MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
misspending
From Middle English mysspendynge, equivalent to misspend + -ing.
ascites
From Latin ascītēs, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀσκίτης (askítēs), from ἀσκός (askós, “wineskin”).
Guoyu
From Mandarin 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, literally “nation-language” or “country-language”).
terebinth
From Middle English therebynte, from Old French terebinthe, from Latin terebinthus, from Ancient Greek τερέβινθος (terébinthos), from Pre-Greek. Related to turpentine and terpene.
Fredericksburg
From Frederick + -s- + -burg. The Texas city name comes from Texas German Friedrichsburg.
arak
From Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq, “sweat”), a reference to the condensate in the distillation process. Doublet of ara, raki, and rakija.
From Arabic أَرَاك (ʔarāk).
From Persian اراک (arâk).
automobilist
Borrowed from French automobiliste. By surface analysis, automobile + -ist.
meteoromancy
From Ancient Greek μετέωρος (metéōros, “in mid-air”) + -mancy.
ajvar
Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian àjvār (“ajvar, caviar”). Doublet of caviar.
hsien
From Mandarin 縣／县 (xiàn), Wade–Giles romanization: hsien⁴.
egromancy
Coined by Richard Francis Burton from Middle English forms of necromancy, such as egremauncey and egremauncye.
Lindsay
From Lindsey in Lincolnshire, from Old English Lindesēġe, Lindesīġe (“Isle of Lind”), the Old English name of the city of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, in which "Lind" comes from the Common Brittonic form of the name of Lincoln and "isle" refers to Lincoln being surrounded by fenland; from Proto-Brythonic *llɨnn (“pool”), from Proto-Celtic *lindos (“lake, liquid”), in reference to the Brayford + Old English ēġ (“island”); cf. modern Welsh llyn and Dublin.
upbearing
From Middle English upberinge, upberynge, equivalent to upbear + -ing.
From Middle English upberynge, upberande, equivalent to upbear + -ing.
retrench
From Old French retranchier (“to get rid of, remove”) (modern French retrancher (“to cut out, take away; to cut off; to cut down”)), from re- (“again”) + tranchier, trenchier (“to cut”) (modern French trancher (“to slice”)); further etymology uncertain, but possibly either from Vulgar Latin *trinicāre (“cut in three parts”) (from the root trini from trēs (“three”), based on the model of duplicāre (“to double by dividing, split in two, tear”)), or from an alteration of Latin truncāre (“to maim by cutting off pieces; to truncate”), also possibly influenced by Gaulish *trincare (“to cut (the head)”). Compare English trench.
katabatic
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek καταιβατός (kataibatós, “down-going, descending”), from κατα- (kata-, “down”) + βαίνω (baínō, “to go”).
atterrate
From Italian atterrare. Compare Late Latin atterrare (“to cast to earth”).
analphabet
From Late Latin analphabetus (“unable to read and write; illiterate”), from Ancient Greek ἀναλφάβητος (analphábētos, “illiterate”), from ἀν- (an-, “un-”) + ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos, “alphabet”); analysable as an- + alphabet. The English word was probably influenced by cognate words in other languages such as French analphabète (adjective), German Analphabetus, Analphabet (nouns), analphabeten (adjective), Italian analfabeta (adjective, noun), analfabeto (adjective, noun), Portuguese analfabeto (adjective, noun), Spanish analfabeto (adjective, noun).
The adjective was derived from the noun.
mussitate
From Latin mussitō (“to keep quiet; to murmur, mutter”) + -ate (verb-forming suffix), from mussō (“to be silent and respectful; to say in a soft voice, murmur”) (perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mur- (“to murmur”), originally imitative) + -itō (frequentative suffix).
trilithon
From Ancient Greek τρίλιθος (trílithos, “of three stones”). Compare the Baalbek trilithon.
terra preta
Borrowed from Portuguese terra preta, from terra (“soil”) + preta (“black”).
misotheism
Borrowed from Ancient Greek μισόθεος (misótheos, “hating the gods”), from μίσος (mísos, “hatred”) + θεός (theós, “god”). The Greek compound is found in Aeschylus (Agamemnon 1090; compare dystheism). The English word appears as a nonce-coinage, used by T. De Quincey in 1846. Attested as worthy of revival due to having a newfound historical prevalence by Bernard Schweizer in 2002. The term's purported exclusion of atheists and agnostics disputed by Patheos in 2011.
