MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
manilla
From Spanish manilla (“bracelet”), from Catalan manilla (“bracelet, armring”); partly from Latin monīle (“a necklace, collar”), from Proto-Indo-European *mony- (“withers, crest, mane”); and partly from Frankish *mānili (“moon-shaped ornament”), from *māno (“moon”), from Proto-Germanic *mēnô (“moon”), from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), related to Old High German mânili (“moon-shaped ornament”). More at mane, moon.
Qinghai
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 青海 /靑海 (Qīnghǎi, literally “Blue Sea”).
Kodiak
From Russian Кадьяк (Kadʹjak), from Aleut qikertaq (“island”).
off-
From Middle English of-, from Old English of-, æf- (“off, away, down, un-”), from Proto-Germanic *aba- (“off, away”), combining form of *ab(a), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). Cognate with Dutch af- (“off, away, down”), German ab- (“off, from, down”), Latin ab- (“from, of”), Ancient Greek ἀπο- (apo-, “away from, without”). Doublet of apo- and ab-. Equivalent to off. Compare of.
Primorsky Krai
From Russian Примо́рский край (Primórskij kraj, literally “maritime region”).
Apollos
Inherited from Middle English, derived from Latin; from Ancient Greek Ἀπολλῶς (Apollôs), probably an abbreviated form of Ἀπολλώνιος (Apollṓnios).
Takamatsu
Borrowed from Japanese 高松 (Takamatsu).
Wakayama
Borrowed from Japanese 和(わ)歌(か)山(やま) (Wakayama).
Miyazaki
Borrowed from Japanese 宮崎(みやざき) (Miyazaki).
manchet
From Middle English manchet, of unknown origin; compare cheat (“low-quality bread”).
awqaf
From Arabic أَوْقَاف (ʔawqāf), plural of وَقْف (waqf).
Rosario
From Spanish rosario (“rosary”). Doublet of rosarium and rosary.
Remedios
Borrowed from Spanish Remedios. This surname is predominantly found in the Philippines.
maskanda
Etymology tree
Afrikaans musikantder.
Zulu umaskandabor.
English maskanda
From Zulu umaskanda, from Afrikaans musikant (“musician”).
maskirovka
Borrowed from Russian маскиро́вка (maskiróvka, “camouflage”).
sandblind
From Middle English sandblynde, alteration (due to association with sand) of *samblynde (“half-blind”), from Old English *sāmblind (“half-blind”), from sam- (“half-”) + blind (“blind”).
deceivably
From deceivable + -ly, perhaps continuing Middle English deceyvably (“deceptively”).
informatory
From Middle English informatory, from Medieval Latin īnfōrmātōrius. By surface analysis, inform + -atory.
earthless
From Middle English ertheles, erþeles, equivalent to earth + -less. Cognate with West Frisian ierdleaze, German erdlos.
Eiffel
From French Eiffel, from German Eiffel, Eifel. Family name adopted as a reference to the Eifel mountains.
escheator
Inherited from Middle English eschetour, itself borrowed from Anglo-Norman eschetour; equivalent to escheat + -or.
quartal
From Russian кварта́л (kvartál), from German Quartal, from Medieval Latin quārtālis.
patriarchic
Borrowed from Ancient Greek πατριαρχικός (patriarkhikós) via Latin patriarchicus. By surface analysis, patriarch + -ic.
Aida
Borrowed from Italian Aida, made famous by Giuseppe Verdi's opera Aida, which premiered in 1871.
bunodont
From Ancient Greek βουνός (bounós, “hill”) + ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth”).
strengthful
From Middle English strengthful, strenkyþfull, equivalent to strength + -ful.
synizesis
From Ancient Greek συνίζησις (sunízēsis, “a sitting together”), from σύν (sún, “with”) (English syn-) + ἱζάνω (hizánō, “to sit”).
misteach
From Middle English mistechen, from Old English mistǣċan (“to teach amiss, teach falsely”), equivalent to mis- + teach.
emphyteusis
From Latin emphyteusis, from Ancient Greek ἐμφύτευσις (emphúteusis, “tenure of a type of leasehold”).
byspel
From Middle English byspel, bispel, from Old English biġspel, bīspel (“a proverb; pattern; example”), equivalent to by- + spell (“talk, saying, discourse, story”). Compare Scots byspel (“byword; rarety; outcast”), Saterland Frisian Biespil (“example; pattern”), Middle Dutch bijspel (“proverb; parable”), German Low German Bispill (“example”), German Beispiel (“example”).
