MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Lego
Name of a company founded in 1934, shortened from Danish leg godt (literally “play well”). Coincidentally, the word also means “I put together” in Latin (see legō).
Lent
Shortened form of Lenten, from Old English lencten, from Proto-West Germanic *langatīn (“spring”), as in a season into which days lengthen as it progresses.
Cognate with Alemannic German langsé, Langssi (“spring”), Bavarian longas, lòngas, longast (“spring”), Cimbrian langaz, langhes, långez (“spring”), lentz (“March”), Dutch lente (“spring”), German Lenz, Lenze (“spring”), Mòcheno langes (“spring”).
Two main origins:
* Reduced form of Dutch van Lent, a habitational surname for someone from Lent, in Gelderland.
* Perhaps an Americanized spelling of German Lenth, from a personal name related to the noun Land.
Leo
From Latin leō (“lion”), calque of Ancient Greek λέων (léōn), calque of Akkadian 𒉈𒍑 (nēšu)/Akkadian 𒌨𒄞𒆷 (urgulû), from Sumerian 𒌨𒄞𒆷 (UR.GU.LA, “lion; name of constellation”). Doublet of Leon, leu, lev, lion, and Lyon.
Lima
Borrowed from Spanish Lima, in turn, borrowed from Classical Quechua Limaq (“the one who speaks”), cognate with modern Quechua rimaq, from the name of a sanctuary identified as the Huaca de Santa Ana. The variation of /r/ > /l/ is product of the former "coastal" variety of Quechua spoken around modern-day Lima. The drop of final /q/ could be attributed either to another characteristic of Coastal Quechua or to Spanish adaptation. Ultimately derived from rimay (“to speak”).
Lincoln
Inherited from Middle English Lincolne, from Old English Lincolle, Lindcolen, Lindcylene, from Latin Lindum Colōnia (“the Roman settlement Lindum Colonia”), from Proto-Brythonic *llɨnn (“pool”), from Proto-Celtic *lindos (“lake, liquid”), in reference to the Brayford. In the United States, many of the places established since 1865 are named after Abraham Lincoln.
Linda
Latinised short form of Germanic compound names ending in -lind, -linde (“tender, soft”) (English -inda), such as Sieglinde and Dietlinde, and earlier names such as Old High German Irmilinda and Old Dutch Frithelind, from Proto-Germanic *linþaz (“gentle, mild”), whence also Old English līþe (“gentle, mild, pliable, limber”) (English lithe). Later misassociated with unrelated Spanish linda (“beautiful”). The name became known through 19th century literature and the opera Linda di Chamounix (1842). More at lithe.
The coordination language is named after Linda Lovelace, a reference to the programming language Ada, itself named after Ada Lovelace.
Lui
Borrowed from Cantonese 雷 (leoi4) or 呂／吕 (leoi5).
Luk
Borrowed from Cantonese 陸 /陆 (luk⁶).
Luka
From the common Slavic (Macedonian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, and Ukrainian, etc) male given name Luka and from Macedonian, Russian, and Ukrainian Лука́ (Luká), all cognates of English Luke and Lucas.
Lulu
Borrowed from Chinese 璐璐, 露露 (lùlù, lùlu), 璐露, 露璐, etc.; in turn from 璐, 露, etc. From the Chinese practice of reduplicating a syllable or character to create a female name.
* From Mandarin Lù Lù, Lù-Lù, Lù-lù, Lùlù / Lu4lu4 / ㄌㄨˋㄌㄨˋ; in turn from Lù/lù, ㄌㄨˋ, Lu4/lu4. From Middle Chinese luH/LuH
* From Cantonese Lou6lou6; in turn from Lou6/lou6. From Middle Chinese luH/LuH
* From Taishanese Lu5lu5; in turn from Lu5/lu5. From Middle Chinese luH/LuH
From Arabic لُؤْلُؤ (luʔluʔ, literally “pearl”).
Madeira
From Portuguese Madeira, from Portuguese madeira (“wood”), from Latin materia, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”). Doublet of matter.
