MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
pernancy
From Anglo-Norman pernance, from Old French prenance, from prendre, prenre, penre (“to take”), from Latin prendere, prehendere.
trething
From Welsh treth (“an allowance, contribution, tribute, or tax”), trethu (“to rate or tax”).
spongiopilin
From spongio- + Ancient Greek πίλῐνος (pílĭnos, “made of felt”).
picra
From Medieval Latin picra, from Ancient Greek πίκρα (píkra, “a kind of antidote”), from πικρός (pikrós, “sharp, bitter”).
Abu Simbel
Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو سِمْبَل (ʔabū simbal).
purgament
From Latin purgamentum (“offscourings, washings, expiatory sacrifice”). See purge.
kastom
Borrowed from Bislama kastom or Tok Pisin kastom, both from English custom. Doublet of consuetude, costume, and custom.
suillage
From Old French souillage, soillage, from souiller, soiller. See soil (“to stain”), and compare sullage.
childing
From Middle English childing, childinge [and other forms], from childen (“to give birth to a child”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming gerunds from verbs). Equivalent to child + -ing.
From late Middle English childing (“pregnant”), from childen (“to give birth to a child”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming the present participles of verbs, which were often used as adjectives); equivalent to child (verb) + -ing (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘having a specified characteristic, nature, or quality’, and forming the present participles of verbs).
decuman
From Latin decumānus (“of the tenth, and by metonymy, large”), from decem (“ten”).
epiblema
From Ancient Greek ἐπίβλημα (epíblēma, “cover”); ἐπί (epí, “over, upon”) + βάλλω (bállō, “throw”).
asterixis
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek α- (a-, “not”) + στήριξις (stḗrixis, “fixed position”) from Ancient Greek στηρίζω (stērízō, “make fast, fix,support”)
tremella
From the genus name. Derived from Latin tremulus, from the verb tremere (“to tremble”).
chogset
Shortening of cachogset, from an Algonquian language; probably Mohegan-Pequot cachauxet (“conner”).
hexiology
From Ancient Greek ἕξις (héxis, “state or habit”) + -ology. Coined in 1894 by an English naturalist, St. George Jackson Mivart.
displacency
From Latin displacentia, for displicentia, from displicere (“to displease”), from dis- + placere (“to please”). See displease, and compare displeasance.
analogism
From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía) (from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)) + -ism.
acanth-
From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἄκανθος (ákanthos, “thorn plant”), from ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”).
acantho-
From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἄκανθος (ákanthos, “thorn plant”), from ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”).
phasel
From Latin phaselus, phaseolus, from Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “a kind of bean”). Compare French phaséole, faséole, English fesels.
acanthocephalan
From acantho- + Ancient Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”) + -an.
secund
From Latin secundus (“following the course or current of wind or water”). Doublet of second and secundo.
whethersoever
From Middle English queþer-so-ever, weder-so-ever, wheder so ever, wheder-so-ever. By surface analysis, whether + so + ever.
tatouay
From a compound word in a Tupi-Guarani language (compare tatu-ai), of which the first element is ultimately from Old Tupi tatu (“armadillo”). Compare Portuguese tatu, French tatou. The second element (ay or ai) may mean "wound" because of a belief that its fat was used on wounds, or "colored", or "worthless".
retinophora
From retina + Ancient Greek -φόρος (-phóros, “bearer”).
dudhi
From Hindi दूधी (dūdhī), दूदी (dūdī).
secle
From Latin saeculum. Compare French siècle. See secular. Doublet of saeculum.
farlie
From Middle English farli, ferly, ferlich, feorlich (“a wonderful thing, a marvel, a wonder”), from Middle English farli, ferly, verlich, ferlik, ferlic, feorlic (“terrible, marvellous, wonderful”), from Old English fǣrlīċ (“sudden, unexpected, quick, horrible”), equivalent to fear + -ly. Cognate with Scots ferlie (“farlie”), Old Norse ferlíki, ferlíkan (“a monster, abnormality, monstrosity”), Old Norse ferligr (“monstrous”).
dartos
From Latin dartos, from Ancient Greek δαρτός (dartós, “flayed”), from δέρω (dérō, “to skin, to flay”) + -τός (-tós, adjectival suffix).
siderated
From Latin sideratus, past participle of siderari (“to be blasted by a constellation”), from sidus, sideris (“a constellation”).
