MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Aries
From Latin Aries, from aries (“ram”), calque of Ancient Greek Κριός (Kriós), calque of Akkadian 𒅈𒌺𒊑𒈨 (immeru, “sheep”).
Two main origins:
* Scottish habitational surname from either of two minor places in Kirkcudbrightshire.
* Borrowed from French Ariès, from the medieval personal name Yrieix.
Au
Borrowed from Cantonese 歐／欧 (ou1) or 區／区 (ou1) (Doublet of Ao), or from German Au.
Av
From Hebrew אָב (āv), from Akkadian 𒉈 (Abu).
From French auxiliaire voler.
Borrowed from Japanese AV (adaruto bideo), from English adult video.
Axel
From Danish Aksel, first used for the bishop and statesman Absalon Hvide (1128–1201), from biblical Absalom. Some sources suggest that the bishop was originally named Áskell, from Old Norse "god" + "cauldron, helmet", and Absalon was chosen as the nearest-sounding Christian equivalent, leading to the exchange of the middle consonants.
Aziz
From Arabic عَزِيز (ʕazīz, “dear”).
Aztec
Borrowed from Spanish azteca, from Classical Nahuatl aztēcah, plural of aztēcatl (“inhabitant of Aztlán”).
B
From the Old English letter B, from 7th century replacement by Latin B of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛒ (b, beorc).
Bach
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.
Proto-Germanic *bakiz
Proto-West Germanic *baki
Old High German bah
Middle High German bach
German Bachbor.
English Bach
From German Bach. The surname was brought to the Anglo-Saxon world by immigrants from other Germanic countries. Doublet of Beach.
Borrowed from Vietnamese Bạch. Doublet of Bai.
Borrowed from German BACH.
Backer
* As a German (Bäcker) and occasionally Danish surname, variant of Becker. Compare also Baecker.
* As a Dutch and occasionally Norwegian surname, variant of Bakker. Compare also DeBacker.
* As an English surname, variant of Baker.
Bantu
Borrowed from Proto-Bantu *bàntʊ̀ pl (“people”), as reconstructed by the 19th-century linguist Wilhelm Bleek.
Barak
From Hebrew בָּרָק (“lightning”).
From Arabic بَارَك (bārak, “he who is blessed”). Cognate with the biblical name Baruch of Hebrew origin. The usage of the root ب ر ك (b r k) as a male name meaning "blessing" occurs in the Ancient Semitic Sabean (barqac), in Palmyrene (baraq), and as a Divine name in Assyrian Ramman-Birqu and Gibil-Birqu
Barca
From Latin Barca, from Punic 𐤁𐤓𐤒 (Baraq), from Phoenician 𐤁𐤓𐤒 (baraq, “lightning”), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *baraḳ-.
From Latin Barca, from Ancient Greek Βάρκη (Bárkē), from the local tribe of the Barraci.
From Catalan Barça.
Bari
Borrowed from Italian Bari, ultimately from Latin Barium.
From Somali Bari and Arabic بَرِّيّ (barriyy).
Baz
Two main origins:
* Borrowed from Persian باز (bâz, “falcon”).
* Borrowed from Spanish Baz.
Bella
From Italian: a diminutive of Isabella and Arabella, by folk etymology interpreted as bella (“beautiful”).
Benedict
From Saint Benedict, founder of the Benedictine Order, from Late Latin benedictus (“blessed, well spoken of”), from Latin benedīcō (“to bless, to speak well of”). Doublet of Bennett, Benoit, and Benito.
Benjamin
From Late Latin Benjamin, from Ancient Greek Βενιαμίν (Beniamín), from Biblical Hebrew בִּנְיָמִין (binyamīn, literally “son of the right/south or son of days”). Authorities differ on the meaning of the original Hebrew. Philo of Alexandria, the Samaritan Pentateuch The Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs and Midrash Leḳaḥ-Ṭob understand יָמִין to mean "days" (a meaning attested in Daniel 12:13) understanding the name to mean "son of days (i.e. old age)" (compare to the direct translations into Arabic بِنْ يَومِين (bin yawmīn) "son of the days" and Arabic بِنْ يَمِين (bin yamīn) "son of the right hand"), a formula paraphrased in Genesis 40:22 where Benjamin is described as a child of Jacob's old age. Rashi in his commentary on Genesis also gives this as a possible meaning but favors an understanding of יָמִין to mean "right" in the sense of "the south", noting that Benjamin was the only son of Jacob born in the south. Jerome understood the name to mean "son of the right hand" and Gesenius speculated that this expression might have meant "son of good fortune".
