MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
praetor
From Middle English pretour, pretor, from the Anglo-Norman pretour, pretore, the Middle French preteur (from the Old French pretor; compare the Modern French préteur), and their etymon, the Classical Latin praetor (“leader”, “commander”, “magistrate”); the Latin praetor being contracted from *praeitor (“one who goes before”), from praeeō (“to go before”), from prae (“before”) + eō (“to go”); compare the Italian pretore, the Portuguese pretor, and the Spanish pretor.
bubble tea
A phono-semantic match for boba tea (see that entry for more), ultimately from Cantonese 波霸 (bo1 baa3, “busty woman; tapioca pearl(s)”). The match is from the supposed resemblance of the tapioca pearls to bubbles.
pippin
From Middle English pipin, from Old French pepin (“a seed”) (French pépin). See pip.
Probably from Middle English pipin (“a seed”), as being raised from the seed.
Riina
From the Sicilian Riina, a surname derived from rijina (“queen”).
all-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂elnós
Proto-Germanic *allaz
Proto-Germanic *ala-
Proto-West Germanic *ala-
Old English æl-
Middle English all-
English all-
From Middle English all- (also al-), from Old English eall-, eal- (“all-”). Cognate with Dutch al-, German all-, Swedish all-. More at all.
Betti number
A calque of French nombre de Betti, coined in 1892 by Henri Poincaré; named after Italian mathematician Enrico Betti in recognition of an 1871 paper.
homotopy
From Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same, similar”) + τόπος (tópos, “place”); earliest known use in print in 1922, Oswald Veblen, Analysis Situs.
casemate
From French casemate, from Italian casamatta. Further origin unclear, could be a compound casa (“house”) + matta (“mat (of straw), roof made of such material”), or borrowed from Greek χάσματα (chásmata) the plural of χάσμα (chásma, “gap”), presumably referring to the loopholes for shooting from.
ormer
From Norman ormèr/ormer, variants of French ormier, contraction of oreille-de-mer, from Late Latin *auris maris (“ear of the sea”), from Latin auris (“ear”) + mare (“sea”).
Pfalz
From German Pfalz, from Old High German pfalinza, from Latin palātium. Doublet of palace and palazzo.
lanner
From Middle French lanier (“cowardly”), possibly from Latin lānārius.
In Cornwall, from the Cornish language.
Maruthini
Borrowed from Tamil மருதம் (marutam) refers to all land used towards agricultural cultivation in the Tamil heartland in South India, signifying the enchanting princess of the traditional Tamil fertile land called Marutham from the Sangam literature landscape.
lapsus calami
From Latin lāpsus calamī (literally “slip of the pen”), from calamus (“pen”).
advection
From Latin advectio (“act of bringing”), from advectus (past participle of advehere (“to carry to”), from ad- + vehere (“to convey”)) + -io.
pennyweight
From Middle English penyweight; equivalent to penny + weight: it was the weight of a silver penny (¹⁄₂₄₀ of a pound).
peptic
From Latin pepticus, from Ancient Greek πέψις (pépsis, “digestion”), a form of πέσσω (péssō).
Marita
Borrowed in the late 19th century from Norwegian Marita. By folk etymology, explained as a Spanish diminutive of Maria, by analogy with Anita.
Jana
From Czech Jana, ultimately from Koine Greek Ἰωάννα (Iōánna), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָה (Yôḥānāh, literally “God is gracious”), the feminized form of יְהוֹחָנָן (Yəhōḥānān) which produced John and its many doublets. As a placeholder name, cf. similar use of John and Jack and earlier use of Joan in the same role.
Doublet of Ivana, Jane, Janice, Janis, Jean, Jeanne, Jen, Joan, Joanna, Joanne, Johanna, Juana, Shavonne, Sian, Siobhan, Shane, Shaun, Shauna, and Sheena.
Amsterdam pound
Calque of Dutch Amsterdams pond, from Amsterdam + pond (“pound (weight measure)”).
moonish
From Middle English monyssh; equivalent to moon + -ish. Piecewise doublet of meniscus.
ambonoclast
From Ancient Greek ἄμβων (ámbōn, “pulpit”) + -o- + -clast. In reference to the rood screen that separated the choir (where priests were) from the nave (where the congregation was) in a medieval church, and from which was sometimes also read.
dacite
From German Dazit, from Latin Dācia (“greater Romania”). First used in 1863 by Austrian geologists Franz von Hauer and Guido Stache, in a description of the geology of Transylvania.
catoptromancy
From the Ancient Greek κάτοπτρον (kátoptron, “mirror”) + -mancy.
causimomancy
From Ancient Greek καύσιμος (kaúsimos, “fit for burning”), from καῦσις (kaûsis, “burning”), from καίω (kaíō, “to burn”).
chartomancy
From Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “leaf of paper”) + -mancy.
cledonomancy
From Ancient Greek κληδών (klēdṓn, “an omen”) + -mancy.
