MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
stour
From Middle English store, stoor, stour (“tall, powerful”), from Old English stōr (“tall, great, mighty, strong”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōr, from Proto-Germanic *stōraz, *stōrijaz (“great, big, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *stā-r-, *stō-r- (“steadfast, firm; standing tall; big, bulky”).
Cognates
Akin to Scots stour (“tall, large, great, stout”), Saterland Frisian stor (“great, many”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian stor (“large, great”), Icelandic stórr (“large, tall”), Polish stary (“old, ancient”), Albanian stër- (“big, huge”). Compare also stoor, steer, stately.
From Middle English stoure, stourre, from Old Norse staurr (“a stake, pale”), from Proto-Germanic *stauraz (“pole, support”), from Proto-Indo-European *stā- (“to stand, place”). Cognate with Icelandic staur (“a stake, pole”), Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós, “a stake, cross”).
From Middle English stour, stor (“conflict”) from Anglo-Norman estur (“conflict, struggle”), from Old French estour, estor, estorme, estourmie, estormie (“battle, assault, conflict, tumult”), from Vulgar Latin *estorma, *storma (“battle, conflict, storm”), from Frankish *sturm (“storm, commotion, battle”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”). Akin to Old High German sturm (“battle, storm”). More at storm.
Most of the rivers' names are from the root of stour (“powerful, tall, large”), though some may have been borrowed through and influenced by Celtic (compare Welsh dŵr (“water”).
flippant
1595, from Northern English dialectal flippand (“prattling, babbling, glib”), present participle of flip (“to babble”), of North Germanic origin. Cognate with Icelandic fleipa (“to babble, prattle”), Swedish dialectal flepa (“to talk nonsense”). Alteration of -and suffix (a variant of the participial -ing) to -ant probably due to influence from words in -ant.
caricature
From French caricature, from Italian caricatura, ultimately from Latin carrus, and so not related to character, which is instead ultimately from Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “type, nature, character”).
unseemly
From Middle English unsemli, probably a partial calque of Old Norse úsǽmiligr (“unseemly”); equivalent to un- + seemly. Cognate with Icelandic ósæmileg (“offensive”), Norwegian usømmelig (“unseemly”), Danish usømmelig (“unseemly”), German unziemlich.
cheesecake
From Middle English chesekake; equivalent to cheese + cake. Compare chess cake.
supine
The adjective is borrowed from Latin supīnus, from *sup- (see sub (“under”)) + -īnus (“of, pertaining to”). The word is cognate with Catalan supí, Italian supino, Old French sovin, Middle French souvin, Anglo-Norman supin, Old Occitan sobin, sopin, Portuguese supino, Spanish supino. Partly displaced Old English upweard (“upward, supine”), whence Modern English upward.
The noun is from Late Middle English supin (“supine of a Latin verb”) or Middle French supin (“(grammar) supine”), from Latin supīnum, (ellipsis of supīnum verbum (“supine verb”)), from supīnus; further etymology above.
throe
The noun is probably derived partly:
* from Middle English throu, throwe (“(chiefly in the plural) uterine contraction during the birth of a child; pain experienced while giving birth; suffering; a pain; emotional distress, anxiety”) [and other forms], perhaps from:
** Old English þrawu (rare), a variant of þrēa (“affliction, torment; disaster; oppression; a rebuke; severity; threat”), from Proto-West Germanic *þrau, from Proto-Germanic *þrawō (“longing; suffering”), from Proto-Indo-European *trewh₁-; and
** Old English þrōwian (“to endure, suffer”), from Proto-Germanic *þrōwijaną, probably from *þrawō (see above); and
** Old Norse þrá (“longing, yearning”), from Proto-Germanic *þrawō (see above); and
* from Middle English throuen (“to endure distress, suffer; to be ill, to have a fever; to suffer (death, hardship, illness, punishment, etc.); to endure (sadness, hard work, etc.)”) [and other forms], from Old English þrōwian (see above).
The current spelling of the word is a 16th-century variant of Middle English throu, throwe, perhaps to avoid confusion with throw (“act of turning or twisting; fit of bad temper or peevishness; look of anger, bad temper, irritation, etc., a grimace”).
