MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
nomisma
Borrowed from Ancient Greek νόμισμα (nómisma), from νομίζω (nomízō, “to use customarily”) + -μα (-ma, “nominal suffix”), from νόμος (nómos, “custom”) + -ίζω (-ízō, denominative verb suffix), from νέμω (némō, “to distribute”) + -ος (-os).
Related to French numismatique, Latin numismat- + -ique, variant of Latin nomisma, from Ancient Greek νόμισμα (nómisma).
headland
From Middle English hedelond, hedelonde, from Old English hēafodland, hafudland (“boundary, headland”), equivalent to head + land. Eclipsed non-native Middle English chevicir (“headland”), borrowed from Old French chevecier (“head piece”).
stook
From Middle English stowk, stouke, stouc, from or cognate with Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”), from Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”), from Old Saxon *stūkan, from Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”). The modern vocalism is of Northern dialectal origin (for expected stuck; compare duck, puck, and suck).
Cognate with West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”), Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”), German stauchen (“to compress”), Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”).
stoup
From Old Norse staup, from Proto-Germanic *staupo- (whence Old English stēap). See stoop (“a vessel”). More at stop.
indulgent
From Latin indulgēns, indulgentem, present participle of indulgēre.
styptic
Learned borrowing from Latin stypticus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek στυπτικός (stuptikós), from στύφω (stúphō, “to contract”).
forbearing
From Middle English forbering, forberyng, vorberinge, equivalent to forbear + -ing.
unspeakable
From Middle English unspekable, equivalent to un- + speakable.
smother
From Middle English smothren, smortheren, alteration (due to smother, smorther (“a suffocating vapour, dense smoke”, noun)) of Middle English smoren (“to smother”), from Old English smorian (“to smother, suffocate, choke”), from Proto-Germanic *smurōną (“to suffocate, strangle”), probably related to *smallijan (“to burn”) or Old English smoca (“smoke”).
Cognate with Middle Low German smoren, smurten (“to choke, suffocate”), West Flemish smoren (“to smoke, reek”), Dutch smoren (“to suffocate, smother", also "to stew, simmer”), German schmoren (“to stew, simmer, braise”).
From Middle English smother, smorther (“a suffocating vapour, dense smoke”), from Old English smorþor (“smoke”, literally “that which suffocates”), from smorian (“to suffocate, choke”) + -þor (instrumental suffix).
sull
From Old English sulh (“plough”). Compare sullow and Old High German suohili (“little plough”).
narration
From Middle French narration, from Old French narracion, from Latin narrātiō. By surface analysis, Latin narr- + -ate + -ion.
Galicia
From Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a Celtic tribe in the region”).
From Medieval Latin Gallicia or Gallitia, from Old East Slavic Галичь (Galičĭ, “Halych, a city in present-day Ukraine”), ultimate origin uncertain. Halych comes from Halka (Галка) kind of bird or from Old Ukrainian/Rus - Hal' (Галь) that means "black" (чорний).
swink
From Middle English swink, from Old English swinc (“toil, work, effort; hardship; the produce of labour”).
From Middle English swynken, from Old English swincan (“to labour, work”), from Proto-Germanic *swinkaną (“to swing, bend”). Cognate with Old Norse svinka (“to work”).
Babylonia
Borrowed from Latin Babylōnia, from Ancient Greek Βαβυλωνία (Babulōnía), from Βαβυλων (Babulōn, “Babylon”) + -ία (-ía, forming place names for areas). By surface analysis, Babylon + -ia.
Assyria
Etymology tree
Akkadian 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr)
Akkadian 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu)bor.
Ancient Greek Ἀσσῠρίᾱ (Assŭríā)der.
Latin Assyrialbor.
English Assyria
Learned borrowing from Latin Assyria, from Ancient Greek Ἀσσυρία (Assuría), from Akkadian 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu), from 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr, “Assur”), its original capital. Doublet of Syria.
syndic
Borrowed from French syndic (“delegated representative; a chief magistrate of Geneva; a censor; critic (obsolete)”), from Late Latin syndicus (“representative of a corporation or town, syndic”), from Ancient Greek σύνδικος (súndikos, “advocate of a defendant”), from σῠν- (sŭn-, prefix meaning ‘together, with’) + δῐ́κη (dĭ́kē, “law, order; right; judgment; justice; lawsuit; trial”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns).
syrinx
Learned borrowing from Latin sȳrinx (“reed; reed pipe, panpipes”), from Ancient Greek σῦριγξ (sûrinx, “panpipes; pipe-shaped object”), from Pre-Greek. Doublet of syringe.
