MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
description
From Middle English descripcioun, from Old French description and its etymon, Latin dēscrīptiō, noun of action of dēscrībō (“to describe”). Equivalent to describe + -tion.
expand
Recorded in Middle English since 1422 (as expanden, expaunden), from Anglo-Norman espaundre, from Latin expandere (“to spread out”), itself from ex- (“out, outwards”) + pandō (“to spread”). Doublet of spawn.
expert
Inherited from Middle English [Term?], derived from Old French [Term?] (“experienced”), derived from Latin expertus, perfect active participle of experior (“to try”).
uterine
From Middle French utérin, from Latin uterinus (“pertaining to the womb; born of the same mother”), from Latin uterus (“womb”). Related to English uterus. By surface analysis, uter- + -ine.
uterus
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Indo-European *úderos
Latin uteruslbor.
English uterus
Learned borrowing from Latin uterus.
grab
From Middle Dutch grabben or Middle Low German grabben (“to grasp, grab, seize, snatch”), from Old Saxon gravan, from Proto-West Germanic *grabbōn, a secondary form of Proto-Germanic *grabōną (“to gather, rake”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to gather, rake, grab, seize”).
Related to archaic German grappen (“to grab”), Danish grabbe (“to grab”), Swedish grabba (“to grab”), Old Norse grápa (“to seize, appropriate”), Middle English grappen (“to feel, grope, grasp, clutch”), Old English ġegræppian (“to seize”).
Related also to Sanskrit गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti), गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇā́ti, “he seizes”), Avestan 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬠 (grab, “to seize”)), Macedonian грабне (grabne, “to snatch”), Bulgarian грабя (grabja, “to rob, to grab”).
From Arabic غُرَاب (ḡurāb) and Hindi ghurb?: crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.
snatch
From Middle English snacchen, snecchen (“to snap; seize”), from Old English *snæċċan, *sneċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *snakkjan, from Proto-Germanic *snakjaną (“to whiff, sniff, catch wind of; to taste-test, nibble”), related to Proto-Germanic *snakōną (“to breathe, blow, sigh”) and *snakkōną (“to blather, jabber, chatter”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch snacken (“to snap [of a dog]”), Norwegian Nynorsk snaka (“to snatch [of animals]”). Related also to Dutch snakken (“to sob, pant, long for”), Low German snacken (“to chatter”), German schnacken (“to chat”), Danish snakke (“to chat”) and Norwegian snakke (“to chat”). Related to snack.
micro-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mey-der.?
Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós)der.
English micro-
From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”). By surface analysis, micr- + -o-.
Clipping of micronation, ultimately from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”).
hotel
Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *hostipotjālis
Latin hospitālis
Old French ostel
Middle French hostel
French hôtelbor.
English hotel
Borrowed from French hôtel, from Middle French hostel, from Old French ostel, from Late Latin hospitālis (“hospice, shelter, guesthouse”), from Latin hospitālis (“hospitable”). Doublet of hostel and hospital.
hostel
From Middle English hostel, from Old French hostel, ostel, from Late Latin hospitale (“hospice”), from Classical Latin hospitalis (“hospitable”) itself from hospes (“host”) + -alis (“-al”). Doublet of hotel and hospital. Not in use from late 17th c. (in the usual sense from mid 16th c.) to 1808, when it was revived by Walter Scott in his poem Marmion (see the quotation).
pico-
Etymology tree
Latin beccus
Old Spanish bico
Spanish picobor.
English pico-
Borrowed from Spanish pico (“beak, little bit, speck”)
centuriate
First attested in 1540; borrowed from Latin centuriātus, perfect passive participle of centuriō (“to divide into groups of one hundred”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix).
centurion
From Middle English centurioun, from Latin centuriō, centuriōnis (“a commander of a hundred, centurion”), from Latin centum (“a hundred”). Displaced native English hundreder and hundredman, from Middle English hundredman, from Old English hundredmann (“centurion”).
homosexuality
From homosexual + -ity, equivalent to homo- + sexuality and after the model of German Homosexualität, coined by journalist Karl Maria Kertbeny in 1869, and French homosexualité, attested in 1891.
bi-
PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Borrowed from Latin bi-, from Proto-Italic *dwi-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi-. Doublet of twi- and di-.
From Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”).
pleonasm
Learned borrowing from Late Latin pleonasmus, from Ancient Greek πλεονασμός (pleonasmós), from πλεονάζω (pleonázō, “to be superfluous”), from πλείων (pleíōn, “more”).
out-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Germanic *ūt
Proto-Germanic *ūt-
Old English ūt-
Middle English ut-
English out-
From Middle English ut-, from Old English ūt- (“out, without, outside”) (also as ūta-, ūtan- (“from or on the outside, without”), as in ūtanweard (“outward, external”)), from Proto-Germanic *ūt- (“out-”). Cognate with Dutch uit-, German aus-, Swedish ut-, Icelandic út-. More at out.
politburo
Borrowed from Russian Политбюро́ (Politbjuró, “politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union”), a contraction of полити́ческое бюро́ (politíčeskoje bjuró, “political bureau”).
commodore
Borrowed from Dutch kommandeur, from Middle French commandeur. See command, compare commend (a doublet), and mandate.
captain
From Middle English capitain, capteyn, from Old French capitaine, from Late Latin capitāneus, from Latin caput (“head”) (English cap). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-.
Doublet of chieftain, also from Old French.
lieutenant
From Middle English lieutenant, lieftenaunt, from Anglo-Norman lieutenant, lyutenaunt, leu tenant, leu tenaunt (“deputy, lieutenant”), from Old French lieu (“place”) + tenant (“holder”). Doublet of locum tenens.
ensign
From Middle English ensigne, from Old French enseigne, from Latin īnsignia, nominative plural of īnsigne, meaning marked, distinguished. Doublet of insignia.
cavalry
From Middle French cavalerie, in turn from Italian cavalleria. Recorded in English from the 1540s. Doublet of chivalry.
appear
From Middle English apperen, aperen, borrowed from Old French aparoir (French apparoir), from Latin appāreō (“to appear”), from ad (“to”) + pāreō (“to come forth, to become visible”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-s- (“watch, see”), s-present of *peh₂- (“protect”).
kuya
From Tagalog kuya, from Hokkien 哥仔 (*ko-iá).
reduce
From Middle English reducen, from Old French reduire, from Latin redūcō (“reduce”); from re- (“back”) + dūcō (“lead”). See duke, and compare with redoubt.
appearance
Borrowed from Middle French apparence, from Latin apparentia, from appareo. Morphologically appear + -ance. Doublet of apparence and apparency. Displaced native Old English hīew (“the way something looks or seems”) and ætīewednes (“act of appearing or coming into view”).
append
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Italic *ad
Proto-Italic *ad-
Latin ad-
Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend-
Proto-Indo-European *(s)péndeti
Proto-Italic *pendō
Latin pendō
Latin appendō
Old French apendrebor.
Middle English appenden
English append
From Latin appendere (“to hang up, suspend on, pay out”), via Old French apendre, appendre, via Middle English appenden; from ad (“on, upon, against”) + pendere (“to suspend, hang”), equivalent to ad- + pend. Compare with Old English appenden, apenden (“to belong”). See also pendant.
appertain
From Middle English apperteinen, apertenen, borrowed from Old French apartenir (French appartenir), from Late Latin appertinēre, from ad (“to”) + Latin pertinēre (“to reach to, belong”). More at pertain.
appetite
From Middle English appetit, from Old French apetit (French appétit), from Latin appetitus, from appetere (“to strive after, long for”); ad + petere (“to seek”). See petition, and compare with appetence.
applause
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Italic *ad
Proto-Italic *ad-
Latin ad-
Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂-?
Proto-Indo-European *pel-?
Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂-u-h₂-
Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂-u-d-
Latin plaudō
Latin applaudō
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Italic *-tus
Latin -tus
Latin applaususbor.
