MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
audio-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewisder.
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Italic *awizdjō
Latin audi(ō)
Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der.
Latin -o-bor.
English -o-
English audio-
From the root audi of Latin audiō (“to hear; to listen”) + -o-.
Cognates include Proto-Germanic *awiz (“obvious”), Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “manifestly, evidently”) and Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “perceive, notice”) whence English aesthetic.
exacta
Unadapted borrowing from Latin exactus (literally “precise, acccurate”).
pyroptosis
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire; fever”) + πτῶσῐς (ptôsĭs, “falling”), by analogy with apoptosis. Equivalent to pyro- + ptosis. Coined by Brad T. Cookson and Molly A. Brennan in a 2001 paper in Trends in Microbiology.
collotype
From Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) + -type.
dysmorphia
From Ancient Greek δυσμορφίᾱ (dusmorphíā, “misshapenness, ugliness”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad, mal-”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, form”) + -ίᾱ (-íā). Note that sense 2 is a semantic extension from "physical deformity" to a disorder of the perception of one’s bodily form. By surface analysis, dys- + -morph + -ia.
unlaboured
From Middle English unlabouryd, unlabored; equivalent to un- + laboured.
enantiodromia
From enantio- + + Ancient Greek δρόμος (drómos, “running”) + -ic.
podagra
Ultimately from Ancient Greek ποδάγρα (podágra, “foot trap; podagra”).
compendiate
Borrowed from Late Latin compendiātus, perfect passive participle of compendiō (“to shorten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from compendium.
Vashti
Borrowed from Hebrew וַשְׁתִּי (vaštī).
boutade
Borrowed from French boutade, from bouter (“to thrust”). See butt.
maegth
Learned borrowing from Old English mǣġþ (“family group, clan, tribe, generation, stock, race, people”).
maenad
From Latin Maenad- (“frenzied female follower of Bacchus”), root of Maenās, from Ancient Greek μαινάς (mainás, “raving, frantic”), from μαίνομαι (maínomai, “to be mad, to rage”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to mind; to think; spiritual activity”).
mafeesh
From Egyptian Arabic مـَفيش (māfīš), eventually from ما (ma, mā, “not”) + فيه (fī, “there is”) + ـش (-š, negation ending).
Borrowed into English by travelers and the British military.
annullation
From Middle French annullation (modern French annulation). Compare Middle English adnullacion, adnullation. By surface analysis, annul + -ation. Doublet of annulation.
portafilter
Blend of portable + filter, or possibly incompletely calqued from Italian portafiltro "filter-carrier".
Dachshunde
From German Dachshunde.
(plural): From German Dachshunde, plural of Dachshund.
mafufunyana
Borrowed from Zulu amafufunyane, amafufunyana.
Magar
From Nepali मगर (magar), from the name in Eastern Magar.
Sino-Tibetan
In the linguistic sense, a calque of French sino-tibétain, coined in 1924 by Jean Przyluski. Przyluski and Gordon Luce then introduced the English equivalent Sino-Tibetan in 1931.
Frisia
From Latin Frisia, from Frisii (“Frisians”). Mostly displaced native English Frise.
huipil
From Spanish huipil, from Classical Nahuatl huīpīlli (“woman's blouse”).
Lampedusa
From Italian Lampedusa, from Latin Lopadusa, from Ancient Greek Λοπαδοῦσσα (Lopadoûssa). Compare Sicilian Lampidusa.
pomerium
From Latin pōmoerium, pōmērium (“the religious boundary of a city”), either from post (“behind”) + moerus, mūrus (“wall”) + -ium (neuter form of -ius (adjective-forming suffix)), or derived from an Etruscan word.
jau gok
From Cantonese 油角 (jau4 gok3).
red envelope
From red + envelope, a calque of Chinese 紅包 /红包.
yester
From Middle English yester, yister, from Old English ġeostran (“yesterday”). Cognate with Dutch gisteren (“yesterday”), German gestern (“yesterday”). More at yesterday.
Abitibi
From Algonquin abi'ta-bi-g (“halfway across water”), from abi'ta (“halfway”) + bi (“water”).
eburnation
From Latin eburnus (“of ivory”), from ebur (“ivory”). By surface analysis, eburnate + -ion.
mokele-mbembe
From Lingala mokɛle-mbɛmbe, possibly meaning "one who stops the flow of rivers", or "rainbow".
pataka
Borrowed from Māori pātaka.
Borrowed from Hindi पटाका (paṭākā), पटाखा (paṭākhā).
hamachi
From Japanese ハマチ (hamachi).
