MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
handicraft
For handcraft, influenced by handiwork; Old English handcræft. By surface analysis, handy + -craft.
polydactyly
From Ancient Greek πολυδάκτυλος (poludáktulos) + -y, from πολυ- (polu-, “many”) + δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “digits”), equivalent to poly- + dactyly or polydactyl + -y.^((Etymology 3))
pyrargyrite
From Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”) + ἄργῠρος (árgŭros, “silver”). By surface analysis, pyr- + argyr- + -ite.
roach
From Middle English roche, from Old French roche, from Middle Low German roche, ruche (“ray (fish)”), from Old Saxon *rūh, possibly from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz (“rough”).
Cognate with Old English ruhha ("a ray"; > Middle English rouhe, rohȝe), German Rochen (“ray (fish)”).
* As an English surname, of Norman origin, from Old French roche (“rock”). Compare Roch.
* Also as an English surname, from the River Roch; see Roch.
* Also as an English surname, shortened from Rochdale.
beetle
From Middle English bitle, bityl, bytylle, from Old English bitula, bitela, bītel (“beetle”), from Proto-West Germanic *bitilō, *bītil, from Proto-Germanic *bitilô, *bītilaz (“that which tends to bite, biter, beetle”), equivalent to bite + -le. Cognate with Old High German bicco (“beetle”), Danish bille (“beetle”), Icelandic bitil, bitul (“a bite, bit”), Faroese bitil (“small piece, bittock”).
From Middle English bitel-brouwed (“beetle-browed”). Possibly after beetle, from the fact that some beetles have bushy antennae.
From Middle English betel, from Old English bȳtel, bīetel (“hammer”), from Proto-West Germanic *bautil (“hammer, mallet”), equivalent to beat + -le. Cognate with Low German Bötel (“mallet”).
Borrowed from Portuguese bétele, from Malayalam വെറ്റില (veṟṟila) or Tamil வெற்றிலை (veṟṟilai).
Calque of German Käfer.
Punjab
From Punjabi ਪੰਜਾਬ / پنجاب (pañjāb), from Classical Persian پَنْجَاب (panjāb, “[Land of] the Five Rivers”), from پَنْج (panj, “five”) and آب (āb, “water”), referring to five rivers of the Punjab region: the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Sutlej and the Beas. The Persian term is a calque of Sanskrit पञ्चनद (pañcanada, “[Land of] the Five Rivers”), from पञ्च (pañca, “five”) and नद (nada, “river”).
Haryana
Borrowed from Hindi हरियाणा (hariyāṇā).
Chandigarh
From Chandi + Garh (derived from Hindi चंडी (caṇḍī) + -गढ़ (-gaṛh)). Chandi refers to a Hindu Goddess, the warrior avatar of Goddess Parvati, while Garh means "fort". The name is derived from Chandi Mandir, an ancient temple devoted to this goddess, near the city in Panchkula District.
Delhi
Corrupted from Hindustani دہلی (dihlī, dêhli) / देहली (dehlī), of uncertain origin. See Delhi § Toponym at Wikipedia. Compare Hindi दिल्ली (dillī).
From Mongolian Дэлхий (Delxii) / ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ (delekei).
Sikkim
Borrowed from Sikkimese སུ་ཁྱིམ (su khyim); The most widely accepted theory is that it is a combination of two Limbu words: su, which means "new", and khyim, which means "palace" or "house". The name is believed to be a reference to the palace built by the state's first ruler, Phuntsog Namgyal.
Bihar
From Hindi बिहार (bihār), from Sanskrit विहार (vihāra, “temple; monastery”).
Jharkhand
Borrowed from Hindi झारखंड (jhārkhaṇḍ): elements meaning "forest region" or "bushland".
Manipur
From Bengali মণিপুর (monipur), from Sanskrit मणिपूर (maṇipūra, literally “abundance of jewels”), composed of मणि (maṇi, “jewel”) + पूर (pūra, “abundance”).
Mizoram
From Mizo Mizoram, from mizo (“the Mizo people”) + ram (“land; jungle”).
Tripura
Borrowed from Sanskrit त्रिपुर (tripura), from त्रि (tri, “three”) + पुर (pura, “city”). Doublet of Tripoli.