rajadhiraja
Borrowed from Sanskrit राजाधिराज (rājādhirāja, “king of kings”).
maharajadhiraja
Borrowed from Sanskrit महाराजाधिराज (mahārājādhirāja, “great king of kings”).
presentative
The adjective is derived from Late Latin praesentativus (“that presents for consideration”) + English -ive (suffix signifying belonging or relating to, of the nature of, serving to, or tending to, forming adjectives). Praesentativus is from Latin praesentātus (“presented, exhibited, or shown”) + -īvus (suffix forming adjectives); while praesentātus is the perfect passive participle of praesentō (“to present, exhibit, or show”), from praesēns (“at hand, present; existing; immediate; prompt; propitious; (grammar) present”) (the present active participle of praesum (“to be before something; to be in charge of; to command, lead; to preside or rule over”), from prae- (prefix meaning ‘before, in front; in charge’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before; in front”)) + sum (“to be, exist, have”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”))) + -tō (frequentative suffix). The English word is analysable as present + -ative.
The noun sense (“construct that serves to present something, or draw it to the attention of the interlocutor”) is derived from adjective sense 3 (“serving to present something, or draw it to the attention of the interlocutor”).
saltness
From Middle English saltenesse, saltnesse, from Old English sealtnes (“saltness”), equivalent to salt + -ness.
cadmia
From Latin cadmia, ultimately from Ancient Greek Καδμεία (Kadmeía), from Κάδμος (Kádmos, “Cadmus”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming related substances”). Doublet of calamine, calaminaris, and lapis calaminaris.
Lim
Borrowed from Hokkien 林 (Lîm), Teochew 林 (lim⁵), Hakka 林 (lim²). Doublet of Lin and Lam.
donat
From Middle English donet, from Old French, from Latin Donatus, a famous grammarian.
* As a French, German, Polish, English, Slovak, and Czech surname, all from the Medieval Latin saint's name Donatus, the past participle of donare (“to give”).
* As a Scottish surname, variant of Dunnett.
monstrate
First attested in 1609; borrowed from Latin mōnstrātus, perfect passive participle of mōnstrō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
multiplicate
Borrowed from Latin multiplicātus, perfect passive participle of multiplicō, see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3).
bokeh
Learned borrowing from Japanese 暈(ぼ)け (boke, “blur”), the nominalized form of 暈(ぼ)ける (bokeru, “to blur”).
The terminal -h, absent in the romanization boke, is a pronunciation guide so that it is not pronounced as /boʊk/ as it would be under standard English orthography. Contrast karate and karaoke, which have undergone sound changes.
The term has been used since at least 1996, with the spelling bokeh introduced by editor Mike Johnston in the March–April 1997 issue of Photo Techniques magazine, Johnston writing “it is properly pronounced with bo as in bone and ke as in Kenneth, with equal stress on either syllable”.
Cheng
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 程 (Chéng).
From Cantonese 鄭 /郑 (zeng⁶) and the Wade–Giles Chêng⁴ romanization of Mandarin 鄭 /郑 (Zhèng).
From Hokkien 莊 /庄 (Chng).
From Mandarin 城 (Chéng).
kakiemon
Borrowed from Japanese 柿右衛門様式 (Kakiemon yōshiki, literally “Kakiemon style”). Named after Sakaida Kakiemon (1596-1666), who initially developed the technique.
Ong
From Hokkien 王 (Ông) or 汪 (Ong).
From Vietnamese Ông, from Chinese 翁.
From Taishanese 鄧 /邓 (ang⁵).
Kwok
From Cantonese 郭 (gwok³). Doublet of Guo and Kuo.
buxomness
Inherited from Middle English buxomnesse, buxumnesse (“obedience, meekness, benevolence”); by surface analysis, buxom + ness.
Nuer
Borrowed from Dinka Nuer; the Nuer name is Naath.
keema
From Urdu قیمہ, from Persian قیمه (qime), from Turkic, perhaps Ottoman Turkish قیمه (kıyma), whence Turkish kıyma. Doublet of gheimeh, an Iranian meat stew.
nuqta
From Hindustani نقطہ / नुक़्ता (nuqtā), from Classical Persian نُقْطَه (nuqta), from Arabic نُقْطَة (nuqṭa).
barbat
Borrowed from Persian بربط (barbat, barbot), from Middle Persian, possibly from Ancient Greek βάρβιτος (bárbitos), an unrelated musical instrument.
withset
From Middle English withsetten (“to resist, set against”), from Old English wiþsettan (“to resist; condemn”), equivalent to with- (“against”) + set.