semined
As if from a verb *semine, ultimately from Latin sēminō (“to plant, sow”), from sēmen (“seed”, whence English semen) + -ō. Doublet of semé and seminate.
penicil
From Latin penicillum, penicillus (“a painter's brush, a roll of lint, a tent for wounds”).
heavenish
From Middle English hevenish, from Old English heofonisċ (“heavenly”), equivalent to heaven + -ish.
bonyad
Borrowed from Iranian Persian بنیاد (bonyâd, “foundation”).
petaurist
From Latin petaurista (“a ropedancer, acrobat”), from Ancient Greek πετευριστής (peteuristḗs), from πετευρίζομαι (peteurízomai, “dance on a rope”), from πέτευρον (péteuron, “a pole, a stage for ropedancers”).
storge
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek στοργή (storgḗ, “affection, love (especially of parents and children)”), from στέργω (stérgō, “to love (chiefly of non-sexual affection); to show affection”) (from Proto-Indo-European *sterg- (“to cover; to protect”)) + -η (-ē, suffix forming action nouns).
Hebreish
From Middle English Hebreisch, from Old English Hebrēisc, Ebrēisc (“Hebrew”), equivalent to Hebrew + -ish. Cognate with Middle High German Hebrēisch (“Hebrew”).
inneth
From Middle English inneth, from Old English inneþ, innaþ, innoþ (“the inner part of the body, inside; entrails, stomach, womb, belly; the intestines, bowels, gut; breast, heart; seat of appetite”), cognate with Old Saxon innethron (“bowels, gut”), Old High German innodi (“belly, bowels”), Old High German innodili (“bowels”).
squiry
From Middle English squierie, that from Old French escuierie, esquierie. See also squire.
lithotrity
From litho- + Latin terere, tritum (“to rub, grind”).
Boyne
From Irish Bóinn.
Perhaps a modern form of Irish Mac Baoithin (“son of Baoithin”), a nickname from baoth (“foolish”).
acra
From Ancient Greek ἀ̆κρᾰ (ăkră), probably back-formed from German Akren as this is more easily encountered and even the English is most likely found in books written by Germans.
Angajala
Borrowed from Telugu అంగజాల (aṅgajāla, “sentinel”).
promerit
From Latin promeritus, past participle of promerere (“to deserve”), from pro (“before”) + merere (“to merit”).
imparlance
Ultimately from Anglo-Norman emparlance, from the verb Old French emparler.
hydrorhiza
hydro- + Ancient Greek ῥίζα (rhíza, “root”).
pettychaps
Uncertain. Probably imitative of the bird’s call, with influence from petty (“small”) and either chap (“jaw; bill of a bird”) or chap (“person”). Alternatively, perhaps directly from petty (in turn from Middle English pety (“tiny”)) and chaps (“jaws”). Attested from the 1670s.
squeamous
From Middle English squaimous, queimous, swaymos, sweymows, partly from Anglo-Norman escoimus, escoymous, of unknown origin (possibly from the English); and partly from Middle English sweme, sweyme, swayme, sqweme (“sorrow, grief, unconsciousness, dizzy spell, faintness”) + -ous. See sweam and sweem.
commigrate
First attested in 1755; borrowed from Latin commigrātus, perfect passive participle of commigrō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). By surface analysis, con- + migrate.
sissoo
From Hindi [Term?] / Urdu [Term?]. Doublet of shisham.
sexangle
From Latin sexangulus (“sexangular”), from sex (“six”) + angulus (“angle”). Compare French sexangle and English hexangular. By surface analysis, sex- + -angle. Piecewise doublet of hexangle.
dictamnus
Borrowed from translingual Dictamnus, from Latin dictamnum. See dittany.
ampliation
From Latin ampliatio. Compare French ampliation. Doublet of ampliatio.
seannachie
From Irish seanchaí and Scottish Gaelic seanchaidh, from Old Irish senchaid.
cipolin
From Italian cipollino (“a little onion”), from cipolla (“onion”) (compare English cibol). So called because its veins consist, like onions, of different strata, one lying upon another.
perigynium
Borrowed from New Latin perigynium, from peri- + Ancient Greek γῠνή (gŭnḗ, “woman”) + -ium.
tectibranchiate
From Latin tectus, past participle of tegere (“to cover”) + branchiate.
