MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Woodlock
From an Old English personal name Wudulāc, composed of the elements wudu (“wood”) + lāc (“play, sport; battle, strife”).
Epona
Ultimately from a suffixed form of Gaulish epos (“horse”), from Proto-Celtic *ekʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos.
Ino
From Ancient Greek Ἰνώ (Inṓ).
exquisite corpse
Calque of French cadavre exquis. First coined in 1925 by surrealists André Breton, Marcel Duhamel, Jacques Prévert, and Yves Tanguy in a similar manner to consequences; the first example was constructed from the following prompt: Le cadavre exquis boira le vin nouveau (“the exquisite corpse will drink new wine”).
kanafeh
Borrowed from Arabic كُنافة (kunāfa), itself possibly from Coptic ⲕⲉⲛⲉⲫⲓⲧⲉⲛ (kenephiten).
tteokbokki
Borrowed from Korean 떡볶이 (tteokbokki), from 떡 (tteok, “rice cake”) + 볶이 (bokki, “stir-fried and seasoned food”).
rachmones
Borrowed from Yiddish רחמנות (rakhmones, “mercy”).
karaage
Borrowed from Japanese 唐揚げ (karaage). Likely from 唐 (kara-, “Chinese, foreign”) + 揚げ (age, “deep-fried food”), although the etymology of kara is disputed.
Ascot
From Old English ēast (“east”) + cot (“cottage, hut”). Doublet of Eastcote.
guoxue
From Mandarin 國學／国学 (guóxué, literally “country learning”).
scetavajasse
Borrowed from Neapolitan scetavajasse (literally “maid-waker”), from sceta (“wake up”, imperative of scetà) + vajasse (“maids, female servants”, plural of vajassa).
zouhun
From Mandarin 走婚 (zǒu hūn, “walking marriage”).
semur
From Indonesian semur.
The Indonesian word comes from Dutch smoren ("to smother").
falanghina
From Italian falanghina, possibly derived, through Neapolitan, from Latin phalanga (“pole for carrying things”, by extension “pole for sustaining grapevine”), from Ancient Greek φᾰ́λᾰγξ (phắlănx, “line, rank”), Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵ- (“beam, plank”).
chingri
Borrowed from Bengali চিংড়ি (ciṅṛi).
instrumentarium
From instrument + -arium, originally after German Instrumentarium, itself after New Latin īnstrūmentārium.
Shooto
Borrowed from Japanese 修斗 (shūto), which is derived from English shoot.
sympatho-
From German sympatho-, combining form (in e.g. Sympathogonie) of sympathisch formed with -o-.
chaukidar
From Hindi चौकीदार (caukīdār), from चौकी (caukī, “post”) + -दार (-dār, “-holder”).
Vahag
Borrowed from Armenian Վահագ (Vahag), diminutive of Վահագն (Vahagn).
twakow
From Hokkien 大䑩 (tōa-ko͘).
Congleton
From Old English cung (“mound”) + hyll (“hill”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Lichfield
From Old English Liċetfeld, from Latin Letocetum, from a Proto-Brythonic place-name meaning "greywood" (cf. Welsh llwyd + coed), with feld (“field”) added later. There is no evidence to support the folk etymology that this placename is related to lich (“corpse”).
Keighley
Recorded as Middle English Chichelai in the Domesday Book, the town is named with the Old English personal name *Cyhha + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”).
Tilbury
From the Old English personal name Tila + byriġ, the dative case of burg (“fortified place”).
Widnes
Usually explained to be of Danish origin, from vid (“wide”) or ved (“wood”) + næse (“nose”).
Tewkesbury
Likely from Old English personal name *Tēodec, genitive case *Tēodeces + byriġ, dative singular of burh (“fort”).
However, tradition rooted in the ancient monastery in town claims descent of the first particle from Koine Greek Θεοτόκος (Theotókos, “the God-bearer (the Virgin Mary)”).
katastematic
From Ancient Greek καταστηματικός (katastēmatikós), from καθίστημι (kathístēmi, “to stand still”).
Runcorn
The earliest written reference to the town is in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, where it is spelled "Rumcofan", literally meaning "a wide cove or bay". This word is derived from the Old English words rúm (“wide, broad”) and cofa (“cave, cove”). Other historical spellings of Runcorn include "Rumcoven", "Ronchestorn", "Runckhorne", and "Runcorne".
Evesham
Inherited from Middle English Evesham, from Old English Eofesham (literally “Eof's enclosure”), from Eof (given name) + hamm (“enclosure”). By surface analysis, Eve's + -ham.