From Japanese ハマチ (hamachi). Borrowed from Japanese 濱地.
Borrowed from Arabic هَامَاتْشِي (hāmātšī).
skookum
First attested in 1825–35. Borrowed from Chinook Jargon, from Lower Chehalis.
Medvedev
Borrowed from Russian Медве́дев (Medvédev).
thieboudienne
From French thiéboudiène, a transcription of Wolof ceebu jën.
hominoid
From Latin homin- + -oid, after scientific Latin Hominoidea (superfamily name).
sofer
Borrowed from Hebrew סופר (sofér).
Borrowed from Hebrew סופר (sofér, “scribe”).
double-u
Inherited from Middle English doble W, in reference to the letter's origins as a ligature of two Us or Vs (V originally being a typographical variant of U).
The failure of the sequence /bljuː/ to simplify in this word's bisyllabic pronunciation (as in blue) is doubtlessly due to the letter U's name. For colloquial pronunciations without /l/, compare Straya.
ablastin
From Ancient Greek ἄβλαστος (áblastos, “not germinating”) + English -in (“enzyme”).
spooky action at a distance
Calque of German spukhafte Fernwirkung. Coined by Albert Einstein in a letter to Max Born on March 3, 1947 to express his skepticism about quantum mechanics, where two particles may interact instantaneously over a distance.
moabi
Borrowed from a Gabonese or Congolese Bantu language: compare Sira moabi, Barama moabi, Vumbu moabi, Punu moabi, Lumbu moabi, Sangu (Gabon) moabi, Ngubi moabi, Duma muyabi, Ibhili muyavi, Njebi muyèbi, moyabi, muyabi, Vili moabi, Yombe moabi, Yaa moyabi, muyabi, Teke-Laali moyabi, muyabi).
octroi
Borrowed from French octroi, from Middle French octroy, alteration of Old French otroi, from otroier (“to grant”), from Late Latin auctōrizāre.
prytaneum
Borrowed from Latin prytanēum, from Ancient Greek πρυτανεῖον (prutaneîon, “town hall”).
By surface analysis, prytanis + -eum.
symplectic
A calque of complex, coined by Hermann Weyl in his 1939 book The Classical Groups: Their Invariants and Representations. From Ancient Greek συμπλεκτικός (sumplektikós), from συμ (sum) (variant of σύν (sún)), + πλεκτικός (plektikós) (from πλέκω (plékō)); modelled on complex (from Latin complexus (“braided together”), from com- (“together”) + plectere (“to weave, braid”)).
The symplectic group has previously been called the line complex group.
Anatoli
Transliteration of Russian Анато́лий (Anatólij), from Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ, “sunrise”). Cognate with English Anatole and Latin Anatolius.
Kirill
From Russian Кири́лл (Kiríll), from Ancient Greek Κύριλλος (Kúrillos). Doublet of Cyril.
Suzhou
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 蘇州 /苏州 (Sūzhōu).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 宿州 (Sùzhōu).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 肅州 /肃州 (Sùzhōu).
amblyope
From Ancient Greek ἀμβλυωπός (ambluōpós). By surface analysis, ambly- + -ope.
zonula
Borrowed from Latin zōnula (“small belt or girdle”). Doublet of zonule.
zoophorus
Learned borrowing from Latin zōophorus, from Ancient Greek ζωοφόρος (zōophóros).
fise
From Middle English fise, fyse, from Old Norse físa (“to break wind”) (whence also Danish fise), from Proto-Germanic *fīsaną (“to break wind”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peys- (“to blow, breathe”). More at fist.
contrarious
From contrary + -ous, from Middle English contrarious, from Old French contrarious, from Late Latin contrāriōsus.
Golden Week
(Asian holidays): Borrowed from Japanese ゴールデンウィーク (Gōruden Wīku), equivalent to golden + week.
Damasco
Borrowed from Italian or Spanish Damasco; this surname is predominantly found in the Philippines.
Yelena
From Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Russian Еле́на (Jeléna), from Latin Helena, from Ancient Greek Ἑλένη (Helénē). Doublet of Helena.
crame
From Scots crame, craim, from Middle Dutch kraeme or Middle Low German krame; both from Old High German krām (“merchant tent; tent cloth”), probably ultimately borrowed from Slavic, such as Old Church Slavonic грамъ (gramŭ, “pub, inn”) or чрѣмъ (črěmŭ, “tent”).
