MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
deferential
From deference (or its Latin type *dēferentia) + -al; compare essence, essential; prudence, prudential, etc. Coined by Scottish novelist, poet and playwright Walter Scott.
From French déférentiel, from déférent + -iel.
despondency
From Latin dēspondentia, from dēspondēns + -ia. Equivalent to despondent + -ency.
diffidence
From Latin diffīdentiam (“distrust”), from diffīdere (“to mistrust”), from dis- and fīdere (“to trust”). Attested since ∼1400. The original sense was antonymous with confidence, and the modern sense of ‘distrusting oneself’ dates from the 1650s.
disparity
From Middle French disparité, from Latin disparitātem, accusative of disparitās, from dispār + -tās, from dis- + pār. By surface analysis, dis- + parity.
impostor
Borrowed from Middle French imposteur, respelled in the Latin manner; ultimately from Latin impositor, agent form of Latin imponere (“to impose”).
rumble
From Middle English rumblen, romblen, rummelyn, frequentative form of romen (“to roar”), equivalent to rome + -le. Cognate with Dutch rommelen (“to rumble”), Low German rummeln (“to rumble”), German rumpeln (“to be noisy”), Danish rumle (“to rumble”), all of imitative origin.
Compare typologically Russian громи́ть (gromítʹ), погро́м (pogróm), разгро́м (razgróm) (akin to гром (grom), греме́ть (gremétʹ), громыха́ть (gromyxátʹ)). Also compare гро́хнуть (gróxnutʹ) (akin to гро́хот (gróxot)).
pathologic
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πάσχω (páskhō)der.
Ancient Greek πᾰ́θος (pắthos)
Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-
Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Proto-Hellenic *-íā
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek παθολογίᾱ (pathologíā)
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Ancient Greek -κός (-kós)
Ancient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós)
Ancient Greek πᾰθολογῐκός (păthologĭkós)der.
English pathologic
From Ancient Greek παθολογικός (pathologikós), corresponding to pathology + -ic.
recurrence
From recurrent + -ence, cognate with Latin recurrentia, from recurrēns (“returning back, recurring”), form of recurrō (“to return, to recur”) (English recur).
thew
From Middle English theu, thew (“way of behaving towards others, bearing, manners; habit, practice; good manners, courtesy; characteristic act; characteristic, trait; custom, tradition; established rule, ordinance; injunction; moral character; (in the plural) set of moral principles, morals; moral quality, virtue or vice; might, power, strength”) [and other forms] (often in the plural form theus, thewes), from Old English þēaw (“general practice of a community, custom, usage; mode of conduct, behaviour, manner; (in the plural) customs, virtue”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *þauw, from Proto-Germanic *þawwaz (“custom; habit”); further etymology uncertain, tentatively identified by the Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen (Etymological Dictionary of Old High German) as a reflex of an s-less variant of Proto-Indo-European *(s)tāu-, *(s)te- (“to stand; to place”), from *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”).
Cognates
* Old Frisian thāw
* Old High German dau, thau (“coercion; discipline; tuition”)
* Old Saxon thau (“custom, usage; habit”)
From Middle English theuen, thewe (“to instruct in morals or values; to teach, train”) [and other forms], from theu, thew (noun) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming the infinitives of verbs).
From Middle English thew (“thrall, slave”).
thewless
From Middle English thewless, theweles, from Old English þēawlēas, equivalent to thew (“strength; virtue; vigour”) + -less. Cognate with Scots thowless.
thewed
From Middle English thewed (“well raised, well mannered, virtuous; habituated, trained”), from Old English ġeþēawod, past participle of Old English þēawian, ġeþēawian (“to make mannered, form the habits or character of a person, educate”), equivalent to thew + -ed.
maar
Borrowed from German Maar; English usage from 1825, from Vulgar Latin *mara (“standing water”), from Latin mare (“sea”). Doublet of mare (“a large, dark plain; a lake on Titan”) and mere (“a body of standing water”).
gett
From Scots gaet.
From Hebrew גֵּט (gēṭ).