Meghalaya
Borrowed from Sanskrit मेघालय (meghālaya, “abode of clouds”), a compound of मेघ (megha, “cloud”) + आलय (ālaya, “abode”).
Pondicherry
Borrowed from Tamil பாண்டிச்சேரி (pāṇṭiccēri).
Kerala
Borrowed from Malayalam കേരളം (kēraḷaṁ) which is of uncertain origin. One popular theory derives the name from Malayalam കേരം (kēraṁ, “coconut tree”) and Malayalam അളം (aḷaṁ, “land”), thus "land of coconuts", which is also the state's nickname. More at Kerala § Etymology on Wikipedia.
Karnataka
Borrowed from Kannada ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ (karnāṭaka). Though several etymologies have been suggested for the name Karnataka, the generally accepted one is that Karnataka is derived from Kannada ಕರು (karu, “elevated”) and ನಾಡು (nāḍu, “land”). ಕರುನಾಡು (karunāḍu) may also be read as "black region", as a reference to the black soil found in the Bayalu Seeme region of the state.
Lakshadweep
From Sanskrit लक्षद्वीप (lakṣadvīpa, “hundred thousand islands”), from लक्ष (lakṣa, “hundred thousand”) (compare lakh) + द्वीप (dvīpa, “island”).
Goa
From Portuguese Goa, from Konkani गोंय (goiya), from Sanskrit गोमन्त (gomanta).
From Icelandic góa.
Unknown, possibly from Tibetan dgoba.
Maharashtra
From Sanskrit महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra), derived from महा- (mahā-), combining form of महत् (mahat, “great”) + राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra), a dynasty that once ruled the area. In Sanskrit, the word राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra) means “nation” or “dominion”. Other theories indicate that the word "rāṣṭra" in this context derives from रत्त (ratta) (a corruption of “Rashtrakuta”, a dynasty that once ruled the area), a clan known as राष्ट्रिक (rāṣṭrika) (found in some of King Ashoka’s inscriptions) or रथ (ratha, “chariot”). Doublet of Maratha.
Gujarat
Borrowed from Gujarati ગુજરાત (gujrāt), possibly via Classical Persian گجرات (gujarāt).
Chhattisgarh
From Hindi छत्तीसगढ़ (chattīsgaṛh), from छत्तीस (chattīs, “thirty-six”) + गढ़ (gaṛh, “fort”).
pyre
Learned borrowing from Latin pyra (“pyre, funeral pile”), from Ancient Greek πυρά (purá), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”). Doublet of fire.
carpe diem
Learned borrowing from Latin carpe diem (“enjoy the day”, literally “pluck (or harvest) the day”).
matador
Borrowed from Spanish matador (“killer”). Used in the English language as title for a bullfighter, however referred to as a torero in Spain.
hajj
From Arabic حَجّ (ḥajj, “pilgrimage”), from حَجَّ (ḥajja, “to go, to repair”).
Canberra
Uncertain. Most commonly said to be from Ngunawal kamberra (“meeting place”). See more theories on Wikipedia.
Brisbane
From Scottish Gaelic bris (“break, smash”) + Old English bān (“bone”), a nickname given to someone who was often involved in fights, resulting in the breaking of bones. The city and river in Australia are named after Sir Thomas Brisbane, 1773–1860; governor of New South Wales (which at the time included the area of modern Queensland) from 1821 to 1825.
Darwin
From Middle English Darwin, Derwin, from Old English Dēorwine (“a given name”), composed of dēore (“dear”) + wine (“friend”). The city in Australia is named after Charles Darwin.
Perth
From Pictish *ᚚᚓᚏᚈ (pert) meaning “wood, copse, thicket”, related to Welsh perth and perhaps Proto-Celtic *kʷerxtā (from Proto-Indo-European *pérkʷus (“oak”).
Adelaide
Borrowed from French Adélaïde, from Old High German Adalheid (from adal (“noble”) + heit (“nature, character”)), modern German Adelheid; doublet of Alice.
Edmonton
From Middle English Adelmetone, from Old English Ēadhelm + tūn (“town”). The Canadian city was named after the area of London.
