in the Holland dialects takes the form pinkie.
From Kaurna bingu.
Probably from Cumbric *pant (“hollow, depression”) + Cumbric *cin (“wedge, chisel”).
message
From Middle English message, from Old French message, from Early Medieval Latin missāticum, derived from Latin mittere (“send”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange”). Partially displaced Old English ærende (whence errand).
compunction
From Middle English compunccion, borrowed from Old French compunction, from Late Latin compunctionem (“a pricking”), from Latin compunctus, the past participle of compungere (“to severely prick”), from com- + pungere (“to prick”).
lakh
Borrowed from Hindustani लाख or لاکھ (lākh), from Sanskrit लक्ष (lakṣa), from लक्ष् (lakṣ, “to mark; to sign; to observe, perceive”), possibly from रक्ष् (rakṣ, “to observe (a duty, law, etc.); to guard, protect”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek- (“to protect”).
kludge
Perhaps from British military slang, possibly based on Scots word kludge or kludgie (“common toilet”), or perhaps from German klug (“clever”). Alternatively, possibly related to Polish klucz (“key, clue, main point”) and Russian ключ (ključ, “key, clue”).
Alternatively, perhaps from (a form related to) Germanic words such as Dutch Low Saxon klütje (“(little) dumpling, clod”), Dutch kluit(je) or Jutland Danish klyt (“piece of bad workmanship, klud(g)e”); compare and standard Danish kludder (“mess, disorder”). (Compare klutz.)
There is evidence that kluge (which see) was once a separate word with similar meaning but separate derivation, but the spelling kludge was widely popularized in the US by an article in Datamation "How to Design a Kludge" (1962), and since then the two words have often been used as alternative spellings of each other.
According to the OED, an "invented word" influenced by bodge and fudge.
cachinnate
From Latin cachinnō (“laugh aloud”), of onomatopoeic origin.
heterodox
From Ancient Greek ἑτερόδοξος (heteródoxos), from ἕτερος (héteros, “other, another, different”) + δόξα (dóxa, “opinion”).
yer
Borrowed from Russian ер (jer, “ъ”) and ерь (jerʹ, “ь”).
pukka
From Hindi पक्का (pakkā, “certain, sure”), Punjabi ਪੱਕਾ (pakkā, “mature, ripe; cooked; strong, substantial; genuine, sound, true, valid”) and Urdu پکا (pakkā, “mature, ripe; cooked; strong, substantial; genuine, sound, true, valid”), from Sanskrit पक्व (pakva, “baked, cooked, roasted”), from पचति (pacati, “to bake, cook, roast”).
putrid
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *puH-der.
Latin puter
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *-ēō
Latin -eō
Latin putreō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin putridusder.
Old French putridebor.
▲
Latin putridusbor.
Middle English
English putrid
From Middle English, borrowed from Old French putride or directly from Latin putridus (“rotten, decayed”), from putreō (“to be rotten or putrid”), from puter (“rotten, decaying, putrid”).
diatribe
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwísder.
Ancient Greek διά (diá)
Ancient Greek δῐᾰ- (dĭă-)
Proto-Indo-European *terh₁-der.
Ancient Greek τρῑ́βω (trī́bō)
Ancient Greek δῐᾰτρῑ́βω (dĭătrī́bō)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Ancient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)
Ancient Greek -η (-ē)
Ancient Greek δῐᾰτρῐβή (dĭătrĭbḗ)der.
Latin diatribader.
French diatribebor.
English diatribe
First attested 1581, borrowed from French diatribe, from Latin diatriba (“learned discussion or discourse”), from Ancient Greek διατριβή (diatribḗ, “way of spending time, lecture”), from διά (diá, “through”) + τρίβω (tríbō, “to waste, wear out”)
gumption
Borrowed from Scots gumption (“common sense, shrewdness; drive, initiative”); further etymology unknown, possibly connected with Middle English gome (“attention, heed”), from Old Norse gaumr (“attention, heed”), from Proto-Germanic *gaumō. English cognates include gaum (“to comprehend, understand”) and goam (“to recognize, see”).
esker
From Irish eiscir (“esker, glacial ridge”).
