MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
dead as a doornail
From Middle English ded as dore-nail.
One of the earliest usages in English is in William Langland's poem Piers Plowman A. i. 161 (late 14th century) "Fey withouten fait is febelore þen nouȝt, And ded as a dore-nayl", though it is unlikely this is Langland's invention. It also appears in the English William of Palerne l. 628 "For but ich haue bote of mi bale‥I am ded as dore-nail" and in the alliterative debate poem The Parlement of the Thre Ages "Dede als a dore-nayle doune was he fallen" 65. Both of these texts are of uncertain date, and may predate Langland's usage.
One plausible explanation is that doors were built using only wood boards and hand-forged nails: the nails were long enough to dead nail the (vertical) wooden panels and (horizontal) stretcher boards securely together, so they would not easily pull apart. This was done by pounding the protruding point of the nail over and down into the wood. A nail that was bent in this fashion (and thus not easily pulled out) was said to be "dead", thus dead as a doornail.
Akademeia
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek Ἀκάδημος (Akádēmos)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *-ēs
Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs)
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂der.
Ancient Greek -ῐᾰ (-ĭă)
Ancient Greek -εια (-eia)
Ancient Greek Ἀκᾰδήμειᾰ (Akădḗmeiă)der.
English Akademeia
From Ancient Greek Ἀκαδήμεια (Akadḗmeia). Doublet of academe, academia, and academy; see there for more.
Laurie
The given names are clippings of Laurence, Lawrence, Laura, or Lauren + -ie, all ultimately from Latin laurus (“laurel”).
The surname is from the diminutive of Lawrence.
The city in Missouri was named by its residents in 1961 after L. M. and William (Buster) Laurie, who in 1937 bought a building in the area and operated the Laurie Market, because of the goodwill generated by the family store over the years.
From French Laurie, from Latin Laurum, from laurus (“laurel”).
archaize
From Ancient Greek ἀρχαΐζω (arkhaḯzō).
Lindsey
From Old English Lindesege, ultimately from Proto-Brythonic *llɨnn (“pool”), from Proto-Celtic *lindos (“lake, liquid”) (as in Lincoln) + Old English ēġ (“island (of land)”).
Lois
From Ancient Greek Λωΐς (Lōḯs), of obscure meaning. Unrelated to Louise or Louisa.
Balearic
From Latin Balearis, from Ancient Greek Βαλλιαρεῖς (Balliareîs), from either βάλλω (bállō) or Phoenician (see Baal).
caruncle
Borrowed from Middle French caruncule, from Latin caruncula (“a little piece of flesh”), diminutive of carō (“flesh”). Doublet of caruncula.
tartaric
From Medieval Latin tartarum (“tartar”), from Byzantine Greek τάρταρον (tártaron).
monetize
From French monétiser From Latin monēta (whence monnaie) + -iser.
automat
Borrowed from German Automat, as the system was originally developed in Germany in the late 19th c. Doublet of automaton.
ed-
From Middle English ed-, from Old English ed- (“again, re-”), from Proto-West Germanic *id-, from Proto-Germanic *idi-, *idi, *ida (“back, backwards, again”), from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
Cognate with Dutch et-, German dialectal it- (“again, back”), Icelandic ið- (“again, back”), Gothic 𐌹𐌳- (id-, “again, back”), Welsh ad-, Welsh ed- (“again, back”), Latin et (“and”), Latin at (“but, moreover”).
Sanna
* As an Italian surname, from Italian Sanna.
* As a Dutch surname, reduced from Susanna.
* As a Greek surname, spelling variant of Sannas, from σανός (sanós, “hay”).
Borrowed from Konkani सान्नां (sānnā̃).
proscription
From Middle English proscripcion, from Latin prōscrīptiō, from prōscrībō (originally "publish in writing"), from prō- and scrībō (“write”).
quenching
From Middle English quenchinge, equivalent to quench + -ing.
From Middle English quenching, quenchyng, quenchand, quenchende, equivalent to quench + -ing.
Rottweiler
Borrowed from German Rottweiler, from German Rottweil.
perambulation
From Middle English perambulacioun, from Anglo-Norman and Latin. By surface analysis, perambulate + -ation, or, by surface analysis, per- + ambulate + -ion.
fivefold
From Middle English fiffold, from Old English fīffeald. Equivalent to five + -fold.
coppe
From Middle English attercoppe, from Old English ātorcoppe (“spider”), corresponding to atter (poison, venom) + cop (“spider”) (the latter is still to be found in the English word cobweb), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *kopp, from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz (“vault, round vessel, head”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve”).
