MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
roister
From Old French rustre, from Latin rusticus. Doublet of rustic.
sutor
From Latin sūtor.
A variant of Suter or borrowed from German and Polish Sutor, an occupational surname for a tailor or shoemaker.
verity
From Middle English verite, from Anglo-Norman verité or Middle French verité, from Old French verité, from Latin vēritās, from the adjective vērus (“true”).
audition
Borrowed from Middle French audicion, from Latin audītiō, from audiō (“to hear”).
descant
From Anglo-Norman descaunt, from Medieval Latin discantus. Doublet of discant.
abseil
From German abseilen, from ab- (“down”) + Seil (“rope”).
vitrine
Borrowed from French vitrine, from vitre (“pane of glass”), from Old French, from Latin vitrum (“glass”).
hypocrite
From Old French ypocrite (Modern French hypocrite), from Latin hypocrita, from Ancient Greek ὑποκριτής (hupokritḗs, “actor, hypocrite”), from ὑποκρίνομαι (hupokrínomai, “to answer, act, feign”). Displaced native Old English līċettere.
sclerosis
From Ancient Greek σκλήρωσις (sklḗrōsis, “hardening”), from σκληρόω (sklēróō, “to harden”), from σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”); by surface analysis, sclero- + -osis.
gastric
From New Latin gastricus, from Ancient Greek γαστήρ, γαστρός (gastḗr, gastrós, “stomach”). By surface analysis, gastr- + -ic; Doublet of gastrique.
damson
From Middle English damascene, damasyn, damacene, from Latin prūnum damascēnum (“Damascene plum, plum of Damascus”). Doublet of damascene.
chalet
Borrowed from French chalet, from Franco-Provençal çhalè (“herdsman's hut in the mountains”).
downtrodden
From Middle English *dountroden, past participle of Middle English dountreden (“to tread down, trample”), equivalent to down- + trodden.
dragonnade
Borrowed from French dragonnade, from dragon (“dragoon”) + -ade.
chervil
From Middle English chervell, from Old English cerfille, from Anglo-Norman chervele (compare Jèrriais chèrfi), from Latin caerefolium, from Ancient Greek χαιρέφυλλον (khairéphullon).
lovage
From Middle English loveache, a folk-etymological alteration, after love and ache (“parsley”), of Anglo-Norman luvasche and Old French luvache, loveche et al., and Middle French levesche, from Latin levisticum, probably alteration of Latin ligusticum, substantivization of the neuter of Ligusticus (“Ligurian”), ultimately from Ancient Greek Λιγυστικός (Ligustikós, “Ligurian”), from Λίγυς (Lígus, “Ligurian”). This replaced the Old English name lufestiċe (literally “love-stitch”), which was also derived from levisticum and altered by folk-etymology.
toughness
From Middle English toughnesse, towghnesse, towghenesse, equivalent to tough + -ness.
checker
From Middle English cheker, aphetic from Anglo-Norman escheker (“chessboard”), from Latin scaccarium, thus ultimately morpheme-for-morpheme cognate to etymology 1.
graben
Borrowed from German Graben (“ditch”), from the verb graben (“to dig”).
redaction
From French rédaction or its etymon New Latin redactiō (“redaction”), from Latin redigō (“to lead back, collect, prepare, reduce to a certain state”), from red- (“back”) + agō (“to put in motion, to drive”). By surface analysis, redact + -ion.
Sonya
Borrowed from Russian and Ukrainian Со́ня (Sónja), an informal pet form of Со́фья (Sófʹja), Софі́я (Sofíja) or Софи́я (Sofíja, “Sofia, Sophia”), from the Ancient Greek σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”). It was introduced into English through 19th century Russian literature and taken into general use in early twentieth century.
geno-
From the stem of Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “race, kind”), also Ancient Greek γεννάω (gennáō, “to produce”) and
from Latin gēns (“tribe, clan”).
babassu
Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *kˀɨp
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔɨβ
Proto-Tupian *ʔa
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ʔa
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨˀβa
Old Tupi 'ybá
Proto-Tupian *-at͡ʃu
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-wat͡ʃu
Old Tupi -gûasu
Old Tupi 'ybagûasu
Nheengatu babasúbor.
