MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
live and let live
Possibly a calque of Dutch leven en laten leven, which was mentioned by Gerard de Malynes in a 1622 book about trade law (in the then-current spelling leuen ende laeten leuen).
Christingle
Uncertain; according to the Oxford English Dictionary, possibly from dialectal German Christkindl, Christkindle (“the Christ child, believed to deliver presents to children on Christmas Eve; the presents so brought”), from Christ (“Christ”) + Kindl, Kindle (dialectal diminutive of Kind (“child”)). The -ingle portion of the word may be a corruption of Kris Kringle (“Santa Claus”) (also derived from German Christkindl, Christ Kinde) among the German community in the United States.
kier
Borrowed from Old Norse ker (whence also Icelandic ker (“tub”)).
Dianetics
Coined by author and Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard from Ancient Greek διά (diá, “through”) + νοῦς (noûs, “mind”); an alteration of dianoetic. Literally, “through the soul”.
spindrift
Borrowed from Scots spindrift; further etymology uncertain. The Oxford English Dictionary suggests it is a variant of spoondrift (archaic), apparently due to the pronunciation of this word in southwestern Scotland, which is derived from spoon + drift (“mass of matter driven or forced onward together in a body, etc., especially by wind or water”); spoon is a variant of spoom (“to sail briskly with the wind astern, with or without sails hoisted”). However, this is doubted by the Scottish National Dictionary because spoondrift is attested later than spindrift and it seems unlikely that the Scots spelling would have superseded the English one, and because the early use of the Scots word in the form spenedrift by James Melville (1556–1614) is unlikely to have derived from spoondrift.
The word was popularized in English from the late 19th century by its use in the novels of the Scottish-born author William Black (1841–1898): see, for example, the 1878 quotation.
aletophyte
From Ancient Greek ἀλήτης (alḗtēs, “wanderer, vagrant”) + -phyte (“plant”).
archaeophyte
From archaeo- (“ancient; early”) + -phyte (“a plant that grows in a specified habitat”). Archaeo- is derived from Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos, “ancient, primeval”), from ᾰ̓ρχή (ărkhḗ, “beginning, origin”) (from ἄρχω (árkhō, “to begin; to command, rule”) + -ῐος (-ĭos, “suffix forming adjectives”); while -phyte is from Ancient Greek φῠτόν (phŭtón, “plant; tree”), from φῠ́ω (phŭ́ō, “to arise, grow, spring up”) + -ον (-on, “suffix forming nouns”).
darkish
From Middle English derkish, derkissh, derkyss; equivalent to dark + -ish.
skift
From Scots skift (“light shower of rain or snow”), related to skiff (“light rain, snow, etc”) (which see for more) and skiffle.
Angeline
Borrowed from French Angeline.
Americanized form of Italian Angelini.
Thea
Shortened from Dorothea and Theodora, ultimately from Ancient Greek θεά (theá, “goddess”).
tamales
From Spanish tamales. As the plural of tamale, partly also regularly formed from tamale + -s.
tongued
From Middle English tonged, tunged, equivalent to tongue + -ed. Compare Old English ġetynġe (“skilled with speech, talkative, eloquent”).
res publica
Unadapted borrowing from Latin rēs pūblica. Doublet of republic.
corf
From Middle English corf, borrowed from Middle Low German korf or Middle Dutch korf, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *korb.
Govinda
PIE word
 *gʷṓws
From Sanskrit गोविन्द (Govinda, “finder of cows”).
konak
From Ottoman Turkish قوناق (konak, “mansion, station, inn”).
gibanica
From Serbo-Croatian gìbanica/гѝбаница, from gíbati/ги́бати (“to sway, rock, swing; fold”), originally meaning "folded pie".
rubl
From Russian рубль (rublʹ).
From Tajik рубл (rubl).
involucrum
Borrowed from Latin involūcrum. Doublet of involucre.
jacaranda
From Portuguese jacarandá, from Old Tupi îacaranda.
marg
From Hindi मार्ग (mārg). Doublet of marga.
durva
From Sanskrit दूर्वा (dūrvā). Doublet of doob as in doob grass.
reh
From Hindi रेह (reh, “salt marsh”); compare Sanskrit रेणु (reṇu, “grain of salt, dust, powder”).
prosodic
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *-ti
?
Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti
Ancient Greek πρός (prós)
Proto-Hellenic *awéidō
Proto-Hellenic *-ā́
Proto-Hellenic *awoidā́
Ancient Greek ᾰ̓οιδή (ăoidḗ)
Ancient Greek ᾠδή (ōidḗ)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Proto-Hellenic *-íā
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (prosōidĭ́ā)bor.
Latin prosōdiabor.
Middle French prosodieder.
English prosody
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
▲
Classical Latin prosōdia
▲
English -ic
▲
Latin prosōdiabor.
French prosodie
▲
Old French -ique
Middle French -ique
French -ique
French prosodiqueder.?
New Latin prosōdicusder.?
English prosodic
From prosody or its etymon Classical Latin prosōdia + -ic, probably after French prosodique, New Latin prosōdicus.
Jacobin
From Middle English Jacobin, from Old French jacobin, from Latin Jācōbīnus, from Latin Jācōbus (“James, Jacob, etc.”) + -īnus (“-ine: forming adjectives”), from Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Biblical Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Ya'akóv), q.v. In reference to the Dominican Order, from the proximity of their 1218 chapel and chapter house in Paris to the city's Porte Saint-Jacques, whose road formed an extension of the Way of St. James running to Santiago de Compostela, Spain. In reference to the Jacobin Club, from its 1789 founding at the former Dominican convent. In reference to the Syrian church, from Jacob bar Addai, bishop of Edessa during the mid-6th century.
From Jacobin, q.v. In reference to birds, via French jacobine, from a supposed resemblance to the Dominicans' formerly standard hood or coloring. In reference to soup, via French soupe à la Jacobine.
Sender
Borrowed from German Senden, a municipality of North Rhine-Westphalia, or a pet form of Alexander.
bethinking
From Middle English bithenking, bithenkyng, bithenkynge, beþenchinge, equivalent to bethink + -ing.
From Middle English bythenkynge, from Old English *beþenċende (compare Old English þenċende, ymbþenċende), equivalent to bethink + -ing.
fufu
Borrowed from Japanese ふふ (fufu, onomatopoeia for laughter).
Hildegard
Borrowed from German Hildegard in the 19th century; ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *Hildigardu.
Mangold
* As an English surname, variant of Mangnall (see Mangel).
* As a German surname, from an old Germanic name composed of the elements *manag (“many”) + *wald (“rule”).
Pax Romana
Learned borrowing from Latin Pāx Rōmāna, from pāx (“peace”) + Rōmāna (“Roman”), apparently coined by Seneca the Younger in 55 AD and popularized in English by Edward Gibbon in his publication Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776).
Pax Americana
From Latin pāx (“peace”) + Americāna (“American”) after the model of the imperial Roman Pāx Rōmāna and earlier British Pāx Britannica.
Pax Britannica
Learned borrowing from New Latin Pax Britannica, from pāx (“peace”) + Britannica (“British”) after the model of the imperial Roman Pāx Rōmāna. Earliest recorded use is in 1871 in a work by the British jurist and historian Sir Henry James Sumner Maine.
cranidium
Latinized form of Ancient Greek κρανίδιον (kranídion, “small skull”), from κρανίον (kraníon) + -ίδιον (-ídion).
souple
Borrowed from French souple; a doublet of supple.
Borrowed from Middle Scots sowpill, from Middle English swepels, from swepen + -els; a doublet of swipple.
cabrales
Borrowed from Spanish cabrales. The milk of the cheese comes from cows farmed in the Asturian municipality of Cabrales.
Boten
Borrowed from Lao ບໍ່ເຕັນ (Bǭ ten).
crowdie
Alteration of Early Scots crud (“curd”), cognate with Early Modern English and Middle English crud, crudde (14th c.), crodde, of unknown origin.
Alhambra
Borrowed from Spanish Alhambra, from Arabic الْحَمْرَاء (al-ḥamrāʔ, “the red (fortress)”).
schizochroal
Coined by Clarke in 1888 (see citation), from Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) + χρώς (khrṓs, “surface”).
ichthys
From Ancient Greek ΙΧΘΥΣ (IKHTHUS, “fish”), which also served (repurposed) as an acronym (ΙΧΘΥΣ (IKHTHUS)) for Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, Θεοῦ Υἱός, Σωτήρ (Iēsoûs Khristós, Theoû Huiós, Sōtḗr, “Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior”).
khula
Borrowed from Arabic خُلْع (ḵulʕ).
puttock
From Middle English puttock, puttok, potok, puttoc, of uncertain origin; perhaps representing an unattested Old English *putta (“hawk”) + -ock; or perhaps from Old English *pūthafoc (literally “pout-hawk”), equivalent to pout (“a kind of fish”) + hawk. Compare also pout (“a young bird”), poult.
