MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
aardvark
Borrowed from Afrikaans aardvark (now rare), erdvark, from aarde (“earth”, from Middle Dutch aerde) + vark (“pig”, from Middle Dutch varken). Early European colonists in South Africa noticed that the animal was similar to a pig, while aarde hints at the animal's habit of burrowing.
aardwolf
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-der.
Proto-Germanic *erþō
Proto-West Germanic *erþu
Old Dutch ertha
Middle Dutch āerde
Dutch aarde
Afrikaans aarde
Proto-Indo-European *wl̥kʷós?
Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos
Proto-Germanic *wulfaz
Proto-West Germanic *wulf
Old Dutch *wulf
Middle Dutch wolf
Dutch wolf
Afrikaans wolf
Afrikaans aardwolfbor.
Dutch aardwolfbor.
English aardwolf
Borrowed from South African Dutch aardwolf (whence Afrikaans aardwolf), from aard- (prefix meaning ‘earth’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er- (“earth”), probably from the fact that the animal rests in burrows in the ground during the day) + wolf (“wolf”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)), influenced by English wolf (the second element of aardwolf is pronounced like that word, and one plural form is aardwolves; the Dutch plural form is aardwolven).
ab-
From Latin ab-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”) (English off, of). Doublet of apo- and off-.
abacinate
From Late Latin abacinātus, perfect passive participle of abacinō; possibly formed from ab (“off”) + bacīnum (“a basin”) or bacīnus. Probably cognate with modern Italian abbacinare (“to dazzle”).
abaciscus
From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀβακίσκος (abakískos, “a coloured stone for laying mosaic”), diminutive of ἄβαξ (ábax, “board”). See abacus.
abacist
From Middle English abaciste, from Medieval Latin abacista, from abacus + -ista (“-ist”).
aback
From Middle English abak, from Old English onbæc, equivalent to a- (“towards”) + back. Compare West Frisian tebek (“aback”, adverb, literally “to/at back”), Swedish tillbaka (idem.).
From Latin abacus.
abactor
From Late Latin abactor (“cattle rustler”), from abigō (“drive away”); from ab (“from, away from”) + agō (“drive”).
abacus
From Late Middle English abacus, abagus, agabus (“abacus; art of counting with an abacus”), from Latin abacus, abax (“sideboard or table with a slab at the top; slab at the top of a column; counting board, sand table; board for playing games”) (compare Late Latin abacus (“art of arithmetic”)), from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “slab, counting board; board covered with sand for drawing; plate; dice-board”). Doublet of abaque and abac.
The plural form abaci is reinforced from Latin abacī.
abada
From Portuguese abada (“female rhinoceros”), from Malay badak (“rhinoceros”).
Abaddon
From Middle English Abadon, Abbadon, Labadon, Laabadon, from Late Latin Abaddōn, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓βᾰδδών (Ăbăddṓn), from Biblical Hebrew אֲבַדּוֹן (ʔăḇaddōn, “destruction; ruin”), from אבד (ʾāḇaḏ, “to be lost, to perish”).
UK C19. From Abaddon, from Middle English, from Late Latin, from Ancient Greek Ἀβαδδών (Abaddṓn, “Abaddon”), from Hebrew אבדון (ābaddōn, “destruction, abyss”), from אבד (ābad, “to be lost, to perish”).
abaft
From Middle English obaft, baft, baften, from Old English beæftan; be (“by”) (modern English by) + æftan (“behind”) (modern English after). See also aft.
abalienate
From Latin abaliēnātus, perfect passive participle of abaliēnō (“alienate; remove”); from ab- (“by, from; away”) + aliēnō (“alienate, estrange”); from aliēnus (“foreign, alien”), from alius (“other, another”). Equivalent to ab- + alienate.
abalienation
From Latin abalienatio. Equivalent to abalienate + -ion.
abalone
Etymology tree
Southern Ohlone aulunbor.
Spanish abulónbor.