Portuguese babaçubor.
English babassu
Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese babaçu (formerly spelled babassu).
flibbertigibbet
From late Middle English [Term?] first attested 1549 probably imitative of nonsense uttered by gossips. Usage as an imp or fiend and name of the Devil from around 1603.
Alternatively (but far less likely), an alteration of flibbergib (“toady, sycophant”), derived potentially from an Old Norse *fleipra-geipa(re) (“babbler of nonsense”). The hypothetical Old Norse term would have been a compound of fleipra (a variant of fleipa (“to babble, tattle”)), and geipa (“to talk nonsense, to boast”) or geipare (“one who speaks nonsense, braggart”). fleipa is notably the ancestor to the flip- part of the English word flippant. It is of note that the original meaning of flibbergib was “chatterer”.
genteel
Borrowed from French gentil (“gentile”), from Latin gentīlis (“of or belonging to the same people or nation”), from gēns (“clan; tribe; people, family”) + adjective suffix -īlis (“-ile”). Doublet of gentle, gentile, and jaunty. See also gens, gender, genus, and generation.
exemplary
From Middle French exemplaire (“exemplary; a copy, facsimile; an example; a sample, specimen”), from Latin exemplāris (“exemplary; a copy, facsimile”), from exemplum (“an example; a sample; a copy or transcript”). By surface analysis, example + -ary. Doublet of exemplar. First use as a noun appears c. 1425, as an adjective, c. 1507.
dismember
From Middle English, from Old French desmembrer, from des- (“de-”) + membre (“limb”) + -er (“verbal suffix”).
difficile
From late Old French difficile, from Latin difficilis, from dis- + facilis (“easy”).
sommelier
Borrowed from French sommelier (“originally, a person in charge of the beasts of burden carrying wine”), from somme (“pack”) + -ier (suffix forming the names of jobs). somme is from Vulgar Latin *sauma, from Latin sagma (“packsaddle”).
Prakash
Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रकाश (prakāśa, “light”).
blaeberry
From Middle English bloberi; equivalent to blae (“bluish gray”) + berry.
cantaloupe
From French cantaloup, from Italian Cantalupo (a place name), from Italian canto + lupo, literally "howl of the wolf".
Named after Cantalupo in Sabina, a former Papal summer estate near Rome, where the melons were first grown after being introduced to Europe.
Dhivehi
From Dhivehi ދިވެހި (divehi).
albaspine
From Latin albus (“white”) + spine. Cognate with French aubépine.
albata
From Latin albata (“whitened”), the past participle of albāre (“to whiten”), from albus (“white”) + -āre (suffix forming verbs).
alpha and omega
From alpha and omega, first and final letters of the Greek Alphabet, from Revelation 1:8, see quotations. Translation of Ancient Greek τὸ ἄλφα καὶ τὸ ὦ (tò álpha kaì tò ô).
archbishopric
From Middle English erchebischopriche, from Old English arċebisċeoprīce, arċebisċoprīċe, equivalent to archbishop + -ric.
instantiation
A coinage of the twentieth century, from instantiate + -ion, itself coined in 1946 from instance + -ate. The latter, in the sense "a case, an example", from Middle English instance, from Medieval Latin īnstantia (“a being near, presence; also perseverance, earnestness, importunity, urgency”), from Latin īnstāns (“urgent”); see English instant.
bindaas
Transliteration of Bombay Hindi बिंदास (bindās), from Marathi बिनधास्त (bindhāsta, literally “without fear”).
greige
The adjective is borrowed from French grège and Middle French grège (“of silk: raw, unfinished; of the colour of such silk, greyish-beige”, adjective), from Italian greggio (“raw, unrefined; unbleached”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Vulgar Latin *gregius (as in lana *gregia (“untreated wool as obtained from the flock”)), from grex (“flock (of sheep, etc.)”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger- (“flock, herd; to gather”).