Winnipeg
* From Ojibwe wiinibig (“dirty waters”), from wiini’ (“to make someone dirty”), wiinad (“it is dirty”), + nibi (“water”), plural nibig (“waters”).
* After the lake, from Cree/Swampy Cree ᐑᓂᐯᐠ (“muddy waters”), describing the river's water entering the lake (CanOD).
Toronto
From Mohawk tkaronto (“where trees stand in water”), originally referring to the strait between Lake Simcoe and Lake Couchiching. Compare karón꞉ta (“tree”) from Proto-North Iroquoian *-ɹõt-.
Halifax
From Old English halh-ġefeaxe (literally “grassy corner”), compounded from halh + ġefeaxe. Folk etymology suggests Old English hāliġfeax (literally “holy hair”), as compounded from hāliġ + feax, from a local legend that the town is said to have received the name from the fact that the hair of a murdered virgin was hung up on a tree in the neighborhood, which became a resort of pilgrims. Compare also Fairfax.
The capital city of Nova Scotia is named after statesman George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax (1716–1771).
The civil parish is also named after the 2nd Earl of Halifax. Coined by British-Dutch surveyor Samuel Holland.
pato
Borrowed from Spanish pato (literally “duck”), since it was originally played with a live duck inside a basket instead of a ball.
pata
From Marathi पट्टा (paṭṭā) or a related term in another Indian language. Compare the longer form Marathi दांडपट्टा (dāṇḍpaṭṭā).
goose
PIE word
 *ǵʰh₂éns
From Middle English goos, gos, from Old English gōs, from Proto-West Germanic *gans, from Proto-Germanic *gans, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns.
Cognates
Compare West Frisian goes, North Frisian göis (also Fering-Öömrang dialect North Frisian gus; Sölring dialect North Frisian Guus; Heligoland dialect North Frisian gus), Low German Goos, Gans, Dutch gans, German Gans, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian gås, Icelandic gæs, Irish gé, Latin ānser, Latvian zùoss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Albanian gatë, Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Avestan 𐬰𐬁 (zā), Sanskrit हंस (haṃsá).
* The tailor's iron is so called from the likeness of the handle to the neck of a goose.
Iqaluit
Borrowed from Inuktitut ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ (iqaloit, “place of fish”), plural of ᐃᖃᓗᒃ (iqalok, “fish”).
Yellowknife
From yellow (“a colour like that of copper”) + knife (“a tool prominently made, used, owned, and traded, by the T'satsąot'ınę”).
From Dogrib T'satsąot'ınę.
Named after the Tsatsaotine (“Copper People”) (the Yellowknives), a local Dene tribe that made copper tools.
heel
Etymology tree
Middle English hele
English heel
From Middle English hele, from Old English hēla, from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄hilō, from Proto-Germanic *hanhilaz, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *hanhaz (“heel, hock”), equivalent to hock + -le. More at hock.
Compare North Frisian haiel, West Frisian hyl, Dutch hiel, German Low German Hiel, Danish and Norwegian hæl, Swedish häl.
Probably inferred from hielded, the past tense of hield, from Middle English helden, heelden, from Old English hyldan, hieldan (“to incline”), cognate with Old Norse hella (“to pour out”) (whence Danish hælde (“lean, pour”)).
Ottawa
From Ojibwe odaawaa/ᐅᑡᐙ (“an Ottawa; a trader”), from Proto-Algonquian *atawewa (“to trade”).
swan
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂-der.
Proto-Indo-European *swónh₂-osder.
Proto-Germanic *swanaz
Proto-West Germanic *swan
Old English swan
Middle English swan
English swan
From Middle English swan, from Old English swan, from Proto-West Germanic *swan, from Proto-Germanic *swanaz (“swan”, literally “the singing bird”), from Proto-Indo-European *swonh₂-/*swenh₂- (“to sing, make sound”).
Cognate with West Frisian swan, Low German Swaan, swan, Dutch zwaan, German Schwan, Danish svane, Norwegian svane, Swedish svan. Related also to Old English ġeswin (“melody, song”), Old English swinsian (“to make melody”).
Further cognates include (possibly) Russian звон (zvon, “ring, chime”); Latin sonus (“sound”), Sanskrit स्वन् (svan, “sound”).
