MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
prong
From Middle English pronge, perhaps from Middle Low German prange (“stick, restraining device”), from prangen (“to press, pinch”), from Old Saxon *prangan, from Proto-West Germanic *prangan, from Proto-Germanic *pranganą (“to press”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)preng- (“to wrap up, constrict”).
Akin to Lithuanian spriñgti (“to choke, become choked or obstructed”), Latvian sprañgât (“cord, constrict”), Ancient Greek σπαργανόω (sparganóō, “to swaddle”), σπάργανον (spárganon, “swaddling cloth”). See also prank, prance, prink.
engross
From Middle English engrossen, from Anglo-Norman engrosser (“to gather in large quantities, draft something in final form”); partly from the phrase en gros (“in bulk, in quantity, at wholesale”), from en- + gros; and partly from Medieval Latin ingrossō (“thicken, write something large and in bold lettering”, v.), from in- + grossus (“great, big, thick”), from Old High German grōz (“big, thick, coarse”), from Proto-West Germanic *graut, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“large, great, thick, coarse grained, unrefined”), from Proto-Indo-European *ghrewə- (“to fell, put down, fall in”). More at in-, gross. By surface analysis, en- + gross.
review
From Middle English revewe, reveue, from Old French reveüe, revue (Modern French: revue), feminine form of reveü, past participle of reveoir (French: revoir), from Latin revideō, from re- +videō (“see, observe”) (English: video). Equivalent to re- + view. Compare retrospect. Doublet of revue.
adnate
From Latin adnatus, past participle of variant form of agnascor (“born or growing at or upon”).
obesity
From French obésité, from Latin obēsitās, from obēsus (“fat”). By surface analysis, obese + -ity.
attitude
From French attitude, from Italian attitudine (“attitude, aptness”), from Medieval Latin aptitūdō (“aptitude”) and actitūdō (“acting, posture”), from Latin aptō and actitō. Doublet of aptitude.
horizon
Inherited from Middle English orisonte, orisoun, from Middle French horizon, horizonte, from Old French orisonte, orison, via Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”).
cosmetic
From French cosmétique, from Ancient Greek κοσμητική (kosmētikḗ, “the art of dress and ornament”), κοσμητικός (kosmētikós), from κοσμητής (kosmētḗs, “orderer, director, decorator”), from κοσμέω (kosméō, “to order, to arrange, to rule, to adorn, to equip, to dress, to embellish”), from κόσμος (kósmos, “order”). By surface analysis, cosmos + -etic.
lintel
From Middle English lyntel, from Old French lintel, from Vulgar Latin *līntellus, for *līmitellus, diminutive noun from līmes. Equivalent to limit + -el.
acrostic
Borrowed from Middle French acrostiche, acrostique (“acrostic”) (modern French acrostiche), and its etymon Late Latin acrostichis, from Ancient Greek ἀκροστιχίς (akrostikhís), from ἄκρο- (ákro-, prefix indicating, among other things, the extremity or tip of something) + στῐ́χος (stĭ́khos, “row or file of soldiers; line of poetry, verse”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ- (“to climb, go”)).
catastrophe
From Ancient Greek καταστροφή (katastrophḗ), from καταστρέφω (katastréphō, “to overturn”), from κατά (katá, “down, against”) + στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn”).
illegitimate
First attested in 1536, from Latin illēgitimus, most likely an adapted borrowing of Middle French illegitime, equivalent to il- + legitimate, see -ate (etymology 1, 2 and 3).
pixie
Uncertain; 17thC, originally in the folklore of southwest England; perhaps diminutive of Swedish pysk (“fairy”); perhaps Puck + -sy; see Wikipedia.
Cyril
Via Late Latin Cȳrillus, from Ancient Greek Κύριλλος (Kúrillos), from κύριος (kúrios, “lord, master”).
householder
From Middle English housholdere, equivalent to household + -er. The Buddhist sense is a semantic loan from Pali gahapati (literally “house-master”).
newcomer
From Middle English newe-comere, equivalent to new- + comer. Compare Old English nīwcumen (“new comer, neophyte, novice”).
sloth
From Middle English slouthe, slewthe (“laziness”), from Old English slǣwþ (“sloth, indolence, laziness, inertness, torpor”), from Proto-West Germanic *slaiwiþu, from Proto-Germanic *slaiwiþō (“slowness, lateness”), equivalent to slow + -th (abstract nominal suffix). Cognate with Scots sleuth (“sloth, slowness”).
sitar
From Hindi सितार (sitār) / Urdu ستار (sitār), from Classical Persian سهتار (si-tār, literally “three strings”). Doublet of setar.
Borrowed from Slovene Sitar, Czech Sitař and Slovak Sitár, occupational surname from síto (“sieve, net”).
maga
Borrowed from Spanish maga.