The plural form syringes is a learned borrowing from Latin sȳringes.
Borrowed from Latin Sȳrinx, from Ancient Greek Σῦρῐγξ (Sûrĭnx).
rotenone
From Japanese ローテン (rōten) + -one (“ketone”), from Hokkien 蘆藤 /芦藤 (lôo-tîn, “Derris elliptica”).
diminution
From Middle English diminucioun, from Anglo-Norman diminuciun, Old French diminucion, from Latin dīminūtiō.
tanist
From Irish tánaiste (“second-in-command”). Doublet of Tánaiste.
lucidity
From French lucidité, from Late Latin lūciditās. By surface analysis, lucid + -ity.
teg
First used to contemptuously refer to a woman, then later applied to a ewe in her second year. Possibly borrowed from Swedish tacka (“ewe”).
anabolism
From Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”) + -ism. Formed in analogy with metabolism.
terrene
From Middle English terrene, from Anglo-Norman terriene, feminine of terrien, from Latin terrēnus, from terra (“earth”).
tetter
From Middle English teter, from Old English teter, tetr, tetra, from Proto-West Germanic *tetru, from Proto-Germanic *tetruz, *tetruhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dedru-, from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to flay, split, crack”).
tettix
From Ancient Greek τέττιξ (téttix), or perhaps a modern Greek descendant thereof.
tewel
From Middle English tuwel, from Old French tueil, tuel, tudel (“tube, pipe”) (whence modern French tuyau), from Vulgar Latin *tūta, from Frankish *thūta (“pipe”), from Proto-Germanic *þeutǭ (“pipe, channel, flow”), from *þeutaną (“to howl, roar, resound”), from Proto-Indo-European *tu-, *tutu- (“bird-cry, shriek”). Compare Spanish and Portuguese tudel, from the same Germanic source.
thanadar
From Urdu ثاندار (thānadār), from ثانا (thānā, “thana”) + دار- (-dār, “holder”).
thana
Transliteration of Hindi थाना (thānā), from Sanskrit स्थान (sthāna, “military outpost”). Doublet of Thane.
cambist
From French cambiste, Italian cambista, from Latin cambire (“to exchange”). See change.
sisterhood
From Middle English susterhede; equivalent to sister + -hood (with a modification in the suffix).
nychthemeron
From Ancient Greek νυχθήμερον (nukhthḗmeron), noun use of the neuter singular form of νυχθήμερος (nukhthḗmeros, “lasting a day and night”), from νύξ (núx, “night”) + ἡμέρα (hēméra, “day”).
call a spade a spade
A mistaken translation of Ancient Greek τὰ σῦκα σῦκα, τὴν σκάφην δὲ σκάφην ὀνομάσων (tà sûka sûka, tḕn skáphēn dè skáphēn onomásōn, “calling figs figs, and a trough a trough”). The word σκάφη (skáphē, “trough”) was mistranslated by the Renaissance scholar Desiderius Erasmus as σκαφείον (skapheíon, “digging tool”).
kas
Borrowed from Dutch kas (“cupboard, chest, case”), from Middle Dutch kasse, casse, from Old French casse, from Latin capsa (“box, chest, case”).
ikra
Borrowed from Russian икра́ (ikrá). Doublet of ikura, and possibly hepar.
imprimatur
From Latin imprimātur (“let it be printed”), third person singular present subjunctive passive form of imprimere (“to imprint”).
thole
From Middle English thōle, from tholen, tholien, from Old English þolian, from Proto-West Germanic *þolēn, from Proto-Germanic *þulāną (“to suffer”), from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear, suffer; to support”), compare Norwegian Bokmål tåle.
From Middle English thō̆le (“a peg”), from Old English þol, þoll (“oar-pin, rowlock; thole”), from Proto-West Germanic *þoll, from Proto-Germanic *þullaz, *þullō (“beam; thole”), from Proto-Indo-European *tūl-, *twel- (“bush; sphere”). The word is cognate with Danish told (“thole”), Dutch dol (“thole; oarlock”), Low German Doll (“thole; oarlock”).