Doublet of sound.
juxtaposition
Borrowed from French juxtaposition, from Latin iuxtā (“near”) (from Latin iungō (“to join”)) + French position (“position”) (from Latin pōnō (“to place”)).
lose
From Middle English losen, from Old English losian. The modern pronunciation with /uː/ (instead of the /oʊ~əʊ/ that would be expected from Early Modern /ɔː/) is due to conflation with loose.
* As a north/Low German surname, from a pet form of Lodewig, Ludwig.
* As a south German surname, from a pet from of Nikolaus.
loose
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-der.
Proto-Germanic *leusaną
Proto-Germanic *lausaz
Old Norse laussbor.
Middle English loos
English loose
From Middle English loos, los, lous, from Old Norse lauss, from Proto-Germanic *lausaz, whence also -less, leasing; from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁- (“to untie, set free, separate”), whence also lyo-, -lysis, via Ancient Greek.
huevo
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwis
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm
Proto-Italic *ōwjom?
Proto-Italic *ōwom
Classical Latin ōvum
Vulgar Latin *ŏvum
Old Spanish hueuo
Spanish huevobor.
English huevo
Borrowed from Spanish huevo (“egg; testicle”). Doublet of egg, ey, oeuf, and ovum.
chamois
Borrowed from Middle French chamois, from Late Latin camox, from Gaulish camox (5th c. AD, Polemius Silvius), probably from an extinct Alpine language (Raetic, Ancient Ligurian), possibly Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“without horns”). Compare also Old High German gamiza (“chamois”) (whence modern German Gämse).
nudnik
From Yiddish נודניק (nudnik), from the root of נודיען (nudyen, “to bore”) + ־ניק (-nik, noun-forming suffix) (English -nik), both of Slavic origin. The root derives from Proto-Slavic *nùditi (“to compel”) and the noun *nùďa (“need, necessity”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *new- or *neh₂w- (“to lack, need;  to perish”). The suffix is from Proto-Slavic *-ьnikъ (forming agent nouns and objects).
Compare Russian ну́дный (núdnyj, “tedious”), Ukrainian нудни́й (nudnýj, “tedious”), Polish nudny (“boring”), Slovak nudný (“boring”), Old Church Slavonic ноудити (nuditi) or нѫдити (nǫditi, “to compel”), Hebrew נוּדְנִיק (“nag”). See also English need, and compare needy for the semantics.
torta
Borrowed from Spanish torta, from Latin turta, thought to derive from Latin tŏrta f (“twisted”). Doublet of torte and tart.
Borrowed from Tagalog torta, from Spanish torta, from Latin turta, thought to derive from Latin tŏrta f (“twisted”). Doublet of torte and tart.
Borrowed from Italian torta, from Latin turta, thought to derive from Latin tŏrta f (“twisted”). Doublet of torte and tart.
torte
Borrowed from German Torte. Cognate to tart. Doublet of torta.
street
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ster-
Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *str̥h₃tós
Proto-Italic *strātos
Latin strātus
Latin via strātaellip.
Late Latin strātabor.
Proto-West Germanic *strātu
Anglian Old English strēt
Middle English strete
English street
Inherited from Middle English strete, from Anglian Old English strēt (“street”, compare West Saxon Old English strǣt) from Proto-West Germanic *strātu (“street”), an early borrowing from Late Latin (via) strāta (“paved (road)”), from Latin strātus, past participle of sternō (“stretch out, spread, bestrew with, cover, pave”), from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to stretch out, extend, spread”). Doublet of estrade and stratum.
