MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Nawabganj District
Named after the nawabs of Bengal; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic نواب (“representative, deputy”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”).
The alternative name "Chapainawabganj" (Bengali: চাঁপাইনবাবগঞ্জ) comes from prefixing the discussed term with চাঁপাই (cãpai).
proemial
From Middle English prohemyal, from Medieval Latin proēmiālis.
Meherpur District
Refers to the district of Meherpur, a transliteration of মেহেরপুর, a compound of মেহের (meher) + পুর (pura, “city”); there are two theories on the origin of the first element:
* Named after the Sufi saint Meher Ali Shah; thus from Persian مهر (“friendship, love”).
* Named after the astrologer-astronomer Varāhamihira; thus from Sanskrit मिहिर (mihira, “sun”).
Brahmanbaria District
Refers to the district of Brahmanbaria, a transliteration of Bengali ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া (brahmonbaṛiẏa), a compound of ব্রাহ্মণ (brahmon, “Brahmin”) + বাড়ি (baṛi, “home”) + -ইয়া (-iẏa, suffix to mean relationship), literally meaning "home of the Brahmins".
Khagrachari District
From Bengali খাগড়াছড়ি (khagṛachoṛi), a compound of খাগড়া (khagoṛa, “reed”) + ছড়ি (choṛi, “river”, from Sanskrit सरित् (sarit, “river, stream”)), referring to the reeds around the banks of the Chengi River, near which the district headquarters are located.
Lakshmipur District
A transliteration of Bengali লক্ষ্মীপুর (lokkhipur), a compound of লক্ষ্মী (lakṣmī, “Lakshmi”) + পুর (pura, “city”).
Narayanganj District
Named after a market which was dedicated to the god Narayana; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali নারায়ণ (naraẏon) + Bengali গঞ্জ (gonj, “treasury, store”), from Persian گنج.
Rajbari District
A transliteration of Bengali রাজবাড়ী (rajbaṛi), a compound of রাজ (raj, “royal”) + বাড়ী (baṛi, “house”), literally meaning "palace, royal-house", as it is an homage to the former royalties (nawabs) and wealthy landowners (zamindars) of the region.
Shariatpur District
Refers to the district of Shariatpur, a transliteration of শরীয়তপুর, ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic شَرِيعَة (šarīʕa, “law, shari'a”) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Haji Shariatullah.
Sherpur District
Refers to the district of Sherpur, a transliteration of শেরপুর, ultimately a bilingual compound of Classical Persian شیر (šēr, “lion”) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Sher Ali Gazi, the last zamindar of the region.
Munshiganj District
Named after a local faujdar called Munshi Hayder Hossain; thus ultimately a compound of Persian منشی (“secretary, munshi”) + گنج (“treasury, store”).
Madaripur District
Named after the saint-preacher Shah Madar; thus ultimately a trilingual compound of Arabic مَدَار (madār, “orbit”) + Bengali -ঈ (-i, adjectival suffix) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “fortress, town”). The Bengali suffix itself is influenced by both Sanskrit and Arabic
Manikgonj District
Named after a Sufi preacher called Manik Shah; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali মানিক (manik, “ruby”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”); the first element is from Sanskrit माणिक्य (māṇikya), a vriddhi of मणिक (maṇika), a compound of मणि (maṇi, “gem, jewel”) + -क (-ka, diminutive suffix).
Kishoreganj District
Named after a market founded by Nanda Kishore Pramanik; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali কিশোর (kiśōr, “youth, teenager”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”).
Jamalpur District
Refers to the district of Jamalpur, a transliteration of Bengali জামালপুর (jamalpur), ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic جمال (“beauty”) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Baba Shah Jamal.
Gopalganj District
Named after Nabo Gopal, the son of a local landlord called Ganeshchandra, the grandson of Rani Rashmoni; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali গোপাল (gōpal, “cowherd”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”).
Gazipur District
Refers to the district of Gazipur, a transliteration of গাজীপুর, ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic غَازِي (ḡāzī, “warrior, ghazi”, construct state of غَازِ (ḡāzi)) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Fazl Gazi, one of the Baro Bhuyans of Bengal and the first zamindar of Bhawal Estate.