Rotherham
From Rother (“a river in South Yorkshire”) + Old English hām (“homestead, estate”).
Trowbridge
From Old English trēow (“tree”) + brycġ (“bridge”).
Huntingdon
From Old English Huntandūn, equivalent to hunta (“hunter”) + dūn (“hill, mountain”).
Westbury
From Old English west (“west”) + byriġ, the dative case of burh (“fortified place”), alternatively west + -bury.
Bridgwater
Recorded as Brigewaltier in the Pipe rolls, the town's name derives from Old English bryċġ (“bridge”) + the personal name Walter, from the local landowner Walter of Douai.
Skipton
From Old English sċēap (“sheep”) (with change from sh to sk due to Scandinavian influence) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Matlock
From Old English mæðel or mæþel "assembly, speech" and āc "oak."
Windermere
"Winand's lake", from Continental Germanic personal name Wînand + Old Norse genitive singular ending -ar + Old English mere (“lake, pond”).
Keswick
From Old English ċȳse (“cheese”) and wīc (“farm”); alternatively, cheese + -wick; the alteration of /tʃ/ to /k/ is down to Old Norse influence.
Farnham
From Old English fearn (“fern”) + hām (“homestead”) or hamm (“water meadow”).
Godalming
From the unrecorded Old English personal name *Godhelm + -ing (“belonging to”).
Reigate
From Middle English Reigate, Raygate, from an unattested Old English bare‐stem compound (West Saxon *Rǣġegatu or Kentish *Rēġegatu), from Old English rǣġe (“roe deer”) + gatu (“gates”) (plural of ġeat). See ‐gate.
The modern pronunciation with /aɪ/ is the result of a phonological shift during the Early Modern English period, for which two primary pathways are proposed:
* It may reflect the local Kentish or South‐Eastern dialectal development of the Old English compound (*Rēġegatu). In these dialects, West Saxon ǣ was regularly raised to ē. The palatal glide of the first element vocalized, creating a diphthong that smoothed in Middle English into the long vowel /iː/, which subsequently lowered to /aɪ/ via the Great Vowel Shift.
* Alternatively, descending from the standard West Saxon form (*Rǣġegatu), the Old English sequence ǣġ regularly yielded the Middle English diphthong /æi̯/. This later underwent a dialectal centralisation to [əi] in a stressed open‐syllable environment, merging with the outcome of Middle English /iː/ and eventually lowering to /aɪ/.
Shoeburyness
Shoebury Ness is a ness (flat headland) in the Thames Estuary, on the southern edge of the town. Shoebury is from Old English scēo + burh (“fortress providing shelter”), recorded as Sceobyrig early 10th century, Soberia in 1086 (DB), and Shoberynesse in the 16th century.
Hoddesdon
From the Old English personal name *Hod + -s- + dūn (“hill”).
Looe
From Cornish Logh, from logh (“inlet”). Doublet of lay, loch, and lough.
Chesham
First attested as Cæstæleshamm before the year 970, probably from Old English castel (“pile of stones, castle”) + hamm (“water meadow”). By surface analysis, Chess + -ham, whence the local pronunciation, referring to the River Chess in Buckinghamshire, though the river was named after the settlement.
Blyth
From Old English blīþe. The surname derives partly from the place names, partly from a nickname.
baryo-
Clipping of baryon. From Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús, “heavy”).
Thetford
Recorded as Theodford late 9th century, and Tedfort in 1086 (DB), from Old English þēod + ford, "people's or public ford".
Stockton
From Old English stocc (“log; stump, tree trunk”) or stoc (“house, dwelling”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”). By surface analysis, stock + -ton. Doublet of Stoughton.
Tiverton
From *Tiver (a Brythonic element also found in Welsh Teifi) + -ton.
The village in Nova Scotia is named after the town in Devon.
Hexham
From Middle English Hexham, a contraction of Middle English Hestaldesham, Exseldesham, Extoldesham, Hestalasham, Hestoldesham, all variants of Old English Hagustaldeshām (“Hexham”), from Old English Hagustaldes (“Hagustald's”, personal name), from Old English hagosteald (“owner of a fenced-in plot of land, one living in his lord's house, an unmarried man, bachelor, young warrior”) + hām (“home, village, farmstead”). Compare also Hagustaldesēa (“Hexham”, literally “Hagustald's Island”).
Acle
From Old English āc + lēah.
Borrowed from Tagalog aklé.