The /aː/ vowel of the Latin form shifted by Anglo-Frisian brightening to /æː/ in West Saxon and /eː/ in Anglian Old English; these developed respectively to /ɛː/ and /eː/ in Middle English, /ɛː/ and /iː/ in Early Modern English, and finally /iː/ in Modern English by the Great Vowel Shift. The modern spelling reflects the Anglian form, as in sleep, greedy, sheep.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots stret, strete, streit (“street”), North Frisian Straat, stroot, struat (“street”) (North Frisian forms are borrowed from Middle Low German strâte), Saterland Frisian Sträite (“street”), West Frisian strjitte (“street”), Bavarian Stråßn (“street”), Dutch straat (“street”) (see doublet straat), German Strasse, Straße (“street”), German Low German Straat, Straote (“street”), Limburgish sjtraot, straot (“street”), Luxembourgish Strooss (“street”), Mòcheno stros (“street”), Vilamovian śtrös, štrȫs (“street”), Yiddish שטראָז (shtroz, “street”), Danish stræde (“alley, lane, narrow street”), Faroese and Icelandic stræti (“street”), Norwegian Bokmål strede (“narrow street”), Swedish stråt (“path, road, route; way, course”) (Scandinavian forms are borrowed from Old English), Portuguese estrada (“road, way, drive”), Italian strada (“road, street”). Related to Old English strēowian, strewian (“to strew, scatter”), Latin sternō, Ancient Greek στορνύναι (stornúnai). More at strew.
road
From Middle English rode, rade (“ride, journey”), from Old English rād (“riding, hostile incursion”), from Proto-West Germanic *raidu, from Proto-Germanic *raidō (“a ride”), from Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ- (“to ride”). Doublet of raid, acquired from Scots. Cognates include West Frisian reed (paved trail/road, driveway).
The current primary meaning of "street, way for traveling" originated relatively late — Shakespeare seemed to expect his audiences to find it unfamiliar — and probably arose through reinterpretation of roadway (“a way for riding on”) as saying way twice, in other words as a tautological compound.
trail
From Middle English trailen, from Old French trailler (“to tow; pick up the scent of a quarry”), from Vulgar Latin *tragulāre (“to drag”), from Latin tragula (“dragnet, javelin thrown by a strap”), probably related to Latin trahere (“to pull, drag along”).
traffic
From Middle French trafique, traffique (“traffic”), from Italian traffico (“traffic”) from trafficare (“to carry on trade”). Potentially from Vulgar Latin *trānsfrīcāre (“to rub across”); Klein instead suggests the Italian has ultimate origin in Arabic تَفْرِيق (tafrīq, “distribution, dispersion”), reshaped to match the native prefix tra- (“trans-”).
The adjectival sense is possibly influenced by Tagalog trapik and follows a general trend in Philippine English to construct a noun from an adjective.
path
From Middle English path, peth, from Old English pæþ (“path, track”), from Proto-West Germanic *paþ, from Proto-Germanic *paþaz (“path”). The Proto-Germanic term is possibly borrowed from Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *pántaHh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pántaHs, from Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s, from the root *pent- (“to pass”), but this is disputed.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Paad, Pad (“path”), West Frisian paad (“path”), Dutch pad (“path”), German Pfad (“path”), German Low German Padd (“path”), Luxembourgish Pad (“path”). Indo-Iranian cognates could be Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬃 (paṇtā̊, “way”), Old Persian 𐎱𐎰 (p-θ /⁠paθi⁠/), Hindi पथ (path), Sanskrit पन्था (panthā, “path”). See also English find. Doublet of panth.
highway
From Middle English heiȝwai, heiȝwei, from Old English hēahweġ (“main road, highway”), corresponding to high + way. Compare highgate, high street, high road.
Cognate with Scots heaway, heway, hieway, hichway, heichway (“highway”).
boulevard
Borrowed from French boulevard, from Middle French boulevard, bollevart, boulevars, bolevers, bollewerc (“rampart”), from Middle High German bolewerc, bolwerc (modern German Bollwerk) or Middle Dutch bolwerk (“bulwark, bastion”). Doublet of bulwark; more at bole, work.
thoroughfare
From Middle English thurghfare, corresponding to thorough- (“through”) + fare. Compare Old English þurhfaran (“to go through, go over, traverse, pierce, pass through, pass beyond, transcend, penetrate”). Compare also Old English þurhfær (“inner secret place”), German Durchfahrt (“passage through, thoroughfare”).
avenue
Borrowed from French avenue, from Old French avenue, feminine past participle of avenir (“approach”), from Latin adveniō, advenīre (“come to”, from ad (“to”) + veniō, venīre (“come”)).
exit
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs
Proto-Italic *eks
Latin ex
Latin ex-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyti
Proto-Italic *ejō
Proto-Italic *eō
Latin eō
Latin exeō
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Italic *-tus
Latin -tus
Latin exitusder.
