MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
affaire d'honneur
Borrowed from French affaire d'honneur (“matter of honour”).
sonkyo
From Japanese 蹲踞 (sonkyo), from Middle Chinese 蹲踞 (MC dzwon kjoH).
debellate
First attested in 1611; borrowed from Latin dēbellātus, perfect passive participle of dēbellō (“to subdue”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of debel.
Sandoval
From Spanish, named after the city in Burgos Province, Spain, from Old Spanish Sannoval, from Latin saltus (“grove”) + novālis (“newly cleared land”).
tunica
From Latin tunica. Doublet of tunic and maybe distantly related to chiton.
entero-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Indo-European *-teros
Proto-Indo-European *h₁énterosder.
Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron)der.
New Latin entero-bor.
English entero-
From New Latin entero-, combining form from Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”).
rationalisation
Borrowed from French rationalisation, equivalent to rational + -isation or rationalise + -ation.
guarri
From Khwe gwarri (which also derived Zulu umgwali).
irremissible
From Middle English irremyssible, from Old French irremissible, from Late Latin irremissibilis, from in- + remissus + -ibilis.
Almaty
Transliteration from Kazakh Алматы (Almaty), which is an adjective form of алма (alma, “apple”).
Alma-Ata
Borrowed from Russian Алма́-Ата́ (Almá-Atá).
DIGOS
Borrowed from Italian DIGOS (“Divisione Investigazioni Generali e Operazioni Speciali”).
sorrowfulness
Inherited from Middle English sorwefulnesse; by surface analysis, sorrowful + ness.
Euamerion
From Ancient Greek Εὐαμερίων (Euameríōn), from εὐ- (eu-) + ἁμἐρα (hamera) + -ίων (-íōn).
eutopia
From eu- + Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place”) + -ia.
echinus
From Latin echīnus (“hedgehog; sea urchin”), from Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos).
dast
Variant of darst, from Middle English darst, from Old English dearst.
speedful
From Middle English speedful, spedeful, spedful (“successful, prosperous”), equivalent to speed + -ful.
orichalcum
Learned borrowing from Latin orichalcum, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ὀρείχαλκος (oreíkhalkos), from dative singular of ὄρος (óros, “mountain”) + χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”).
ferruginous
Borrowed from Latin ferrūgineus, from ferrūgo (“rust”).
viscacha
Borrowed from Spanish vizcacha, from Quechua wisk'acha.
heddle
From Middle English helde, from Old English hefeld, from the root of Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, heave”), from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Cognate with Old Saxon hevild, Middle Low German hevelte, Icelandic hafald.
director general
A calque of French directeur général, hence the unusual order of adjective following noun.
scazon
From Latin scāzon, from Ancient Greek σκάζων (skázōn), from σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).
nispero
From Spanish níspero (“medlar, loquat”), from Latin mespilum (“medlar”).
quadriga
From Latin quadrīgae, literally "four yoked", from quattuor (“four”) + iugum (“yoke”).
earth-fast
From Middle English *erthfast, *erthfeste, from Old English eorþfæst (“earthfast, fixed in the earth, firm in the earth”), equivalent to earth + fast.
eldfather
From Middle English eldfader, variant of olde fader, from Old English eald fæder (“grandfather, ancestor”), equivalent to eld (“old”) + father. Cognate with Scots eldfader (“grandfather, father-in-law”), Old Frisian aldafeder (“grandfather”).
eldmother
From Middle English eldmoder, from Old English eald mōdor (“grandmother”), equivalent to eld (“old”) + mother. Cognate with Scots eldmoder, eldmother (“mother-in-law”), Old Frisian aldemōder.
evenhood
From Middle English *evenhode, evenhede, equivalent to even + -hood.
forswunk
From Middle English forswunken, past participle of forswinken (“to overwork”), equivalent to for- + swunk. More at forswink.
gowl
From Old English gaulen, goulen. Compare yawl (intransitive verb).
Ingush
From Russian Ингуши (Inguši), from Ангушт (Angušt), a former important settlement of the people.
halmote
From Old English *heallġemōt (unattested), from heall (“hall”) + ġemōt (“meeting”).
Kalmyk
Transliteration of Russian калмы́к m anim sg (kalmýk, noun), itself a Turkic exonym ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kāl-mak (“to stay behind”, literally “those who stayed behind”).
nuque
From Middle French nuque, nuche, from Medieval Latin nucha, from Arabic نُخَاع (nuḵāʕ). Doublet of nucha.