The noun is borrowed from French grège and Middle French grège (“raw or unfinished silk; the colour of such silk, greyish-beige”, noun), from Italian greggio: see above.
The spelling of the word is probably influenced by beige, likely because it was thought to be a blend of grey and beige.
balti
From Urdu بالٹی (baalti, “pail”), originally coined by Birmingham restaurateur Afzal Butt because English people had difficulty pronouncing karahi, the name of the dish used for cooking this food.
saltimbocca
Borrowed from Italian saltimbocca, univerbation of saltare (“to leap”) + in (“into”) + bocca (“mouth”).
burnet
From Middle English burnet, from Old French brunet, brunete (“brunette”). Doublet of brunette.
riposte
From French riposte, taken from Italian risposta, a derivative of the verb rispondere (“to respond”).
nutshell
From Middle English notschelle, from Old English hnutsċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *hnutskallju, equivalent to nut + shell. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Nuteskele, Nuteskil (“nutshell”), Dutch notenschaal (“nutshell”), German Nussschale (“nutshell”).
Anglophile
From Anglo- + -phile, probably partly after French anglophile.
biblioklept
From biblio- (“book”) + Ancient Greek κλέπτης (kléptēs, “thief”).
cordillera
From Spanish cordillera, from Old Spanish cordilla, cordiella, diminutive of cuerda (“a rope, string”). See cord.
showing
From Middle English schewynge, schewand, schewande, schewende, from Old English sċēawiende, from Proto-West Germanic *skauwōndī, from Proto-Germanic *skawwōndz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to look, observe”), equivalent to show + -ing.
From Middle English schewyng, schewinge, from Old English sċēawung (“a looking at, contemplation, consideration; respect, regard; survey, examination; a show, appearance, pretense”), from Proto-West Germanic *skauwungu, from Proto-Germanic *skawwungō, equivalent to show + -ing. Cognate with Dutch schouwing (“inspection, survey”), German Schauung (“vision”).
asking
From Middle English askinge, askande, from Old English āsciende, from Proto-West Germanic *aiskōndī, present participle of Proto-West Germanic *aiskōn (“to ask”), equivalent to ask + -ing.
From Middle English asking, askyng, askynge, from Old English āscung (“asking; question; inquiry”), from Proto-West Germanic *aiskungu, equivalent to ask + -ing.
holiness
From Middle English holynesse, holinesse, halinesse, from Old English hāliġnes (“holiness, a holy thing, rites”), from Proto-West Germanic *hailagnassī, equivalent to holy + -ness. Cognate with West Frisian hilligens (“holiness”), Old High German heilagnissi, heilīgnissi (“holiness”), whence Middle High German heilignis (“halidom”).
woodman
From Middle English woodeman, wodeman, from Old English wudemann, wudumann (“woodman”), equivalent to wood + -man.
welcomer
From Middle English welcomer, welcomere, equivalent to welcome + -er (agent suffix).
idealist
From French idéaliste, from Late Latin idealis (“ideal”), from Latin idea (“idea”), equivalent to ideal + -ist.
hibakusha
Attested in the mid-20th century, borrowed from Japanese 被爆者 (hibakusha, literally “bomb-affected person”).
hydro-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Hellenic *údōr
Ancient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr)
Ancient Greek ῠ̔δρο- (hŭdro-)der.
English hydro-
From Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-), from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”).
meningitis
From Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mênĭnx) + -itis, equivalent to meninge + -itis.