Afyonkarahisar
Borrowed from Turkish Afyonkarahisar, from Ottoman Turkish آفیون قره حصار (afyon kara hisar).
anecic
From French anécique, coined by Marcel B. Bouché, French earthworm biologist (1971), from Ancient Greek ἀνέχω (anékhō, “to rise up, emerge”).
cartful
From Middle English cartful, cartfull, cartefull, equivalent to cart + -ful.
spouseless
From Middle English spouselees, spowseles; equivalent to spouse + -less.
tyrotoxism
From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: tyro- + tox- + -ism; ultimately from Ancient Greek τυρός (turós, “cheese”) + Latin toxicum (“poison”).
mouthless
From Middle English *mouthles, from Old English mūþlēas (“mouthless”), equivalent to mouth + -less.
Chiong
Borrowed from Cantonese 蔣 /蒋 (zoeng²). Doublet of Chiang, Chionh, Jiang, and Kiang.
From Hokkien 衝／冲 (chhiong, “to rush or charge”).
voivodeship
From voivode (“local ruler or official in parts of central and eastern Europe; administrative chief in Poland”) + -ship (suffix forming nouns indicating properties or states of being). Voivode is variously derived from a number of Slavic languages including Bulgarian войвода (vojvoda), Czech vojevoda, Polish wojewoda, Russian воево́да (vojevóda), and Serbo-Croatian vojvoda, војвода, all from Proto-Slavic *vojevoda (“army leader; duke; warlord”), from *voji (“army”) (probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue; to persecute; to suppress”)) + *-e- + *vodìti (“to conduct; to lead”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to lead”)). Sense 3 is a semantic loan from Polish województwo.
Uy
Derived from Khmer អ៊ុយ (ʼuy).
Derived from Hokkien 黃 /黄 (Ûiⁿ), via Spanish Uy.
Chua
Ultimately from Hokkien 蔡 (Chhòa).
retrait
From Middle French retrait. Doublet of retract, retreat, and ritratto.
restauration
From Middle English restauracioun, from Late Latin restaurātiō; compare French restauration.
phenakism
From Ancient Greek φενακιστής (phenakistḗs, “cheat, imposter”).
Totenkopf
Borrowed from German Totenkopf (literally “dead person's head”).
mastika
Ultimately from Ancient Greek μαστίχη (mastíkhē). Doublet of mastic.
mastuprate
From Renaissance or New Latin mastuprari, an alternate form of classical Latin masturbārī, perhaps influenced by stuprō (“defile”). See also mastupration. Attested in English from the late 16th century.
melasma
From Latin melasma, from Ancient Greek μέλασμα (mélasma), from μελαίνειν (melaínein, “to blacken”) + -σμα (-sma), from μέλας (mélas, “black”).
noology
From Ancient Greek νόος (nóos, “mind”) + -λογία (-logía, “-logy”), equivalent to noos + -logy.
angerful
From Middle English angerful, angirfull, equivalent to anger + -ful.
kernicterus
Borrowed from German Kernikterus, from Kern (“nucleus”) + Ikterus (“icterus, jaundice”).
Shahmukhi
From Punjabi شاہ مُکھی (śāh mukhī) / ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ (śāhmukhī, “from the Shah's Mouth”).
myxovirus
From myxo- + virus, from Ancient Greek μύξα (múxa, “mucus”), because they react with mucin (mucoprotein) on the surface of red blood cells.
senet
Borrowed from Egyptian znt — hieroglyphs: z:n-t:N24The full name of the game in Egyptian was znt nt ḥꜥb, which means "game of passing".
Compare with Coptic ⲥⲓⲛⲉ (sine, “passing, afternoon”).
matagouri
From Māori tūmatakuru, with loss of first syllable. Compare tumatakuru.
matatu
Etymology tree
Proto-Bantu *mà-
Proto-Sabaki *ma-
Swahili ma-
Proto-Bantu *-tátʊ̀
Swahili -tatu
Swahili matatubor.
English matatu
From Swahili matatu, a clipping of mapeni matatu (“thirty cents”, literally “three ten-cent coins”), the flat fare paid for such transportation in the 1960s. The word matatu is from ma- (prefix forming plurals) + -tatu (“three”) (from Proto-Bantu *-tátʊ̀ (“three”)).
sloyd
Borrowed from Swedish slöjd (“handicraft, handiwork, skills”). Doublet of sleight.
lentigo
Learned borrowing from Latin lentīgo. Earliest attestation as Late Middle English lentigines (plural).
hypospadias
From Ancient Greek ὑποσπαδίᾱς (hupospadíās, “one who has the orifice of the urethra too low”).
charism
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χάρισμα (khárisma, “grace”). Doublet of charisma.
taifa
From Spanish taifa, from Arabic طَائِفَة (ṭāʔifa, “sect, faction”).
