MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
fervid
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *ferwejō
Proto-Italic *ferweō
Latin ferveō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *-iðos
Latin -idus
Latin fervidusbor.
English fervid
Borrowed from Latin fervidus, from ferveō. By surface analysis, Latin ferv- + id.
Alnair
From Arabic النَّائِر (an-nāʔir, “the bright [one]”).
Palmer
From Middle English palmer (“a pilgrim from the Holy Land”), from Old French.
From Middle English palmer, from Anglo-Norman palmer, from Old French paumier (“palmer”), from Medieval Latin palmārius (“palmer”), from palma (“palm tree”).
Fornax
Named by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille. Originally called Fornāx Chemica,
From the Latin for "chemical furnace".
jeu de paume
Borrowed from French jeu de paume (“game of the palm”).
adjudicate
Borrowed from Latin adiūdicō, adiūdicātus, from ad + iūdicō (“to judge”). Doublet of adjudge.
scombroid
From Ancient Greek σκόμβρος (skómbros, “tuna, mackerel”) + -oid.
scrimshaw
The origin of the verb is unknown, but it has possibly been influenced by the surname Scrimshaw. Various etymologies have been proposed (for example, that it derives from scrimshank (“(Britain, military slang) to be idle, to shirk duty”)), but the Oxford English Dictionary does not consider any of them convincing. Following the surname theory, Etymonline ultimately derives the word probably from Old French escremisseor (“fencing-master”).
The noun is probably derived from the verb.
couture
Ellipsis of haute couture, ultimately from French couture.
Borrowed from French Couture.
lollipop
By surface analysis, loll (“laze, hang loose”) + y + pop (“shot, try, burst, enter”); likely through lolly (“head, tongue”). Attested from 1784. Compare lollygag and lollypoop.
An unlikely derivation is from Romani loli (“red”) + phabaj (“apple”); candy apples are often red and placed on a stick to keep the person's hands dry, similar to lollipops. However candy apples were not well-known until a century after the first known use of the word lollipop, and the original lollipop was likely a small item like modern penny candy.
Daoism
From Taoism but influenced by the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 道 (Dào).
cashier
From Dutch casseren, kasseren, from Old French casser (“to break (up)”). During a ceremonial cashiering of a ranking military officer, the breakup was often symbolized dramatically by literally breaking the officer’s sword.
Borrowed from Dutch cassier or French caissier, from French caisse.
Hamm
* As an English and German surname, from hamm (“enclosure, land by a stream”).
* Also as a German surname, from Hamm in Westphalia, itself from a Low German derivative of Proto-Germanic *hammō (“corner, hollow, bend”), used in the sense "river bend," similar to Hamburg.
worshipper
Inherited from Middle English wirshiper, worchyppar, worscheper, worschepour, worschiper, worschippar, worshipore; equivalent to worship + -er.
namaz
From Ottoman Turkish نماز (namâz) (Turkish namaz) and Urdu نماز (namāz), and their source, Classical Persian نماز (namāz).
carinate
Borrowed from Latin carīnātus, from carīna (“keel”) + -ātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). The noun comes from a substantivization of the adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix).
dingy
From English dialectal (Kentish) dingy (“dirty”), of unknown origin, though probably from Middle English *dingy, dungy, from Old English *dyncgiġ (“covered with dung, dirty”), an umlaut form of duncge, dung (“dung”), equivalent to dung + -y, hence a doublet of dungy.
emboss
PIE word
 *h₁én
The verb is derived from Late Middle English embossen, embosen, embocen (“to be bloated; to bulge; to cause to bulge; to ornament in relief, emboss”) [and other forms], from Old French embocer (modern French embosser), from em- (a variant of en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’)) + boce (“swelling”) + -er (suffix forming verbs); boce (“swelling”) is derived from Vulgar Latin *bottia (“a bump”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *bautan (“to beat”), from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to beat; to bump, knock; to push”). The English word is analysable as em- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’) + boss (“bump, lump, protuberance”).
The noun is derived from the verb.
From Middle English embosen, embose, enbose (“of game: to become exhausted from hunting”), possibly from em- (a variant of en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’)) + Old French bos, bois (“woodland, woods”) (modern French bois) (from Late Latin boscus, Medieval Latin boscus (“woodlands, woods”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *busk (“bush, thicket”), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“bush, thicket”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to appear; to be; to become; to grow”)). Doublet of imbosk (“to conceal or hide (not necessarily in a forest or wood)”).