Faridpur District
Named after the mystic-preacher Fariduddin Ganjshakar; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic فَرِيد (farīd, “single, unique”) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “fortress, town”).
K'iche'
Borrowed from K'iche' Kʼicheʼ.
histogeny
Learned borrowing from German Histogenie, itself from histo- + -genie; equivalent to histo- (“biological tissue”) + -geny (“origin”).
increate
First attested in 1412, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English increat(e), borrowed from Medieval Latin increātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). See also in- (“not”), and create.
loude
From Middle English loude, lude, from Old English hlȳd (“noise, sound, tumult, disturbance, dissension”), from Proto-Germanic *hlūdijō (“sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”).
Cognate with Scots lood, luid (“sound, noise, tone, voice”), West Frisian lûd (“sound, voice, vote, say”), Dutch geluid (“sound”), German Laut (“sound”), Swedish ljud (“sound”), Icelandic hljóð (“sound”).
nodosaurid
From translingual Nodosauridae, from New Latin nodosaurus + -idae, equivalent to nodosaur + -id.
hypsilophodont
From the genus name translingual Hypsilophodont. By surface analysis, hypsi- + loph- + -odont, from Ancient Greek ὑψίλοφος (hupsílophos).
ankylosaurid
From taxonomic name Ankylosauridae, from Ankylosaurus + New Latin -idae (“-id, related to”), from Ancient Greek -ίδης (-ídēs, “-son, son of”). Equivalent to ankylosaur + -id.
nostalgie de la boue
Borrowed from French nostalgie de la boue (literally “nostalgia for mud”).
covin
From Old French covin, from Latin convena (“a meeting, a coming together”), from conveniō.
epicanthic
From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí) + κανθός (kanthós).
ajapsandali
Borrowed from Georgian აჯაფსანდალი (aǯapsandali).
ajapsandal
Borrowed from Armenian աջափսանդալ (aǰapʻsandal).
grysbok
From Afrikaans grysbok, from Dutch grijsbok, from grijs (“gray”) + bok (“buck, billy goat”).
harbourer
From Middle English herberer, harberer, herberour, herborewer, herberȝer, equivalent to harbour + -er.
empery
From Middle English emperie, from Old French emperie, from Latin imperium, inperium (“command, control, dominion, sovereignty, a dominion, empire”), from imperare, inperare (“to command, order”), from in (“in, on”) + parare (“to make ready, order”). Doublet of imperium and empire.
forpine
From Middle English forpinen, equivalent to for- + pine. Cognate with Middle Low German vorpinen (“to forpine”).
minish
From Middle English menuse, from Middle French menusier, from Vulgar Latin *minūtiāre.
tarre
From Middle English tarien, taryen (“to vex, harass, cause to hesitate, delay”), from Old English tirġan, terġan, tirian (“to worry, exasperate”).
rainworm
From Middle English [Term?], from Old English reġnwyrm, from Proto-Germanic [Term?]. Analysable as rain + worm, because the worm has the habit of surfacing on top of the saturated soil after rainfall. Cognate with Dutch regenworm, Old High German reganwurm, whence German Regenwurm.
antirrhinum
From Latin antirrhīnum, variant form of antirrhīnon, anti- + rhino- + -um.
antivenene
From anti- + venene (“venom”), from Latin venēnum (“juice; venom”). Doublet of antivenom and antivenin.
prolocutor
Borrowed from Medieval Latin prōlocūtor, from Latin prōlocūtus, from pro (“before”) + locūtus (“having spoken”).
schnorrer
Borrowed from Yiddish שנאָרער (shnorer) or German Schnorrer.
soutache
Borrowed from French soutache, from Hungarian sujtás (“ribbon, braid”).
sekere
From Yoruba ṣẹ̀kẹ̀rẹ̀.
strandloper
Borrowed from Afrikaans strandloper, from Dutch strandloper.
strickle
From Middle English strikile, strikelle, strikyll, from Old English stricel, equivalent to strick + -le (diminutive suffix). Compare Middle Dutch strijkel, streekel, strekel.
terreplein
Originally a borrowing of Italian terrapieno (“earth-fill(ed)”), later altered after the model of French terreplein (now terre-plein). Its former misspellings arose from confusion of the second element of the name with Italian piano or French plain, plane (“flat, level”) based on the appearance of the earth-filled central platforms of walls.
hornfels
Borrowed from German Hornfels, literally "horn stone", after its frequent association with glacial "horn peaks" in the Alps.
le sigh
Used by Pepé Le Pew, stereotypically French skunk character in Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons; combination of French le (“the”) and English sigh.
