MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
hated
From Middle English hated, from Old English hatod, ġehatod (“hated”, past participle), from Proto-Germanic *hatadaz (“hated”), equivalent to hate + -ed. Cognate with Saterland Frisian haated, hoated (“hated”), Dutch gehaat (“hated”), German Low German haat (“hated”), German gehasst (“hated”), Swedish hatad (“hated”), Icelandic hataður (“hated”).
planted
From Middle English planted, iplaunted, iplanted, from Old English ġeplantod (“planted”), equivalent to plant + -ed.
hui
Borrowed from Māori hui.
Borrowed from Mandarin 回 (Huí).
Borrowed from Mandarin 徽 (Huī).
Borrowed from Mandarin 惠 (Huì), 回 (Huí), or Cantonese 許／许 (heoi2).
mingle
From earlier mingil, mengle, from Middle English menglen, equivalent to ming + -le. Cognate with Dutch mengelen (“to mingle, mix”), German mengen (“to mingle, mix”). More at ming.
renew
From Middle English renewen, an alteration (possibly on analogy with Latin renovāre) of earlier anewen (“to renew”), from Old English nīewian (“to restore; renovate; renew”), equivalent to re- + new. Cognate with Old High German giniuwōn (“to renew”), Middle High German geniuwen (“to renew”), Old Norse nýja (“to renew”).
bawl
From Middle English baulen, from Old Norse baula (“to bellow”) and/or Medieval Latin baulō (“to bark”), both from Proto-Germanic *bau- (“to roar”), conflated with Proto-Germanic *bellaną, *ballijaną, *buljaną (“to shout, low, roar”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to sound, roar”). Cognate with Faroese belja (“to low”), Icelandic baula (“to moo, low”), Swedish böla (“to bellow, low”). More at bell.
beholden
From Middle English biholden (“beholden, obligated”), past participle of biholden (“to behold, look at”, modern behold), though that verb does not mean "to bind, obligate".
blanquette
Borrowed from French blanquette, from Provençal blanqueto, a diminutive of blanc (“white”), derived, through early Medieval Latin blancus, from Frankish *blank (“gleaming, white, blinding”), from Proto-Germanic *blankaz (“white, bright, blinding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bhleg- (“to shine”).
 Compare blanket.
shalt
From Middle English schalt, from Old English sċealt, from Proto-West Germanic *skalt. Compare wilt.
borborygmus
From New Latin borborygmus, from Ancient Greek βορβορυγμός (borborugmós), of onomatopoeic origin.
Caesar
From Latin Caesar. Displaced Old English cāsere, which would have yielded *caser, *coser, and Middle English keiser, kaiser, from Old Norse and continental Germanic languages. All ultimately from the same Latin root. (See also Kaiser and tsar.)
chowry
Borrowed from Hindi चौंरी (ca͠urī), from Sanskrit चमर (camara, “yak”).
saddle
From Middle English sadel, from Old English sadol, from Proto-West Germanic *sadul, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz (“saddle”). Further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sod-dʰlo-, from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-dʰlom (a variant of *-trom (suffix forming nouns denoting instruments or tools)), though the Oxford English Dictionary says this “presents formal difficulties”.
Cognates
* Danish sadel
* Dutch zadel
* German Sattel
* Icelandic söðull
* Low German Sadel
* Russian седло́ (sedló)
* Saterland Frisian Soadel
* Scots sadil
* Swedish sadel
* West Frisian seal
From Middle English sadelen (“to put a saddle on (an animal), to saddle”) [and other forms], from Old English sadolian, sadelian, sadilian (“to saddle”), from Proto-Germanic *sadulōną (“to saddle”), from *sadulaz (“a saddle”, noun) (see further at etymology 1) + *-ōną (suffix forming denominative verbs from nouns).
Cognates
* Middle Dutch sādelen (modern Dutch zadelen)
* Middle Low German sādelen
* Old Danish sathlæ (modern Danish sadle)
* Old High German satalōn, satulōn (Middle High German satelen, sateln, German satteln)
* Old Norse sǫðla
* Old Swedish saþla (modern Swedish sadla)
stately
From Middle English staately, staatly, stateli, statelie, stately, statelyche, statelye, statli, statly. Compare stour. By surface analysis, state + -ly (adjectival suffix).