The verb is derived:
* from the noun; and
* perhaps from Middle English throuen (verb) (see above).
weathercock
From Middle English wetharcoke, weþercok, wedercoc, wederkok, equivalent to weather + cock.
possibilism
Borrowed from French possibilisme. By surface analysis, Latin possibil|is, ~e (“that can be done”) + -ism, from Latin po|ssum, ~(te)sse, ~tuī (“be able”) + -ibil|is, ~e (“-able”). First attested in 1883.
hypernym
From hyper- (“over”) + -nym (“name”). From Ancient Greek roots; compare Latinate “superordinate term”.
wedding ring
From Middle English wedding ring, wedding ryng, weddynge rynge, weddyng ryng.
propitiate
From Latin propitiāt-, the past participial stem of propitiāre (“make favourable”), from propitius (“favourable, gracious”).
demimonde
Borrowed from French demi-monde (literally “half-world”), from demi (“half”) + monde (“world; people”); possibly coined by French author and playwright Alexandre Dumas fils as the title of a comedic play, Le Demi Monde (1855): see the quotation from 1864.
devil dog
Calque of German Teufelshund (“hound of Hell”, literally “Devil's hound”).
designate
Borrowed from Latin dēsignātus, perfect passive participle of designō, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of design.
newly
From Middle English newly, newely, neweliche, from Old English nīewlīċe (“newly”), equivalent to new + -ly. Compare Dutch nieuwelijks, German neulich, Danish nylig, Icelandic nýlega. More at new, -ly.
willow
From Middle English wilwe, welew, variant of wilghe, from Old English welig, from Proto-West Germanic *wilig, from Proto-Germanic *wiligaz, from Proto-Indo-European *welik- (compare (Arcadian) Ancient Greek ἑλίκη (helíkē), Hittite 𒌑𒂖𒆪 (welku, “grass”)), from *wel- (“twist, turn”).
plurality
From plural + -ity, from Middle English pluralite, from Old French pluralité (“multitude, state of being plural”), from Latin plūrālitās.
sheik
From Arabic شَيْخ (šayḵ, “elder”). Sense 4 (“a romantic lover”) is from the 1921 film The Sheik.
congruent
From Middle English congruent, from Latin congruēns, present active participle of congruō (“meet together, agree”).
congruous
From Middle English [Term?], from Latin congruus, from congruō (“to coincide with; to agree”).
bollock
From Middle English ballok, from Old English bealluc (“testicle”, literally “little ball”). By surface analysis, ball + -ock.
hitch
Probably from Middle English hicchen, hytchen, icchen (“to move; to move as with a jerk”), of obscure origin. Lacks cognates in other languages. Compare itch, hike.
tuck
From Middle English tuken, touken (“to torment, to stretch (cloth)”), from Old English tūcian (“to torment, vex”) and Middle Dutch tucken (“to tuck”), both from Proto-Germanic *teuh-, *teug- (“to draw, pull”) (compare also *tukkōną), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to pull”). Akin to Old High German zucchen (“to snatch, tug”), zuchôn (“to jerk”), German Low German tuken (“to tug, pluck, grab and pull towards”), Old English tēon (“to draw, pull, train”). Doublet of touch.
spunk
1530, blend of spark + funk (obsolete, “spark”).
Funk (“spark, touchwood”) is from Middle English funke, fonke (“spark”), from Old English *funca (“spark”), from Proto-West Germanic *funkō, from Proto-Germanic *funkô (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peng- (“to shine”), and is akin to Middle Low German funke, fanke (“spark”), Middle Dutch vonke (“spark”), Old High German funcho, funko (“spark”), German Funke (“spark”).
indignant
Borrowed from Latin indignāns, present participle of indignor (“to consider as unworthy, be angry or displeased at”), from in- (“privative”) + dignor (“to deem worthy”), from dignus (“worthy”).
intuition
From Middle French intuition, from Medieval Latin intuitiō (“a looking at, immediate cognition”), from Latin intueor (“to look at, consider”), from in- (“in, on”) + tueor (“to look, watch, guard, see, observe”). Equivalent to intuit + -ion.
binnacle
Corruption of earlier bittacle, from French habitacle. Or from obsolete Spanish or Portuguese bitácula, both from Late Latin habitāculum (“little dwelling place”). Compare modern Spanish bitácora.
bireme
Learned borrowing from Latin birēmis.