Tanaka
Borrowed from Japanese 田(た)中(なか) (tanaka).
brachycephalic
From brachy- + cephalic, literally “short-headed”, via New Latin brachycephalus, from Ancient Greek βραχυκέφαλος (brakhuképhalos), from βραχύς (brakhús, “short”) + κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”).
sartorius
From Latin sartor (“tailor, mender”) + -ius. The connection with this occupation follows from the fact that tailors typically worked in a seated position with fabric spread out in their lap, resting the ankle of one lower leg on the opposite knee for support. The sartorius muscle is important to maintaining this posture.
Chuvashia
From Russian Чува́шия (Čuvášija).
Kalmykia
Fom Russian Калмы́кия (Kalmýkija).
Ingushetia
Borrowed from Russian Ингуше́тия (Ingušétija, “[place] of the Ingush”), itself from Georgian ინგუშეთი (ingušeti).
Bashkortostan
Transliteration of Russian Башкортоста́н (Baškortostán), from Bashkir Башҡортостан (Başqortostan).
Crist
Apparently from Old English Crīst, Crist (the vowel may originally have been long in early OE, with subsequent shortening in late OE, see Notes for Christmas on the OED.com website), possibly applied as a nickname for someone who played the part of Christ in a pageant, or alternatively a pet form of the personal names Christian or Christopher.
verge staff
Originally just verge (from Latin virga (“staff, rod”)); it acquired the extra staff for clarity.
wrine
Alteration (due to wrinkle) of earlier rine (“ditch, trench”), from Middle English rune, rone, from Old English ryne (“a watercourse, flow”), from rinnan (“to run”). More at run, runnel.
sloom
From Middle English *sloume, sloumbe, slume, from Old English sluma (“sleep, slumber”), from Proto-Germanic *slūm- (“to be slack, loose, or limp”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lew- (“limp, flabby”). Compare slumber and Dutch sloom.
From Middle English slumen, slummen, from Old English *slūmian (“to slumber, sleep gently”), from Proto-Germanic *slūm- (“to be slack, loose, or limp”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lew- (“limp, flabby”).
trichoma
From New Latin, from Ancient Greek τρίχωμα (tríkhōma), from θρίξ (thríx, “hair”) + -μα (-ma). Doublet of trichome.
hortensia
From the genus name, New Latin Hortensia, from hortēnsius (“of the garden”), from hortēnsis.
Borrowed from Spanish Hortensia.
mother's milk
From Middle English moderis mylke, equivalent to mother + -'s + milk.
cow milk
From Middle English cowe mylke, cowmylke, from Old English cū meoluc; equivalent to cow + milk.
synonymia
Learned borrowing from Latin synōnymia, from Ancient Greek συνωνυμία (sunōnumía). Doublet of synonymy.
Obama
Etymology tree
Luo obam
Luo Mobamder.
English Obama
A corruption of the Luo by-name Mobam (“born with a crooked back”), itself from Luo obam (“to lean or bend”).
Ulan-Ude
Borrowed from Russian Ула̀н-Удэ́ (Ulàn-Udɛ́), from Buryat Ulaan-Yde (created in 1934; later since 1939 in Cyrillic as Улаан-Үдэ).
Elista
Transliteration of Russian Элиста́ f inan (Elistá), which is from Written Oirat ᡄᠯᡄᠰᡉᡐᡉ (elesütü, “sandy; Elista”, ornative adjective and proper noun).
Yakutsk
Borrowed from Russian Яку́тск (Jakútsk).
Kyzyl
Borrowed from Russian Кызы́л (Kyzýl), from Tuvan Кызыл (Kızıl, literally “red”), honoring the communist movement.
Izhevsk
Borrowed from Russian Иже́вск (Ižévsk).
Ciskei
From Afrikaans Ciskei, analyzable in English as cis- + Kei (in reference to the Great Kei River; hence literally “on this side of the Kei River”, as opposed to Transkei.
Biloxi
Borrowed from French bilocchy (recorded by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville in 1699), itself a corruption of Biloxi Tanêks ąyaadi (literally “first people”). The shift of /t/ to /b/ and /n/ to /l/ occurred via Mobilian, however James Owen Dorsey has stated that this “agrees with the laws of Siouan consonant changes”.
anacreontic
From Late Latin Anacreonticus, from Ancient Greek Ἀνακρέων (Anakréōn), Anacreon a Greek poet.
warison
Borrowed from Middle Scots warisoun, from Middle English warisoun (“reward, punishment”), from Old Northern French warison, variant garison, guarison. Doublet of garrison.