From Middle English stately, statli, equivalent to state + -ly (adverbial suffix).
delightful
From Middle English deliteful, delitfull, equivalent to delight + -ful.
stair
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *stéygʰeti
Proto-Germanic *stīganą
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Germanic *-janą
Proto-Germanic *staigijaną
Proto-Indo-European *-rós
Proto-Germanic *-raz
Proto-Germanic *staigraz
Proto-Germanic *staigriz
Proto-West Germanic *staigri
Old English stǣġer
Middle English steire
English stair
From Middle English steire, staire, stayre, stayer, steir, steyre, steyer, from Old English stǣġer (“stair, staircase”), from Proto-West Germanic *staigri, from Proto-Germanic *staigriz (“stairs, scaffolding”), from Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ- (“to walk, proceed, march, climb”).
Cognate with Dutch steiger (“a stair, step, wharf, pier, scaffolding”), Middle Low German steiger, steir (“scaffolding”), German Low German Steiger (“a scaffold; trestle”). Related to Old English āstǣġan (“to ascend, go up, embark”), Old English stīġan (“to go, move, reach; ascend, mount, go up, spring up, rise; scale”), German Stiege (“a flight of stairs”). More at sty.
distich
From Latin distichon (“a poem of two verses, a distich consisting of a hexameter and a pentameter”), from Ancient Greek δίστιχον (dístikhon).
paries
Borrowed from Latin pariēs (“wall of a house or room”). Compare French paroi (“wall”), Italian parete (“wall”), Portuguese parede (“wall”) Spanish pared (“wall”) and Romanian perete (“wall”).
Borrowed from French Paries or Pariès.
gelatinous
From gelatine + -ous; probably modeled on French gélatineux.
heeze
From Middle English hissa! (a cry used by sailors in pulling or hauling). Compare Dutch hijsen.
fadge
Unknown. According to Chambers, from Old English fēġan (“to join or fit together”); Liberman suggests a Middle English variant of fagot (“bundle of sticks”). Compare also Old English feċġan (“to seize, take hold, bring to”).
conifer
From Latin cōnifer (“bearing cones”), by surface analysis, Latin cōnus (“cone”) + -fer.
advocacy
From Middle English advocacie, advocacye, advocatye, from Middle French advocacie, advocatie, avocacie and Medieval Latin advocātia; equivalent to advocate + -cy.
manchineel
From Spanish manzanillo, from manzana (“apple”), from Latin malum Matianum (“a kind of apple”).
bigot
From French bigot (“a sanctimonious person; a religious hypocrite”), from Middle French bigot, from Old French bigot, of disputed origin. It is most often believed to have derived from the identical Old French derogatory term bigot applied to the overly religious Normans, said to be known for frequently swearing Middle English bi God (“by God”) (compare Old English bī god, Middle High German bī got, Middle Dutch bi gode), which is also thought to be the origin of the surname Bigott, Bygott. (Compare the French use of "goddamns" to refer to the English in Joan of Arc's time, and les sommobiches (see son of a bitch) during World War I). From meaning "someone overly religious" it came to mean "someone overly devoted to their own religious opinion", and then to its current sense.
The French Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales supports the Germanic origin theory above. Liberman however opines that this has "too strong a taste of a folk etymological guess invented in retrospect" and prefers Grammont et al.'s theory that it derives from Albigot (“inhabitant of Albi”), named after the commune in southern France where Catharism (also known as Albigensianism) is thought to have originated. However, neither the Oxford English Dictionary nor Online Etymology Dictionary list Grammont and Liberman's theory among their possible origins.
Compare typologically Russian ханжа́ (xanžá) (< Ottoman Turkish حاجی (hacı, “Kaaba pilgrim”)).
Bett
* As an English surname, from personal names based on pet forms of Beatrice or Elizabeth, also masculine pet forms of Bertram and Bartholomew.