English applause
From Latin applausus, from applaudō (“to strike against, to applaud”) (whence applaud).
oat
Inherited from Middle English ote, from Old English āte, from Proto-West Germanic *aitā, from Proto-Germanic *aitǭ (“swelling; gland; nodule”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyd- (“to swell”). See English atter (“poison”).
Cognates
* Germanic: cognate with Scots ait (“oat”), West Frisian oat (“wild oat”), Dutch oot, aat (“wild oat”), Saterland Frisian Aate (“pea”), German Low German Aat (“oat”), obsolete Luxembourgish Otz (“oat”). Further related to Icelandic eitill (“nodule”), Norwegian Bokmål eitel (“knot, gland”), Norwegian Nynorsk eitel (“knot, gland”), Old High German eiz (“abscess”) (German Eiter (“pus”), Eiß (“ulcer”)), Dutch etter (“pus”), Saterland Frisian eitel (“fast, raging”), Old Norse eitill (“nodule”)
* Indo-European: Latin aemidus (“swollen, protuberant”), Old Church Slavonic ꙗдъ (jadŭ, “poison”), Ancient Greek οἰδέω (oidéō, “to swell”), Albanian ënjt (“to swell, inflame”), Old Armenian այտնում (aytnum, “to swell”), այտ (ayt, “cheek”), Sanskrit इन्दु (índu, “water drop”)
phytoplankton
From phyto- + plankton.
From Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”) + πλαγκτόν (planktón), neuter of πλαγκτός (planktós, “wandering”). However, they are no longer classified as plants, so the terminology is showing a historical meaning.
naval
From Middle English naval, from Middle French naval, from Latin nāvālis; equivalent to navy + -al.
expensive
From Latin *expēnsīvus, from expendō (“to weigh out (money), to pay out”) (whence English expend). By surface analysis, expense + -ive. In the sense of "high-priced" has largely displaced dear.
mahal
Borrowed from Hindi महल (mahal), from Arabic مَحَلّ (maḥall, “place”).
chew
From Middle English chewen, from Old English ċēowan, from Proto-West Germanic *keuwan, from Proto-Germanic *kewwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁-. Cognate with West Frisian kôgje, Low German käwwen, Dutch kauwen, German kauen; also Latin gingīva (“gums”), Tocharian B śuwaṃ (“to eat”), Polish żuć (“to chew”), Persian جویدن (javidan), Pashto ژول (žovạl, “to bite, gnaw”).
From Middle English chew, cheu, icheu, from Old English *ċēaw, *ġeċēaw (“chewing”), from Proto-West Germanic *kauw, *gakauw (“chewing”), from Proto-Germanic *kewwaną (“to chew”). Cognate with obsolete Dutch kauw (“chewing”), Dutch gekauw (“chewing”), West Frisian gekau (“chewing”).
* As an English surname, Chew has a number of separate origins:
** A toponymic surname referring to a place in Billington, Lancashire. It was originally spelled Cho, from Middle English cho, which is possibly a descendant of Old English *cēo (“gill”), denoting a ravine.
** A toponymic surname referring to Chew Magna or Chew Stoke in Somerset, England.
** A nickname from Old English ċīo, ċēo, which refers to smaller chattering species of crow, in particular the red-billed chough.
* As a Chinese surname, borrowed from Hokkien 周 (Chiu), Teochew 周 (ziu1), Cantonese 趙／赵 (ziu6), etc.
gum
From Middle English gom, gome, gomme, goome, gum, gume, gumme, from Old English gōma (“palate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gōmō, from Proto-Germanic *gaumô, *gōmô (“palate”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, yawn”).