Magi
From magi (plural of magus (“magician; (derogatory) conjurer or sorcerer, especially one who is a charlatan or trickster; Zoroastrian priest”)), from Middle English mages, magi or Magi, magy or Magy (“men possessing occult knowledge; astrologers, philosophers, sorcerers”), from Latin magī, from magus (“magician; (derogatory) conjurer or sorcerer, especially one who is a charlatan or trickster; Zoroastrian priest”) + -ī (suffix forming nominative or vocative masculine plurals). Magus is derived from Ancient Greek μάγος (mágos), Μάγος (Mágos, “magician; (derogatory) conjurer, sorcerer; Zoroastrian priest”) (plural μᾰ́γοι (mắgoi), Μᾰ́γοι (Mắgoi)), from Old Iranian (compare Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬕𐬎 (moġu), Old Median and Old Persian 𐎶𐎦𐎢𐏁 (m-gu-u-š /⁠maγu-⁠/, title of a person?)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“to be able, have power; power; sorcerer”).
Magnus
Borrowed from Latin magnus (“great”), taken from the title of Carolus Magnus "Charlemagne" by an eleventh century king of Norway, and brought to Scotland in medieval times.
Maire
Anglicisation of Irish Máire (“Mary”).
Borrowed from French Maire.
Mais
* As an English surname (Durham), variant of Mayes.
* As a German surname, from the obsolete Middle High German meiz (“cleared land”).
Manhattan
From the earlier form Manna-hata recorded by Dutch travelers and settlers, from its name in Unami, the local Algonquian language. The name generally understood to be a compound of Unami mënatay (“island”) or Munsee munahan (compare Abenaki manahan) with another element.
According to a report by John Heckewelder, the name is connected to a wooded area whose trees were suitable for making bows. Linguist Ives Goddard explains the early forms Manna-hatta(n) and Mannahachtink as spellings of Munsee manaháhtaan (“place for gathering the wood to make bows”) and its related locative form manaháhteenk. This interpretation breaks down the word as a compound of manah- (“gather”) + -aht (“bow”) + -aan (“place”).
Marcel
Borrowed from French Marcel, from Latin Marcellus, diminutive of Marcus. Doublet of Marcellus.
Mari
From Akkadian 𒈠𒌷𒆠 (ma-riᵏⁱ), from Mer, an ancient storm/patron deity of Mesopotamia and Syria. Also see Nûr-Mêr.
Borrowed from Western Mari мари (mari, “Mari language term for the Mari”).
Max
Borrowed from German Max, diminutive of Maximilian in the 19th century, later also used as a nickname for Maxwell.
Mayo
Derived from Irish Maigh Eo
* (surname): Possibly instead derived from Old French, “Maiheu” from Hebrew, “Matthew”
Named after the Mayo River, whose name in Mayo means "people of the riverbank."
Mehr
Borrowed from Persian مهر (mehr). Doublet of Mithras and mitre.
Mensa
From Latin mensa (“table”). The organization promotes itself as a "round-table" society in which differences in the backgrounds of its members are considered irrelevant.
Learned borrowing from Latin mēnsa (“table, altar”). Doublet of mesa.
Mg
Abbreviation of Maung. Borrowed from Burmese မောင် (maung).
Mia
A German, Dutch and North Germanic diminutive of Maria.
Borrowed from Bengali মিয়া (miẏa). This surname is mostly found in Bengal.
Miles
From Old French given name Milo, of problematic origin, possibly from an unknown Germanic element, or a short form of Slavic names beginning with mil- "grace, favor". The English form is associated by folk etymology with Latin mīles (“soldier”).
As a surname, it is also derived from a Middle English Miles form of Michael.
Mongol
Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ (mongɣol), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯ (mongqol). The sense of person with Down syndrome stems from the observation that individuals with this condition frequently exhibit a prominent epicanthic fold, a feature commonly observed among individuals of East Asian ancestry.
Moro
From Spanish moro (“Moor”). Doublet of Moor.
Nancy
From French Nancy, from Medieval Latin Nanciacum, from Old High German Nanzig.
Nazi
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tisder.
Proto-Italic *gnātiō
Latin nātiō
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālis
New Latin nātionālisbor.
German national
Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *sokʷéh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ṓy
Proto-Indo-European *sokʷh₂ṓy
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Indo-European *sokʷyós
Proto-Italic *sokjos
Latin sokios
Latin socius
▲
Latin -ālis
Latin sociālisder.
French socialbor.
German sozial
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)
Proto-Hellenic *-tās
Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs)
Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)der.
Latin -istabor.
▲
French -isteinflu.
German -ist
German Sozialist
German Nationalsozialist
▲
German Soziinflu.
German Nazibor.
English Nazi
1930, from German Nazi, a clipping of Nationalsozialist (“National Socialist”) (1924), earlier attestation (1903) as shortening of national-sozial), since in German the nati- in national /ˌnatsi̯oˈnaːl/ is approximately pronounced Nazi [ˈnäːtsi]; compare the parallel pejorative terms Sozi (“socialist, social democrat”), Kozi (“commie, commo, communist”).
