MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
sluice
From Middle English sluse, alteration of scluse, from Anglo-Norman escluse (“sluice, floodgate”), from Late Latin exclusa (“extrusion, gate”), from Latin exclūsus, form of exclūdō (“to shut out, to exclude”) (English exclude). Cognate to Dutch sluis.
Molossia
From Ancient Greek Μολοσσῐ́ᾱ (Molossĭ́ā). The micronation was named by its founder, Kevin Baugh, who provided the following explanation:
I liked the name “Molossia”, having seen it on the Internet referring to the ancient Molossian hounds. Adopting it I later discovered there was an Ancient Greek city-state named Molossia (demonstrating the importance of googling first). After some angry Greek journalists objected to the use of the name, I distanced our Molossia from the ancient Molossia. Now the meaning of the name officially is a corruption of the Hawaiian word Maluhia, which means serenity or peaceful.
Alexandros
Transliteration of Greek Αλέξανδρος (Aléxandros), a male given name used in (modern) Greece. Cognate with English Alexander.
wimple
From Middle English wympel, wimpel, from Old English wimpel (“veil, an article of women's dress; a covering for the neck, a cloak, a hood”), from Proto-Germanic *wimpilaz (“wimple, scarf, veil”). Cognate with Scots wympill (“wimple”), Dutch wimpel (“streamer, pennant”), German Wimpel (“pennant”), Swedish vimpel (“pennant, banner”), Icelandic vimpill (“hood, cowl”).
From Middle English wimplen (“to cover, conceal; to fold, drape”).
Shiva
Borrowed from Sanskrit शिव (śivá, “the auspicious one”).
Tausug
Borrowed from Tausug Tausūg, from tau + sūg, literally "people of the current".
sockeye
Borrowed from Halkomelem sθəqəy̓, probably meaning red fish.
wa
From Thai วา (waa).
From Japanese 和 (wa).
From Burmese ဝ (wa.).
From Japanese 倭.
stinking
From Middle English stynkynge, stinkinge, stinkinde, stinkende, stynkande, stynkand, from Old English stincende, from Proto-Germanic *stinkwandz (“stinking”), present participle of Proto-Germanic *stinkwaną (“to stink”), equivalent to stink + -ing. Cognate with Dutch stinkend (“stinking, stinky”), German stinkend (“stinking, stinky”), Danish stinkende (“stinking, stinky”), Norwegian stinkende (“stinking, stinky”).
From Middle English stinkinge, stynkynge, equivalent to stink + -ing.
unwitty
From Middle English unwitti (“foolish”), from Old English unwittiġ (“unconscious, ignorant, stupid”), equivalent to un- + witty. Cognate with German unwitzig (“unwitty”), Icelandic úvitugr (“ignorant”).
digger
From Middle English dyggar, equivalent to dig + -er.
In the sense of "Australian soldier", attributed to the considerable time that soldiers spent digging trenches during World War I.
heartache
From Middle English heorteece, heorte-ece, from Old English heorteċe, equivalent to heart + ache. Blends both literal and figurative aspects, as emotional distress sometimes includes a physical element of chest discomfort. Compare heartbreak § Etymology, where the literal aspect is lesser, though it still can be said to have a physiological basis.
titular
Etymology tree
Etruscanbor.?
Latin titulus
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālis
Latin -āris
Latin titulārisder.
Middle French titulairebor.
English titular
Borrowed from Middle French titulaire, from Latin titulāris, from titulus (“title”).
North Aegean
Calque of Greek Βόρειο Αιγαίο (Vóreio Aigaío).
dower
From Middle English dower, dowere, from Old French doeire, from Medieval Latin dōtārium, from Latin dōs. Doublet of dowry.
From Middle English dower, equivalent to dough + -er
indisposition
From Middle English indisposicioun, from Middle French indisposicion.
importunity
From Middle English importunyte, importunytee, inportunyte, ymportunite, from Middle French importunité and its etymon Latin importūnitās (“incivility”). By surface analysis, importune + -ity.
dubb
From Arabic دُبّ (dubb, “bear”). The Anglicization appears only rarely or ad hoc. One Richard Pococke in 1738 reported that the dubber was seen only rarely in Egypt.