Minorca
From Late Latin Minorca, Minorica, from Latin Balearis Minor. Compare Majorca.
somnambulant
From Latin somnus (“sleep”) + ambulō (“to walk”) + -ant.
kawazugake
Borrowed from Japanese 河津掛け, literally hooking backward counter throw.
kekaeshi
Borrowed from Japanese 蹴返し, literally "minor inner foot sweep".
ketaguri
Borrowed from Japanese 蹴手繰り, literally pulling inside ankle sweep.
kimetaoshi
Borrowed from Japanese 極め倒し, literally "arm barring force down".
kirikaeshi
Borrowed from Japanese 切り返し, literally "twisting backward knee trip".
isinglass
Apparently from obsolete Dutch huisenblas, from German Hausenblase, from Hausen (“sturgeon of the Huso genus”) + Blase (“bladder”), with alteration after glass.
offender
From Middle English offendour, offender, offendir, equivalent to offend + -er.
mousse
From French mousse (“foam, froth”), from Old French mosse (“moss”), from Frankish or Old Dutch *mosa (“moss”), from Proto-Germanic *musą (“moss, bog, marsh”). More at moss.
Igor
Transliterated from Russian И́горь (Ígorʹ), a Varangian name derived from Old Norse Yngvarr, Ingvarr, from Yngvi (name of a god) + herr (“army”). Doublet of Ivor, Ihar, and Ihor.
finely
From Middle English finely, fynely, fynly, fineliche, finliche, fynliche, equivalent to fine + -ly.
deferent
From Middle English defferent, from Middle French deferent (modern French déférent) or its etymon Latin dēferēns, dēferentis.
vade mecum
From the Latin vāde (“come”) mēcum (“with me”).
cavernous
Late Middle English cavernous, cavernose, borrowing from Old French caverneux or Latin cavernōsus (“full of hollows or cavities”), from caverna (“a hollow, cavity, cave”) + -ōsus (“-ous, -ose”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to cavern + -ous.
cavern
From Middle English caverne, borrowing from Old French caverne, from Latin caverna (“hollow, cavity, cave”), from cavus (“hollow, excavated, concave”).
entangle
From Middle English entanglen (“to involve [someone] in difficulty”, “to embarrass”). Equivalent to en- + tangle.
footer
From Middle English footer, equivalent to foot + -er.
18th century. From fouter, foutre (“valueless thing”), possibly from French foutre (“to lecher”), from Latin futuere (“to fuck”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to hit”).
indignity
Borrowed from Latin indignitās, indignitātem. Equivalent to indign + -ity.
murrain
The noun is derived from Late Middle English morein, morine, moreyn (“(widespread) death; widespread sickness, plague; fatal disease; carnage; carrion”), from Anglo-Norman morine, mourine, moreyn (“death; widespread sickness, plague; carrion; cattle disease”), Middle French morine, and Old French morine, mourine, murine (“widespread sickness, plague; animal which has died from a disease”), from Late Latin morina (“plague”), probably from Latin morior (“to die; to decay, wither”).
The adjective and adverb are derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Italian morìa (“plague”)
* Latin morticīnus (“that has died naturally, dead; (relational) carrion”) (Medieval Latin morticinium)
* Occitan moria (“death; plague”)
* Old French morie (“death”) mourie (“flesh of animals that have died of disease”) (Middle French murie)
* Portuguese morrinha (“cattle plague”)
* Spanish morriña (“cattle plague”)
repulse
Borrowed from Latin repulsus, from repellere (“to drive back”), from re- (“back”) + pellere (“to drive”).
For spelling, as in pulse, the -e (on -lse) is so the end is pronounced /ls/, rather than /lz/ as in pulls, and does not change the vowel (‘u’). Compare else, false, convulse.
twinkling
From Middle English twynkelynge, equivalent to twinkle + -ing.
From Middle English twynkelyng, twynkelynge, equivalent to twinkle + -ing.
varlet
From Middle English varlet, varlette, from Old French varlet, variant of vadlet, vallet, vaslet. Doublet of valet.
trull
From Middle English trul (“travel about”), from Old French troller, treiller (“to hunt”). Doublet of troll.