Paulina
From Latin Paulīna, feminine form of Paulīnus, derivative of Paulus, from paulus (“small”). Name of a third-century saint.
ponor
From Serbo-Croatian.
Unadapted borrowing from Romanian Ponor.
gavelkind
Inherited from Middle English gavelkynde; by surface analysis, gavel (“rent”) + kind (“lineage”).
adorator
From French adorateur and its etymon Latin adōrātor. By surface analysis, adore + -ator or adorate + -or.
aestivoautumnal
From Latin aestīvus (“summer”) + autumnus (“autumn, fall”) + -al.
miniate
Partly borrowed from Latin miniātus (adjective), partly from miniātus, perfect passive participle of miniō (“to cover with vermilion”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix).
rectilinear
From post-Classical Latin; either from rectilīneāris or from rectilīneus (whence rectiline) + -ar, in both cases ultimately deriving from rectus (“straight”) + līnea (“line”).
piloti
From French pilotis, from Middle French pilot (“stake”). Attested from the 17th century.
winterly
From Middle English wynturlych, from Old English winterlice; equivalent to winter + -ly.
incuse
From Latin incūsus, past participle of incūdō, from in- + cūdō.
korona
From Hungarian korona. Doublet of corona, crown, koruna, krona, króna, and krone.
close up
Dissimilated from Middle English upclosen (“to close up, stop up, seal”).
Wearmouth
From Old English Wiremūþa, equivalent to Wear + mouth.
incurvate
The verb is first attested in 1578, the adjective in 1647; borrowed from Latin incurvātus, perfect passive participle of incurvō, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix).
guige
In early uses, inherited from Middle English gige, and in more recent times re-borrowed from (or respelled according to) that word's source, Old French guige.
pantograph
From French pantographe, from panto- (from Ancient Greek παντός (pantós), genitive singular of πᾶν (pân, “all”)), and -graphe (from γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”)).
papal bull
From Middle English bulle, from Old French bulle, from Medieval Latin bulla (“a round seal”), from Latin bulla (“bubble”).
adzuki
Borrowed from Japanese 小豆(あずき) (azuki, literally “small bean”). In Japanese, it was historically pronounced /aduki/, but /du/ eventually transformed into /zu/, and was variously romanized as "dzu" and "zu" (compare kudzu).
psyllid
From translingual Psyllidae, from Ancient Greek ψύλλα (psúlla).
plaquette
Borrowed from French plaquette (“small plaque”), allegedly coined in the 1860s.
agoge
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀγωγή (agōgḗ).
salubrity
From salubr(ious) + -ity, from Middle English salubritē, from Old French salubrité, from Latin salūbritātem, accusative of salūbritās.
Megleno-Romanian
From Romanian meglenoromân, corresponding to Meglenitic + Romanian.
autotelic
From Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”) + τέλος (télos, “result; end”); compare auto- and telic. From early 20th century.
pinnatisect
From New Latin pinnatisectus, from Latin pinnātus (“feathered”) + sectum, past participle of secō (“to cut”).
cracknel
From Middle English crakenelle, craknel, krakenelle, apparently an alteration of Middle French craquelin.
lyrate
From New Latin lyrātus, from lyra (“lyre”). By surface analysis, lyre + -ate.
crenate
Borrowed from Latin crēnātus, merged with a Latinization of Middle French crené, past participle of crener (“to mark with a notch”), derivative of cren, cran (“notch”), of Celtic origin.
liberticide
From French liberticide, coined around the time of the French Revolution. Equivalent to liberty + -cide.
aljamiado
From Spanish aljamiado (composed of aljamía + -ado), from Arabic عَجَمِيَّة (ʕajamiyya) or اَلْعَجَمِيَّة (al-ʕajamiyya), from عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arabs, esp. Persians”) + ـِي (-ī, “relative adjective (nisba) suffix”) + ـَة (-a, “feminine marker, also used to mark language names or to generally form nouns from the adjectives”).
cathepsin
Borrowed from German Kathepsin, from Ancient Greek καθέψω (kathépsō), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕψω (hépsō, “boil”).
chelicera
From New Latin chēlicera, from Ancient Greek χηλή (khēlḗ, “jawbone”) + κέρας (kéras, “horn”).
ommatidium
From Ancient Greek ὀμματίδιον (ommatídion, “little eye”), equivalent to ὄμμα (ómma, stem ὄμματ-) + -idium.
