MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
casino
From Italian casino, diminutive form of casa (“house”), from Latin casa (“cottage, hut”).
complacent
Borrowed from Latin complacēns (“very pleasing”), present participle of complacēre (“to please at the same time, be very pleasing”), from com- (“together”) + placēre (“to please”); see please and compare complaisant.
smug
Originally "spruce, neat," from Low German smuk (“pretty”), from Middle Low German smuk (“lithe, delicate, neat, trim”), although the g of the English word is not easily explained. The ultimate source should be Proto-West Germanic *smeugan (“to crawl, creep”).
From the Low German derived also North Frisian smok, Danish smuk and Swedish smukk (now obsolete or dialectal).
Compare also Middle High German gesmuc (“ornament”) and smücken (“to dress, to adorn”), both ultimately from smiegen (“to press to, insert, wrap, to nestle”), hence German schmiegen, Schmuck and schmücken. The adjective schmuck, however, was borrowed from Low German. See smock for more.
coil
From Middle English coilen, from Old French coillir, cuillir (“to gather, pluck, pick, cull”) (modern French cueillir), from Latin colligō (“to gather together”), past participle collectus, from com- (“together”) + legō (“to gather”); compare legend. Doublet of cull.
incentive
From Medieval Latin incentīvus (“that strikes up or sets the tune”), from incinō (“to strike up”), from in- (“in, on”) + canō (“to sing”) + -ive. The formation appears to have been influenced by incendō (“to set on fire”).
bigamy
From Middle English bigamie (“having two spouses simultaneously, bigamy; second marriage; marrying a widow or widower”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman bigamie and Middle French bigamie (“having two spouses simultaneously; second marriage; marrying a widow or widower”) (modern French bigamie (“bigamy”)), and its etymon Late Latin bigamia (“having two spouses simultaneously; second marriage”), from Late Latin, Latin bigamus (“bigamous”) + -ia (variant of -ius (suffix forming adjectives from nouns)). Bigamus is derived from bis (“twice, two times”) + Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos, “marriage; matrimony”) (from Proto-Indo-European *ǵem- (“to marry”)). The English word is analysable as bi- + -gamy.
notturno
Borrowed from Italian notturno (“nocturnal, nightly”), from Latin nocturnus, from noctū (“by night”), from nox (“night”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Doublet of nocturne.
hobble
From Middle English hobblen, hobelen, akin to Middle Dutch hoblen, hobbelen (Modern Dutch hobbelen).
obsequiousness
From Middle English obsequyousnesse, equivalent to obsequious + -ness.
observance
From Old French observance, from Latin observantia. Equivalent of observe + -ance.
intentional
Borrowed from Medieval Latin intentiōnālis. By surface analysis, intention + -al.
supposition
From Middle English supposicioun, from Anglo-Norman supposicion, from Latin suppositiō, suppositiōnem (“supposition”), from sub- (“under”) + positiō, positiōnem (“position; theme”), from positus (“position”), from the perfect passive participle of pōnō, pōnere (“put, place”).
obstetric
From Medical Latin obstetricus (“belonging to a midwife”), from Latin obstētrīx (“midwife”).
obtrude
From Latin obtrūdō (“thrust off or against”), from ob- (“ob-”) + trūdō (“thrust”).
occasionally
From Middle English occasionally, occasionaly, occasyoneely, occasyonly, equivalent to occasional + -ly.
occultism
Borrowed from French occultisme, analyzable as occult + -ism.
pose
From Middle English pose, from Old English ġeposu pl (“cold in the head; catarrh”, literally “(the) sneezes; (the) snorts”), from Old English pos, ġepos (“sneeze, snort”), from Proto-West Germanic *pos, from Proto-Germanic *pusą (“sneeze, snort”), from Proto-Germanic *pusōną, *pusjaną (“to snort, blow”), from *pus- (“to blow, breathe hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”). Compare Low German pusten (“to blow, puff”), German dialectal pfausen (“to sneeze, snort”), Norwegian dialectal pysa (“to blow”).