Ponton
Three main origins:
* English and Scottish habitational surname, from the villages of Great and Little Ponton, named probably with an obscure Old English word pamp (“hill”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
* Borrowed from French Ponton.
* Borrowed from Spanish Pontón.
synodal
From Middle English synodal, synodall, from Latin synodālis. By surface analysis, synod + -al.
Great Leap Forward
Calque from Chinese 大躍進／大跃进 (Dàyuèjìn). Coined by a People's Daily commentator in 1957.
fenny
From Middle English fenny, fenni (“marshy, muddy; of meat: putrid, rotten; of a person: sinful, vile”), from Old English fenniġ (“dirty; marshy, muddy, fenny”), from fen, fenn (“marsh, fen; mud”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pen- (“moist, wet; mud; swamp; water”)) + -iġ (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as fen + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives).
lividness
From livid + -ness, originally after Medieval Latin līviditās.
lividity
From Middle English lividite, lyvydite, from Middle French lividité and its etymon Medieval Latin līviditās, from Latin līvidus (“livid”) + -tās (suffix forming abstract nouns). By surface analysis, livid + -ity.
Jacinta
Borrowed from Spanish Jacinta. Variant of Jacinda and Jacintha.
nudzh
From Yiddish נודזש (nudzh, “an annoying, bothersome person”), from Polish nudzić (“to bore”).
ginglymus
From Late Latin, from Ancient Greek γίγγλυμος (gínglumos, “hinge”).
Bauhaus
Borrowed from German Bauhaus (“house of architecture”), from Bau (“building, construction”) + Haus (“house”). The word is derived from the Staatliches Bauhaus (State School of Construction), an art school in Weimar, Germany, founded in 1919 by German architect Walter Gropius (1883–1969).
chervonets
From Russian черво́нец (červónec), derived from черво́нное зо́лото (červónnoje zóloto), "red gold".
camanachd
From Scottish Gaelic camanachd, from caman (“shinty stick”). Cognate with Irish camánacht.
forwhy
From Middle English forwhy, forwhi, from Old English forhwī, forhwȳ (“why, wherefore”). Equivalent to for + why.
Cainamero
English adaptation from Spanish Los Gallinomeros, from Gallina (nickname for a chief, chicken, coward).
cimex
From the genus name Cimex, from Latin cīmex (“bug”). Doublet of chinch.
Dalit
Borrowed from Marathi दलित (dalit, “oppressed”), from Sanskrit दलित (dalita, “broken, destroyed”).
inflative
From Middle English inflātīve (“causing swelling; producing wind”), from Medieval Latin īnflātīvus, from īnflō (“to inflate; to blow into”). Compare the obsolete French adjective inflatif, inflative.
atonia
From New Latin atonia, from Ancient Greek ἀτονία (atonía, “languor”).
Winterbourne
From Old English Winterburna < winter + burna (“stream”), 'the stream that flows in winter'.
From winter + bourne (“seasonal brook or stream”), partly also from the placenames Winterborne, Winterbourne, which are derived from Old English winterburna (“stream that is full in winter”), from winter (from Proto-Germanic *wintruz, further etymology uncertain) + burna (“stream”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil; to brew”)). The Old English word appears to have survived only in placenames.
Feuerstein
Borrowed from German Feuerstein. Doublet of Firestone.
voiturette
Borrowed from French voiturette, first used in 1895 by Léon Bollée to describe his new motor tricycle.
bonehouse
From Old English bānhūs (“the body, the chest, breast”, literally “the bone-house”), equivalent to bone + house.
piemaker
From Middle English piemakere, pyemaker, pye-makyer, equivalent to pie + maker.
delitescent
From Latin delitescens, present participle of delitescere (“to hide away”).
algesia
From French algésie, either a back-formation from analgésie (“analgesia”) – the form *ἀλγησία (*algēsía) is not found in Ancient Greek – or formed directly from Ancient Greek ἄλγησις (álgēsis, “sense of pain”) + -ie (“-ia”).
brimborion
From French brimborion, from Middle French borbotorion, breborion, breborium, brimborion, brinborion, from Ecclesiastical Latin breviārium with influence from Middle French bribe, brimbe. Doublet of breviary and brevier.
matraca
From Spanish matraca, from dialectal Arabic مَطْرَق (maṭraq). See Aramaic מטרקא (mṭrqʾ) for more.