Theresa
First used in Spain, supposedly derived from Latin Thēra, from Ancient Greek Θήρᾱ (Thḗrā), name of a city in Santorini, Greece.
mirabile dictu
Borrowed from Latin mīrābile dictū (literally “able to astonish by the saying [of it]”).
emblement
1485, from Old French emblayement, emblaiment (“harvest, crop”), from emblaer, emblaier, emblader (French emblaver, “to sow with grain”), from Medieval Latin imblādāre (“to sow with grain”), from im- + blādum (French blé, “grain”), from Frankish *blād (“produce”), from Proto-Germanic *blēdaz, *blēdō (“flower, leaf”), from Proto-Indo-European *bhlēdh-, *bhlō(w)-, *bhol- (“to flower; leaf”). Cognate with Old High German blāt (“flower, blossom, prosperity”), Middle Dutch blaad (“leaf”), Old English blǣd (“shoot, flower, fruit, harvest, wealth”). More at bloom.
titulus
From Latin titulus. Doublet of tilde, titer/titre, title, titlo, and tittle.
sotokomata
Borrowed from Japanese 外小股, literally "over thigh scooping body drop".
sotomuso
Borrowed from Japanese 外無双, literally “outside nothing pair”, but meaning "outer thigh propping twist down".
sototasukizori
Borrowed from Japanese 外たすき反り, literally outer reverse backwards body drop.
sukuinage
Borrowed from Japanese 掬い投げ, literally "scooping throw" but conventionally translated as "beltless arm throw".
bedside
From Middle English bedsyde, bedde syde (also as beddes side, beddes syde), equivalent to bed + -side. Compare German Bettseite (“bedside”).
elope
From Anglo-Norman aloper (“to abduct, run away”), itself borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *andihlaupan (“to run away”). Equivalent to and- + lope as well as and- + leap (these being doublets). More at lope.
bulletin
Borrowed from French bulletin. By surface analysis, bull (“ball”) + -et (“diminutive”) + -in (“diminutive”).
consulate
From Middle English consulat, consulate, from Latin consulātus, from consul + -ātus. In some senses, via French consulat. By surface analysis, consul + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office).
curcumin
From translingual Curcuma, from Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum, “turmeric”) + -in.
gloat
From Middle English *gloten, glouten, from Old Norse glotta (“to grin, smile scornfully”) or Old English *glotian, both from Proto-Germanic *glutōną (“to stare”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shine”), related to dialectal Swedish glotta, glutta (“to peep”), Middle High German glutzen, glotzen (“to stare”), Modern German glotzen (“to gawk, goggle”).
coaster
From coast (“edge of the land where it meets an ocean, sea, gulf, bay, or large lake”) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns). Coast is derived from Middle English coste (“rib; side of the body, flank; side of a building; face of a solid figure; coast, shore; bay, gulf; sea; concavity, hollow; boundary, limit; land; country; district, province, region; locality, place; division of the heavens; compass direction; direction; location with reference to direction, side”) [and other forms], from Old French coste (“rib; side of an object; coast”) (modern French côte (“rib; coast; hill, slope”)), from Latin costa (“rib; side, wall”).
Etymology tree
Latin costa
Latin costicāreder.
Old French costoierbor.
Middle English costeien
English coast
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āsjos
Latin -āriusnom.
Latin -āriusbor.
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -ere
English -er
English coaster
From coast (“to glide along without adding energy; to make a minimal effort; to slide downhill (especially, to slide on a sled upon snow or ice)”) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns). Coast is derived from Middle English costeien (“to travel along a border or coast; to go alongside (something), skirt; to accompany, follow; to travel across, traverse; to be adjacent to, to border;”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman [Term?], Old French costoier (“to be at the side of”) [and other forms] (modern French côtoyer (“to pass alongside; (figuratively) to rub shoulders”)), from Latin costicāre, from costa (“rib; side, wall”); see further at etymology 1.
etymology 2 sense 2.1 (“small stand or tray”) is from the fact that the object and the decanter or wine bottle on it “coast” or travel around a tabletop from person to person.
etymology 2 sense 2.2.2 (“useless compact disc or DVD”) refers to the fact that the object is only useful as a drink coaster.