* As a German surname from the noun Bett.
rakija
Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian rakija/ракија, from Ottoman Turkish راقی (rakı), assumed from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq, “sweat; wine”) (as rakija or wine vapor drops are similar to drops of sweat). Doublet of raki.
surra
From Marathi [script needed] (sūra, “air breathed through the nostrils”), imitative of heavy breathing through the nostrils.
gravamen
Learned borrowing from Late Latin gravāmen (“physical inconvenience”) and Medieval Latin gravāmen (“grievance”), from Latin gravāre + -men (suffix forming neuter nouns of the third declension). Gravāre is the present active infinitive of gravō (“to burden, weigh down; to oppress”), from gravis (“heavy; grave, serious; hard, troublesome”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).
The plural form gravamina is derived from Late Latin gravāmina.
geminate
First attested in 1589; borrowed from Latin geminātus, perfect passive participle of geminō (“to double”), see -ate (etymology 1,2 and 3).
bote
Learned borrowing from Middle English bōte (“advantage, benefit, profit; relief, salvation; atonement, amends, expiation; cure”), from Old English bōt (“help, relief, advantage, remedy; compensation for an injury or wrong; (peace) offering, recompense, amends, atonement, reformation, penance, repentance”), from Proto-West Germanic *bōtu, from Proto-Germanic *bōtō (“recompense”). Doublet of boot (inherited from the same Middle English word).
gemma
Learned borrowing from Latin gemma (“bud on a plant”). Doublet of gem and Gemma.
Ultimately from Latin gemma (“jewel”). The given name is mostly borrowed via Italian Gemma; the spelling Jemma in particular is associated with James. Doublet of gemma and gem.
trooper
From troop + -er, from French troupe. The sense of “one who endures adversity” comes from trouper (“member of an acting troupe”) but through assimilation with the sense of “soldier” has come to be usually spelled “trooper”.
borscht
1884 or 1808. Borrowed from Yiddish באָרשט (borsht), from Russian or Ukrainian борщ (boršč). Doublet of barszcz.
brahman
From Hindi ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇ) / Urdu براہمن (brāhman).
Borrowed from Sanskrit ब्रह्मन् (bráhman).
rappee
From French (tabac) râpé (“grated (tobacco)”), past participle of râper (“to grate”), from Old French rasper "to scrape"; of Germanic origin.
nullah
Borrowed from Bengali নালা (nala), Hindi नाला (nālā), from Sanskrit नाडी (nāḍī).
obsequy
From Middle English obseque, from Old French obseque, osseque, from Latin obsequiī (“complaisant, yielding”), alteration of obsequia (“compliance”) (by confusion, in association with exsequia (“funeral rites”), from exsequī (“follow or accompany to the grave”)).
frivol
From French frivole, from Latin frīvolus (“trifling, worthless”).
mizzle
From Late Middle English misellen (“to drizzle”), cognate with Low German miseln, musseln (“to mizzle”), Dutch miezelen (“to drizzle, rain gently”). Of obscure origin, possibly a frequentative related to the base of mist; or, related to Middle Low German mes (“urine”), Middle Dutch mes, mis (“urine”), both from Old Saxon mehs (“urine”), from Proto-Germanic *mihstuz, *mihstaz, *mihsk- (“urine”), from *mīganą (“to urinate”), from Proto-Indo-European *meiǵʰ-, *omeiǵʰ- (“to urinate”). Compare also English micturate (“to urinate”), Old Frisian mese (“urine”), Low German miegen (“to urinate”), Dutch mijgen (“to urinate”), Danish mige (“to urinate”).
Unknown. Perhaps from Shelta mi(e)sli (“go”).
hurcheon
A variant of urchin, from Middle English hirchoun (“hedgehog”), from Old French heriçon (“hedgehog”). Compare Scots hurcheon.
horsehair
From Middle English hors her, horshere, hors-here, hors heer (also hors-hore), equivalent to horse + hair. Compare Old Norse hross-hár (“horsehair”).
malison
From Middle English malisoun, from Old French maleison, from Latin maledictiō, from the past participle stem of maledīcō (“to speak ill of”), from male (“wickedly, badly”) + dīcō (“say, speak”). Doublet of malediction.