Ringo
From Middle English Ryngros, from Anglo-Norman Ryngotherose, from Norman Ringerose, from Old Norse Hringr, from hringr (“ring”). Compare the surname Ringold.
From Japanese りんご (Ringo), from 林檎(りんご) (ringo, “apple”).
incertain
From Middle English incertayne, borrowed from Middle French incertain, derived in the 14th c. from certain, after Latin incertus (“uncertain”). By surface analysis, in- + certain.
dukun
Borrowed from Malay dukun. Doublet of lokun.
lage
Probably from Irish lag (“weak”), from Old Irish lac, from Proto-Celtic *laggos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₁g-.
matriclinous
From Latin mātr- + -i- + Ancient Greek κλίνειν (klínein) + -ous.
matroclinous
From Latin mātr- + -o- + Ancient Greek κλίνειν (klínein) + -ous.
Fingal
From Scottish Gaelic Fionnghall, from fionn (“fair”) + gall (“stranger”). Used by Macpherson as a rendering of the Irish Fionn mac Cumhail.
From Irish Fine Gall (literally “race of the Norsemen”).
Lilith
Borrowed from Hebrew לִילִית (lîlîṯ).
Lalage
From Ancient Greek λᾰλᾰγή (lălăgḗ, “to prattle”).
Imelda
From Romance (Italian Imelda, Spanish Imelda), from German Irmhild.
paratonia
From para- + -tonia. In the specific use, after French paratonie.
crocotta
From Ancient Greek κροκόττας (krokóttas, “crocotta”, first attested in Strabo's Geographica), which may have been borrowed from Sanskrit.
bentsh
Borrowed from Yiddish בענטשן (bentshn, “to bless”).
uneath
From Middle English unethe, uneathe (“difficult, not easy”), from Old English unēaþe (“difficult, not easy”); equivalent to un- + eath. More at eath, easy.
eath
From Middle English ethe (“easy”), from Old English īeþe, from Proto-Germanic *auþuz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwtus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (“to enjoy, consume”). Cognate with Scots eith (“easy”), Old Saxon ōþi, Old High German ōdi (“easy, effortless”), Middle High German œde (“easy”), Old Norse auðr, auð- (“easy”), Icelandic auð (“(adverb) easily”), auð- (“easy”). More at easy.
soothfast
From Middle English sothfast, from Old English sōþfæst (“true, trustworthy”), from Proto-West Germanic *sanþafast. Equivalent to sooth + fast.
Germanist
Borrowed from German Germanist, along the model of earlier English Romanist (“scholar of Romance languages”). By surface analysis, German + -ist, doublet of Germanicist.
twitchel
Inherited from Middle English twichel, alteration of twychen (with change of suffix), from Old English twiċen (“fork in the road”).
lessness
From Middle English lasnes, lessenesse, equivalent to less + -ness.
styrax
Borrowed from the taxonomic name Styrax. Doublet of storax.
genioglossus
Borrowed from New Latin genīoglōssus, clipping of musculus genīoglōssus (“genioglossal muscle”).
wolven
From Middle English wolven, *wilven, *wulven, perhaps continuing Old English wylfen (“wolfish”), from Proto-West Germanic *wulfīn (“wolfish”), equivalent to wolf + -en. Piecewise doublet of lupine.
kibbutznik
Borrowed from Hebrew קִיבּוּצְנִיק (kibútsnik), from קִיבּוּץ (kibútz, “kibbutz”) + ־נִיק (nik, “-er”). By surface analysis, kibbutz + -nik.
mushaira
From Urdu مشاعره (mušā’ira).
lamblia
From New Latin, Lambl + -ia, named after Austrian physician Vilém Dušan Lambl (1824–1895).
myometrium
From myo- + Late Latin metrium (“womb”), from Ancient Greek μήτριον (mḗtrion, “of a mother”).
Venetic
From Latin veneticus, from Venetia (“land of the Veneti; Venice, Veneto”) + -icus (“-ic: forming adjectives”), from Venetī + -ia, of uncertain origin. Equivalent to Veneti + -ic.
bangda
Borrowed from Marathi बांगडा (bāṅgḍā).