Primarily occurs in the northeast Midlands region of England. Compare Danish edderkop, Norwegian edderkopp, Low German kobbe.
Originating from the Dutch invaders who populated this area, the same word coppe, pronounced 'kab', existed in Middle Dutch up until the 14th century. The word kobbe, meaning spider, still exists in West-Flemish, a Dutch dialect spoken in the West of Flanders.
Savonia
From New Latin Savonia, a Latinized exonym of Finnish Savo.
gastrocnemius
1670s, borrowed from New Latin gastrocnēmius, from Ancient Greek γαστροκνημία (gastroknēmía, “calf of the leg”), from γαστήρ (gastḗr, “paunch, belly”) + κνήμη (knḗmē, “leg”).
taglia
From Italian taglia (“a cutting, a pulley”), from tagliare (“to cut”). See tailor.
Michaela
From Michael + -a. Latinate feminine form of Michael, first appearing as an anglicisation of the Portuguese ("Micaela") and Spanish ("Micaela"). Doublet of Michelle.
decretal
From Middle French decretal, from Late Latin dēcrētālis, from Latin decretum.
strangury
From Middle English strangury, from Latin stranguria, from Ancient Greek στραγγουρία (strangouría).
buffa
From Italian buffa. See buffo and buffoon.
Borrowed from Italian Buffa, from Sicilian buffa (“toad”).
kendir
From Russian кенды́рь (kendýrʹ) and its etymon Turkish kendir.
cacciatore
Borrowed from Italian cacciatore (“hunter”).
From Italian Cacciatore, from cacciatore (“hunter”).
exsanguinate
PIE word
 *h₁ésh₂r̥
Learned borrowing from New Latin exsanguinātus (“depleted of blood, exsanguinated; lacking blood, bloodless”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Exsanguinātus is a participial adjective formed on ex- (“out, from”) + sanguī̆s (sanguin-) (“blood”) + -ātus.
hedonics
From Ancient Greek ἡδονή (hēdonḗ, “pleasure”) + -ics.
proband
From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin, from Latin probandus (“the one to be tested”) (denoting, in this application, the first one tested); By surface analysis, probe + -and.
villanelle
From the French villanelle, from Italian villanella, from villano (“peasant”), from Latin vīllānus (“farmhand”), from vīlla (“estate”). The origin references the pastoral themes originally associated with this form.
Garden of Eden
Calque of Biblical Hebrew גַּן עֵדֶן (gan ʿḗḏen).
Kintyre
From Scottish Gaelic Cinn Tìre (literally “headland”).
soixante-neuf
Unadapted borrowing from French soixante-neuf.
ipsissimosity
From German Ipsissimosität, coined in 1886 by Friedrich Nietzsche from the Latin ipsissima (“very own”).
Arunim
From Sanskrit अरुणिमन् (aruṇiman, “redness, red color”), referring to the reddish glow of the sun, which could be easily seen on the early morning sky.
epikeia
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπιείκεια (epieíkeia, “reasonableness”).
kotlet
Borrowed from Persian کتلت (kotlet), borrowed from French côtelette. Doublet of cutlet, kotleta, and partly katsu.
kofta
Borrowed from Classical Persian کوفْتَه (kōfta, “ground meat”), from کوفْتَن (kōftan, “to grind, break, beat”).
Tattersall
Habitational surname from Tattershall, in Lincolnshire, named from the Old English personal name Tathere + healh (“corner, nook”).
acromegalia
Unadapted borrowing from New Latin acromegalia, from Ancient Greek ἄκρον (ákron, “tip, extremity”) and μέγας (mégas, “large”).
epazote
From Spanish epazote, from Classical Nahuatl epazōtl.
Shelby
From a medieval name, of obscure origin, yet likely an alteration of Middle English Selby, Salibi (“dweller of the willow place”), from salwe (“willow, sallow”) + -by (“settlement, farm”).