Berk
* As a Dutch, Czech, and Polish surname, from a Germanic personal name stemming from Proto-Germanic *berô (“bear”). Also see Bernhard.
* As a Dutch and north German surname, from the word for birch tree, from Proto-West Germanic *berku.
* As a Jewish surname, spelling variant of Berg.
Besser
From the German surname, from Middle High German bezzerære, agent noun from Old High German bezzern (“to collect fines”).
Blackamoor
From Blakemor (first recorded use in 1210), from Old English blæc (“black”) + mór (“moor”).
Blues
In reference to the ancient Roman and medieval Byzantine racing faction, a calque of Latin venetī (“Sea-Blues”) or factio veneta (“the sea-blue faction”) and Byzantine Greek Βένετοι (Bénetoi, “Blues”).
Borg
* As a Danish and Norwegian surname, from various places derived from Old Norse borg (“stronghold”).
* As a north/Low German surname, this is the Low German form of the surname Burg.
* As a Jewish surname, from Yiddish בורג (burg, “credit”), from Middle High German borgen (“to lend, borrow”), from Old High German borgēn.
* As a Maltese surname, from the noun borġ (“tower, stronghold”), distantly related to the first two senses above.
Browning
From Old English Brūning, a patronymic for a person nicknamed Brūn (“brown”) (see Brown).
For the first half-century of their manufacturer, the majority of semi-automatic handguns in Europe were designed by John M. Browning.
Burgundy
From Late Latin Burgundia. Doublet of Bourgogne.
Burgundy (wine) is an abbreviation of the attributive use of the regional name, in Burgundy wine.
Camilla
From Latin Camilla, feminine form of old Roman family name Camillus, of obscure and probably non-Latin origin.
Cana
Borrowed through Latin from Ancient Greek Κανά (Kaná); possibly from Hebrew קָנֶה (qané, “reed”).
Cardigan
Anglicized from Welsh Ceredigion (“Ceredig's land”)
Cashmere
Borrowed from Hindustani कश्मीर / کشمیر (kaśmīr, “Kashmir”), from Sanskrit कश्मीर (kaśmīra).
Catholic
From Old French catholique, from Latin catholicus, from Ancient Greek καθολικός (katholikós, “universal”), from κατά (katá, “according to”) + ὅλος (hólos, “whole”).
Chan
From Cantonese 陳／陈 (can⁴).
From Hokkien 曾 (Chan).
From Mandarin 詹 (Zhān).
Borrowed from the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 禪 /禅 (Chán), a development and clipping of Middle Chinese 禪那 (MC dzyen na), a transcription of Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, literally “meditation”). Doublet of dhyana and Zen.
From Khmer ចន្ទ (can).
From Manipuri ꯆꯥꯟ (cān).
Charisma
From the common noun charisma, from Ancient Greek χάρισμα (khárisma).
Chinaman
From Chinese Pidgin English. Calque of Chinese 中國人 /中国人 (Zhōngguórén) ("China + -man"). Applied also to ships by analogy with East Indiaman.
Conor
From Irish Conchúr, from Old Irish Conchobar (“lover of hounds”).
Cree
From a phonetic rendering of Canadian French Cris, short for Christinaux, from either Algonquin Kirishtinó, or Cree Kenisteniwuik.
Creole
Etymology tree
Portuguese crioulobor.
Spanish criollo
French créolebor.
English Creole
Variously from French créole, from its source, Spanish criollo, and from its source, Portuguese crioulo, itself probably a diminutive of cria (“person raised in one’s house, servant”), from criar (“to rear, to bring up”), from Latin creō (“to create, make, produce”). Doublet of Criollo, Crioulo, and Krio.
Cruz
From Romance (Portuguese Cruz and Spanish Cruz).
Derived from Ibaloi kurus (“the hanging of horns of sacrificed animals”), wherein it took place in the area.
Cygnus
Borrowed from Latin cygnus (“swan”), from Ancient Greek κύκνος (kúknos, “swan”).
Daan
From the Mandarin 大安 (Dà'ān).
Dando
English habitational surname of Norman origin, from one of the two villages named Aunou, in France.
Dari
Borrowed from Classical Persian دری (darī), of disputed origin, probably from دربار (darbār, “royal court”). The term was adopted by the government of Afghanistan in 1964 as the official name of the varieties of Persian spoken in the country, which has become the most common usage of the term since.