English abalone
From American Spanish abulón, from an indigenous language of the Monterey Bay area such as Rumsen/Southern Ohlone aūlun (“red abalone”)
abandon
From Middle English abandounen, from Old French abandoner, formed from a (“at, to”) + bandon (“jurisdiction, control”), from Late Latin bannum (“proclamation”), bannus, bandum, from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command”) (whence English ban), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”). See also ban, banal.
Displaced Middle English forleten (“to abandon”), from Old English forlǣtan, anforlǣtan; see forlet; and Middle English forleven (“to leave behind, abandon”), from Old English forlǣfan; see forleave.
From Middle English abandoun, from Old French abandon, from Old French abondonner.
abandonment
Borrowed from French abandonnement, from abandonner (“to abandon, relinquish”). abandonner was originally equivalent to mettre à bandon (“to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another”), bandon being from Medieval Latin bandum, bannum (“order, decree, ban”). Equivalent to abandon + -ment. (See also English banns.)
abase
From Late Middle English abaishen, abashen, abaisse, abassen, abesse, abessen (“to be upset; to embarrass; to surprise; to confound; to bend down, stoop; to abase, degrade, disgrace”), from Middle French abaisser, from Old French abaissier, abessier (“to prostrate oneself; to lower, reduce”) (also compare Old French esbahir (“to amaze”), Vulgar Latin abbassiāre (“to lower”)), from a- (prefix indicating movement towards something) (from Latin ad (“toward, to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at, to”)) + baissier (“to lower”) (from Medieval Latin bassus (“short of stature, low; base”), possibly from Ancient Greek βᾰ́σῐς (bắsĭs, “foot; base, foundation”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”)). The spelling of the English word has been influenced by base, thus ostensibly analyzable as a- (“towards”) + base.
There exist verb cognates in galloromance languages such as Catalan abaixar (“lower; abase”) and Occitan abaissar, and similar word construction in other romance languages as Spanish abajo (“down, downstairs; below”).
abasement
From Middle English abaissement, from Middle French abaissement (“astonishment”). Equivalent to abase + -ment. Compare French abaissement.
abash
Attested from 1303, as Middle English abaisen, abaishen, abashen (“lose one's composure, be upset”), from the later 14th-century also transitive "to make ashamed, to perplex or embarrass"; from Anglo-Norman abaïss, from Middle French abair, abaisser (“lose one's composure, be startled, be stunned”), from Old French esbaïr, (French ébahir), from es- (“utterly”) + baïr (“to astonish”), from Medieval Latin *exbadō, from ex- (“out of”) + bado (“to gape, yawn”), an onomatopoeic word imitating a yawn, see also French badaud (“rubbernecker”).
abashment
From Middle English abaisshment, from Middle French abaissement (“astonishment”) alteration of esbaissement, from esbaiss + -ment. Compare French ébahissement. Equivalent to abash + -ment.
abate
From Middle English abaten, from Anglo-Norman abatre, from Late Latin abbattere, from Latin battere.
detailed etymology, sense derivation, and cognates
The verb is derived from Middle English abaten (“to demolish, knock down; to defeat, strike down; to strike or take down (a sail); to throw down; to bow dejectedly or submissively; to be dejected; to stop; to defeat, humiliate; to repeal (a law); to dismiss or quash (a lawsuit); to lessen, reduce; to injure, impair; to appease; to decline, grow less; to deduct, subtract; to make one’s way; attack (an enemy); (law) to enter or intrude upon (someone’s property); of a hawk: to beat or flap the wings”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman abater, abatier, abatre, abbatre, Middle French abattre, abatre, abattre, Old French abatre, abattre (“to demolish, knock down; to bring down, cut down; to lessen, reduce; to suppress; to stop; to discourage; to impoverish, ruin; to conquer; to overthrow; to kill; to remove (money) from circulation; (law) to annul”), from Late Latin abbattere (“to bring down, take down; to suppress; to debase (currency)”), from Latin ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; away from’) + Latin battere, from older battuere (“to beat, hit; to beat up; to fight”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to dig; to stab”)).
The noun is derived from the verb.