Labonte
From French Labonté. From French la bonté, meaning "kindness, benevolence".
corvee
From French corvée, from Late Latin conrogāta, derived from Latin conrogāre (“call together by entreaty”).
conjugial
From Latin coniugiālis, from coniugium (“connection, marriage”).
recusation
Borrowed from Latin recusatio, recusationis. Compare French récusation.
opponent
Borrowed from Latin oppōnēns (“opposing”), present active participle of oppōnō (“to oppose”).
skepsis
From Ancient Greek σκέψις (sképsis, “examination, observation, consideration”).
nonobservance
From Middle English non-observaunce, nonn observance, equivalent to non (“no”, adjective) + observance.
martlet
From Middle English martilet, probably a blend of martinet (“martin”; from Middle French martinet and Medieval Latin martineta) and Middle French merlet.
coventrate
From Coventry + -ate (verb-forming suffix), following German coventrieren. Coventry, England, was devastated by German firebombing in November 1940, during World War II.
Osage
Evolved from a borrowing from French variations of Osage 𐓏𐓘𐓻𐓘𐓻𐓟 (wažáže), the name of a division of the tribe.
Thriambus
Latinized spelling of Ancient Greek θρίαμβος (thríambos)
Borrowed from New Latin thriambus, from Ancient Greek θρίαμβος (thríambos), of Pre-Greek origin. Doublet of triumph and trump.
Dylan
From Welsh mythology; possibly from Celtic for "son of the sea" or "born from the ocean." Unrelated to the name Dillon, although the homophony may result in the two being considered variant spellings of the same name.
Cheetos
A brand name, presumably from cheese, with an ending matching other brands of Frito-Lay Inc. (Doritos, Fritos, Tostitos), from Spanish frito (“fried”).
properispomenon
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek προπερισπώμενον (properispṓmenon).
cellulitis
Learned borrowing from New Latin cellulitis. By surface analysis, cellule + -itis. Doublet of cellulite. First attested in the 1840s.
incognitum
Borrowed from Latin incognitum (“unknown”). Coined by William Hunter.
fluvial
Borrowed from Latin fluviālis, from fluvius (“a stream”) + -ālis, from the root of fluere (“to flow”).
exequy
A back-formation from exequies, from Middle English exequies, from Old French exequies, from Latin exsequiās, accusative of exsequiae (“a funeral, seeing-off procession”).
aiglet
Borrowed from Middle French aiguillette (“needle”), diminutive of aiguille.
embarrassment of riches
Calque of French embarras des richesses, from John Ozell's 1738 translation of a French play, L'Embarras des richesses (1726) by Léonor Jean Christine Soulas d'Allainval.
epigeal
From Ancient Greek ἐπίγειος (epígeios, “on the earth”) + -al.
populosity
From French populosité, from Latin populositas, from populosus (“populous”), or from populous + -ity.
befalling
From Middle English bifallinge, equivalent to befall + -ing. Cognate with Dutch bevalling (“delivery, labour”), Swedish befallning (“command, behest, charge”).
indeterminism
Borrowed from French indéterminisme, equivalent to in- + determinism.
PFK
From French PFK. From the name of the Quebec division of KFC (“Kentucky Fried Chicken”).
piratical
From Latin pīrāticus + -al, from Ancient Greek πειρᾱτικός (peirātikós); equivalent to pirate + -ical.
demoniac
From Middle English demoniak et al., from Old French demoniaque, from Late Latin daemoniacus.
metaphysician
From Middle English methafisicien, from methafisik on the model of fisicien or perhaps from rare and late Old French methafisicien.
correctamundo
From correct + -amundo as an intensifier; compare Spanish correctamente. Popularized by the character Fonzie on the sitcom Happy Days.
tegument
Also in late Middle English, borrowed from Latin tegumentum (“a cover”), from tegere (“to cover, clothe”, verb) + -mentum (suffix forming nouns). Compare integument.
quitch
From Middle English quicchen, quytchen, quecchen, from Old English cweċċan (“to shake, swing, move, vibrate, shake off, give up”). Related to Old English cwacian (“to quake”). More at quake.
