MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
praenomen
From Latin praenōmen, from prae- (“pre-: before”) + nōmen (“name, family name”).
theirn
From Middle English theiren, compare hern. Displaced in standard speech by the -s form, theirs, which see for more.
warish
From Middle English warysshen, from Anglo-Norman waris-, the present participle stem of warir, from Old French guarir (modern guérir), from Frankish *warjan, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną. Compare guarish.
endlong
From Old English andlang ( > along), re-formed by popular etymology in Middle English as end + long; partly from Old Norse cognate endlangr.
sexagenary
From Latin sexāgēnārius (“sixty; sixty years old; a sixty-year-old”) either directly or via French sexagénaire, from Latin sexāgēnus (“60 each”), from sexaginta (“six tens, sixty”). Cognate with sexagenarian.
sexagesimal
From Medieval Latin sexagesimalis, from sexāgēsimus (“sixtieth”) + -ālis (“-al”), from sexāgintā (“sixty”). Cognate with sexagenary and sexagenarian. Cf. sextal.
lisse
From Old English līssian.
From French lisse, from Latin licium.
Borrowed from Dutch Lisse.
boatman
From Middle English boteman, botman, bateman. Equivalent to boat + -man.
Honorius
From Late Latin Honorius, derived from honōrus (“conferring honour”).
Buckingham
From Old English Buccingahām, from the personal name Bucca (see bucca (“he-goat”)) + -ing (“belonging to”) + hām (“home”).
Eustace
From the Old French form of Byzantine Greek εὐσταθής (eustathḗs, “steadfast, stable”) or εὔστᾰχῠς (eústăkhŭs, “fruitful”, literally “abundant in grain”), from εὖ (eû) + στάχυς (stákhus). Doublet of Ostap.
Barnabas
From Ancient Greek Βαρναβᾶς (Barnabâs), from Aramaic בַרְנֶבֻאָה (barneḇú’â, literally “prophet's son”), from בּר (bar, “son of”) and נְבִיָּא (nəḇiyyā, “prophet”).
Leopold
From Old French Leopold, from Old High German liut (“people”) + bald (“bold”). The first part is sometimes associated by folk etymology with Latin leo (“lion”), as in Leo and Leonard. More at lede, bold.
Talbot
From Middle English talbot, from Old French talebot (“bandit”); a Norman nickname applied to robbers who blackened their faces to avoid recognition, from Old High German *Talbald (personal name), from Old High German tal (“valley, dale”) + bald (“bold, courageous”).
Raphael
Latin Raphael. From Koine Greek Ῥᾱφᾱήλ (Rhāphāḗl), from Hebrew רָפָאֵל (Rāfāʾēl, literally “God cures/has healed”).
Barton
From Old English bere (“barley”) + Old English tūn (“enclosure”).
From Old English bere (“barley”) + tūn (“place”).
Thackeray
An English habitational surname from a place in Yorkshire, of Old Norse origin, from þak (“thatch, roof”) + rá (“nook”), therefore referring to a "place with thatching".
Anglification of Marathi ठाकरे (ṭhākre).
Antioch
Inherited from Middle English Antioche, from Old French Antioche, from Latin Antiochīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀντιόχεια (Antiókheia), from Ἀντίοχος (Antíokhos) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming place names”), originally from the father of Seleucus I Nicator, the general of Alexander the Great who founded the Seleucid Empire. The name was then borne by other Seleucid emperors, who named various cities after themselves. Later cities in the United States, etc., were subsequently named for the earlier ones, particularly the Syrian Antioch which was an important center of early Christianity. Compare Alexandria, Laodicea, Apamea, Ptolemais, and Seleucia.
Huxley
From the Old English personal name *Hucc + -s- + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”). The first element could also be husc (“insult, scorn, mockery”).
argumentation
Etymology tree
Latin arguō
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom
Proto-Italic *-məntom
Latin -mentum
Latin argūmentum
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin argūmentor
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *-Hō
Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō
Proto-Italic *-tiō
Latin -tiō
Latin argūmentātiōder.
Middle English argumentacioun
English argumentation
Inherited from Middle English argumentacioun, from Anglo-Norman argumentacion, Middle French argumentation, or their etymon Latin argūmentātiō; by surface analysis, argument + -ation.