Tocharian
From Latin Tocharī + -ian, the first element deriving from Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Tochari/Tukharas (an ancient people of Bactria)”), plural of Τόχαρος (Tókharos), probably from an Indo-Iranian source (Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-), Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)); compare Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra).
When manuscripts in an unknown Indo-European language were discovered in the early 20th century in the Tarim Basin, scholars linked them to the Tochari/Tukharas mentioned in ancient sources. As a result, the language was called "Tocharian". However, most scholars now believe this identification was incorrect.
cromniomancy
From Ancient Greek κρόμμῠον (krómmŭon, “onion”) + -mancy.
Sumer
Learned borrowing from Akkadian 𒋗𒈨𒊒 (Šumeru), in Assyriology since the 1870s; compare French sumérien since 1872. Compare Shumer, Sumir. More at Sumer.
alethic
From Ancient Greek ἀλήθεια (alḗtheia, “truth”) + -ic.
perfumer
From perfume (noun and verb) + -er, perhaps modelled on Middle French parfumeur.
dod
From Irish dod (“sullenness, anger”).
From Scots daud (“large piece”).
From Middle English dodden.
Kelso
From earlier Calchow, from Middle Welsh Calchvynyð (Modern Welsh Calchfynydd (“lime mountain”)).
Huitzilopochtli
Borrowed from Spanish Huitzilopochtli, from a Nahuatl language; compare Classical Nahuatl Huitzilopochtli.
salutiferous
From Latin salūtifer (“healthy, health-giving”) + -ous.
radiodiffusion
From French radiodiffusion. By surface analysis, radio- + diffusion.
gedankenexperiment
From German Gedankenexperiment (“thought experiment”), from Gedanke (“thought”) + Experiment (“experiment”).
castratrix
From Latin castratrix or castrate + -trix with feminine agent-nounal suffix; compare castrator.
tamandua
From the genus name, from Tupian. Doublet of tamanoir.
placidity
From placid + -ity, from Latin placiditās (“mildness, placidity”).
axoneme
From Ancient Greek ἄξων (áxōn, “axis”) + νῆμα (nêma, “thread”).
futsal
Borrowed from Portuguese futsal, a blend of futebol de salão (literally “hall football”).
chipolata
From French chipolata, from Italian cipollata (“onion confit”), itself from cipolla (“onion”).
horribleness
From Middle English horriblenesse, equivalent to horrible + -ness.
faxed
From Middle English *faxed, from Old English feaxed, ġefeaxed (“haired; having hair”), from Old English feax (“hair”). More at fax.
wud
Variant of standard English wood, from Old English wōd (“mad, insane”).
vina
From Sanskrit and Hindi वीणा (vīṇā).
Borrowed from Spanish Viña.
port wine
Calque of Portuguese vinho do Porto, wherein the city name Porto is etymologically identical to the word porto (“port”).
Ebenezer
From Hebrew אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר (éven ha`ézer, “stone of help”).
blatter
From Latin blaterāre. Influenced by other expressive verbs ending in -er.
pleader
Partly from Middle English pleder, pledere, equivalent to plead + -er; and partly from Middle English pledour, plaidour, from Anglo-Norman plaidur, pledour, Old French plaidëor, pledëor.
preachment
Partly from preach + -ment, partly after Anglo-Norman prechement.
preciousness
From Middle English preciousnesse; equivalent to precious + -ness.
precipitant
The adjective is borrowed from Middle French précipitant, Old French precipitant (“acting hastily, hasty, rash; acting, happening, or moving rapidly; pressing”) (modern French précipitant), and from their etymon Late Latin praecipitans (“hasty, rash”), an adjective use of Latin praecipitāns, the present participle of praecipitō (“to cast down; to throw headlong”), from praeceps (“head first, headlong; (figurative) hasty, rash”) (from prae (“before; in front”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before; in front”)) + -ceps (suffix meaning ‘having a head with specified characteristics’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“a head”))).