Borrowed from Hebrew מַגָּע (maga, “contact”).
artisan
From Middle French artisan, from Vulgar Latin *artītiānus, from Latin artītus (“skilled”), past participle of artiō (“to instruct in arts”), from ars (“art, skill”).
geographic
From Latin geōgraphicus; see French géographique. By surface analysis, geography + -ic.
soot
Inherited from Middle English soot, soote, sote, sot, from Old English sōt, from Proto-Germanic *sōtą (“soot”), from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with dated Dutch zoet (“soot”), German Low German Soot (“soot”), Danish sod (“soot”), Swedish sot (“soot”), Icelandic sót (“soot”). Compare similar ō-grade formation the same Proto-Indo-European root in Old Irish suide (“soot”) and Balto-Slavic: Lithuanian súodžiai (“soot”), and Proto-Slavic *saďa (“soot”) (Russian са́жа (sáža), Polish and Slovak sadza, Bulgarian са́жда (sážda)).
crumple
From Middle English crumplen, cromplen, frequentative of Middle English crumpen (“to curl up, crump”), from Old English crump (“bent, crooked”). Equivalent to crump + -le.
fierce
From Middle English fers, fiers, borrowed from Old French fers (“wild", "ferocious”), nominative of fer, from Latin ferus (“wild", "untamed”).
demeanor
From Middle English demenure, from the verb Middle English demenen, demeinen (“to handle, manage”), from Old French demener (“to guide, conduct”), from de- + mener (“to conduct, lead”), from Latin *mināre (“to drive”) and minor (“to project or jut forth”).
portable
From Middle English portable, from Middle French portable and Latin portābilis. By surface analysis, port (“to carry”) + -able.
bosh
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بوش (boş, “empty, unoccupied”). Entered popular usage in English from the novels of James Justinian Morier.
Akela
Borrowed from Hindustani اَکیلَا (akelā) / अकेला (akelā, “alone”).
Birmingham
From Middle English, 1086, from Old English *Beormingahām, from Beornmund + ing + hām, "home of Beorma;" first element of uncertain origin but possibly from beorma (“yeast”). More at Beorma.
borough
From Middle English borwe, borgh, burgh, buruh, from Old English burh, burg, from Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold, city”).
Cognate with Dutch burcht, German Burg, Danish borg, Swedish borg, French bourg, Turkish burç. Doublet of Brough, burgh, and Bury.
nemesis
From the Greek goddess of retribution Nemesis (Ancient Greek Νέμεσις (Némesis)).
From Ancient Greek Νέμεσις (Némesis, “Nemesis, goddess of retribution”).
Southwark
From Middle English Southwerk, from Old English Sūþġeweorc.
Casey
Anglicisation of an Irish surname Ó Cathasaigh (literally “descendant of (a person named) Watchful”).
stall
From Middle English stall, stalle, from Old English steall (“standing place, position”), from Proto-Germanic *stallaz, from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to place, put, post, stand”). Cognate with French étal, Italian stallo, German Stall, Swedish stall.
From Middle English stallen (“to abide, dwell, place in a location, stop, come to a standstill”), partly from Old French estaler, ultimately from the same origin as Etymology 1 (see above); and partly from Middle English stalle (“fixed position, stall”).
hunger
From Middle English hunger, from Old English hungor (“hunger, desire; famine”), from Proto-West Germanic *hungr, from Proto-Germanic *hungruz, *hunhruz (“hunger”), from Proto-Indo-European *kenk- (“to burn, smart, desire, hunger, thirst”).
Cognate with West Frisian honger, hûnger (“hunger”), Dutch honger (“hunger”), German Low German Hunger (“hunger”), German Hunger (“hunger”), Swedish hunger (“hunger”), Icelandic hungur (“hunger”).
From Middle English hungren, from Old English hyngran, hyngrian, ġehyngrian (“to be hungry”), from Proto-West Germanic *hungrijan, from Proto-Germanic *hungrijaną.
hiss
From Middle English hissen, probably of onomatopoeic origin (compare Arabic هَسْهَسَ (hashasa)). Compare Middle Dutch hissen, hisschen (“to chase away, shoo”), Middle Low German hissen (“to chase, hound, incite”).
noll
From Middle English nol, from Old English hnol. Cognate with Dutch nol (“top of a sand-dune”).
soviet
Borrowed from Russian сове́т (sovét, “council”), from Old Russian borrowed from Old Church Slavonic съвѣтъ (sŭvětŭ, “advice”). Compounded from съ- (sŭ-) + вѣтъ (větŭ, “agreement”), from Proto-Slavic *větъ (“council, talk”). Related words include наве́т (navét), изве́т (izvét), отве́т (otvét), приве́т (privét), обе́т (obét), ве́че (véče), отвеча́ть (otvečátʹ), отве́тить (otvétitʹ), завеща́ть (zaveščátʹ), and совещаться (soveščatʹsja). Probably cognate with Polish witać (“to welcome”).