Cognates
Cognate with Cimbrian gaumo (“palate”), German Gaum, Gaumen (“palate”), Luxembourgish Gomm, Gumm (“palate”), Yiddish גומען (gumen, “palate”), Danish gumme (“gums”), Icelandic gómur (“gum”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish gom (“palate”); also Latin hio (“to gape, yawn”), Ancient Greek χάσκω (kháskō, “to gape, yawn”), Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”), Bulgarian зе́я (zéja, “to gape”), Czech zát, zet (“to gape”), Polish ziać (“to pant”), Russian зия́ть (zijátʹ, “to gape, yawn”), Serbo-Croatian зи́јати, zíjati (“to gape, yawn”), Ukrainian зя́яти (zjájaty, “to gape”), Tocharian A koy- (“mouth”), Tocharian B koyn (“mouth”). More at yawn.
From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”). Doublet of gumma.
* As an English and German surname, variant of Gumm.
* As a north/Low German surname, from Old Saxon gumo (“man”).
* As a Chinese surname, Romanized from 甘 (gān) (Gan).
remainder
From Middle English remaindre, remeigner, from Anglo-Norman remaindre, with infinitive used as noun.
evenly
From Middle English evenly, evenliche, from Old English efenlīċe (“evenly, alike, equally”), equivalent to even + -ly.
sigmoid
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek σῖγμᾰ (sîgmă)
Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)
Proto-Indo-European *weyd-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wéydos
Proto-Hellenic *wéidos
Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *-ēs
Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs)
Ancient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs)
Ancient Greek σῑγμοειδής (sīgmoeidḗs)bor.
English sigmoid
Borrowing from Ancient Greek σῑγμοειδής (sīgmoeidḗs, “of the shape of sigma”), from σῖγμᾰ (sîgmă, “sigma”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-oid, -like”); Equivalent to sigma + -oid. Compare with French sigmoïde.
commander
From Middle English comaundour, commaunder, comaunder, borrowed from Old French comandeor, cumandeur, from comander. By surface analysis, command + -er. See command.
evensong
From Old English ǣfensang, equivalent to even + song. The use of even to mean evening is now obsolete except in poetry.
episcopal
From Middle English episcopal, from Late Latin episcopālis, from Latin episcopus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “watchman, overseer”).
dessert
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is-
Proto-Italic *dis-
Latin dis-
Old French des-
Middle French des-
Proto-Indo-European *ser-der.?
Proto-Italic *serwos
Latin servus
Proto-Indo-European *-yétider.
Latin -iō
Latin serviō
Old French servir
Middle French servir
Middle French desservir
Middle French dessertbor.
English dessert
Borrowed from Middle French dessert, from desservir (“disserve”), from dés- (“dis-”) and servir (“serve”), thus literally meaning “removal of what has been served”.
Note: It was erroneously suggested (e.g. in "Glucose syrups: Technology and Applications" (Peter Hull, 2010)) that the word is derived from the name of Benjamin Delessert, the inventor of beet sugar. However, the term predates him by at least a century.
starboard
From Middle English sterbord, stere-bourd, stere-burd, from Old English stēorbord, from Proto-West Germanic *steurubord, equivalent to steer + board (“side (of a ship)”), referring to ancient ships with the steering oar set to the right (to accommodate right-handed crew). Ships had to dock on their left (port) side because the steering oar on the right would get in the way, which is how the left became known as the port side.
disallow
From Middle English disallowen, desallowen, a borrowing from Anglo-Norman desalouer, Old French desalöer. By surface analysis, dis- + allow.
imperial
From Middle English imperial, from Old French imperial, from Latin imperiālis (“of the empire or emperor, imperial”), from imperium (“empire, imperial government”) + -ālis, from imperō (“command, order”), from im- (“form of in”) + parō (“prepare, arrange; intend”). Displaced Old English cāserlīċ.
plethora
From Late Latin plēthōra, from Ancient Greek πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness, satiety”), from πλήθω (plḗthō, “to be full”) + -η (-ē, nominal suffix).
qualification
Borrowed from Middle French qualification in the 1540s, which in turn derives from Medieval Latin quālificātiō. By surface analysis, qual(ify) + -ification.
greens
From Middle English grenes, equivalent to green + -s. Compare Saterland Frisian Gräinieten (“vegetable”), West Frisian grienten (“vegetables, greens”), Dutch groenten (“vegetables, greens”), German Low German Gröönten (“vegetables, greens”), Danish grøntsager (“vegetables”), Swedish grönsaker (“vegetables”).