prisage
From Old French prisage (“a praising, valuing, taxing”) (compare Latin prisagium (“prisage”)) or from French prise (“a taking, capture, prize”). See prize.
steerless
From Middle English stereles, sterelees, from Old English stēorlēas (“ungovernable, unruly”), equivalent to steer + -less.
paludinous
From Medieval Latin palūdīnōsus (“marshy, swampy”), ultimately from palūs. Sense 2 from translingual Paludina + -ous.
sciniph
From Latin scinifes, cinifes or ciniphes, plural, from Ancient Greek σκνίψ (skníps, “gnat, small fly(, flea?)”), plural σκνῖφες (sknîphes) or σκνῖπες (sknîpes).
paraphragma
From Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) + φράγμα (phrágma, “enclosure”).
bikh
From Hindi बिख (bikh, “poison”), from Sanskrit विष (viṣa, “poison”).
Octapla
From Late Latin Octapla, from Ancient Greek ὀκταπλά (oktaplá), neuter plural of ὀκταπλοῦς (oktaploûs, “eightfold”), from ὀκτα- (okta-, “octa-: eight”) + -πλόος (-plóos, “-fold”), used as the title of such an edition by Origen.
From Late Latin octapla, from Ancient Greek ὀκταπλά (oktaplá), neuter plural of ὀκταπλοῦς (oktaploûs, “eightfold”), from ὀκτα- (okta-, “octa-: eight”) + -πλόος (-plóos, “-fold”), used as the title of such an edition by Origen.
sublevation
From Latin sublevare (“to lift up”), from sub (“under”) + levare (“to lift, raise”). Compare Latin sublevatio (“an allevation”).
metemptosis
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μετέμπτωσις (metémptōsis), from μετεμπίπτω (metempíptō).
dabb lizard
Dabb from Arabic ضَبّ (ḍabb, “spiny-tailed lizard”).
peritrochium
From New Latin peritrochium, from Koine Greek περιτρόχιον (peritrókhion), from Ancient Greek περίτροχος (perítrokhos, “circular”).
spadiceous
From Latin spadix, spadicis (“a date-brown or nut-brown color”). See spadix.
manswear
From Middle English mansweren, from Old English mānswerian (“to forswear, perjure oneself”), from mān (“bad, criminal, false”) + swerian (“to swear”).
sericeous
From Latin sēricus (“silken”), sēricum (“Seric material; silk”), from Sēricus (“belonging to the Seres”): Sērēs, Ancient Greek Σῆρες (Sêres, “a people of Eastern Asia, the modern Chinese, celebrated for their silken fabrics”). Compare silk, serge.
principial
Probably a learned borrowing from Latin prī̆ncipiālis. By surface analysis, principia + -al.
alligator pear
The "alligator" is likely an alteration of Spanish aguacate, perhaps influenced by the similarity in texture between the skin of the fruit and of an alligator.
shepster
From Middle English shepster, shapster, shuppester, equivalent to shape + -ster.
tranation
From Latin tranare, transnare (“to swim over”), from trans (“across, over”) + nare (“to swim”).
palification
From Latin palus (“a stake”) + -ficare (“to make”, in comparative). Compare French palification. See -fy.
phylacter
Borrowed from French phylactère, from Middle French filatiere, philaterie, philatiere, and Old French filatiere, philatiere (“amulet; reliquary; tefilla”), from Late Latin phylacterium (“amulet; reliquary; tefilla”), from Koine Greek φῠλᾰκτήρῐον (phŭlăktḗrĭon, “amulet; tefilla”) (used in the New Testament to translate Hebrew תפילין (“tefillin”)), from Ancient Greek φῠλᾰκτήρῐον (phŭlăktḗrĭon, “fortified outpost, watchman’s post; protection, safeguard”), from φυλακτήρ (phulaktḗr, “guard, watcher”) + -ῐον (-ĭon, suffix forming nouns). Φυλακτήρ (Phulaktḗr) is derived from φυλακ- (phulak-) (the stem of φῠλᾰ́σσω (phŭlắssō, “to guard, watch; to defend, protect”)) + -τήρ (-tḗr, suffix forming masculine agent nouns); and φῠλᾰ́σσω (phŭlắssō) from φῠ́λᾰξ (phŭ́lăx, “guard, sentry”), probably Pre-Greek.
adragant
From French, a corruption of tragacanth. Doublet of tragacanth.