San Marcos
Borrowed from Spanish San Marcos (“Saint Mark”), various places usually named in honor of Mark the Evangelist.
Qallunaat
Borrowed from Inuktitut ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ (qallonaat), "outstanding eyebrows"
qipao
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 旗袍 (qípáo).
annal
Back formation from annals, borrowed from Middle French, from Latin annales (“annals”), from annus (“year”).
From Latin annālis (“yearly, annual”).
shapen
From Middle English schapen, ischepen, from Old English ġesċapen, from Proto-Germanic *skapanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *skapaną, equivalent to shape + -en (past participle ending).
wayfare
From Middle English weyfaren, originally in participle form weyfarand, from Old English weġfarende (“wayfaring”), equivalent to way + faring. Cognate with Danish vejfarende (“wayfaring”), Swedish vägfarande, German wegfahren (“to drive away”), Icelandic vegfarandi (“wayfaring”). More at way, fare.
naka
Borrowed from Hindustani نَاکَا (nākā) / नाका (nākā).
Luwian
From Luwia, part of Asia Minor, + -ian. For the first element see Ancient Greek Λυδός (Ludós).
hodiernal
From hodiern (“of this day, present-day”) + -al (suffix forming adjectives). Hodiern is derived from Latin hodiernus (“of today, today’s; present, present-day; actual”), from hodiē (“today”) (from hōc (“this (thing)”) + diē (“day”) (ultimately Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to be bright; heaven, sky”))) + -rnus (suffix forming adjectives).
psyllium
From Latin psyllium, from Ancient Greek ψύλλιον (psúllion, “fleawort”), from ψύλλα (psúlla, “flea”) + -ιον (-ion, forming neuter diminutives).
abstentionism
From French abstentionnisme. By surface analysis, abstention + -ism.
groundsel
From Middle English grundeswülie, from Old English grundeswyliġe, grundeswelġe (“groundsel”), from grunde (“ground, bottom, abyss”) + swelge (“to swallow, to eat up”).
foresaid
From Middle English foresaid (past participle of foresayen). By surface analysis, fore- + said. More at foresay.
quilombo
Etymology tree
Kimbundu kilombobor.
Portuguese quilombobor.
Kimbundu kilombobor.
English quilombo
From Portuguese quilombo, and its source Kimbundu kilombo (“refuge, encampment”).
Cape Horn
Ultimately from Dutch Kaap Hoorn, named after the hometown and flagship (both Hoorn) of Willem Schouten, who was the first to sail around the cape into the Pacific Ocean in 1616.
junt
Apparently a figurative extension of Early Scots junt (“joint”), Middle English joynt, junte (“joint (of the body, where the bones meet)”), perhaps influenced by junk. Compare jawn.
seva
From Sanskrit [Term?]
Romanization of Russian Се́ва (Séva), a diminutive of Все́волод (Vsévolod)
Greve
* As a north/Low German, Dutch and North Germanic surname, from the noun greve (“count”).
* Also as a Dutch surname, from the Middle Dutch noun greve (“moat, ditch”), related to the verb graven (“to dig”).
* As an English surname, from Middle English greve (“wood thicket”), or a variant of Grieve.
quinzhee
Borrowed from South Slavey kǫ́ yíi (“in the house”).
zindabad
Borrowed from Hindustani ज़िंदाबाद (zindābād) / زندہ باد (zinda bād, “long live”), from Classical Persian زنده باد (zinda bād).
subvention
From Middle French subvention, from Late Latin subventio, from Latin subvenio (assist).
abri
Borrowed from French abri (“shelter”), from Old French abrier (“to shelter”), see below.
ascesis
Learned borrowing from Late Latin ascesis, or directly from its etymon, Ancient Greek ἄσκησις (áskēsis, “exercise, training”), from ἀσκέω (askéō, “to exercise, practise, train”) + -σῐς (-sĭs, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process).
krama
Borrowed from Khmer ក្រមា (krɑɑmaa).
anthropophobia
From anthropo- + -phobia. Both elements are borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man, human”) + φόβος (phóbos, “fear”) respectively.