Dewsbury
From the Welsh personal name Dewi, adapted into the Old English genitive case *Dewes + byriġ, the dative case of Old English burh (“fort”).
Wallasey
From Old English wealh (“Celt; Welsh”) + -s- + īeġ (“island”).
Eccles
From Middle English Eccles, from Old English *Eccles, borrowed from pre-Proto-Brythonic *eglēs (“church”), whence Proto-Brythonic *egluɨs. The sound change *ē > *uɨ is regular in Proto-Brythonic, but had evidently not yet occurred when place-name instances of *eglēs in the north were being borrowed into Old English; Jackson (1953) dates this change to the late 7th century. *g > *k is regular assuming borrowing into Old English, which did not have intervocalic /g/ except after a nasal. A number of toponyms in northern Britain are composed of Eccles plus a term of English origin, e.g. Eccleston (+ -ton), Eccleshill (+ hill). Doublet of ecclesia.
Ramsbottom
From either Old English ramm (“ram”) or hramsa (“ramsons”) + botm (“bottom, ground”).
Selby
From Old Norse selja (“willow, sallow”) + býr (“settlement, farm”).
Burnley
From Brun (a river name meaning "brown") + Old English lēah (“meadow, clearing”).
Borehamwood
Respelling of Boreham Wood, from Boreham + wood. "Boreham" is from Old English bor (“elevated place; hill”) + hām (“village, hamlet”).
kadhi
From Hindi कढ़ी (kaṛhī).
Borrowed from Arabic قَاضٍ (qāḍin, “judge”). Doublet of qadi.
St Ives
* Cornwall: Seen from 1284. From St Ia, a Cornish saint.
* Cambridgeshire: Seen from 1110. From Ivo of Ramsey, a Cornish saint whose relics were found here.
* Dorset: Seen from 1167. 'Place overgrown with ivy' from Old English *īfet. Saint added more recently in reference to other settlements called St Ives.
* New South Wales: Named in 1900, likely from either the Cornish town or after Isaac Ellis Ives, a local politician.
Grantham
From either the Old English personal name Granta or grand (“gravel”) + hām (“homestead”).
Strood
Apparently from Middle English strothe, strode (“marshy land overgrown with brush”), from Old English strōd (“marshy land”). Compare Strother and (Raven)struther.
Faversham
From Old English Fefreshām, of which the second element is hām (“homestead”) and the first element is of uncertain origin; it may come from Latin faber (“smith, craftsman”).
Darent
From Proto-Brythonic *dar (“oak”). Cognate to the river Dart.
Swanley
From Old English sweġen (“swain”) + lēah (“clearing”).
Freikorps
Unadapted borrowing from German Freikorps.
Chadwell Heath
Named after the former nearby settlement of Chadwell (Street), inherited from Middle English Chaldwelle, from Old English *Ċeald(an)wielle, from ċeald (“cold”) + wielle (“well”).
A spurious connection to the name of St. Chad was popular in the 19th century.
Needham
From Old English nīed (“need, necessity”) + hām (“homestead”), i.e. a place that provided a poor living.
talo-
From Latin tālus. By surface analysis, tal(us) + -o-.
arcuate fasciculus
A partially Anglicised borrowing of the New Latin fasciculus arcuātus.
ecclesio-
From Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía), + -o-.
effigurate
Borrowed from New Latin effiguratus; compare figurate (figuratus).
Halesowen
From Old English halas, plural of halh (“nook”) + Welsh personal name Owain (Owen).
Leominster
Inherited from Middle English Lemynster, Lemyster, from Old English Lēomynster, from Lēon (a region name) + mynster (“monastery”).
Cheswick
From Old English ċȳse + wīc; alternatively, cheese + -wick.
Suzhou numeral
A calque of Chinese 蘇州碼子 /苏州码子 (Sūzhōu mǎzi), from their use at the formerly important market town of Suzhou in Jiangsu Province. Mistakenly entered into Unicode as "Hangzhou numerals", which Unicode's policy precludes changing.
Malvern
From Old English Mælfern, from an Old Welsh form equivalent to Modern Welsh moelfryn (“bald hill”).
haplolepidous
From New Latin haplolepideus, from Ancient Greek ἁπλόος (haplóos, “two-fold, single”) + λεπίδιον (lepídion, “small plate used to close a tube”).
Waltham
From Old English weald (“forest”) + hām (“homestead”) or hamm (“enclosed land”).
Kingswood
From Old English cyning (“king”) + -s- + wudu (“wood”).