A homonymic term Nazi was in use before the rise of the NSDAP in Bavaria as a pet name for Ignaz and (by extension from that) a derogatory word for a backwards peasant, which may have influenced the use of that abbreviation by the Nazis' opponents and its avoidance by the Nazis themselves.
Nereid
From the stem of Latin Nērēis, from Ancient Greek Νηρηΐς (Nērēḯs), from Νηρεύς (Nēreús, “Nereus”) + -ις (-is), literally “sprung of Nereus”. By surface analysis, Nereus + -id.
Newton
Inherited from Middle English Neweton, from Old English nēowa tūn (“new town”). Compare same construction in Italian Napoli (“Naples”) and in Arabic نَابُلُس (nābulus, “Nablus”).
The unexpected Early Modern pronunciation with /ɛʊ̯/, as securely attested in Richard Hodges' 1644 English Primrose and confirmed by obsolete Welsh Newtwnn, is due to trisyllabic shortening in Old English nēowa tūn or Middle English Neweton.
Ng
From various Chinese surnames, including:
* Hokkien 黃 /黄 (N̂g)
* Cantonese 吳 /吴 (ng⁴) and 伍 (ng⁵)
The Philippine pronunciation is influenced by Tagalog ng.
Ni
* (Chinese surname): Borrowed from Chinese 郳 (ní), 倪 or 妮 (nī).
No
Variant of No., from the scribal abbreviation for Latin numero (“in number, to the number of”).
A macronless variant of Nō, the romanization of Japanese 能 (Nō, “[performing] skill, talent”).
Inherited from Middle English no, noo, na, a reduced form of none, noon, nan (“none, not any”) used before consonants (compare a to an), from Old English nān (“none, not any”), from Proto-West Germanic *nain, from Proto-Germanic *nainaz (“not any”, literally “not one”), equivalent to ne (“not”) + a. Piecewise doublet of none.
Cognate with Scots nae (“no, not any, none”), Old Frisian nān, nēn ("no, not any, none"), Saterland Frisian naan, neen (“no, not any, none”), North Frisian nian (“no, not any, none”), Old Dutch nēn ("no, not any, none"; > Dutch neen (“no”)), Old Norse neinn (“no, not any, none”). Compare also Old Saxon nigēn ("not any"; > Low German nen), Old Dutch nehēn (Middle Dutch negheen/negeen, Dutch geen), West Frisian gjin, Old High German nihein (> German kein). More at no, one.
Inherited from Middle English no, na, from Old English nā, nō (“no, not, not ever, never”), from Proto-West Germanic *naiwō, from Proto-Germanic *naiwô (“never”), *ne (“not”), from Proto-Indo-European *né, *nē, *nēy (negative particle), equivalent to Old English ne (“not”) + ā, ō (“ever, always”). Cognate with Scots na (“no”), Saterland Frisian noa (“no”), West Frisian né (“no”), nea (“never”), Dutch nee (“no”), Low German nee (“no”), German nie (“never”), dialectal German nö (“no”), Danish nej (“no”), Swedish nej (“no”), Icelandic nei (“no”). More at nay.
Variant of No., from the scribal abbreviation for Latin (in) numerō (“in number, to the number of”).
Noelle
From French Noëlle, the feminine form of the male given name Noël.
Nynorsk
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *new-
Proto-Indo-European *néwos
Proto-Germanic *niwjazder.
Proto-Norse ᚾᛁᚹᚨᛉ (niwaʀ)
Proto-Norse *ᚾᛁᚹᛦ (*niwʀ)
Old Norse *ᚾᛁᚢᛦ (*niuʀ)
Old Norse nȳʀ
Old Norse nýr
Norwegian Nynorsk ny
Norwegian Nynorsk ny-
Proto-Indo-European *nér
Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)nŕ̥t(e)rosder.
Proto-Germanic *nurþraz
Proto-Germanic *ōnijaz
Proto-Germanic *nurþrōnijaz
Old Norse norðrǿnn
Old Norse norrǿnn
Proto-Indo-European *-iskos
Proto-Germanic *-iskaz
Old Norse -skr
Middle Norwegian nornskrder.
Norwegian Nynorsk norsk
Norwegian Nynorsk nynorskbor.
English Nynorsk
Borrowed from Norwegian nynorsk (“Modern Norwegian”, literally “New Norwegian”).