chatoyant
From French chatoyant, present participle of chatoyer (“to iridesce, like a cat's eye”), from chat (“cat”, because of the reflective qualities of a cat's eye).
chondrule
A diminutive from Ancient Greek χόνδρος (khóndros, “grain”), in imitation of granule. By surface analysis, chondr- + -ule.
ureilite
From Russian урейлит (urejlit), named after the Mordovian village of Novy Urey, where a meteorite of this type fell on 4 September 1886.
palacsinta
From Hungarian palacsinta. Doublet of palatschinke and placenta.
hoit
Unknown. Possibly from Old Norse, or a native Old English term. Perhaps somehow from Middle English hote (“to promise, etc.”).
Compare Welsh hoetian (“to dally, dandle”), as well as Scots hoit (“to move awkwardly or clumsily, especially of a stout person or animal, to waddle”), which may be more plausible (especially in sense 2).
Lares
From Latin Lares, plural form of lār, from Etruscan [Term?].
amygdale
From French amygdale, from Medieval Latin amygdala, from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē, “almond”). Doublet of almond, amygdala, and mandorla.
From Latin amygdala, from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē, “almond”), named for the almond shape.
ghibli
From Italian ghibli, from the Libyan Arabic form of Standard Arabic قِبْلِيّ (qibliyy, “coming from the qibla”), pronounced with an initial [ɡ] in Libyan Arabic. Distant doublet of cabal.
esne
Learned borrowing from Old English esne, from Proto-West Germanic *asnī, from Proto-Germanic *asnijaz (“day labourer, hireling”), from Proto-Germanic *asniz, *asunz (“reward”), from Proto-Indo-European *os(e)n-, *es(e)n- (“summer, harvest, harvest-time”). Related to Old English earnian (“to labor for, strive after, deserve as the reward of labor, merit, earn, win”). More at earn.
souk
Borrowed from French souk, from Arabic سُوق (sūq, “market”). More at souq.
merguez
From French merguez, from Algerian Arabic مرقاز (margāz).
Galapagos
Etymology tree
Paleo-Hispanicder.
Old Spanish galapago
Spanish galápagoder.
English Galapagos
From Spanish islas Galápagos and provincia de Galápagos.
mought
Inherited from Middle English moghte, from Old English muhte, late variant of meahte, mihte (“might”) due to the influence of the infinitive *mugan, itself an analogical remodelling of magan (“to be capable, to be able to”) after dugan (“to be useful”).
scrutate
From Latin scrūtātus, perfect passive participle of scrūtor (“to search”).
waiteth
From Middle English waiteth, waiteþ, waitet, equivalent to wait + -eth.
Yamada
Borrowed from Japanese 山(やま)田(だ) (Yamada).
tee hee
From Middle English tehee, te he, ti he, alteration of hehe, from Old English he he (“hee hee”).
frot
From Middle English frotten, froten, from Old French froter (“to rub, polish”), of obscure origin.
grand jury
From Middle English graunde jurie, from Anglo-Norman graund juree. Named because it typically has more jurors than the petit jury.
petit jury
From Middle English petite jury, petit jury, from Anglo-Norman [Term?].
wafter
Alteration of Middle English waughter, from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German wachter (“a guard”), from wachten (“to guard”).
Zamboni
From the surname of the inventor, Frank J. Zamboni, and his brand of such machines. Zamboni was originally (and may still be) a trademark of Frank J. Zamboni & Co. Inc.. Its use in the general sense is an example of trademark erosion. The surname itself is of Italian origin, as a northeastern dialectal variant (possibly Venetan) of Giambono, comprised of a reduced form of Gianni (from Giovanni (“John”)) + Bono or buono (“good”). Frank Zamboni's father originated from Arsio in Trentino, northern Italy.
edulcorate
From Medieval Latin ēdulcōrō. Compare French édulcorer.
Komodo
Borrowed from Indonesian pulau Komodo (literally “Komodo Island”). The name is from the island's indigenous (Austronesian) name in Komodo, Tana Modo (“the land of Modo”), used by the native Ata Modo people.
drachme
Borrowed from French drachme or directly from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ).
cold as ice
From Middle English cold as ise, cold as yse, colde as ise.
righter
From Middle English *rightere, from Old English rihtere (“a ruler; director”), from Proto-Germanic *rehtārijaz, equivalent to right + -er (agent suffix). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gjuchter (“one who makes right; judge”), West Frisian rjochter (“one who makes right; judge”), Dutch rechter (“one who makes right; judge”), German Low German Richter (“one who makes right; judge”), German Richter (“one who makes right; judge”), Icelandic réttari (“a justiciary”).