Compare West Frisian kream, Dutch kraam, German Low German Kraam, German Kram, Yiddish קראָם (krom), Swedish kram, Icelandic kram.
cleistothecium
From Ancient Greek κλειστός (kleistós, “closed”) + thecium.
crusta
Borrowed from Latin crusta (“shell, crust, inlaid work”). Doublet of crust.
Krasnodar
Borrowed from Russian Краснода́р (Krasnodár).
Belgorod
From Russian Бе́лгород (Bélgorod, literally “white city”), from бе́лый (bélyj, “white, light”) + го́род (górod, “town, city”). Doublet of Belgrade, Beograd, and Berat.
capicola
From Italian capocollo or capicollo, from capo (“head”) + collo (“neck”), with pronunciation likely influenced by Neapolitan. Doublet of gabagool.
foretop
From Middle English fore-top, for-top, equivalent to fore- + top.
gutta
From Middle English gutta, from Latin gutta. Doublet of gout and goutte.
paillard
Borrowed from French paillard in the 1970s, from the name of a restaurant in Paris, from its proprietor's surname, Paillard.
From Middle English, from Middle French palliard, see palliard.
cynomolgus
From Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn, “dog”) + ἀμέλγω (amélgō, “to milk”). Apparently from a word coined by Aristophanes of Byzantium for a race of humans with long hair and beards who hunted with dogs and, according to Aristophanes, milked them. (See Crab-eating macaque on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
halsen
From Middle English halsnen; equivalent to halse (“to salute, beseech”) + -en. Related to Middle High German heilsen (“to predict”); more at halse.
Nizhny Novgorod
Borrowed from Russian Ни́жний Но́вгород (Nížnij Nóvgorod, literally “lower Newtown”).
kyle
From Scottish Gaelic caol (“narrow; thin; firth, narrows, strait, kyle; narrow part of something”) (genitive singular form caoil), from Old Irish coíl (“narrow, slender”), from Proto-Celtic *koilos (“thin”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to dissect; to split”).
unbusy
From Middle English unbysy, unbesy, equivalent to un- + busy.
Reggio Calabria
From Italian Reggio Calabria, from the earlier Old Italian Reggio, from Late Latin Rēgium, Latin Rhēgium, from Ancient Greek Ῥήγιον (Rhḗgion). The city became known as Reggio Calabria after the unification of Italy.
discommodate
From Latin discommodatus, past participle of discommodare, from dis- + commodare (“to make fit, help”).
fugacious
Borrowed from Latin fugācius, comparative of fugāciter (“evasively, fleetingly”), from fugāx (“transitory, fleeting”), from fugiō (“to flee”).
rugelach
From Yiddish ראָגאַל (rogal) with plural suffix ־לעך (-lekh), from Polish rogal (“crescent roll”).
kenophobia
From Ancient Greek κενός (kenós, “empty”) + -phobia.
ex nihilo
Learned borrowing from Latin (creātiō) ex nihilō (“(creation) out of nothing”).
schlubby
From schlub + -y; schlub is derived from Yiddish זשלאָב (zhlob), perhaps from Polish żłób (“manger, trough; furrow, large groove in the soil”).
pothos
From translingual Pothos, the genus name. The similarity to Ancient Greek Πόθος (Póthos), the name of one of Aphrodite's erotes who was said to carry a vine (from πόθος (póthos, “yearning, desire”)) is noted; however, other references give the origin as Sinhalese පෝටා වැල් (pōṭā wæl).
dishdasha
From Arabic دِشْدَاشَة (dišdāša).
domoic
Borrowed from Japanese ドウモイ (“a red alga”) + -ic.
domoic acid
From Tokunoshima ドウモイ (dōmoi), a type of red algae.
Anatolius
From Latin Anatolius, from Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ, “sunrise”). Name of early saints in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Anatole
From French Anatole, from Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ, “sunrise”). Cognate with Latin Anatolius.
Euphemia
Name of an early Christian martyr, from Ancient Greek Εὐφημία (Euphēmía), from εὐ- (eu-, “good”) + φήμη (phḗmē, “repute”) + -ίᾱ (-íā).
Ezekias
From Ancient Greek Ἐζεκίας (Ezekías).
thrombopoietin
From Ancient Greek θρόμβος (thrómbos, “lump, piece, blood clot, milk curd”) and ποιητής (poiētḗs, “creator, maker”) and -in.
ephebophile
From Ancient Greek ἔφηβος (éphēbos, “adolescent”) + -phile.
moser
Borrowed from Hebrew מוֹסֵר (mosér)
Borrowed from German Moser.
demosponge
From Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos, “common people”) + sponge, a partial calque of translingual Demospongiae.
furo
Borrowed from Japanese 風呂(ふろ) (furo).