Sense 2 (“to make (a hunted animal) foam at the mouth”) is probably influenced by emboss (“to decorate (something) with bosses”; etymology 1, verb sense 5), likening the flecks of foam to decorative bosses.
Possibly:
* from em- (a variant of en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’)) + boss (“(small) cask; leather bottle for holding wine”) (Scotland, obsolete); or
* borrowed from Spanish embozarse, from embozar (“to cloak, hide; to turn up; to wrap up”) + se (“oneself; yourself; himself; herself; etc.”). Embozar is derived from em- (a variant of en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’)) + bozo (“mouth; muzzle; halter for horses”) (from Medieval Latin *buccēus (“belonging or relating to the mouth”), from Latin bucca (“mouth”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Germanic *puhô (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew-, *bʰew- (“to blow; to inflate, swell”)) + -ar (suffix forming first-conjugation verbs).
The word was possibly coined by the English poet Edmund Spenser (1552 or 1553 – 1599) in his work The Faerie Queene (1590–1596): see the quotations.
llano
Borrowed from Spanish llano. Doublet of piano, plain, and plane.
From Spanish llano.
give face
First used in the late 19th century (most likely in the colonial Hong Kong), a calque of dialectal Cantonese 畀面 (bei2 min2).
scrip
From Middle English scrippe, an aphetism of Old French escrepe (“purse, alms-bag”), a variant of escharpe, from Old Norse skreppa. Cognate with Danish skreppe (“scrip”), Norwegian skreppa (“bag”). Doublet of scarf.
scutch
From Middle English *scucchen, from Anglo-Norman escucher, from Vulgar Latin *excuticāre.
From Irish.
scye
Borrowed from Scots sey (“armhole, cut of beef”), from Middle Scots say, possibly from Old Norse segi, sigi (“chunk, bite”), from Proto-Germanic *segô, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).
sele
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *sēliz
Proto-Germanic *-jaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ī
Proto-West Germanic *sālī
Old English sǣl
Middle English sel
English sele
Inherited from Middle English sel (“fortune, bliss; a unit of time”), from Old English sǣl (“time, occasion, an opportune time, opportunity, happiness, prosperity, good times”), from Proto-West Germanic *sālī, from Proto-Germanic *sēliz. Related to silly.
septentrional
Borrowed from Latin septentriōnālis, from septentriōnēs (“seven plow oxen”), a name for the constellations now known as Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, which appear in the northern sky.
sequela
Learned borrowing from Latin sequēla (“aftermath, sequel; consequence, result”), from sequor (“to follow; to come or go after, pursue”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”)) + -ēla (suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs). Doublet of sequel.
The plural form is a learned borrowing from Latin sequēlae.
Alnitak
From Arabic النِطَاق (an-niṭāq, “the girdle”).
Alderamin
From Arabic الذِّرَاع الْيَمِين (aḏ-ḏirāʕ al-yamīn, “the right arm”), from ذِرَاع (ḏirāʕ, “arm”) + يَمِين (yamīn, “right”).
Algenib
From Arabic الجَانِب (al-jānib) "the side".
apollonian
Coined by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. From German apollinisch (“Apollonian”).
dionysian
From German dionysisch (“Dionysian”). Coined by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.
Algol
From Arabic الْغُول (al-ḡūl, “the ghoul”).
Alkaid
From Arabic القَائِدُ لبَنَاتِ النَعْش (“the leader of the girls at the bier”), from قَائِد (qāʔid, “leader”) + بَنَات (banāt) plural of بِنْت (bint, “girl”) + نَعْش (naʕš, “bier”). With reference to the mourners at the funeral of Calypso (who became the Great Bear). Doublet of alcaide and caid.
Alphard
From Arabic الفَرْد (al-fard, “the solitary one”).
Alpheratz
From Arabic سُرَّةُ الْفَرَس (surratu l-faras, “the horse's navel”) (referring to Pegasus), from سُرَّة (surra, “navel”) + فَرَس (faras, “horse, steed”). Not related to alpha.
Alshain
From Arabic اَلشَّاهِين (aš-šāhīn, “the falcon”), from Persian شاهین (šâhin, “falcon / pointer of a scale”).