From French tous les trois (“all three”).
bascule
From French bascule, from earlier French bacule, from Old French bacul, from Old French battre + cul, from Latin battuō (“beat”) + cul (“bottom”).
fluctuate
First attested in the 1630'; borrowed from Latin flūctuātus, perfect passive participle of flūctuō (“(of the sea) to surge, swell; (of man) to waver, fluctuate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
aecium
From New Latin aecium, from Ancient Greek αἰκίᾱ (aikíā, “injury, insult”). However Merriam-Webster relates that aecium is a back-formation from aecidium and is not related to the Greek αἰκίᾱ (aikíā). The word aecium was "introduced as a substitute for aecidium by the Purdue University plant pathologist J. C. Arthur (1850–1942) in an effort to reform terminology for rust fungi; see Terminology of the Spore-Structures in the Uredinales, Botanical Gazette, vol. 39 (Mar., 1905), pp. 219-22."
zachun
From a dialectal variant of Arabic زَقُّوم (zaqqūm).
esurient
Borrowed from Latin ēsurient, ēsurientem, from ēsuriēns (“hungering”), present participle of ēsuriō (“to be hungry, to hunger for something”), a desiderative verb from edō (“to eat”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”)) + -turiō (suffix indicating a desire for an action).
wheat bread
From Middle English whete bred, equivalent to wheat + bread. Compare German Weizenbrot, Danish hvedebrød, Swedish vetebröd, Icelandic hveitibrauð.
cyclopaedia
From Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”) + παιδεία (paideía, “child-rearing, education”). See cycle, and compare encyclopedia.
Kosovo
Shortened form of Serbo-Croatian Косово поље (“blackbirds’ field”), from косово (kosovo), possessive form of кос (kos, “blackbird”), and поље (polje, “field”).
basidium
A Latinized form of Ancient Greek βάσις (básis, “base”) + -idium.
insoluble
From Middle English insolible, from Middle French insoluble, from Latin insolūbilis, from in- + solūbilis. Piecewise doublet of insolvable and unsolvable. By surface analysis, in- + soluble.
steatopygous
From steatopyga, steatopygia + -ous. Steatopyga is borrowed from New Latin steatopyga, from Ancient Greek στέᾱτος (stéātos) (genitive singular of στέαρ (stéar, “hard fat, suet, tallow”)) + πῡγή (pūgḗ, “buttocks, rump”).
komatasukui
Borrowed from Japanese 小股掬い, meaning "over thigh scooping body drop".
kotehineri
Borrowed from Japanese 小手捻り, literally armlocking twist down.
timocracy
1580s, from Middle French tymocracie, from Medieval Latin (13th century) timocratia, from Ancient Greek τῑμοκρατίᾱ (tīmokratíā), from τῑμή (tīmḗ, “valuation; honor”) + -κρατίᾱ (-kratíā, “a rule, reign”), from κρατέω (kratéō, “to rule”) (see -cracy).
newer
From Middle English newer, newere, from Old English nīwra, from Proto-Germanic *niwizô (“newer”), comparative of Proto-Germanic *niwjaz (“new”), equivalent to new + -er. Cognate with West Frisian nijere (“newer”), Dutch nieuwere (“newer”), German neuer (“newer”), Danish nyere (“newer”), Swedish nyare (“newer”), Icelandic nýrri (“newer”).
newest
From Middle English newest, from Old English nīwost, from Proto-Germanic *niwistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *néwisth₂os, superlative of *néwos/*néwyos (whence new). Cognate with Scots newest, Dutch nieuwst, German neueste, neuste, Icelandic nýjastur, Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (niujists), Ashkun nustári (“before”), Kamkata-viri nüštë́ř (“before”), Waigali nüst (“before”), Vedic Sanskrit नविष्ठ (náviṣṭha).
aak
Borrowed from Korean 아악(雅樂) (aak). Doublet of gagaku and yayue.
aken
From Old English ācennan or gecennan, equivalent to a- + cennan (“to give birth to”).
eelbuck
From eel + buck (“trap”), from Middle English bouk (“fishtrap”), from Old English būc (“belly, container”).