Chalan Beel
From Bengali চলনবিল (colnobil).
kiddle
From Middle English kidel, kedel, kydel, from Anglo-Norman quidel, quideau (“a wicker framework used to trap fish”), from Old Breton kidel (“a net at the mouth of a stream”).
Saidpur
From Bengali সৈয়দপুর (śōiẏdopur), Punjabi ਸੈਦਪੁਰ (saidpur), Hindi सैदपुर (saidpur) and Urdu سیدپور (saidpūr). All are ultimately bilingual compounds of Arabic سَيِّد (sayyid, “master”, specifically referring to the descendants of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “city”), named in honor of various Sayyids who settled or preached there.
daughtren
From Middle English doughtren; equivalent to daughter + -en (plural ending).
dryas
Borrowed from translingual Dryas for the plants, from both Latin Dryas and Ancient Greek Δρῠᾰ́ς (Drŭắs), derived from δρῦς (drûs, “tree, oak”). The second definition comes from the large quantity of pollen from the plant that is found in ice cores dating from these periods.
entropion
From Ancient Greek ἐν- (en-, “in”) + τρέπω (trépō, “to turn”).
etagere
Borrowed from French étagère, from Old Occitan estagiera (modern Occitan estatgiera).
firedrake
From Middle English firdrake, from Old English fȳrdraca (“fire-spewing dragon”), equivalent to fire + drake.
Hermaphroditus
From Latin, from Ancient Greek Ἑρμαφρόδιτος (Hermaphróditos, from Ἑρμῆς (Hermês) + Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē)).
patrial
From Latin patria (“fatherland, country”). The United Kingdom sense was first introduced by the Immigration Act 1971 (c. 77).
perigynous
From peri- + Ancient Greek γῠνή (gŭnḗ, “woman”) + -ous. From peri- + gyn- + -ous.
bleareyed
From Middle English blereyȝed, blere iȝed, bler-yed, equivalent to blear + eyed. Cognate with Low German bleeroged (“bleareyed”).
skeel
From Old Norse skjóla, from Proto-Germanic *skeulǭ.
siglum
Learned borrowing from Late Latin siglum (“abbreviation”), possibly a contracted form of:
* sigillum (“figurine, statuette; seal”), from signum (“figure, statue; seal, signet; mark, sign”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut, sever; to cut off”) or *sekʷ- (“to follow”)) + -ulum (diminutive suffix); or
* singulum, a singular form of singulus (“apiece; every; single”, adjective), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one; together”).
The plural form sigla is a learned borrowing from Late Latin sigla.
toreutics
From Ancient Greek τορευτικός (toreutikós, “of metal work”), from τορευτός (toreutós, “worked in relief”), from τορέω (toréō, “I work in relief”), from τορευς (toreus, “a boring tool”), from Proto-Indo-European *terə-.
Melkonyan
Borrowed from Armenian Մելքոնյան (Melkʻonyan).
brattice
Inherited from Middle English bretage, bretace, from Old French bretesce, bretesche, breteske, from Late Latin brittisca.
admittatur
Borrowed from Latin admittātur (“let him be admitted”), the third-person singular present passive subjunctive form of admittō (“to let in; to admit”).
seafowl
From Middle English sefoul, from Old English sǣfugol (“seabird”), equivalent to sea + fowl. Cognate with Dutch zeevogel, German Seevogel, Swedish sjöfågel, Icelandic sjófugl.
angwantibo
From Ibibio añwa (“cat”) + nte (“like”) + ibọk (“monkey”).
dunnart
Probably borrowed from Nyunga danard (“Sminthopsis griseoventer”).
hummel
Probably from Middle English hamelen (“to maim, mutilate; to cut short”), from Old English hamelian (“to hamstring, mutilate”), from Proto-Germanic *hamalōną, *hamlōną (“to mutilate”), from Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“hornless; mutilated”). Cognate with Dutch hamel (“wether”), English hamble, Low German hommel, hummel (“an animal lacking horns”), humlich, dialectal hommlich (“lacking horns”), Bavarian humlet (“lacking horns”), German hammeln, hämmeln (“to geld”), Icelandic hamla (“to maim, mutilate”).
