MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Balochistan
Borrowed from Urdu بَلوچِسْتان (balocistān), from Baluchi بلوچِستان, or Classical Persian بَلوچِسْتَان (balōčistān). By surface analysis, Baloch + -istan.
donnybrook
Named from Donnybrook Fair, a notoriously disorderly event, held annually from 1204 until the middle of the 19th century. The town of Donnybrook comes from the Irish Domhnach Broc (“The Church of Saint Broc”).
Xinjiang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng, “new territory, new frontier”), from 新 (xīn, “new”) + 疆 (jiāng, “territory, border, frontier”).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 新絳／新绛 (Xīnjiàng).
Karakoram
Ultimately from a Turkic language, literally meaning "black gravel". See Ottoman Turkish قره (qara, “black”) and possibly قوروم (kurum, “soot”) (kurum) and compare Urdu قراقرم (qarāquram) / قرہ قرم (qara quram).
volante
Borrowed from Spanish volante (literally “flying”).
Borrowed from Italian and Spanish Volante.
mockery
From Middle English mokkery, from Anglo-Norman mokerie, mokery and Middle French mocquerie, moquerie, from moquer, moker (“to mock”) + -erie (“-ery”), perhaps from Byzantine Greek μωκός (mōkós, “mocker”), perhaps from Arabic مَكْر (makr, “scheme, plot”). Equivalent to mock + -ery.
goodwill
From Middle English *goodwille, good wille (“goodwill”), perhaps from Old English *gōdwille (“goodwill”); compare Old English gōdwillende (“well-pleased”); also Scots guidwilly, guidwillie (“displaying goodwill”), equivalent to good + will. Cognate with Scots guidwill (“goodwill”), Middle Low German gūtwille (“goodwill”), Old High German guotwilligi (“goodwill”), Old Danish godvilje (“goodwill”), Icelandic góðvilji, góðvili (“goodwill”), Icelandic góðvild (“goodness”). The sense "thrift shop" is a genericized trademark of a US chain of such shops.
hot pot
Surface analysis hot + pot. For sense of stewed meat and potatoes, compare French pot-au-feu. For the sense of a communal meal cooked at the table, Calque of Chinese 火鍋 /火锅.
Toxotes
From Ancient Greek τοξότης (toxótēs, “bowman, archer”).
Trevena
Borrowed from Cornish Tre war Venydh, meaning "village on a mountain".
Holy Trinity
From Middle English holy Trinitee, a partial translation of earlier hali þrumnesse, haliʒ ðrymnesse (“holy trinity”, literally “holy threeness”), from Old English hālgu þrines. Equivalent to holy + Trinity.
closure
From Middle English closure, from Old French closure, from Late Latin clausura, from Latin claudere (“to close”); see clausure and cloture (etymological doublets) and close.
presumptive
PIE word
 *upó
From Late Middle English presumptif, presumptijf (“based on presumption”), from Anglo-Norman presumptif and Middle French presumptif, présomptif (“based on presumption; of an heir or heiress: presumed to be entitled to inherit unless someone with a superior entitlement is born; presumptuous”) (modern French présomptif), and directly from their etymon Late Latin praesumptivus (“based on presumption; bold; insolent”), from Latin praesūmptus (“presumed”) + -īvus (suffix forming adjectives). Praesūmptus is the perfect passive participle of praesūmō (“to presume”), from prae- (prefix meaning ‘before; in front’) + sūmō (“to seize, take; to accept, presuppose; to undertake”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- (“to distribute; to take”)).
barouche
From dialectal German Barutsche, from Italian baroccio, from Late Latin *birotium, from Latin birotus (“chariot”), from bi- (“two”) + rota (“wheel”). The spelling was altered in English as if the word had come from French. Doublet of britchka.
doosra
From Hindi दूसरा (dūsrā, “second; other”).
halfpenny
From Middle English halpeni, halfpeni (“English coin worth half a penny; coin used in biblical times; small foreign coin”), and then either:
* from half (“half”) (from Old English healf; ultimate etymology unknown, possible from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to incline”) or *(s)kelH- (“to cut; to separate, split”)) + peni, penni (“English coin; coin used in biblical times; foreign coin; (especially in the plural) cash, money; pennyweight”) (from Old English penning, from Proto-Germanic *panningaz (“coin, penny”); further etymology uncertain); or
* from Late Old English halpene, halpenige (which can also be construed as early Middle English), from healf + penning (see above).