Delft
Borrowed from Dutch Delft. Piecewise doublet of delved.
Delphinus
From Latin delphīnus, from Ancient Greek δελφίν (delphín), a later form of the previous δελφίς (delphís, “a dolphin”). Doublet of dolphin.
Deutsch
PIE word
 *tewtéh₂
Borrowed from German Deutsch (“German”). Doublet of Dutch and Doitsu.
Devi
Borrowed from Sanskrit देवी (devī́, “goddess, female deity”).
Diamant
Borrowed from German Diamant, a Jewish Ashkenazi ornamental surname.
Dier
* As an English surname, variant of Dyer.
* As a German surname, from Tier (“wild animal”).
Draco
Borrowed from Latin Dracō, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek Δρᾰ́κων (Drắkōn). Doublet of Dracon, dracone, dragon, and dragoon.
Drew
From Anglo-Norman Drew, Drieu, Drue, from Old French Drogon, Dreus, Drues (made popular by Charlemagne's son Drogo) from Old Dutch Drogo, of uncertain ultimate origin. Possibly from Proto-West Germanic *dragan (“to carry, pull”), or from Proto-Germanic *draugaz (“phantom, apparition”).
From Irish, adopted from the English surname above, and also reduced from an Druaidh, Ó Druaidh, Ó Draoi, "descendant of the Druid", from draoi (“druid”).
Dryden
From Old English drȳġe (“dry”) + denu (“valley”).
Edo
From Japanese 江戸 (えど, Edo, literally “cove entrance”).
From Edo Ẹ̀dó.
Elma
A 19th-century creation, usually explained as a form of Wilhelmina or Italian Guglielma. It has also been recorded as a blend of Elizabeth and Mary.
Er
From Turkish Er, or from Hokkien 余 (Îr) or Teochew 余 (e5).
Erin
Anglicisation of Irish Éirinn (dative singular and dialectal nominative singular of Éire (“Ireland”)).
Essen
From the German city and surname, often confused with essen (“eating”), but this is not related. The city's oldest name, Astnide, could be related to Old High German asc (“ash tree”). The surname is from the city.
Fero
* As a German surname, variant of Fiero.
* As a Hungarian surname, from Feró, pet form of Ferenc (“Francis”).
Fiat
From the Italian abbreviation: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (“Italian Automobile Factory of Turin”).
Back-formation from Fiat as a backronym. From the tendency of Fiat automobiles to apocryphally be always in need of repair. From Italian FIAT, from Fabbrica Italiana Automobili di Torino (“Italian Automobiles Factory of Turin”)
From Italian FIAT, from Fabbrica Italiana Automobili di Torino
Fick
* As a North/Low German surname, from a pet form of the name Friedrich.
* As an English surname, perhaps from an adjective meaning "to move quickly," see the verbs fidge, fig. Compare Figg.
* Alternatively as an English surname, from a nickname derived from Old English gefic (“deceitful”), compare the adjective fickle. See Ficker.
* As an English surname of Norman origin, from Old French fike, a northern variant of fiche (“pointed implement”), presumably related to the verb ficher (“to drive in”). See Fitch.
Fier
Borrowed from Albanian Fier, from fier (“fern”). Alternatively borrowed from Italian fiera (“trade fair”) due to the arrival of Venetian merchants during the Renaissance.
Finn
From Old English Finnas (“the Sami”) (plural), from Old Norse finnr (“a hunter-gatherer”), from Proto-Germanic *finnaz (which see for more). Possibly originally meaning a ‘finder’ of food, referring to nomadic hunter-gatherers, particularly the Sami.
Fore
From the German surname, Americanized from Fahr, from the noun Fähre (“ferry”).
Frances
From Old French Franceise, feminine form of Franceis, from Late Latin Franciscus (“Frankish”). Doublet of Francisca.
Franco-
From Medieval Latin Francus or Franci (“the Franks, French”) + -o-. First attested in the early 18th century.
Frisbee
1957, brand name Frisbee was trademarked in 1959 by Fred Morrison, later acquired by Wham-O. From an alteration of frisbie, applied to the disk game by U.S. college students who tossed pie plates from Mrs. Frisbie's Pies, Frisbie Bakery, Bridgeport Ct., since the 1930s. From the English family name Frisbie, Frisby attested 1226, from the toponym attested 1086 in Frisby on the Wreak, Leicestershire, from Old Danish Frisby (“Frisian village”).