Anglicization of Latin tholus (“cupola, dome, rotunda”), from Ancient Greek θόλος (thólos, “dome, vault”), further etymology uncertain but possibly cognate with θᾰ́λᾰμος (thắlămos, “bedroom; inner chamber”) and/or English dale. Doublet of tholus and tholos.
tepe
Borrowed from Turkish tepe.
* As a north/Low German and east/Saterland Frisian surname, variant of Tebbe.
* As a Turkish surname, from the noun tepe (“peak, hill”).
thrasonical
From Latin Thrasō, Thrason-, the name of a boastful soldier in the play Eunuchus by Terence. The name is derived from Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “bold, audacious”).
thurible
Originated 1400–50 from late Middle English turrible, from thoryble, from Latin thūribulum (“censer”), equivalent to thūs (“incense”) (root: thūr-) (from Ancient Greek θύος (thúos, “burnt offering”)) + -bulum (“instrumental suffix”).
tilak
From Sanskrit तिलक (tilaka).
Borrowed from Sanskrit तिलक (tilaka).
titubate
From Latin titubatus, past participle of titubare (“to stagger, totter”).
Abbas
From Arabic عَبَّاس (ʕabbās, “one who frowns a lot; untamed lion”), from عَبَسَ (ʕabasa, “to frown”), the title of the eightieth sura of the Qur'an.
MiG
From Russian МиГ (MiG), from Микоя́н (Mikoján) (from Armenian Միկոյան (Mikoyan)) + Гуре́вич (Gurévič), the names of the original designers: Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevich.
mousehole
From Middle English mosse hole, mowse hole; equivalent to mouse + hole.
kile
From Middle English kile, kyle, kylle, from Old Norse kýli (“boil”), from Proto-Germanic *kūlǭ, *kūlijǭ (“boil”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewl- (“vessel, bowl, ball”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve, vault”). Cognate with Icelandic kýli (“wen, boil”), Swedish kula (“boil, bulge; pit”), Danish kule (“boil, bump; pit”), German Keule (“club”), German Kuhle (“hollow”), Dutch kuil (“pit, hole”). See also keel.
pendeloque
Borrowed from French pendeloque (“hanging object; religious medallion, probably in pendant form; jewel hanging from an earring; small crystal piece, especially one hanging from a chandelier”) [and other forms], from Old French pendeloche (“penis”) (apparently a hapax legomenon), from pendeler (“to dangle”) + -oche (suffix forming nouns from verbs), with the ending possibly influenced by breloque (“charm for a bracelet”). Pendeler is derived from pendre (“to hang”) + -eler (frequentative suffix); and pendre from Latin pendere, the present active infinitive of pendeō (“to hang (down)”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to stretch”).
telt
From Middle English telt, dialectal first and third person singular past indicative of Middle English tellen, equivalent to tell + -t.
tarka
Borrowed from Hindustani तड़का / تڑکا (taṛkā).
geal
From Middle English gelen, from Old French geler, from Latin gelāre, from gelu. See gelid. Scots jeel, geal.
horribly
From Middle English horribly, horribely, horribliche, horriblelyche, equivalent to horrible + -ly.
triclinium
Borrowed from Latin trīclīnium, from Ancient Greek τρικλίνιον (triklínion).
astrobleme
1963, from astro- + Ancient Greek βλῆμα (blêma, “wound from a missile”)
torchecul
From French torche-cul, from torche (“wipe”) + cul (“arse”).
magneton
Borrowed from French magnéton, from magnétique + -on, equivalent to magnet + -on.
lumpish
Partly:
* from Late Middle English lumprissh, lumpryssh (“of a somewhat lumpy consistency”), from lumpe (“mass of material; excrescence, swelling; mass of people, crowd; useless person”) or lumpred (“piled up or twisted into lumps”) (both possibly related to Proto-Germanic *limpaną (“to glide; to go; to hang limply”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lembʰ- (“to hang limply”)) + -ish (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of the nature of; similar to; somewhat’); and
* from lump (noun, verb) + -ish.
Compare English lumber.
choline
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-
Proto-Hellenic *kʰolā́
Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ)der.
English choline
Coined from Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).