By surface analysis, half + penny.
olfaction
Borrowed from Middle French olfaction /olefaction, from Latin olfactus, perfect passive participle of olfaciō (“to smell (transitive)”) + -tion.
omphacite
From Ancient Greek ὄμφαξ (ómphax, “unripe fruit, especially grapes”) + -ite.
eclogite
From Ancient Greek ἐκλογή (eklogḗ, “selection”), + -ite.
diopside
From French diopside, from Ancient Greek δίοψις (díopsis, “transparency”) + -ide.
Kiran
From Sanskrit किरण (kiraṇa, “ray of light”).
gidgee
Borrowed from Wiradjuri gijir.
From Nyunga gidji.
pan-
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πᾶς (pâs)
Ancient Greek πᾰν- (păn-)bor.
English pan-
Borrowed from Ancient Greek πᾰν- (păn-), combining form of πᾶς (pâs, “all, every”).
zocalo
From Mexican Spanish zócalo. Doublet of socle and zoccolo.
spudger
1425–75; a variant of late Middle English spuddle (“short knife”).
cacik
From Turkish cacık, from Ottoman Turkish جاجیق (cacık). Doublet of tzatziki.
hatif
Borrowed from Arabic هَاتِف (hātif, “shouting”).
overwork
From Middle English overwerken, possibly from Old English oferwyrċan (“to overwork, overlay”), equivalent to over- + work. Cognate with Dutch overwerken (“to overwork”).
From Middle English overwerc, from Old English oferweorc, oferġeweorc (“an overwork, superstructure, tomb”), equivalent to over- + work.
findable
From Middle English fyndable, fyndeable, equivalent to find + -able.
attornment
From Old French atorner (“to turn”), through Middle English with the suffix -ment.
attorn
From Middle English attournen, from Old French atorner (“designate”), from a- (“to”) + torner (“turn”).
knorr
Learned borrowing from Old Norse knǫrr.
From the Dutch and German surname, from the root of Middle Dutch and Middle Low German cnorre, knorre (“protruberance, knot”). See gnarled.
excuss
Borrowed from Latin excussus, past participle of excutere (“to shake off”).
tragacanth
From Latin tragacantha, from Koine Greek τραγάκανθα (tragákantha, “tragacanth”), from Ancient Greek τράγος (trágos, “he-goat”) + ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”). Doublet of adragant.
usucapion
From Latin usucapio, usucapionis (“to acquire by prescription”).
autogyro
From auto- and gyro-, from latinized forms of Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-, “self-”) and γῦρος (gûros, “circle, gyre”), a variant of earlier Spanish autogiro.
kuku
From Persian کوکو (kuku).
Borrowed from Japanese くく (kuku, onomatopoeia for the sound of laughter).
monopsony
From Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone, solitary; singular, unique”) + ὀψωνέω (opsōnéō, “to buy fish or victuals in general”) + -y, modelled after monopoly. ὀψωνέω is from ὄψον (ópson, “delicacies”) + ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai, “to buy, purchase”). The English word was coined by British classics scholar Bertrand Hallward (1901–2003), and popularized by British economist Joan Robinson (1903–1983) in her book The Economics of Imperfect Competition (1933): see the quotation.
Pinoy
Borrowed from Tagalog Pinoy. Pinoy caught on with the Florante song “Ako'y isang Pinoy” ("I am a Pinoy"), which became popular in Filipino culture to denote their country of origin and background.
This term was first used and popularized by Filipino immigrants to the United States before it came into general mainstream use.
pepo
Borrowed from Latin pepō, from Ancient Greek πέπων (pépōn, “large melon”), from πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”), from πέπτω (péptō, “ripen”). Doublet of pumpion; compare pumpkin.
cine
Clipping of cinefilm, from Ancient Greek κῑνέω (kīnéō, “to move”).
paparazzo
Borrowed from Italian paparazzo, from the name of Coriolano Paparazzo, a character in Federico Fellini's La dolce vita.
costard
From Middle English costard, perhaps from Old French coste (“rib”) + -ard, in reference to its ribbed appearance.
planula
Borrowed from Latin plānula, diminutive of plāna (“plane”).
courtesan
Borrowed from Middle French courtisane, from Italian cortigiana, feminine of cortigiano (“courtier”), from corte (“court”), itself from Latin cohors.
ambrotype
From Ancient Greek ἄμβροτος (ámbrotos, “immortal”) and τύπος (túpos, “impression”).
catechesis
Learned borrowing from Latin catēchēsis, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek κατήχησις (katḗkhēsis), from κατηχέω (katēkhéō, “sound through, instruct orally, catechise”).
