MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
mightsome
From Middle English mightsomen, mihtsomen, apparently an alteration of Middle English nühtsomen, from Old English ġenyhtsumian (“to abound, have abundance, suffice”), from Proto-Germanic *ganuhtsumōną (“to suffice”), from *nuhtiz (“sufficiency, enoughness”), from Proto-Indo-European *eneḱ-, *neḱ- (“to reach, attain”). Cognate with Old High German ginuhtsamōn (“to be sufficient”).
ruthfulness
From Middle English *reowthfulnesse, equivalent to ruthful + -ness.
Agron
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄγρων (Ágrōn).
Kumielsk
From Polish (cognate to German Kumilsko), from an Old Prussian name denoting it as a place where horses were raised (compare Lithuanian kumelė (“horse”)).
Bato
Derived from Philippine bato ("rock, stone"), from Proto-Philippine *batu.
firebath
From Middle English *fyrebath, from Old English fȳrbæþ (“fire-bath”), equivalent to fire + bath.
firedragon
From Middle English fyre dragon; equivalent to fire + dragon, modelled after firedrake.
firehot
From Middle English fyre hoot, fyre hoote, from Old English fȳrhāt (“fire-hot”), equivalent to fire + hot.
mnemo-
From Ancient Greek μνήμη (mnḗmē, “memory”).
Halab
From Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab). Doublet of Aleppo.
wananish
Borrowed from Canadian French ouananiche, from Montagnais, from wanans ("salmon") + -is (diminutive suffix).
mut'ah
Borrowed from Arabic مُتْعَة (mutʕa). Doublet of mutat.
miya
From Japanese 宮(みや) (miya).
Borrowed from Bengali মিয়া (miẏa), itself borrowed from Classical Persian میان (miyān). Doublet of Miah.
tkemali
Borrowed from Georgian ტყემალი (ṭq̇emali).
ssamjang
Borrowed from Korean 쌈장 (ssamjang).
chermoula
From Arabic شَرْمُولَة (šarmūla).
shottsuru
Borrowed from Japanese 塩汁, 醢汁 (しょっつる, shottsuru, literally “salt soup”).
apple-mush
From apple + mush, or perhaps representing, in altered form, Middle English appelmos (“applesauce”). Compare Middle High German apfelmuos (“stewed apples”).
archbishopdom
From Middle English *archebischopdom, from Old English arċebisċopdōm (“archiepiscopal dignity; archbishopric”), equivalent to archbishop + -dom.
Kulturwort
Unadapted borrowing from German Kulturwort, from Kultur (“culture”) + Wort (“word”).
acathistus
From Ancient Greek ἀκάθιστος (akáthistos, “not sitting, standing”).
fish fur
Calque of Russian рыбий мех (rybij mex)
Titanomachy
From Ancient Greek Τῑτᾱνομαχίᾱ (Tītānomakhíā), from Τῑτᾱ́ν (Tītā́n, “Titan”) + μάχη (mákhē, “battle”) + -ια (-ia).
naginata
From Japanese 薙刀 (naginata, literally “mowing hatchet”).
goetta
Borrowed from German Low German Götte, Görte, byforms of Grütte, from Middle Low German grütte, from Old Saxon gruttia, from Proto-West Germanic *gruti.
jalebi
From Hindustani जलेबी / جلیبی (jalebī). Doublet of zalabiya.
maida
From Hindi मैदा (maidā), from Classical Persian میده (mayda).
acreman
From Middle English akerman, acreman, from Old English æcermann, æcerman, from Proto-Germanic *akramann-. Equivalent to acre + -man. Cognate with German Ackermann.
adaw
Inherited from Middle English adawen (“to terminate, defeat”), from adawe (“dead, nonexistent”), from a- (“of”) + dawe, dawen, Early Middle English dative plurals of day (“day”).