The chemical compound was first isolated by Adolph Strecker from pig and ox bile (hence the name) in 1862. It was also named neurine when chemically synthesized by Oscar Liebreich in 1865, until 1898 when shown to be identical to choline.
veldskoen
Borrowed from Dutch veldschoen (Cape Dutch), from vel (“skin, hide”) + schoen (“shoe”); later reinforced by Afrikaans veldskoen.
commonweal
From Middle English comun wele, commen wele, comune wele, equivalent to common (“public”) + weal (“well-being”). By the 1520s used by some authors as the equivalent of res publica (republic), alongside commonwealth from about the same time.
marcasite
Etymology tree
Sumerian 𒈥𒄩𒅆𒆠der.
Arabic مَرْقَشِيتَا (marqašītā)der.
English marcasite
From Medieval Latin marchasita et al., from Arabic مَرْقَشِيتَا (marqašītā).
yclept
PIE word
 *ḱóm
From Middle English yclept, ycleped, iclept [and other forms] (i-, y- (prefix forming past participles) + clepen (“to say, speak, utter; to call, shout; to name; to address; to appeal to, beg, pray; to ask, request; to appear; to send for, summon; to convene; to call forth, induce; to lay claim”) + -ed, -t (suffix forming past participles of weak verbs)), from Old English ġeclypod, ġeclipod (ġe- (suffix forming past participles or participle adjectives) + clypian, clipian (“to call out, cry; to appeal”) (West Saxon) [and other forms] + -od (suffix forming past participles)). Clipian is derived from Proto-Germanic *klipjaną, *klapjaną (“to be noisy; to chatter”), probably related to *klappōną (“to clap, pound, or strike (especially two things against each other); to make loud noises, especially breathing or pulsating; to chatter”), and ultimately onomatopoeic. Doublet of clap.
clepe
From Middle English clepen, clepien, from Old English cleopian, clipian (“to speak, cry out, call, summon, invoke, cry to, implore”), from Proto-Germanic *klipōną (“to ring, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *gal- (“to sound”). Cognate with Old Frisian klippa, kleppa (“to ring”), Dutch kleppen (“to toll, chatter”), Middle Low German kleppen (“to strike, sound”), Middle Low German kleperen (“to rattle”).
bolshie
From Bolshevik (Russian большеви́к (bolʹševík), the socialist party in the 1918 Russian Revolution, from Russian большевики́ (bolʹševikí, “majority faction”), + -ie.
logy
Attested from the 19th century, of uncertain origin, perhaps from Dutch log (“heavy, dull”).
spatter
Probably from Middle Low German or Dutch spatten (“to spout, burst”) + -er (frequentative suffix). Related to spit (“saliva”).
sculpt
From French sculpter, from Latin sculpō (“to cut out, carve in stone”).
dietetic
From Latin diaeteticus, from Ancient Greek διαιτητικός (diaitētikós).
prospectus
From French prospectus (“a prospectus”), borrowed from Latin prospectus. Doublet of prospect and prospekt.
letch
From Middle English leche, for example Sandy's Letch located east of Annitsford in North Tyneside.
knighthood
From Middle English knyghthode, knyȝthod, from Old English cnihthād, from Proto-West Germanic *knehtahaidu, equivalent to knight + -hood. Cognate with Dutch knechtheid, dialectal German Knechtheit.
light-footed
From Middle English liȝtfoted, liht fotyd, alteration of earlier lyghtfote, liȝtt-fot (“light-footed”), equivalent to light + foot + -ed.
ligation
Borrowed from Late Latin ligatio, ligationis, from Latin ligo. Doublet of liaison.
Roland
From Old French, from Frankish *Hrōþiland (literally “fame-land”). Name of a paladin of Charlemagne in medieval French romance. Doublet of Orlando.
liniment
From Middle English lynyment (“something used for smearing or anointing”), a learned borrowing from Late Latin linīmentum.
fardel
A clipped form of Middle English ferthendel (literally “fourth part”), equivalent to fourth + deal. Cognate with Dutch vierendeel (“a fourth part, quarter”), German Viertel (“a quarter, fourth”), Danish fjerdedel (“a quarter”), Swedish fjärdedel (“a fourth, quarter”).
From Middle English fardel, from Old French fardel (“pack, bundle”), from Spanish fardel, diminutive of fardo (“pack, bundle”), from Arabic فَرْد (fard, “one of a pair”), as applied to saddlebags.