Calhoun
Common anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Colquhoun.
Cornelia
From Latin Cornēlia, name of a famous Roman matron, feminine form of the gens name Cornelius; in continental Europe, also a feminine form of the saint's name Cornelius.
nolle prosequi
From Latin nolle prosequi (“to not want to pursue”). Cf. prosecute.
dewy
From Middle English dewy, deuhy, from Old English dēawiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *dauwag, *dauwīg, equivalent to dew + -y.
arbitrament
From Middle English arbitrament, from Old French arbitrement. By surface analysis, arbiter + -ment.
arborvitae
From Latin arbor (“tree”) + vitae (“of life”), literally “tree of life”, probably referring to the evergreen leaves. The anatomical sense from the branched, tree-like appearance of the tissue.
Argyll
Etymology tree
Old Irish err
Scottish Gaelic earra
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwi-
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁weydʰh₁-
Proto-Celtic *weidus
Proto-Celtic *weidelos
Proto-Brythonic *guɨðel
Proto-Brythonic *Guɨðelbor.
Old Irish Goídel
Scottish Gaelic Gàidheal
Scottish Gaelic Earra-Ghàidhealbor.
English Argyll
Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic Earra-Ghàidheal (“land of the Gaels”).
deshabille
Borrowed from French déshabillé (“undressed”), the past participle of déshabiller (“to undress”).
deterrent
Learned borrowing from Latin dēterrēns, dēterrentem.
dicky
From Dicky, pet form of Richard.
* In cover/apron senses: perhaps from English dialect dick (“leather apron”) + -y; perhaps from Dutch dek (“a cover”).
supervene
From Latin supervenīre (“come over or upon, overtake”), from super (“above”) + veniō (“come”).
Southey
English place names, from Old English sūþ (“south”) + Middle English haye (“enclosure”), from Old English heġe and ġehæġ.
Silas
From Latin Sīlās, from Ancient Greek Σίλας (Sílas), from Aramaic שְׁאִילָא (šəʾīlā), cognate of Hebrew שָׁאוּל (šāʾūl, “Saul”). Doublet of Saul.
Bertram
From Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright”) + *hrabnaz (“raven”).
From German Bertram (according to Kluge appearing first in English in 1578), well-known, from Middle High German bërtram, bërhtram, from Old High German bërhtram, from Latin pyrethrum, from Ancient Greek πύρεθρον (púrethron).
devolution
Borrowed from Middle French dévolution, from Medieval Latin devolutio, devolutionis, from Latin devolvo.
wayang
Transliteration of Javanese ꦮꦪꦁ (wayang, “shadow; imagination; puppetry”), from Old Javanese wayaṅ via Malay wayang. Cognate with Dutch wajang.
swidden
Possibly from a dialectal form *swiden of Middle English swithen, past participle of Middle English swithen (“to burn, scorch, singe”), from Old Norse svíða (“to singe, burn”). Compare also Old Norse sviðinn (“burnt, singed”, past participle). Alternatively, from Old Norse sviðna (“to be burned”) or Old High German swedan (“to be burned”). Either way, probably ultimately from Proto-Germanic *swīþaną. First attested in 1868. If their respective theories align, then a distant cognate of German Schwyz, hence Swiss.
chinampa
From Spanish chinampa, from Classical Nahuatl chināmitl (“cane fence”).
subsidence
Latin subsidens, subsidentis, present participle of subsidere. Equivalent to subside + -ence.
eustasy
A back-formation from eustatic (borrowed from German eustatische (“eustatic”), from Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well, good”) + στάσις (stásis, “standing”)) + -y.
harikari
Corrupted from Japanese 腹切り (harakiri), literally "belly-cutting".
mezzaluna
Unadapted borrowing from Italian mezzaluna (literally “half-moon”).
Sigurd
From Old Norse Sigurðr, from sigr (“victory”) + varðr, vǫrðr (“guard”). This is the name of the legendary Eddaic character corresponding to Siegfried, the hero of the Nibelungenlied, but the names are not exact cognates. Sigfrid is a saint's name in Scandinavia.