Borrowed from Portuguese BIREME.
susurrus
Borrowed from Latin susurrus (“a humming, whispering”); reduplication of imitative Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to buzz, hum”).
rayon
Name chosen by the National Retail Dry Goods Association of America, probably from French rayon (“a beam of light, ray”) and so called because it is shiny; however, the Oxford English Dictionary states that it is apparently a blend of ray + cotton.
From Middle French rayon [1539], from Old French rai (whence English ray), from Latin rādius (whence English radius).
Anglicization of Spanish Rayón.
chthonic
From Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn, “ground, soil”) + -ic.
muid
Borrowed from French muid, from Latin modius. Doublet of modius and mud.
effulgent
From Latin effulgēns (“flashing, glittering”), present participle of effulgeō (“to shine or gleam forth, flash, glitter”), from ē- (variant of ex- (prefix meaning ‘out; away’)) + fulgeō (“to flash, gleam, glisten, glitter, shine”) (from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“shiny; white”)). By surface analysis, ef- + Latin fulg(ere) + -ent.
disjunctive
From Middle English disjunctief, disjunctyf, from Middle French disjunctif and Latin disjunctīvus (“placed in opposition”).
bitts
From Middle English, probably of Low German or North Germanic origin, and the English form a corruption or contraction, from Old Norse biti, probably ultimately from a variant of Proto-Germanic *bitiz. Compare Swedish beting and Danish beding.
crapulence
From crapulent + -ence, from Latin crapula (“excessive drinking, intoxication”).
brahmin
Borrowed from Middle French bramine, from obsolete Portuguese bramine, from Sanskrit ब्राह्मण (brā́hmaṇa); modern French brahmane, Portuguese brâmane are readjusted after Sanskrit. Doublet of Brahmana.
neta
Borrowed from Hindi नेता (netā, “leader”).
From Japanese ネタ (neta).
misbehave
From Middle English misbehaven, equivalent to mis- + behave.
dort
From Middle English dort (found in compound cankerdort), of unknown origin.
* As a German surname, from Dorten, a metronymic from Dorothea (see Dorothy).
* As a Dutch surname, shortened form of a placename Dordrecht.
wo
From Middle English wough, woh, wouh, from Old English wāh, wāg (“a wall, partition”), from Proto-West Germanic *waig, from Proto-Germanic *waigaz (“wall”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend, twist”). Cognate with Scots wauch, vauch.
dilute
From Latin dīlūtus, from dīluere (“to wash away, dissolve, cause to melt, dilute”), from dī-, dis- (“away, apart”) + luere (“to wash”). See lave, and compare deluge.
solvent
From French solvent, from Latin solventem, accusative singular of solvens, present participle of solvō. By surface analysis, solv(e) + -ent.
dangle
Uncertain, but likely of North Germanic origin, akin to Danish dingle, dangle, Swedish dangla (“to swing about”), Norwegian dangla, perhaps via North Frisian dangeln; all possibly related to Old Norse dengja (“to hit”).
contraband
From Spanish contrabanda (modern spelling contrabando), from Italian contrabando (modern spelling contrabbando), from contra (“against”) + bando (“ban”), and reinforced by French contrebande.
prohibit
From Middle English prohibiten, from Latin prohibeō (“to fend off, prevent, prohibit”) (through past participle prohibitus).
prohibition
From Anglo-Norman and Old French prohibicion, from Latin prohibitiō. By surface analysis, prohibit + -ion.
irksome
From Middle English irkesome, irksum, equivalent to irk + -some, or perhaps continuing (in altered form) from Old English weorcsum (“painful, hurtful”).
okonomiyaki
Borrowed from Japanese お好み焼き (okonomiyaki, literally “grilling to your liking”).
rattle
From Middle English ratelen, of uncertain origin; perhaps borrowed from Middle Dutch ratelen or of native origin related to Old English hratele, hrætele (“a plant known for its rustling or rattling sound”), ultimately imitative. The noun (c. 1500) is from the verb.