Shirehampton
From Early Modern English Sherehampton, alteration of Middle English Schernyhampton, from *scherny (“dung-covered”) + earlier Hampton, from Old English *Hāmtūn, from hām (“estate, farm”) + tūn (“enclosure”).
Stapleton
From Old English stapol (“post, pillar”) + tūn (“enclsoure; settlement, town”).
Whitchurch
From Old English hwit + cirice (“white church”), presumably built from whitish stone.
Sawbridgeworth
From Middle English Sabrigeworth, Sabriccheworth, Sabrichewurth, from Old English Sabrixteworde.
Thornbury
From Old English þorn (“thorn”) + byriġ, the dative case of burg (“fortified place”).
cognate accusative
Calque of Latin accūsātīvus cognātus (“a cognate accusative”).
Chiltern
Unknown, but thought to derive from a Celtic toponym, presumably related to height. The other placenames derive from the English hills.
Scioto
From Wyandot skɛnǫ·tǫ’ (“deer”).
sikhye
Borrowed from Korean 식혜(食醯) (sikhye).
Titarev
Transliteration of Russian Титарёв (Titarjóv), from Ancient Greek κτήτωρ (ktḗtōr, “ktetor”, also “ktitor”).
Heswall
Noted in the Domesday Book as Middle English Eswelle, from es (his) + welle (well).
Lyme Regis
Regis (from Latin regis) was added to the town's name in 1284.
Seaton
From Old English sǣ (“sea, lake”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
tahtib
Borrowed from Arabic تَحْطِيب (taḥṭīb).
Teign
First attested as Old English Teng in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 739, probably from Proto-Celtic *tīn (“river”), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to flow”). As such, possibly a doublet of Tyne and Tenna.
Langres
From French Langres, from Latin Lingones, a Gaulish tribe who lived in the area.
Ballarat
From Wathaurong Ballaarat, meaning "resting place".
kitniyot
Borrowed from Hebrew קִטְנִיּוֹת (kitniyót), plural of קִטְנִית (kitnít).
Corfe Mullen
From Old English corf (“cutting, pass”) and Old French molin.
Bacup
From Old English fūl (“muddy”) + bæchop (“ridge valley”).
Todmorden
From Old English Totta (“Totta's”) + dene (“valley”); folk etymologies have related it to German Tod (“death”) +
French Mort (“death”) + Old English dene (“valley”); or otherwise deriving from Old English tod (“fox”) + mor (“moor”) + dene (“valley”).
Bramhall
From Old English brōm (“broom”) + healh (“corner, angle, nook”).
herbivore man
Calque of Japanese 草食男子 (sōshoku danshi, “herbivorous/grass-eating male”). Original term coined by Maki Fukasawa in an article on the website Nikkei Business Online on 13 October 2006.
Littleborough
From Old English lȳtel (“little”) + burh (“borough”) or brōc (“brook”). Piecewise doublet of Littlebury and Luxembourg.
Prestwich
From Old English prēost (“priest”) + wīċ (“settlement”).
O'Shaughnessy
From Irish Ó Seachnasaigh.
wingle
From a merger of wangle, and dialectal Norwegian Nynorsk vingla (“to flutter, stumble about, go hither and thither, go astray, dangle”), related to Norwegian Bokmål vingle (“to wobble”), Swedish vingla (“to wobble”).
Pfropfschizophrenie
From German Pfropfschizophrenie.
Borrowed from German Pfropfschizophrenie.
stasibasiphobia
Apparently from Ancient Greek στᾰ́σῐς (stắsĭs, “standing”) + basiphobia.
alloglot
Borrowed from French alloglote, equivalent to allo- + -glot.
ooftish
From Yiddish אויפֿן טיש (oyfn tish) in the phrase געלט אויפֿן טיש (gelt oyfn tish, “money on the table”).
donder and blitzen
From Donner (or Donder) and Blitzen (or Blixem), the last two reindeer of Santa Claus's, named from Dutch donder (“thunder”) and bliksem (“lightning”).
Senn
South German surname for a dairy farmer, from the common noun German Senn(e) (“herdsman in the Alps”) (15th century), from Old High German senno (“shepherd”) (11th century), from Proto-West Germanic *sannjō (“herdsman, dairyman”), from Vulgar Latin saniō (“herdsman, dairyman”) (compare Romansh Sursilvan sagn, Romansh Ladin signun (“herdsman”)), presumably from Celtic (compare Old Irish sine (“nipple, teat”), from Proto-Celtic *sɸenyos (“teat, nipple”)). A relationship with German Sahne (“cream”) (ultimately from Latin sagīna (“nourishment”)) is unlikely.