Boswell
Scottish surname, from Norman, named after Beuzeville, from Beuze + -ville ("Bosi's farm"); first element from Old Norse Bosi, from Proto-Germanic *bausuz.
Middleton
From Old English Middeltūn, equivalent to middle + -ton.
The town in Nova Scotia is named for its location midway between Annapolis Royal and Kentville.
friendless
From Middle English frendles, from Old English frēondlēas. By surface analysis, friend + -less.
reminiscence
From Late Latin reminīscentiae (“remembrances”), from Latin reminīscēns, present active participle of reminīscor (“remember”); see reminiscent.
on hand
From Middle English *onhande, onhende, from Old English onhende (“on hand, demanding attention”), from Proto-Germanic *anahandijaz. Equivalent to on- + hand. Cognate with Icelandic áhendur (“within reach”). Compare offhand.
cuddy
Uncertain. Perhaps a contraction from Dutch kajuit (“cabin”).
From Scots cuddie; compare Gaelic cudaig, cudainn, or English cuttlefish, or cod.
currach
From Irish curach, corrach, from Proto-Celtic *korukos (“boat”).
spermatic
From Middle English spermatik, from Latin spermaticus, from Ancient Greek σπερματικός (spermatikós). By surface analysis, spermat- + -ic.
hempen
From Middle English hempen, hempyn, from Old English *hænepen (“made of hemp, hempen”), from Proto-West Germanic *hanapīn (“hempen, made of hemp”), equivalent to hemp + -en. Cognate with West Frisian himpen (“hempen”), Dutch hennepen (“hempen”), German Low German hempen (“hempen”), German hanfen, hänfen (“hempen”). More at hemp.
heritable
Inherited from Middle English heritable, from Anglo-Norman heritable; equivalent to herit + -able.
plenteous
From Middle English plentewos, plentevous, et al., circa 1300, from Old French plentiveus (“fertile, rich”) (early 13th century), from plentif (“abundant”), from plenté (“abundance”) (Modern French pleinté, English plenty), from Latin plenitatem, accusative of plenitas (“fullness”), from plenus (“complete, full”), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”).
effendi
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish افندی (efendi), from Greek αφέντη (afénti), vocative of αφέντης (aféntis), from Ancient Greek αὐθέντης (authéntēs, “lord, master”). Doublet of authentic.
Moose Jaw
Corruption of the Cree term through Anglicization by substitution of similar sounding English-language words, and being a riverside location; becoming Moose Jaw Bone Creek, former name of the Moose Jaw River, from the Cree "moscâstani". From Cree moscâstani-sîpiy (“a warm place by the river”), from the overwintering camp of the Cree in a river valley sheltered by the Couteau Plateau, at the confluence of the Moose Jaw River and Thunder Creek. The town is named after the river, in turn, named for the overwintering camp where the town is now located.
seekh kebab
Borrowed from Classical Persian سیخ کباب (sīx kabāb), via Urdu.
spodumene
From Ancient Greek σποδούμενος (spodoúmenos, “burnt to ashes”).
squalene
From Latin squālus (“shark”) + -ene, because it is found in shark liver.
jalfrezi
From Bengali ঝালফ্রেজী (jhalfreji).
mutter paneer
Borrowed from Hindustani مَٹَر پَنِیر / मटर पनीर (maṭar panīr).
paneer
Borrowed from Hindustani پَنِیر / पनीर (panīr), from Classical Persian پَنِیر (panīr).
Sile
From Irish Síle and Scottish Gaelic Sìle.
From Middle English syle, from Old English sȳl (“column, pillar, support”), from Proto-West Germanic *sūli, from Proto-Germanic *sūliz (“beam, post, column, pillar”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱsewl-, *ḱswel- (“log”), from *ḱsew-, *ḱes- (“to scratch, comb”).
Cognate with Dutch zuil (“pillar”), German Säule (“column, pillar”), Norwegian søyle (“pillar”), Icelandic súla (“column”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍃 (sauls, “pillar”).
From Middle English silen, sylen, from Middle Low German silen ("to let off water, filter, strain"; > Low German silen, sielen), equivalent to sie (“to filter, strain”) + -le. Cognate with German sielen (“let off water, filter”), Swedish sila (“to strain, filter, sift”), German Siel (“drain, sewer, sluice”).