Judaic
Borrowed from Middle French judaique (modern French judaïque) and its etymon Latin iūdaicus, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαϊκός (Ioudaïkós), ultimately from Hebrew יְהוּדָה (y'hudá, “Judah”). By surface analysis, Juda + -ic.
pittance
From Middle English pitaunce, from Old French pitance, pitence, from Medieval Latin *pietāntia, from Latin pietās (“piety”).
culet
From Middle French culet, diminutive of cul (“bottom”), from Latin culus (“arse”).
depressive
From French dépressif or Medieval Latin depressivus. By surface analysis, depress + -ive.
instigator
From Latin īnstīgātor (“stimulator”), from īnstīgāre (present infinitive of īnstīgō (“to incite, set on, stimulate, rouse or urge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp, to stab; to puncture; to goad”)) + -or (from -ō (suffix forming masculine agent nouns), from Proto-Indo-European *-h₃onh₂- (suffix forming nouns denoting authority or burden)); cognate with French instigateur. By surface analysis, instigate + -or.
Holton
The first element has a wide variety of possible origins, among which Old English hōh (“promontory, hill-spur”), healh (“corner, nook”), holh (“hollow, depression”) or holt (“small wood”). The second element is tūn (“enclosure; settlement”).
mabolo
Borrowed from Philippine Spanish mabolo, from Tagalog mabulo.
macarize
Borrowed from Ancient Greek μακαρίζω (makarízō).
logistics
From French logistique, coined or popularized 1830 by Antoine-Henri Jomini from logis (“lodging place”), in phrases maréchal des logis (“marshall of lodging”) (see maréchal des logis), major-général des logis (“major-general of lodging”). Possibly influenced by existing mathematical term logistique, of Ancient Greek origin; see logistic.
machicolation
From Late Latin machicol(amentum) (“machicolation”) + -ation (suffix indicating an action or process). Machicolamentum may be derived from Old French macher (“to chew; to crush”) (modern French mâcher) + col (“neck”) + Latin -mentum (suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of something). The English word is cognate with Middle English machecolled (“having machicolations”), machecolling (“act of constructing machicolation; the openings making up the machicolation”), Middle French machecoleis (modern French mâchicoulis (“machicolation”)), Latin machecollum (“machicolation”), Occitan machacol.
woodchuck
Borrowed from Cree ocêk, otchek (“fisher”), Ojibwe ojiig (“fisher, marten”), or a similar term in a related Algonquian language, subsequently reapplied to the groundhog.
An earlier form of this word, woodshock, still sometimes designates the marten. Also a doublet of wejack.
obit
From Anglo-Norman obit, Middle French obit, and their source, Latin obitus (“going down; death”), from obīre (“to go down, to die”).
overstep
From Middle English *oversteppen, from Old English ofersteppan, from Proto-Germanic *uberstapjaną (“to step over; overstep”), equivalent to over- + step. Cognate with Dutch overstappen, German Low German överstappen, German überstapfen, überstepfen.
gremlin
Uncertain; the following etymologies have been suggested:
* A variant of goblin.
* From Irish gruaimín (“gloomy little person”); or from Dutch gremmelen (“to soil, stain; to spoil”), or griemelen, grimmelen (“(obsolete) to abound, teem; to swarm”); but Oxford English Dictionary says there is little evidence for such derivations.
The word was popularized, especially in the United States, by the children’s novel The Gremlins (1943) by British author Roald Dahl (1916–1990), in which gremlins sabotage Royal Air Force aircraft in revenge for the destruction of their forest home to make way for an aircraft factory; the creatures later join forces with the British to fight the Nazis.
Kos
From Ancient Greek Κῶς (Kôs) and modern Greek Κως (Kos).
nimbus
Learned borrowing from Latin nimbus (“dark cloud”). Doublet of nimb.