Inherited from Middle English adawen (“to dawn, arise, awaken”), from a- + dawen (“to dawn”).
plexor
From Hellenistic Ancient Greek πλῆξις (plêxis, “stroke”) + -or, after flexor etc.
rhizomelia
From rhizo- (“root”) + Ancient Greek Ancient Greek μέλος (mélos, “limb”) + -ia.
wei ch'i
From Mandarin 圍棋 /围棋 (wéiqí), Wade–Giles romanization: wei²-chʻi².
friendful
From Middle English freendful, frendful, frendfull, freondfull, equivalent to friend + -ful.
rubab
Borrowed from Persian رباب (rubāb), from Arabic رَبَاب (rabāb); similar forms exist in many languages where the instrument is played, such as Pashto رباب (rabāb), Punjabi ਰਬਾਬ (rabāb), Hindi रबाब (rabāb).
kurort
Borrowed from German Kurort, in some cases via Russian куро́рт (kurórt).
Byelorussia
Borrowed from Russian Белоруссия (Belorussija).
dulcour
From Middle English dulcour, dulcoure, from Latin dulcor (“sweetness”); cognate with French douceur, whence the English doublet douceur.
kotlovina
Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kotlovìna/котловѝна.
unassayed
From Middle English unasaed, un-assaied, unassaied, unassayed; equivalent to un- + assayed.
bianqing
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 編磬 /编磬 (biānqìng).
friendsome
From Middle English frendsome, equivalent to friend + -some (adjective). Compare Scots friendsome (“friendly”), Dutch vriendzaam (“friendly”), German freundsam (“friendly”).
Derbent
From Ottoman Turkish دربند (Derbend, Derbent), from Persian دربند (darband, literally “bar of a door, bolt; a barrier”), from در (dar, “door, gate, passage”) + بند (band, “band, tie, fastening”).
tarator
From Turkish tarator, from Ottoman Turkish تراتور (tarator, terator). See it for more.
fiendkin
From Middle English feondeken, equivalent to fiend + -kin (diminutive suffix).
Plutonic
From Ancient Greek Πλούτων (Ploútōn, “Pluto, Greek and Roman god of the underworld”) (from πλοῦτος (ploûtos, “riches, wealth”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to fly; to flow; to run”)) + -ων (-ōn)) + -ic (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). The English word is cognate with Middle French plutonique (modern French plutonique (“of or pertaining to Pluto, the underworld, or the interior of the Earth”)).
imogolite
From Japanese 芋子 (imogo, “brownish-yellow soil derived from volcanic ash”) + -lite.
andosol
From Japanese 暗 (“dark”) + 土 (“soil”) + Latin -sol (“soil”).
andisol
From Japanese 暗 (an, “dark”) + 土 (do, “soil”) and Latin solum (“soil”).
takir
From Russian такыр (takyr), from a Turkic source; compare Bashkir таҡыр (taqır).
chott
Borrowed from French chott, from Arabic شَطّ (šaṭṭ). Some of the alternative forms/synonyms (shatt, shat) derive directly from Arabic.
shebka
From Arabic شَبَكَة (šabaka, literally “net”).
Chudskoye
From Russian Чудско́е (Čudskóje).
hidrotic
From the Medieval Latin hidrōticus, from the Ancient Greek ἱδρωτικός (hidrōtikós), from ἱδρώς (hidrṓs, “sweat”, stem: ἱδρωτ-); by surface analysis, hidr(osis)- + -otic.
girouettism
Borrowed from French girouette (“weather vane”) + -ism.
Dainichi Nyorai
From Japanese 大日如来 (Dainichi Nyorai).
Kannon
From Japanese 観音 (Kannon), from Middle Chinese 觀音 (MC kwan 'im), a translation of Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (avalokiteśvara).
doctorand
From Medieval Latin doctōrandus. Doublet of doctorandus.
Ismaili
From Arabic إِسْمَاعِيلِيّ (ʔismāʕīliyy).
hotr
Unadapted borrowing from Sanskrit होतृ (hotṛ).
bonnag
From Manx bonnag. Compare Irish bonnóg (“bannock, scone”), based on Latin pānicum (“millet”). Doublet of bannock.
cushag
From Manx cushag vooar (“big stalk”), from cushag (“stalk”).
padparadscha
From Sanskrit पद्मरंग (padmaraṃga, “colour of the lotus flower”).
bollan bane
From Manx bollan bane (“white wort”), from bollan (“herb, wort”) + bane (“white”); compare Scottish Gaelic bàn.