From Middle English quich, a palatalized variant of quike, quyke, from Old English cwice, from Proto-West Germanic *kwikwā, from Proto-Germanic *kwikwǭ. Cognate with Dutch kweek, German Low German Queek, German Quecke.
ferity
Borrowed from Latin feritas, from ferus (“wild”). By surface analysis, Latin fer- + -ity.
cupel
Borrowed from French coupelle, from Medieval Latin cūpella, from Latin cūpa (“cask”) + -ella (“-elle: forming feminine diminutives”). Equivalent to cup + -el.
hydropic
From Middle English ydropik, ydropyk, from Old French ydropique, from Latin hydropicus, from Ancient Greek ὑδρωπικός (hudrōpikós), from ὕδρωψ (húdrōps).
whin
From Middle English whynne, from Old Norse hvein (“gorse, furze”) (compare Norwegian kvein (“bent grass”), Swedish ven (“bent grass”), dialectal hven (“swamp”)), apparently from hvein (“swampy land”), from Proto-Germanic *hwainō, *hwin- (“swamp; moor”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱʷeyn- (“to soil; mud; filth”). Compare Latin caenum (“filth”), Latin inquīnō (“to sully; soil”).
exsuccous
Latin exsuccus, from ex- + succus ‘juice’.
decretory
Borrowed from Late Latin dēcrētōrius (“decisive”), from Latin dēcernō (“decide, determine”).
howlet
From Middle English howlat, howlott etc, either borrowed from French hulotte or formed from Middle English howle (form of oule) + -et. Compare modern owlet.
carnassial
From French carnass(ier) (“carnivorous”) + -ial, from Occitan carnassa, from carn + -assa (feminine form of Occitan -às), from Latin carn- + -āceus.
di di mau
Borrowed from Vietnamese đi đi mau (“go quickly!”). Borrowed into English by American military personnel returning from the Vietnam War, as well as by Vietnamese immigrants; popularized by the movie The Deer Hunter.
This is an uncommon way to say "Hurry up!" in Vietnamese. The verb đi (“to go”) can be expressed as a command: "Đi đi! One may even express a sense of urgency with the word mau (“fast”): "Đi mau đi! However, Vietnamese speakers tend to use the verbs mau lên, nhanh lên, and vội lên in exactly the way an English speaker would use hurry up.
laborant
From Latin labōrāns, present participle of labōrō. See laboratory.
apocopic
From apocope, from Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀποκοπή (apokopḗ, “a cutting off, termination, apocope”).
apocopate
From Latin apocopātus (“cut off”), from Ancient Greek ἀποκόπτω (apokóptō, “cut off”).
ministration
From Middle English ministracioun, from Old French ministracïon, from Latin ministrātio; equivalent to minister + -ation.
thief in the night
A calque from Ancient Greek κλέπτης ἐν νυκτί (kléptēs en nuktí).
Oahu
From Hawaiian Oʻahu, probably a corruption of Hawaiian o + Hawaiian ahu (cognate with Rapa Nui ahu), thus [place] of an altar or platform.
Maui
From Hawaiian Maui, probably a contraction of Māui (a Hawaiian trickster god); or borrowed from Māori Māui.
sarma
From Ottoman Turkish صرمه (sarma).
From Russian сарма́ (sarmá).
forenamed
From Middle English forenamed, fornamed, fornemned, forenammd, equivalent to fore- + named. Compare Dutch voornoemd (“aforementioned”), German vorgenannt, vorbenannt (“aforementioned”).
foreordain
From Middle English for-orden; equivalent to fore- + ordain; probably modeled on Latin praeordināre.
trustful
From Middle English trustful, trystefull, equivalent to trust + -ful.
arguido
From Portuguese arguido; entered British English in 2007 through extensive news coverage of the disappearance of Madeleine McCann in Portugal.
cautel
From Latin cautēla, from cautus, past participle of caveō.
springe
Inherited from Middle English sprengen, from Old English sprenġan, sprenġċan, from Proto-West Germanic *sprangijan, from Proto-Germanic *sprangijaną (“to cause to spring”). See sprinkle.
Inherited from Middle English spreng, a variant of spring with the form of sprengen.
keeve
From Middle English kive, from Old English cȳf (“vat”), from Proto-West Germanic *kūbiju, a diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kūbaz, perhaps from Latin cūpa. Related to French cuve. Doublet of coupe, cup, and hive.
ars gratia artis
Latin translation of French l'art pour l'art. See the main entry for more.
destinate
The adjective is first attested in the first part of the 15th century, the verb in 1490, both in Middle English; borrowed from Latin dēstinātus, perfect passive participle of dēstinō, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix); doublet of destine. Computing/postal use by analogy with originate. Participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
perpend
Borrowed from Latin perpendere, from per- + pendere (“to weigh”).