From Arabic رَطْل (raṭl), variant of classical رِطْل (riṭl), ultimately from Ancient Greek λίτρα (lítra). Doublet of liter.
carr
From Middle English kerr and Middle English carr meaning meadow, field or grassland of a low lying variety; possibly related to Old Norse kjarr. Compare Swedish kärr, Icelandic kjarr.
From Northumbrian Old English carr; possibly adopted from a Cumbric *carreg, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er- (“hard”).
* As an English and Scottish surname, variant of Kerr.
* As an Irish surname, from the root of the surname Keary, from ciar (“black”); compare Carey.
* Also as an Irish surname, named after a priest Cathair (compare cathair (“fort”))
* Also as an Irish surname, from a personal name derived from corr (“pointed, projected point”).
domesticate
First attested in 1620; either borrowed from Middle French domestiquer (Modern French domestiquer) or directly from Medieval Latin domesticātus, perfect passive participle of domesticō (“to domesticate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). By surface analysis, domestic + -ate.
First attested in 1860; borrowed from Medieval Latin domesticātus (“domesticated”), see Etymology 1 and -ate (noun-forming suffix).
punt
From Old English punt, from Latin pontō (“Gaulish flat-bottomed boat, pontoon”), from pons (“bridge”); readopted from Middle Low German punte (“ferry boat”) or Middle Dutch ponte (“ferry boat”) of the same origin.
Borrowed from French pointe or Spanish punto (“point”). Doublet of point, pointe, ponto, puncto, punctum, and punto.
Borrowed from Irish punt, from Middle English pund. Doublet of funt, pfund, pood, and pound.
From Egyptian p-wn:n-t:N25 (pwnt).
gurdwara
From Punjabi ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ (gurduārā), ਗੁਰਦਵਾਰਾ (gurdavārā).
cyano-
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κῠ́ᾰνος (kŭ́ănos)
Ancient Greek -εος (-eos)
Ancient Greek κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos)der.
English cyano-
From Ancient Greek κυάνεος (kuáneos, “dark blue”).
Kermit
Variant of English and Manx Kermode, cognate with Irish Mac Diarmata and Scots Gaelic McDiarmid (“son of Dermot”). Popularized in the US by the naming of Kermit Roosevelt (after a Manx ancestor). The computing sense is named after the Sesame Street character, but later provided with a backronym ("KL10 Error-Free Reciprocal Microprocessor Interchange over TTY").
grocery
From Middle English grocerye, equivalent to grocer + -y. Compare gross. Doublet of groceria.
Mervyn
Welsh Merfyn, probably from mer (“marrow”) (from Proto-Brythonic *mer) + myn (“eminent”) (compare Irish mín (“smooth, elegant, courteous”)).
whichever
From Middle English qwichever, whiche ever, whiche evere, which ever, which evere; equivalent to which + ever.
pullet
From Middle English polet, pulet, from Anglo-Norman pullet, Old French poulet (“young chicken”); polette (“young hen”), from poule (“hen”), from Vulgar Latin pulla, feminine form of pullus. Doublet of poult. Compare also Middle English pulle. By surface analysis, pull(us) + -et.
fratricide
From Middle French fratricide or its etymon Latin frātricīdium.
From Middle English fratricide, from Middle French fratricide or its etymon Latin frātricīda.
inhibit
From Latin inhibitus, perfect passive participle of inhibeō (“to hold in, check, restrain”), from in (“in, at, on”), + habeō (“to have, hold, keep”).
diglossia
From Latin diglōssia. In linguistics introduced 1959 by Charles A. Ferguson, based on French diglossie, from Ancient Greek δίγλωσσος (díglōssos, “bilingual”) + -ία (-ía). Equivalent to di- + -glossia.
wedlock
From Middle English wedlok, wedlocke (“wedlock, marriage, matrimony”), from Old English wedlāc (“marriage vow, pledge, plighted troth, wedlock”). By surface analysis, wed + -lock.
touse
From Middle English tousen, tusen, from Old English *tūsian, from Proto-West Germanic *tūsōn. Cognate with German zausen (“to tousle”). Related also to English tease and toase.
