MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Istria
From Latin Histria, from Ancient Greek Ἱστρία (Histría), named after Ἵστρων (Hístrōn) (ἔθνος (éthnos)), the ethnicon of the Illyrian/Venetic tribe of the Histri who inhabited the region.
The name could itself be related to Hister, a Roman name for the Danube, from Ancient Greek Ἰστρίη (Istríē), the Dacian-Thracian name for the river god Danubius, a name meaning "swift," and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“to flow”). Also see Histria.
polyphagia
From poly- + -phagia, from Ancient Greek πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s, “many”) and ἔφᾰγον (éphăgon, “eat”).
polypody
From Anglo-Norman polypodie, from Late Latin polypodium, q.v.
prettily
From Middle English pratily, prately, pratyly, pratylych; equivalent to pretty + -ly.
flushing
From Middle English flusshyng, flusshynge, equivalent to flush + -ing.
Named after the dated anglicized Dutch city name Flushing (“Vlissingen”) where the wool was made, from Dutch Vlissingen, further etymology is uncertain.
From Dutch Vlissingen.
softening
From Middle English softenynge, softynand, equivalent to soften + -ing.
From Middle English softenyng, softenynge, equivalent to soften + -ing.
coarsely
From earlier coursely, from Middle English coursly (“naturally, logically”); equivalent to coarse + -ly.
polysemous
From Medieval Latin polysēmus, from Ancient Greek πολύσημος (polúsēmos), from πολύς (polús, “many”) + σημαίνω (sēmaínō, “I signify, mean”).
crivvens
Borrowed from Scots crivvens. Attested in English from the early 20th century.
polytypic
From Ancient Greek πολῠ- (polŭ-) + τῠπῐκός (tŭpĭkós). By surface analysis, poly- + type + -ic.
gavotte
From French, from Provençal gavoto (“dance of the mountain people”), from Old Occitan Gavot (“Alp native”, literally “glutton, boor”), from gaver (“force feed”), from Old Provençal gava (“crop”); attested since the 1690s.
recuperation
Borrowed from Latin recuperātiō. By surface analysis, recuperate + -ion.
lacrimation
From Latin lacrimātiō. By surface analysis, lacrimate + -ion.
abgusht
From Iranian Persian آبگوشت (âb-gušt), compound of آب (âb, “water”), and گوشت (gušt, “meat”).
hornpipe
From Middle English hornpipe, hornpype, hornepipe, equivalent to horn + pipe; so called because the bell at the open end was sometimes made of horn.
hoarder
From Middle English horder, hordere (“a keeper of a store of goods”), from Old English hordere (“a treasurer, steward, chamberlain”), equivalent to hoard + -er.
pompom
Alteration of pompon, from French pompon (“ornamental tuft”); of unknown origin, perhaps related to Old French pomp.
Raquel
Borrowed from Spanish Raquel, from Biblical Hebrew רָחֵל (rāḥēl). Doublet of Rachel.
Sabina
Name of early saints, Latin Sabīna, feminine of the Roman cognomen Sabīnus (“a Sabine”), from an ancient tribe from Italy.
platteland
Borrowed from Afrikaans platteland, from Dutch platteland.
maiko
Borrowed from Japanese 舞妓 (maiko, literally “dancing child”).
stanch
From Middle English stanch, a variant of staunch, staunche (“(adjective) in good condition or repair; solidly made, firm; watertight; of a person or wound: not bleeding; certain; intact; (adverb) firmly, soundly”) [and other forms]; see further at staunch.
From Middle English stanch, stanche [and other forms], a variant of Middle English staunchen, staunche (“to stop the flow of blood, diarrhoea, or other bodily fluids; to alleviate, ease; to appease, assuage, satisfy; to cure; to overcome; to put an end to; to repress, suppress; of a river or stream: to stop flowing; of waters, wind, or weather: to become calm, subside; to extinguish or put out (a fire)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman estauncher, estaunchier, estanger, Old French estancher, estanchier (“to stop the flow of a liquid (blood, water, etc.); to make (something) watertight; to quench (thirst)”) (modern French étancher (“to stop the flow of a liquid; to make watertight; to quench (thirst); (figuratively) to assuage, quench, satiate”) [and other forms], possibly from one of the following:
* From Vulgar Latin *stagnicāre, from Latin stāgnum (“piece of standing water, pond; fen, swamp”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂g- (“to drip; to seep”).