Borrowed from German Esker.
Algonquin
Etymology tree
Canadian French algonquinder.
English Algonquin
From Canadian French algonquin, from earlier algoumequin, from either Maliseet elakómkwik ("these are our relatives") or Mi'kmaq algoomeaking (“at the place of spearing fish and eels”).
fortunate
From Middle English fortunat(e) (“fortunate”), from Latin fortūnātus, from fortūna (“fortune, luck”) + -ātus (adjective-forming suffix), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). See also Middle English fortunaten (“to assure the success (of), make fortunate”); cognate with French fortuné (“lucky”). By surface analysis, fortune + -ate.
muggy
From dialectal English mug (“fog, mist; Scotch mist”) + -y, ultimately from Old Norse mugga (“drizzle, mist”); borrowed some time before 1390, when a derived verb, Middle English mugen (“of a fog: to drizzle”), is attested.
arrowhead
From Middle English arewehede, arowhede, arowheved. By surface analysis, arrow + head.
Derbyshire
Inherited from Middle English Derbyschire, from late Old English Dēorbȳsċīr; equivalent to Derby + -shire.
propel
From Middle English propellen (“drive out, expel”), from Latin propellō, from pro- (“forward”) and pellō (“to push, to move”).
reciprocal
From Latin reciprocus, possibly from a phrase such as reque proque (“back and forth, to and fro”), from re- (“back”), prō (“forwards”) and -que (“and”).
bratwurst
Borrowed from German Bratwurst. The word is partly from braten (“to fry”) + Wurst (“sausage”), and partly from an older Middle High German brātwurst, in which brāt is an unrelated word meaning “ground meat” (compare German Brät). In modern German, the term Bratwurst is used almost exclusively for sausages fried or to be fried.
malicious
From Middle English malicious, from Old French malicios, from Latin malitiōsus, from malitia (“malice”), from malus (“bad”). Displaced native Middle English ivelwilled and ivelwilly (“malicious”), related to Old English yfelwillende (literally “evil-willing”). By surface analysis, malice + -ious.
kerfuffle
Probably from Scots curfuffle, equivalent to ker- + fuffle, or related to Irish cíor thuathail (“confusion, bewilderment”). Similar to modern Welsh cythrwfl (“uproar, trouble, agitation”)
trip
From Middle English trippen (“tread or step lightly and nimbly, skip, dance”), perhaps from Old French triper (“to hop or dance around, strike with the feet”), from a Frankish source; or alternatively from Middle Dutch trippen (“to skip, trip, hop, stamp, trample”) (> Modern Dutch trippelen (“to toddle, patter, trip”)). Akin to Middle Low German trippen ( > Danish trippe (“to trip”), Swedish trippa (“to mince, trip”)), West Frisian tripje (“to toddle, trip”), German trippeln (“to scurry”), Old English treppan (“to trample, tread”). Related also to trap, tramp.
From Middle English tryppe, from Old French trippe. Possibly related to troop.
pointless
From Middle English pointles, poynteles, poyntlees. By surface analysis, point + -less.
impolite
Learned borrowing from Latin impolītus. Equivalent to im- + polite.
epenthesis
Middle of 16th century: via Late Latin, from Ancient Greek ἐπένθεσις (epénthesis), from ἐπεντίθημι (epentíthēmi, “to insert”), from ἐπί (epí) + ἐντίθημι (entíthēmi, “to put in”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put, place”).
origin
From Middle English origine, origyne, from Old French origine, orine, ourine, from Latin orīgō (“beginning, source, birth, origin”), from orior (“to rise”); see orient. Doublet of origo.
white marriage
Calque of French mariage blanc. “White” is the traditional symbol of purity and therefore of virginity. It may also refer to the absence of hymenal blood on the couple’s sheets.
uberous
Formed from Latin uber (“full, fruitful, fertile, abundant, plentiful, copious, productive”) and the suffix -ous.
uberty
From Middle French uberté, from Latin ūbertās, from ūber.
