MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
perspiration
Borrowed from late Middle French perspiration, from perspirer (“perspire”), from Latin perspirare (“to blow or breathe constantly”), from per (“through”) + spirare (“to breathe, blow”). Morphologically perspire + -ation.
dyspnea
Variant spelling of dyspnoea, a learned borrowing from Latin dyspnoea (“difficulty breathing”), from Ancient Greek δῠ́σπνοιᾰ (dŭ́spnoiă, “difficulty breathing, shortness of breath”), from δῠ́σπνοος (dŭ́spnoos, “short of breath, breathing with difficulty”, adjective) (also δῠ́σπνους (dŭ́spnous) by contraction) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, suffix forming abstract nouns). Δῠ́σπνοος (Dŭ́spnoos) is derived from δῠσ- (dŭs-, prefix meaning ‘bad; difficult, hard; unfortunate’) + πνέω (pnéō, “to blow; to breathe”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe; to pant”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as dys- (prefix meaning ‘abnormal; difficult; disease’) + -pnea (suffix meaning ‘breathing, respiration’).
dysphoria
From Ancient Greek δυσφορία (dusphoría, “excessive pain”), from δύσφορος (dúsphoros, “grievous”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + φέρω (phérō, “I bear, carry”).
dysarthria
From international scientific vocabulary, from German Dysarthrie. By surface analysis, dys- + -arthria.
dysphonia
From Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “ill, hard”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, voice”), equivalent to dys- + -phonia.
slaughter
From Middle English slaughter, from Old Norse *slahtr, later sláttr, from Proto-Germanic *slahtrą, from Proto-Germanic *slahaną. Equivalent to slay + -ter (as in laughter). Eventually derived from Proto-Indo-European *slak- (“to hit, strike, throw”). Related with Dutch slachten, German schlachten, Finnish lahdata (all “to slaughter”).
mould
Via Middle English molde, moulde (“mould, cast”) and Old French modle, from Latin modulus.
From Middle English mowlde, noun use and alteration of mowled, past participle of moulen, mawlen (“to grow mouldy”), from Old Norse mygla (compare dialectal Danish mugle), from Proto-Germanic *muglōną, diminutive and denominative of *mukiz (“soft substance”) (compare Old Norse myki, mykr (“cow dung”)), from Proto-Indo-European *mewk- (“slick, soft”). More at muck and meek.
From Old English molde. Cognate with Old High German molta, Old Norse mold and Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (mulda).
English surname, from the Middle English personal name Mauld, reduced from Anglo-Norman Mathilde, a form of the name Matilda. This was a learned borrowing much less common than the vernacular forms Mahalt, Maud and the reduced pet form Till.
erupt
From Latin eruptus, past participle of ērumpō (“to break out (of), to burst out (from)”), from e (“out”) + rumpō (“to break”).
wheal
From Middle English whele (“boil”), from Old English *hwele (“boil”); related to Old English hwelian (“to fester, ulcerate”). Compare also Old English hwelca, hwylca (“an inflamed swelling, pustule”).
Borrowed from Cornish hwel.
magic square
As magical square by 1670 and magic square by 1701 (see Citations). Calque of French quarré magique or Latin quadratum magicum. Magic refers to its original function as a talisman.
episiotomy
From episio- + -tomy (“surgical incision”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσιον (epísion, “pubic region”) + τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”)).
coercion
Inherited from Middle English cohercioun, from Old French cohercion, from Latin coërcitiō (“magisterial coercion”), from past participle coercitus of coërceō (“to restrain, coerce”), from co- (“with”) + arceō (“to shut in, enclose”); see coerce.
carcajou
Borrowed from French carcajou, probably from the same Algonquian source as (certainly related to) kinkajou.
plage
From French plage, from Late Latin plagia, from Latin plaga (“region”) (cognate with English flake). Doublet of playa.
provincial
From Middle English provincial, from Old French provincial, from Latin prōvinciālis (“of a province”), equivalent to province + -ial.
polis
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tpelH-
Proto-Hellenic *ptólis
Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis)lbor.
English polis
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).