GRU
From Russian ГРУ (GRU), through phonetic transliteration of Гла́вное Разве́дывательное Управле́ние (Glávnoje Razvédyvatelʹnoje Upravlénije) and acronymizing.
mattamore
From French matamore, from Arabic مَطْمُورَة (maṭmūra). Doublet of massymore.
Kazak
Borrowed from Kazakh Ⱪazaⱪ (official Latin orthography in Xinjiang diring 1964–1984).
haimish
From Yiddish היימיש (heymish) (compare German heimisch).
air du temps
Unadapted borrowing from French air du temps (literally “air of the time”).
seise
From Middle English seisen, from Old French seisir (“to put in possession of", "to take possession of”), from Early Medieval Latin sacīre, from Frankish *sakjan (“to sue, bring a legal charge against”), from Proto-Germanic *sakōną (“to charge, seek legal action against”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g- (“to track”). Cognate with Old High German sahhan (“to argue, scold”), Old English sacian (“to strive, contend”). More at sake.
melomakarona
From Greek μελομακάρονα (melomakárona) or μελομακάρονο (melomakárono).
vocalis
Borrowed from Latin vōcālis (“sounding, vocal”), clipping of mūsculus vōcālis (“vocal muscle”). Doublet of vocal and vowel.
Clotilda
A Latinate form of the French Clotilde, of Germanic origin (Proto-Germanic *Hlūdahildiz).
aflaj
Borrowed from Arabic أَفْلَاج (ʔaflāj), plural of فَلَج (falaj, “irrigation channel”).
Costello
* As an Irish surname, reduced Anglicized form of Irish Mac Oisdealbhaigh (“son of Oisdealbhach”), a personal name composed of the elements os (“deer”) and dealbhach (“resembling, in the form of”).
* As an Italian surname, Americanized from Castello.
* As a Serbo-Croatian or Slovene surname, Americanized from Kostelec, Kostevc, from Kostelsko region in Lower Carniola, named after Kostel Castle, from earlier Costel, Slavicized from Latin castrum (“fortress”), hence related to the Italian above.
Onley
From Old English ān (“only, alone”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”).
Zwingli
Borrowed from German Zwingli, itself from Alemannic German Zwingli.
propedeuse
From Ancient Greek προπαίδευσις (propaídeusis), from προπαιδεύω (propaideúō, “I give preparatory instruction”), from πρό (pró, “before”) + παιδεύω (paideúō, “I teach”).
red tea
The “black tea” sense is a calque of Chinese 紅茶 /红茶 (hóngchá, literally “red tea”).
kummelweck
From German Kümmel (“caraway”), Weck (“roll”) (in south-western dialects).
shaheed
From Arabic شَهِيد (šahīd, “martyr, witness”).
Guggenheim
Jewish surname, from Gougenheim in Alsace or Jugenheim in Hesse. The first element could be from the Germanic personal name Gogo(n); the second element is from Old High German heim (“home”).
kohai
Borrowed from Japanese 後(こう)輩(はい) (kōhai, literally “later cohort”). Doublet of hoobae.
Atikamekw
Borrowed from Atikamekw atikamekw (“whitefish”); recorded as Atikamegouékhi in early documents.
algum
From Hebrew אַלְגּוּמִּים (algumím).
shegetz
From Yiddish שייגעץ (sheygets), from Hebrew שֶׁקֶץ (šeqeṣ, “abomination”).
shkotzim
From Yiddish שקצים (shkotsem), from Hebrew שְׁקָצִים (shkatsím), plural of שֶׁקֶץ (shékets, “abomination”).
shipful
From Middle English shipfull, schyp fful, ssipvol, equivalent to ship + -ful.
tournedos
Borrowed from French tournedos, from tourner (“to turn”) + dos (“back”).
marrowsky
First attested in 1859 and most likely derived from Polish Morawski. Generally thought to be named after a Polish nobleman active in London a couple of decades before the word's first attestation who suffered from accidental sound transpositions (possibly Józef Boruwłaski).
culantro
From Spanish culantro, whence also the doublet cilantro, which see for more. Both words are doublets of coriander.
quiltmaker
From Middle English quilte maker, quyltemaker, quyltemakere; equivalent to quilt + maker.
Hogrebe
The name originates from German Gaugraf (“magistrate”), Lower-Saxony. Until now, the oldest document with the name Gogreve comes out of the year 1172: Luithewicus and his brother, priest Thomas, in Medebach.
Baffin
Originated as a nickname for a small or short man, derived from Welsh bach (“little”).
Araucanization
From Spanish araucanización, from Araucanía. By surface analysis, Araucania + -ization.