etymology 2 sense 2.5 (“minibus”) is a genericized trademark from Toyota Coaster. Compare Spanish coaster / cúster.
pageant
Late 14th c. as Middle English pagent, from Medieval Latin pagina (“play in a cycle of mystery plays”), perhaps from Latin pāgina (“page of a book”).
lotion
From Middle English locion, borrowed from Latin lōtiō, lōtiōnem (“a washing”), from lavō (“to wash”); see lave. Doublet of lavation.
dreidel
Borrowed from Yiddish דריידל (dreydl, “dreidel; spinning top”), probably a blend of דרייען (dreyen, “to spin; to turn; to twist”) + טרענדל (trendl, “(dated) dreidel; spinning top”). דרייען (dreyen) is derived from Middle High German dræn, from Old High German drāen (“to turn; to twist”), from Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną (“to turn; to twist”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to turn; to rub; to drill, pierce”); and טרענדל (trendl) is derived from Middle High German trendel (“spinning top”), from Proto-Germanic *trandijaną (“to revolve, spin”).
sponsor
Learned borrowing from Latin spōnsor (“a surety", in Late Latin "a sponsor in baptism”).
snoop
From Dutch snoepen (“to pry, eat in secret, sneak”). Related to Dutch and Low German snappen (“to bite, seize”), Dutch snavel (“beak, bill, pecker, neb”), German Schnabel (“beak, bill, mouth”). More at snap.
platoon
From obsolete French plauton, variant of peloton, from Middle French pelote + -on. Doublet of peloton. Compare pellet.
subsidy
From Middle English subsidy, subsidie, from Anglo-Norman subsidee, subsidie, from Old French subside, from Latin subsidium (support, assistance), from subsido from sub- (“below”) + sīdō (“sit”).
manicure
From French manucure, coming from Latin manus, hand, and cura, care.
hectic
From Middle English etik, ethik, from Old French etique, from Medieval Latin *hecticus, from Ancient Greek ἑκτικός (hektikós, “habitual, hectic, consumptive”), from ἕξις (héxis, “a state or habit of body or of mind, condition”), from ἔχειν (ékhein, “to have, hold, be in a certain state”).
vigilante
Borrowed from Spanish vigilante (“watchman, guard”), from Latin vigilans. Doublet of vigilant.
reclaim
From Middle English reclaymen, recleymen, reclamen, from Anglo-Norman reclamer (noun reclaim and Middle French reclamer (noun reclaim), from Latin reclāmō, reclāmāre. Equivalent to re- + claim.
insulin
From Latin īnsula (“island”) (named for the islets of Langerhans, where insulin is produced) + -in.
velum
Borrowed from Latin vēlum (“a cloth, covering, awning, curtain, veil”). Doublet of veil.
ombre
Borrowed from French hombre, from Spanish hombre, literally, a man, from Latin homō. Doublet of gome, hombre, homo, and omi. See human.
From French ombre (“Type of fish”).
From French ombré (“shaded”).
Stalin
Borrowed from Russian Ста́лин (Stálin), from сталь (stalʹ, “steel”) + -ин (-in, possessive suffix), from German Stahl (“steel”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *stahlą (“steel”).
McGovern
Anglicized form of Irish and Scottish Gaelic Mac Samhradháin (“son of Samhradhán”), diminutive of samhradh (“summer”).
Bolton
From Middle English Bodeltone (in the Domesday Book) etc., ultimately from Old English bolt, bold, botl, etc. (“home, hall, manor”) + -tun (“-ton: enclosure, town”).
Graeco-
From Latin Graecus, Graeco-; equivalent to Greek + -o-.
silvery
From Middle English silvery, sylvyry; equivalent to silver + -y.
nigiri
Borrowed from Japanese 握り (nigiri, “grasping, gripping”, short for 握り寿司 nigirizushi, literally “gripped sushi” from the way the sushi rice is molded in the hand).
nori
From Japanese 海苔(のり) (nori), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nǝri. The kanji literally mean "ocean moss", although this does not represent actual etymology as they are jukujikun (熟字訓).
damnable
From Middle English dampnable, from Old French dampnable, from Latin damnābilis. By surface analysis, damn + -able.