Pedro
Borrowed from Spanish and Portuguese Pedro, from Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “stone, rock”). Doublet of Peter, Piers, Pietro, and Boutros.
Marion
From Middle English Marion, from Old French Marion, a diminutive of Marie, used in England since the Middle Ages.
semble
From Middle English semblen, from Old French sembler (“to resemble”).
From Middle English semble, from Old French semble.
compressible
From Latin compressibilis. By surface analysis, compress + -ible.
horned
From Middle English horned, hornyd, from Old English hyrned, ġehyrned (“having horns; horned”),
from Proto-Germanic *hurnidaz (“horned”), past participle of Proto-Germanic *hurnijaną (“to horn; provide or fit with horns”); equivalent to horn (“noun”) + -ed. Cognate with Dutch gehoornd (“horned”),
German gehörnt (“horned”), Danish hornede (“horned”).
boule
From French boule. Doublet of bull (etymologies 2 and 4) and bulla, or of bowl and pulla, depending on the etymology of the French word.
Borrowed from Ancient Greek βουλή (boulḗ).
liquidity
From liquid + -ity, from Latin liquiditas. In their financial and economic senses, this and various associated terms all involve portraying assets figuratively as if they were liquids and solids, dissolving the solids with solvents, freezing and thawing, and so on.
chinook
Borrowed from Lower Chehalis c̓inúk (“the name of a Chinook village on the Columbia River”).
From Lower Chehalis c̓inúk (the name of a Chinook village on the Columbia river).
cirrus
Learned borrowing from Latin cirrus (“curl; fringe of clothes; mane (especially forelock) of a horse; etc”); further etymology unknown.
Sense 2 (“type of cloud”) was coined by the British chemist and amateur meteorologist Luke Howard (1772–1864): see the 1803 quotation.
The plural form cirri is also a learned borrowing from Latin cirrī, the nominative or vocative plural of cirrus.
ensi
Learned borrowing from Sumerian 𒉺𒋼𒋛 (ensi₂ /⁠ensik⁠/, “ruler”).
ophiolite
From Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis, “serpent”) + -lite.
beot
From Middle English beot (“boast, threat, boastful speech; boastfulness”), from Old English bēot; see below.
unreconciled
From Middle English unreconcyled; equivalent to un- + reconciled.
fayre
From Middle English fayr, feir, fager, from Old English fæġer.
From Old French foire, from Latin fēriae.
Eva
The (Vulgate) Latin Eva, from Ancient Greek Εὔα (Eúa), from Biblical Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwā). A Latinate variant of the English Eve.
FSLN
Borrowed from Spanish FSLN (“Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional”).
mahout
PIE word
 *méǵh₂s
The noun is borrowed from Hindustani (Hindi महौत (mahaut)/Urdu مَہَوت (mahaut)), महाउत (mahāut), variants of महावत (mahāvat)/مَہاوَت (mahāvat), from Sanskrit महामात्र (mahāmātra, “elephant keeper; high official; king’s minister”), from महा (mahā, “great”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”)) + मात्र (mātra, “measure; quantity”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
pedlar
From Middle English pedlare, variant of Middle English pedare. More at peddler.
amoroso
Borrowed from Italian amoroso. Doublet of amorous and amoureux.
Borrowed from Italian Amoroso.
foolishly
From Middle English folysly, folysschly; equivalent to foolish + -ly.
ransack
The verb is derived from Middle English ransaken (“to examine, investigate; to rob, plunder, steal; to search, seek; to treat roughly, mistreat”), from Old Norse rannsaka (“to search a house (especially for stolen goods)”), from rann (“house”) (from Proto-Germanic *razną (“dwelling, house”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to rest; quiet”)) + saka, an ablaut variant of sœkja, sǿkja (“to look for, search, seek”) (from Proto-Germanic *sōkijaną (“to look for, seek”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g- (“to follow; to seek out, trace”)).
Verb senses 1.2 (“to search (someone, or a place) thoroughly in order to steal something”), 1.3 (“to search for and steal (something) as plunder”), and 2.2 (“to search for and steal things”) are probably influenced by sack (“to pillage, to plunder”).