From Anglo-Norman abatre, probably an alteration of Anglo-Norman and Middle French embatre, enbatre (“to drive or rush into; to enter into a tenement without permission”) (compare Late Latin abatare), from Middle French, Old French em-, en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into’) + Middle French, Old French batre (“to beat, hit, strike”) (from Latin battere, battuere, the present active infinitive of battuō (“to beat, hit; to beat up; to fight”); see further at etymology 1). The English word was probably also influenced by the verb abate.
Borrowed from Italian abate (“abbot”), from Latin abbātem, the accusative singular of abbās (“abbot”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), a variant of ἀββᾱ (abbā, “father; title of respect for an abbot”), from Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father; ancestor; teacher; chief, leader; author, originator”), from Proto-Semitic *ʔabw- (“father”), ultimately imitative of a child’s word for “father”. The English word is a doublet of abbot.
Borrowed from Italian Abate.
abatement
From Middle English abatement, from Anglo-Norman abatre (“to abate”) (from Old French abatre), + -ment; equivalent to abate + -ment.
abatis
From French abatis, abattis (“mass of things beaten or cut down”), from abattre. See abate.
abator
From abate (“to enter without right after the owner dies and before the heir takes over”) + -or. From Anglo-Norman.
From abate (“do away with”) + -or. From Middle English, from Old French.
abattoir
Borrowed from French abattoir, from abattre (“to slaughter”) (cognate to abate) + -oir (“-ory”).
abature
From Old French abateure, from the verb abatre (“to knock down, to destroy”). See abate.
abay
Inherited from Middle English abay, a-bay, from Old French abai, aboi, abay (“barking”), from the verb abayer.
abb
From Middle English ab, abbe, from Old English āweb, āb, ōweb, from away + web (“warp thread”).
abba
From Middle English, from Latin, from Ancient Greek, from Aramaic אבא/ܐܒܐ (ʼaḇā, “father”); see abbot, Abraham for more.
From Middle English, from Latin abba, from Ancient Greek ἀββα (abba), from Aramaic אבא/ܐܒܐ (ʼabbāʼ, “father”).
abbacy
From Middle English abbathie, from Late Latin abbātia, from abbās, abbātis (“abbot”). Doublet of abbey and Opatija.
abbatial
Inherited from Middle English abbacyal, derived from Middle French abbatial, derived from Late Latin abbātiāl|is, ~e, from abbā|s, ~tis (“abbot”) + -āl|is, ~e (“-ial”). Doublet of abbot.
abbess
From Middle English abbesse, from Old French abeesse (French abbesse), from Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbatissa, feminine of Latin abbas, abbatis (“abbot”).
abbey
From A.D. 1250 in Middle English abbey, abbeye (“convent headed by an abbot”) (compare archaic English abbaye), itself borrowed from Old French abaïe, abbaïe, abeïe, abbeïe (Modern French abbaye) from Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbātia, from Classical Latin abbās (“abbot”). Doublet of abbacy and Opatija. See abbot.
abbot
From Middle English abbot, abbod, abbed, from Old English abbat, abbad, abbod, from Latin abbās (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”). Doublet of abba, abbé, and bwana.
abbotship
From Middle English abboship, abbotshup; equivalent to abbot + -ship.
abbreviate
From Middle English abbreviaten, from abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the participle of abbreviaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin abbreviātus, perfect passive participle of abbreviō (“to shorten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), formed from ab- + breviō (“to shorten”), from brevis (“short”). Alternatively, a back-formation from abbreviation. Doublet of abridge.
From Middle English abbreviat(e) (“abbreviated”, used as the past participle of abbreviaten); the noun is derived by subtsantivization from the adjective. See -ate (adjective forming suffix), -ate (noun forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Participial usage up until Early Modern English.
abbreviation
First attested 1400–50. From Middle English abbreviacioun, from Middle French abreviation, from Ecclesiastical Latin abbreviātiō, from Latin ad + breviō (“shorten”), from brevis (“short”). By surface analysis, abbreviate + -ion.
abbreviature
From Medieval Latin abbreviātūra, from Late Latin abbreviō (“shorten, abbreviate”). See also abbreviate.
abdal
From Arabic أَبْدَال (ʔabdāl), plural of بَدَل (badal, “a substitute; a good, religious man; saint”), from بَدَلَ (badala, “to replace”).