Visigoth
Borrowed from Late Latin Visigothus, from Gothic. According to Mallory & Adams, possibly a tribal name derived from Proto-Germanic *wesuz (reflected in personal names such as Old High German *wisu), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus (“good, excellent”). If so, related to Proto-Celtic *wesus (found in personal names), the Italic goddess Vesuna, and Sanskrit वसु (vasu, “good, excellent”).
The term was coined by Cassiodorus under the misapprehension that it meant "west Goths".
Lebensraum
Unadapted borrowing from German Lebensraum (literally “living space”).
chronometric
From chrono- + -metric on the model of chronometer, ultimately from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”) and μέτρον (métron, “meter, measuring device”).
revanchism
From the French revanche (“revenge”) + -ism, based on revanchisme. By surface analysis, revanche + -ism. Piecewise doublet of revengism.
barometz
Possibly a corruption of Russian баране́ц (baranéc, “species of club moss (genus Lycopodium)”, from бара́н (barán, “ram (male sheep)”) + -ец (-ec, diminutive suffix)).
habitacle
From Middle English habitacle, from Middle French habitacle, from Latin habitāculum (“dwelling place”). See binnacle, habit (verb), inhabit.
Finlandization
From Finland + -ization, translating German Finnlandisierung, referring to the political climate in Finland during the cold war in the view of a 1960s and 1970s West-German debate.
armill
From Middle French armille, from Latin armilla (“bracelet”). Doublet of armilla.
arrearage
From Middle English arrerage, from Old French arierage (“detriment, legal prejudice”).
basmati
From Hindi बासमती (bāsmatī, literally “fragrant”).
Babilonia
Borrowed from Spanish Babilonia; this surname is predominantly found in Colombia.
break loose
From Middle English breken los, breken lous, breken lowse, equivalent to break + loose.
Ol Chiki
From Santali ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ôl ciki).
narratrix
Learned borrowing from Latin narrātrīx. By surface analysis, narrate + -trix.
Euclid
From Ancient Greek Εὐκλείδης (Eukleídēs).
agnosis
Derived from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “without, lacking”) + γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”), literally, “lacking knowledge”.
mustest
From Middle English mostest, mustest, from Old English mōstest; equivalent to must + -est.
skete
From ecclesiastical (medieval) Ancient Greek σκήτη (skḗtē), which is either from a place name in Egypt Σκήτις, Coptic Ϣⲓϩⲏⲧ (Šihēt), or via aphesis from ἀσκητής (askētḗs, “ascetic; monk, hermit”).
dodecathlon
Seemingly from Ancient Greek δωδέκαθλος (dōdékathlos, “twelve labors”), referring to the twelve labors of Hercules.
mollymawk
Ultimately from Dutch mallemok (from malle (“foolish”)), probably influenced by German Mallemucke. Compare Japanese 信天翁(あほうどり) (ahōdori, “albatross, foolish bird”).
ephedra
From Ancient Greek ἐφέδρα (ephédra, “sitting upon”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”).
wagyu
From Japanese 和(わ)牛(ぎゅう) (wagyū), from Middle Chinese 和 (MC hwa, “a gloss for 倭 (MC 'wa, “Japan”)”) + 牛 (MC ngjuw, “cow”).
glore
From Middle English gloren, (compare Middle English glaren (“to glare, stare, shine”)), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old English *glārian, from Proto-West Germanic *glāʀōn (“to shine”). Compare Scots glore (“to stare”), West Frisian gloarje, Dutch gloren, German Low German gloren (“to glimmer; flicker”), Swedish glora, Norwegian Bokmål glore, Norwegian Nynorsk glora. Related to glare.
Pharsalus
Via Latin Pharsalus, from Ancient Greek Φάρσαλος (Phársalos)
abstractum
Borrowed from Latin abstractum, neuter of abstractus (“drawn away”). Doublet of abstract.
tapenade
Borrowed from French tapenade, from Provençal and Occitan tapenada, tapenado, a diminutive of tapeno (“caper”), variant of tàpero, from Old Occitan tapera, from Latin capparis (“caper”).
Influenced by Old Occitan tapia (“rammed earth”), referring to caper bushes growing against buildings made of rammed earth.
mycoplasma
From translingual Mycoplasma, from Latin, from Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “fungus”) + πλάσμα (plásma, “-shaped”). Equivalent to myco- + plasma.
sittella
From New Latin (genus name), diminutive of Latin sitta (“nuthatch”).