From Middle English posen, from Old French poser (“to put, place, stell, settle, lodge”), from Vulgar Latin pausāre (“to blin, cease, pause”), from Latin pausa (“pause”), from Ancient Greek παῦσις (paûsis); influenced by Latin pōnere. Doublet of pause.
From Middle English posen, a combination of aphetic forms of Middle English aposen and opposen. More at appose, oppose.
angiosperm
From Ancient Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “receptacle”) + σπέρμα (spérma, “seed”), equivalent to angio- + sperm.
ascetic
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek ἀσκέω (askéō)
Proto-Hellenic *-tās
Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs)
Ancient Greek ἀσκητής (askētḗs)
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Ancient Greek -κός (-kós)
Ancient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós)
Ancient Greek ἀσκητῐκός (askētĭkós)der.
Medieval Latin asceticusbor.
English ascetic
First use appears c. 1646. From Medieval Latin asceticus, from Ancient Greek ἀσκητικός (askētikós), from ἀσκητής (askētḗs, “monk, hermit”), from ἀσκέω (askéō, “to exercise”).
assassin
From either French assassin or Italian assassino, from Arabic أَسَاسِيِّين (ʔasāsiyyīn, “people who are faithful to the foundation [of the faith]”) and the folkloric etymology Arabic حَشَّاشِين (ḥaššāšīn, “hashish users; low-lives”).
The mathematical sense was introduced by Bourbaki, playing on the notation operatorname Ass(M) and the fact that an associated prime is the annihilator of an element, and so is said to kill that element.
hashish
From Arabic حَشِيش (ḥašīš, “hay, dried herb”).
tiff
From Middle English tiffen, tif, tiffe (“to adorn, dress up; to arrange (a hairstyle); to disguise”), from Old French tifer, tiffer (“to adorn, dress up”) (modern French attifer (“to deck out”)), from Frankish *tipfōn, *tippōn (“to decorate”), possibly related to Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“plait of hair, tuft; summit, top”) (see the further etymology at that entry).
The noun is derived from the verb.
cognates
* Dutch tippen (“to clip the points or ends of the hair”)
* English tip (noun)
* Middle High German zipfen (“to bob; to flutter; to frisk, prance, skip; to sashay”)
* Old Norse tippa (“point, tip”)
boondock
Etymology tree
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunduk
Tagalog bundokbor.
English boondock
1910s during or around the Philippine–American War after the Spanish–American War, from Tagalog bundok (“mountain”), adopted by occupying American soldiers serving in the mountains or rural countryside of the American-occupied Philippines under the United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands. The term was reinforced or re-adopted during World War II under the U.S. military, where terms like boondockers (“shoes suited for rough terrain”) came originally in 1944 as U.S. services slang word for field boots. It was later shortened to boonies by 1964 originally among U.S. troops serving in the Vietnam War in reference to the rural areas of Vietnam, as opposed to Saigon.
occupant
Borrowed from Middle French occupant (present participle of occuper) or Latin occupāns, occupantis (present participle of occupō). By surface analysis, occupy + -ant.
occupy
From Middle English occupien, occupyen, borrowed from Old French occuper, from Latin occupāre (“to take possession of, seize, occupy, take up, employ”), from ob (“to, on”) + capiō (“to take”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to seize, grab”). Doublet of occupate, now obsolete.
Oceanid
Borrowed from Latin Oceanis, from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανίς (Ōkeanís), from Ὠκεανός (Ōkeanós) + -ις (-is), literally “sprung of Oceanus”. By surface analysis, Oceanus + -id.
octavo
From Latin octavo. Doublet of octave, oitava, and ochava.
ocular
Derived from the Latin oculāris (“of the eye”), from oculus (“eye”).
oy gevalt
From Yiddish אוי געוואַלט (oy gevalt).
nauseate
From earlier nauseat, from Latin nauseātus (“nauseated”), perfect past participle of nauseō (“to feel sea sick, nauseate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix, of participial origin)), from nausea, from Ancient Greek ναυσία (nausía), from ναῦς (naûs), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂-. By surface analysis, nausea + -ate (verb-forming suffix).
nausea
From Middle English nausea, a borrowing from Latin nausea, from Ancient Greek ναυσία (nausía, “sea-sickness”), from ναῦς (naûs, “ship”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂-. Displaced native Old English wlǣtta.