The adverb and noun are derived from the adjective.
heathenish
From heathen + -ish. Compare with Old English hǣþenisc.
Greta
From German and Swedish Greta, a contraction of Margareta.
From Old Norse grjót + a.
hydatoscopy
From hydato- + -scopy.
Hydat- is the stem of Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”), whence also hydro-.
idolomancy
First element is from Late Latin idolum, from Ancient Greek εἴδωλον (eídōlon, “image, idol”). Second element is from Latin -mantīa, ultimately from Ancient Greek μᾰντείᾱ (mănteíā). Equivalent to idol + -mancy.
lecanomancy
From Late Latin lecanomantia, from Ancient Greek λεκανομαντείᾱ (lekanomanteíā), from λεκάνη (lekánē, “dish, pan”).
macharomancy
From Ancient Greek μαχαίρα (makhaíra, “dagger”) + -mancy.
anax
From Ancient Greek ἄναξ (ánax). Doublet of wanax.
snickerdoodle
The earliest known use is from 1889. Possibly a fanciful coinage, from snicker + doodle (“doodlebug”; though without clear semantic connection to either word). An alternative etymology derives it from German Schneckennudel, also a round type of pastry, but formed from dough rolled up in a coil.
A Dutch origin has also been surmised, based off semantics (see cookie) and similar-sounding words (see snickersnee).
vallecular
From vallecula + -ar, derived from diminutive of Latin valles (“valley”).
Hesychast
From Medieval Latin hesychasta, from ecclesiastical Greek ἡσυχαστής (hēsukhastḗs), from ἡσυχάζειν (hēsukházein, “to be quiet”), from ἥσυχος (hḗsukhos, “quiet”).
Wilberforce
From Old English Wilburg + foss (“ditch”); Wilburg was a female given name from wil (“will”) + burg (“fortress”).
gravida
From Latin gravida, the feminine singular adjective (and also noun) of gravidus (“pregnant”), from gravis (“heavy”).
primipara
Borrowed from Latin prīmipara (“pregnant for the first time; having given birth to only one offspring; primiparous”), from prīmus (“first”) + parere (from pariō (“to bear, give birth to; to beget, produce”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to carry forth”)). The word is cognate with French primipare.
Unangam Tunuu
Unadapted borrowing from Aleut Unangam Tunuu
ithyphallophobia
From Ancient Greek ἰθύφαλλος (ithúphallos) (from ἰθύς (ithús, “straight”), a variant of εὐθύς (euthús), + φαλλός (phallós, “penis”)) + English phobia.
grype
From Middle English gripe, from Old French gripe, from Latin gryps, grȳphus, from Ancient Greek γρῡ́ψ (grū́ps).
nostrify
First attested in the 1910s; learned borrowing from Latin noster (“our, ours”, oblique stem in nostr-) + -ify, compare nostrificate.
merchandising
From Late Middle English marchaundising (“commerce, trading; commodities, goods; (plural) dealings with other persons”) [and other forms], from marchaundisen (“to engage in commerce, traffic”) (see further at merchandise (verb)) + -ing (suffix forming gerunds). The English word is analysable as merchandise + -ing (suffix forming nouns from verbs).
lathing
From Middle English lathinge, from Old English laþung, from Proto-West Germanic *laþungu, equivalent to lathe (“to invite”) + -ing. Cognate with German Ladung, Einladung (“invitiation”).
muscatel
From Middle English muskadel, from Old Occitan muscadel, originally a diminutive of muscat.
chipping
From Middle English chippyng, chippynge, equivalent to chip + -ing.
From Old English ċīeping (“market, marketplace”). Compare Swedish köping ("market"). Chipping, Cheapside, and cheap all reflect ancestry from Old English ceapian, concerning trading in markets.
battling
From Middle English batellynge, equivalent to battle + -ing.