tricerion
From Ancient Greek τρικήριον (trikḗrion) from τρι- (tri-) + κηρός (kērós) + -ιον (-ion).
gweilo
From Cantonese 鬼佬 (gwai² lou²), from 鬼 (gwai², “ghost”) + 佬 (lou², “guy, man”).
tit for tat
Uncertain; conjectured to be ultimately from Dutch dit voor dat (“this for that”) or French tant pour tant (“equal for equal”). Compare earlier tip for tap (“(a) blow for (a) blow”), from tip + tap; compare also dialectal tint for tant and tit (“a light blow or hit”). The vowel sequence follows a typical ablaut reduplication pattern.
philtrum
Borrowed from the Latin philtrum (“a love potion”), from Ancient Greek φῐ́λτρον (phĭ́ltron, “a love charm; the dimple in the upper lip”). Doublet of philter.
diastole
From Ancient Greek διαστολή (diastolḗ, “separation, drawing asunder”), from διά (diá, “apart”) + στέλλειν (stéllein, “send”).
pantechnicon
From Pantechnicon, a 19th-century firm which owned a building with a Greek-style facade of Doric columns in Motcomb Street, Belgrave Square, London, UK, with a picture gallery, a furniture shop, a shop selling carriages, and a warehouse for storing customers’ furniture and other items. The firm used large horse-drawn vans to collect and deliver their customers' property, which came to be known as Pantechnicon vans.
The word was coined by the firm from pan- (“all”) (from Ancient Greek πᾶν (pân), neuter form of πᾶς (pâs, “all, every”)) + τεχνικόν (tekhnikón), neuter singular of τεχνικός (tekhnikós, “technical”).
apsis
From Latin apsis, hapsis, from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch, vault”). See also apse.
sich
Borrowed from Ukrainian Січ (Sič), from Ukrainian сікти (sikty, “to chop”), alluding to the clearing of a forest for an encampment, or the building of a fort with trees that have been cut down.
proboscis
From Latin proboscis, from Ancient Greek προβοσκίς (proboskís, “elephant's trunk”) literally "means for taking food," from προ- (pro-, “before”) + βόσκω (bóskō, “to nourish, feed”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeh₃- from which also comes βοτάνη (botánē, “grass, fodder”).
plexus
Borrowed from Latin plexus (“a twining, plaiting, braid”).
Ceres
Learned borrowing from Latin Cerēs, goddess of the bounty, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to grow, to nourish”). More at create.
pian
Borrowed from Portuguese piã, Spanish pian, or French pian, said to be from a Tupi-Guarani word.
extort
Borrowed from Latin extortus, past participle of extorquere (“to twist or wrench out, to extort”); from ex (“out”) + -tort, from torqueō (“twist, turn”).
torsion
From Middle English torcion, from Middle French torsion, from Late Latin torsiōnem, from Latin tortiō, from torqueō (“twist, turn”). See torture, -tort.
homeostasis
Coined from Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “similar, the same”) + -stasis by Walter Bradford Cannon, from Ancient Greek στάσις (stásis, “standing, state”).
cerebrum
Inherited from Middle English cerebrum, from Latin cerebrum (“a brain; a skull”); see there for more.
admissible
Borrowed from Middle French admissible. Equivalent to admit + -ible
tilt
From Middle English tilte, from Old English *tyltan, *tieltan (“to be unsteady”), related to the adjective tealt (“unsteady”), from Proto-West Germanic *talt, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *del-, *dul- (“to shake, hesitate”), see also Dutch touteren (“to tremble”), North Frisian talt, tolt (“unstable, shaky”). Cognate with Icelandic tölt (“an ambling pace”).
The nominal sense of "a joust" appears around 1510, presumably derived from the barrier which separated the combatants, which suggests connection with tilt "covering". The modern transitive meaning is from 1590; the intransitive use appears 1620.
The sense of gaming frustration is said to originate with pinball.