From Middle English *sile, from Old Norse síl (“herring”), from Proto-Germanic *sīlą, *sīlō (“herring”), of unknown origin. Cognate with Icelandic síld (“herring”), Norwegian and Danish sild (“herring”), dialectal Swedish sil (“young fish, fry”). Compare sild.
allonym
From allo- (“other, different”) + -onym (“name”), probably via French allonyme. Compare German allonym, Allonym. First attested in 1725.
anthroponymy
English anthrop- (“person, human”) + Ancient Greek ὠνυμία (ōnumía) (from ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”)); By surface analysis, anthrop- + -onymy = anthropo- + -nymy.
masterly
PIE word
 *méǵh₂s
From Middle English maisterli, from maister (“leader, ruler; high official; official in charge of a place; person in control; employer; owner; schoolmaster, teacher; scholar, sage; holder of a master's degree; religious teacher; master craftsman; expert; magician; social superior; husband; lover; Jesus Christ; a god; male stud animal”) + -li (suffix forming adjectives). Maister is derived from Old English mæġester (“master”) and Old French maistre (“master”) (modern French maître), both from Latin magister (“teacher; master”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”). The English word is analysable as master + -ly.
From Middle English maisterli (“artistically; skilfully; in the manner of a conqueror or master; overconfidently”), from maister (see etymology 1) + -li (suffix forming adverbs); analysable as master + -ly (suffix forming adverbs).
masterful
From Middle English maysterful, maistrefull, equivalent to master + -ful.
galvanic
From French galvanique, named after Italian physiologist Luigi Aloisio Galvani (1737–1798) + -ique.
restorative
From Middle English restoratif, restoratyve, from Old French restoratif, restauratif and Medieval Latin restaurātīvus. Equivalent to restore + -ative.
sackcloth
From Middle English sakcloth, sekcloth, sekclath, sekklath. By surface analysis, sack + cloth.
setter
From Middle English settere, equivalent to set + -er. Compare West Frisian setter, Dutch zetter, German Low German Setter, German Setzer.
The hunting dogs are so named because when they scent the game, they set (that is, strike a certain stance).
des-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is-
Proto-Italic *dis-
Latin dis-
Old French des-bor.
▲
Latin dis-bor.
Middle English des-
English des-
From Middle English des-, dis-, from Old French des-, from Latin dis-.
masterfully
From Middle English maysterfully, maisterfullich, equivalent to masterful + -ly.
grum
From Middle English grom, from Old English grom, gram (“angry, wrathful”), from Proto-Germanic *gramaz (“angry, bearing a grudge”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to thunder, rub, tear, scratch”). Probably influenced in form by glum. Compare also Danish grum (“cruel, atrocious, fell”), Swedish grym (“cruel, furious, terrible”). See also grim, gram, grump.
expedience
From Middle English expedience, from Old French expedience, from Late Latin expedientia, from Latin expediens.
pulver
From Middle English pulver, from Latin pulver-, pulvis. Doublet of powder.
From Middle English (participle pulvered), from the noun or Latin pulverō.
Lakshmi
From Sanskrit लक्ष्मी (lakṣmī, “mark, sign”).
set one's cap at
Probably a calque of French mettre le cap sur (“to set a course for”).
cold feet
Idiomatic sense possibly from a calque of German kalte Füße bekommen (“to get cold feet”), or of Lombard avegh minga frecc i pee (“to have no money”, literally “to be cold in the feet”) (Italian aver freddo ai piedi), said by a person who wishes to stop gambling, allegedly because the person now has cold feet due to being too poor to afford proper footwear.
breadless
From Middle English bredles, bredlees, bredeles, equivalent to bread + -less.
break bread
Inherited from Middle English breken bred; under medieval conditions, guests brought their own knives worn with them, which were their daggers they hunted and gathered with, then only fit to cut meat. From the expression “break bread with friends” the ellipsis “break bread” implying community developed.
xyrid
From Latin xyris (“iris”) (see Xyris) + -id.
stibnite
From Latin stibium, from Ancient Greek στίβι (stíbi), a variant of στίμμι (stímmi).
adynamia
From ἀ- (a-, “not”) + -dynamia, from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis) strength, force
overmuch
From Middle English overmuche, overmuchel, from Old English ofermiċel, ofermyċel (“overmuch, excessive”), equivalent to over- + much. Compare overmany and overmore. Doublet of overmickle. Cognate with Scots over-mekill (“overmuch, excessive”), Old Norse ofrmikill (“overmuch, excessive”), Icelandic ofmikill (“overmuch, excessive”).