In reference to the ancient Roman and medieval Byzantine racing faction, a calque of Latin prasinī (“Leek-Greens”) or factio prasina (“the leek-green faction”) and Byzantine Greek Πράσινοι (Prásinoi, “Leek-Greens”).
jetsam
From Middle English jetteson, from Anglo-Norman getteson. Doublet of jettison.
ablutophobia
From Latin ablutio (“a washing”) + Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”) (equivalent to -phobia).
achluophobia
From Ancient Greek ἀχλύς (akhlús, “darkness”) and -phobia.
cainophobia
From the Ancient Greek roots καινός (kainós, “new”) or καινότης (kainótēs, “newness”) + -phobia.
catagelophobia
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κᾰτᾰγελᾰ́ω (kătăgelắō, “to ridicule, mock, jeer”) + -phobia
celery
From French céleri, from Lombard selleri, a plural of Latin selīnum, from Ancient Greek σέλῑνον (sélīnon). Displaced English march (“celery, smallage”) and smallage (“wild celery”).
ayo
From Yoruba ayò, an abridged form of ayò ọlọ́pọ́n.
Chaubunagungamaug
From a Nipmuck (Loup A) word, translated by Ives Goddard as "fishing place at the boundary" or "lake divided by islands".
Chaubunagungamaug is the form used by the US government and it occurs in the earliest local records, according to Goddard. In 1921, a local fancifully enlarged the name to Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg.
hesitate
Etymology tree
Latin haereō
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin -tō
▲
Latin -tō
Latin -itō
Latin -titō
Latin haesitō
Latin haesitātusbor.
English hesitate
Borrowed from Latin haesitātus, perfect passive participle of haesitō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), intensive of haereō (“to hesitate, stick fast; to hang or hold fast”). Displaced native Old English wandian. Compare French hésiter.
waver
The verb is derived from Middle English waveren (“to move back and forth, swing; to move unsteadily, totter; to shake, tremble; to wander; (figurative) to be changeable or unstable; to deviate”), and then possibly:
* from Old English (compare Old English wǣfre (“flickering, quivering, wavering; active, nimble (?)”)), related to Old English wafian (“to wave”) from Proto-West Germanic *wabbjan (“to cause to weave; to entangle; to wrap”), from Proto-Germanic *wabjaną (“to cause to weave; to entangle; to wrap”); and/or
* from Old Norse vafra (“to move unsteadily, flicker”), probably related to vefa (“to weave”);
both from Proto-Germanic *webaną (“to weave”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid, weave”). Doublet of wave.
The noun is derived from the verb.
falter
From Middle English falteren (“to stagger; be unsteady, tremble, quiver; to stammer; be entangled, get caught”), further origin unknown. Probably from a North Germanic source such as Old Norse faltrask (“to hesitate, be puzzled, be encumbered”). May also be a frequentative of fold, although the change from d to t is unusual.
totter
From Middle English totren, toteren, from earlier *tolteren (compare dialectal English tolter (“to struggle, flounder”); Scots tolter (“unstable, wonky”)), from Old English tealtrian (“to totter, vacillate”), from Proto-Germanic *taltrōną, a frequentative form of Proto-Germanic *taltōną (“to sway, dangle, hesitate”), from Proto-Indo-European *del-, *dul- (“to shake, hesitate”).
Cognate with Dutch touteren (“to tremble”), Norwegian dialectal totra (“to quiver, shake”), North Frisian talt, tolt (“unstable, shaky”). Related to tilt.
Borrowed from Austrian German Totter.
crescent
From Middle English cressaunt, from Anglo-Norman cressaunt and Old French creissant (“crescent of the moon”) (French croissant), from Latin crēscēns, present active participle of crēscō (“arise, thrive”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱreh₁- (“to grow”). See Old Armenian սերիմ (serim, “be born”) and սերեմ (serem, “bring forth”), Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē, “girl”) and κούρος (koúros, “boy”), Latin creāre (“produce, create, bring forth”) and Ceres (“goddess of agriculture”). Doublet of croissant.