Henan
From various romanizations of the Chinese 河南 (Hénán, literally “[land] south of the river (referring to the Yellow River)”).
Hubei
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 湖北 (Húběi), literally "north of the lake", referring to Hubei's position north of Dongting Lake.
cribellum
Borrowed from Late Latin cribellum, diminutive of Latin cribrum (“sieve”).
perfoliate
Borrowed from New Latin perfoliāta, from Latin per- (“through”) + the feminine of Latin foliātus (“foliate”).
caudate
Borrowed from Medieval Latin caudātus, from Classical Latin cauda (“tail”) + -ātus; see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix).
tokamak
Borrowed from Russian токама́к (tokamák), an acronym of то(роида́льная) ка́(мера) (с) ма(гни́тными) к(ату́шками) (to(roidálʹnaja) ká(mera) (s) ma(gnítnymi) k(atúškami), “toroidal chamber with magnetic coils”).
Demerara
The placename derives from an Arawak word. Perhaps Malali ("fast running stream"), which would have originally been the name of a section of rapids, from which the Dutch called the whole river de Malali ("the Malali"), which (with incorporation of the definite article into the name, and alternation of l and r) became Demerara. Alternatively, perhaps Immenary or Dumaruni meaning “river of the letterwood”. The sugar is so-called because it was grown in the region around the river.
sheldrake
From Middle English sheld- (“parti-colored”) (akin to Middle Dutch shillede) + drake (“male duck”).
analytics
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀναλυτικά (analutiká, “science of analysis”).
Judean
From Latin iūdaeus [from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Ἰουδά (Ioudá, “Judah”) + -ιος (-ios)] + -an. By surface analysis, Judah + -ean.
squilla
From Latin squilla, from Ancient Greek σκίλλα (skílla).
Acts of the Apostles
Calque of Latin Āctūs Apostolōrum, itself a calque of Ancient Greek Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων (Práxeis Apostólōn).
assessable
From Middle English assessable, from Middle English assessen (“to assess”) + -able (“-able”). Equivalent to assess + -able.
sapidity
Borrowed from New Latin sapiditās. By surface analysis, sapid + -ity.
mixt
Alternative spelling of Early Modern mix'd, probably influenced by the synonymous Latin mixtus.
non compos mentis
From Latin non (“not”) + compos (“in control, having mastery”) + mentis (“of mind”).
runlet
From Middle English roundelet, from Old French rondelet (“roundlet”). More at roundlet.
maund
From Middle English maunde, maundie, borrowed from Old French mande, borrowed from Middle Dutch mande, from Old Dutch *manda, from Proto-West Germanic *mandu.
From Hindi मन (man) / Urdu من (man), and their source, Persian من, from Middle Persian, from Akkadian 𒈠𒉡𒌑 (manû). The -d is probably from assimilation with Etymology 1 above, or from comparison with pound.
Unclear, but possibly from French mendier or quémander (“to beg”). Compare Romani mang (“to beg”).
bear out
From Middle English beren out, dissimilated from earlier Middle English outberen, equivalent to bear + out.
Shanxi
c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 山西 (Shānxī, “[Land] West of the [Taihang] Mountains”), in reference to the location of the province's central Fen River valley.
c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 陝西 /陕西 (Shǎnxī).
Hebei
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 河北 (Héběi, literally “north [of the] river”) referring to the Yellow River.
vestibulum
Unadapted borrowing from Latin vestibulum (“a forecourt, entrance court; an entrance”). Doublet of vestibule.
Hunan
Borrowed from Mandarin 湖南 (Húnán) Wade-Giles romanization: Hu²-nan², literally “south of the lake”, referring to Lake Dongting. Doublet of Honam.
Quanzhou
c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 泉州 (Quánzhōu, literally “spring prefecture”).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 全州 (Quánzhōu, literally “round prefecture”).
Zhangzhou
c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 漳州 (Zhāngzhōu), from its former status as the seat of Zhang Prefecture, named for the Zhang River.
ectara
Borrowed from Hindi एकतारा (ektārā, literally “one-string”), ultimately from Classical Persian یکتار. Related to sitar.
ostensive
From Middle French ostensif and its etymon Late Latin ostēnsīvus.
Laz
From Turkish Laz, from Laz ლაზი (lazi).