O
From Middle English O, o, from Old English o, from Latin o and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô, interjection). Featured prominently in William Tyndale's 1525 translation of the New Testament.
Korean 오(伍) (O) or 오(吳) (O). Doublet of Wu.
From Mandarin 鄂 (È) Wade–Giles romanization: O⁴.
From Hokkien 烏 /乌 (o͘, “black”) or Teochew 烏 /乌 (ou¹, “black”).
Ola
Various origins:
* Borrowed from Yoruba Ọlá. Ọlá is an extremely common prefix for Yoruba names (and serves as a common form of shortened names), coming from ọlá (“honor”)
* Borrowed from Spanish Ola, a habitational surname from Basque ola (“forge”).
Otto
Borrowed from German Otto, from Old High German, short form of compound names beginning with Proto-West Germanic *aud, from Proto-Germanic *audaz (“wealth, riches”) (cognate of English Ed- in Edgar, Edmund, Edward, Edith, etc.).
Paar
* As a German surname, from Middle Low German pār (“house of a priest”), from Latin parochia (“parish”).
* Also as a German surname, from the noun Paar (“pair, married couple”). This is also found in several Slavic countries, compare Par.
* As a Hungarian surname Paár, variant of Pár, see Par.
Pan
From Middle English Pan, from Latin Pān, from Ancient Greek Πάν (Pán).
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *pannǭ
Proto-West Germanic *pannā
Old English panne
Middle English panne
English pan
From Middle English panne, from Old English panne, from Proto-West Germanic *pannā, from Proto-Germanic *pannǭ. Further origin uncertain.
Alois Walde firstly suggests that it might be from Late Latin panna, from Latin patina (“broad, shallow dish, pan, stewpan”), from Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē, “kind of flat dish”), which is probably from Pre-Greek. But the sound shifting from /patina/ → /patna/ → /panna/ raises questions as -tn- to -nn- is rarely seen in Latin.
The mainstream theory as of now (Friedrich Kluge, Julius Pokorny, Guus Kroonen) suggests that it is from Late Latin panna. But its sparse attestation only in the frontier inscriptions and not widespread in most Romance languages raises doubts among a few scholars (notably Michiel de Vaan), being skeptical about its origin, and open for any interpretations (Oxford English Dictionary).
Vladmir Orel, in his work Albanian Etymological Dictionary, suggests that both Proto-Germanic *pannǭ and Late Latin panna could be from a non-IE Mediterranean substrate word, considering that classical Latin attestations are scarce and distributed in a specific region, and Proto-Germanic loanwords from non-IE substrates often include agricultural terms, seafaring vocabulary, or animal names. Although, this substrate hypothesis is controversial and most scholars remain skeptical about it.
Cognate with West Frisian panne, Saterland Frisian Ponne, Dutch pan, German Low German Panne, Pann, German Pfanne, Danish pande, Swedish panna, Icelandic panna.
From Old English. See pane.
Pantheon
From Latin Pantheon, from Ancient Greek Πάνθειον (Pántheion, “a temple of all gods”), neuter of πάνθειος (pántheios, “of or common to all gods”), from παν- (pan-, “all, everything”) + θεῖος (theîos, “of or for the gods”), from θεός (theós, “god”).
Pere
Various origins:
* Borrowed from French Péré, a habitational surname.
* Borrowed from Catalan Pere, a personal name equivalent of Peter.
* Borrowed from Hungarian Pere.
Phoebe
Borrowed from Latin Phoebē, from Ancient Greek Φοίβη (Phoíbē), feminine form of Φοῖβος (Phoîbos, “bright”).
Pico
Derived from Ibaloi piho (“pick mattock”), which inhabitants used to flatten the hilly land.
Pijin
Borrowed from Pijin Pijin, from English pidgin, from a Chinese Pidgin English pronunciation of business.
Pinyin
20th c., from Mandarin Chinese 拼音 (pīnyīn, literally “spelled sounds”).
Pisa
From Italian Pisa, from Latin Pīsae, of Etruscan origin.
Pisces
From Latin piscēs, the nominative plural of piscis (“fish”), calque of Ancient Greek ἰχθύες (ikhthúes, “fish (pl); name of constellation”). Compare Akkadian 𒁺𒉺𒉺 (DU.NU.NU, “fish-cord”); the constellation is often depicted as two fish tied by a ribbon.
Poisson
Unadapted borrowing from French Poisson. The noun sense is named after French mathematician Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840).