Benzaiten
Borrowed from Japanese 弁才天 (Benzaiten) 弁財天 (Benzaiten).
gada
From Sanskrit गदा (gadā) or Hindi गदा (gadā).
linstock
Corrupted from luntstock, Dutch lontstok, from lont (“lunt”) + stok (“stock, stick”). See link (“a torch”), lunt, and stock.
cholecystis
From Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) + κύστις (kústis, “bladder”).
bandore
From Spanish bandurria, from Latin pandura, pandurium, a musical instrument of three strings, from Ancient Greek πανδοῦρα (pandoûra, “three-stringed lute”). Compare pandore, banjo, mandolin, bandura.
tincal
From Arabic تِنْكَار (tinkār), from Persian تنکار (tankâr), from Sanskrit टांकण (ṭāṃkaṇa). Compare altincar and tincar.
syringocoele
From syrinx + Ancient Greek κοῖλος (koîlos, “hollow”).
confeder
Inherited from Middle English confederen (“to confederate; to organize a conspiracy”), borrowed from Old French confederer or directly from Late Latin confoederō. Doublet of confederate.
sinopite
From French [Term?], from Latin sinopis (terra) (“a red earth or ocher found in Sinope”), from Sinope (“a town in Paphlagoma, on the Black Sea”).
thible
Inherited from Northern Middle English thyvelle, perhaps from Old English þȳfel (“thicket”) through an intermediate sense of "whisk".
geognostic
From German geognostisch, equivalent to geo- + gnostic.
geomantic
From Latin geōmanticus. By surface analysis, geo- + -mantic.
prestimony
From Latin praestimonium, from praestare (“to furnish, supply”). Compare French prestimonie. See prest (noun).
glunch
Borrowed from Scots glunch, of uncertain origin, possibly an alteration of glum or glump.
physiogeny
Simplified learned borrowing from German Physiontogenie, itself from physio- + Ontogenie; equivalent to a reduction of physio- + ontogeny to physio- (“nature”) + -geny (“origin”). The simplification means that the term is also used to translate German Physiogenie, the distinction between Physiontogenie and Physiogenie not being made in English.
ptilosis
Borrowed from New Latin ptilōsis, from the Ancient Greek πτῐ́λωσῐς (ptĭ́lōsĭs).
stelography
From Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “post, slab, pillar”) + -graphy.
reddition
From Latin redditio, from reddere (“to give back, to return”). Compare French reddition. See render and rendition.
swaip
From Middle English swaipen (“to strike, scourge”), from Old Norse sveipa (“to sweep, stroke”) and/or Old English swāpan (“to sweep”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *swaipaną (“to sweep, swing, hurl, fling”). Doublet of swoop.
eventerate
Likely a "relatinized" calque of French éventrer, from Latin ē(x)- (“out”) + Latin venter (“belly”, ventr- in compounds) + -ate (verb-forming suffix); this should have given *eventrate, compare its obsolete doublet eventrate and orienate.
suffossion
From Latin suffossio, from suffodere, suffossum (“to dig under”), from sub (“under”) + fodere (“to dig”).
subreption
From Latin subreptio, from subripere, subreptum (“to snatch or take away secretly”). Compare French subreption. See surreptitious, surreptition.
chowchow
Borrowed from Chinese Pidgin English chow-chow (“food”). Compare Macanese chau-cháu.
waterly
From Middle English watirly, from Old English wæterlīċ (“aquatic”), equivalent to water + -ly.
Fructidorian
From Fructidor + -ian, calque of French fructidorien.
turpin
From Old French [Term?], of Germanic origin: Tur (“god or divine”) + pin (“evergreen tree”).
surview
From Middle English survewe, from Old French surveoir, sorveoir (“to look (down) at, look upon, notice; guard, watch”); equivalent to sur- + view.
overlabour
From Middle English over-labouren, equivalent to over- + labour (verb).
solutive
From Medieval Latin solutivus, from Latin solutus (the past participle of solvere) + -ive (from the Latin suffix -ivus). Compare French solutif.
crossette
Borrowed from French crossette, diminutive of crosse. See crosier.
adrogation
From Latin adrogatio, arrogatio, from adrogare. See arrogate.
frumple
From Middle English frumplen, cognate with Dutch frommelen (“to wrinkle”). Related to frump, frumpy, frumpish.