Cass
* As an English surname, from a pet form of Cassandra.
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Cais (“descendant of the curly-haired one”), from cas (“curly”).
From Middle English cassen, from Old French casser, from Late Latin cassō, from Latin cassus (“empty, hollow”), and perhaps influenced by quassō (“to shake, shatter”).
tumpline
From tump + line, "tump" is an apheresis of mattump, metump, possibly from a Penobscot descendant of Proto-Algonquian *wetempi (“head”).
altitudinous
From Latin altitūdin- + -ous, from oblique stem of Latin altitūdō, from altus + -tūdō. By surface analysis, altitude + -ous.
Gervase
Name of an early saint, Latin Gervasius, of unknown meaning, possibly Latinized from some Germanic name: Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (“spear”), second element of uncertain meaning, possibly vallis (“valley”), Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”), or the Brythonic name for the river Isara.
Gervais
Borrowed from French Gervais, from Latin Gervasius.
Our Lady of Sorrows
Calque of Latin Māter Dolōrōsa (“Sorrowful Mother”) under influence from Domina Nostra (“Our Lady”) and their descendants in other languages.
ranchera
Borrowed from Spanish ranchera (in Spanish the ending "a" usually is for feminine terms, like in this case, because originally is an adjective for música and/or canción, which are feminine nouns).
pelite
From German Pelit, corresponding to Ancient Greek πηλός (pēlós, “mud, clay”) + -ite.
asyndeton
From Latin asyndeton, from Ancient Greek ἀσύνδετον (asúndeton), from ἀ- (a-, “a-, un-, non-”) and the neuter substantive of σῠ́νδετος (sŭ́ndetos, “bound, joined”), from συνδεῖν (sundeîn, “to join, to bind”), from σῠν- (sŭn-, “together”) + δεῖν (deîn, “to bind, to tie”). Equivalent to a- + syndeton.
multiflora
From the New Latin multiflora (species epithet, literally “having many flowers”).
parapegma
From Latin parapegma, from Ancient Greek παράπηγμα (parápēgma, “something fixed on or hung up”) .
enoki
A shortening of enokitake, from Japanese 榎茸 (enokitake). Compare enoki mushroom, which is an partial calque of the Japanese.
Norrland
Borrowed from Swedish Norrland (“Northland”). Doublet of Norland.
Seljuk
From Ottoman Turkish سلجوق (selcuk), ultimately from Old Anatolian Turkish سلجك (sälcük) attested in the Dede Korkut and Karakhanid سلجك (Selcuk) attested in Mahmud al-Kashgari's Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, of uncertain etymology. Compare modern Turkish Selçuk.
Pelliot & al. favored derivation via Arabic سَلْجُوق (Saljūq) from Proto-Oghuz [Term?] (*Sälčük), following some accounts taking the name from Proto-Turkic *sāl (“raft”) + *-čük (“-ock, -let: forming diminutives”) from the warlord's supposed birth on a raft on the Syr Darya. There are other early Persian and Arabic transcriptions, however, including سلجوك (Saljūk), سلچوق (Salčūq), and سلجق (Saljuq). Some sources take the original form of the name to have been *Salçuğ or *Salçığ with the meaning "one who fights", "disputes", or "struggles". Some arguing for an original pronunciation of [Term?] (*Selčük) or [Term?] (*Selčuk) would derive it from an early borrowing of Persian سیل (seyl, “flood”) + *-čük (“-ock, -let: forming diminutives”); others from *Sel as an earlier name of the Muztagh Ata in the Eastern Pamirs. Caferoğlu and Gedikli argue for derivation from a modified borrowing of Old Uyghur clean, pure (sil) + Proto-Turkic *-čük.
coteau
From French coteau, from Old French costel, from Latin costa (“rib, side”).
manakin
Generally thought to derive, like manikin, from Middle Dutch mannekijn. Compare French manakin, German Manakin. Doublet of manikin and mannequin.
chimichurri
Borrowed from Spanish chimichurri, from Basque tximitxurri (literally “a mixture of several things in no particular order”), from Basque immigrants to Argentina and Uruguay in the 19th century. Many folk etymologies also exist.
spaetzle
From German Spätzle, from Swabian Spätzle (compare Alemannic German Spätzli).
chaetognath
From Ancient Greek χαίτη (khaítē, “flowing hair”) + γνάθος (gnáthos, “jaw”). By surface analysis, chaeto- + -gnath (compare -gnathous).
bandish
Borrowed from Hindi बंदिश (bandiś, “binding”) from Classical Persian بندش (bandiš, “binding”).
milonga
Borrowed from Spanish milonga, in turn from Brazilian Portuguese milonga (“chant”). Theories connect the word to the nineteenth century slave trade between South America and Africa. The ultimate source is unknown, but may relate to Kimbundu mulonga (“word”), or Kongo nlonga or Punu mulonga (“line, row”) in reference to dancers.