The change in sense from "reward" to "bugle call" arose from Walter Scott's apparent misinterpretation of a line in the Middle English text The Battle of Otterburn, equivalent to modern English "Minstrels, play up for your warison".
rogation
Borrowed from Latin rogātiō, from rogō (“request”). By surface analysis, Latin rog- + -ate + -ion.
Russki
Borrowed from Russian ру́сский (rússkij, “Russian”). First attested in 1858.
informatisation
Probably borrowed from French informatisation. By surface analysis, information + -isation or informatise + -ation.
hereditament
Inherited from Middle English hereditament, from Anglo-Norman hereditament or its etymon Medieval Latin hērēditāmentum, from Late Latin hērēditō (“to inherit”), from hērēs (“heir”).
beatificate
From Latin beātificāt-, the perfect passive participial stem of beātificō (“to bless, to make happy”). Equivalent to beatific + -ate.
morsure
Inherited from Middle English morsure, from Middle French or Anglo-Norman morsure, from Early Medieval Latin morsūra, from mordēre, morsum (“to bite”) + -ūra (“ure”).
deuteragonist
From Ancient Greek δευτεραγωνιστής (deuteragōnistḗs, literally “second actor”), originally in Greek drama, from ἀγωνιστής (agōnistḗs, “a combatant, pleader, actor”).
By surface analysis, deuter- (“second”) + agonist (“combatant, participant”).
laccolith
From Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, “cistern”) + -lith.
Paymon
From Classical Persian پیمان (paymān, literally “pact, promise, commitment”), possibly transmitted via Tajik Паймон (Paymon) based on transliteration.
intemerate
First attested in 1492, in Middle English; borrowed from Latin intemerātus, from in- (“not”) + temerātus, perfect passive participle of temerō (“to violate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from temerē (“by chance, casually, rashly”).
syntaxis
From the Late Latin syntaxis, from the Ancient Greek σύνταξις (súntaxis). Doublet of syntax.
Yanjing
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 燕京 (Yānjīng), composed of 燕 (Yān, the name of one of the powers of the Warring States Period during the Zhou Dynasty) and 京 (jīng, "capital").
cyma
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *ḱúh₁mn̥
Proto-Hellenic *kūmə
Ancient Greek κῦμᾰ (kûmă)bor.
New Latin cȳmabor.
English cyma
From New Latin cȳma (“young sprout or shoot of cabbage”) (whence the botanic usage of cyme), from Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma, “swell, wave”, “cyma”, “sprout of a plant”), from κύω (kúō, “to conceive, to become pregnant”).
For more information, click to expand this box.
Most English coinages on this root are formed on its short stem, κῡμ- (kūm-). The fact that the Ancient Greek etymon only inflects as a third-declension neuter noun has led some writers to prescribe forms that preserve the root’s long stem, κῡματ- (kūmat-), for philological reasons (see, for example, the 1903 and 1908 citations of cymatoscope), but such forms are rare.
Latinate phrases that include cyma, namely cyma inversa, cyma recta, and cyma reversa, show that, when employed as a Latin word, cȳma is treated as a first-declension feminine noun rather than as third-declension neuter consonant-stem noun.
There are several Classical precedents, both from Latin and from Ancient Greek, for formations on the short stem (κῡμ- (kūm-)) of this root, although formations on the long stem (κῡματ- (kūmat-)) are more common in Ancient Greek; consequently, whereas formations on the long stem may be preferable, especially when combined with other Ancient Greek elements, formations on the short stem are by no means incorrect.
donzella
From Italian donzella, from Old Occitan donçela, donsela, from Vulgar Latin *domnicella. Compare donzel. Doublet of damsel, demoiselle, and doncella.
Mays
* As an English surname, variant of Mayes.
* As a German surname, variant of Mais.