From Middle English frumpil, frumpylle, from the verb (above).
fromward
From Middle English fromward, framward, from Old English framweard (“about to depart, departing, doomed to die; with his back turned”, adjective) and framweardes (“away from”, adverb), equivalent to from + -ward. Compare froward.
Lapalissian
From Jacques de la Palice (a French nobleman and military officer) + -ian. His epitaph, carrying the words “if he weren't dead, he would still be envied” (French s'il n'était pas mort, il ferait encore envie), was misread as the truism “if he weren't dead, he would still be alive” (s'il n'était pas mort, il ſerait encore en vie).
skeuomorphism
From Ancient Greek σκεῦος (skeûos, “implement”) + -morphism, or skeuomorph + -ism.
Fukurokuju
Borrowed from Japanese 福禄寿 (Fukurokuju), from Middle Chinese 福 (pjuwk, “fortune”) + 祿 (luwk, “blessings”) + 壽 (dzyuwX/dzyuwH, “longevity”).
tenside
Derived from Latin tēnsiō, tēnsiōnem. Cognate English tension.
rickle
From Scots rickle, from Old English hrēac (“stack”) with the Scots suffix -le (“full (of)”).
stercoranism
From Medieval Latin stercoranista + -ism (“forming the names of schools of thought”), from stercor- (“dung, excrement”) + -anista, from root of stercus (“dung, excrement”) + suffixal construction from -ānus (“of, pertaining to”) + -ista (“one who practices or believes”).
chebacco
From Chebacco, the former name of Essex, a town in Massachusetts where such vessels were built, and the still current name of bodies of water in its environment. The town's name derives from Agawam, an Eastern Algonquian language.
solwy
From Middle English solwi (also solowe), from Old English *solwiġ (“miry”), from solwe, the oblique form of Old English solu (“mud, mire”). More at soil.
ischio-
Combining form of Ancient Greek ἰσχίον (iskhíon, “ischium”).
bechic
From French béchique or its source Latin bēchicus (“of or for a cough”), from Ancient Greek βηχικός (bēkhikós, “of or for a cough”), from βηχ- (bēkh-), oblique stem of βήξ (bḗx, “cough”).
chatellany
From French châtellenie, from Old French chastelenie, from chastelain + -ie, from Latin castellānus, from castellum + -ānus, from castrum (“fort”) + -lum (diminutive suffix). Doublet of castellany.
ubication
Borrowed from New Latin ubicātiō (“location”) (whence Portuguese ubicação and Spanish ubicación; compare the inflected forms ubicātiōnis, ubicātiōnī, etc.) + -ion. Ubicātiō is derived from Latin ubicātus (“located”) + -iō (suffix forming abstract nouns); while ubicātus is a past participial form of ubicō (“to situate”) (found in British works from the 14th century), from ubi (“where”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷ- (primary interrogative root)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs). By surface analysis, ubicate + -ion (ubicate is probably a back-formation from ubication).
Later occurrences are influenced by Spanish ubicación, hence their use chiefly in Spanish contexts.
abbotess
From Middle English abbodesse, from Old English abbadisse, abbodyse, from Medieval Latin abbātissa; equivalent to abbot + -ess.
group of death
Calque of Spanish grupo de la muerte. Coined before or during the 1970 FIFA World Cup.
terma
From Tibetan གཏེར་མ (gter ma, “hidden treasure”).
salebrous
From Latin salebrōsus, from salebra (“a rugged road”), from salire (“to leap”).
rodomontado
Partly from Italian rodomontata (with change of suffix), partly an alteration of rodomontade, after -ado. Compare rodomontade.
inamorate
First attested in 1602; borrowed from Latin inamōrātus, perfect passive participle of inamōrō (“to enamour”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from in- (“in”) + amor (“love”). Doublet of enamour and enamoured.
cordonnet
Borrowed from French cordonnet, diminutive of cordon. See cardon.
bonduc
From French bonduc, from Arabic بُنْدُق (bunduq, “hazelnut, pebble, bullet”), from Middle Persian 𐭯𐭭𐭣𐭪 (pondik, “hazelnut”), from Ancient Greek Ποντικόν κάρυον (Pontikón káruon, “Pontic nut”). Doublet of bundook.
punction
From Middle English punccioun, from Latin pūnctiō, pūnctiōn-. Doublet of puncheon.
pereion
Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek περαιόω (peraióō, “to transport”), so called from the location of the legs on the thorax.