Abderite
From Latin Abderita, Abderites, from Ancient Greek Ἀβδηρίτης (Abdērítēs).
abdest
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آبدست (modern Turkish abdest), from Classical Persian آبْدَسْت (ābdast), compound of آب (āb, “water”) and دست (dast, “hand”).
abdicate
First attested in 1532; borrowed from Latin abdicātus (“renounced”), perfect passive participle of abdicō (“to renounce, reject, disclaim”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), formed from ab (“away”) + dicō (“proclaim, dedicate, declare”), akin to dīcō (“to say”). Compare Middle English abdicat (“forsaken, renounced”).
abdication
First attested in 1552. From Latin abdicātiō (“renunciation”), from abdicō. By surface analysis, abdicate + -ion.
abditive
From Latin abditīvus (“removed or separated from”), from abdō (“hide, conceal”).
abdomen
First attested in 1541. Borrowed from Middle French abdomen, from Latin abdōmen, possibly from abdō (“conceal”), from ab (“away”) + -dō (“put, place”).
abdominal
First attested in 1746. From New Latin abdōminālis, from Latin abdōmen. Equivalent to abdomin- + -al. Compare French abdominal.
abduce
(1530's) From Latin abdūcō (“lead away”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + dūcō (“lead”).
* See duke, and compare abduct.
abduct
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Proto-Italic *ap
Latin abder.
Latin ab-
Proto-Indo-European *dewk-
Proto-Indo-European *déwkti
Proto-Italic *doukō
Latin dūcō
Latin abdūcō
Latin abductusder.
English abduct
From Latin abductus, perfect passive participle of abduco (“to lead away”), from ab (“away”) + duco (“to lead”).
* (physiology): Back-formation from abduction.
abduction
From Latin abductiō(n) (“robbing; abduction”), from abdūcō (“take or lead away”), from ab (“away”) + dūcō (“to lead”). By surface analysis, abduct + -ion or abduce + -tion.
* (physiology): From French, from Latin abductus.
* Compare French abduction.
abductor
Borrowed from Latin abductor, By surface analysis, abduct + -or.
From Medieval Latin abductor, from abdūcō + -tor.
abear
From Middle English aberen, from Old English āberan (“to bear, carry, carry away”), from ā- (“away, out”), a- + beran (“to bear”), from Proto-Germanic *uzberaną (“to bear off, bring forth, produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”), equivalent to a- + bear. Cognate with Old High German irberan, Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (usbairan).
abecedarian
From Late Latin abecedarius (from the first four letters of the Latin alphabet + -arius). Equivalent to abecedary + -an. Compare abecedary.
abecedary
From Middle English abscedary, from Medieval Latin abecedārium (“alphabet, ABC primer”), from Late Latin abecedārius (“of the alphabet”), formed from the first four letters of the Latin alphabet + -ārius. Doublet of abecedarium.
From Late Latin abecedārius. Doublet of abecedarius.
abed
From Middle English abedde, o bedde, from Old English on (“in”) + bedde (“bed”). Equivalent to a- (“in, on”) + bed.
From Arabic عَابِد (ʕābid, “servant, worshipper”)
abele
From Middle English abelle, albell, aubel, from Old French aubel, aubiel, from Medieval Latin albellus (“white poplar”), diminutive of Latin albus (“white”). Some forms after Middle Dutch abeel, from Old French.
abelmosk
From New Latin abelmoschus, from Arabic حَبّ الْمِسْك (ḥabb al-misk, “pills of musk”).
aberr
From Latin aberrō (“go astray; err”), from ab (“from, away from”) + errō (“stray”).
aberrance
From aberr (“to stray”), from Latin aberrō (“to wander from the way”) + -ance.