From Middle English bataillinge, equivalent to battle + -ing.
staking
From Middle English stakyng, staking, from Old English stacung (“staking”), from Old English *stacian (“to drive stakes”), equivalent to stake + -ing.
addled
From Middle English addled, adyld, equivalent to addle (“urine, liquid filth”) + -ed. Addle derives from Old English adel, adela (“mud, mire, liquid manure”), cognate with Old Swedish adel (“urine”), Middle Low German adel, Dutch aal (“manure”). Used in noun phrase addle egg (mid-13c.) “egg that does not hatch, rotten egg”, lit. “urine egg”, a calque of Latin ovum urinum, which is itself an erroneous calque of Ancient Greek οὔριον ᾠόν (oúrion ōión, “putrid egg”, literally “wind egg”), from οὔριος (oúrios, “of the wind”), from οὖρος (oûros, “fair wind”) (confused by Roman writers with οὔριος (oúrios, “of urine”), from οὖρον (oûron, “urine”)). Because of this usage, the noun in English was taken as an adjective from c. 1600, meaning “putrid”.
titling
Uncertain. Superficially tit (“a small bird”) + -ling (“small”). Attested from the 16th century. Probably from Icelandic titlingr (“tit sparrow”), Old Norse titlingr (“sparrow”). Compare Old Norse tittr (“titmouse”). Also see Middle English titmose (“titmouse”).
ridged
From Middle English rigged, riggid, ryggyd, rugged, equivalent to ridge + -ed.
overpraising
From Middle English overpreisung, ouerpreisunge, equivalent to overpraise + -ing.
amice
From Middle English amit, from Old French emit, from Latin amictus, from amiciō (see there for more). Compare French amict, Italian amitto, Portuguese amicto.
monetarist
From monetary + -ist, from Latin monetarius, from monēta. By surface analysis, Latin monet(a) + -arist.
Margherita
From Italian Margherita, supposedly named after Margherita of Savoy (1851–1926); see margherita pizza. Doublet of Margaret (and various forms, q.v.), margarita, margarite, and marguerite.
laverock
From Middle English laveroc, laverke, from Old English lāferce, variant of older lāwerce, lǣwerce. More at lark.
wah lau
From Teochew and Hokkien. Ultimate origin uncertain: first element equivalent to Hokkien 我 (óa, “my”) + lau, possibly from 老爸 (lāu-pē, “father”). Alternatively, a shortening of Hokkien 我老的 (óa lāu--ê, literally “my elderly [someone, e.g., father]”), from which the alternative forms wah lau eh and walao eh are derived. Compare Mandarin 哇老誒 /哇老诶 (wà láo ei).
kaypoh
Borrowed from Hokkien 家婆 (ke-pô).
ang moh
Borrowed from Hokkien 紅毛／红毛 (âng-mô͘, “person of Western descent”, literally “red hair”).
longkang
Unadapted borrowing from Malay longkang, from Min Nan 壟溝 /垄沟.
chope
From Malay chup (“a cry in a game requesting a halt or the retraction of a stroke”), possibly from Hindi चुप (cup, “silence!”).
thiam
From Hokkien 恬 (tiām, “quiet”), as in Hokkien 恬去 (tiām--khì, “shut up”) or 恬喙 (tiām chhùi, literally “silence the mouth”).
talk cock
Either a calque of Hokkien 講𡳞鳥話 /讲𡳞鸟话 (kóng lān-chiáu-ōe), from 講話／讲话 (kóng-ōe, “talk”) + 𡳞鳥／𡳞鸟 (lān-chiáu, “cock (penis)”), or influenced by the English phrase cock-and-bull story.
rager
From Middle English rager, raiger, ragere, equivalent to rage + -er.
Elsa
From German Elsa, contraction of Elisabeth, occasionally used in English after its appearance in Wagner's opera Lohengrin (1847).
Camorra
From Italian camorra, from a Neapolitan word supposedly from Spanish camorra (“dispute, quarrel”).
Ferris
English surname, from Norman Ferrers, from the toponymic Ferrières, from French fer (“iron”).
oppugnancy
Borrowed from Late Latin oppugnantia or formed anew from oppugnant + -cy.
in medias res
Borrowed from Latin in mediās rēs (literally “into the middle of things”).
maidenhood
From Middle English maydenhede, maydenhode, from Old English mæġdenhād (“maidenhood”). By surface analysis, maiden + -hood.
maleficence
From Italian maleficenza or Middle French maleficence or directly from Latin maleficentia.
maliciousness
From Middle English maliciousnes; equivalent to malicious + -ness.
mannish
From Middle English mannish, mannisshe, mannysh, from earlier mennish (“human”), from Old English mennisċ (“human, natural, humane”), from Proto-West Germanic *mannisk, from Proto-Germanic *manniskaz (“human”). By surface analysis, man + -ish. Doublet of mennish, mense, and mensch.
degustation
Borrowed from French dégustation, from Latin degustatio, degustationem, from degusto.
rioter
Inherited from Middle English riotour, from Old French rioteor; equivalent to riot + -er.
incommensurable
From Middle French incommensurable, from Medieval Latin incommensurabilis.