cryptic
From Late Latin crypticus, from Ancient Greek κρυπτικός (kruptikós), from κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden”), from κρύπτω (krúptō, “to hide”). Doublet of kryptic.
romantic
Etymology tree
Vulgar Latin Rōma
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Italic *-nos
Vulgar Latin -nus
Vulgar Latin -ānus
Vulgar Latin rōmānus
Proto-Indo-European *-ikos
Proto-Italic *-ikos
Vulgar Latin -icus
Vulgar Latin rōmānicus
Vulgar Latin -ē
Vulgar Latin rōmānicē
Old French romanz
Old French romauntder.
English romant
▲
Latin -icuslbor.
Old French -iquebor.
Middle English -ik
English -ic
English romantic
From romant + -ic, or borrowed from Late Latin romanticus (“(of a poem) having qualities of a romance”). Compare French romantique, which is borrowed from English. Also compare Spanish romántico, Portuguese romântico, Italian romantico, Dutch romantisch, and German romantisch and Romantiker (“a composer of Romantic music”), all of which are borrowed from English or French.
romance
From Middle English romauns, roumance, borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French romanz, romans (the vernacular language of France, as opposed to Latin), from Medieval Latin rōmānicē, Vulgar Latin rōmānicē (“in the Roman language”, adverb), from Latin rōmānicus (“roman”, adjective) from rōmānus (“a Roman”). Doublet of Romansch.
opt
First attested in 1853; borrowed from French opter, from Latin optō (“to choose; to select”). Doublet of optate.
Prometheus
From Ancient Greek Προμηθεύς (Promētheús), from πρό (pró, “before”) + μανθάνω (manthánō, “to think”).
invasion
From Middle French invasion, from Late Latin invāsiōnem, accusative of invāsiō.
reader
From Middle English reder, redar, redere, redare, from Old English rēdere, rǣdere (“a reader; scholar; diviner”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādāri, equivalent to read + -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Räider (“advisor”), Dutch rader (“advisor”), German Rater (“advisor”).
nominate
PIE word
 *h₁nómn̥
The adjective is first attested in 1450, in Middle English, the verb in 1545; partly from Middle English nominat(e) (“named, designated”), from Latin nōminātus, perfect passive participle of nōminō (“to name”) (see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3)), from nōmen (“a name”). Participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.
shove
From Middle English schouven, from Old English sċūfan, from Proto-West Germanic *skeuban, from Proto-Germanic *skeubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ-.
See also West Frisian skowe, Low German schuven, Dutch schuiven, German schieben, Danish skubbe, Norwegian Bokmål skyve, Norwegian Nynorsk skuva; also Lithuanian skùbti (“to hurry”), Polish skubać (“to pluck”), Albanian humb (“to lose”).
odorous
From Middle English odorous, from Medieval Latin odōrōsus, equivalent to odor + -ous.
Irishman
From Middle English Irisshman, equivalent to Irish + -man.
officiate
Borrowed from Latin officiātus, perfect participle of Late Latin officior (“to perform a function”) and of Medieval Latin officiō (“to officiate, say mass (9th cent.); to serve a church (13th cent.); to serve (early 13th c., 14th in British sources); to discharge an office (14th c.)”), from Latin officium (“official duty, service”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
The noun is derived from Medieval Latin officiātus (“monk in charge of a monastic office, official (start of 12th c., 14th in British sources)”), substantivized from the participle, see -ate (noun-forming suffix).
officious
15th century, from Middle English offycyous, from Latin officiōsus (“kindly”), from officium (“service”).
ogle
17th century. Probably from Low German ögeln (“to ogle, to flirt with one's eyes”), from Middle Low German ö̂gelen, frequentative of Middle Low German ö̂gen, from Old Saxon ōgian, from Proto-West Germanic *augijan (“to show”). Alternatively from an equivalent Dutch *ogelen, but this seems unattested (only the simplex ogen). By surface analysis, eye + -le.
ogee
From Middle English *ogeve, egeve, egeove, from Old French œgive, ogive, augive, from Late Latin augiva, of uncertain origin; compare Late Latin ogis (“a support, prop”), Latin augeō (“to increase, strengthen”), Italian and Spanish auge (“highest point of power or fortune, apogee”). Doublet of ogive.
armoire
Unadapted borrowing from Middle French armoire. Doublet of ambry, armarium, and almirah.
devoir
From Middle English devoir, borrowed from Middle French devoir, from Old French deveir, from Latin dēbēre (“to owe; ought, must”).
scot-free
From Middle English scotfre, from Old English scotfrēo (“scot-free; exempt from royal tax or imposts”), equivalent to scot (“payment; contribution; fine”) + -free.