Langhe
From Italian Langhe, plural of Piedmontese langa (“hill”), of uncertain origin.
From the Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 浪河 (Lànghé).
Ashuku Nyorai
From Japanese 阿閦如来 (Ashuku Nyorai).
Amida Nyorai
From Japanese 阿弥陀如来 (Amida Nyorai).
unfain
From Middle English unfain, unfein, unfawe, from Old English unfæġen, equivalent to un- + fain.
unfast
From Middle English unfasten, unvesten, onfesten, equivalent to un- + fast.
unfull
From Middle English unfulle (“incomplete”), from un- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + ful (“filled to capacity, full; complete, whole”) (from Old English ful, full (“filled, full; complete, entire”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)). The English word is analysable as un- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + full.
endree
From Middle English endryen, adryen, adrigen, from Old English ādrēoġan (“to suffer”), equivalent to a- + dree.
pasquil
Borrowed from New Latin, from Italian pasquillo, from Pasquino.
gajica
From Serbo-Croatian gàjica/га̀јица, from Gȃj, the surname of Ljudevit Gaj.
theed
Learned borrowing from Old English þēod (“language”), from Proto-West Germanic *þeudu, from Proto-Germanic *þeudō (“people, tribe”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“tribe”).
Eldar
Coined by J. R. R. Tolkien as Quenya Eldar, plural of Elda.
argaman
Borrowed from Hebrew אַרְגָּמָן (argaman, “purple, crimson”), from Akkadian 𒅈𒂵𒌋𒌋𒉡 (argamannu, “red-purple”).
Sadakhlo
Borrowed from Georgian სადახლო (sadaxlo), from დახლი (daxli, “counter”).
Kadesh
From Semitic q-d-š (“holy”), thus being "the holy city" in reference to the followers of Qetesh.
ignorantia juris non excusat
Borrowed from Latin ignōrantia factī excūsat, ignōrantia jūris nōn excūsat (“ignorance of fact excuses, ignorance of law does not excuse”).
Machi
Two possible origins:
* Borrowed from Italian Machi or Machì, a surname of unexplained origin.
* Borrowed from Japanese 真地 (Machi), an uncommon surname in Japan.
jianzhi
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 剪紙 /剪纸 (jiǎnzhǐ), from 剪 (jiǎn, “to cut with scissors”) + 紙 /纸 (zhǐ, “paper”).
Red Army
Calque of Russian Красная а́рмия (Krasnaja ármija). The red was the traditional color of the communist movement which was the official ideology of the Soviets at the period.
gose
From German Gose, the name of the beer, from the name of the river Gose which flows through Goslar and from which its brewers took water to make it.
broa
Borrowed from Portuguese broa, possibly of Germanic origin (a doublet of bread).
lemel
From Middle English lymail, from Anglo-Norman limaille, from Latin limare, a form of limo (“to file”); see further there.
hemione
From New Latin hēmionus, from Ancient Greek ἡμῐ́ονος (hēmĭ́onos, “half ass, mule”).
garmon
From Russian гармо́нь (garmónʹ), cognate to English harmonica.
* As an Irish surname, variant of Gorman.
* As an English and German surname, variant of Garman.
Shahryar
Borrowed from Classical Persian شَهْرْیَار (šahryār).
shinrinyoku
Borrowed from Japanese 森(しん)林(りん)浴(よく) (shinrin'yoku).
Minnehaha County
Borrowed from Dakota mníȟaȟa (“waterfall" or "rapids”) (mní (“water”) + ȟaȟa (“curling”)) + English county.
Minnehaha
Named after Minnehaha Falls in Minneapolis (borrowed from Dakota mníȟaȟa (“waterfall" or "rapids”) (mní (“water”) + ȟaȟa (“curling”))
Ramesses
From Ancient Greek Ῥαμέσσης (Rhaméssēs), itself from Egyptian rꜥ-ms-sw,
ra-ms-sw
Chione
From Ancient Greek Χιόνη (Khiónē), derived from χιών (khiṓn, “snow”).
mitsumata
From Japanese 三椏(みつまた) (mitsumata, “paperbush”).