ulotrichous
From Ancient Greek οὖλος (oûlos, “crisp, curly”) + -τριχος (-trikhos, “haired”).
ultroneous
From Latin ultroneus, from ultro (“to the further side, on his part, of one's own accord”). See ultra-.
umbel
Borrowed from Latin umbella (“umbrella”). Compare umbrella, composed of the same etymological elements but formed independently.
umbellic
From Latin umbella (“a sunshade, parasol, umbrella”) + -ic.
dissembler
A modification of earlier dissimuler (from Middle English dissimulour) after resemble and semblance; equivalent to dissemble + -er.
gargoyle
From Old French gargouille, from Latin. Doublet of gargle. The Académie Française suggests the first attestation as gargoule in 1294.
desirous
From Middle English, from Old French desirrous, from desirrer + -ous.
desk
From Middle English deske, desque, from Medieval Latin desca, modified from Old Italian desco, from Latin discus. Doublet of dais, disc, discus, dish, disk, and diskos. See also German Tisch, "table".
desmoid
From Ancient Greek δεσμός (desmós, “chain, bundle”) + -oid.
despair
From Middle English dispeir, from Anglo-Norman despeir and Old French desperer (from Latin dēspērō, dēspērāre), or desesperer, from des- (“dis-”) + esperer (“hope”). See also desperate. Displaced native Old English ormōdnes (“despair”) and Old English ortrīewan (“to despair”).
despect
From Middle English despect (“contempt, spite”), from Latin dēspectus (“a looking down upon, contempt”), from dēspicere (“to look down upon, despise, scorn”), from dē (“down”) + specere (“to look at, behold”), equivalent to de- + -spect.
aconite
From French aconit, from Latin aconītum, from Ancient Greek ἀκόνιτον (akóniton).
singe
From Middle English sengen, from Old English senġan, sænċġan (“to singe, burn slightly, scorch, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *sangijan (“to burn, torch”), from Proto-Indo-European *senk- (“to burn”). Cognate with West Frisian singe, sinzje (“to singe”), Saterland Frisian soange (“to singe”), Dutch zengen (“to singe, scorch”), German Low German sengen (“to singe”), German sengen (“to singe, scorch”), Icelandic sangur (“singed, burnt, scorched”).
macaco
From Portuguese macaco (“monkey”). Doublet of macaque.
From French mococo, probably ultimately from Malagasy maka, maki (“lemur”).
alektorophobia
From Ancient Greek ἀλέκτωρ (aléktōr, “rooster”) + -phobia.
rhytiphobia
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥῠτῐ́ς (rhŭtĭ́s, “wrinkle”) + -phobia.
rhypophobia
From Ancient Greek ῥύπος (rhúpos, “filth”) + -phobia.
bibliophile
First attested in 1820. From biblio- + -phile (from Ancient Greek βιβλίον (biblíon, “paper, document, tablet”) + φίλος (phílos, “beloved”)), probably after French bibliophile.
dork
First use appears in the US c. 1961. The sense of a "silly person" is presumably from earlier use as a bowdlerization of dick (“penis”) in student slang, particularly the Midwest. Despite a common misconception, it has never referred specifically to a whale's penis, but penises in general. Alternative etymology derives from dialectal Norwegian dorg (“a mass; heap; a heavy, dimwitted, slovenly person”).
Uncertain; apparently from Scots. See dirk.
O'odham
From O'odham 'o'odham (“person, man, human being”).
Kop
From Spion Kop, from Afrikaans kop (“hill”).
From Afrikaans kop, from Dutch kop, from Middle Dutch cop.
pitchfork
From Middle English pichfork, pycchefork, pychforke, pikeforke, pikkforke, pic-forcke, equivalent to pitch + fork.
lighter
From Middle English lightere, lyghtere, equivalent to light (“to unload, lighten”) + -er. Compare West Frisian lichter (“lighter ship”), Dutch lichter (“lighter ship”), Middle Low German lichter, lüchter, lüchtære (“a small ship that lightens a load, lighter ship”).