From Middle French parpain, see etymology of French parpaing.
Luan
From Mandarin 欒 /栾 (Luán).
Laban
From Middle English Laban, from Latin Laban, from Koine Greek Λάβαν (Lában), from Biblical Hebrew לָבָן (Lāḇān).
Simeon
From Middle English Simeon, from Latin Simeon, from Ancient Greek Σῠμεών (Sŭmeṓn), from Biblical Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (šimʿôn, “hearkening, listening”), originally referring to Simeon, a son of Jacob. Doublet of Simon.
Naphtali
From Biblical Hebrew נַפְתָּלִי (naftalí), a son of Jacob. Compare Arabic نافس (“to compete with”).
Prinz
Jewish and German surname, from Prinz (“prince”). Also found in France and Slavicized in several countries such as Slovenia and Slovakia. Compare Printz.
odium generis humani
From Latin odium (“hatred”) + generīs (“species”) + hūmānī (“of man”).
Issachar
From Biblical Hebrew יִשָּׂשכָר (“Issachar”), a son of Jacob.
bordure
A collateral form of, and thus a doublet of border (from Middle English bordure).
girandole
From French girandole, from Italian girandola, from girare (“to turn, gyrate”).
Beowulf
Learned borrowing from Old English Bēowulf, probably equivalent to bee + wolf, though the first element is uncertain.
Scania
From Medieval Latin Scania (attested since 950), from Old Norse Skáney, from Proto-Germanic *Skadinawjō. Doublet of Scandinavia.
Melvin
Variant of the Scottish surname Melville, from a place name Malleville in Normandy, from Latin mala (“bad”) + Old French ville (“settlement”).
* Used to Anglicize Mac Gille Beathain in Scotland and Ó Maoil Mhín in Ireland.
round robin
From round (adjective) + robin. Sense 1 (“senses relating to something with a round shape, or which goes around”) is connected with the word round, while sense 2 (“senses relating to people, animals, or plants”) is connected with some English regional senses of the word robin where it is used in the names of various fish and plants which are not related to the red-breasted bird. However, apart from the alliteration, it is not clear why the two words came to be linked together in compounds. It is possible that the term was first used to refer to sense 1.13.1 (“consecrated host”) which appears to be the earliest attested sense, and then extended to other senses either having the sense of round or robin.
Alternatively, it has been suggested that the term is a corruption of French ruban rond (literally “round ribbon”), referring to the practice in 17th-century France of signing on ribbons which were then attached to petitions of grievances in a circular manner: see sense 1.1. However, this etymology does not explain the senses of the term unrelated to a signed document.
eterne
From Middle English eterne, from Old French eterne, from Latin aeternus.
Bilhah
Borrowed from Hebrew בִּלְהָה (bilhá).
noyance
From Middle English noyaunce, partly an aphetic form of anoyaunce, partly directly from Anglo-Norman noyaunce.
Isai
From Urdu عیسائی ('esāī), itself from Urdu عِیسیٰ ('īsā), ultimately from Arabic عِيسَى (ʕīsā). Literally means "people of Jesus".
cerement
From French cirement (“waxing, wax dressing”), from cirer (“to wax, wrap”).
Hultgren
Borrowed from Swedish Hultgren, an ornamental surname composed of the elements hult (“forest”) and gren (“branch”).
crowner
From Middle English crowner, crownere, equivalent to crown + -er.
From Middle English crouner, variant of coroner.
Occupational surname for a coroner, from Middle English crouner.
quillet
Uncertain. Possibly a shortening of earlier quillity, itself of uncertain origin, or from Latin quidlibet (“anything”).
fordo
From Middle English fordon, from Old English fordōn (“to undo, bring to naught, ruin, destroy, abolish, kill, corrupt, seduce, defile”), from Proto-West Germanic *fradōn (“to ruin, destroy”), equivalent to for- + do. Cognate with Saterland Frisian ferdwo (“to waste, consume”), West Frisian ferdwaan (“to waste”), Dutch verdoen (“to kill, waste”), German Low German verdoon (“to waste, consume”), German vertun (“to waste, spend, consume”).