From Middle English telte, tield, teld, from Old English teld (“tent”), from Proto-West Germanic *teld, from Proto-Germanic *teldą (“tent”). Perhaps influenced by Middle Low German telt, or Danish telt. Cognates include German Zelt (“tent”), Old Norse tjald (“tent”) (whence also archaic Danish tjæld (“tent”)). More at teld.
hylic
From Medieval Latin hylicus, from Ancient Greek ὑλικός (hulikós, “wooden, material”), from ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē, “wood, matter”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic, forming adjectives”). As a noun, a clipped calque of homo hylicus (“hylic man”).
limn
From Middle English limnen, limyne, lymm, lymn, lymne (“to illuminate (a manuscript)”), a variant of luminen (“to illuminate (a manuscript)”), short form of enluminen (“to shed light on, illuminate; to enlighten; to make bright or clear; to give colour to; to illuminate (a manuscript); to depict, describe; to adorn or embellish with figures of speech or poetry; to make famous, glorious, or illustrious”), from Old French enluminer (“to brighten, light up; to give colour to; to illuminate (a manuscript)”), from Latin illūminō (“to brighten, light up; to adorn; to make conspicuous”), from il- (a variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘in, inside’)) + lūminō (“to brighten, illuminate; to reveal”) (from lūmen (“light; (poetic) brightness”) (from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine; to see”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)).
besmear
From Middle English *bismerwen, from Old English besmirwan, besmierwan (“to besmear”), equivalent to be- + smear. Cognate with Dutch besmeren (“to besmear”), German beschmieren (“to besmear”).
ligate
First attested in 1599; borrowed from Latin ligātus, perfect passive participle of ligō (“to bind”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of legato. Compare league.
manta ray
From Spanish mantarraya, itself a compound from manta and raya; according to Jorge Juan y Santacilia and Antonio de Ulloa, so called “for being broad and long like a quilt”.
oriole
A borrowing from Middle French oriol, from Old French oriol, from Latin aureolus, diminutive of aureus (“golden”). Doublet of aureole. First use appears c. 1776 in the writings of Thomas Pennant.
shola
From Bengali শোলা (śōla).
From Tamil [Term?].
topee
From Hindi टोपी (ṭopī)/Urdu ٹوپی (ṭōpī).
solar topee
From Hindi सोला टोपी (solā ṭopī), from Hindi सोला (solā, “the plant Aeschynomene aspera, used to make pith helmets”) + Hindi टोपी (ṭopī, “hat”). The spelling solar is a Hobson-Jobsonism from English solar (“relating to the sun”), as the hat provided shade from the sun.
Japonia
From New Latin Japō̆nia, also spelled Iapō̆nia, through Japon + -ia.
ballet
Borrowed from French ballet, from Italian balletto (“short dance, ballet”), diminutive form of ballo (“group dance”), from Late Latin ballō (“to dance”).
sawbuck
* From saw + buck, calque of Dutch zaagbok.
* (ten-dollar bill): From the resemblance of the Roman numeral X (ten) to a sawhorse.
beezer
Unknown, perhaps from Spanish cabeza (“head”), though the meaning “head” appears to somewhat postdate “nose” in English. First attested in 1908, originally apparently as American boxing slang. Various sources have suggested a borrowing, perhaps by American sailors or marines, from Mandarin 鼻子 (“nose”). While the Mandarin may have reinforced an existing term, an ultimate derivation from Mandarin is improbable given the context and time frame of early use.
Borrowed from Scots beezer, beeser, of unknown origin. First attested in the 1910s. The adjective is from the noun.
bing
From Middle English bing, binge, benge (also as Middle English byngger, bengere (“grain bin, hopper”)), from Old Norse bingr (“heap of corn; bed; bolster”), cognate with Scots bing, Swedish binge (“heap”), Danish bing (“bin; box; compartment”).