Its full etymology is equivalent to that of in- + commensurable.
unstop
From Middle English unstoppen, equivalent to un- + stop. Cognate with Dutch ontstoppen, German entstopfen.
murkiness
From Middle English mirkines, equivalent to murky + -ness. Compare also Middle English mirkenes, merkenes (“darkness”).
alway
From Middle English alwey, from Old English ealneġ, ealne weġ (“always, perpetually”, literally “all the way”), from ealne + weġ (accusative case), equivalent to al- (“all”) + way. Cognate with Scots alwayis (“always”). More at all, way.
moodiness
Either inherited from Middle English modinesse (“pride”), from Old English mōdiġnes, or formed anew from moody + -ness.
moistness
From Middle English moistnesse, moistnes, equivalent to moist + -ness.
arachnoid
Mid 18th century borrowing from New Latin arachnoīdēs, from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρᾰχνοειδής (ărăkhnoeidḗs, “like a cobweb”), from ᾰ̓ρᾰ́χνη (ărắkhnē, “spider web”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-oid, -like”). By surface analysis, arachn- + -oid.
esca
From Latin ēsca (“bait”).
From Galician escá, from Hispanic Late Latin scala (“bowl”) attested in Isidore of Seville, probably from Suevic, from Proto-Germanic *skēlō (“bowl”). Cognate with German Schale and Dutch schaal.
Slaughters
From Old English *slōhtre (“slough, river-valley”).
horchata
Borrowed from Spanish horchata, ultimately from Vulgar Latin *hordeata (“(drink, food) made of barley”), from hordeum (“barley”), either via Catalan/Valencian orxata (possibly via a Mozarabic source), or via Italian orzata.
Doublet of orgeat (“almond syrup”) and orzo (“barley-shaped pasta”).
merriness
From Middle English myrienesse, myrynesse, from Old English miriġness, myriġness (“pleasantness, sweetness”), equivalent to merry + -ness.
mistiness
Inherited from Middle English mystynesse; equivalent to misty + -ness.
erotophonophilia
From eroto- (“love”) + Ancient Greek φόνος (phónos, “murder”) + -philia.
bryony
From Middle English brionie, from Latin bryōnia (“bryony”), from Ancient Greek βρυωνία (bruōnía, “bryony”), from βρύω (brúō).
wieldy
From Middle English weeldy, weldy (“agile, vigorous; of a shield: easy or satisfying to wield”), from welden (“to govern, preside over, reign, rule; to command, control, dominate; to dwell, reside; to accomplish, bring about; to overcome, prevail; to handle (a tool, weapon, etc.), use”). By surface analysis, wield + y. Compare also Old English ġewielde (“controlling, dominant”), from Proto-West Germanic *waldī, from Proto-Germanic *waldiz (“manageable; powerful”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”). Later uses of sense 2 (“capable of being easily wielded”) are likely a back-formation from unwieldy.
Moab
From Ancient Greek Μωάβ (Mōáb), from Biblical Hebrew מוֹאָב (môʾāḇ). Attested to as Moabite 𐤌𐤀𐤁 and Ancient Egyptian mwjbw N35A-M17-D58-G43-N25
Amalec
Via Late Latin Amālēc from Koine Greek Ἀμᾱλήκ (Amālḗk) from Biblical Hebrew עֲמָלֵק (ʾĂmālēq).
medicament
From Middle English medicament, either from Middle French médicament or its etymon, Latin medicāmentum.
roan
From Middle French roan, probably from Spanish roano, from Old Spanish raudano, itself probably of Germanic origin (compare Gothic *𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*raudan), accusative of 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs, “red”). Compare rowan.
agrimony
From Middle English egremoyne, from a conflation of Old English agrimonia and Middle French agremoine (from Old French agremoine, variant of aegremone), both from Late Latin agrimōnia, metathesized from Latin argemōnia (“a kind of poppy”) (probably by association with ager, agri- (“field”)), from Ancient Greek ἀργεμώνη (argemṓnē, “Papaver argemone, prickly poppy”), probably from ἄργεμον (árgemon, “leucoma”), from ἀργός (argós, “white”).
meliorative
From Late Latin meliōrō (“make better, improve”) + English -ative (“tending to”, suffix forming adjectives).