Ossining
From earlier Ossingsing, named for the nearby Sing Sing Kill, borrowed from Dutch Sintsing, Sintsinck, from Munsee *ăsúnchung (*ăsə́nčəng), *ăshúnshung (*ăšə́nšəng, “at the small stone”), ăsún (ăsə́n, “stone”) + -ush (-əš, diminutive suffix) + -ung (-əng, locative suffix), from Proto-Algonquian *aʔsenya. The prison located on the site retains the older form of the name, Sing Sing.
Montauk
Borrowing from Mohegan-Pequot Montaukett, the name of the tribe, which roughly translates to "the fort country".
Taconic
From Tacony (a certain river) + -ic. The river's name is borrowed from Unami tèkhane (literally “cold river”), from tè inan (“cold”) + -hàne (“river”).
Other early spellings include Taughkannuc.
seemlihood
From Middle English semlyhode, variant of semlyhede (modern English seemlihead); equivalent to seemly + -hood.
Choibalsan
From Mongolian Чойбалсан (Čojbalsan).
bat'leth
From Klingon betleH, short for batlh'etlh (“sword of honor”).
remew
From Middle English remewen, from Old French remuer, from Medieval Latin remutare, from Latin re- + mutare.
ochone
Inherited from Middle English oghane, from Scottish Gaelic ochóin and Irish ochón. Cognate with Scots ochone.
beward
From Middle English *bewarden, from Old English beweardian (“to ward, protect, keep”), equivalent to be- + ward.
Yiddishkeit
Borrowed from Yiddish ייִדישקייט (yidishkeyt).
Shikasta Nasta'liq
Ultimately from Classical Persian شِکَسْتَهنَسْتَعْلِیق (šikasta-nasta'līq, literally “broken Nastaliq”), possibly via Urdu شکستہ نستعلیق (śikasta-nastālīq).
Khaghkhagh
Borrowed from Armenian Խաղխաղ (Xaġxaġ).
Khalkhal
Borrowed from Old Armenian Խաղխաղ (Xałxał).
gua sha
Borrowed from Mandarin 刮痧 (guāshā, literally “scrape sand”).
taotie
Borrowed from Mandarin 饕餮 (tāotiè).
Douro
Borrowed from Portuguese Douro, from Old Galician-Portuguese Doiro, from Latin Durius, possibly from Proto-Celtic *dubros (“water”).
olistostrome
From Ancient Greek ὀλισθάνω (olisthánō, “to slide”) + Ancient Greek στρῶμα (strôma, “bed”).
decisor
From Latin dēcīsor, from dēcīdō (past participial stem dēcīs-) + -or.
Burzumesque
Burzum + -esque, after the band Burzum, named for the Black Speech word burzum (“darkness”), from J. R. R. Tolkien’s fictional language.
nomen instrumenti
Learned borrowing from Latin nōmen īnstrūmentī.
Tao Te Ching
From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 道德經 /道德经 (Dàodéjīng, “Classic of the Dao and De”).
Jinsha
From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 金沙 (Jīnshā, literally “golden sand”).
From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 津沙 (Jīnshā).
Jinsha Jiang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 金沙江 (Jīnshā Jiāng).
Kinsha
From the Nanking court dialect (later Postal Romanization) romanization of Mandarin 金沙 (Jīnshā), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/.
Chin-sha
From the Mandarin 金沙 (Jīnshā) Wade–Giles romanization: Chin¹-sha¹.
Chin-sha Chiang
From the Wade–Giles romanization of 金沙江 (Jīnshājiāng) Wade-Giles romanization: Chin¹-sha¹ Chiang¹.
Dogo Argentino
From Spanish dogo argentino, from dogo (“molosser”) (from English dog) + argentino (“Argentine”).