Maghreb
From Arabic مَغْرِب (maḡrib, literally “where the sun sets, the West”), noun of place from غَرَبَ (ḡaraba, “to set, to go down”).
kempt
Originally a past participle of kemb, from Middle English kemben, from Old English cemban (“to comb”). Modern uses are back-formations from the negative unkempt. More at kemb, comb.
tikka masala
First attested in the 1970s. Borrowed from Hindi टिक्का मसाला (ṭikkā masālā, “spicy pieces”).
tikka
Borrowed from Hindustani टिक्का (ṭikkā, “piece”) / ٹِکّہ (ṭikka), ultimately from Classical Persian تکه (tikka).
tandoori
Borrowed from Hindustani तन्दूरी (tandūrī) / تندوری (tandūrī), from Classical Persian تنوری (tanūrī).
tandoor
Borrowed from Hindustani तंदूर (tandūr) / تندور (tandūr), from Classical Persian تنور (tannūr), from Middle Persian [script needed] (tnwl /⁠tanūr⁠/, “oven”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒋾𒂟 (tinūru), all meaning "(clay) oven". Compare also Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬥𐬏𐬭𐬀 (tanūra). Doublet of athanor.
sorority
PIE word
 *swésōr
From Renaissance Latin sorōritās, from Latin soror (“sister”), from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr. Akin to Spanish sororidad, Portuguese sororidade, French sororité.
panettone
Borrowed from Italian panettone, from Lombard panaton, an augmentative of pan (“bread”).
Medicine Hat
Calque of Blackfoot saamis (“eagle-feather headdress worn by medicine men”)
quaking
From Middle English quakinge, quakyng, from Old English cwacung (“quaking, trembling”), equivalent to quake + -ing.
From Middle English quakynge, quakand, from Old English cwaciende (“quaking”), present participle of Old English cwacian (“to quake, tremble”); equivalent to quake + -ing.
scald
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs
Proto-Italic *eks
Latin ex
Latin ex-
Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *kalēō
Latin caleō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin calidus
Latin caldus
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin excaldō
Old Northern French escalderbor.
Middle English scalden
English scald
From Middle English scalden, assumed to stem from Old Northern French escalder (compare central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”).
Cognate with Old Swedish skalda, skolda, skolla, skala, Swedish skålla, Danish skolde, Norwegian skålda, skaalda, Icelandic skálda.
Also compare Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”), to skalli (“baldness”), borrowed as Middle English scalle (“hair loss infektion, rash, blistering”), English scall.
medicine man
Probably a calque of Ojibwe mashkikiiwinini (“doctor”), from mashkiki (“medicine”) + inini (“man”).
nihilartikel
Borrowed from German Nihilartikel, apparently coined as a hoax in the German-language Wikipedia in 2003 and later picked up by the English Wikipedia, from where it spread to blogs, books, etc., which are now used again as references for these sites, leading to a form of citogenesis.
stormy
From Middle English stormy, stormi, from Old English *stormiġ (“stormy”), equivalent to storm + -y. Cognate with Dutch stormig (“stormy”), German stürmisch (“stormy”), Swedish stormig (“stormy”).
AUC
From Latin AUC, (anno) ab urbe condita (“from the founding of the city”) or anno urbis conditae (“in the year of the city's having been founded”), both in reference to Rome's legendary establishment by Romulus. The era was not in common use by the Romans, who preferred dating by the years' consuls, but Roman historians give several dates for this era. The one most commonly used in the present day is Varro's, which dates from the third year of the sixth Olympiad (753 bc).
Hagiographa
From Middle English agiogrofa, Agiogropha, from Medieval Latin hagiographa, from Ancient Greek ἁγιόγραφα (hagiógrapha), from ἅγιος (hágios, “holy, saintly”) + γρᾰ́φω (grắphō, “to write”).
ganache
Borrowed from French ganache, from Italian ganascia (“jaw”), ultimately from Ancient Greek γνάθος (gnáthos) (see gnatho-).
ubuntu
Etymology tree
Proto-Bantu *bʊ̀ntʊ̀
Zulu ubúntubor.
Proto-Bantu *bʊ̀ntʊ̀
Xhosa úbúntubor.
English ubuntu
Loanword from Zulu ubuntu (“humanity”) and Xhosa ubuntu (“humaneness, solidarity”).
procurer
Inherited from Middle English procurour, from Anglo-Norman procurour and continental Old French procureor, from Latin prōcūrātor; by surface analysis, procure + er. Doublet of proctor and procurator.
perorate
First attested in 1603; borrowed from Latin perōrātus, perfect passive participle of perōrō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). By surface analysis, per- + orate.