OxfordDictionaries.com suggests that the “ear of grain with its awns removed” sense preceded the “animal without antlers or horns” sense.
husbandhood
From Middle English husbondhode, equivalent to husband + -hood.
lagena
From Latin lagēna (“flagon; large flask”), from Ancient Greek λάγηνος (lágēnos, “flask, pitcher”). alternative form of λᾰ́γῡνος (lắgūnos)
rebetiko
Borrowed from Greek ρεμπέτικο (rempétiko, “rebetiko”).
ascon
From New Latin ascon (plural ascones), from Ancient Greek ἀσκός (askós, “skin, hide for making bags; paunch”) + -on.
glass harp
Possibly a calque of German Glasharfe, from Glas (“glass”) + Harfe (“harp”) (see the 1969 quotation).
rudist
From French rudistes (plural), from rude (“rough, uneven”), or its source, Latin rudis. Compare scientific Latin Rudista.
schmutter
From Yiddish שמאַטע (shmate, “rag”).
delectate
First attested in 1647; borrowed from Latin dēlectātus, perfect passive participle of dēlectō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
beswink
From Middle English beswinken, from Old English beswincan (“to labour, toil, exert oneself”); equivalent to be- + swink. More at swink.
shink
From Middle English shynken, schenken, schenchen (“to pour, pour a drink”), from Old English sċenċan (“to pour”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankijan, from Proto-Germanic *skankijaną. Doublet of skink.
Thumbelina
From thumb, as a calque of Danish Tommelise, the original name created by Hans Christian Andersen.
costmary
From Latin costum, from Ancient Greek κόστος (kóstos, “an Oriental aromatic plant”), and Maria (“the Virgin Mary”); only indirectly related to English rosemary.
monial
From Anglo-Norman, from Old French moinel, noun use of moienel (“middle”), from moien.
Lide
Inherited from Middle English Lyde, from Old English hlȳda, from hlȳdan (“to make noise”) + -a (agentive suffix), literally “noise-maker”; thus the only Germanic month name to survive in Modern English. Compare loud, and more distantly listen, slave.
From the German surname, possibly Americanized from Leid.
sherwani
Borrowed from Urdu شیروانی (śervānī)/Hindi शेरवानी (śervānī), from the name of a town in Persia.
hirn
From Middle English hirne, herne, from Old English hyrne (“horn, corner, angle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hurnijā, from Proto-Germanic *hurnijǭ (“horn, corner, angle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-. Proto-Germanic *hurnijǭ is a diminutive form of *hurną, from which comes English horn. Doublet of hern.
afforce
From Old French afforcer, aforcer, from Latin exfortiāre, from fortis (“strong”). By surface analysis af- + force.
agrion
From the neuter, ἄγρῐον (ágrĭon), of Ancient Greek ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild, fierce; living in open fields”).
berberis
From the genus name Berberis, from French berbère, from Medieval Latin barberis, from Arabic بَرْبَارِيس (barbārīs). Doublet of barberry and related to Berber.
cabildo
From Spanish cabildo, from Latin capitulum. Doublet of chapter, chapiter, capitule, and capitulum.
waterpot
From Middle English waterpot, waterpott, water pott, watyrpotte, equivalent to water + pot. Cognate with West Frisian wetterpot (“waterpot”), Dutch waterpot (“waterpot”). Compare also German Wassertopf (“waterpot”).
disafforest
From Middle English disafforeten, from Anglo-Norman disaforester and its probable etymon Latin disafforestō. By surface analysis, dis- + afforest.
salinon
From Ancient Greek *σάλινον (*sálinon, unattested), presumably from and meaning the same as Latin salīnum (“salt-cellar”), derived from sal (“salt”) (compare salillum).