* From Vulgar Latin *stānticāre, from *stānticus (“tired”), from Latin stāns, stāntis (“standing; remaining, staying”). Stāns is the present active participle of stō (“to stand; to remain, stay”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”).
Etymology 2 sense 1.2 (“to make (a building or other structure) watertight or weatherproof”) is derived from French étancher (“to stop water from flowing, make watertight”), from Old French estanchier (verb): see above.
Cognates
* Catalan estancar (“to hold up, block, halt (something); to come to a standstill; to stagnate”)
* Galician estancar (“to stop (the flow of blood, water, etc.)”)
* Italian stancare (“to tire out”)
* Occitan estancar
* Portuguese estancar (“to stop (the flow of blood); to stop (an action); to come to a standstill; to exhaust, weary”)
* Spanish estancar (“to stop (the flow of water, etc.); to stop (an action); to stagnate”)
From Old French estanche (“pond; tank”), from estanc (“pond”) (modern French étang (“pond; lagoon”)), from estanchier (verb): see further at etymology 2.
ecchymosis
From New Latin ecchymōsis, from Ancient Greek ἐκχύμωσις (ekkhúmōsis), from ἐκχέω (ekkhéō, “I pour out”), from ἐκ- (ek-, “out”) + χέω (khéō, “I pour”).
thinness
From Middle English thynnesse, from Old English þynnes (“thinness, slightness of density, lack of density, tenuity, fluidity, poverty, feebleness of sight, weakness”), equivalent to thin + -ness.
nearness
From Middle English nernes, equivalent to near + -ness. Cognate with West Frisian nearens (“nearness”).
greediness
From Middle English gredynesse, from Old English grǣdiġnes; equivalent to greedy + -ness.
carefulness
From Middle English [Term?], from Old English carfulnes (“care, anxiety, a charge, cure of souls, solicitude, carefulness, curiousness, curiosity”), equivalent to careful + -ness.
petroglyph
From French pétroglyphe, from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”) + γλυφή (gluphḗ, “carved work”). By surface analysis, petro- + glyph.
preemption
From Medieval Latin praeēmptiō (“previous purchase”), from praeemō (“buy before”), from Latin prae- (“before”) + emō (“buy”).
besnow
From Middle English besnewen, from Old English besnīwian (“to cover with snow”); equivalent to be- + snow. Cognate with Dutch besneeuwen (“to snow, snow in”), German beschneien (“to cover with snow”).
swallowing
Inherited from Middle English swolwynge; by surface analysis, swallow + -ing.
snow-white
From Middle English snow whit, snowe-white, snouwite, snawhwit, from Old English snāwhwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *snaiwhwīt, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwahwītaz; equivalent to snow + white. Cognate with Dutch sneeuwwit (“snow-white”), German schneeweiß (“snow-white”), Swedish snövit (“snow-white”).
mandylion
From Byzantine Greek μανδύλιον (mandúlion), μανδίλιον (mandílion), μαντίλιον (mantílion), or μανδήλη (mandḗlē, “cloth, hand towel, handkerchief, tablecloth”) (the last word dating to the 5th century), especially in the term τὸ ἄγιον μανδήλιον (tò ágion mandḗlion, “the holy towel”); from Latin mantēlium, a variation of mantēle or mantēlum (“hand towel, napkin”) (probably misconstructed as a singular form from the plural mantēlia); probably from manus (“hand”) + tergō (“to rub, wipe, wipe off, clean, cleanse”). Probably cognate with Umbrian mantrahklu.
cinephile
Borrowed from French cinéphile, equivalent to cine- + -phile.
dispenser
From Anglo-Norman dispensour, from Old French despenseor, from Latin dispensator. By surface analysis, dispense + -er.
rainwater
From Middle English reinwater, from Old English reġnwæter, equivalent to rain + water. Cognate with West Frisian reinwetter, Dutch regenwater, German Regenwasser, Swedish regnvatten.
luminiferous
From Latin lumen, lumin- (“light”, noun) + -ferous [from ferre (“to bear, carry”, verb) + -ous (suffix forming adjectives)].