From Middle English rightere, rihtere, from Old English rihtra, comparative of riht (“right”), equivalent to right + -er (comparative suffix).
sympiezometer
Irregular formation from Ancient Greek συμπίεσις (sumpíesis, “compression”) + -o- + -meter.
reapeth
From Middle English repeth, from Old English rīpþ, from Proto-Germanic *rīpidi (“reapeth; reaps”), equivalent to reap + -eth.
hapkido
From Korean 합기도(合氣道) (hapgido). Doublet of aikido.
cribble
Borrowed from French crible, from Late Latin criblus (“sieve”).
latrant
From Latin lātrans (“barking, ranting”), present participle of lātrāre (“to bark, to rant”). Equivalent to latrate + -ant.
Joumana
Borrowed from Arabic جُمَانَة (jumāna), meaning a perfect pearl.
haroseth
From Hebrew חֲרֽוֹסֶת, from חרס (cheres, “clay”).
shoeless
From Middle English sholes, scholes, equivalent to shoe + -less. Compare Dutch schoenloos (“shoeless”), German schuhlos (“shoeless”), Old Norse skólaus (“shoeless”).
hopak
1925–30, from Ukrainian гопа́к (hopák), from the interjection гоп (hop).
Compare Ukrainian го́пати (hópaty), го́пкати (hópkaty), гопцюва́ти (hopcjuváty), го́пки (hópky), and dated Ukrainian го́пи (hópy, “dance steps”), го́пка (hópka, “child (jocular)”).
tarboosh
From Arabic طَرْبُوش (ṭarbūš).
semola
Borrowed from Italian semola, from Latin simila (“fine flour”). Doublet of semla and semel.
feu-de-joie
Borrowed from French feu de joie (literally “fire of joy”).
Polabian
From the name of Polabian tribes, which in turn derives from the name of the Elbe river in Slavic languages (cp. Polish Łaba, Czech Labe), and possibly ultimately from Proto-Slavic *po.
Bassin
Two possible origins:
* Jewish metronymic surname from an Yiddish pet form of the personal name Bathsheba.
* Borrowed from French Bassin, a metonymic occupational surname for a maker or seller of basins, from bassin (“small basin”).
buro
Borrowed from French bureau (“desk”, earlier “coarse cloth (as desk cover), baize”), from Old French burel (“woolen cloth”), diminutive of *bure (compare Middle French bure (“coarse woolen cloth”), French bourre (“hair, fluff”)), from Late Latin burra (“wool, fluff, shaggy cloth, coarse fabric”); akin to Ancient Greek βερβέριον (berbérion, “shabby garment”).
ropy
From Middle English ropy, from Middle English rop + -y, equivalent to rope + -y.
From Scots roupy (“husky; hoarse”), from Scots roup (“hoarseness, huskiness, any inflamed condition of the throat”).
colligation
From Latin colligātiō. By surface analysis, colligate + -ion.
Ajay
Transliteration of Bengali অজয় (ojoẏ), from Sanskrit अजय (ajaya).
vakil
Borrowed from Urdu وکیل / Hindi वकील (vakīl), from Arabic وَكِيل (wakīl, “agent”).
Borrowed from Hindi वकील (vakīl, “lawyer”), itself from Arabic وَكِيل (wakīl).
Janjaweed
Borrowed from Arabic جَنْجَوِيد (janjawīd), from Persian جنگوی (jangavi, “warrior”), influenced by Arabic جَوَاد (jawād, “horse”).
Hillary
From Latin Hilarius or Hilaria, from hilare (“cheerfully”) (compare English hilarious).
eroteme
From Ancient Greek ἐρώτημα (erṓtēma).
kaza
From Ottoman Turkish قضا (kaza, “division of a sanjak”), from Arabic قَضَاء (qaḍāʔ, “jurisdiction, court circuit”), from قَضَى (qaḍā, “to decide, to judge”).
Swissess
From Swiss + -ess, perhaps with influence from French Suissesse.