aberrant
From Latin aberrāns, present active participle of aberrō (“go astray; err”), from ab (“from”) + errō (“to wander”). See aberr.
aberrate
From Latin aberrātus, perfect passive participle of aberrō (“wander, stray or deviate from”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + errō (“stray”).
aberration
A learned borrowing from Latin aberrātiō(n) (“relief, diversion”), first attested in 1594, from aberrō (“wander away, go astray”), from ab (“away”) + errō (“wander”). Compare French aberration. By surface analysis, aberrat(e) + -ion.
abet
From Middle English abetten, abette, from Old French abeter (“to entice”), from a- (“to”) + beter (“hound on, urge, to bait”), either from Middle Dutch bētan (“incite”) or from Old Norse beita (“to cause to bite, bait, incite”), from Proto-Germanic *baitijaną (“to cause to bite”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”). Cognate with Icelandic beita (“to set dogs on; to feed”).
Alternate etymology traces the Middle English and Old French words through Old English *ābǣtan (“to hound on”), from ā- + bǣtan (“to bait”), from the same source (Proto-Germanic *baitijaną).
See also bait, bet.
abetment
First attested from 1350 to 1470, from Middle English abettement, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French abeter + -ment. See abet.
abeyance
First attested in 1528. From Anglo-Norman abeiance (“legal expectation”), from Old French abeance (“desire”) from abeër (“to gape at, aspire after”), abaer, abair (“to desire”), from a (“to”) + baër (“to gape”), bair (“yawn”), from Medieval Latin batō (“to yawn”).
abhominable
First attested in the 1300s, a variant of abominable, influenced by Latin ab + homine (“man”); compare abhominal. The unnecessary addition of h to words was once common; compare abholish (abolish). Abandoned by the 1600s. Compare also abhomination.
abhominal
From Latin abhominalis, from ab (“away from”) + hominis (“man”), but in practice from English abominable, which was erroneously folk-etymologized as this word, leading to this spelling and abhominable, which see for more.
abhor
First attested in 1449, from Middle English abhorren, borrowed from Middle French abhorrer, from Latin abhorreō (“shrink away from in horror”), from ab- (“from”) + horreō (“stand aghast, bristle with fear”).
abhorrent
Borrowed from Latin abhorrēns, abhorrēntis, present active participle of abhorreō (“abhor”). Equivalent to abhor + -ent.
Abib
From Hebrew אָבִיב (avív, literally “ears of barley”), hence “the season of beginning barley-crop”, because the grains start ripening at that time of year.
abidance
From Middle English abiden, from Old English ābīdan (“wait”), from ā + bīdan (“to bide, remain”) + ance.
* abide + -ance.
abide
From Middle English abyden, from Old English ābīdan (“to abide, wait, remain, delay, remain behind; survive; wait for, await; expect”), from Proto-West Germanic *uʀbīdan, from Proto-Germanic *uzbīdaną (“to expect, tolerate”), equivalent to a- + bide.
Cognate with Scots abide (“to abide, remain”), Middle High German erbīten (“to await, expect”), Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (usbeidan, “to expect, await, have patience”). The sense of pay for is due to influence from aby.
abiding
Present participle or participial adjective from abide (verb) + -ing; or, from Middle English participle form of abiden, abyden (“to abide”).
From Middle English abydynge, abidynge, -inge [verbal noun of abiden, abyden (“to abide”)], from Old English abīdung; or, verbal noun from abide (verb) + -ing.
abietene
* abietic + -ene
* From Latin abies (“silver fir (tree)”).
ability
First attested in the 1300s. From Middle English abilite (“suitability, aptitude, ability”), from Old French ableté, from Latin habilitās (“aptness, ability”), from habilis (“apt, fit, skillful, able”); equivalent to able + -ity.
abiogenesis
From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not-”, the alpha privative) + βῐ́ος (bĭ́os, “life”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source; manner of birth; creation”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”)); equivalent to abio- + genesis. The words biogenesis and abiogenesis were both coined by English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) in 1870 (see the quotation).
abirritant
From ab- (prefix from Latin ab (“from”)) + irritant, from French irritant, from Latin irrītō (“to irritate”).
abject
PIE word
 *h₂epó
The adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (adjective) [and other forms], from Middle French abject (modern French abject, abjet (obsolete)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast aside”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) + iaciō (“to throw”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).