Hippokrates
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἱπποκράτης (Hippokrátēs).
Zapotec
From Spanish zapoteca, from Nahuatl tzapotēcah, plural of tzapotēcatl (“inhabitant of the place of sapote”).
Oaxaca
Borrowed from Spanish Oaxaca, from Classical Nahuatl Huāxyacac, from Huāxacatzin (“name of a hill”), from huāxin (huaje) (Leucaena leucocephala) + yacatl (“nose”) + -tzin (“honorific suffix”).
Nintendo
Borrowed from Japanese 任(にん)天(てん)堂(どう) (Nintendō).
epiboly
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπιβολή (epibolḗ, “addition”).
Niphon
From Japanese 日本 (formerly Niffon, now Nippon or Nihon) "Japan".
nonappearance
From Middle English noon apparans, noon apparaunce, noun apperaunce; equivalent to non- + appearance.
convocate
Borrowed from Latin convocatus, past participle of convocare (“to convocate”). Doublet of convoke.
deiparous
From Latin deus (“god”) + -parous, calque from Ancient Greek Θεοτόκος (Theotókos, “birth-giver of God”), a traditional title of the Virgin Mary.
be-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.
Proto-Indo-European *h₁epsder.
Proto-Indo-European *h₁epider.
Proto-Indo-European *h₁pi
Proto-Germanic *bider.
Proto-Germanic *bi-
Proto-West Germanic *bi-
Old English be-
Middle English bi-
English be-
From Middle English be-, bi-, from Old English be- (“be-”), from Proto-Germanic *bi- (“be-”), from Proto-Germanic *bi (“near, by”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at, near”). See by, by-.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian bi- (“be-”), West Frisian be- (“be-”), Dutch be- (“be-”), German Low German be- (“be-”), German be- (“be-”), Danish be- (“be-”), Swedish be- (“be-”).
hypo-
From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-), combining form of ὑπό (hupó, “under”). Doublet of sub-.
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *upó
Ancient Greek ῠ̔πό (hŭpó)
Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-)der.
English hypo-
omni-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep-der.
Proto-Italic *opnis
Latin omnisder.
English omni-
Ultimately from Latin omnis (“all”).
ultra-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-
Latin ūls
Proto-Indo-European *-teros?
Latin -ter
Old Latin -ād
Latin -ā
Latin ultrālbor.
English ultra-
Borrowed from Latin ultrā (“beyond”).
Bharat
Transliteration from Hindustani भारत / بھارَت (bhārat), from Sanskrit भारत (bhārata). Related to Bharata.
calendula
From translingual Calendula, New Latin calendula, diminutive of kalendae. See calends.
Tenochcan
From Classical Nahuatl Tenōchcah (plural of Classical Nahuatl Tenōchcatl) + English -an.
Tenochca
From Classical Nahuatl Tenōchcah, plural of Classical Nahuatl Tenōchcatl.
austringer
From Middle English ostreger, ostringer, borrowed from Old French ostruchier, austruchier.
pandal
Borrowed from Tamil பந்தல் (pantal)/பந்தர் (pantar).
Canticle of Canticles
A calque of Latin Canticum Canticorum (“Song of Songs”).
Song of Songs
A calque of Latin Canticum Canticorum (“Song of Songs”), variant of earlier Canticle of Canticles.
Torquil
Anglicized from Scottish Gaelic Torcall, from Old Norse Þorkell, from older Þorketill, from Þórr (“Thor”) + ketill (“(sacrificial) cauldron”).
Kievan
From Kiev + -an, from Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev).
pasticcio
Borrowed from Italian pasticcio. Doublet of pastiche.
aegipan
From Latin Aegipān, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek Αἰγίπαν (Aigípan), from αἴξ (aíx, “goat”) + Πάν (Pán, “Pan”).
Brownrigg
Habitational surname from any of several minor places in Cumbria, from Old English brūn (“brown”) + hryċġ (“ridge”).
torat
From Middle English toratten, from to- + ratten (“to lacerate, tear”), equivalent to to- + rat. Related to Middle High German ratzen (“to lacerate, tear”).
orexin
From Ancient Greek ὄρεξις (órexis, “appetite”) + -in.
cataplexy
From German Kataplexie, from Ancient Greek κατάπληξις (katáplēxis), from κατά (katá, “down”) + πλῆξῐς (plêxĭs, “blow, act of striking”).