pomander
From Old French pome d'embre (literally “apple of ambergris”), from Medieval Latin pōmum dē ambra: pōmum (“fruit”) (possibly from *po-emo (“picked off”)); ambra (“amber; ambergris”) (probably from ambrosia (“food or unguent of the gods”), from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́μβροτος (ắmbrotos, “divine, immortal; belonging to the gods”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥mr̥tós (“immortal”)).
pompano
From Spanish pámpano (“Stromateus fiatola”). Compare pomfret.
ponderousness
From Middle English ponderusnes, equivalent to ponderous + -ness.
poorness
From Middle English poornes, porenes, porenesse, pornes, pornesse, povernesse, powrenesse; equivalent to poor + -ness.
pongee
From Mandarin 本機／本机 (běnjī, literally “one’s own loom; home-woven; homemade”).
handwork
From Middle English hondwerk, from Old English handweorc (“work done by hand; handiwork”), from Proto-Germanic *handuwerką; equivalent to hand + work. Cognate with Dutch handwerk, German Handwerk, Swedish hantverk.
Sayer
Of multiple origins, including an occupational surname for a sawyer, or an assayer of metals, or a seller of serge cloth ( Middle English say), or a sewer.
precognition
Borrowed from Middle French precognition or its source, Latin praecognitio, from praecognōscō (“to know beforehand”). Doublet of Germanic-based foreknowledge and Greek-based prognosis. Equivalent to pre- + cognition.
evitable
From Middle French evitable (modern French évitable), from Latin ēvītābilis (“avoidable”), from ēvītō (“to avoid”) + -bilis (“-able”, able or worthy to be). The former is derived from ē- (“out”) + vītō (“to avoid, evade; to shun”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dwidʰeh₁- (“separate, set apart”), a compound of *dwi- (“two”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put”)).
Tula
From Spanish Tula, from Classical Nahuatl Tōllān (“place of bulrushes”), from tōllin (“bulrush”) + -tlān.
From Russian Ту́ла (Túla).
anorectic
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνόρεκτος (anórektos, “without appetite”), from ἀν- (an-, “without”) + ὀρέγω (orégō, “to desire”). By surface analysis, an- + orectic.
antecedence
From Latin antecēdentia from Latin antecēdēns (“preceding”), from antecēdō (“go before”).
didi
Borrowed from Hindi दीदी (dīdī, literally “an elder sister, used as a form of respect”).
apologia
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀπολογία (apología, “speech in defense of a position”). Doublet of apology.
khurma
Borrowed from Hindi ख़ुरमा (xurmā).
Afeefa
From Arabic عَفِيفَة (ʕafīfa).
dispossess
From Middle English [Term?], from Middle French despossesser. Equivalent to dis- + possess.
shifta
Borrowed from Swahili shifta, from Amharic ሽፍታ (šəfta).
peevishness
From Middle English pevyshnesse, equivalent to peevish + -ness.
postpartum
1844, from Latin post (“after”) + partum (“giving birth”), form of partus, from pariō (“to give birth”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to bring forth”).
stoutly
From Middle English stoutely, stouteliche, stoutliche, equivalent to stout + -ly.
opisthodomos
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀπισθόδομος (opisthódomos, “back room”), from ὄπισθεν (ópisthen) + δόμος (dómos).
inukshuk
From Inuktitut ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ (inoksok, “in the likeness of a human”).
assize
From Middle English assise, from Old French assises, feminine plural participle of Old French asseoir (“to sit”), from Latin assidere.
assessor
From Middle English assessour, from Old French assessour, from Latin assessor (“assistant judge; assessor of taxes”). Cognate with French assesseur.
assiduity
From Latin assiduitas, from Latin assiduus. Equivalent to assiduous + -ity.
anopheles
Borrowed from taxonomic name Anopheles (“genus of mosquitoes”), coined by the German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen (1764–1845), from Ancient Greek ἀνωφελής (anōphelḗs, “unprofitable, useless; hurtful, prejudicial”), from ἀν- (an-) (a variant of ᾰ̓- (ă-, prefix forming terms having senses opposite to stems or terms to which it is attached)) + ὄφελος (óphelos, “advantage, benefit, good”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰel-) + -ης (-ēs, suffix forming third-declension adjectives). Doublet of Ophelia
Siobhan
Anglicized spelling of Irish Siobhán, from Middle Irish Sibán, from Anglo-Norman Jehane or Jehanne, from Old French Jehanne, from Medieval Latin Johanna, variant of Joanna, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννα (Iōánna), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָה (Yôḥānāh, literally “God is gracious”), the feminized form of יְהוֹחָנָן (Yəhōḥānān) which produced John and its many doublets.