The noun is derived from the adjective.
Cognates
* Italian abiecto (obsolete), abietto
* Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)
* Spanish abjecto (obsolete), abyecto
From Late Middle English abjecten (“to cast out, expel”) [and other forms], from abiect, abject (adjective) (see etymology 1).
Sense 3 (“of a fungus: to give off (spores or sporidia)”) is modelled after German abschleudern (“to give off forcefully”).
abjection
From Middle English abjeccioun, from either Middle French abjection or Late Latin abiectiōn-, from Latin abiectus (“cast down”).
* See abject.
abjectly
From Middle English abjectli (“with great humility”), from abject (“outcast, rejected; wretched; humble, lowly; of poor quality, worthless; menial”) + -li (suffix forming adverbs); analysable as abject + -ly.
abjudge
* ab- + judge, from Latin abiudicare. Doublet of abjudicate.
abjudicate
Borrowed from Latin abiūdicātus, perfect passive participle of abiūdicō (“deprive or take away by judicial sentence”), from ab (“from, away from”) + iūdicō (“pass judgement; determine, conclude”). Doublet of abjudge. See judge.
abjudication
From abjudicate + -ion or from Latin abiūdicātiō. First attested in 1623.
abjugate
From Latin abiugātus, perfect passive participle of abiugō (“remove, separate from”); from ab- (“away from”) + iugō (“bind, connect”).
abjunctive
From Latin abiūnctus, past participle of abiungō (“remove, separate”); from ab (“of, from, by”) + iungō (“join, connect, attach”).
abjuration
First attested around 1439. From Middle English abjuracioun, from Latin abiūrātiō (“forswearing, abjuration”), from ab (“from, away from”) + iūrō (“swear or take an oath”), from iūs (“law, right, duty”). Compare French abjuration.
abjure
From Late Middle English abjuren (“to give up (something); to recant or renounce (something) under oath”), from Anglo-Norman abjurer, Middle French abiurer, abjurer, and Old French abjurer (“to reject or renounce (something) on oath”) (modern French abjurer), and from their etymon Latin abiūrāre, the present active infinitive of abiūrō (“to deny on oath, recant, renounce, repudiate, abjure”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away from, from’) + iūro (“to take an oath, swear, vow”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew- (“(adjective) right; straight; upright; (noun) justice; law; right”).
ablactate
From Latin ablactātus, perfect passive participle of ablactō (“wean”), from ab + lactō (“suckle”), from lac (“milk”).
ablactation
From Middle English ablactacioun from Late Latin ablactatio, ablactō (“to wean”) from ab (“without”) + lacto (“suckle”), from lac (“milk”); equivalent to ab- + lactation.
ablaqueate
Learned borrowing from Latin ablaqueātus (“loosened, dug up”), past participle of ablaqueō (“to disentangle”), formed from ab- + laqueō (“noose”).
ablaqueation
From Latin ablaqueātiō (“the process or act of digging or loosening the soil around the roots of a tree”), from ablaqueō (“disentangle”), from ab (“from, away from”) + laqueō (“entangle, ensnare”).
ablation
Etymology tree
Late Latin ablātiōder.
Middle English albacioun
English ablation
From Late Middle English ablacioun (“removal”), from Late Latin ablātiō (“a taking away”), from auferō (“to take away, carry off, withdraw, remove”) + -tiō (“-tion”, nominal suffix). Doublet of ablatio. Compare French ablation. By surface analysis, ablat(e) + -ion.
ablative
From Middle English ablative, ablatife, ablatyf, ablatif, from Old French ablatif (“the ablative case”), from Latin ablātīvus (“expressing removal”), from ablātus (“taken away”), from auferō (“to take away”). The engineering/nautical sense originates from ablate + -ive.