Borrowed from Scots polis. Doublet of police, policy, and polity.
nauseous
From Latin nauseōsus (“causing nausea”), corresponding synchronically to nausea + -ous.
beatnik
Coined by American columnist Herb Caen in 1958. From beat (generation) + -nik (“person who exemplifies or endorses something”). Compare jazznik.
The suffix, a cutesy or ironic use of the Russian suffix -ник (-nik), experienced a surge of use in English coinages for nicknames and diminutives after the 1957 Soviet launch of the Sputnik satellite.
nihilism
Probably borrowed from French nihilisme, German Nihilismus, or Late Latin nihilismus; the French, German, and Latin words are derived from Latin nihil (“indefinite nothing”), from nihilum (“nothing”), from ne- (prefix negating the principal meaning) + hīlum (“a trifle; not in the least”). The English word is cognate with Italian nichilismo, Spanish nihilismo, Russian нигили́зм (nigilízm), philosophical doctrine grounded on negation of one or more meaningful aspects of life; emptiness; lack of education and cultural refinement.
Borrowed from Russian нигили́зм (nigilízm).
naive
Borrowed from French naïve, feminine form of naïf, from Latin nātīvus (“native, natural”). Doublet of native.
behest
From Middle English biheste, from Old English behǣs (“vow, promise”), from Proto-West Germanic *bihaisi, from *bi- (“be-”) + *haisi (“command”), from Proto-Germanic *haisiz, from *haitaną (“to command”). Final -t by analogy with other similar words in -t. Related to Old English behātan (“to command, promise”), Middle Low German beheit, behēt (“a promise”). Compare also hest (“command”), hight.
chum
1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).
Originally American English, from the 1850s. Perhaps from Powhatan.
From Chinook Jargon tzum (“spotted, marked”), from Chinook.
From Russian чум (čum), from Komi-Zyrian чум (ćum) and/or Udmurt чум (ćum, “tent, shelter”).
Borrowed from Czech.
heft
The noun is derived from Late Middle English heft (“heaviness; something heavy, a weight”), from heven (“to lift, raise”) + -th (suffix denoting a condition, quality, state of being, etc., forming nouns), by analogy with the development of weft from weven (modern English weave), etc. (also compare words like cleft from cleave, and theft from thieve, where the development occurred in Old English or earlier languages). The English word is analysable as heave + -t (suffix forming nouns from verbs).
The verb is probably derived from the noun.
The noun is borrowed from Scots heft, haft (“pasture which sheep are familiar with; attachment of sheep to a pasture; number of sheep grazing on such a pasture; (obsolete) place of residence; situation”), probably from Old Norse hefð (“occupation; possession; prescriptive right”), from hafa (“to have; to keep, retain”), from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have; to hold”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-, *keh₂p- (“to hold; to seize”).
The verb is borrowed from Scots heft (“to cause (cattle or sheep) to become familiar with a pasture; of animals: to become familiar with a pasture; (figurative) of a person: to become settled in an occupation or place”), probably from Old Norse hefða (“to acquire prescriptive rights”), from hefð (noun): see above.
Both the noun and verb may have been influenced by Scots heft (“(noun) handle of an implement, haft; (verb) to fit (an implement) with a handle”).
Borrowed from Scots heft, from Old Norse hepta (“to bind; to hinder, impede; to hold back, restrain”), from Proto-Germanic *haftijaną (“to bind; to secure”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to hold, seize”).
Borrowed from German Heft (“issue of a serial publication, number; magazine; notebook; notepad”), a back-formation from heften (“to fasten”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *haftijaną (“to bind; to secure”): see further at etymology 4.
monocle
1886, borrowed from French monocle, from Late Latin monoculus (“one-eyed”), from mono- (“single”) + oculus (“eye”).
juicy
From Middle English jousy, jowsy (“drunken”, literally “full of juice (liquor)”). By surface analysis, juic(e) + -y.
maxim
From Anglo-Norman maxime and Middle French maxime, from Late Latin maxima (“axiom”), noun use of the feminine singular form of Latin maximus (apparently as used in the phrase prōpositiō maxima (“greatest premise”)). Doublet of maxima.
denominator
Learned borrowing from Late Latin dēnōminātor (“that which names”).
sunshine
In the Coverdale Bible in 1535, in Genesis and Exodus about 1250 as Middle English sunnesine; synchronically sun + shine. Compare isolated Old English sunsċīn (“mirror”).
redolent
From Middle English redolent (first attested in 1400), from Old French redolent, from Latin redolentem, present participle of redoleō (“to emit a scent”), from red- + oleō (“to smell”).
chatter
Etymology tree
Middle English cheteren, chiteren (Imitative)der.