Pomeranian
From Pomerania + -an. Through Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off”), distant doublet of pomegranate, whose first element is from Latin pomum, which itself is from Proto-Italic *poomos (“taken off > fruit”).
largesse
From Middle English larges, largess, largesse [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman largece, largesce, Middle French largece, largesce, largesse, and Old French largesce (“breadth, width; request for a monetary gift; (act of) generous giving; (chiefly in the plural) generous gift; generosity, liberality”) (in Anglo-Norman also “liberty; privilege”; modern French largesse), from large (“big, large; generous; wide”).
embroil
PIE word
 *h₁én
The verb is borrowed from French embrouiller (“to entangle”), from em- (a variant of en- (prefix meaning ‘in; into’)) + brouiller (“to confuse, mix up”) (ultimately from Vulgar Latin *brodiculāre, from *brodicāre, from Late Latin brodium (“broth, stew; mixture”), from Frankish *broþ (“broth”), from Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“stock, broth”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil; to brew”)).
The noun is derived from the verb.
Cognates
* Italian imbrogliare
* Spanish embrollar
From em- (a variant of en- (intensifying prefix)) + broil (“to expose to great heat; (obsolete) to burn”) (from Late Middle English broilen, brulen (“to burn; to scorch, singe; (cooking) to broil, grill”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Old French bruler, bruillir, brusler (“to burn”) (modern French brûler), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrew- (“to boil; to brew”)).
perempt
Borrowed from Latin peremptum, past participle of perimere.
plentifully
From Middle English plentefully, plentefullych, plentyfullyche, equivalent to plentiful + -ly.
preferment
From Middle English preferment, preferrement, prefferment; equivalent to prefer + -ment.
plenitude
From Middle English plenitude, that borrowed from Anglo-Norman plenitude, Middle French plenitude, and their source, Latin plēnitūdō.
preferable
From prefer + -able, probably after Middle French preferable. Compare preference, preferential, etc.
purgation
From Middle English purgacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman purgacion, itself borrowed from Latin pūrgātiō; equivalent to purge + -ation.
knout
Via French knout from Russian кнут (knut), from Old East Slavic кнутъ (knutŭ), from Old Norse knútr (“knot in a cord”). Doublet of knot, node, and nodus.
Dani
* As an Italian, Slovak (Dáni), Romanian, and German surname, from diminutives of the given name Daniel.
* As an Albanian surname, from Dan, a short form of the Islamic name Ramadan.
* As an Indian surname, borrowed from Gujarati દાણી (dāṇī), from Sanskrit दानिन् (dānin, “giving, generous”).
taverna
From Greek ταβέρνα (tavérna), from Latin taberna. Doublet of taberna and tavern.
Borrowed from Italian Taverna.
vaginal
Borrowed from New Latin vāgīnālis, from vāgīna (“a covering, sheath; the vagina”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to vagina + -al.
novation
Borrowed from Latin novātiō (“a renewing, rennovation”), from novō, from novus (“new”). Compare novel, novelty.
dissection
Borrowed from Latin dissectiōnem, perhaps via Middle French dissection. By surface analysis, dissect + -ion.
dissonance
Borrowed from Middle French dissonance, from Latin dissonantia; by surface analysis, dis- + son- + -ance.
poniard
Borrowed from Middle French poignard, from poing (“fist”), from Old French poing, from Latin pugnus (“fist”).
speculate
Borrowed from Latin speculātus, perfect active participle of speculor (“to watch, observe, examine, spy”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from specula (“a watchtower”), ultimately from speciō (“to look at”).