Sense 2 (“grey rain cloud”) was coined by the British chemist and amateur meteorologist Luke Howard (1772–1864): see the 1803 quotation.
holoprosencephaly
From Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”) + πρόσω (prósō, “forwards, onwards”) (referring to the prosencephalon (“forebrain”)) + ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos, “brain”) + English -y (suffix denoting a condition), i.e. “condition of a whole (inappropriately divided) forebrain”. By surface analysis, holo- + pros- + encephal- + -y.
replicate
From Latin replicātus, past participle of replicāre (“to fold or bend back; reply”), from re (“back”) + plicāre (“to fold”); see ply. Doublet of reply and replica.
valency
From Late Latin valentia and Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”) + English -y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state). Valentia is derived from valēns (“healthy, strong, vigorous”) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns); while valēns is the present active participle of valeō (“to be healthy, sound, or well; to be strong; to have influence or power, etc.”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”).
Sense 1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and sense 3 (“number of arguments a verb can have”) are possibly from valence + -y.
Tyr
From Old Norse Týr, from Proto-Germanic *Tīwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“god”). Doublet of Tiw.
Tiu
Learned borrowing from Old English Tīw, from Proto-West Germanic *Tīw, from Proto-Germanic *Tīwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god”). Doublet of Tuesday and Tyr.
Lydia
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λυδία (Ludía, “the region of Lydia”), from λυδία (ludía, “beautiful one, noble one”), a feminine form of Λυδός (Ludós) (Lydus, from λυδός (ludós) (lydus)). The region of Lydia is said to be named for a king Λυδός (Ludós) (Lydus, from λυδός (ludós) (lydus)); the given name Lydia originally indicated ancestry or residence in the region of Lydia.
kubihineri
Borrowed from Japanese 首捻り, literally head twisting throw.
makiotoshi
Borrowed from Japanese 巻き落とし, meaning "twist down".
mitokorozeme
From Japanese 三所攻め (mi-tokoro-zeme, literally “attacking three places”).
roadway
From Middle English *rodeway, *radewey (attested in radewey-stile (literally “roadway-stile”)), equivalent to road + way; road had the early sense of "riding" when the compound was formed, thus originally "a way for riding on".
moderately
From Middle English moderately, moderatelye, moderatliche, moderatly, modiratli; equivalent to moderate + -ly.
allowable
From Middle English allowable, alowable, a borrowing from Old French alouable (Modern French allouable), from allouer, equivalent to allow + -able.
macilent
From Latin macilentus (“lean, thin, meagre”), from Latin maciēs (“leanness; poverty”), from Latin macer (“meager; poor”), from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós. Cognate with English emaciate and meagre.
macropod
From macro- + -pod, after Latin Macropodidae. Compare micropod.
propagation
From Middle French propagation, from Old French propagacion, from Latin propagatio. Morphologically propagate + -ion.
fricassee
From French fricassée (noun), from fricassée, past participle of fricasser (verb).
maculate
First attested during the last quarter of the 15th century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English maculaten (“to spoil, polute”), borrowed from Latin maculātus, perfect passive participle of maculō (“to spot”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
macule
From Middle English macule, from Middle French macule and its etymon Classical Latin macula. Doublet of macchia, macula and, with a suffix, maquis.
maculose
From Classical Latin maculōsus. By surface analysis, macul(a) + -ose.
colander
From Middle English colyndore, coloundour, colonur, variants of Middle English culdor, culdore, culatre, ultimately from Latin cōlātōrium, from Latin cōlum. Cognates include Italian colino and Spanish colador.
madefy
From Middle French madéfier, borrowed from Latin madefaciō.
madid
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d-der.
Proto-Italic *madēō
Latin madeō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin madidusbor.
English madid
Borrowed from Latin madidus.
madly
From Middle English madly, madli, medliche, equivalent to mad + -ly.
madrepore
From French madrépore, from Italian madrepora (from madre (“mother”)), from Latin mater + poro (“pore”), from Latin porus.
preparatory
From Middle English preparatori, from Late Latin praeparatorius. By surface analysis, prepare + -atory.
aestivation
Borrowed from Latin aestīvātiō, from Latin aestīvō, aestīvāre (“to spend or pass the summer in a place”), from aestīvus (“of or pertaining to summer”), from aestās (“summer”) + -īvus.
cleek
From Scots cleek.