Deneb Kaitos
From Arabic ذَنَب اَلْكَيْتُوس (ḏanab al-kaytūs, “Cetus's tail”), from ذنب (“tail”) + an Arabization of Cetus.
Diphda
From Arabic الضِفْدَع الثَانِي (aḍ-ḍifdaʕ aṯ-ṯānī, “the second frog”), from ضِفْدَع (ḍifdaʕ, “frog”) + ثَانٍ (ṯānin, “second”).
Charlton
From Old English ċeorl (“freeman”) and tūn (“town”). Doublet of Carlton.
Denebokab
From Arabic ذَنَب اَلْعُقَاب (ḏanab al-ʕuqāb, “the eagle's tail”), from ذَنَب (ḏanab, “tail”) + عُقَاب (ʕuqāb, “eagle”).
Denebola
From the Arabic ذَنَب اَلْأَسَد (ḏanab al-ʔasad, “the lion's tail”), from ذَنَب (ḏanab, “tail”) + أَسَد (ʔasad, “lion”).
chaparral
From Spanish chaparral, from chaparro (“evergreen oak”) + -al, from Basque txaparro, from txapar, from sapar.
contrecoup
Borrowed from French contrecoup, from contre (Latin contra) + coup a blow.
Dschubba
From Arabic اَلْجَبْهَة (al-jabha, “the forehead”).
Dubhe
From the Arabic phrase اَلْظَهْرُ اَلْدُبِّ اَلْأَكْبَر (al-ẓahru l-dubbi l-ʔakbar, “the back of the great bear [i.e. Ursa Major]”), from ظَهْر (ẓahr, “back”) + دُبّ (dubb, “bear”) + أَكْبَر (ʔakbar, “great”).
Elnath
From Arabic النَّطْح (an-naṭḥ, “the butting [one]”).
Enif
From Arabic أَنْف (ʔanf, “nose”) (i.e. of Pegasus).
Eltanin
From the Arabic رَأْس اَلتِّنِّين (raʔs at-tinnīn, “the dragon’s head”), from رَأْس (raʔs, “head”) + تِنِّين (tinnīn, “dragon”).
desu
Borrowed from Japanese です (desu, “be”), the polite form of the Japanese copula, found most often at the end of a sentence. Know Your Meme attributes its spread to 4chan memes of the Rozen Maiden character Suiseiseki who ends every sentence with desu (see also キャラ語尾).
Fomalhaut
From Arabic فَمُ الْحُوت (famu l-ḥūt, literally “the fish mouth”).
Algiedi
From Arabic اَلْجَدْي (al-jady, “the kid-goat”).
Kochab
Borrowed from Arabic كَوْكَب (kawkab, “star”).
modus
Learned borrowing from Latin modus (“measure, manner, mood”). Doublet of mode.
akathisia
From a- + Ancient Greek κάθισις (káthisis, “sitting”) + -ia. See also κᾰθῐ́ζω (kăthĭ́zō, “to sit down”).
Horologium
See horologium. As a location in Rome, a clipping of Latin Hōrologium Augustī (“Sundial of Augustus”). As a constellation, a clipping of Latin Hōrologium Oscillitorium (“Pendulum Clock”), coined in 1763 by the French astronomer De Lacaille to honor the Dutch astronomer and mathematician Christian Huygens, who had written a major work by that name.
From Latin horologium, from Ancient Greek ὡρολόγιον (hōrológion). In reference to Eastern Orthodoxy, via its Byzantine Greek development. See menologium. Doublet of horologe.
picaroon
From Spanish picarón, from pícaro (“rogue”).
From French piqueron, from pique (“pike”) + -oon
epiphenomenon
PIE word
 *h₁epi
From epi- (prefix meaning ‘above, on, over; in addition to’) + phenomenon. Phenomenon is derived from Late Latin phaenomenon (“appearance”), from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing that appears in one’s view; appearance; phenomenon”), a noun use of the neuter singular form of φαινόμενος (phainómenos), the present middle or passive participle of φαίνω (phaínō, “to cause to appear; to reveal, show, uncover; to expound”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to glow with light, to shine”).
incommunicado
Borrowed from Spanish incomunicado, with spelling influenced by such English words as communicate.
tricolon
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek τρικωλον (trikōlon), neuter of τρικωλος (trikōlos, “having three parts”). By surface analysis, tri- + colon.
intolerance
Borrowed from French intolérance, itself from in- (“not”) + tolérance or borrowed from Latin intolerantia (“insolence, insufferableness; (very rare) intolerance”). By surface analysis, in- + tolerance.
repulsion
Borrowed from Middle French répulsion, from Late Latin repulsio, repulsionem, from Latin repulsus.