Darfur
Borrowed from Arabic دار فور (Dār Fūr, “land of the Fur”).
contrapposto
Borrowed from Italian contrapposto (“contrasting; opposing”, adjective), the past participle of contrapporre (“to set against, counter”), from Latin contrāpōnere, the present active infinitive of contrāpōnō (“to oppose; to place opposite”), from contrā (“against; contrary to”) + pōnō (“to place, put”).
The plural form contrapposti is borrowed from Italian contrapposti, the masculine plural form of contrapposto.
contrapposti
Borrowed from Italian contrapposti, the masculine plural form of contrapposto.
khitmatgar
Borrowed from Hindustani خدمتگار (xidmatgār) / ख़िदमतगार, from Classical Persian خدمتگار (xidmatgār).
jadoo
From Hindustani जादू / جادو (jādū), from Classical Persian جَادُو (jādū).
thermantidote
From Ancient Greek θέρμη (thérmē) + antidote.
bunnia
Borrowed from Hindi बनिया (baniyā), ultimately from Sanskrit वणिज् (vaṇij). Doublet of banyan.
apophony
From French apophonie, from French apo- + Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”), after Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-, “away, from, off”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).
semsemia
Borrowed from Arabic سِمْسِمِيَّة (simsimiyya).
parembole
Borrowed from Ancient Greek παρεμβολή (parembolḗ, “throwing in”).
milchig
From Yiddish מילכיק (milkhik) with the spelling influenced by German, or else borrowed directly from German milchig (“milky”). Doublet of milky.
fleischig
From Yiddish פֿליישיק (fleyshik, “meaty”). Spelling influenced by German fleischig (“meaty”). Doublet of fleshy.
almsman
From Middle English allmsman, almosman, almesmann, from Old English almesmann, equivalent to alms + man.
stellate
Borrowed from Latin stēllātus (“starry”), from stēlla (“star”) + -ātus (“-ate”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to stell(a) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
benihana
Named after the Benihana restaurant chain, from Japanese 紅花 (“safflower”).
Internationale
Borrowed from French internationale, the original title of Pierre De Geyter's song (L'Internationale).
Yankunytjatjara
From Yankunytjatjara Yankunytjatjara, from yankunytja + tjara, literally 'having (the word) "yankunytja" (as opposed to the word pitjantja)'.
Kempten
From German Kempten, from Middle High German Kemptun, from Medieval Latin Campidona, Latin Campodūnum, from Gaulish Καμβοδουνον (Kambodounon), from Proto-Celtic *kambos (“crooked”) + *dūnom (“fortress”).
Passau
From German Passau. Doublet of Batavia and Betawi.
Brandenburg an der Havel
Unadapted borrowing from German Brandenburg an der Havel.
Bayonne
From French Bayonne. The first element of the name is variously said to be Basque or Latin; the second element is Basque on (“good”). More at Bayonne. Also compare Latin baia.
Oldenburg
From German Oldenburg. Related to Aldborough, Aldbrough, Aldeburgh, Aldbury and Oldbury.
Flensburg
From Danish Flensborg, from Old Norse flói (“gulf, marsh”) + Old Norse nes (“point”) + borg. See Flensborg.
Gera
Borrowed from German Gera.
Various origins:
* Borrowed from Punjabi ਗੇੜਾ (geṛā).
* Borrowed from Hungarian Gera or Géra.
soucoupe
From French soucoupe, ellipsis of soucoupe plongeante (“diving saucer”).
lanate
First attested in 1760; borrowed from Latin lānātus (“woolly”), from lāna, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
ifrit
From Arabic عِفْرِيت (ʕifrīt).
Mizrachi
Borrowed from Hebrew מזרחי (mizrakhí, “eastern, easterner”).
abat-vent
Borrowed from French abat-vent, from abattre (“to throw down”) + vent (“wind”), from Latin ventus.
cecidium
From Ancient Greek κηκίδιον (kēkídion, “ink-gall”), from κηκίς (kēkís).
chinone
From a Latinised form of Spanish quinina (“quinine”), + -one.
Sansone
Borrowed from Italian Sansone, from Hebrew שִׁמְשׁוֹן.
septagon
From Latin septagōnus. By surface analysis, septa- + -gon.
Auschwitz
Borrowed from German Auschwitz, the German name for the town known in Polish as Oświęcim, which the concentration camp was near.
cymotrichous
From Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma, “wave”) + Ancient Greek τριχ- (trikh-), stem of θρίξ (thríx, “hair”), + English -ous. By surface analysis, cymo- + trich- + -ous.