gantry
From earlier gauntree, possibly from dialectal gaun (“gallon”) + tree, perhaps as a reinterpretation of Middle English *gaunter, from Old Northern French gantier, from Late Latin cantarium, from Latin canterius (“trellis, sort of frame”).
introduction
From Middle English introduccioun, introduccyon, borrowed from Old French introduction, itself a borrowing from Latin intrōdūctiōnem, accusative of Latin intrōdūctiō, from intrōdūcō. By surface analysis, intro- + Latin dūctiō or introduce + -tion.
bunny
From bun (“rabbit”) + -y (diminutive suffix). Probably from Scottish Gaelic bun (“bottom, butt, stump, stub”), from Old Irish bun (“the thick end of anything, base, butt, foot”), from Proto-Celtic *bonus, though its origin is uncertain. Compare also English bum. Together with rabbit, bunny has largely displaced its former rhyme cony (see cony for more).
From Middle English bony, boni (“swelling, tumor”), from Old French bugne, buigne (“swelling, lump”), from Old Frankish *bungjo (“swelling, bump”), from Proto-Germanic *bungô, *bunkô (“lump, clump, heap, crowd”). More at bunion, bunch.
From Middle English bune (“hollow stalk or stem, drinking straw”), from Old English bune (“cup, beaker, drinking vessel; reed, cane”), of unknown origin. Related to English bun, boon (“the stalk of flax or hemp less the fibre”), Scots bune, boon, been, see bun, boon. Compare also bunweed.
sunny
From Middle English sunni, from Old English *sunniġ. Cognate with West Frisian sinnich, Low German sünnig, sonnig, Dutch zonnig, German sonnig. Equivalent to sun + -y.
Murray
Scottish surname derived from the place name Moray in northeastern Scotland, from Medieval Latin Moravia, Morauia, from Scottish Gaelic Moireibh, Moireabh, Moreb, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *mori (“sea”) + *trebā (“settlement”).
Bucks
Probably an altered spelling of German Buchs or a patronymic form of Buck.
clip
From Middle English clippen, cleppen, clüppen, from Old English clyppan (“to hug, embrace, cherish, clasp”), from Proto-Germanic *klumpijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glemb-, *glembʰ- (“lump, clump, clod, clamp”). Cognate with Old Frisian kleppa, klippa (“to hug, embrace”), Middle High German klimpen, klimpfen (“to contract tightly, constrict, squeeze”).
From Middle English clippen, from Old Norse klippa (“to clip, cut the hair, shear sheep”). Cognate with Icelandic klippa (“to clip”), Swedish klippa (“to clip”), Danish klippe (“to clip”), Norwegian Bokmål klippe (“to clip”).
swordfish
From Middle English swerdfysche, from Old English *sweordfisċ. Equivalent to sword + fish.
myria-
From French myria-, ultimately from Ancient Greek μυρίος (muríos, “ten thousand”).
protrude
Learned borrowing from Latin prōtrūdere, the present active infinitive of prōtrūdō (“to push or thrust forwards; to protrude”), from prō- (“prefix denoting a forward direction or movement”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forward; toward”)) + trūdō (“to push, shove, thrust”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push, thrust”)).
abigeat
From Latin abigeatus, from the verb ab agō (“to drive”).
ichneumon
Learned borrowing from Latin ichneumōn, from Ancient Greek ἰχνεύμων (ikhneúmōn, “tracker”), from ἴχνος (íkhnos, “track, footstep”).
sanidine
From Ancient Greek σανίς (sanís, “board”) + -ine.
mantilla
Borrowed from Spanish mantilla (“large veil; small cape”), from manta (“blanket, cloth, cloth banner”) + -illa (diminutive).
hologram
From holo- + -gram, from Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”) + γρᾰ́μμᾰ (grắmmă, “that which is written or drawn”), coined by Hungarian-born British scientist Dennis Gabor in 1948, the Nobel prize winner in physics in 1971 for his work in holography.
mediation
From Middle English mediacion, mediacioun, medyacion, medyacyoun from Middle French mediacion and its etymon Late Latin mediātiō, from mediārī (“intervene”), from Latin medius (“middle”). By surface analysis, mediate + -ion.