Spartan
From Middle English Spartan, Spertan, from Latin Spartānus, from Sparta + -ānus, equivalent to Sparta + -an.
soulless
From Middle English soulelez; equivalent to soul + -less. Compare Old English sāwollēas; the Middle English word likely is a re-formation.
symptomatic
Borrowed from French symptomatique, from New Latin symptomaticus, from Ancient Greek συμπτωματικός (sumptōmatikós, “of or pertaining to a chance (or a symptom), casual”), from σύμπτωμα (súmptōma, “a symptom”). By surface analysis, symptom + -atic.
timbromania
From timbre (“postage stamp”) + -o- + -mania, borrowed from French timbromanie.
tinct
From Middle English tynct (noun) and tincten, tyncten, tynkten (verb), borrowed from Latin tīnctus, past participle of tingō (“to tinge”). Doublet of tint.
laparoscopy
From laparo- (“flank”) + -scopy, after German Laparoskopie.
skiascopy
From Ancient Greek σκιά (skiá, “shadow”) + -scopy.
meekness
From Middle English mekenesse, meknes, meocnesse; equivalent to meek + -ness.
epaulet
From French épaulette, from épaule (“shoulder”) + -ette (diminutive).
oread
From Latin Orēas, Orēadis, from Ancient Greek Ὀρειάς (Oreiás), from ὄρος (óros, “mountain”).
hospitable
Borrowed from Middle French hospitable, formed from the root of Latin hospitare with the suffix -able. Displaced native Old English cumlīþe (literally “guest-gentle”).
roseola
From New Latin roseola, from diminutive of Latin rosa (“a rose”).
triumvirate
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tréyes
Proto-Italic *trēs
Latin trium
Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁-?
Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós
Proto-Italic *wiros
Latin vir
Latin triumvir
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Italic *-tus
Latin -tus, -tūs
Latin -ātus
Latin triumvirātuslbor.
▲
Latin -ātusder.
English -ate
English triumvirate
Learned borrowing from Latin triumvirātus (“triumvirate”) (see -ate (suffix forming nouns denoting offices or ranks)), itself derived from triumvir (“member of a triumvirate”) + -ātus (“-ate”, suffix forming nouns denoting offices or ranks, or groups of officials associated with such offices or ranks); and triumvir from trium (“of three”) (the genitive form of trēs (“three”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes (“three”)) + vir (“adult male human, man”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man”)). By surface analysis, triumvir + -ate.
camphor
From Old French camphore or Medieval Latin camphora, from Arabic كَافُور (kāfūr), in turn from an Austronesian word such as Malay kapur.
brazier
From Middle English brasiere, from brasen (“to cover with brass”), from Old English brasian, bræsian (“to cover with brass”). By surface analysis, bras(s) + -ier.
From French brasier (“pan of hot coals”), from Middle French braisier, from Old French brasier, from brese (“embers, hot coals”), of Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brasō. See braise.
bahar
From Egyptian Arabic بهار (bahār) or other dialects, Arabic بُهَار (buhār).
Borrowed from Arabic بَهَار (bahār, “spice, seasoning”), perhaps a metonymic occupational surname for a spicer. It could also be a variant of Bahir.
thrill
From Old English þȳrlian (“to pierce”), derived from þȳrel (“hole”) (archaic English thirl). Doublet of thirl (verb).
shudder
From Middle English schoderen, from Middle Dutch schudderen and/or Middle Low German schodderen, iterative forms of the verb at hand in Dutch schudden, Low German schüdden (both “to shake”), German schütten (“to pour”), from Proto-Germanic *skudjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skewdʰ-. From Low German are also borrowed German schaudern (“to shudder”), Danish skudre.
arquebusier
From Middle French arquebusier, hacquebousier, corresponding to arquebus + -ier.
Lazarus
From Late Latin Lazarus, from Koine Greek Λᾱ́ζᾱρος (Lā́zāros), the given name of Biblical figures mentioned in Luke 16 and John 12, from Biblical Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר ('El'azár), a given name shared by various people in the Hebrew Bible and literally meaning "God has helped". Doublet of Eleazar.
halter
From Middle English halter, helter, helfter, from Old English hælfter, hælftre (“halter”), from Proto-West Germanic *halftrijā (“harness”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut”), equivalent to half- + -ter.
Cognate with Scots helter (“halter”), Dutch halfter, halster (“halter”), Low German halfter, helchter, halter (“halter”), German Halfter (“halter, holster”).