* As a Dutch surname, from a short form of Thomas.
rectrix
Learned borrowing from Latin rēctrīx (“one who directs”). By surface analysis, rector + -trix.
menology
Partially from meno- (“month-”) + -ology (“study, account”) and partially from anglicization of Medieval Latin mēnologium and Byzantine Greek μηνολόγιον (mēnológion), q.v. Doublet of menologion, menologium, and menologe.
menologe
From French ménologe, from Latin mēnologium, q.v. Doublet of menologion, menologium, and menology.
menaion
From New Latin mēnaion, from Ancient Greek μηναῖος (mēnaîos, “lunar”).
ambilevous
First attested in English in 1646: from Latin ambilaevus (ambi- (“both”) + laevus (“left”)), a calque of Ancient Greek ἀμφαρίστερος (ampharísteros, “with two left hands, awkward, clumsy”) from ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides”) + ἀριστερός (aristerós, “left”).
dissertate
First attested in 1766; borrowed from Latin dissertātus, perfect passive participle of dissertō (“to argue, discuss”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), frequentative of disserō. Doublet of dissert.
portrayer
From Middle English portraer, portrayer, portreyour, purtrayour, purtreoure, purtreyour, from Middle French portraieor, pourtraiour; equivalent to portray + -er.
globin
Etymology tree
Latin globus
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos
Proto-Italic *-īnos
Latin -īnusder.
German -in
German Globinbor.
English globin
Borrowed from German Globin, from Latin globus.
tartlet
From Middle English tartelet, from Old French tartelette; equivalent to tart + -let.
hydriad
From Ancient Greek ὑδριάς (νύμφη) (hudriás (númphē), “(nymph) of the water”).
toller
From Middle English toller, from Old English tollere; equivalent to toll + -er, from the noun.
bult
From Afrikaans bult, that from Dutch bult.
* As a Dutch surname, from several placenames derived from bult (“bump, hump”).
* As an English and Dutch surname, variant of Bolt.
Aurelian
From Latin Aurelianus, derivative of the gens name Aurelius (“golden”).
enhypostasia
Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin enhypostasia, from Ancient Greek ἐν (en, “in”) + ὑπόστασις (hupóstasis, “existence; essence; substance”) + -ία (-ía, suffix forming nouns). ὑπόστασις is in turn derived from ῠ̔πο- (hŭpo-, “below, under”) + στάσις (stásis, “standing”). Compare Ancient Greek ἐνυπόστατος (enupóstatos, “substantial”).
The word is analysable as en- + hypostasis + -ia.
gallowglass
From Irish gallóglach (“foreign soldier”), from Gall (“foreigner, non-Gaelic person”) + óglách (“soldier”).
doline
From a Slavic (most likely Russian or Slovene) word dolina ("valley"), perhaps via German Doline.
ovoviviparous
From ovo- +, from Latin ōvum (“egg”) + -o-, + viviparous, from Latin vīviparus, from vīvus (“alive, life, living”) + pariō (“give birth, produce, bring forth”).
propulsor
From the participle stem of Latin prōpellō (“propel”) + -or.
omoplate
From French omoplate, from Ancient Greek ὠμοπλάτη (ōmoplátē, “shoulder blade”), from ὦμος (ômos, “shoulder”) + πλάτη (plátē, “something flat or broad”). By surface analysis, omo- (“shoulder”) + plate.
Ivalo
Borrowed from Finnish Ivalo, from Inari Sami Avveel.
phrenic
From New Latin phrenicus, from Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “diaphragm”).
acault
A mistranslation of Burmese အခြောက် (a.hkrauk /⁠ăhcauʔ⁠/, “dry article; homosexual man”), from အ (a. /⁠ă⁠/, noun-forming prefix) + ခြောက် (hkrauk /⁠hcauʔ⁠/, “dry”). Apparently introduced before 1987 by Coleman et al. (see quotation below) who had an "inability to speak the local languages" and a "lack of training in anthropology".
myctophid
From translingual Myctophidae, from Ancient Greek μυκτήρ (muktḗr, “nose”) + ὄφις (óphis, “serpent”).
pillowbeer
From earlier pillowbere, from pillow + bear (“pillowcase”), from Middle English bēre (“pillowcase”), from Old English *bera (as in Old English hlēorbera (“cheek-cover”)), of obscure and uncertain origin.
ruly
From Middle English rewly, ruly, rewely, reweliche, from Old English hrēowlīċ (“grievous, pitiful, sad, wretched, cruel”), equivalent to rue + -ly.
From Middle English rewly, reoly, reowliche, from Old English hrēowlīċe (“cruelly”), equivalent to rue + -ly.