Mie
Borrowed from Japanese 三重(みえ) (Mie).
Rie
* Japanese りえ (Rie), a given name with numerous possible original kanji.
* Danish Rie
* Dutch Rie
gadje
Borrowed from Romani gaʒe, plural of gaʒo. Doublet of gadgie and gorger.
Gandhi
From Gujarati ગાંધી (gāndhī, “grocer, merchant”), from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandha, “perfume”). Originally, a trader in perfume.
strale
From Middle English stral, from Old English strǣl (“beam, ray, arrow”). More at streal.
donzel
From Old French danzel and Italian donzello, both ultimately from Medieval Latin domicellus (“young nobleman, squire”), a diminutive of Latin dominus (“master, lord”). Compare donzella.
Gog
From Biblical Hebrew גּוֹג (Gōg).
From Welsh Gog.
metastatic
From French métastatique, from méta- + statique, as an adjective corresponding to métastase (“metastasis”), perhaps after Koine Greek μεταστατικός (metastatikós). By surface analysis, meta- + static.
muleteer
From French muletier, from mulet (“mule”), with the spelling influenced by English mule + -eer.
pronoia
Borrowed from Ancient Greek πρόνοιᾰ (prónoiă, “foreknowledge, foresight; providence; form of land grant”), from πρόνοος (prónoos, “careful, prudent”) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, suffix forming nouns). πρόνοος is derived from προ- (pro-, prefix indicating a coming forth) + νόος (nóos, “the mind; act of the mind”). The English word is cognate with Latin pronoea (“providence”).
The plural form pronoiae is probably a modification of Latin pronoeae, while pronoiai is from Ancient Greek πρόνοιαι (prónoiai).
federale
Back-formation from the plural, from Mexican Spanish federales, from federal.
Back-formation from Mexican Spanish federales, from federal.
Balthazar
From Middle English Balthasar, from Latin Baltassar, from Ancient Greek Βαλτάσαρ (Baltásar), from Hebrew בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (bēlšaṣṣar), attested in the Tanakh and the Old Testament (Daniel 5:1), from Akkadian 𒁹𒀭𒂗𒈗𒋀 (Bēl-šarra-uṣṣur, literally “May Bel protect the king”). Doublet of Belshazzar.
hermeneutic
Derived from Ancient Greek ἑρμηνευτικός (hermēneutikós, “of or for interpreting”), from Ancient Greek ἑρμηνεύς (hermēneús, “interpreter”).
imbrication
From French imbrication, from Latin imbricātus, from imbricō, from imbrex. By surface analysis, imbricate + -ion.
bristled
From Middle English bristled, ibrustled, iburstled, equivalent to bristle + -ed.
yelping
From Middle English yelpinge, from Old English ġilping; equivalent to yelp + -ing.
unlovely
From Middle English unlovely, onlovely, unlovelich, equivalent to un- + lovely.
original sin
Calque of Latin peccātum orīgināle, a phrase used by 4th-century Berber theologian and saint Augustine of Hippo in his interpretations of the Bible.
midmost
From Old English medemest, superlative of medeme (“middling”), from Proto-Germanic *medumô; the word may be analysed as mid + -most.
alienans
From Latin aliēnāns, present active participle of aliēnō (“make something another's”), from aliēnus (“another's, foreign”).
Helene
From French Hélène and from German Helene. Doublet of Helen, Helena, and Elaine.
Cayenne
From French Cayenne, a form of Guyana. But said by the French to be from French cayenne (“naval barracks, shore kitchen”).
Magdalena
Borrowed from Spanish Magdalena. Doublet of Magdalene and Madeline.
Ronja
* Borrowed from Swedish Ronja, from the book of Lindgren.
* Transliteration of Russian Роня (Ronja), diminutive of Вероника (Veronika).
novice
From Middle English novice, novys, from Anglo-Norman novice, Middle French novice, itself borrowed from Latin novīcius, later novitius (“new, newly arrived”) (in Late Latin as a noun, masculine novicius, feminine novicia (“one who has newly entered a monastery or a convent”)), from novus (“new”).
inexpert
From Middle English inexpert, inexperte, from in- (“not”) + expert, experte, or else from Middle French inexpert or its etymon Latin inexpertus. By surface analysis, in- (“not”) + expert.
laudate
Borrowed from Latin laudātus, perfect passive participle of laudō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of laud.