Doublet of Ivana, Jana, Jane, Janice, Janis, Jean, Jeanne, Jen, Joan, Joanna, Joanne, Johanna, Juana, Shavonne, Sian, Shane, Shaun, Shauna, and Sheena.
Sinead
Anglicization of Irish Sinéad, from Old Northern French Jeanette, from Middle French Jehanne + -ette, from Medieval Latin Johanna, variant of Latin Ioanna under influence from Latin Iōhannēs, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννα (Iōánna), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָה (Yôḥānāh, literally “God is gracious”), the feminized form of יְהוֹחָנָן (Yəhōḥānān) which produced John and its many doublets.
Doublet of Ivanka, Jan, Janelle, Janet, Janey, Janine, Jeanette, Jeanie, Jeannette, Jeannine, Jen, Jenna, Jenny, Jessie, Jo, Jody, Juanita, Shanae, Sioned, and Vanna.
Simona
Latinized from French Simone, or borrowed from Italian Simona.
Sonia
Borrowed from Russian Со́ня (Sónja), pet form of Софи́я (Sofíja, “Sophia”).
Vanessa
Coined by Jonathan Swift in the 18th century as a pseudonym for a lady friend named Esther Vanhomrigh (or Van Homrigh), an Irish woman of Dutch descent, by taking the Dutch preposition van from her surname and adding -essa (perhaps influenced by the first syllable of Esther) or possibly a corruption of Latin Venus.
roborative
From Latin rōbŏro (“to strengthen, to invigorate”).
Polypheme
From French Polyphème, from Latin Polyphemus, from Ancient Greek Πολύφημος (Polúphēmos).
Polyphemus
From Latin Polyphēmus, from Ancient Greek Πολύφημος (Polúphēmos, from πολύ (polú) + φήμη (phḗmē) + -ος (-os), literally “many-voiced”, “much spoken of”, or “abounding in songs and legends”).
portage
From Middle English portage, borrowed from Middle French portage, from Old French portage, from Early Medieval Latin portāticum. By surface analysis, port (“to carry”) + -age.
aslant
The adverb is derived from Middle English aslant, aslante (“at an angle, in a curve; from the side; (figurative) deviously”), from on slant (“at an angle, obliquely”), from on (“above and touching (something), on; at (a place or position); etc.”, preposition) (from Old English on, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *an (“on, upon; on to”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“on, on to”)) + slant, slante (“incline, slant”, noun) (probably from Old Norse slent, from Proto-Germanic *slintaną (“to slide; to slip”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sleydʰ- (“to slide; to slip; to be slick or slippery”)). By surface analysis, a- (prefix meaning ‘at; in; on’ denoting a condition, manner, or state) + slant.
The adjective and preposition are derived from the adverb.
asocial
From a- + social; in the sense of “antisocial” and as a noun, appears to be a calque of German asozial / Asozialer.
Beaumont
Inherited from Middle English [Term?], borrowed from Anglo-Norman [Term?], from beau (“beautiful”) + mont (“mountain”). Cognate with French Beaumont. Doublet of Belmont.
causeway
From Middle English cawcewey, with the first element from Middle English cauce, from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French caucee or Old French caucie, cauchie (“route, highway”), from Vulgar Latin *calciāta (compare modern French chaussée from Old French chaucie, itself from the same source), either from Latin calx, calcis (“limestone”), or alternatively from Latin calciō (“to stamp with the heels, tread”), from calx (“heel”). The second element corresponds to English way.
sunburn
From Middle English *sunne burnen, *sonne brennen, *sunne brennen (suggested by derivatives sonne brennynge, sunne brennynge (“sunburn”, literally “sun-burning”) and sunne brente (“sunburnt”), equivalent to sun + burn. Compare West Frisian sinnebrân (“sunburn”), Dutch zonnebrand (“sunburn”), German Sonnenbrand (“sunburn”), Swedish solbränna (“sunburn”), and Icelandic sólbruni (“sunburn”), as well as Old English sunbryne (“sunburn”).
foo dog
Possibly a Western invention, from Mandarin 福 (fú, “good fortune”) + English dog. There is no similar word in Chinese itself that uses the word 福 (fú), but see English foo and Foo. Compare also Chinese 佛 (“Buddha”), pronounced fo or fu in some varieties.
drapery
From Middle English draperie, from Old French draperie, from drap (“drape, sheet, large cloth”), ultimately of Germanic origin.