fantastic
Borrowed from Middle French fantastique, borrowed from Late Latin phantasticus, borrowed from Ancient Greek φᾰντᾰστῐκός (phăntăstĭkós, “imaginary, fantastic; fictional”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). Equivalent to fantasy + -tic. Doublet of fantastique.
wonderful
From Middle English wonderful, wondirful, from Old English wundorful (“wonderful”), from Proto-West Germanic *wundrafull, equivalent to wonder + -ful. Cognate Dutch wondervol (“wonderful”), German wundervoll (“wonderful”). Compare Old English wuldorfull (“glorious”).
extensible
Borrowed from Latin extēnsibilis, from extendō (“to extend”).
reticence
The noun is borrowed from Middle French réticence (“act of keeping silent, silence; reserve; aposiopesis”) (modern French réticence (“tight-lippedness, reticence”)), or derived from its etymon Latin reticentia (“act of keeping silent, silence; aposiopesis”), from reticēns (“keeping silent, reticent, silent; keeping secret, concealing”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Reticēns is the present active participle of reticeō (“to keep silent; to keep secret, conceal”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + taceō (“to be silent, keep quiet”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tak- or *tHk-). The English word is cognate with Italian reticenza (“reticence”), Portuguese reticência, Spanish reticencia (“reticence; reluctance”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
taciturnity
From Middle English taciturnite, or alternatively from taciturn + -ity; both ultimately from Latin taciturnitās.
granite
From French granit (“granite”), from Italian granito (“granite”), from granire (“to granulate”), from grano (“grain”), from Latin grānum (“grain”). Compare granita.
pegmatite
From Ancient Greek πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to attach, join”) + -ite
supra
Borrowed from Latin suprā.
From Georgian სუფრა (supra).
calcareous
Learned borrowing from Latin calcārius (“of or pertaining to lime”), derived from calx (“lime”). Similar to calcium.
diptych
From Late Latin diptycha, plural, from Ancient Greek, neuter plural of δίπτυχος (díptukhos, “folded, doubled”), from δι- (di-) + πτυχή (ptukhḗ, “fold, layer”).
eon
From Latin aeon, from Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn, “age, era”).
From Greek ΕΟΝ (EON), short for Εθνική Οργάνωση Νεολαίας.
hyaline
From Latin hyalinus, from Koine Greek ὑάλινος (huálinos), from ὕαλος (húalos, “glass”).
aeon
From Latin aeon, from Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn, “age, era”).
barmy
From barm (“foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, and used as leaven”) + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives). Barm is derived from Middle English berm, berme (“foam rising upon ale or beer fermenting; leaven, yeast; foam or head of beer produced by pouring”) [and other forms], from Old English beorma (“foam or head of beer; leaven, yeast”), from Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“barm; yeast”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil; to brew”) or *gʷʰer- (“warm; hot”).
Borrowed from Russian бармы (barmy).
mandate
First attested in 1521; borrowed from Latin mandātum (“a charge, order, command, commission, injunction”), substantivized from the neuter forms of mandātus, perfect passive participle of mandō (“to commit to one's charge, order, command, commission, literally to put into one's hands”) (see -ate (noun-forming suffix)), from manus (“hand”) + -dere (“to put”).
Sense 3 in Canadian English is likely a semantic loan from French mandat.
First attested in 1623; partly directly borrowed from Latin mandātus (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more), partly from the above noun by metanalysis.
mischievous
From Middle English myschevous, mischevous, from Anglo-Norman meschevous, from Old French meschever, from mes- (“mis-”) + chever (“come to an end”) (from chef (“head”)). By surface analysis, mischief + -ous.
envious
From Middle English envious, from Anglo-Norman envious, from Old French envieus, envious (modern French envieux), from Latin invidiōsus; more at envy. Doublet of invidious, borrowed directly from Latin. Displaced native Old English æfestiġ.
spiteful
From Middle English spytefulle. By surface analysis, spite + -ful.
ignorance
From Middle English ignoraunce, ignorance, from
From Old French ignorance, from Latin ignōrantia. By surface analysis, ignor(e) + -ance.