diorism
From Ancient Greek διορισμός (diorismós), from διορίζω (diorízō, “to delimit, distinguish”).
appose
Coined based on Latin appōnō, by analogy with compose, suppose etc.
subserve
Borrowed from Latin subservire; by surface analysis, sub- + serve.
briquet
In most senses, a variant spelling of briquette. As a lighter, a borrowing of French briquet, from Middle French briquet (“piece, morsel”), from brique (“brick, block”) + -et (suffix forming masculine diminutives). The sword is so called due to its small size and perceived resemblance to a firelighter.
briquette
From French briquette, from brique (“brick”) + -ette (diminutive suffix).
clomp
Probably onomatopoeic or a variant of clump (“walk heavily and clumsily”), itself also onomatopoeic or perhaps from the notion of walking in clumps, from Dutch klomp (“clump, mass, wooden shoe”).
concentre
(late 16th century) From a Romance language, see French concentrer, Italian concentràre, Spanish concentrar; alternatively from Medieval Latin/New Latin concentrō. By surface analysis, con- + centre. Doublet of concentrate.
decrepitude
From Middle French décrépitude, from Old French, from Latin dēcrepitūdō (“decrepitude”).
derange
From French déranger, from Old French desrengier (“throw into disorder”), from des- + rengier (“to put into line”), from reng (“line, row”), from a Germanic source. See rank (noun).
desuetude
From Late Middle English desuetude, dissuetude (“discontinuance of a practice, disuse”), from Middle French désuétude (“obsolescence”) (modern French désuétude), from Latin dēsuētūdo (“discontinuance of a practice or a habit, disuse”), from dēsuētus + -tūdō (“suffix forming abstract nouns indicating conditions or states”). Dēsuētus is the perfect passive participle of dēsuēscō (“to make unaccustomed”), from de- (prefix having a reversing or undoing effect) + suēscō (“to become accustomed or used to; (Late Latin) to accustom, habituate, train”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”), in the sense “to set as one’s own”).
Nehemiah
From Hebrew נְחֶמְיָה (“consolation of Yahweh”).
Ecclesiastes
From Middle English Ecclesiastes, from Latin Ecclēsiastēs, from Ancient Greek Ἐκκλησιαστής (Ekklēsiastḗs) according to the Septuagint. The Greek word is a loan translation of Hebrew קֹהֶלֶת, from Hebrew קָהָל.
Song of Solomon
A calque of Latin Canticum Solomonis (“song of Solomon”), from its supposed authorship by the Israelite king Solomon.
Isaiah
From Ancient Greek Ἠσαΐας (Ēsaḯas) from Hebrew יְשַׁעְיָהוּ (yəšaʿyā́hū).
renate
From Latin renātus (“reborn”). Equivalent to Latin renāscor (“to reborn”, renā- in compounds) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
Sukkot
From Hebrew סוכות / סֻכּוֹת (sukót).
seston
From German Seston, by surface analysis, Ancient Greek σηστός (sēstós, “sifter”, verbal adjective of σήθω (sḗthō, “I strain, filter”)) + -on. Compare plankton.
vizier
From Ottoman Turkish وزیر (vezir) (Turkish vezir) (via French vizir), from Arabic وَزِير (wazīr, “helper, aide, minister”, literally “one who bears (the burden of office)”). Doublet of wazir.
debonair
Via Middle English debonaire from Old French de bon aire (“of good stock; noble”).
dirimens copulatio
From Latin dirimēns cōpulātiō (“separating connection”).
ringworm
From Middle English ringworm (“ringworm; intestinal worm”), from Old English rengwyrm (“maw-worm, intestinal worm”), equivalent to ring + worm.
doula
Borrowed from Greek δούλα (doúla, “servant-woman”), from Ancient Greek δούλη (doúlē, “female slave”). Popularized by the American anthropologist Dana Raphael in the book The Tender Gift: Breastfeeding (1973), where the word is credited to Eleni Rassias.
lusk
From Middle English *lusk, from Old Norse lǫskr (“weak, idle”), from Proto-Germanic *laskwaz (“sluggish, dull, lazy”), from Proto-Indo-European *lēyd- (“to let, subside”). Cognate with Middle Dutch lasch (“flabby, loose”), Middle Low German lasch, las (“tired, dull”). Doublet of lush.