Sea Peoples
Calque of Egyptian nꜣ ḫꜣswt nt pꜣ ym (“the peoples/foreigners of the sea”), as written in the Great Karnak Inscription.
Muhsin
Borrowed from Arabic مُحْسِن (muḥsin, “charitable”).
Anglish
Coined by British author Paul Jennings in 1966 from Angl(e) + -ish, from Old English Engle + -isċ, as a jocular name in the British magazine Punch. Doublet of English.
Varronian
From Latin Varrōniānus, from Varrō + -iānus.
liquidationism
From liquidation + -ism, calque of Russian Ликвидаторство (Likvidatorstvo), possibly via German. First attested in 1919.
otzovist
Borrowed from Russian отзови́ст (otzovíst).
otzovism
Borrowed from Russian отзови́зм (otzovízm).
Walcott
From Old English wealh (“foreigner, Briton, Welshman”) + cot (“cottage”); compare the doublet Walcot.
Azad Kashmir
From Urdu آزاد کشمیر (literally “free Kashmir”), from آزاد (āzād) + کشمیر.
antichresis
From Late Latin antichresis, from Ancient Greek ἀντίχρησις (antíkhrēsis).
New Taipei
c. 2008, calque of Chinese 新北 (Xīnběi) as New + Taipei, officially adopted in 2010.
harami
From Arabic حَرَامِيّ (ḥarāmiyy).
buky
From Old Church Slavonic боукꙑ (buky), from Proto-Slavic *buky, from Proto-West Germanic *bōku. Doublet of beech.
foresay
From Middle English foresayen, foreseyen, foreseggen (found only in past participle foresaid), from Old English foreseċġan (“to foresay, foretell, predict, announce, mention beforehand”), equivalent to fore- + say. Cognate with Dutch voorzeggen (“to foretell, presage”), Old Danish foresige, Swedish föresäga, förutsäga (“to predict”).
Stuka
From German Stuka, from Sturzkampfbomber (“dive bomber”).
leporiphobia
From Latin lepor- (“hare”) -i- + phobia.
Azhdahak
From Armenian Աժդահակ (Aždahak).
Scunthorpe
From Old English Escumetorpe, from Old Norse Skumasþorp, from Skuma + -s + þorp, literally “Skuma's homestead”.
full-grade
From full + grade, as in gradation (“apophony”). Possibly after German Vollstufe.
Mameluke
Borrowed from a European language such as Late Latin mameluc or Middle French mamelu, mameluch (modern French mameluk, mamelouk), borrowed from Arabic مَمْلُوك (mamlūk, “(adjective) owned, possessed; (noun) slave (especially a white slave)”), the passive participle of مَلَكَ (malaka, “to own, possess; to be the master”), from م ل ك (m l k, root relating to authority and possession). Doublet of mameluco.
Gillingham
From the Old English personal name *Gylla + -ing (“belonging to”) + hām (“homestead”).
Asaph
Borrowed from Hebrew אָסַף (’Āsāp̄); meaning "Gathered by God".
Gwadar
Borrowed from Urdu گوادر (gvādar), itself from Baluchi گوادر (gwādar), a compound of گوات (gwát, “wind, air”) + در (dar, “door, gateway”).
O'Dea
Anglicisation of Irish Ó Deághaidh (“descendant of Deághadh”), a personal name held by tenth-century Irish chieftain, from deagh (“good”) + ádh (“luck, fate”).
Rhodope
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ῥοδόπη (Rhodópē).
forbleed
From Middle English forbleden, equivalent to for- + bleed. Cognate with German verbluten.
Tillamook
From Chinook T-Elim-ook, meaning something like 'the many villages of Elim'.
yellow cab
Originally selected owing to yellow's high visibility and common in horsedrawn form in Paris and London in the 1800s and New York in the 1880s. Now chiefly associated with the yellow automotive taxicabs popularized around New York by the Yellow Taxicab Co. In reference to sexually available Asian women, a calque of Japanese イエローキャブ (ierō kyabu), from English yellow cab and popularized by Shōko Ieda's 1991 novel by that name, from its female characters' supposed "yellow" skin and the notion they provided "rides" to the general public.