Porto
Borrowed from Portuguese Porto.
* (wine): the name of the city whence it was exported.
Priapus
From Latin Priāpus, from Ancient Greek Πρίαπος (Príapos).
Protestant
Borrowed from either German Protestant or French protestant, one likely reinforced by the other; equivalent to protest + -ant.
Putonghua
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 普通話／普通话 (Pǔtōnghuà, literally “common speech”).
Que
Borrowed both from Hokkien 郭 (Keh) and Catalan Qué. Doublet of Quek, Guo, and Kwok.
R
From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.
Ra
Transcription of Egyptian r:a-ra (rꜥ, “the sun; Ra”).
Borrowed from Fijian Ra.
Ralph
From Middle English Radulf, from Old English Rǣdwulf (also as Raulf), from Proto-West Germanic *Rādawulf, from Proto-Germanic *Rēdawulfaz. Reinforced by similar forms brought to England, e.g. Old Norse Ráðúlfr, then in the Norman form Old French Radulf, Radulph. For the sense relating to vomiting, see ralph.
Rana
Various origins of surname:
* Borrowed from Hindi राणा (rāṇā), a Rajput surname which probably is a back-formation from रानी (rānī, “queen”).
* Borrowed from Italian and Spanish Rana, a nickname for someone with bulging eyes or a croaky voice, from rana (“frog”).
* Borrowed from Galician Raña, a habitational surname from a village in the province of A Coruña.
Recht
From Scots or Dutch wrecht (“worker”), both cognate to English Wright and ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *wurhtijō. See below for German derivation.
Regina
Borrowed from Latin rēgīna (“queen”). The given name originally referred to the Virgin Mary as the Queen of Heaven. The Canadian city was named for Queen Victoria, as suggested by Princess Louise. Doublet of rani.
Ridley
Place names in England, Old English hrēad (“reeds”) or rydde (“cleared land”) + lēah (“wood, clearing”). Thus, equivalent to reed or rid + -ley (“lea”).
Riga
From Latvian Rīga, of disputed origin:
* Possibly a form of Riege, the German name for the Rīdzene, a tributary of the Daugava river.
* Possibly from rija (“threshing barn”), the j becoming a g in German (note that English geographer Richard Hakluyt calls the city Rie in 1589, and that German historian Dionysius Fabricius confirms in 1610 the origin of Rīga from rija).
Borrowed from Italian Riga and Greek Ρήγα (Ríga).
Roman
From Old French Romain, from Latin Rōmānus. In reference to the Byzantine Empire, via the Byzantine Greek endonym Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos). By surface analysis, Rome + -an. Doublet of Romano.
Sadh
From Hindi साध (sādh, “member of the Sadh sect; Sadh”), from Sanskrit साधु (sādhu).
Sagittarius
From Latin sagittārius (“archer”), calque of Ancient Greek τοξότης (toxótēs); possibly adapted from Akkadian 𒀯𒉺𒉋𒊕 (pabilsaĝ, “the bow-armed god Pabilsaĝ”) (see Pabilsaĝ), from Sumerian 𒀯𒉺𒉋𒊕 (ᴹᵁᴸPA.BIL₂.SAG).
Sandwich
The family name is from Old English Sandwīċ, from sand + wīċ (“wick, settlement, harbour, hamlet”), equivalent to sand + -wich.
Sean
Anglicised form of Irish Seán, from Old French Jehan, from Latin Johannes, variant of Ioannes, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān, literally “God is gracious”).
Doublet of John, Jack, Johan, Johann, Johannes, Jean, Ian, Evan, Ivan, Shaun, Shane, and Giovanni.
Sela
Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew סֶּלַע (Sela‛, “rock”); compare Arabic السَّلَع (as-salaʕ).
Shanghai
c. 1840, likely from an English-derived romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation of Chinese 上海 (Shànghǎi), reinforced by Wade–Giles, Postal Romanization, and Hanyu Pinyin.
Shay
Variant of Shea, from Irish Ó Séaghdha.
Shylock
Possibly derived from Hebrew שלח (Šélaḥ, the grandson of Shem), or Old Saxon [Term?] (“white-haired”), referring to goldsmiths and scriveners. It may also be derived from Michael Lok and an archaic meaning of shy (“untrustworthy”).
Sisko
Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Šiško or Slovene Šiško.
Slav
From Middle English Sclave, borrowed from Medieval Latin Sclavus, from Byzantine Greek Σκλάβος (Sklábos); see that entry for more. Doublet of slave and ciao. Displaced native Old English Wined.