Morava
Related to Czech Moře, German March and Latin Marus, both deriving ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *móri (“sea, standing water”). The river was first documented as Maraha in an 892 deed.
bycoket
From French bicoquet, ultimately from bi- (“double”) + coque (“shell”).
pictoral
Probably an alteration of pictorial influenced by analysis as Latin pictor (“painter”) (the source of pictorial) + the common suffix -al.
Ecclesiasticus
From Middle English Ecclesiasticus, from Late Latin Ecclēsiasticus, probably short for liber ecclēsiasticus (“church book”), from its use in church readings. Doublet of ecclesiastic.
revelatory
Borrowed from Latin revēlātōrius. By surface analysis, revelate + -ory.
falciparum
From Latin falc- (“sickle, scythe”) + -i- + Latin -parum (“-parous”), from Latin parere (“bring forth, bear”).
arthrogryposis
From arthro- (“joint”) + gryposis (“hooking, abnormal curvature”), from Late Latin grȳpōsis (“hooking”) (from grȳpus (“hook-nosed”)), from Ancient Greek γρυπῶσις (grupôsis, “hooking”), from γρύπεσθαι (grúpesthai, “become hooked”), from γρύπος (grúpos, “hook-nosed”).
sedile
From Latin sedīle, from sedēre. By surface analysis, sed- (“seat”) + -ile.
Helga
From Old Norse Helga (“holy”), a pre-Christian term, feminine form of Helgi. Doublet of Olga.
Thora
Short form of Old Norse female given names beginning with Þórr (“Thor”).
estancia
Borrowed from Spanish estancia. Doublet of stance and stanza.
From Spanish estancia.
calabaza
Borrowed from Spanish calabaza.
Borrowed from Spanish Calabaza, from calabaza (“pumpkin”).
escolar
From Spanish escolar, because of a resemblance of the rings around the eyes to a scholar's spectacles. Doublet of scholar.
]
obstinance
From Middle English obstinance, obstinaunce, from Medieval Latin obstināntia, equivalent to obstinant + -ance.
tutelar
From Latin tūtelāris, from tūtēla (“tutelage, guardianship; dependent, client”) + -āris (suffix used to form an adjective, usually from a noun, indicating a relationship or a pertaining to).
bagnio
From Italian bagno, from Latin balneum (“bath”). Doublet of bain, balaneion, and banya.
pelerine
Borrowed from French pèlerine, feminine of pèlerin (“pilgrim”), from Late Latin pelegrīnus. First attested in 1744.
pricket
From Middle English precat, preket, priket, pryket; equivalent to prick + -et. Earlier currency of the Middle English word is apparently implied by surnames and borrowings into Latin and Anglo-Norman.
luxate
From Latin luxātus (“dislocated”) perfect passive participle of lū̆xō (“to dislocate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more.
From Latin luxātus (“dislocated”), see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.
mundungus
From the Spanish mondongo (“tripe, entrails”), perhaps via its English etymon mondongo.
troche
Medical English got troche and trochiscus from late Latin trochiscus; from Ancient Greek τρόχισκος (trókhiskos, “a small ball”), ultimately from Ancient Greek τροχός (trokhós, “wheel”).
Marco Polo
After Marco Polo (1254–1324), Venetian merchant, whose travels were documented in a book that introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China. The Italian name is from Latin Marcus + Paulus.
tokay
From Hungarian tokaji (“of Tokay”), from Tokaj (placename) + -i (“originating from”).
certiorari
From the present passive infinitive of Latin certiōrō (“to make certain”), from the words used at the beginning of these writs when they were written in Latin: certiorārī volumus (“[we] wish to be made certain”).
wimble
From Middle English wymble, wymbel. Compare Middle Dutch wimmel, Middle Low German wimel, wemel.
From Middle English wimblen, from the noun (above). Compare Middle Low German wemelen.
believing
From Middle English bilevyng, belevand, bileveand, belefand, from Old English *belēfende, ġelīfende, ġelȳfende. Equivalent to believe + -ing.
From Middle English bilevinge, belewynge, equivalent to believe + -ing.
stive
Apparently from a Middle Dutch noun related to stuiven and cognate to German Staub (“dust”).