Kohl
From the German surname, from Kohl (“cabbage”). Compare Koehl, Cole, Coll, Kail, Kale.
From Arabic كُحْل (kuḥl, “antimony; kohl, stibnite (powdered antimony)”). Doublet of alcohol and alcool.
corsair
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-
Proto-Indo-European *-éti
Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥séti
Proto-Italic *korzō
Medieval Latin currō
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Italic *-tus
Medieval Latin -tus
Medieval Latin cursus
Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.
Proto-Italic *-āsjos
Medieval Latin -āriusnom.
Medieval Latin -ārius
Medieval Latin cursāriusder.
Italian corsarobor.
French corsairebor.
English corsair
Borrowed from French corsaire, from Medieval Latin cursārius (“pirate”), from Latin cursus (“course, a running; plunder, hostile inroad”). Doublet of courser and hussar.
travois
PIE word
 *tréyes
The noun is derived from Michif travawy (IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /tɹæˈvɔɪ/), from Canadian French travail (“travois”), from French travail, from Middle French travail, from Old French travail (“frame for restraining horses and cattle for medical treatment or shoeing”), from Late Latin tripālium (“torture device consisting of three stakes”), from Latin tripālis (“having, or propped up by, three pales or stakes”) (from tri- (prefix meaning ‘three’) + pālus (“pale, stake”)) + -ium (suffix forming nouns). Doublet of travel and travail.
The spelling travois and pronunciations /ˈtɹævwɑ(ː)/, /tɹævˈwɑ/ are probably influenced by French -ois (suffix forming adjectives relating to particular countries, regions, or cities, their associated inhabitant names, and the local languages or dialects).
The verb is derived from the noun.
suitor
From Middle English sutour, from Anglo-Norman suytour, seuter, from Late Latin secutor (“follower, pursuer”).
oo-
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ᾠο- (ōio-), combining form of ᾠόν (ōión, “egg”). Doublet of ovi-.
ekphrastic
From Ancient Greek ἐκφραστικός (ekphrastikós).
impregnable
From Late Middle English imprenable, impregnable (“impossible to capture, impregnable”), from Old French imprenable (modern French imprenable (“impregnable”)), from im- (a variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + prenable (“(military) of a building, position, etc.: takable”) (from prendre (“to take”) + -able (suffix meaning ‘creating an effect or influence’)). Prendre is derived from Latin prēndere, present active infinitive of prēndō, a variant of prehendō (“to catch, lay hold of; to grasp; to grab, snatch; to seize, take”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to find; to hold; to seize, take”). The intrusive g in the English word was modelled after words like deign and reign.
PIE word
 *h₁én
From impregnate (verb) + -able (suffix meaning ‘able or fit to be done’ forming adjectives). Impregnate is either derived from impregnate (“pregnant”, adjective), or from its etymon Medieval Latin or Late Latin impraegnātus (“made pregnant”), past participle of impraegnō (“to make pregnant”), from Latin im- (a variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘in, inside, within’)) + praegnāre (“pregnant”) (from praegnāns, a variant of praegnās (“pregnant”), from prae- (prefix meaning ‘before; in front’) + *gnāscor (archaic), nāscor (“to be born; to grow, spring forth; to arise, proceed”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”)).
Hippocratic
Borrowed from Medieval Latin Hippocraticus, equivalent to Hippocrates + -ic.
cucaracha
Borrowed from Spanish cucaracha (“cockroach”). Doublet of cockroach.
San Diego
Borrowed from Spanish San Diego (literally “Saint Didacus”). Diego is a name on itself not a diminutive of anything as previously identified here as: Santiago (“Saint James”).
conga
For the dance:
* Borrowed from Spanish Congo (“Congo dance”), so-called for being of sub-Saharan African origin.
cometh
From Middle English cometh, cumeþ, comth, cumþ, kimeð, from Old English cymþ, cymeþ, from Proto-Germanic *kwimidi, third person singular indicative of Proto-Germanic *kwemaną (“to come”), equivalent to come + -eth. Cognate with Saterland Frisian kumt, West Frisian komt, Dutch komt, German Low German kummt, German kommt.
chloroform
Borrowed from French chloroforme, portmanteau of terchloride (tertiary chloride, trichloride) and formyle (CH, an obsolete radical of formic acid) by Jean-Baptiste Dumas, from 1834. By surface analysis, chloro- + -form.
bullock
From Middle English bullok, from Old English bulluc, from Proto-West Germanic *bulluk, corresponding to bull + -ock (diminutive suffix). Compare Old Dutch bullok (“bullock”).
armada
Borrowed from Spanish armada (“fleet, navy”), from Medieval Latin armāta, from the feminine past participle of Latin armō, from arma. Doublet of army.
tump
Compare Welsh twmp, twm; also Sicilian timpa.