(a noisy disturbance): Compare typologically Russian раздра́й (razdráj) (<… драть (dratʹ)).
gribble
Uncertain. Compare grub, from Proto-Germanic *grub- (“to dig”).
ard
Borrowed from Norwegian ard (“plough”), from Old Norse arðr, from Proto-Germanic *arþrą (“plough”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough”), whence also Latin aratrum.
A Scottish habitational name from any of several places called Aird, whose names in turn derive from Scottish Gaelic àird (“promontory, height”) or àirde (“height”), from àrd (“high”).
sola
From Hindi सोला (solā, “the plant Aeschynomene aspera”), from Bengali শোলা (śōla).
Borrowed from Norwegian Sola.
macro
From macro-, from French, from Latin, ulimately from Ancient Greek μακρός (makrós, “long”).
weir
From Middle English were, from Old English wer, from werian (“to dam up”), from Proto-West Germanic *warjan, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover”); Cognate with Old Norse ver (“station for fishing”), Sanskrit वृणोति (vṛṇóti). Related to warranty.
aperient
Attested since the early 17th century, from Latin aperiens, present participle of aperire (“to open”).
narthex
From Ancient Greek νάρθηξ (nárthēx, “giant fennel; casket”), a Pre-Greek word, as suggested by the suffix. See also νάρδος (nárdos, “nard”).
vestibule
Early 17th century, borrowed from French vestibule (“entrance court”), from Latin vestibulum (“forecourt, entrance court; entrance”), from vestiō (“to dress, clothe, vest”) + -bulum (“place, location”, nominal suffix). Doublet of vestibulum.
sabot
Early 17th century, borrowed from Middle French sabot (see French sabot below). Doublet of sabaton and ciabatta.
jurat
From Medieval Latin iūrātus (“sworn [man]”) or iūrātum (“[that which is] sworn”), from Latin iūrō (“to swear an oath”). As a medieval office, via French jurat, via Occitan juré.
certificate
The noun is from Middle English certificat, certificate, sertyfycat, from Middle French certificat or its etymon Medieval Latin certificātum. The verb is from the noun. The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin certificātus.
urn
From Middle English urne, from Old French urne, from Latin urna (“vessel”). Doublet of urna.
witness
From Middle English witnesse, from Old English ġewitnes, equivalent to wit + -ness. Cognate with Middle Dutch wetenisse (“witness, testimony”), Old High German gewiznessi (“testimony”), Icelandic vitni (“witness”).
ridge
From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).
Cognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”).
From ridge. Originating from Middle English.
converge
From Latin convergere, from con- (“together”) + vergere (“to bend”).
diverge
From Medieval Latin dīvergō (“bend away from, go in a different direction”), from Latin dī- + vergō (“bend”).
pill
From Middle English pille (also pillem), a borrowing from Middle Low German pille or Middle Dutch pille (whence Dutch pil), probably from Latin pila, pilula.
* (persuade or convince): Generalized from red pill.
From Middle English pillen, pilen, from Old English pilian (“to peel”), from Latin pilō (“depilate”), from pilus (“hair”). Doublet of peel.
From Middle English *pill, *pyll, from Old English pyll (“a pool, pill”), from Proto-Germanic *pullijaz (“small pool, ditch, creek”), diminutive of Proto-Germanic *pullaz (“pool, stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *bl̥nos (“bog, marsh”). Cognate with Old English pull (“pool, creek”), Scots poll (“slow moving stream, creek, inlet”), Icelandic pollur (“pond, pool, puddle”). More at pool.