The noun is derived from the verb.
cognates
* Middle Low German rānsāken, rantsāken
* Old Danish randsage, ransage (modern Danish ransage)
* Old Swedish ransaka (modern Swedish rannsaka)
Audrey
From Middle English Aldreda, Etheldreda, from Old English Æþelþrȳþ (from æþele (“noble”) + þrȳþ (“strength”)).
ariki
Borrowed from Māori ariki, Proto-Polynesian *qariki.
Bartholomew
From Latin Bartholomaeus, from Ancient Greek Βαρθολομαῖος (Bartholomaîos), from Aramaic בר תלמי (bar tolmai, “son of Talmai; son of Ptolemy”), from בר (bar, “son”) and תלמי (tolmai, “Talmai; Ptolemy”). It has long been unclear whether the Apostle's father was named after the biblical Talmai, king of Geshur, or one of the Greek Ptolemies, as the two originally unrelated names were conflated in Jewish Aramaic.
The name's pronunciation was changed to match the spelling; contrast French Barthélemy from the same source.
breccia
Borrowed from Italian breccia, from French brèche, from Middle French breche, from Old French breche, from Vulgar Latin *breca, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *breka.
petticoat
From Middle English petticote, petycote, peticote, petite cote, equivalent to petty + coat.
attentively
From Middle English attentifly, attentifli, equivalent to attentive + -ly.
safe conduct
Attested as early as the 14th century in Robert of Gloucerster's chronicles written in Middle English; ultimately a calque of Old French sauf-conduit.
nitroso
Ultimately from Latin nitrōsus. Doublet of nitrous.
Saikat
Transliteration of Bengali সৈকত (śōikot, “seashore, sandbank”), from Sanskrit सैकत (saikata), from सिकता (sikatā, “gravel, sand”).
Sapan
From Hindi [Term?] (“dream”).
From Malay sepang.
scratch
From Middle English scracchen, of uncertain origin. Probably a blend of Middle English scratten (“to scratch”) and cracchen (“to scratch”). More at scrat and cratch.
haku
From Hawaiian haku (“to braid a lei”).
From Māori haku.
alarum
From Middle English alarom, from Old Italian all'arme (“to arms, to the weapons”), from Latin arma, armorum (“weapons”).
sewadar
From Punjabi ਸੇਵਾਦਾਰ (sevādār, “attendant, servant”).
blackness
Inherited from Middle English blaknesse, equivalent to black + -ness. Sense 5 most likely both originated from the masque The Masque of Blackness by Ben Jonson and later changed to its current positive sense.
Clemens
From Late Latin Clēmēns (genitive Clēmentis), name of early saints and popes, from clēmēns (“merciful”). Doublet of Clement and San Clemente.
odontalgia
From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὀδονταλγία (odontalgía, “toothache”). By surface analysis, odonto- + -algia.
tetrarch
Borrowed from Latin tetrarchēs, from Ancient Greek τετράρχης (tetrárkhēs), from τετρα- (tetra-, “four”) + -άρχης (-árkhēs, “ruler, leader”).
Laphroaig
From Goidelic/Scottish Gaelic; possibly from lag (“hollow”) + Old Norse breidd (“breadth”) + Old Norse vík (“bay”).
pinacol
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πῐ́νᾰξ (pĭ́năx)
German Ketonbor.
English ketone
English -one
English pinacone
Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor.
Aramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor.
Arabic كُحْل (kuḥl)
Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor.
Medieval Latin alcoholder.
Middle English alcofol
English alcohol
English -ol
English pinacol
From Ancient Greek πίναξ (pínax, “tablet”) + -ol. Actualized from pinacone.
coq
From French.
Clipping of Coquihalla, ultimately from Halkomelem Kwʼikwʼiyá:la.
earthy
From Middle English erthy, equivalent to earth + -y. Compare German erdig (“earthy”), Swedish jordig (“earthy”).
nobly
From Middle English nobeliche, nobely, nobilliche, nobilly, nobliche, noblike, nobly, noblye, equivalent to noble + -ly.
rightful
From Middle English rightful, ryghtfull, riȝtful, from Old English *rihtfull (suggested by derivative unrihtfull (“unrightful”)), equivalent to right + -ful.
rustling
From Middle English *rustlynge, rustland, from Old English hrīstlende, *hrȳstlende, present participle of Old English *hrȳstlan (“to rustle”), equivalent to rustle + -ing.