eisel
From Middle English aisel, aisille, aysel, from Old French aisil, from Vulgar Latin *acētillum, a diminutive of Latin acētum (“vinegar”).
pul
From Persian پول (pul). Doublet of obole and obolus.
sugar water
From Middle English sewgyr water, sugour water, water of zuccare.
mullein
From Middle English moleyne, from Anglo-Norman moleine, which is either a Celtic borrowing and derived from Proto-Celtic *melinos (“yellow”) from *meli (“honey”) – an adjective found in Breton melen (“yellow”) and Welsh melyn (“yellow”) – or from mol (“soft”), from Latin mollis (“soft”), referencing the plant's fluffy, downy leaves, also apparent in synonyms such as feltwort, flannel leaf, and velvet plant.
spray
From Middle Dutch sprāien, sprayen, spraeyen (“to spray, sprinkle, spread”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sprēwijaną (“to spray, sprinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to sow, scatter”).
Cognate with Middle High German spræjen, spræwen (“to squirt, spray, dust, splash, straw”), Danish dialectal språe (“to open up, burst forth”), Swedish dialectal språ (“to sprout, shoot forth, burst”), Norwegian dialectal spra, spræ (“to splash, splatter, spout, burst forth”), Dutch sproeien (“to spray, sprinkle”), German sprühen (“to spray, sparkle”).
From Middle English spray, from Old English *spræġ, sprei (found in place names such as that of Spreyton, England), of unknown origin. Compare English sprig (“shoot, twig”).
calcar
From the Italian calcara (“lime-kiln”).
From the Latin calcar (“spur”).
angerly
From Middle English angerly; equivalent to anger + -ly (adverbial suffix).
From Middle English angerly; equivalent to anger + -ly (adjectival suffix).
aphenphosmphobia
Unknown element(s) + -phobia. The initial aphe- element is likely based on Ancient Greek ἁφή (haphḗ, “touch”), the same root as haphephobia. There is no Greek root φοσμ- (phosm-) or φωσμ- (phōsm-), and φῶς (phôs, “light”) can be eliminated on semantic grounds, so the middle element is probably a fanciful invention or error.
pide
From Turkish pide, from Ottoman Turkish پیده (pide), پیته (pite), from Ancient Greek πίτα (píta), possibly from Aramaic פִּיתָּא (pītā, “piece of bread”). Doublet of pita and pizza.
ghoti
From Bengali ঘটি (ghoṭi).
Borrowed from Bengali ঘটি (ghoṭi).
forgather
From Scots forgather, foregather (“to gather up, assemble”), equivalent to for- + gather. Cognate with Dutch vergaderen (“to assemble”), German vergattern (“to assemble; to assign duty”).
conodont
From Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone”) + -odont.
curiate
From Latin cūriātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
Chernobyl
Borrowed from Russian Черно́быль (Černóbylʹ).
mucilaginous
From New Latin mūcilāginōsus from Late Latin mūcus.
arachibutyrophobia
From Latin arachis (“peanut”) + butyro- (“butter”) + -phobia.
tagma
From Ancient Greek τάγμα (tágma, “something which has been ordered or arranged”).
kokoretsi
Borrowed from Greek κοκορέτσι (kokorétsi), from Albanian kukurec.
cousin-german
From Middle English cosin germain, from Anglo-Norman cosin germain, cosine germaine. See also Middle English cosin, germain.
protaspis
From prot- + aspis (from Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís, “shield”)).
mesophryon
From Ancient Greek μεσόφρυον (mesóphruon), from μέσος (mésos, “between”) and ὀφρύς (ophrús, “eyebrow”).
coquina
Borrowed from Spanish coquina (“cockle”), from Latin concha (“bivalve, mollusk; mussel”), from Ancient Greek κόγχη (kónkhē, “mussel; shell”). Related to conch and conk.
nocebo
Borrowed from Latin nocēbō (“I will harm”), the first-person singular future active indicative form of noceō (“to harm”), by analogy with placebo. The word was coined by Walter P. Kennedy in an article entitled “The Nocebo Reaction” (1961). (see quotation).
dolcetto
Borrowed from Italian, a diminutive of dolce (“sweet”). Doublet of dulcet and doucet.
Corinne
From the French equivalent of Corinna, from Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē, “girl, maiden, daughter”).