Fucking
Borrowed from Austrian German Fucking. The association with the unrelated vulgar term fucking led to a name change in 2020.
Gabe
Various origins:
* Borrowed from German Gabe, from a short form of several personal names beginning with the Proto-Germanic element *gabį̄ (“wealth, riches”).
* Borrowed from French Gabe, perhaps a nickname from Old French gabe (“joke”), from the verb gaber (“to tell jokes”).
* English surname, from a pet form of the personal name Gabriel, or alternatively a nickname from Middle English gabbe (“falsehood, deceit, lie”).
Gallo
* As an Italian and Spanish surname, from the noun gallo (“rooster”).
* Also as an Italian surname, from the personal name Gallo, from Latin Gallus (“a Gaul”). This is sometimes Americanized from Greek Γάλλος (Gállos). Compare Gallia.
* As a Breton surname, shortened from Le Gallo, a diminutive of Le Gall; compare Legall.
* (language): From Breton gall (“a Gaul or a foreigner”), from being a language found in eastern Brittany of the non-Celts, from Latin Gallus.
Garda
From Irish Garda (“guardian”), from Irish Garda Síochána (“Guardian of the Peace”) and Garda Síochána na hÉireann (“Guardian of the Peace of Ireland”) after the model of the French Third Republic's civilian French gardiens de la paix, from Old French guarde, from guarder (“to guard”), from Frankish *wardēn, from Proto-Germanic *wardāną. Doublet of guard, guardian, and warden.
Geat
From Old English Ġēat, from Proto-West Germanic *Gaut, from Proto-Germanic *gautaz (“Geat”).
Gemini
Borrowed from Latin geminī, plural of geminus (“twin”), calque of Ancient Greek Δίδυμοι (Dídumoi), calque of Akkadian 𒀯𒈠𒀸 (māšu), calque of Sumerian 𒀯𒈦𒋰𒁀 (ᵐᵘˡMAŠ.TAB.BA, “the Divine Twins, in Mesopotamia identified as Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea; name of constellation”). See Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea.
Grad
From Russian Град (Grad, “codename for a type of multiple rocket launcher”), from Russian град (grad, “hail”).
Gran
Borrowed from Norwegian and Swedish Gran. Also borrowed from Tagalog Gran.
Borrowed from German Gran.
Granada
From Spanish Granada, from Arabic غَرْنَاطَة (ḡarnāṭa), originally the name of a medieval suburb that was incorporated into the city. Doublet of Grenada.
Gras
Several etymologies:
* Borrowed from French Gras, a nickname for a stout person, from gras (“fat”)
* Borrowed from Catalan Gras, from gras (“fat, stout”)
* Borrowed from German Gras, variant of the surname Grass
Grus
Named by Dutch explorers Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman between 1595 and 1597. From Latin grūs (“a crane (bird)”), originally from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”).
Guangzhou
Mid 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 廣州 /广州 (Guǎngzhōu, “expansive district [capital]”).
Gunter
From German Gunther, from Proto-West Germanic *Gunþihari, from Proto-Germanic *Gunþiharjaz.
Gypsy
A clipping of Gyptian (in Early Modern English roughly /ˈd͡ʒɪp.sɪ.æn/), itself an apheretic form of Egyptian, from Middle English Egipcian (“Egyptian”) (rarely Gypcian), from Old French egyptien, from Latin aegyptianus, from aegyptius (“Egypt”), because when Roma first appeared in England in the sixteenth century, they were wrongly believed to have come from Egypt. The Albanian evgjit, Greek γύφτος (gýftos), Italian gitano, Spanish gitano and Turkish Kıpti have the same origin. Doublet of Egyptian and Copt.
The other major categories of words for the Roma are cognates of Rom (words related to the Romani people's autonyms) and cognates of tzigane (words derived from Greek); see those entries for more information.
H
Calque of Arabic هـ (h-)
Borrowed from Japanese H, alternative form of エッチ (etchi), in turn from English H as an abbreviation of Japanese 変態 (hentai, “pervert”).
A doublet of ecchi (“erotic, lascivious”) and hentai (“pornographic anime, manga, etc.”).
Hans
Borrowed from German Hans (occasionally used in English), a medieval short form of Johannes (“John”).
Hanzi
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 漢字 /汉字 (Hànzì). Doublet of kanji and hanja.
Heck
English, Dutch and south German surname, all from words meaning "hedge," "enclosure," "fence," from *haggju. Compare Van Heck, Hatch.