Maxwell
From an earlier form Mackeswell, meaning "Mack's well or spring", from Old English welle (“well”).
sesterce
From Middle French sesterce, from Latin sēstertius (“two-and-a-half (asses)”).
doek
Borrowed from Afrikaans doek (“cloth”), from Dutch doek, from Middle Dutch doec, from Old Dutch *duok, from Proto-West Germanic *dōk, from Proto-Germanic *dōkaz. Doublet of duck.
jenever
Borrowed from Dutch jenever (“jenever”), from Old French genevre, from Vulgar Latin ziniperus, from Latin iūniperus (“juniper”).
infusion
From Middle English infusioun, from Old French infusion, from Latin infusio, infusionem (“a pouring into, a wetting, a dyeing, a flow”), from infundo.
scarper
The verb is probably borrowed from Italian scappare (“to run away, escape, flee”), from Vulgar Latin *excappāre (“to escape”), from Latin ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + cappa (“(Late Latin) cape, cloak (usually with a hood); (Medieval Latin) cap; headwear”) (further etymology uncertain, probably ultimately from caput (“head”), from dialectal Proto-Indo-European *káput (“head”)) + -āre (the present active infinitive of -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)). Around World War I (1914–1918), the English word was influenced by the Cockney rhyming slang term Scapa Flow (“to go”). Doublet of escape and scape.
The noun is derived from the verb.
shadoof
Borrowed from Egyptian Arabic شادوف (šadūf); see further at that entry.
seaside
From Middle English see-syde, sey-syde, see syde, se side, equivalent to sea + side. Compare waterside.
Markab
From Arabic مَرْكَب الفَرَس (markab al-faras, “the saddle of the horse”), from مَرْكَب (markab).
alexithymia
From a- + lexi + -thymia.
Created by psychiatrists John Case Nemiah and Peter Sifneos from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + λέξις (léxis, “speaking”) + θυμός (thumós, “heart”), meaning “without words for emotions”.
armoury
From Middle English armerie, armurie, armorye, from Anglo-Norman armurrie, from armure (“arms, armor”) + -ie (“-y”). By surface analysis, armour + -y.
Pictor
Named by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1763. From Latin pīctor (“easel”).
Piscis Austrinus
From Latin piscis austrīnus (“southern fish”).
Puppis
Named by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1763. From Latin puppis (“stern of a ship”). Doublet of poop.
Argo Navis
From Latin Argō nāvis, the mythical "ship Argo".
elephantiasis
From Latin elephantiasis or directly from Ancient Greek ἐλεφᾰντῐ́ᾱσῐς (elephăntĭ́āsĭs).
Carina
Named by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1763. From Latin carīna (“the keel of a ship”)
Borrowed from Latin carīna (“keel”). Doublet of careen and carene.
filaria
19th century, from translingual Filaria (name of type genus), from Latin filum (“thread”).
Ghia
From Italian Carrozzeria Ghia SpA, an Italian company named after one of its founders.
Pyxis
Named by the French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille in 1763, and originally called Pyxis Nautica (“nautical compass”), from Latin pyxis (“little box”).
From Latin pyxis (“small box”). Doublet of box, piseog, and pyx.
ashwagandha
From Sanskrit अश्वगन्ध (aśvagandha, “horse’s smell”).
Carolingian
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-der.
Proto-Germanic *karaz
Proto-Germanic *karilaz
Proto-West Germanic *karil
Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos
Proto-Germanic *-īnaz
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Germanic *-gaz
?
Proto-Germanic *-ingaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ing
Medieval Latin Carolingī
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Italic *-nos
Latin -nus
Latin -ānus
Latin -iānusbor.
English -ian
English Carolingian
From Medieval Latin Carolingī (“Carolings (descendants of Charles Martel)”) [plural of Carolingus, from a Frankish patronymic ultimately composed of Proto-West Germanic *karil + *-ing] + -ian. Reshaping of earlier Carlovingian, from Middle French Carlovingien, itself a misconstruction of Carlingien.