Compare also Scottish Gaelic binnean meaning a small hill or slag heap.
muset
From Middle French mussette, from Old French mussette, diminutive of musse, muce (“a hiding place”).
goog
From Irish and Scottish Gaelic gog / gug, cf. googie, from gugaí / gogaí (“sound made by chickens, baby name for chicken, baby name for egg" (i.e. gug-gug-gugaí)”).
grift
American criminal underworld slang, 1906 (noun), 1915 (verb), alteration of graft (“corruption, illicit profit through corrupt means, bribe, one's occupation”), alteration perhaps influenced by similar sounding words, e.g. drift, etc., probably ultimately from Middle Dutch graft (“digging, ditch, canal, trench”) (modern Dutch gracht), related to Dutch graven (“to dig”), English grave (“to dig”).
vig
Clipping of vigorish, from Yiddish וויגריש (vigrish), from Russian вы́игрыш (výigryš, “winnings”).
vigorish
From Yiddish וויגריש (vigrish), from Russian вы́игрыш (výigryš, “winnings”).
dishwasher
From Middle English dysche wescheare, equivalent to dish + washer.
arraign
From Middle English areynen (“to interrogate, arraign, reprimand”), from Anglo-Norman areiner, arener, from Old French araisnier, areisnier, aresnier (“to speak to, address; accuse (in a law court)”) (whence modern French arraisonner (“to verify cargo, to arraign”)), from Vulgar Latin *arratiōnāre, from Latin adratiōnāre, from ad (“to”) + *ratiōnāre (“to reason, talk reasonably, talk”), from ratiō (“reason, reasoning, discourse”), from rat-, past-participle stem of rērī (“to reckon, calculate”). First attested in the late 14th century. Doublet of areason.
About the -g- within the word, Etymonline and the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary both agree that it is present by hypercorrection and appears since the 16th century. The Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) and the Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1986) however, provides two etymological links each, which are Old French aragnier and araigner. The Oxford English Dictionary (1885, 1989) did not support either of these hypotheses, but did attribute Old French arraigner, arainer to an unrelated obsolete sense and etymon.
animadversion
From Middle French animadversion and its etymon Latin animadversiō (“observation, criticism”), from animadvertō (“to pay attention”), from animus (“mind”) + advertō (“to turn to”).
haystack
From Middle English haystak, haystake, hey stak, equivalent to hay + stack.
spermatozoon
From Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma, “sperm”) + ζῷον (zōîon, “living thing”), equivalent to spermato- + -zoon.
animalcule
Learned borrowing from Late Latin animalculum (“lowly or small animal”) + English -cule (diminutive suffix). Animalculum is derived from Latin animal (“animal; living creature”) + -culum (diminutive suffix); and animal from animāle, the nominative neuter singular of animālis (“animate, living; relating to living creatures”), from anima (“breath; life; soul, spirit”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). The English word is analysable as animal + -cule.
shard
From Middle English shard, scherd, scheard, schord, from Old English sċeard (“a broken piece; shard”), from Proto-West Germanic *skard, from Proto-Germanic *skardą (“notch; nick”), from *skardaz (“damaged; nicked; scarred”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Akin to Scots schaird (“shard”), French écharde (“splinter”), Dutch schaarde (“tear; notch; fragment”), German Scharte (“notch”), Old Norse skarð (“notch, hack”) ( > Danish skår).
The database sense is perhaps derived from the online gaming sense or from SHARD (System for Highly Available Replicated Data), name of a 1980s database product.
philosophers' stone
From Middle English philosophres ston, a calque of Latin lapis philosophōrum.
Cheapside
From Old English Ċēapsīde, i.e. “district beside the market”. See ċēap and sīde.
homer
From Hebrew חומר / חֹמֶר (khómer, “clay, heap, large unit of volume”).
From Latin Homērus, from Ancient Greek Ὅμηρος (Hómēros).
From Middle English [Term?], an occupational name for a helmet maker, or a variant of Holme.
daylight
From Middle English daye-lighte, dey liȝht, dailiȝt, day-liht, dai-liht (also as days lyȝt, daies liht), equivalent to day + light. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Deegeslucht, Daisljoacht (“daylight”), West Frisian deiljocht (“daylight”), Dutch daglicht (“daylight”), German Tageslicht (“daylight”).
ransom
From the Middle English ransoun, from the Old French raençon, from stem of Latin redēmptiō. Entered English ca. the 13th century. Doublet of redemption.
Jenga
Etymology tree
Proto-Bantu [Term?]
Swahili -jengabor.
English Jenga
Borrowed from Swahili -jenga (“to construct, to build”).