Old Nick
Originally 17th century. Apparently a special use of the forename Nick, perhaps in jocular or contrastive reference to Saint Nicholas. Alternatively, it may be derived from nicker, or some other derivative of Old English nicor (“water demon”).
old age
From Middle English olde age, eld age; compare earlier Middle English olde elde (“old age”), alderelde (“old age”), equivalent to old + age. Displaced wholly non-native Middle English vilesse (“old age”) (borrowed from Old French villesce, vieillece (“old age”)) and senectute (“old age”) (from Latin senectūs (“old age”)).
prefer
From Middle English preferren, from Anglo-Norman preferer, from Latin praeferō. Displaced native Old English foresettan and foreberan. Doublet of prelate. See also infer, relate and refer, delate and defer, as well as collate and confer among others.
precursor
Inherited from Middle English precursour, from Middle French precurseur or its etymon Latin praecursor (“forerunner”). By surface analysis, precurse + -or.
forerunner
From Middle English forrenner, foreriner. Calque of Latin praecursor (“one who runs before, a forerunner”). Equivalent to fore- + runner and/or forerun + -er.
crony
Coined between 1655 and 1665 from Ancient Greek χρόνιος (khrónios, “perennial, long-lasting”); see also chrono- (“time”). Initially Cambridge University slang, in sense of “chum”, as “friend of long standing”, with illegal connotation later. Early spellings included chrony, as in 1665 diary by Samuel Pepys, supporting the Greek origin.
omnipotence
From Late Middle English omnipotens, from Old French omnipotence, from Latin omnipotentia.
omnipotent
Inherited from Middle English omnipotent(e), from Old French omnipotent, from Latin omnipotēns, omnipotentem.
omnipresent
Borrowed from Medieval Latin omnipraesēns, equivalent to omni- + present.
omniscience
From Medieval Latin omniscientia (“all-knowledge”), from Latin omni- (“all”), and scient from the Latin scientia (“knowledge”).
omniscient
From Medieval Latin omnisciens (“all-knowing”), from Latin omnis (“all”) + sciens (“knowing”) (further analysable via scient).
haptic
From Ancient Greek ἁπτικός (haptikós, “able to come in contact with”), from ἅπτω (háptō, “to touch”) + -ικός (-ikós, suffix forming adjectives from nouns).
Conlon
From Irish Ó Connalláin, which could be from con (“hound”) + leon (“lion”), though the second element could instead be from gal (“valor”), similar to O'Connell.
enclose
From Middle English enclosen, inclosen, from Middle English enclos, from Old French enclose, feminine plural past participle of enclore, from Vulgar Latin *inclaudō, *inclaudere, from Latin inclūdō (doublet of include), from in- (“in”) + claudō (“to shut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). Equivalent to en- + close.
trough
PIE word
 *dóru
From Middle English trogh, from Old English troh, trog (“a trough, tub, basin, vessel for containing liquids or other materials”), from Proto-West Germanic *trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugą, *trugaz, from Proto-Indo-European *drukós, enlargement of *dóru (“tree”).