Middle English chateren
English chatter
From Middle English chateren, from earlier cheteren, chiteren (“to twitter, chatter, jabber”), of imitative origin. Compare Saterland Frisian tjoaterje (“to chatter”), West Frisian tsjotterje (“to chatter”), Dutch schateren, schetteren (“chatter”), Dutch koeteren (“jabber”), Middle Low German kidderen (“to chatter”), German Low German queteln (“to chatter”), dialectal German kaudern (“to gobble (like a turkey)”), Danish kvidre (“to twitter, chirp”).
aprosdoketon
From Ancient Greek ἀπροσδόκητος (aprosdókētos, “unexpected”).
histone
Borrowed from German Histon, perhaps from Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi, “make stand”) or ἱστός (histós, “loom”).
cation
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κᾰτῐόν (kătĭón), neuter present participle of κᾰ́τειμῐ (kắteimĭ, “to go down, come down”), from κᾰτᾰ- (kătă-, “downwards, down, cata-”) + εἶμῐ (eîmĭ, “to go, come”). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who introduced it later that year. By surface analysis, cat(a)- + ion.
urgent
Borrowed from Middle French urgent (“pressing, impelling”), from Latin urgēns, from urgēre (“to press”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵʰ- (“bind, squeeze”). Equivalent to urge + -ent. Related to German würgen (“to strangle”), Lithuanian ver̃žti (“to string, tighten, constrict”), Russian (poetic) отверза́ть (otverzátʹ, “to open”, literally “to untie”), Polish otwierać (“to open”)) and English worry, wring, wreak, wreck.
borstal
Inherited from Middle English *borstile, *borghstile, from Old English beorh (“a hill”) + stigel (“a stile”).
The institutions are named after Borstal Prison in Borstal, Rochester, Kent, England.
chaps
Short for American Spanish chaparreras or chaparejos. Related to chaparejos and chaparral.
sentry
From earlier sentrie, sentery, of uncertain origin. Perhaps an alteration of sentinel or sanctuary; or perhaps from Old French senteret (“a path”), diminutive of sentier, from Medieval Latin semitarius (“a path”).
anomalous
From Late Latin anōmalos, from Ancient Greek ἀνώμᾰλος (anṓmălos).
HP
Sense "home page" is a borrowing from Japanese HP (HP, “home page”), from English home page.
epitome
From Middle French, from Latin epitomē, from Ancient Greek ἐπιτομή (epitomḗ, “an abridgment, also a surface-incision”), from ἐπιτέμνω (epitémnō, “to cut upon the surface, cut short, abridge”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “up”) + τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”).
glide
From Middle English gliden, from Old English glīdan, from Proto-West Germanic *glīdan, from Proto-Germanic *glīdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰleydʰ-.
Cognate with West Frisian glide, glydzje, Low German glieden, Dutch glijden, German gleiten, Norwegian Nynorsk gli, Danish glide, Swedish glida, Finnish liitää.
fufufu
Borrowed from Japanese ふふふ (fufufu, onomatopoeia for the sound of laughter; compare English hahaha).
renminbi
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 人民幣／人民币 (rénmínbì, “people's currency”).
presence of mind
PIE word
 *h₁ésmi
Calque of Latin praesentia animī, from praesentia (“state of being present, presence”) + animī (the genitive singular of animus (“intellect, mind”)).