By surface analysis, Caroling + -ian.
gimlet
From Middle English gimlet etc., from Old French guinbelet, guimbelet, guibelet, probably a diminutive of the Anglo-Norman wimble, a variation of guimble (“drill”), from the Middle Low German wiemel; continued in Modern French as gibelet.
Cocktail either named after the tool, in reference to its penetrating effects, or British Navy surgeon Thomas Gimlette (1857–1943).
parenchyma
From Ancient Greek παρέγχῠμα (parénkhŭma, “anything poured in beside”), from πᾰρᾰ- (pără-, “beside”) + ἔγχῠμα (énkhŭma, “instillation, content of a vessel”), given by the Greek anatomist Erasistratus to the peculiar substance of the lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen, as if formed separately by the veins that run into them.
kha-nyou
From Lao ຂະຍຸ (kha nyu).
dreamer
From Middle English dremer, dremere, dremare, equivalent to dream + -er. Cognate with West Frisian dreamer (“dreamer”), Saterland Frisian Dröömer (“dreamer”), Dutch dromer (“dreamer”), German Träumer (“dreamer”), Danish drømmer (“dreamer”), Swedish drömmare (“dreamer”).
brewery
From Dutch brouwerij (“brewery”), equivalent to brew + -ery. See also brewhouse.
snuff
Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch snuffen (“to snuff, sniff, snuffle”).
Related to Dutch snuiven (“to sniff”), Middle Low German snûve (“pose, head-cold”), German Schnupfen (“head-cold”). The noun is probably from Dutch snuf (“snuff”), an abbreviation of snuftabak, snuiftabak (“snuff”). Related to sniff (compare Dutch snuffen (“snuff”), German schnupf (“snuff”), French schnouff (“junk”)).
From Middle English snoffe, snuffe, of uncertain origin. Compare Middle Dutch snuf, snof (“snuff”), Dutch sneuvelen (“to die in battle”).
From Middle English snuffen, snoffen, from the noun (see Etymology 2 above).
spurge
Etymology tree
Old French espurgebor.
Middle English spurge
English spurge
Inherited from Middle English spurge, from Old French espurge, from espurgier (“to purge”), from Latin expurgo (“to purge”); the bitter milky sap of these plants was formerly used as a purgative.
rodeo
From Spanish rodeo, from rodear (“to surround”), which refers to a cattle roundup.
heirloom
Inherited from Middle English heirlome (“heirloom”, literally “a tool or article passed to one's heirs”). By surface analysis, heir + loom.
Displaced native Old English fæderġestrēon.
dynastic
From Ancient Greek δυναστικός (dunastikós). By surface analysis, dynasty + -ic.
putty
Borrowed from French potée (“polishing powder", originally "the contents of a pot, potful”), from French pot (“pot”). More at English pot.
munchkin
Coined by American author L. Frank Baum in 1900 in his novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Perhaps reflective of German Mensch or munch + -kin. Compare Low German Menschken and Low German Minschken.
Sense 5 (“donut hole”) is a genericization of the Dunkin' trademark "Munchkins".
twirl
Of Scandinavian origin, akin to Norwegian Nynorsk tvirla, Old High German dweran (German zwirlen, quirlen), Dutch dwarrelen and Icelandic þyrill; all from Proto-Germanic *þwirilaz (“stirring-stick, whisk”), *þweraną (“to stir”). Or, an alteration of tirl (“to twist”), with influence from whirl.
sterling
Possibly from Old English *steorling, from steorra (“star”) and -ling, in reference to the stars that appeared on certain English pennies. Alternatively, the first element may be *stēre, meaning “strong” or “stout” (compare the etymology of solidus).
ting
From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 鼎 (dǐng) Wade-Giles romanization: ting³.
From Hokkien 丁 (Teng) or Eastern Min 陳／陈 (Dìng).
riff
From Middle English *rif (found only in midrif), from Old English hrif (“the belly; womb”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrif, from Proto-Germanic *hrefaz (“body; torso; belly”), from Proto-Indo-European *krep- (“body”). Distant doublet of corpus, corpse, and corse.
morse
From Middle French mors, from Latin morsus (“bite; clasp”), from mordere (“to bite”).