effloresce
From Latin efflōrēscere, present active infinitive of efflōrēscō (“to bloom, blossom; to flourish”) + -ere (suffix forming infinitives). Efflōrēscō is derived from ef- (variant of ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’)) + flōrēscō (“to blossom, flower; to begin to flourish or prosper”) (from flōreō (“to bloom, blossom, flower; to flourish, prosper”) (from flōs (“blossom, flower”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“bloom, flower”)) + -scō (suffix forming verbs having the sense of beginning something)). By surface analysis, ef- + Latin flor- + -esce.
hooley
The etymology of sense 1 (“noisy celebration or party”) is unknown. Sense 2 (“strong wind”) is possibly from one of the following:
* Borrowed from Orkney Scots hool(an) (“strong wind”) + English -ie (diminutive suffix). Hoolan is derived from Norn (unattested), from Old Norse ýlun (“howling, wailing”), from ýla (“to howl”) (ultimately onomatopoeic) + -un (suffix forming nouns).
* From sense 1.
gon
From Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía, “angle”). More in Wikipedia at gradian § History and name.
goral
From an eastern Indian word for the Himalayan goral.
Likely an early borrowing from Nepali घोरल (ghoral, “Himalayan goral”) or a related language.
From Polish góral; ultimately from Proto-Slavic *goraľь (“mountain dweller”).
From Polish Goral and Góral, from góral; ultimately from Proto-Slavic *goraľь (“mountain dweller”).
xenodochium
From Latin, from Ancient Greek ξενοδοχεῖον (xenodokheîon, “place for strangers, inn”) from ξένος (xénos, “guest, stranger, foreigner”) + δέχομαι (dékhomai, “receive, accept”).
infidelity
From Middle English infidelite, from Middle French infidelité (modern French infidélité) and its etymon Latin īnfidēlitās. Equivalent to infidel + -ity.
Ceto
From Ancient Greek Κητώ (Kētṓ); see also κῆτος (kêtos, “sea monster”). Compare Cetus.
Mira
Named by the astronomer Johannes Hevelius in 1662, from Latin mīrus (“wonderful, surprising”).
* Borrowed from Hindi मीरा (mīrā), name of a 16th century Indian poetess, also affectionately called Mirabai.
* As occasionally borne by anglophones in the West, the name may also be borrowed from Slavic, or be a short form of Miranda.
Cassiopeia
From Latin Cassiopēia, from Ancient Greek Κασσιόπεια (Kassiópeia) or Κασσιόπη (Kassiópē).
frig
From Middle English friggen (“to quiver”), perhaps from Old English *frygian (“to rub, caress”), related to Old English frēogan, frīgan (“to love, release, embrace, caress”), frīge (pl., “love”). Compare also Faroese fríggj (“erotocism, sex, flirtation”), Old English ġefrīgian (“to embrace”). More at free.
Alternative etymology derives frig (Early Modern English frigge), from Middle English frikien (“to keep (the arms and hands) in constant motion”), from Old English frician (“to dance”).
Learned borrowing from Old English Frīġ.
camelopard
Learned borrowing from Latin camēlopardus, variant of camēlopardalis, from Ancient Greek καμηλοπάρδαλις (kamēlopárdalis, “giraffe”).
two-footed
From Middle English two-foted, equivalent to two + footed. Compare Old English twifēte (“two-footed”), Old Norse tvífættr (“two-footed”).
agonic
Borrowed from French agonique (“possessing or filled with agony; agonous”), from agonie (“the moment just before death”) + -ique (suffix forming adjectives from nouns) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kos (suffix forming adjectives denoting “the characteristic of, typical of, pertaining to”)). Agonie is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek ἀγωνίᾱ (agōníā, “agony, anguish”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”).
cardia
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”). Doublet of heart and possibly of core.