From Middle English rusteling, roustlyge, equivalent to rustle + -ing.
gurgle
Back formation from Middle English gurguling (“a rumbling in the belly”). Akin to Middle Dutch gorgelen (“to gurgle”), Middle Low German gorgelen (“to gurgle”), German gurgeln (“to gargle”), and perhaps to Latin gurguliō (“throat”).
sawyer
From Middle English sawyer, sawier, sawior, equivalent to saw + -yer. Doublet of sawer.
* As an English occupational surname, from sawyer (“one who saws”). Senses loaned from various languages include Jewish/German Seger and Sager, Slovene Žagar.
* As a French surname, variant of Seguin.
Wotan
Borrowed from German Wotan. Doublet of Woden and Odin.
spitchcock
The noun is derived from Middle English spiche-coke (“eel split lengthwise and broiled”). The further etymology is uncertain; the following possibilities have been suggested:
* From Middle English *speche, *spiche (“to split”) + cock, coken (“to allow (something) to cook; to cook”) (from cok (“person who cooks food, cook”), from Old English cōc (“a cook”)).
* From spik (“animal fat, especially lard”) (from Old English spiċ (“bacon; lard”)), spik, spike (“large nail; pointed stud”) (possibly from Old Norse spík, spíkr (“nail”)), or spit, spite (“rod for cooking meat, spit; pointed object”) (from Old English spitu, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point; stick”)) + cok (“male of the common domestic fowl, cock, rooster”) (from Old English coc, cocc).
The verb is probably derived from the noun.
joganosh
From Ojibwe zhaaganaash/ᔖᑲᓈᐦᔑᐝ (“white person”).
lordly
From Middle English lordly, lordlich, from Old English hlāfordlīċ (“lordly; heroic; noble”), equivalent to lord + -ly.
The adverb is from Middle English lordly, lordely, lordliche.
Qanungo
Transliteration of Punjabi ਕ਼ਾਨੂੰਗੋ (qānūṅgo) / قانُونگو (qānūngo), Urdu قَانُون گو (qānūn go) / Hindi क़ानूनगो (qānūngo), Sindhi قانُون گو (qānū̃ go) / क़ानूंगो / 𑊺𑋩𑋠𑋑𑋤𑋟𑊼𑋧 (qānūṅgo), Gujarati કાનૂગો (kānūgo), Marwari कानूंगौ (kānūṅgau) / 𑅕𑅧𑅒𑅧𑅗𑅒 (knungu), Maithili कानूनगो (kānūnᵊgō) / 𑒏𑒰𑒢𑒴𑒢𑒑𑒼 (kānūnagō), Odia କାନୁନ୍ଗୋ (kānungo), Bengali কানুনগো (kanungō), Assamese কাননগো (kanongü), from Classical Persian قانونگو (qānūn-go). This designation was used in South Asia for hereditary registrar of landed property in a subdivision of a district, meaning “an expounder of law”.
Underwood
The name is from England or Scotland, and from Middle English.
The surname is sometimes habitational, used by someone who lived in any of several places of the same name. Otherwise it is topographic, referring to someone who lived near a wood.
The common noun comes from the name of the manufacturer, after John T. Underwood, one of its founders.
gridiron
From Middle English gridirne, gredirne, gredyron, gredeyron, grydern, grydyryne, girdirin, girderen, variants of Middle English gredire, gredyre, itself an alteration of Middle English gridel (“griddle”). The ending was assimilated to iron, as if from grid + iron, whence grid was later derived.
psychopath
From German psychopathisch, from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”) + πάθος (páthos, “suffering”).
dahi
Borrowed from Hindustani دہی / दही (dahī), from Sanskrit दधि (dádhi). Doublet of tyre.
pau
From Hawaiian Pidgin English pau, from Hawaiian pau (“done, finished”).
Borrowed from Chinese 包.
phooey
Probably from Yiddish פֿוי (foy), from German pfui, influenced by phoo.
Piccadilly
From Pickadilly Hall, a house belonging to a tailor, Robert Baker, who specialized in a type of lace collar called a piccadill, possibly from conjectured Spanish *picadillo, from picado (“punctured, pierced”); compare 17th century Spanish picadura (“a similar lace collar”).