Henry
From Middle English Henry, from Old French (and Anglo-Norman) Henri, from Frankish *Haimrik, from Proto-Germanic *Haimarīks. Cognate with German Heinrich, Dutch Hendrik, Estonian Hendrik, and Old Norse Heimríkr (Danish Henrik).
Herne
Unknown. Suggested by R. Lowe Thompson to derive from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“horn”), which would mean it is related to English horn. Others have suggested that it comes from Old English Herian (literally “warrior-leader”), which is a name for Woden. Another theory is that it derives from the surname Horne.
From Old English hyrne (“corner”).
From German Herne.
Hickey
From Irish Ó hÍcidhe (“descendant of a healer”), from ící (“healer”).
Homme
Three possible origins:
* Borrowed from Norwegian Homme, a habitational surname from several farmsteads so named from Old Norse hvammr (“small valley”).
* Borrowed from French Homme, a nickname from Old French homme (“man”), or a status surname for a vassal or feudal tenant.
* Borrowed from Northern French Hommé, a patronymic surname from the local form of Frankish *Audamār, which consists of Proto-Germanic *audaz (“treasure”) and *mēraz (“fame”).
Hummer
From the German and West Frisian surname, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hugô, *hugiz (“mind”) + *mērijaz (“famous”). Related to Hugh and the first element of Merovingian.
Hun
From Old English Hūnas, Hūne (both plural), from Late Latin Hunni, from Koine Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi), borrowed through Middle Iranian. Cognate with Old Norse húnir, Old High German Hunni. See also etymology of Xiongnu.
Compare Sogdian [script needed] (xwn), Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa), and 匈奴 (OC *hoŋ-nâ) (c. 318 BCE) > *hɨoŋ-nɑ (Eastern Han), which Schuessler (2014:264) proposes to be transcription of foreign *Hŏna ~ Hŭna. More at Huns.
As a derogatory term for Germans popularized by Rudyard Kipling, reacting to Germany's proposal that the Royal Navy be used to collect debts from Venezuela.
Borrowed from Khmer ហ៊ុន (hun).
Hydra
From Latin Hydra, the mythical serpent, originally from Ancient Greek ὕδρα (húdra), from Proto-Indo-European *údreh₂ (“aquatic”). Doublet of otter.
Hydrus
Named by Dutch explorers Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman between 1595 and 1597. From Latin hydrus (“water serpent”), originally from Ancient Greek Ὕδρα (Húdra, “Hydra”).
ISO
Officially from Greek ίσος (ísos, “equal”). However, a participant in the initial meetings disputes this etymology, claiming that the link to ίσος was decided on after the name ISO was set.
(file format): From the file extension, in reference to the ISO 9660 specification.
Ido
Borrowing from Ido Ido. Began as a pseudonym, probably directly from Esperanto ido (“offspring”).
Ira
From a Hebrew name עִירָא ('ira), from a word meaning "watchful".
From the Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Czech diminutive of the cognates of Irene.
Jehu
Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew יֵהוּא (Yēhûʔ). Attested to in Akkadian as 𒁹𒅀𒌑𒀀 𒌉 𒁹𒄷𒌝𒊑𒄿 (Yaua mār Ḫumrî, literally “Jehu son of Omri”).
Jerez
Borrowed from Spanish Jerez. Doublet of sherry and Xeres.
Jersey
From Middle English Gersey, from Anglo-Norman Gersui, further etymology disputed. Probably from Old Norse [Term?], compound of Geirs (“Geirr's”) + ey (“island”). Also occasionally and historically connected to Latin Caesarea, a common name given to locations conquered by the Romans in honor of Caesar (compare French Césarée). The latter theory still bestows the Latin translation of the island.
Joan
A clipped or hypochoristic form of Joanna, from Latin Joanna, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννα (Iōánna), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָה (Yôḥānāh, literally “God is gracious”), the feminized form of יְהוֹחָנָן (Yəhōḥānān) which produced John and its many doublets. As a placeholder name, cf. similar use of John and Jack.
Doublet of Ivana, Jana, Jane, Janice, Janis, Jean, Jeanne, Jen, Joanna, Joanne, Johanna, Juana, Shavonne, Sian, Siobhan, Shane, Shaun, Shauna, and Sheena.
Joanna
From Latin Joanna, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννα (Iōánna), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָה (Yôḥānāh, literally “God is gracious”), the feminized form of יְהוֹחָנָן (Yəhōḥānān) which produced John and its many doublets.