Apheresis of mattump, metump, possibly from a Penobscot descendant of Proto-Algonquian *wetempi (“head”).
Diwali
Borrowed from Hindi दिवाली (divālī), from Sanskrit दीपावलि (dīpāvali, literally “row of lights”), from दीप (dīpa, “light”) + आवलि (āvali, “series, line, row”). Doublet of Deepavali.
Mustique
Derived from French moustique (“mosquito, Culicidae sp.”).
bookmark
From Middle English *boke-merk, *boke-merke (attested only in the bare form merk (“bookmark”)), equivalent to book + mark. Cognate with Danish bogmærke (“bookmark”), Swedish bokmärke (“bookmark”), Norwegian bokmerke (“bookmark”), Icelandic bókamerki (“bookmark”). Eclipsed non-native Old English æstel (“bookmark”), from Old Irish astal, from Latin hastula (“little spear, splint”).
greedily
From Middle English gredyly, gredily, from Old English grǣdiglīce, grǣdelīce; equivalent to greedy + -ly.
schm-
Borrowed from Yiddish שמ־ (shm-), imitative of many Yiddish words such as schmaltz or schmuck.
Kolar
Ultimately, from Proto-Slavic *kolařь (“wheelwright”), via various languages, including:
* Czech Kolář, from kolář.
* Slovak Kolár, from kolár.
* Serbo-Croatian Kolar, from kolar.
* Slovene Kolar, from kolar.
twosome
From Middle English twosome, equivalent to two + -some. Cognate with Scots twasome, twaesome (“twosome”).
mala fide
Unadapted borrowing from Latin malā fidē (“in bad faith”).
Gowda
Borrowed from Kannada ಗೌಡ (gauḍa); this surname is predominantly found in Karnataka.
Andhra Pradesh
Borrowed from Hindi आंध्र प्रदेश (āndhra pradeś).
bedew
From Middle English bidewen, bideawen; equivalent to be- + dew. Cognate with Dutch bedauwen (“to bedew”), German betauen (“to bedew”).
nutritious
Learned borrowing from Latin nūtrītius, from nūtrītus, from nūtrīre.
Lancaster
From Middle English Lancaster, Loncastre, the name of the Roman fort on the River Lune, from Lune + the Old English suffix ceaster (“town”), found in many placenames.
fauces
Borrowing from Latin faucēs (“the upper part of a throat”).
optime
Borrowed from Latin optimē (“very well”), in the phrase optimē disputāstī (“you have disputed very well”), formerly used in reporting results at Cambridge.
Wilhelmina
Borrowed from German Wilhelmina, equivalent to Wilhelm + -ina.
hoo-ha
Perhaps from Yiddish הו־האַ (hu-ha, “a hullabaloo”).
The second sense is likely expressive; compare such similar terms in other languages as Spanish juju.
catchpole
From Old French chacepol (“one who chases fowls”) (or a northern variant thereof).
From Anglo-Norman cachepole, a compound of cachier (“to catch”) + pol (“fowl”), a nickname given to a bailiff, originally empowered to seize poultry and other livestock in case of default on debts or taxes.
ukiyo-e
Borrowed from Japanese 浮世絵 (ukiyoe), from 浮 (uki, “floating, fleeting”) + 世 (yo, “world; era”) + 絵 (e, “image, picture”).
Campbell
* As a Scottish surname, from Scottish Gaelic Caimbeul, from cam (“crooked”) + beul (“mouth”). Compare Cameron, from Scottish Gaelic cam (“crooked”) + sròn (“nose”).
* As an Irish surname, from Mac Cathmhaoil (“son of Cathmhaol”), see Caulfield, Cowell.
* As an English surname, variant of Camel, probably influenced by the above.
* (duck breed): Developed by Adele Campbell.
Sophocles
From Latin Sophoclēs from Ancient Greek Σοφοκλῆς (Sophoklês).