Uncertain, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Samic *moršë. Compare Russian морж (morž, “walrus”), Sami morša, Finnish mursu (all attested later), and possibly the second element of translingual Rosmarus.
burdock
From Middle English *bury dokke (attested as plural bury dokkis), equivalent to bur(ry) + dock.
arrowroot
From Lokono aru-aru (literally “meal of meals”), influenced by arrow + root because the plant’s “roots” (more accurately rhizomes) are used on wounds from poison darts to absorb the poison.
Septuagint
From Late Latin Septuaginta, lit. "The Seventy", a clipping of earlier descriptional names such as septuaginta translatio (“translation by the seventy”) and septuaginta interpretes (“the 70 interpreters”), calques of Koine Greek names such as οἱ ἐβδομήκοντα ἑρμηνευταί (hoi ebdomḗkonta hermēneutaí, “the 70 interpreters”) and οἱ Ο′ (hoi O′, “the LXX”), deriving from the popular (but probably mistaken) belief that its translation of the Torah had been produced in 72 days by a team of 72 Jewish scholars from Jerusalem (6 from each tribe) summoned to Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy II.
From Latin septuaginta (“seven tens, 70”), chiefly under the influence of the Septuagint and the story of its team of translators, q.v.
plaint
From Middle English plainte, borrowed from Anglo-Norman plainte (“lamentation”), plaint (“lament”), and Old French pleinte (“lamentation”), pleint (“lament”) (modern French plainte), from Medieval Latin plancta (“plaint”), from Latin planctus (“a beating of the breast in lamentation, beating, lamentation”), from Latin plango (“to beat one's breast, to lament”); see plain.
repertory
Learned borrowing from Late Latin repertōrium. Doublet of repertoire.
lazaretto
Borrowed from Italian lazzareto (archaic), lazzaretto, lazzeretto, from lazzaro (“leper”) + -etto (diminutive or meliorative suffix). Lazzaro is derived from Medieval Latin lazarus (“leper”), from Lazarus, from Ancient Greek Λᾱ́ζᾱρος (Lā́zāros), from Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר ('el'azár, literally “God has helped”), from אֵל ('él, “God; a deity, god”) + עָזַר ('azár, “to assist, help”). Lazarus is a Biblical character mentioned in the parable of Jesus known as “The rich man and Lazarus” who is described as being a beggar covered in sores: see Luke 16:20–21. Doublet of lazar and lazaret.
The plural form lazaretti is borrowed from Italian lazzaretti, lazzeretti.
pfeffernusse
Borrowed from German Pfeffernüsse, plural of Pfeffernuss (literally “pepper nut”).
bdellium
Borrowed from Latin bdellium, from Ancient Greek βδέλλιον (bdéllion), itself perhaps from Hebrew בְּדֹלַח (bdólakh), cognate with Akkadian 𒁉𒁺𒌨𒄷 (bidurḫu) or from Sanskrit भिदुर (bhidura, “something brittle, fragile, easily split or broken”).
Sega
Borrowed from Japanese セガ (Sega), an abbreviation of service games, because the company's earliest products were aimed at American servicemen on military bases.
parenthetical
From Medieval Latin parentheticus (from Late Latin parenthesis or Ancient Greek παρένθετος (parénthetos), + -icus) + -al. By surface analysis, par- + en- + thetical.
wisely
From Middle English wisliche, wislike, from Old English wīslīċe (“wisely”, adverb), equivalent to wise + -ly.
vesicant
Borrowed from Late Latin vēsīcāns, present participle of vēsīcō. By surface analysis, vesic- + -ant.
rapini
From Italian rapini, diminutive of rapo, variant of rapa (“turnip”).
kailan
Borrowed from Cantonese 芥蘭／芥兰 (gaai3 laan4-2).
governess
From Middle English governesse, a contracted form of governeresse, from Old French governeresse (“female ruler or administrator”). In later senses, equivalent to govern(or) + -ess.
brin
Of unknown origin ; perhaps French brin
* As a Jewish surname, from Brin, the Yiddish name for Brno.
* Also as a Jewish surname, from a Hebrew acronym בן רבי (ben rabi, “son of rabbi”) followed by a Yiddish personal name, similar to Brill.
* As a French surname, from the adjective brin (“loud, quarrelsome”).
chop-chop
From Chinese Pidgin English, from Cantonese 速速 (cuk1 cuk1, “quick”). Recorded in English since the 1830s (see citations for adverb). Recorded as a Chinese term in 1795.