Doublet of Ivana, Jana, Jane, Janice, Janis, Jean, Jeanne, Jen, Joan, Joanne, Johanna, Juana, Shavonne, Sian, Siobhan, Shane, Shaun, Shauna, and Sheena.
Joh
Various origins:
* Borrowed from German Joh.
* Variant of Cho, a Korean surname.
John
From Middle English John, Johan, Johannes, from Anglo-Norman Jehan, Johan, and also Old English Iohannes, both from Late Latin Iōhannēs, variant of Latin Iōannēs, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), from Biblical Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yôḥānān), perhaps contracted from a former יְהוֹחָנָן (Yəhōḥānān, “God is gracious”).
Doublet of Jack, Jon, Johan, Johann, Johannes, Jean, Sean, Shane, Shaun, Ian, Ivan, Evan, Juan, Giovanni, João, and Yahya.
Judas
From Middle English Iudas, from Latin Iudas, from Ancient Greek Ἰούδας (Ioúdas), from Hebrew יְהוּדָה (y'hudá). Doublet of Judah.
Junio
From Spanish Junio and Portuguese Junio. This surname is mostly found in the Philippines.
Kaiser
Inherited from Middle English kayser, from Old High German keisar (“emperor”), from Proto-West Germanic *kaisar, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz. The native Old English descendant of that Proto-Germanic word was cāser (“emperor”), but the shape of Middle English kayser (“emperor”) (versus the expected *caser, *coser) suggests it was borrowed from another Germanic language rather than inherited, and the modern English spelling and sense seem to be modified after modern German rather than a direct continuation of Middle English. Compare tsar, which was borrowed from Slavic.
Doublet of Caesar and tsar.
Karoo
From Afrikaans Karoo, from Khoekhoe ǃ’Aukarob (“hardveld”).
Kelvin
Of Celtic/Scottish Gaelic origin, possibly from caol (“narrow”) or coille (“wooded”) + abhainn (“river”). The surname is derived from the river.
The surname was also possibly influenced by Calvert (Middle English calfhirde).
Kings
From Middle English Kinges; reference to the contents of the book, a chronicle of the Kings of Israel.
Kokyo
Borrowed from Japanese 皇居 (kōkyo), from Middle Chinese 皇 (ɣwang, “emperor; sovereign”) + 居 (kjo, “dwelling; residence”).
Kraken
Borrowed from Norwegian kraken (Bokmål entry; Nynorsk entry), definite singular of krake (“crooked dead tree, wooden drag/grapnel”) (Bokmål entry; Nynorsk entry), both from Old Norse kraki (“crooked dead tree, wooden drag/grapnel”, literally “crookie: something with crooks/hooks”), from Proto-Germanic *krankaz (“crooked”).
Kronos
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κρόνος (Krónos).
Lab
From Serbo-Croatian Lab, from Лаб, from Thracian Alb.
Lacerta
Named by the astronomer Johannes Hevelius in 1687. From Latin lacerta (“a lizard”)
Landen
Borrowed from Dutch Landen.
Borrowed from Swedish Landén, an ornamental surname composed of the element land (“land”).
Latin
From Middle English Latyn, Latyne, Latin, from Old French latin, latyn, from Latin latīnus, from Latium (“the region around Rome”) + -īnus (adjective suffix). Displaced or merged with Old English Lǣden. Doublet of Ladin and Ladino.
From Middle English Latin, Latyn, from Old English Lǣden, from Vulgar Latin *ladinum (“Latin”) and Old French latin (“Latin”); all from Latin Latinus (“belonging to Latium”). Later influenced in form by the Latin word. Compare Dutch Latijn (“Latin”), German Latein (“Latin”), Swedish Latin (“Latin”).
Metonymic occupational surname for a Latinist, a clerk or keeper of Latin records, from Middle English Latyn. Compare Latimer.
Latine
Borrowed from Spanish latine (“Latine; Latino or Latina”). The gender-neutral suffix -e replaces the gendered suffixes -a and -o.
Latino
American English, first attested in the 1960s for a person of Spanish-speaking or Latin American ancestry (notably Mexican, Puerto Rican and Cuban), originally an (informal) shortened form of Spanish latinoamericano (“Latin American”, adjective). Its appearance probably coincided with the colloquial use of Anglo (for a person of British or White US descent) and Afro (for a person of Black or African US descent).