Nheengatu
Etymology tree
Proto-Tupian *weʔeŋ
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jeʔeŋ
Língua Geral Amazônica nhe'eng
Proto-Tupian *katˀu
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *katu
Língua Geral Amazônica katu
Língua Geral Amazônica nhe'engatu
Nheengatu nheengatúbor.
Portuguese nheengatubor.
English Nheengatu
Borrowed from Portuguese nheengatu, from Nheengatu nheengatú.
Tucano
Named after the Tucano people, whose name itself is from Tucano.
armamentarium
From Latin armāmentārium (“arsenal”), from armāmenta (“tools, equipment, rigging”) + -ārium. By surface analysis, armament + -arium.
huarache
Borrowed from Mexican Spanish huarache, guarache, from Purepecha kwarachi (“sandal”).
gladiolus
Learned borrowing from Latin gladiolus (“little sword, sword lily”), diminutive of gladius (“sword”). Compare Middle English gladiol, whence gladiole.
Wolfgang
Borrowed from German Wolfgang (reinforced by Medieval Latin Wolfgangus), from Middle High German Wolfgang, from Old High German Wolfgang, from wolf (“wolf”) + gang (“path, course”).
imaginable
From Middle English ymaginable, from Latin imāginābilis; equivalent to imagine + -able.
trier
From Middle English triour, from Anglo-Norman triour and Middle English trien (equivalent to try + -er).
From German Trier, from Latin Treverorum. Ultimately from the Roman name of the settlement, Augusta Trēverōrum, taken from the Gaulish name of a local tribe of Gauls. Compare also the French name for the city, Trèves.
Austronesian
Borrowed from German Austronesisch; coined by Wilhelm Schmidt. From Latin austro- (“southern”) + Ancient Greek νῆσος (nêsos, “island”) + -ian.
Ophir
From Hebrew אוֹפִיר. Mentioned as a place in the Bible; modern scholars have been unable to determine where it was located.
stewardship
From Middle English stiwardshepe, equivalent to steward + -ship.
wifeless
From Middle English wyfles, wifles, possibly from Old English wīflēas (“wifeless”), equivalent to wife + -less.
wifely
From Middle English wifly, wyfly, from Old English wīflīc (“womanly, wifely”), from Proto-Germanic *wībalīkaz (“wifely”). Cognate with Scots wifely (“womanly, wifely”), Dutch wijflijk, wijfelijk, German weiblich (“feminine, female”). By surface analysis, wife + -ly.
mesel
From Middle English mesel (“leprous, leper”), from Norman mesel (“leprous, leper”), from Old French mesel (“leprous, leper”), from Late Latin misellus (“leper”), from miser (“wretched, wretch”) + -ellus (“-elle”). Doublet of measles.
equable
Learned borrowing from Latin aequābilis, from aequō (“make level”), from aequus (“even, level”).
coquille
Borrowed from French coquille. See also cockle.
From French coquille.
by virtue of
Modification of Middle English in vertu of, a calque of Anglo-Norman par vertu de or Middle French par la vertu de (“by the authority of”); from Old French vertu (“goodness; honour; valour; virtue”) (whence English virtue (“(obsolete) inherent power of a god or other supernatural being; inherent power or efficacy of something”)).
glandular
Mid 18th century borrowing from French glandulaire, from glandule (“small gland”) + -aire (“-ar, -ary”, adjectival suffix), from Latin glandulae (“glands of the throat”); equivalent to glandule + -ar.
opacity
From opaque + -ity, from French opacité, from Latin opacitas.
vinho
Borrowed from Portuguese vinho (“wine”); compare vino. Doublet of wine and vine.
antre
From Middle French antre, from Latin antrum, from Ancient Greek ἄντρον (ántron). Doublet of antrum.
crine
From Scots crine (“to shrivel”), from Scottish Gaelic crìon (“withered”), from Old Irish crín.