The pronunciation with /z/ is a comparatively recent innovation due to the influence of words such as pheasant and present.
lunate
First attested in 1777; borrowed from Latin lūnātus (“crescent-shaped”), from lūna (“moon”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
stammer
From Middle English stameren, from Old English stamerian, from Proto-West Germanic *stamrōn, from Proto-Germanic *stamrōną (“to stammer”). Compare German stammeln, Dutch stameren, Old Norse stammr. Doublet of stumble.
Borrowed from German Stammer.
stutter
From Middle English stutten, stoten (“stutter”); cognate with Dutch stotteren (“stutter”).
weltanschauung
Unadapted borrowing from German Weltanschauung.
meaning
From Middle English mening, menyng, equivalent to mean + -ing. Cognate with Scots mening (“intent, purpose, sense, meaning”), West Frisian miening (“opinion, mind”), Dutch mening (“view, opinion, judgement”), German Meinung (“opinion, view, mind, idea”), Danish and Swedish mening (“meaning, sense, sentence, opinion”), Icelandic meining (“meaning”).
average
Etymology tree
Arabic عَوَار (ʕawār)
Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy)
Proto-Afroasiatic *-t
Proto-Semitic *-at-
Arabic ـَة (-a)
Arabic ـِيَّة (-iyya)
Arabic عَوَارِيَّة (ʕawāriyya)bor.?
Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁bʰéh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *haβēō
Latin habeō
Old Italian avére
Old Italian -ìa
?
Old Italian avariabor.
Old French avarie
Middle French avarie
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos
Proto-Italic *-ātos
Latin -ātus
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icus
Latin -āticus
Latin -āticum
Old French -agebor.
Middle English -age
English -age
English average
Not entirely certain. The oldest meaning in English is “customs duty”. Borrowed from Middle French avarie (“damage to ship or cargo”), from Old French avarie, from Old Italian avaria where it is first attested in the 12th century in the context of Mediterranean trade. From there most sources trace it to Arabic عَوَارِيَّة (ʕawāriyya, “damaged goods”), from عَوَار (ʕawār, “fault, blemish, defect, flaw”), from عَوِرَ (ʕawira, “to lose an eye”), but the OED gives it a Romance derivation from Italian avere (“property, goods”) or the like.
The English suffix -age was added in analogy to words like damage.
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁bʰéh₁yeti
Proto-Italic *haβēō
Latin habeō
Old French averder.
Middle English aver
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos
Proto-Italic *-ātos
Latin -ātus
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Latin -icus
Latin -āticus
Latin -āticum
Old French -agebor.
Middle English -age
Middle English average
English average
From Middle English average, from Medieval Latin averagium, from aver (“horse or other beast of burden, service required from the same”) from Old English eafor (“obligation to carry goods and convey messages for one's lord”) from aferian (“to remove, take away”); + -age.
fluent
From Latin fluens (“flowing”), present active participle of fluō (“to flow”).
median
Borrowed from Middle French median, from Latin mediānus (“of or pertaining to the middle”, adjective), from medius (“middle”) (see medium), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”). Doublet of mean and mizzen. Cognate with Old English midde, middel (“middle”). More at middle.
Good Friday
From good (“holy”); compare good tide to refer to Christmas or Shrovetide (e.g. Goodtyde and Gudtyde in some British dialects), Good Wednesday, and the Good Book to refer to the Bible. Earlier called Old English Langa-Friġedæġ (“Long Friday”).
crucify
From Middle English crucifien, from Old French crucefier, from Late Latin crucificō, from Latin crucifigō.
crucifixion
From Middle English crucifixioun, from Late Latin noun of process crucifīxiō, from perfect passive participle crucifīxus (“fixed to a cross”), from crux (“cross”) + fīgō.
crucifix
From Middle English crucifix, from Old French crocefis (French crucifix), from Latin crucifixus.