Back-formation from unruly, or perhaps a continuation of Middle English rewly, ruly, reuli (“subject to a religious rule, regular”), equivalent to rule + -ly, rule + -y; or perhaps from Old French rulé, reulé, rieulé (“ruled”), past participle of rieuler (“to rule”). More at rule.
boet
From Afrikaans boet (“brother, comrade”), from a Zealandic, West Flemish boet (“boy, youth”), probably a hypocoristic form of broeder (“brother”).
pentangle
From Middle English pentangel. By surface analysis, pent- + -angle.
hypogean
From Latin hypogaeus, hypogēus (from Ancient Greek ὑπόγειος (hupógeios)) + -an.
agarwood
From agar + wood (agar ultimately from Dravidian, probably Tamil அகில் (akil)).
Syeda
Borrowed from Arabic سَيِّدَة (sayyida).
* (female given name): From Urdu سیدہ, from Arabic سَيِّدَة (sayyida)
efferate
From Latin efferātus, perfect passive participle of efferō (“to make wild or savage, brutalize, barbarize; to make fierce, infuriate, madden”). By surface analysis, ef- + Latin fer- + -ate.
Linette
In modern use a spelling variant of Lynette, though it is also identical with a rare French name, diminutive of Line, from Caroline, Pauline and other female names ending in -line.
Lyssy
Americanized form of Czech and Slovak Lysý, a nickname from lysý (“bald”).
scabble
From Middle English scaplen, from Old French escapler (“to dress timber”), from es- (“off”) (from Latin ex-) + capler (“to cut”) (from Vulgar Latin *capulre, *cappulre).
Andersen
From Danish or Norwegian Andersen, patronymic from Anders + -sen.
Aagaard
From North Germanic (Scandinavian), from Danish Aagaard, Norwegian Aagaard.
Anwar
Borrowed from Arabic أَنْوَر (ʔanwar, “most luminous”).
Borrowed from Arabic أَنْوَار (ʔanwār, “lights”).
Ahmadi
Borrowed from Arabic أَحْمَدِيّ (ʔaḥmadiyy) or Persian احمدی. By surface analysis, Ahmad + -i.
falcate
Borrowed from Latin falcātus (“curved, sickle-shaped”), from falx (“sickle”, oblique stem in falc-) + -ātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).
Akram
Borrowed from Arabic أَكْرَم (ʔakram).
Taos
From Spanish Taos (“Taos”), from Taos tə̂o (“village”), as in tə̂otho (“in the village”) or tə̂obo (“to the village”).
nerka
Borrowed from Russian не́рка (nérka) from Finnish nieriä (“arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus”).
lauter
From German lauter (“pure, clear”, adjective). Began to become common in English in the 1880s.
Borrowed from German Lauter.
Vorlage
From German Vorlage (“template, prototype”).
From German Vorlage.
serac
From Swiss French sérac (“kind of cheese; sharp tower of ice”), from Franco-Provençal sera, seré, from Latin seraceum, from serum (“whey”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to flow, run”). Sense 2 is from the resemblance of the towers of ice to the cheese, which tends to cleave into rectangular pieces.
spadassinicide
From spadassin + -icide, from Italian spadaccino (“swordsman”).
Murat
Borrowed from Turkish Murat.
Borrowed from French Murat.
Harun
From Arabic هَارُون (hārūn). Doublet of Aaron.
mofussil
Borrowed from Bengali মফস্বল (mophośśol), from Classical Persian مفصل (mufassal), from Arabic مُفَصَّل (mufaṣṣal), passive participle of فَصَّلَ (faṣṣala, “to divide, classify”).
Mazhar
Borrowed from Arabic مَظْهَر (maẓhar), a male given name. This surname is predominantly found in Pakistan.
Osman
Inherited from Middle English, from Old Norse Ásmundr, from áss (“a god”) + mund (“protection, hand”).
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish عثمان (osmân), from Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān). Doublet of Uthman and Ottoman.
Widely used as an anglicization of cognate names across the Islamic world, including Somali Cismaan, Persian عثمان (usmān /osmân), Malay Usman, and even Arabic عُثْمَان (ʕuṯmān) itself.
Kadir
Borrowed from Arabic قَادِر (qādir, “powerful, capable”). This surname is predominantly found in Indonesia and India.