From Middle French crine (whence also French crin), Italian crine, or directly from Latin crīnis (“hair of the head, lock of hair, plume”).
indolency
Borrowed from Latin indolentia (“freedom from pain; insensibility”) (see further at indolence) + English -ency (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting conditions, qualities, or states).
atelectasis
From Ancient Greek ἀτελής (atelḗs, “incomplete”) + ἔκτασις (éktasis, “extension”), from ἐκτείνω (ekteínō, “to extend”). By surface analysis, atel- + ectasis.
windless
From Middle English wyndles, equivalent to wind + -less. Cognate with Old Norse vindlauss (“windless”).
dal tarka
From Hindi दाल तड़का (dāl taṛkā); see dal + tarka.
masoor dal
From Hindi मसूर दाल (masūr dāl); see masoor + dal.
pulpitum
Unadapted borrowing from Latin pulpitum. Doublet of pulpit.
indissoluble
From Middle French indissoluble, from Latin indissolubilis.
haply
Inherited from Middle English happely, hapliche, happeliche; equivalent to hap + -ly.
Hammond
A patronymic surname from the Anglo-Norman given name Hamo, Hamon, from Germanic names beginning with a derivative of Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“home”), such as descendants of *Haimarīks (“Henry”).
The river in New Brunswick is named after British politician and colonial governor Sir Andrew Hamond, 1st Baronet (1738 - 1828). The civil parish is named after a settlement, named in turn after the river.
Warner
* English, Norman, and German surname, all corresponding to German Werner. Also see Warrener.
* As an Irish surname, Anglicized from Ó Murnáin (“descendant of Murnán”); see Murnane.
Reginald
From Latin Reginaldus, Latinization of names deriving from Proto-Germanic *Raginawaldaz.
Hubert
From Old French Hubert, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hugiz (“mind”) + *berhtaz (“bright, famous”). See Saint Hubert.
chleb
Borrowed from Polish chleb. Doublet of khleb and loaf.
turbidity
From Latin turbiditās. By surface analysis, turbid + -ity.
wittily
From Middle English wittily, wyttyly, wittiliche, equivalent to witty + -ly.
wittingly
From Middle English wetandly, wettanly, wetyngly, witandly, witingeliche, wittandly, wittingli, wittingly, wityngli, wityngly, witynly, wytindeliche, wytyngly, equivalent to witting + -ly. Cognate with German wissentlich.
Griselda
From the Old English elements *grīs (“gray”) + hild (“battle”), meaning “gray battle-maid”.
winsomeness
Inherited from Middle English winsomnesse, wynsumnesse, from Old English wynsumness (“pleasantness, agreeableness, delight”), equivalent to winsome + -ness.
Des Moines
From the French name of the nearby Rivière des Moines, which superficially means "river of the monks" and has traditionally been interpreted as a reference to the Trappist monks who settled along it. "It is more likely, however, to be a name of Native American origin, recorded in a 1673 text as moinguena", a Miami designation of the Moingona. The precise interpretation is uncertain; see Moingona.
tendu
Borrowed from Hindi तेंदू (tendū), from Sanskrit तिन्दुक (tinduka).
stiffly
From Middle English stifly, styfly; equivalent to stiff + -ly.
ransomer
From Middle English raunsoner (“redeemer”); equivalent to ransom + -er.
doubtfully
From Middle English dowtfully, doutefulli, equivalent to doubtful + -ly.
foreseeing
From Middle English foreseing, forseying, equivalent to foresee + -ing.
tetraplegic
From tetra- and -plegic, from Ancient Greek πλήσσειν (plḗssein, “to strike”); probably patterned after paraplegic from the Ancient Greek παραπληγή (paraplēgḗ, “the paralysis of half of the body”).
wisher
From Middle English wyssher, wisscher, wyshere, equivalent to wish + -er.
witted
From Middle English witted, ywitted, equivalent to wit + -ed. Compare Old English witod (“appointed, ordained, assured, certain”).
wittiness
From Middle English wittynesse, equivalent to witty + -ness.
wive
From Middle English wiven, iwiven, from Old English wīfian, wīfiġan, ġewīfian (“to take a wife; marry”).
woodbine
From Middle English wodebynd, wodebynde, from Old English wudubind, wudubinde (“woodbine”), equivalent to wood + bine.
Agamemnon
From Ancient Greek Ἀγαμέμνων (Agamémnōn, “very resolute”).