Steen
* As a general Germanic surname, from Dutch Steen, West Flemish van der steen, Danish Steen, Swedish Steen, Norwegian Steen. Doublet of Stone and Stein. Compare Staines.
* As a Scottish surname, shortened from Stephen.
* As an Irish and Scottish Gaelic surname, shortened from mac Stiamhna (“son of Stephen”), usually Anglicized as McStephen, McStein.
Early Afrikaans, elliptically from steendruiven (“stone grapes”), from steen (“stone”) + druiven (“grapes”), plural of druif.
Sten
From North Germanic (Danish Sten, Swedish Sten, Norwegian Sten).
Swede
From Middle Low German Swêde, from a Germanic word akin to Old Norse Svíþjóð, Old English Swēoþēod (“Sweden”, literally “Swede nation”), itself from Swēo (“Swede”), from Proto-Germanic *swihô (“Swede”). Cognate with Dutch Zweed, German Schwede. Doublet of suede.
Sy
From Spanish Sy, from Hokkien 施 (Si). Doublet of See, Sze, Siy, and Shi.
Taffy
From Welsh Dafydd (“David”), a common Welsh name. Doublet of David. Or else from Welsh Taf, a river-name in South Wales.
Tallinn
Borrowed from Estonian Tallinn (“Tallinn”), compound of old Taani (“Denmark”) and linn ("town", originally "castle").
Tash
From Yiddish טאהש (Tosh), from Hebrew טאהש.
Taurus
From Latin Taurus (from taurus (“bull”)), from Ancient Greek Ταῦρος (Taûros) (compare Aramaic תּוֹר (tor), Arabic ثَوْر (ṯawr)), ultimately originating with Sumerian 𒄞𒀭𒈾 (GU₄.AN.NA, “Bull of Heaven; constellation Taurus”)
. Latin taurus (“bull”) is a doublet of steer, tur, Tavros, and Tarvos.
Te
From Coptic ⲧⲏ (tē), from Egyptian d-wA-t:dwAt (“dwꜣt”). Doublet of Duat.
From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Mandarin 德 (Dé, “virtue, manliness”).
Telex
From Telex Printergram, a service offered beginning 15 Aug. 1932 by the British General Post Office's Central Telegraph Office, derived as a blend of tele- (“telegraph, teletype, teleprinter, etc.”) + exchange. Subsequently branded in the United States by Western Union and then similarly genericized. In reference to the Vietnamese conventions, a borrowing of Vietnamese Telex, from French télex, from the English term.
Tellus
Borrowed from Latin tellus (“Earth, globe, world”), from Proto-Italic *telnos, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *telnos ~ *telnes-, from *telh₂- (“flat ground”), but reshaped after rūs. Otherwise, could derive from Etruscan 𐌕𐌖𐌋𐌀𐌓 (tular, “earth”).
Tewa
Borrowed from Spanish Tegua, Tehua, from Tewa Téwa or Hopi Teewa.
Titanic
From Late Latin Titanicus, or its etymon Ancient Greek Τιτανικός (Titanikós, “of or relating to the Titans”), from Τιτᾶνες (Titânes, “Titans”) + -ικός (-ikós, “suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives”). Τιτᾶνες (Titânes) is the nominative or vocative plural of Τῑτᾱ́ν (Tītā́n, “a Titan”), and then possibly:
* from τῐ́σῐς (tĭ́sĭs, “payment; atonement, penalty, punishment, retribution, reward; vengeance”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“to pay; to avenge”); or
* from τιταίνω (titaínō, “to extend, stretch”), from τείνω (teínō, “to extend, stretch; to spread; to exert, push to the limit, strain”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to extend, stretch”); or
* from τίτο (títo, “sun; day”), originally borrowed from Anatolian.
The English word is analyzable as Titan + -ic (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives from nouns).
Toby
The Middle English vernacular form of Tobias.
From Shelta toba (“the road”).
Tom
From Middle English Thomme. Hypocorism of Thomas. The dollar-bill sense is from the portrait of Thomas Jefferson featured on it.
Trias
Borrowed from Catalan Trias. This surname is mostly found in Venezuela.
Turkey
From Middle English Turkye, from Anglo-Norman Turkye, Medieval Latin Turcia, from Turcus (“Turk”), from Byzantine Greek Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos), from Classical Persian تُرْک (turk), from Middle Persian [script needed] (twlk' /⁠turk⁠/), from Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥). By surface analysis, Turke + -y.