ahint
From Middle English at-hinden, from Old English æthindan (“behind, after”), equivalent to at- + hind.
anthropodicy
Blend of anthropo- (prefix meaning ‘human beings, people’) + theodicy (“justification of a deity or of particular attributes of a deity; specifically, a justification of the existence of evil and suffering in the world”). Anthropo- is derived from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “human being, person; all human beings, mankind”), ultimately possibly Pre-Greek; while the -dicy element of theodicy is from Ancient Greek δῐ́κη (dĭ́kē, “justice; judgment, order; law; right”), and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out”).
ondatra
From Huron / Wyandot ondatra or ondathra, attested in Gabriel Sagard's 1632 French Dictionnaire de la langue huronne and found in the Huron dialects of the Hochelaga region of Canada.
chameli
Borrowed from Hindi चमेली (camelī).
Borrowed from Sanskrit चमेली (camelī).
condemnate
Borrowed from Latin condemnātus, perfect passive participle of condemnō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of condemn.
tenible
As if from a Latin *tenibilis, from teneō (“to hold, to retain”). Compare tenable, docible.
aret
From Old French àreter, from à + reter, from Latin reputāre (“to count”).
arent
Learned borrowing from Latin ārentem, the accusative singular form of ārēns (“drying, parching; withering”), the present participle of āreō (“to be dry or parched; to be dried up or withered”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- (“to be dry; to dry; to burn; ashes”).
lantana
From translingual Lantana (genus name), from (northern dialect) Italian lantana (“the wayfaring-tree, Viburnum lantana”).
kamishibai
Borrowed from Japanese 紙芝居 (literally “paper drama”).
hartal
Borrowed, via Hindi हड़ताल (haṛtāl), from Gujarati હડતાળ (haḍtāḷ), હડતાલ (haḍtāl), literally “locking of shops”.
tarkhan
From a descendant of Proto-Turkic *tarkan, ultimate origin uncertain. See Chinese 單于 (chányú) and the Wikipedia page for more. Doublet of chanyu.
Borrowed from Punjabi ਤਰਖਾਣ / تَرکھاݨ (tarkhāṇ).
deaurate
Borrowed from Latin deaurātus, perfect passive participle of deaurō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
From Middle English deaurat, from Latin deaurātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
ustulate
Borrowed from Latin ustulatus, past participle of ustulare (“to scorch”), urere (“to burn”).
inkle
From Middle English inklen, inclen (“to give an inkling of, hint at, mention, utter in an undertone”), derived from inke (“apprehension, misgiving”), from Old English inca (“doubt, suspicion”), from Proto-West Germanic *inkō, from Proto-Germanic *inkô (“ache, regret”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eng- (“illness”). Cognate with Old Frisian jinc (“angered”), Old Norse ekki (“pain, grief”), Norwegian ekkje (“lack, pity”).
macumba
Etymology tree
Kimbundu makôbabor.
Portuguese macumbabor.
English macumba
Borrowed from Portuguese macumba (“macumba; curse”), derived from Kimbundu makôba (or a related Bantu language of western Central Africa).
adaptate
When used by native speakers, a back-formation from adaptation; equivalent to adapt + -ate. When used by ESL speakers, a calque of Portuguese and Spanish adaptar; compare, for example, English integrate and Portuguese and Spanish integrar.
slidder
From Middle English slider, from Old English slidor, from Proto-West Germanic *slidr, from Proto-Germanic *slidraz, from Proto-Indo-European *slidʰ-ró-s, from *sleydʰ- (“to slip, glide”). Related to Old English slīdan (“to slide”). More at slide.
From Middle English slyderen, slidren, from Old English sliderian (“to slip”), from Proto-West Germanic *slidrōn (“to slide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleydʰ- (“to slip”). Cognate with Middle Dutch slideren (“to drag, train”), German schlittern (“to slip, slide”).
Maclean
From Scottish Gaelic MacGilleEathain, patronymic form of a personal name meaning "servant of (Saint) John".
armet
From French armet, from Middle French armet, heaumet, from Old French helmet, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *helm (“helmet”). Doublet of helm and helmet.
doughtiness
From Middle English douȝtines; equivalent to doughty + -ness.