From the common Welsh placename element Pil meaning "tidal pool, harbor," itself borrowed from English pill (“tidal creek”).
prolong
Either a back-formation from prolongation, or from Old French prolonguer or porloignier, from Latin prōlongō, from prō + longō. Doublet of purloin.
goblet
From Middle English goblet (= Middle Low German gobelet, kobelet (“goblet”)), from Old French gobellet, diminutive of gobel, from or related to the verb gober (“to ingest”).
splendor
From Anglo-Norman splendur, splendour, or directly from its source Latin splendor, from the verb splendeō (“to shine”).
whoreson
From Middle English horesone, hureson (also horessone, hores sone). Compare Dutch hoerenzoon, German Hurensohn (“whoreson”) and French fils de pute. By surface analysis, whore + son.
nullius filius
Borrowed from Medieval Latin nullius filius (“nobody's son”), from Latin nullius + filius.
suave
From Middle English suave, borrowed from Latin suāvis (“sweet, pleasant”); doublet of sweet. First attested in the early 15th century.
Blume
* As a German surname, from German Blume.
* As a Swedish surname, variant of Blom.
subdue
From Middle English subdewen, subduen, sodewen, from Old French souduire, from Latin subdūcō (“to draw away”), perhaps influenced by subdō (“to subdue, subject”).
vulva
Learned borrowing from Latin vulva, earlier volva (“womb, female sexual organ”), probably from volvō (“to turn, wrap around”). Akin to Sanskrit उल्ब॑ (úlba) and उल्व॑ (úlva, “womb”) or English valve, valva and other descendants of the Latin term (evolve, involve, revolve).
Kopf
German surname, borrowed from German Kopf (see below). Compare Koepf.
verdure
Inherited from Middle English verdure, from Middle French verdure, from Old French verdure, from Late Latin *viridūra, from viridis (“green”) + -ūra (abstract noun-forming suffix).
tremor
From Middle English tremour (“fright”), from Anglo-Norman tremour and Old French tremor, from Latin tremor.
tremble
From Middle English tremblen, from Old French trembler, from Late Latin tremulāre, ultimately from Latin tremere (“quiver, shake”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τρέμω (trémō).
seedy
From Middle English sedy, equivalent to seed + -y.
The senses with negative connotation, first attested by 1725 in slang, originally especially “poor, out of money”, probably arose from the metaphor of a flower that has gone to seed, and is no longer considered beautiful. From there the word came to be used to describe unwell or past-their-prime people, and parallelly run-down places and by extension low-income or crime-affected urban areas. Compare the figurative expressions go to seed (by 1817), etc., originally in reference to plants, “cease flowering as seeds develop”.
outlandish
The adjective is derived from Middle English outlandisch, outlondish (“foreign”), from Old English ūtlendisċ (“foreign; strange, outlandish”), from Proto-West Germanic *ūtlandisk, from Proto-Germanic *ūtlandiskaz, from *ūtlandą (“(adjective) alien, foreign; relating to outlying land; (noun) foreign land; outlying land”) + *-iskaz (suffix forming adjectives from nouns with the sense ‘characteristic of; pertaining to’). *Ūtlandą is derived from *ūt- (suffix meaning ‘beyond; external to, on the outside of’) (from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“away; out, outward; upwards”)) + *landą (“area of ground, land”) (from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“heath; land”)). By surface analysis, outland + -ish. The noun is derived from the adjective.
Cognates
* Danish udenlandsk (“foreign, non-domestic”)
* Dutch uitlands (dated) (now buitenlands (“foreign, non-domestic”)), Dutch uitlandig (“absent from the home country”) (now chiefly Suriname)
* Faroese útlendskur (“foreign, non-domestic”)
* German ausländisch (“foreign, non-domestic”)
* Icelandic útlenskur (“foreign”)
* Swedish utländsk (“foreign, non-domestic”)
sledge
From Middle English slegge, from Old English sleċġ (“sledgehammer; mallet”), from Proto-Germanic *slagjǭ. Cognate with Dutch slegge (“sledge”), Swedish slägga (“sledge”), Norwegian Bokmål slegge (“sledge”), Norwegian Nynorsk sleggje (“sledge”), Icelandic sleggja (“sledge”), German Schlägel.
Dialectal Dutch sleedse, from Middle Dutch sleedse, from the root of sled.
taekwondo
Borrowed from Korean 태권도(跆拳道) (taegwondo).
tae kwon do
Borrowed from Korean 태권도(跆拳道) (taegwondo).