Pomerania
Borrowed from Latin Pomerania, from German Pommern, from Proto-Slavic *pomorьjane pl (“coast dwellers”), from Proto-Slavic *pomorьje (“seaboard”).
achalasia
From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + χάλασις (khálasis, “relaxation”), from χαλάω (khaláō, “I loosen”).
disenchantment
From dis- + enchantment. In the social sciences sense a calque of German Entzauberung, as used by sociologist Max Weber.
swath
From Middle English swath, swathe, from Old English swæþ, swaþu (“track; trace; footstep”), from Proto-Germanic *swaþō (“a wind-swept place; open field”), of unknown further origin. Has been derived from a Proto-Indo-European *swey- (“to bend, turn, swing”), and compared with Ancient Greek σιμός (simós, “snub-nosed”) and Welsh chwil (“reeling, staggering”), though this is uncertain, as well as the Greek comparandum being unlikely.
Cognate with Dutch zwade, zwad (“swath; windrow”), German Schwade (“swath; windrow”), Icelandic svæði (“area; zone; sector; region”).
other etymological information
Corresponds to Middle Low German and Middle Dutch swat, Middle High German and MNG swade, NDu swad(e), Old Frisian swethe (“border”).
Root meaning: trace of a cut.
Attested in English since 888 in its obsolete meaning of track or trace, since 1475 in its more modern usage.
Cognate with German Schwaden (“row of mown grass or grain”).
No definite cognates outside Germanic languages.
* See F. Kluge, Etymologisches Wörterbuch (De Gruyter), entry Schwaden, and OED.
pseud
Possible clipping of pseudointellectual. From Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false, lying”).
flagrant
From Middle French flagrant, from Latin flagrantem, present participle of flagrare (“blaze, burn”). More at black.
From Latin frāgrans, participle of frāgrō (“smell, reek”).
foreclose
Partially from Middle English foreclosen, forclosen, from Old French forclos, past participle of forclore (“to exclude”), from for- (“(prefix used to express error, exclusion, or inadequacy)”) + clore (“to shut”), and partially from Middle English forclusen (“to close up”), from Old English forclȳsan (“to close up”), equivalent to fore- + close.
froward
From Middle English froward, fraward, equivalent to fro + -ward. Compare Old English fromweard, framweard (“turned away, having the back turned”).
literati
From Latin līterātī, plural of līterātus (“lettered, literate”).
spotted dick
Spotted refers to the dried fruits (that resemble spots). Dick is a dialectal term for "pudding". It may be related to dough, duff (meaning "dough" or "pudding") and Old English dāg (“dough”). Alternatively, it may be a corruption/contraction of the last syllable of pudding, or from German dick (“thick, viscous”).
kere
Borrowed from Aramaic קְרֵי (qəre, “to be read”).
xanthism
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ξανθισμός (xanthismós), by surface analysis, xanth- + -ism.
xenoglossy
From xeno- + -glossia, borrowed from French xénoglossie.
Qashqai
From Persian قشقایی, from the name in Qashqai, قشقایی.
xystus
From Ancient Greek ξυστός (xustós, “smooth; scraped”), from ξύω (xúō, “scrape”), referring to its polished floor.
quasquicentennial
From quasqui- (“quarter”) + centennial, from Latin quadrāns (“quarter”) or Latin quārtus (“fourth”).
quadrat
Borrowed from Latin quadrātum. Doublet of quadrate and of etymology 2 below.
Attested since 1683. Possibly from French cadrat or Italian quadrato (“square”), from Latin quadrātum (“square”). Doublet of quadrate and of etymology 1 above. So called because the basic quadrat, the em quadrat, has a square face, having the same width as the height of a line of type.
quadratus
From Latin quadratus, perfect passive participle of quadro (“to make square”).
quadriporticus
From Latin quadriporticus, from Latin quattuor (“four”) + Latin porticus (“colonnade, portico”).
quadrireme
Borrowed from Latin quadrirēmis via Middle French quadrirème, equivalent to quadri- (“four”) + Latin remus (“oar”).
excelsior
From Latin excelsior, comparative of excelsus (“high”). The name of the stuffing material was originally a trademark. As an exclamation, originating in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem Excelsior (1841), based on the New York state motto. Popularized in the comic book fandom by Marvel Comics editor Stan Lee, who chose the term to sign off his columns as it was an obscure term and would confound competing publishers who imitated his style.
platypnea
From platy- + -pnea, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “flat”) and πνοή (pnoḗ, “breath, breathing”).