Umbri
Borrowed from Latin umbrī. Also called Ombrii in some Roman sources. Many Roman writers thought the Umbri to be Celtic; Cornelius Bocchus wrote that they descended from an ancient Gaulish tribe. Plutarch wrote that the name might be a different way of writing the name of the Celtic tribe Ambrones, which loosely means "King of the Boii". He also suggested that the Insubres, another Gaulish tribe, might be connected; their Celtic name Isombres could possibly mean "Lower Umbrians", or inhabitants of the country below Umbria.
Subcarpathia
Calque of Polish Podkarpacie. By surface analysis, sub + Carpathia.
oligolecty
Probably from oligolectic + -y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting conditions, qualities, or states). Oligolectic is derived from English oligo- (prefix meaning ‘few’) (from Ancient Greek ὀλῐ́γος (olĭ́gos, “few, little”), from Proto-Indo-European *(o)leyg- (“indigent, poor; miserable”)) + Ancient Greek λεκτός (lektós, “chosen”) (from λέγω (légō, “to choose; to arrange; to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”)) + English -ic (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ from nouns), possibly modelled after eclectic.
oligolectic
From English oligo- (prefix meaning ‘few’) (from Ancient Greek ὀλῐ́γος (olĭ́gos, “few, little”), from Proto-Indo-European *(o)leyg- (“indigent, poor; miserable”)) + Ancient Greek λεκτός (lektós, “chosen”) (from λέγω (légō, “to choose; to arrange; to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”)) + English -ic (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ from nouns), possibly modelled after eclectic.
Gilgit-Baltistan
Borrowed from Urdu گلگت بلتستان (gilgit baltistān).
Khalistan
Borrowed from Punjabi ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ (xālistān) / خالِصْتان (xāliṣtān). Literally, “Land of the Khalsa ”. Analyzable as Khalsa + -istan.
arithmosophy
From French arithmosophie, ultimately equivalent to arithmo- + -sophy.
yern
From Middle English yern (“willing, eager”), from Old English ġeorn (“eager”), from Proto-West Germanic *gern, from Proto-Germanic *gernaz.
Cognate with Danish gerne (“gladly”), Dutch gaarne (“with pleasure, gladly”), German gern (“willingly, gladly”), Icelandic gjarn (“willing, keen, eager”), Icelandic gjarna (“willingly, readily, gladdly”), Swedish gärna (“willingly, gladly”). See also yearnful and yearnfully.
Theodism
Learned borrowing from Old English þēod (“nation, people, tribe, race”) + -ism
huwasi
Learned borrowing from Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒅆 (ḫu-wa-ši).
tamas
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तमस् (támas, “darkness”).
Borrowed from Hungarian Tamás.
khalasi
From Hindi ख़लासी (xalāsī), from Classical Persian خلاصی (xalāsī).
Hualien
From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 花蓮 /花莲 (Hua¹-lien²).
Nantou
From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 南投 (Nántóu) Wade–Giles romanization: Nan²-tʻou².
From Mandarin 南頭／南头 (Nántóu).
Banqiao
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 板橋／板桥 (Bǎnqiáo).
Pingtung
c. 1940s, from Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 屏東 (Píngdōng) Wade-Giles romanization: Pʻing²-tung¹.
Taitung
From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 臺東／台東 (Táidōng, literally “eastern Taiwan”) Wade–Giles romanization: Tʻai²-tung¹, from Taitung Prefecture (臺東直隸州), created ca. 1887.
Miaoli
From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 苗栗 (Miáolì), Wade–Giles romanization: Miao²-li⁴.
From Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 廟李／庙李.
Imbolc
Learned borrowing from Old Irish Imbolc, originally the name of a pagan festival, later a name for Candlemas. The etymology of the Old Irish word is uncertain; common explanations include the following:
* From Old Irish i mbolg (“in the belly”), referring to pregnant ewes.
* From Old Irish imb-fholc (“to cleanse or wash oneself”), referring to a ritual cleansing.
* Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ- (“to milk; milk”), though the connection between the milking of animals and the festival is not clear. Some descendants of this root have meanings related to cleansing (for example, Persian مالیدن (mâlidan, “to rub, smear”), Sanskrit मर्जति (marjati, “to clean, wipe”)), so the root could also have the sense of purification.
Ostara
Borrowed from reconstructed Old High German *Ôstara (German Ostern, Cimbrian Oastarn, Mòcheno Oastern, Hunsrik Oostre, Luxembourgish Ouschteren, East Central German Ustern). Related to English Easter, which see for some more information.
grzywna
Borrowed from Old Polish grzywna. Doublet of grivna and hryvnia.
Akragas
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀκράγᾱς (Akrágās); compare Agrigento.
Napp
Various origins:
* As an English surname, variant of Nabb or reduced from McNabb.
* As a German surname, a variant spelling of Knapp.
* English metonymic occupational surname for a maker or seller of tablecloths, from Old French nappe (“table cloth”).
* Borrowed from German Napp, a metonymic occupational surname for a bowl or cup maker, from Middle Low German nap (“bowl, mug”), from Old Saxon *hnapp, from Proto-West Germanic *hnapp.
Rapp
From the German surname, from Middle High German rapp, rabe (“raven”). See modern German Rabe.
Antibes
From French Antibes, from Ancient Greek Ἀντίπολις (Antípolis, “cross-city”).
Armani
From Italian Armani.
Clipping of Al-Armani. From Arabic الأرمني (literally “the Armenian”).
Jatt
Borrowed from Punjabi ਜੱਟ (jaṭṭ). See ਜੱਟ (jaṭṭ) or Jat for more.
Raumismo
Learned borrowing from Esperanto Raŭmismo, after the Finnish town of Rauma.
Figueroa
Borrowed from Spanish Figueroa, itself from Galician Figueroa.
Balbi
Borrowed from Italian Balbi; this surname is also frequently attested in Argentina and Brazil.
Bazzi
Borrowed from Arabic بزي; this surname is mostly found in Lebanon. It could also be borrowed from Italian Bazzi.
Bellinzona
From Italian Bellinzona, from Latin Bilitiō, Bilitiōnem, from a Lepontic term meaning “juniper bushes”.
Breisgau
From German Breisgau, from Breisach, a town on the Rhine, and Gau, a district.
Wann
Named after one Robert F. Wann, whose surname comes from Cherokee [Term?].
Koper
Borrowed from Slovene Koper.
Borrowed from Polish Koper.
Dargin
From Russian дарги́нский (dargínskij), дарги́нец (dargínec), ultimately from Dargwa дарган, дарккван (dargan, darkkvan, the Dargwa autonym).
Helvetii
From Latin Helvetii, from a Celtic name. First element from Proto-Celtic *ɸelus (“many”), from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us (“many”); second element said to be from Celtic root *ɸeitu (“grassland, terrain”), which shares an origin with Old Irish íath (“grassland, territory”).
Galli
* As an Italian surname, spelling variant of Gallo
* As an Alemannic German surname, spelling variant of Galle
* As a Hungarian surname, spelling variant of Gáli, itself from a pet form of Ecclesiastical Latin Gallus. Also see Gal.
epispasm
From Ancient Greek ἐπισπάω (epispáō, “draw the foreskin foreward”), from σπάω (spáō).
kynodesme
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κυνοδέσμη (kunodésmē, literally “dog tie”).
Khayyamian
From Khayyam (from Persian خیام (xayyâm), from the Arabic male given name خَيّام (ḵayyām)) + -ian.
Penghu
From the Wade-Giles romanization of Mandarin 澎湖 (Pénghú), Wade–Giles romanization: Pʻêng²-hu².
Maaloula
From Western Neo-Aramaic ܡܰܥܠܽܘܠܰܐ (Maʿlūlā).
was-sceptre
Borrowed from Egyptian wꜣs (“was-sceptre, rule”), compounded with sceptre.
char siu
From Cantonese 叉燒／叉烧 (caa¹ siu¹, “fork roast”).