Caddo
Clipping of French Kadohadacho, from Caddo kadawdáachuh.
apiarian
First attested as an adjective in 1801 and as a noun in 1858; formed by suffixing either English apiary or its etymon, Latin apiārium, with English -an.
Cantab
Clipping of Cantabrigian, from Latin Cantabrigia (“Cambridge”).
Alutiiq
From Russian алеу́ты (aleúty, “Aleuts”), from Aleut allíthuh (“community”).
editrix
Learned borrowing from Latin ēditrīx. By surface analysis, edit + -trix.
Chelyabinsk
From Russian Челя́бинск (Čeljábinsk).
chaddi
Borrowed from Hindi चड्डी (caḍḍī). The usage for members of the RSS is derived from the khaki shorts in their uniforms.
losable
From Middle English losable, from losen + -able, By surface analysis, lose + able.
sluff
From Middle English slough (“skin, husk, rind; cocoon; scales; cyst”), akin to Middle High German slûch (“slough”) (whence German Schlauch (“tube, hose”)).
meron
Back-formation from epimeron, ultimately from Ancient Greek μῆρος (mêros, “thigh”).
outermore
From Middle English uttermore, outermere, ottermore, uttermor, equivalent to outer + -more. Doublet of uttermore.
Kursk
Borrowed from Russian Курск (Kursk), referring to the Kur River.
mille-feuille
Unadapted borrowing from French mille-feuille (literally “a thousand sheets”). Doublet of milfoil. Compare Spanish milhojas.
Khabarovsk
Borrowed from Russian Хаба́ровск (Xabárovsk).
takfiri
From Arabic تَكْفِيرِيّ (takfīriyy).
songcraft
From song + -craft, sometimes after Old English sangcræft (“singing, poetry; music”).
seitan
Romaji of the Japanese セイタン which was coined by philosopher George Ohsawa in 1961. Ohsawa also occasionally used the kanji term 生蛋 from 生 (“fresh; raw”) and 蛋, the first character in 蛋白 (tanpaku, “protein”).
In Japan, wheat gluten itself is usually referred to as 麩 (fu, “wheat bran, gluten”), while seitan in particular is generally written in katakana as セイタン. Another common term for this is グルテンミート (“gluten meat”).
tokening
From Middle English tokenyng, *taknand, from Old English tācniende, from Proto-Germanic *taiknōndz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *taiknōną (“to mark, denote, indicate”), equivalent to token + -ing.
From Middle English tokning, takning, from Old English tācnung (“signification, indication, sign, characteristic mark, symptom”), equivalent to token + -ing.
agra
From Irish a (vocative particle) + lenited form of grá (“love”).
Borrowed from Hindustani आगरा (āgrā) / آگرا (āgrā), ultimately from Sanskrit अग्रेवण (agrevaṇa, “forest border”), from अग्र (agra, “border, in front of”) + वन (vana, “forest”).
magiric
From Ancient Greek μαγειρικός (mageirikós, “culinary”), from μάγειρος (mágeiros, “a cook”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic: forming adjectives”).
magirist
From Ancient Greek μάγειρος (mágeiros, “a cook”) + -ist (suffix forming agent nouns).
magirology
From Ancient Greek μάγειρος (mágeiros, “a cook”) + -logy (“science of, study of”).
smatch
From Middle English smacchen, smecchen (“to taste”), from Old English smæċċan (“to taste”), from Proto-West Germanic *smakkijan (“to taste”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *smeh₂g- (“to taste”). Cognate with West Frisian smeitse, smeitsje (“to taste”), Dutch smaken (“to taste”), German schmecken (“to taste”), Danish smage (“to taste”), Norwegian smake (“to taste”),
Norwegian smak (“a taste”),
Lithuanian smagù (“cheerful, enjoyable, pleasant”).
bonheur du jour
Borrowed from French bonheur-du-jour (literally “daytime delight”), conjectured to be from its sudden rise in popularity.