Mirfield
From Old English myrige (“pleasant, agreeable”) + feld (“pasture, open country”).
Pendle
From Proto-Brythonic *penn ("head, top") + Old English hyll (“hill”).
Ildefonso
Borrowed from the Spanish personal name Ildefonso. This surname is mostly found in the Philippines.
Welland
No definite suggestion can be made about the origin of the placename in Worcestershire; perhaps from the Old English unattested personal name *Wēna + land (“land”).
Whittlesey
From the Old English personal name *Wittel + -s- + īeġ (“island”).
Chatteris
Recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) in the Middle English forms Cetriz and Cateriz. Theories of its derivation include:
* a borrowing from an unattested Old Welsh intermediary of Middle Welsh cadeir (“hill-fort”) and Medieval Latin cathedra, akin to Catterick
* a derivation from Old English Ceatta (a personal name, as in St Ceatta) + rīc (kingdom, authority)
* a derivation from Proto-Brythonic *koɨd (“wood, forest”) + *rrɨd (“ford”)
Aylsham
Attested in the 1086 Domesday Book under various names, including Helesham and Ailesham. From Old English *Æġleshām, a compound of *Æġel (“a personal name”) + hām (“home, farm”).
overclothing
From Middle English overclothing, equivalent to overclothe + -ing.
overengrossed
From Middle English overengrossed, equivalent to over- + engrossed.
overbusily
From Middle English overbisili, equivalent to overbusy + -ly.
overbitterly
From Middle English overbitterli, equivalent to overbitter + -ly.
Cuckfield
From either the Anglo-Norman *cucu (“cuckoo”) + Old English feld (“field”).
Holofernes
From Late Latin Holofernēs, Holophernēs, from Ancient Greek Ὀλοφέρνης (Olophérnēs), from Old Persian *Varufarnāh. Compare with Ancient Greek Ὀροφέρνης (Orophérnēs).
bend the knee
Calque of Latin genūflectō. Popularized by its use on the television series Game of Thrones (2011-2019).
Chepstow
From Old English ċīepa (“merchant, tradesman”) + stōw (“place”), to denote a marketplace or trading center.
Sherborne
From Old English Sċīraburna, equivalent to scīr (“bright, clear”) + burna (“stream”).
Aludra
Ultimately from Arabic العَذْرَاء (al-ʕaḏrāʔ, “the virgin”).
Scheat
From Arabic السَاعِد (as-sāʕid, literally “the forearm”).
Tideswell
From the Old English personal name Tidi + -s- + wielle (“well, spring”).
guoqing
From Mandarin 國情／国情 (guóqíng).
Derwent
From Middle English Derwent, Derwente, Derwynd, from Proto-Brythonic *Deruentiū (“forest of oak trees”), derived from Proto-Celtic *derwom (“oak trees”) (compare Welsh derw (“oaks”)) (likely a compound with *wentā (“place”)).
quattuorvirate
Learned borrowing from Latin quattuorvirātus, from quattuorvir + -ātus. By surface analysis, quattuorvir + -ate.
sextumvirate
From Latin sextum (“sixth”) + the latter part of triumvirate (“group of three men”), cf Latin seviratus. See also quadrumvirate, quartumvirate and quatrumvirate.
octovirate
From Latin octōvirātus, from octōvir + -ātus. By surface analysis, octovir + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, a group of people performing it).
Lundy
The name means 'puffin island', from Old Norse lundi (“puffin”) + ey (“island”). Compare Lundey in Iceland.
Paulton
From Old English peall (“ledge”) + tun (“homestead, village”).
undecimvirate
From Latin ūndecimvirātus, from ūndecimvirī (“undecimvirs”) + -ātus (“-ate”).
Zeals
Inherited from Middle English Seles, from Old English sēalas, plural of sealh (“willow”).
Ashburton
From Old English æsc (“ashtree”) + burna (“stream”) + tūn (“town”).
Shrek
From the fictional ogre Shrek, created by the American author William Steig for his 1990 picture book Shrek! and popularized by the DreamWorks computer-animated movie franchise, whose name derives from Yiddish שרעק (shrek, “fright”).
nabemono
Borrowed from Japanese 鍋物, literally "cooking-pot things."
myriarchy
From myriarch + -y, after the pattern of heptarchy etc.; see myriarch for more. As a military unit, Calque of Mongolian түмэн (tümen).