Selkirk
From Old English sǣl (“hall”) + cirice (“church”).
dister
From Latin dis- + terra (“earth, country”); compare Spanish and Portuguese desterrar.
frustrator
Borrowed from Latin frūstrātor. Doublet of frustrater.
unmighty
From Middle English vnmyghty, vnmyȝty, unmihti, from Old English unmihtiġ (“weak, not mighty”), equivalent to un- + mighty.
Gott in Himmel
Misquotation of German Gott im Himmel.
exonerator
From Latin exonerātor. By surface analysis, exonerate + -or.
nainsook
From Hindi नैनसुख (nainsukh), from नैन (nain, “eye”) + सुख (sukh, “pleasure, luxury”).
plagiator
From Dutch plagiator and German Plagiator, from Latin plagiātor.
ululant
Derived from Latin ululāns, present participle of ululō (“to howl”).
usurpator
From Middle French usurpateur or Late Latin ūsūrpātor.
cruentate
Borrowed from Latin cruentātus, perfect passive participle of cruentō (“to make bloody”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from cruentus (“bloody”), from cruor.
significavit
Borrowed from Latin significāvit (“he has signified”), from significāre (“to signify”).
laborate
Borrowed from Latin labōrātus, perfect passive participle of labōrō (“to labor, toil”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
praemunire
Borrowed from Latin praemūnīre, shortened form of praemunire facias (“that you cause to be forewarned”) from the opening words of the writ: praemūnīre (“to fortify (defend in advance)”) (an error for praemonēre (“to forewarn”)) + faciās (“you make”).
redbush
Calque of Afrikaans rooibos, red + bush.
castigant
Ultimately from Latin castīgāns, present active participle of castīgō (“to castigate”). By surface analysis, castigate + -ant.
terebrant
The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin terebrantem, the accusative masculine or feminine singular of terebrāns, the present active participle of terebrō (“to bore through, perforate, pierce”), from terebra (“instrument for boring, borer, gimlet”) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs). Terebra is derived from ter(ō) (“to rub; to wear away”) (from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn”)) + -bra (suffix denoting an instrument, forming nouns).
The noun is either derived from the adjective, or is a back-formation from Terebrantia (“suborder of thrips”).
sewellel
From a misunderstanding by Lewis and Clark of Chinook sewellel, shewellel, which actually denotes a robe made from pelt of this rodent rather than the rodent itself.
assiduate
From Latin assiduātus, past participle of assiduō (“to apply constantly”).
devirginate
First attested in 1583; borrowed from Latin dēvirginātus, perfect passive participle of dēvirginō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
First attested in c. 1470, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English devirginat(e), borrowed from Latin dēvirginātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.
yote
From Middle English yoten, yeten (“to pour”), from Old English ġēotan (“to pour”), from Proto-West Germanic *geutan, from Proto-Germanic *geutaną (“to pour”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian joote (“to pour”), West Frisian jitte (“to pour”), Dutch gieten (“to pour”), German gießen (“to pour”), Danish gyde (“to pour”). Related to gush, geyser.
flagrate
First attested in 1756; borrowed from Latin flagrātus, perfect passive participle of flagrō (“to burn”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
wintertide
From Middle English wintertid, wyntertyde, from Old English winter + tid (“time”). By surface analysis, winter + -tide. Cognate to Dutch wintertijd (“winter time”).
apologem
Blend of apology + gem, calque from Japanese 詫(わ)び石(いし) (wa bi ishi).
Banu
* As an Islamic surname (Indian subcontinent), from Urdu بانو (bāno), from Persian بانو (“lady”).
* Borrowed from Bengali বানু (banu), a surname predominantly found in Bangladesh and West Bengal, probably related to the above.
* Borrowed from Romanian Banu, from the medieval title ban; see Ban.
calceate
From Latin calceātus, participle of calceāre (“to shoe, to provide with shoes”), from calceus (“calceus, shoe”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix), from calx (“heel”) + -eus (“-y”, adjective-forming suffix). Equivalent to Latin calceus + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).