Detroit
From French détroit (“strait”) in Rivière du Détroit (Detroit River). Doublet of district, via Latin.
doozy
Unknown. First appearance 1903. Perhaps from daisy (“the flower”) (Rudyard Kipling used daisy in this sense) or the name of Italian actress Eleonora Duse. The automobile manufacturer Duesenberg is often erroneously cited as the origin, but the word existed more than a decade earlier. Alternatively, possibly from Polish duży, but this is chronologically unlikely and not attested in period sources.
woozy
From Middle English wosy (“muddy, miry”), from Middle English wose (“mud, slime, ooze”) + -y. Doublet of oozy. Perhaps influenced by boozy.
preparation
From Middle English preparacion, from Middle French preparacion, from Latin praeparatio, praeparationem. Morphologically prepare + -ation.
theater
Inherited from Middle English theater, theatre, from Old French theatre, from Latin theātrum, from Ancient Greek θέᾱτρον (théātron, “a place for viewing”), from θεᾰ́ομαι (theắomai, “to see", "to watch", "to observe”). Doublet of tiatr.
mandible
From late Middle English, from Late Latin mandibula (“a jaw”), from mandō (“to chew, masticate”) + -bula (instrument noun suffix).
mandibula
Unadapted borrowing from Late Latin mandibula (“a jaw”), from mandō (“to chew, masticate”) + -bula (instrument noun suffix).
dim sum
Borrowed from Cantonese 點心／点心 (dim² sam¹), literally “to touch the heart gently; to refresh the heart”.
bugle
Etymology tree
Anglo-Norman buglebor.
Middle English bugle
English bugle
Inherited from Middle English bugle, from Anglo-Norman bugle (“young ox, heifer; bugle”), from Latin būculus (“young ox, steer”).
From Late Latin bugulus (“a woman's ornament”), probably from Latin būculus.
From Middle English bugle (“bugleweed”), from Anglo-Norman and Old French bugle, from Medieval Latin bugilla, probably related to Late Latin bugillo.
kehillah
Borrowed from Hebrew קְהִילָּה (qəhîllâ, “a community, a congregation”).
gusto
Borrowed from Italian gusto, from Latin gustus (“taste”). Doublet of cost (see Etymology 3 there).
bok choy
Borrowed from Cantonese 白菜 (baak⁶ coi³, “white vegetable”). Doublet of pechay.
wyrm
Learned borrowing from Old English wyrm. Doublet of worm, which was inherited.
typhus
From New Latin typhus, from Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever, stupor”), from τύφω (túphō, “to smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-, extended form of *dʰew- (“scatter like dust”).
bonhomie
PIE word
 *dʰéǵʰōm
Borrowed from French bonhomie, bonhommie (“good-heartedness; extreme credulity”), from bonhomme (“chap, fellow; courageous man; peasant; unwise man who allows himself to be deceived and dominated”) (from bon (“good”) + homme (“man”)) + -ie (suffix forming feminine, usually abstract, nouns).
conscience
From Middle English conscience, from Old French conscience, from Latin conscientia (“knowledge within oneself”), from consciens, present participle of conscire (“to know, to be conscious (of wrong)”), from com- (“together”) + scire (“to know”).
tergiversate
Borrowed from Latin tergiversātus, perfect active participle of tergiversor (“to evade, to avoid, to turn one's back on”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from tergum (“back, hind”) + versor (“to turn”). Compare French tergiverser.
penurious
From Medieval Latin pēnūriōsus. See penury from Latin penuria (“want”), related to paene (“scarcely”), c. 1400. Compare French pénurie.
libation
From Latin lībātiō, from lībāre (“to take a little from anything, to taste, to pour out as an offering”).
parlous
From Middle English parles, parlous, perlous, [and other forms], a contraction of perilous (“dangerous; dreadful, terrible; morally corrupt, sinful, wicked; inauspicious, unlucky”) (and thus a doublet of perilous), from Old French perilleus, perillos, perillous, perilluse, perilleuse, perilleux (“very dangerous, perilous”) (modern French périlleux), from Latin perīculōsus (“dangerous, hazardous, perilous”), from perīculum (“danger, hazard, peril, risk”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go through, carry forth, try”)) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of, prone to’ forming adjectives).