Plympton
From Middle English, from Old English Plȳmentūn (c. 900), from *plymen (“growing with plum trees”), from plūme (“plum tree”). Doublet of Plumpton.
Gu
From Mandarin 古 (Gǔ).
From either Mandarin 谷 (Gǔ) or 古 (Gǔ), from Chinese.
Redruth
From Old Cornish Rhyd-ruth, meaning "red ford". Compare Cornish Resrudh.
Dereham
From Old English Dēorhām, equivalent to dēor (“wild animal”) + hām (“home”).
Sleaford
From Old English Sliowaford, from sliow (uncertain definition) + ford (ford).
Alresford
* (Essex) From a personal name, Ægel, or Old English ǣl + ford, recorded as Ælesford c.1000, Eilesforda 1086 (DB).
* (Hampshire) From Old English alor (genitive alres) + ford, recorded as Alresforda 701, Alresforde 1086 (DB).
Eleusinian Mysteries
Calque of Ancient Greek Ἐλευσίνια Μυστήρια (Eleusínia Mustḗria).
Pulaski
Americanised or Anglicised form of Polish Pułaski.
de profundis
Borrowed from Latin de profundis (“from the depths”).
From Middle English De Profundis, De profundis, deprofundis, deprovundis, from Latin dē profundīs (“out of the depths”), the first two words of the Latin version of the 130th Psalm.
From the Latin introit of the psalm.
tussie-mussie
From Scottish Gaelic tùs f (“nice smell, incense”) and debatable second part, a mere reduplication, or mùsg (“musk”) for a moschate flower, or mùisear (“primrose”).
Walworth
From Old English wealh (“Briton”) + worþ (“enclosure”). Compare Walsworth.
Crediton
From Old English Cridiantūn, (recorded as Chritetona in the 1086 Domesday Book), farmstead or estate on the River Creedy, equivalent to Creedy + -ton.
Bampton
From Old English bēam (“beam, tree”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
Larnaca
By surface analysis, learned borrowing from Greek Λάρνακα (Lárnaka). Ultimately from Ancient Greek λάρναξ (lárnax, “larnax; chest, coffer, box”) (whence also Modern Greek λάρνακα (lárnaka)).
Miquelon
Borrowed from French Miquelon, derived in turn from Basque Mikelon, a variant of the given name Mikel.
Hornsea
From Old English hornes (“horn's”) + ēa (“river”).
Latham
Habitational surname from any of various places in northern England, from the dative plural form of Old Norse hlaða (“storehouse, barn”).
McCracken
Northern Irish and Scottish Gaelic surname, Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Mac Reachtain, a variant of Mac Neachtain (see McNaughton).
Wofford
From either Old English wealh (“Welsh”) + ford, meaning "Welshman's ford", or from Old English wulf (“wolf”) + ford, to mean "wolf ford".
Ashmore
From Old English æsċ (“ash-tree”) + mere (“pond, pool, lake”).
Nesmith
Occupational surname for a maker of knives or nails, from Middle English knyf (“knife”) or nayl (“nail”) + smith.
Naidu
Borrowed from Telugu నాయుడు (nāyuḍu), possibly with equivalents in other Indian languages.
Broadwell
From Old English brād (“broad”) + wella (“well, spring, stream”).
McElveen
Anglicized form of Irish Mac Giolla Mhín (“son of the gentle lad”).
Holcombe
From Old English holh (“hollow”) + cumb (“combe, narrow valley”).
Carino
Anglicization of Spanish Cariño, or borrowing from Italian Carino, from carino
Gosnell
From earlier Gosnold, possibly from a former place called Gosenwold, a compound of Old English gōs (“goose”) + Middle English wold (“plain”), from Old English weald, Anglian Old English wald.
Horgan
Reduced Anglicized form of Irish Ó hArgáin, a contracted form of Ó hArragáin, from which Harrigan.
Acree
Two main origins:
* Americanized form of Norwegian and Swedish Akre.
* Possibly an altered form of Ackary.
Hyder
Borrowed from Arabic حَيْدَر (ḥaydar) or Persian حَیْدَر (haydar).
Lytle
Variant of Little, from Middle English and modern lytle, variant of little (“small, (ironic) big, not much, younger”).
McAtee
Anglicized spelling of Irish Mac an tSaoi (“son of the sage”), from saoi (“sage”).
Nachman
* As a Jewish surname, from Hebrew נחמן, a name meaning "consoler," from נחם (“to comfort”). Compare Nachtman.
* As a German surname, Americanized from Nachmann, Nachtmann, meaning "night watchman," see Nachtman.