Alternatively, from περί (perí, “around”) + ἰέναι (iénai, “to go”).
pernicity
From pernic(ious) + -ity, from Latin pernicitas. See pernicious.
mynchen
From Middle English mynchen, from Old English mynecen, from munec (“monk”). See monk.
gromwell
Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray millet, all probably from French grémil. Compare Welsh cromandi.
arbalister
From Middle English arblaster et al., from Old French arblastere, arbalestier. See arbalest.
entheate
From Latin entheātus (“divinely inspired”), from Ancient Greek ἔνθεος (éntheos, “inspired, possessed by (a) god”) + -ātus.
epistolic
From Latin epistolicus, from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολικός (epistolikós, “suited to or in the style of a letter”).
melomaniac
From melo- (prefix meaning “music”) (from Ancient Greek μέλος (mélos, “song; melody, tune”)) + -maniac (from French maniaque, from Late Latin maniacus, from Ancient Greek μανιακός (maniakós), an adjectival form of μανία (manía, “madness; mad desire, compulsion”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”)).
lordless
From Middle English lordles, loverdles, from Old English hlāfordlēas, equivalent to lord + -less.
calfless
From Middle English calflees; equivalent to calf (“young cow”) + -less.
jusi
From Philippine Spanish jusi, ultimately from Hokkien, possibly either:
* 富紗 /富纱 (hù se, literally “rich yarn”) or 富絲 /富丝 (hù si, literally “rich silk”), according to Chan-Yap(1980)
* 互紗 /互纱 (hō͘ se, literally “intertwining yarn”), according to Manuel(1948)
Compare Tagalog husi, Central Bikol husi, Cebuano husi, and Hiligaynon husi.
mesdemet
Borrowed from Egyptian msdmt, where the vowels are uncertain; they are added on the basis of the conventional Egyptological pronunciation. Compare Coptic ⲥⲧⲏⲙ (stēm).
meltemi
from Greek μελτέμι (meltémi), from Turkish meltem
aitu
Borrowed from a Polynesian language, from Proto-Polynesian *qaitu.
besow
From Middle English besowen, bisawen, from Old English besāwan (“to sow, sow about”); equivalent to be- + sow. Cognate with Middle High German besǣjen (“to besow”).
beshield
From Middle English bischilden, from Old English besċyldian, besċieldian (“to shield, defend”); equivalent to be- + shield.
bewallow
From Middle English biwalwien, from Old English bewealwian (“to wallow, wallow around”), equivalent to be- + wallow.
over-old
From Old English ofereald, corresponding to over- + old. Cognate with Dutch overoud, German überalt.
beturn
From Middle English biturnen, from Old English *beturnian, betyrnan (“to turn around; bend the knee, prostrate oneself”), equivalent to be- + turn.
forleave
From Middle English forleven; equivalent to for- + leave. Compare Old High German firleiban.
forlead
From Middle English forleden, from Old English forlǣdan (“to mislead, seduce; lead off and away”), from Proto-West Germanic *fralaidijan, equivalent to for- + lead. Cognate with Dutch verleiden (“to seduce, tempt, entice”), German verleiten (“entice, mislead”), Old Saxon farlēdian.
bird of passage
Probably a calque of Middle French oiseau de passage: oiseau (“bird”), passage (“part of a journey or route, passage”).
overleave
From Middle English overleven, from Old English oferlǣfan (“to leave over; be left over, remain”), equivalent to over- + leave.
forjudge
From Middle English forjugen; in sense 1, from Old French fourjugier (“to judge illegally, dispossess”); in sense 2, from Middle English for- + jugen (“to judge”), equivalent to for- + judge. Compare fordeem.
fordeem
From Middle English fordemen, from Old English fordēman (“to condemn, sentence, doom; prejudice; decide”), from Proto-Germanic *fradōmijaną (“to condemn, damn”). By surface analysis, for- + deem. Cognate with Old High German fortuomen,
furtuomen, Icelandic fordæma (“to condemn”), Dutch verdoemen.
bucksome
From Middle English buxum, buhsum (“flexible, bendsome”). Often analysed, due to confusion with the verb buck (“to spring, buckle, kick violently”) and buck (“he-goat”), as though from buck + -some. Doublet of buxom.
withsaw
From Middle English withsawe, withsahe, withsau, from Old English *wiþsagu (“renunciation, contradiction”); equivalent to with- + saw (“saying”).