Promethean
The adjective is derived from Prometheus (“demigod in Greek mythology”) + -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming agent nouns). Prometheus is a learned borrowing from Latin Promētheus, and from its etymon Ancient Greek Προμηθεύς (Promētheús), from προμηθής (promēthḗs, “having forethought”) (from προ- (pro-, prefix meaning ‘before’) + μᾰνθᾰ́νω (mănthắnō, “to learn; to know, understand”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to mind; to think”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”), in the sense of putting one’s mind to something)) + -εύς (-eús, suffix forming a masculine noun of the person concerned with a thing).
The noun is derived from the adjective.
barrage
Unadapted borrowing from French barrage (“barrage, barrier”) c. 1859. Compare barrier.
suburb
From Old French suburbe, subburbe, from Latin suburbium (from sub- (“under-”) + urbs (“city”)). Displaced native Old English underburg (literally “underborough”).
bikini
Etymology tree
Marshallese pik
Marshallese ni
Marshallese Pikinnibor.
German Bikinibor.
English Bikinibor.
French Bikini
French bikinibor.
English bikini
From French bikini, named after the place name Bikini, from English Bikini, the name of the atoll where the United States tested nuclear weapons in July 1946; it was reckoned that the bathing suit would cause as much excitement as a nuclear bomb. This name was originally from German Bikini, the colonial name of the atoll as part of German New Guinea, and this was derived from Marshallese Pikinni.
From German Bikini, the colonial name of the atoll as part of German New Guinea, and this was derived from Marshallese Pikinni.
maple
From Middle English mapel, from Old English *mapul (attested in mapultrēow and mapulder), from Proto-West Germanic *mapul.
See also Old Saxon mapulder, Old High German mazaltra, mazzaltra; also Old Norse mǫpurr, Middle Low German mapeldorn, dialectal Dutch meppel, German Masseller, Maßholder; also Old English mæsen (“maple”), Old Norse mǫsurr (“maple”), German Maser (“knob, offshoot”); also German Mase (“scar”), modern Maser (“speck, measle”). More at measles.
pubis
Genitive of Latin pubes (“the pubic hair”, collective). The noun was generalized from medical Latin os pubis, the pubic bone.
pubes
From Latin pubes (“the hair which appears on the body at the age of puberty, the genitals”), from pubes, puber (“grown up, of mature age; of plants, downy, pubescent”); see puberty.
mons pubis
From Latin mōns (“mountain, mound”) + genitive of pūbes (“pubic area”).
mons veneris
Borrowed from Latin mons veneris (literally “mount of Venus”).
palmate
Learned borrowing from Latin palmātus (“hand-shaped, palm-leaf shaped”), from palma (“palm, palm-tree”). Equivalent to palm + -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Compare French palmé.
klismaphilia
From Ancient Greek κλύσμα (klúsma, “enema”) [from Ancient Greek κατακλυσμός (kataklusmós, “deluge, flood”)] and φιλία (philía, “(fraternal) love”).
monokini
Borrowed from French monokini or simply mono- + -kini, punningly reinterpreting the first syllable of "bikini" as the prefix bi-.
palm tree
From Middle English palmetre, from Old English palmtrēow (“palm tree”), equivalent to palm + tree. Compare Danish palmetræ (“palm tree”), Swedish palmträd (“palm tree”), Norwegian palmetre (“palm tree”), Icelandic pálmatré (“palm tree”).
From Yiddish טייטלבוים (teytlboym, “date palm”).
scopophilia
From Ancient Greek σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”) + -philia (itself from the Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “love, fondness”)).
lancegay
From Middle English launcegay, from Old French lancegaye, from lance (“lance”) + zagaye (“assagai”).
somniferous
From Latin somnifer + -ous, from somnus (“sleep”) + ferre (“to bring”).
turpitude
Borrowed from Middle French turpitude, from Latin turpitūdō (“baseness, infamy”), from turpis (“foul, base”).
izzard
From Middle English izod, ezod, ezed, probably from Middle French et zede (literally “and zed”), as spoken when reciting the alphabet.
tryst
From Middle English tryst, trist, from Old French triste, tristre (“waiting place, appointed station in hunting”), probably from a North Germanic source such as Old Norse treysta (“to make safe, secure”), from traust (“confidence, trust, security, help, shelter, safe abode”), from Proto-Germanic *traustą (“trust, shelter”), from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *dreu-, *drū- (“to be firm, be solid”). Doublet of trust, see there for more.
truckle
From Middle English trokel, trocle, trookyl, from Anglo-Norman trocle, from Medieval Latin trochlea (“a block, sheaf containing one or more pulleys”); or from a diminutive of truck (“wheel”), formed with -le, equivalent to truck + -le.