From Middle English overmuche, overmuchel, equivalent to over- + much.
From Middle English overmuche, overmuchel, from the adjective.
restful
From Middle English restful, restfulle, equivalent to rest + -ful.
adhibit
From Latin adhibitus (“extended, held out”, past participle of adhibeō), from ad + habeō (“have”).
adhibition
From Latin adhibitiō, perfect passive participle of Latin adhibeō.
farting
From Middle English fartynge, fartyng, ferting, from Old English feorting (“farting”), equivalent to fart + -ing.
minding
From Middle English mynding, myndyng, equivalent to mind + -ing.
milking
From Middle English mylkand, from Old English meolcġende, present participle of Old English meolcian, milcian (“to milk”), equivalent to milk + -ing.
From Middle English milkinge, mylkynge, equivalent to milk + -ing.
canting
From Javanese ꦕꦤ꧀ꦛꦶꦁ (canthing).
grunting
From Middle English gruntynge (“grunting”); equivalent to grunt + -ing.
tilling
From Middle English tillynge, tiliyng, tilyenge, tylynge, from Old English tiliende, tilġende, equivalent to till + -ing.
From Middle English tyllynge, tiling, tilinge, telynge, from Old English tilung, teolung, equivalent to till + -ing.
mooting
From Middle English motinge, moting, from Old English mōtung, equivalent to moot + -ing.
weening
From Middle English wening (“supposition, opinion, presumption, doubt”), from Old English wēning (“supposition, doubt, doubtful thought”), equivalent to ween + -ing.
bewraying
From Middle English bewreying, biwreying, equivalent to bewray + -ing.
munificence
From Middle French munificence, from Latin munificentia, from munus (“gift”) + facio (“to make”).
nomenklatura
Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra), from Latin nōmenclātūra (“a calling by name, list of names”), from nomen (“name”) + calare (“call”). Doublet of nomenclature.
alexiteric
From New Latin alexitericum, from neuter of alexitericus (although apparently first attested later); see Etymology 2.
From New Latin alexitericus, from alexiterium + Classical Latin -icus; see alexitery.
striding
From Middle English strydyng, stridende, strydand, from Old English strīdende, from Proto-Germanic *strīdandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *strīdaną (“to endeavour; stand tall; withstand; take long steps”), equivalent to stride + -ing.
From Middle English strydynge, equivalent to stride + -ing.
witching
From Middle English wicching, wicchand, equivalent to witch + -ing.
From Middle English wicchinge, from Old English wiċċung (“witching, witchcraft”), equivalent to witch + -ing.
undoubted
From Middle English undouted, undoutid, equivalent to un- + doubted.
regeneration
From re- + generation or regenerate + -ion, from Latin regenerātiō.
meekly
From Middle English mekely, mekeliche, equivalent to meek + -ly. Compare Old Norse mjúkliga.
synchroscope
From synchro- + -scope, from syn- + chrono- + -scope, from Ancient Greek σύν (sún)+χρόνος (khrónos)+σκοπέω (skopéō).
auricula
Unadapted borrowing from Latin auricula (“external ear; ear”). Doublet of auricle.
holier-than-thou
From Isaiah 65:5 in the Bible (King James Version; spelling modernized): “Stand by thyself, come not near to me; for I am holier than thou”; from Biblical Hebrew קְדַשְׁתִּיךָ (qəḏaštîḵā).
anatiferous
From Latin anas, anat- (“duck”) + -i- + -ferous.
polypus
From Latin polypus, from Ancient Greek πολύπους (polúpous). Doublet of polyp.
sufferance
From Middle English sufferaunce, from Anglo-Norman suffraunce, from Late Latin sufferentia. By surface analysis, suffer + -ance.
barrenness
From Middle English bareynnesse; equivalent to barren + -ness.