From Middle English stīven, alternative form of stūphen (“to steep (meat in a liquid)”), from Vulgar Latin *extuphāre, *extufāre, *extupāre, from ex- + Ancient Greek τύφω (túphō, “to smoke”). Compare Scots stove (“to stew”) (whence Irish stobh), Old French estuver (“to put into hot water”), and Dutch stoven (“to stew, simmer”).
decigramme
From French décigramme. By surface analysis, deci- + gramme.
erhu
From Mandarin 二胡 (èrhú), from 二 (èr, “two”) + 胡 (hú, “fiddle; short for 胡琴, a family of Chinese vertical fiddles”).
so that
From Middle English so that, so þat, sa þat, swo þat, swa þat, from Old English swā þæt, equivalent to so + that. Cognate with Saterland Frisian sodät, West Frisian sadat, Dutch zodat, German sodaß, sodass.
agomphious
From Ancient Greek ἀγόμφιος (agómphios, “without molars”) (from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + γομφίος (gomphíos, “molar”), from γόμφος (gómphos, “peg”)) + -ious.
agerasia
From Ancient Greek ἀγηρασία (agērasía, “eternal youth”). Compare gero-, athanasy.
aerugo
Borrowed from Latin aerūgō, from aes (“copper, bronze, brass”).
ablepsia
From Ancient Greek ἀβλεψία (ablepsía, “blindness”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + βλέπω (blépō, “see”).
aduncity
From Latin aduncitās (“hookedness”), from aduncus + -itās. By surface analysis, adunc + -ity.
inaniloquent
From Latin inānis (“empty, hollow, void; vain; worthless; foolish, inane”) + loquī (from loquor (“to say, speak, tell, talk”)); compare ināniloquium (“nonsense; vain talking”).
five-spice powder
Calque from Chinese 五香粉 (wǔxiāngfěn).
assonate
From Latin assonō, from ad (“to, towards”) + sonō (“to sound, resound”).
bedaze
From Middle English *bedasen (found in past participle bedased, bedasyd (“dazed, dizzy”)), equivalent to be- + daze.
arche
From Ancient Greek ἀρχή (arkhḗ, literally “beginning, origin”).
affranchise
From late Middle English affranchysen, from Old French afranchiss-, long stem of afranchir (modern French affranchir), from a- + franchir (“to free”). By surface analysis, af- + franchise.
Sion
From French Sion, from Latin Sedunum, from the name of the Seduni tribe.
Two main origins:
* Borrowed from Galician Sión, a habitational surname from a place in Pontevedra province.
* Borrowed from French Sion, a reduced form of the personal name Michon.
carambola
Presumably from Marathi करंबळ (karambaḷ), via Portuguese.
alameda
Borrowed from Spanish alameda.
From Spanish alameda (“avenue lined with poplars”).
chalupa
Borrowed from Mexican Spanish chalupa. Doublet of shallop and sloop.
Borrowed either from Czech Chalupa or Polish Chałupa.
lote
From Middle English loten, lotien, from Old English *lotian, a variant (influenced by Old English lot (“fraud; deceit”)) of lutian (“to lie hid; be concealed; lurk; skulk; be latent”), from Proto-Germanic *lutōną (“to conceal; hide; lurk”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌻𐌿𐍄𐍉𐌽 (lutōn, “to deceive”).
From Latin lotus, from Ancient Greek λωτός (lōtós, “lotus”). Doublet of lotus.
moho
From Māori moho.
From Hawaiian ʻōʻō, onomatopoeic from its call, via confusion of its name with the moho (“rail”).
augurate
From Latin augurātus (“augurate”). By surface analysis, augur + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office).
From Latin augurātus, perfect passive participle of augurō (“to predict, foretell”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). By surface analysis, augur + -ate.
Gerda
Latinate variant of Scandinavian Gerd, from Old Norse Gerðr, garðr (“protection”). The name occurs in nineteenth century Swedish poetry and in Hans Christian Andersen's Snow Queen (1844).
Aeneid
From Latin Aeneis (Greek third declension, genitive Aeneidos), from Aeneas + -is. By surface analysis, Aeneas + -id.
taho
Borrowed from Tagalog taho, from Hokkien 豆腐 (tāu-hū, “tofu”) or perhaps 豆腐花 (tāu-hū-hoe, “tofu pudding”) that it might simply be short for.
abrash
Borrowed from Turkish abraş, from Ottoman Turkish آبراش (abraş), from Arabic أَبْرَش (ʔabraš, “dappled, mottled”).