See also West Frisian trôch, Dutch trog, German Trog, Danish trug, Swedish tråg; also Middle Irish drochta (“wooden basin”), Old Armenian տարգալ (targal, “ladle, spoon”). More at tree.
thrash
From Middle English thrasshen, a dialectal variant of thresshen, threshen (whence the modern English thresh), from Old English þrescan, from Proto-Germanic *þreskaną, whence also Old High German dreskan, Old Norse þreskja.
amicable
From Middle English amicable (“agreeable; pleasant”), from Late Latin amīcābilis (“friendly”). Doublet of amiable.
apostolate
Borrowed from Late Latin apostolātus. By surface analysis, apostle + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office). Doublet of apostolado.
menial
From Middle English meyneal, from Anglo-Norman mesnal, from maisnee (“household”), from Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta, from Latin mānsiō (“house”).
chronotropic
From chrono- (“referring to time”) + -tropic (“affecting, changing”), from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”) + τρόπος (trópos, “turn, direction, way”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”, adjectival suffix).
ichthyic
From Ancient Greek ἰχθυϊκός (ikhthuïkós). By surface analysis, ichthy- + -ic.
condyle
From French condyle, from Latin condylus, from Ancient Greek κόνδυλος (kóndulos, “knuckle”).
fester
Inherited from Middle English festre, festur, borrowed from Old French festre (cognate with Italian fistola, Occitan fistola, Spanish fístula), from Latin fistula. The verb is derived from the noun, while the “condition of something that festers” noun sense is derived from the verb. Doublet of fistula.
Borrowed from German Fester.
cartoon
In British English first, from French carton (“sketch, cardboard, card”), from Italian cartone (“cardboard, carton, box”), augmentative of carta (“paper”), from Latin carta (“papyrus, paper”), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs) (see there for further etymology). Doublet of carton and card.
toon
Borrowed from Hindi तून (tūn), from Sanskrit तुणि (tuṇi, “Cedrela toona”).
hangman
Inherited from Middle English hangman, hongman, hangeman, equivalent to hang + -man.
criterium
From French critérium (“competition”), from Latin critērium, from Ancient Greek κριτήριον (kritḗrion).
From Latin critērium, from Ancient Greek κριτήριον (kritḗrion).
Marie
The French Marie, equivalent of Mary; also an Early New English spelling of Mary, from Middle English Marie. Doublet of Mary.
macaroni
From Italian maccaroni (plural of maccarone (archaic variant of maccheroni (“fool”))), of uncertain origin. Variously derived from late Byzantine Greek μακαρία (makaría, “food made from barley”), from Ancient Greek μάκαρ (mákar, “blessed; favored by the gods”), or from maccare (archaic variant of ammaccare (“to bruise; to crush”)), from Latin maccāre of the same meaning. Compare Sicilian maccarruni (“a single piece of macaroni”).
* As a fop, apparently from the British Macaroni Club rather than from Italian use of maccarone for fools and bumpkins.
* As a former form of currency, used to calque Spanish macuquino (18th-century colonial slang for a similarly clipped coin).
From French macaron. Doublet of macaron.
nebulous
From Middle English, from Middle French nebuleus, from Latin nebulōsus (“full of mist, foggy, cloudy”), from nebula (“mist, vapour, cloud”), from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos (“cloud, vapor, fog, moist, sky”).
Cognates
*Ancient Greek νέφος (néphos, “cloud”)
*German Nebel
**Old High German nebul (“cloud, fog”)
*Old English nifol, neowol (“dark, gloomy, obscure, precipitous, prone”)
by surface analysis, nebula + -ous. More at neveling, nuel.
mendacity
From Late Latin mendacitas, from Latin mendāx (“deceitful, deceptive, lying”) + -itās (suffix forming nouns indicating a state of being). Mendāx is derived from mentior (“to deceive, lie”) (from mēns, mentis (“mind; intellect; judgment, reasoning”), from Proto-Indo-European *méntis (“thought”)) + -āx (suffix forming adjectives expressing a tendency or inclination), or from Proto-Indo-European *mend- (“to fault”). By surface analysis, Latin mendāc- + -ity.
exonerate
From Middle English exoneraten (attested in past participle exonerated), from Latin exonerātus, past perfect participle of exonerō (“to discharge, unload; to exonerate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Exonerō is from ex- (“out, from”) + onerō (“to burden, lade; to load”) further from onus (oner-) (“a burden, load”) + -ō (first conjugation verb-forming suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃énh₂os (“burden, load”), from *h₃enh₂- (“to charge, onerate”). Compare French exonérer.