incitement
From French incitement, from Latin incitāmentum (“incentive; incitement”), from incitō (“urge; quicken; incite”, verb). Equivalent to incite + -ment.
personify
From French personnifier. By surface analysis, person + -ify or person(a) + -ify.
guider
From Middle English gider, gyder, equivalent to guide + -er. Compare Old French guidëor.
conservator
From Middle English conservatour, from Anglo-Norman conservatour, from Latin cōnservātor (“one who conserves”), agent noun from cōnservō (“to preserve”).
claimant
From Old French and Anglo-Norman clamant, present participle of the verb clamer and its variants, from Latin clāmō (“to cry out”), equivalent to claim + -ant. Compare clamant.
picker
From Middle English pikere, pykare, equivalent to pick + -er.
Various origins:
* From picker, an English occupational surname for someone who used a pick.
* Borrowed from German Picker, an occupational surname for someone who used a pickaxe.
* Borrowed from Dutch Picker, an occupational surname for a stonemason or for a reaper or mower.
* Jewish Ashkenazi nickname for a glutton, from Yiddish פּיקן (pikn, “to peck”).
coryza
Borrowed from Latin corȳza, from Ancient Greek κόρυζα (kóruza, “nasal mucus”).
charnel
From Middle English charnel, from Old French charnel, carnel, from Late Latin carnāle (“graveyard”), from Latin carnālis, or possibly an alteration of Anglo-Norman charner, from Medieval Latin carnārium (“charnel”). Displaced Middle English fleshusse, from Old English flǣsċhūs.
From Old French charnel, from Latin cardinālis (“relating to a hinge”); related to French charnière.
enchanter
From Middle English enchantour, from Old French enchanteor (Modern French enchanteur), from Latin incantātor (“enchanter; spellcaster; conjurer”), from incantāre (“to sing, to consecrate with spells”). Doublet of incantator. Equivalent to enchant + -er.
unanswered
From Middle English unansuered, unanswerd, equivalent to un- + answered.
procurator
Inherited from Middle English procuratour, from Anglo-Norman procuratour, from Latin prōcūrātor, from prōcūrō (“to procure”) (English procure). Equivalent to procure + -ator and a doublet of proctor and procurer.
head man
From Middle English heed man, from Old English hēafodmann (“leader; captain, head of a group”), from Proto-West Germanic *haubidamann, equivalent to head + man. Cognate with Dutch hoofdman (“chief; chieftain”), German Hauptmann (“captain”), Swedish huvudman (“chief; principal; leader”). Compare also English headsman. Doublet of hetman.
revocation
From Middle English revocacioun, revocation, from Old French revocacion, from Latin revocationem (accusative of revocatio); equivalent to revoke + -ation.
habituate
Inherited from Middle English habituat(e) (“physically established or present”), borrowed from Late Latin habituātus, perfect passive participle of habituō (“to bring into a condition or habit of body”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
unfruitful
From Middle English unfruytful; equivalent to un- + fruitful.
homewards
From Middle English homwardes, hamwardes, from Old English hāmweardes, equivalent to home + -wards. Cognate with Dutch heimwaarts, German heimwärts (“homewards”).
derangement
Borrowed from French dérangement, equivalent to derange + -ment.
perfidious
From Latin perfidiōsus (“treacherous”), from perfidia.
southeastern
From Middle English *southesterne, from Old English sūþēasterne, equivalent to south + eastern.
taiga
From Russian тайга́ (tajgá), from South Siberian Turkic (Altai region, for example the Altay or Shor language, cf Khakas: тағ (tağ)), or alternatively Yakut тайга (tayga, “untraversable forest”). Doublet of Tayga.
sagely
From Middle English sagely, sagilly, equivalent to sage + -ly (adverbial suffix).
sanctification
From Old French sanctificacion, from ecclesiastical Latin sanctificātionem, from sanctificāre (“to sanctify”).
sapience
From Middle English sapience, from Old French sapience, from Latin sapientia.
Uppsala
Borrowed from Swedish Uppsala, from Old Norse Uppsalir (literally “upper halls, upper dwellings”), from upp (“up”) + salir (“halls, rooms”, plural of salr).
Inupiak
From Inupiaq Iñupiaq, from iñuk (“person”) + piaq (“real, true, genuine”).