From a back formation of truckle bed (a bed on which a pupil slept, because it was rolled on casters into a lower position under the master's larger bed), from Middle English trookylbed. Compare also trundle bed. Assisted by false association with Middle English *trukelen, truken, trokien, trukien, from Old English trucian (“to fail, diminish”), Low German truggeln (“to flatter, fawn”), see truck.
travail
From Middle English travailen, from Old French travailler, from the noun (see above). Doublet of travel. Displaced native Middle English swinken (“to work”) (from Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)).
tocsin
Borrowed from Middle French, from Old French toquesain (modern tocsin), from Old Occitan tocasenh, from tocar (“strike, touch”) + senh (“bell”).
tergiversation
From Latin tergiversātiō, from tergiversārī (“to turn one's back, to evade, to avoid”) + -tiō (“-tion: forming abstract nouns”). Equivalent to tergiversate + -ion.
brackish
From Scottish brack (from Middle Dutch brac (“brackish”)) + -ish. Cognate with Dutch brak (“brackish”), German Low German brack, brakerg, brakig (“brackish”), German brackig (“brackish”), Danish brak (“brackish”), Swedish bräck (“brackish”), Norwegian brakk (“brackish”). Perhaps a distant doublet of brook.
irreverent
From Latin irreverēns. By surface analysis, ir- + reverent.
manor
From Middle English maner, manour; from Old French manoir, from earlier maneir, from Latin manēre. Doublet of maenor.
English surname, variant of Mayner, of Norman origin, from a Proto-Germanic personal name composed of the elements *maginą (“power, might”) + *harjaz (“army”).
cancerous
From Middle English cancerous, from Latin cancerōsus, from cancer (“crab; tumor, cancer”) + -ōsus (adjective-forming suffix). By surface analysis, cancer + -ous.
underling
From Middle English underling, from Old English underling. By surface analysis, under + -ling.
underneath
From Middle English undernethe, undernethen, from Old English underneoþan (“underneath”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *underniþer. Equivalent to under- + neath.
heyem
From Old Norse heimr, compare Danish hjem. Doublet of home.
soldo
From Italian soldo, from Latin solidum. Doublet of sol, sold, solid, solidus, sou, and xu.
gasconade
From French gasconnade, from Gascon (“native of Gascony”) + -ade, equivalent to Gascon (“native of Gascony”) + -ade, literally "to talk like a Gascon". See French gasconnade.
gazebo
Possibly from gaze + Latin future indicative conjugation-ending -bō, as in vidēbō (“I will see”), comparable perhaps to lavabo from Latin lavābō (“I will wash”); alternatively from Arabic قَصَبَة (qaṣaba, “fort, casbah”), itself possibly refashioned after the former.
flittermouse
From flitter + mouse (compare flickermouse, flindermouse), after Middle Dutch fleddermuys, vledermuys, vlermuys (Modern Dutch vleermuis), from vledderen, vlederen (“to flutter, float, hover”) + muys (“mouse”). Cognate with West Frisian flearmûs (“bat”), Middle Low German vledermūs (“bat”), German Fledermaus (“bat”), Swedish fladdermus (“bat”) and flädermus (“bat”). More at flitter, flutter, flatter, mouse.
tandem
PIE word
 *téh₂m
The noun is borrowed from Latin tandem (“of time: at last, at length, finally”), applied humorously in English to two horses harnessed “at length” (that is, in a single line) instead of side-by-side. Tandem is derived from tam (“so, to such an extent”) + -dem (demonstrative suffix).
The adjective, adverb, and verb are derived from the noun.