Learned borrowing from Latin exonerātus (more at etymology 1), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
meta-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *me
Proto-Indo-European *meth₂?
Ancient Greek μετᾰ́ (metắ)
Ancient Greek μετᾰ- (metă-)lbor.
English meta-
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μετα- (meta-), from μετά (metá), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀕𐀲 (me-ta), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂ (“in the middle”).
ember
From Middle English embre, eymbre, aymer, eymere, emeri, from Old English ǣmyrġe, from Proto-West Germanic *aimuʀjā, from Proto-Germanic *aimuzjǭ, a compound of *aimaz + *uzjǭ. The latter is from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews- (“to burn”). The b is intrusive and was added in English for ease of pronunciation when the vowel of the second syllable (y) disappeared.
See also Old High German eimuria (“pyre”), Danish emmer, Swedish mörja (“embers”).
From Middle English embryne (“running around, circuit”), from Old English ymbryne (“course; circuit”). Spelling changed through folk etymology. By surface analysis, umb- + run.
ancillary
From Latin ancillāris (“ancillary; relating to female slaves”), from ancilla (“slave-woman”).
aretegenic
Coined by Episcopalian theologian Ellen T. Charry in 1997 in "By the Renewing of Your Minds" →ISBN. From Ancient Greek ἀρετή (aretḗ, “virtue”) and γεννάω (gennáō, “to beget”).
hopefully
Etymology tree
Proto-West Germanic *tōhopōnder.
Old English tōhopa
Old English hopa
Middle English hope
English hope
Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós
Proto-Germanic *fullaz
Proto-Germanic *-fullaz
Old English -ful
Middle English -ful
English -ful
English hopeful
Proto-Indo-European *leyg-
Proto-Germanic *līkąder.
Proto-Germanic *-līkaz
Proto-Germanic *-ê
Proto-Germanic *-līkê
Old English -līċe
Middle English -ly
English -ly
English hopefully
From hopeful + -ly. The use as a sentence adverb first gained currency in the United States and has been explained as a possible calque of German hoffentlich.
Caroline
From Latin Carolus + -ine.
Borrowed in the 17th century from the French form of Carolina, feminine derivative of Carolus, the Latin equivalent of Charles, which came from Middle High German Karl.
hedonic
From Ancient Greek ἡδονικός (hēdonikós, “pleasant”), equivalent to Ancient Greek ἡδονή (hēdonḗ, “pleasure”) + -ic.
emmet
From Middle English emete, from Old English ǣmete, (bef. 12c) Doublet of ant.
From a Middle English diminutive of the female given name Emma.
grin
From Middle English grinnen, from Old English grennian, from Proto-West Germanic *grannjōn, from Proto-Germanic *granjōną. Related to groan. Compare to Middle High German grennen (“to mutter, complain”) and Danish grine (“to show one's teeth, to laugh”)
From Middle English grin, grinne, grine, from Old English grin (“snare, noose”), of uncertain origin, but probably from the merger of Proto-West Germanic *garni and *garnī (“intestine”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *garniz, *garnō (“guts, intestine”). Related to English yarn.
on high
From Middle English on heigh, on an heigh (“in or into heaven; up to heaven”) [and other forms], from Old English on hēagum (“on high”); hēagum is an inflected form of hēah (“high; tall”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“height; to elevate”). The English word is equivalent to on + high. Compare Dutch omhoog (“upwards, on high”), West Frisian omheech (“upwards”).
gotra
PIE word
 *gʷṓws
From Sanskrit गोत्र (gotra).
on foot
From Middle English on fote, from Old English on fōte (“on foot”), equivalent to on + foot.
enthusiast
From Ancient Greek ἐνθουσιαστής (enthousiastḗs, “an enthusiast, a zealot”), from ἐνθουσιάζειν (enthousiázein, “(intransitive) be inspired or possessed by a god, be rapt, be in ecstasy, (transitive) inspire”): see enthusiasm.
troglodyte
Learned borrowing from Latin trōglodyta (“cave-dwelling person”), from Ancient Greek τρωγλοδύτης (trōglodútēs, “one who dwells in holes”), from τρώγλη (trṓglē, “hole”) + δύω (dúō, “to get into”).