Humbert
From Old English Hunbeorht, from Proto-Germanic *hūnaz (“offspring, (bear) cub”) + *berhtaz (“bright”). Name of a Flemish saint, and of Italian royalty.
trekschuit
Borrowed from Dutch trekschuit, from trekken (“pull”) + schuit (“boat”).
chrematophobia
From Ancient Greek χρῆμα (khrêma, “money”) + -phobia.
moza
From Urdu موضع (mauze', mauza'). Doublet of mouza.
Sinan
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 思南.
From Korean 신안(新安) (Sinan).
audient
Borrowed from Latin audientem, accusative singular of audiēns (“hearing, listening; attending, paying attention to”) (or directly from audiēns), the present active participle of audiō (“to hear, listen to; to attend, pay attention to”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis (“clearly, manifestly”) (from *h₂ew- (“to perceive, see”)) + *dʰh₁-ye/o- (“to render”).
The noun may be borrowed from Late Latin audiēns (“catechumen”), from the participle audiēns.
plantage
From plant + -age. In later use influenced by French plantage and Dutch plantage.
pleon
Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek πλέων (pléōn), present participle of πλεῖν (pleîn, “to sail”); from the fact that it bears the swimming limbs. Alternatively, perhaps in the sense of being longer or extended.
bewind
From Middle English bewinden, biwinden, from Old English bewindan (“to wind round, clasp, entwine, envelop, encircle, surround, brandish (a sword), turn, wind, revolve”), from Proto-Germanic *biwindaną (“to wind round”), equivalent to be- + wind. Cognate with Middle Low German bewinden (“to entwine, wrap”), German bewinden (“intertwine, wind around”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (biwindan, “to entwine, wrap”).
leed
From Middle English lede, shortened variant of leden (“language”), from Old English lēoden (“popular or national language, native tongue”), from Old English lēod (“people, nation”). Cognate with Scots leed (“language”). More at lede.
From Middle English lede, led, leod, variant of Middle English leth, leoth (“song, poem”), from Old English lēoþ (“song, poem, ode, lay, verse”), from Proto-Germanic *leuþą (“song, lay, praise”), from Proto-Indo-European *lēw- (“to sound, resound, sing out”). Cognate with Dutch lied (“song”) and German Lied (“song”), whence the English doublet lied.
citerior
PIE word
 *ḱe
Borrowed from Latin citerior (“(particularly in province names) nearer”), comparative of citer (“on this side; near”) (from cis (“on or to this or the near side of; short of; before”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here”)) + -ior (suffix forming comparatives). The English word is cognate with French citérieur, Italian citeriore, Portuguese and Spanish citerior.
Pankaj
Borrowed from Sanskrit पङ्कज (paṅkaja, “lotus”, literally “mud-born”), from पङ्क (paṅka, “mud”) + ज (ja, “born”).
Anselm
From Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god”) + Old High German hëlm (“helmet”).
Asbest
From Russian Асбе́ст (Asbést), from асбест (asbest, “asbestos”).
reasonless
From Middle English resonles, equivalent to reason + -less. Piecewise doublet of ratioless and rationless.
footvolley
From Portuguese futevólei /futevôlei, blend of futebol (“football”) + vólei /vôlei (“volley”).
acrasy
Learned borrowing from Late Latin acrasia (“lack of temperance”), and from its etymon Ancient Greek ᾰ̓κρᾱσῐ́ᾱ (ăkrāsĭ́ā, “bad mixture”) (see further at acrasia) + English -y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting conditions, qualities, or states).
adoxography
From New Latin adoxus (“absurd, paradoxical”) (from Ancient Greek ἄδοξος (ádoxos, “obscure, ignoble”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + δόξα (dóxa, “expectation”)) + -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā, “writing”).
aginator
From Latin agina (“opening of the upper part of a balance”) + -tor.
rachiotomy
From Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, ridge”) + -otomy.
strabotomy
From Ancient Greek στραβός (strabós, “squinting”) + -tomy.
alburnum
From Latin alburnum, from albus (“white”), since it is often paler in color than the heartwood.
methodic
From Ancient Greek μεθοδικός (methodikós, “going to work by rule, systematic, crafty”).
shamefacedness
From an alteration of Middle English schamefastnesse, equivalent to shamefaced + -ness. See also shamefastness.
ammiral
From Middle English ammiral etc., from Anglo-Norman and Old French amiral etc., from Medieval Latin amiralis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”).