Middle English exit
English exit
From Middle English exit, from Latin exitus (“departure, going out; way by which one may go out, egress; (figuratively) conclusion, termination; (figuratively) death; income, revenue”), from exeō (“to depart, exit; to avoid, evade; (figuratively) to escape; of time: to expire, run out”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs). Exeō is derived from ex- (prefix meaning ‘out, away’) + eō (“to go”) (ultimately from ). The English word is cognate with Italian esito, Portuguese êxito, Spanish éxito. Doublet of ejido and exitus.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Borrowed from Latin exit, the third-person singular present active indicative of exeō (“to depart, exit; to avoid, evade; (figuratively) to escape; of time: to expire, run out”); see further at etymology 1 above.
lane
From Middle English lane, lone, from Old English lanu (“a lane, alley, avenue”), from Proto-West Germanic *lanu, from Proto-Germanic *lanō (“lane, passageway”).
Cognate with Scots lone (“cattle-track, by-road”), West Frisian leane, loane (“a walkway, avenue”), Dutch laan (“alley, avenue”), German Low German Lane, Laan (“lane”), Swedish lån (“covered walkway encircling a house”), Icelandic lön (“a row of houses”).
As an English surname, from lane; as an Irish surname, from several origins, including Laighin. See Lane.
alley
From Middle English aleye, from Anglo-Norman aleie, feminine of alé, past participle of aler (“to go”) (French aller). Doublet of allée.
turnpike
From Middle English turnpyke (“spiked barrier across a road”), originally used to block access to such a road until a toll was paid. Equivalent to modern turn + pike (“shaft”).
sale
From Middle English sale, from Old English sala (“act of selling, sale”), from Old Norse sala (“sale”), from Proto-Germanic *salō (“delivery”), from Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to grab”).
From Middle English sale, sal, from Old English sæl (“room, hall, castle”), from Proto-Germanic *salą (“house, hall”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“home, dwelling, village”). Cognate with West Frisian seal, Dutch zaal, German Saal, Swedish sal, Icelandic salur, Lithuanian sala (“village”). Doublet of sala and salle. Related also to salon, saloon.
From Old English sealh (“willow tree”).
furigana
Borrowed from Japanese 振り仮名 (furigana, “annotating kana”, literally “assigned provisional character”).
gangway
From Middle English gangway, from Old English gangweġ (“passageway; thoroughfare”), equivalent to gang + way. Related to Dutch gang (“hallway”) and Norwegian gang (“hallway”).
Manaus
Borrowed from Portuguese Manaus, after the Manáo, a native Lokono tribe of the Amazon. Manáo is said to mean mother of the gods.
Salvador
From Spanish and Portuguese Salvador, chiefly various placenames honoring Jesus Christ, from Spanish and Portuguese salvador (“savior”), from Latin salvator, from salvāre (“to save”) + -tor (forming agent nouns). In Spanish placenames, frequently a clipping of Spanish San Salvador (“Holy Savior”). Doublet of savior, Salvator, and Salvatore.
natal
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós
Proto-Italic *gnātos
Latin gnātus
Latin nātus
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālis
Latin nātālisbor.
Middle English natal
English natal
From Middle English natal, natale (“native, one’s own; inherited; presiding over birthdays or births”), from Classical Latin nātālis (“natal”), from nātus, perfect active participle of nāscor (“to be born”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-. Doublet of Natal and Noel.
From Portuguese Natal (“Christmas”), because the region in South Africa was discovered by the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama on Christmas Day, 1497. Doublet of natal and Noel.
Aracaju
Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese Aracaju, from Old Tupi Arákaîu, from ará (“macaw”) + akaîu (“cashew”), literally “cashew of the macaw(s)”.
pavement
From Middle English pament, from Anglo-Norman pavement and reinforced by Middle French pavement; both from Latin pavīmentum (“paved surface or floor”), from pavīre (“to beat, to ram, to tread down”). Morphologically pave + -ment.
Basque
Borrowed from French basque, from Gascon Occitan basc, from Latin Vascō, Vascōnēs pl, a pre-Roman era tribe settled in the Atlantic Biscaian gulf and Pyrenean mountain region of south-western Europe, who were ancestors of the current Basque population.
Borrowed from French basque.