* As a German surname, spelling variant of Glück.
* As an English surname, spelling variant of Clerke, Clerk, and from Old English cleaca (“stepping stone”), from Proto-Celtic *klukā (“stone”).
monochrome
From Ancient Greek μονόχρωμος (monókhrōmos), from μόνος (mónos, “one”) + χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”); mono- + -chrome.
marasmus
Borrowed from Late Latin marasmus, from Ancient Greek μᾰρᾰσμός (mărăsmós, “withering”, noun).
litigious
From Middle English litigious, from Latin lītigiōsus. Compare Middle French litigieux.
magbote
Learned borrowing from Old English mǣġbōt (“compensation paid to the kinsman of a murdered man”), from mǣġ (“kinsman”) + bōt (“remedy; remediation”). Compare manbote.
magdaleon
According to Webster from Ancient Greek μαγδαλιά (magdaliá, “inside of a loaf of bread (on which the Greeks wiped their hands at dinner)”), from μάσσω (mássō, “wipe; kneed”).
magistery
PIE word
 *méǵh₂s
From Middle English magisteri, magistery (“academic degree of Master”), from Latin magisterium (“office of a chief, director, president, or superintendent; teaching office or authority of the Roman Catholic Church; authoritative statement”) (compare Late Latin magisterium (“philosopher’s stone”)), from magister (“master (title for a person in authority or one having a licence from a university to teach liberal arts and philosophy); teacher”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”) + *-teros (contrastive or oppositional suffix forming adjectives)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns, sometimes denoting groups and offices). By surface analysis, magister + -y. Doublet of magisterium. Cognate with French magistère, Old French magisteire.
magnality
From Latin magnāle (“mighty work or deed”) (from magnus (“big, large; great; important”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *m̥ǵh₂nós, from *méǵh₂s (“big, great”)) + -ity.
magnanimity
From Middle French magnanimité, from Old French [Term?], from Latin magnanimitās.
force majeure
PIE word
 *méǵh₂s
Borrowed from French force majeure (“an exceptionally strong or superior force; (law) an unavoidable circumstance that prevents someone from fulfilling a legal obligation”), from force (“a force”) (ultimately from Latin fortis (“powerful, strong”)) + majeure (the feminine singular of majeur (“of great importance, major”), ultimately from Latin maior (“greater; large”),).
casuist
From French casuiste, from Spanish casuista, from Latin casus (“case”).
supersession
Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin supersessiō, supersessiōnem, from supersedeō (“supersede”).
nostomania
From Ancient Greek νόστος (nóstos, “a return home”) + -mania.
magnific
From Middle French magnifique, and its source, Latin magnificus. Doublet of magnifico.
magnificate
Borrowed from Latin magnificātus, perfect passive participle of magnificō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
jasmine
Etymology tree
Middle Persian yʾsmn'
Classical Persian یَاسَمِین (yāsamīn)bor.
Arabic يَاسَمِين (yāsamīn)bor.
French jasminbor.
English jasmine
Borrowed from French jasmin, from Arabic يَاسَمِين (yāsamīn).
From French jasmin, from Arabic يَاسَمِين (yāsamīn), from Classical Persian یاسمین (yāsamīn), from earlier یاسمن (yāsaman), from Middle Persian yʾsmn' (yāsaman).
sycophancy
From Latin sȳcophantia, from Ancient Greek σῡκοφᾰντῐ́ᾱ (sūkophăntĭ́ā), equivalent to sycophant + -cy.
resting-place
From Middle English restyng place, restingplace, rystynge-place, restynge place, equivalent to resting + place.
refreshment
Recorded since 1665; either directly or via Middle English refreschement, from Old French refrescher (12th century; modern French rafraîchir), itself from re- (“again”) + fresche (“fresh”) (modern French frais; from a Germanic source, cognate with Old High German frisc, modern German frisch, Dutch fris, etc.)