Piccadilly attested as the London street name from 1695^(see quote); previously the main portion of the street (west of Sackville Street) was called Portugal Street (1692), after Catherine of Braganza. Piccadilly attested of the location from 1663^(see quote), Peccadillo a.1641, Pecadilly Hall a.1640ⁱᵇⁱᵈ, Pickadilly Hall 1623. All other uses appear to be derived from the London location or street name.
aroha
From Māori aroha. Doublet of aloha and aropa.
Agatha
Borrowed from Latin Agatha, from Ancient Greek Ἀγαθή (Agathḗ), from Ancient Greek ἀγαθός (agathós, “good”).
Alexius
From Latin Alexius, from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξιος (Aléxios) or Ἄλεξις (Álexis, “helper, defender”).
Ambrose
From Latin saints' name Ambrosius, from Ancient Greek ἀμβρόσιος (ambrósios, “immortal, divine”). Compare Athanasius.
Apollonia
From Latin Apollōnia, from Ancient Greek Ἀπολλωνία (Apollōnía).
Augustine
From Latin Augustīnus, derivative of Augustus. Doublet of Austin.
From French Augustine, from Latin Augustīna. Doublet of Augustina.
coco-de-mer
Borrowed from French coco de mer (“nut of the sea”), because it was originally known only from its nuts found floating in the water.
swinge
From Middle English swengen (“to strike”), from Old English swenġan (“to dash, strike; to cause to swing”), from Proto-West Germanic *swangijan (“to cause to swing”).
straightness
From Middle English streightnes, equivalent to straight + -ness. Cognate with Scots strauchtness, straichtness (“straightness”).
almah
Ultimately from Arabic عَالِمَة (ʕālima, “singer”), originally a feminine adjective meaning ‘learned, knowledgeable’, from عَلِمَ (ʕalima, “to know”).
chiliagon
From Ancient Greek χιλιάγωνος (khiliágōnos), from χίλιοι (khílioi, “thousand”) + γωνία (gōnía, “angle”). Equivalent to chilia- + -gon.
raki
From Ottoman Turkish راقی (rakı), from Arabic عَرَقِيّ (ʕaraqiyy, “of liquor”), from عَرَق (ʕaraq, “arrack, arak”), literally, “sweat”, “condensate,” which refers to an ouzo-like liqueur made of raisins. Doublet of rakija.
daub
From Middle English daub (noun), from Middle English dauben (“to plaster or whitewash; cover with clay; bespatter”, verb), from Old Northern French dauber (“to whitewash; plaster”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Latin dealbāre (“to whiten thoroughly”), which would make it a doublet of dealbate.
* As a German and Jewish surname, variant of Taube, occupational surname from the noun meaning "pigeon, dove."
* As a south German surname, from the adjective taub (“deaf”).
recklessness
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *rōkijaną
Proto-West Germanic *rōkijan
Old English rēċan
Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-der.
Proto-Germanic *leusaną
Proto-Germanic *lausaz
Proto-Germanic *-lausaz
Proto-West Germanic *-laus
Old English -lēas
Old English rēċelēas
Proto-Germanic *-in-
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ti
Proto-Germanic *-ōną
Proto-Germanic *-inōną
Proto-Indo-European *-dyé-
Proto-Germanic *-atjaną
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Proto-Germanic *-þuz
Proto-Germanic *-assuz
Proto-Germanic *-inassuz
Proto-West Germanic *-nassī
Old English -nes
Old English rēċelēasnes
Middle English reklesnes
English recklessness
From Middle English reklesnes, reklesnesse, rekelesnesse (also assibilated as rechelesnes, reccheleesnesse), from Old English rēcelēasnes (“recklessness, carelessness, negligence”), equivalent to reckless + -ness.
roughness
Inherited from Middle English roughnes /roughnesse. By surface analysis, rough + -ness. Compare Old English hrēohnes (“roughness”).
misdeed
From Middle English misdede, from Old English misdǣd (“misdeed”), from Proto-West Germanic *missadādi, from Proto-Germanic *missadēdiz (“misdeed”); equivalent to mis- + deed. Cognate with Scots misded (“misdeed”), West Frisian misdied (“misdeed”), Dutch misdaad (“misdeed”), German Missetat (“misdeed”), Swedish missdåd (“misdeed”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌸𐍃 (missadēþs, “misdeed”).
chilled
From Middle English chilled, chylled, equivalent to chill + -ed.