From Russian сове́т (sovét).
apocatastasis
Learned borrowing from Latin apocatastasis, itself from Ancient Greek ἀποκατάστασις (apokatástasis, “restoration, reëstablishment”), from ἀποκαθίστημι (apokathístēmi, “to stand up again”), from ἀπό- (apó-, “back again”) + καθίστημι (kathístēmi, “to set, place, constitute, appoint”), from κατά- (katá-, “down, for”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to set, stand, establish”).
randy
First use appears c. 1665 in a letter by the Earl of Argyll. From Scottish randy (“boisterous, aggressive”), of uncertain origin. Probably from rand (“to storm, rave”, verb), a variant of rant, see rant; or from rand (“edge”, noun), in the sense of "edgy, on edge", from Middle English rand (“edge, brink, margin, border”), from Old English rand (“edge, border, margin, rim”). Related to randan.
relief
From Old French relief (“assistance”), from Old French relever (“to relieve”), from Latin relevare (“to raise up, make light”). See also relieve.
From Italian rilievo, from rilevare (“to raise”), from Latin relevō (“to raise”).
bunker
The origin of the noun is uncertain; the earliest sense is sense 6.1 (“box or chest, the lid of which serves as a seat”), from Scots bunker (“bench; pew; window-seat; sand pit (especially in golf); coal receptacle; sleeping berth, bunk”), from Early Scots bunker, bunkur, bonker (“a chest or box, often serving as a seat”), probably from Old Norse bunki (“a heap”) (probably whence bunk (“sleeping berth in a ship, train, etc.”)), from Proto-Germanic *bunkô (“a heap, pile; a bump, lump, a crowd”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick”) or *bʰeg- (“to billow, swell; to arch, bend, curve (?)”). Compare Middle Low German bunge (“drum, container”), Middle High German bunge (“drum”). Sense 1 (“hardened shelter designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks”) was derived from German Bunker during World War II, which was itself from bunker (“large bin or container for storing coal”) (sense 5).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Clipping of mossbunker, a variant of mossbanker, from Dutch marsbanker (“common scad or Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus)”), from Marsdiep (“deep tide-race between Den Helder and Texel in the Netherlands”) + bank (“shallow part of the sea near a coast”) + -er (suffix forming nouns denoting male inhabitants of a place).
fond
From Middle English fond, fonned, past participle of fonnen (“to be foolish, be simple, dote”), equivalent to fon + -ed. More at fon.
From French, ultimately from Latin fundus. Doublet of fund and fundus.
carabiner
Shortened from German Karabinerhaken (“carbine hook”), reflecting that such a link was used for gear slinging even before it was used for rock climbing.
version
Borrowed from Middle French version, from Medieval Latin versiō, from Latin vertō (“to turn”). Used in English since 16th century.
filbert
Earlier filbert-nut, Philibert-nut, from Middle English filbert-note, from Anglo-Norman noix de filbert, so named because they are ripe near Saint Philibert’s Day.
proto-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pér
Proto-Indo-European *-o
Proto-Indo-European *próder.
Ancient Greek πρό (pró)
Ancient Greek -ᾰτος (-ătos)
Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)
Ancient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-)lbor.
English proto-
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πρωτο- (prōto-), combination form of πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”), superlative of πρό (pró, “before”).
tessera
Borrowed from Latin tessera (“a cube, a die with numbers on all six sides”), from Ancient Greek τέσσαρες (téssares, “four”).
blank
From Middle English blank, blonc, blaunc, blaunche, from Anglo-Norman blonc, blaunc, blaunche, from Old French blanc, feminine blanche, from Frankish *blank (“gleaming, white, blinding”), from Proto-Germanic *blankaz (“white, bright, blinding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ- (“to shine”). Akin to Old High German blanch (“shining, bright, white”) (German blank), Old English blanc (“white, grey”), blanca (“white steed”), Spanish blanco. More at blink, blind, blanch. Doublet of blanc.
* As a Dutch and German surname, from the adjective blank (“shining, pale, white”).
* As an English and Jewish surname, spelling variant of Blanc, Blanck.
distort
Borrowed from Latin distortum, past participle of distorqueō (“to twist, torture, distort”).
disfigure
From Middle English disfiguren, from Anglo-Norman desfigurer.
deplorable
PIE word
 *de
The adjective is borrowed from French déplorable (“lamentable, regrettable”), or from its etymon Late Latin dēplōrābilis + English -able (suffix meaning ‘relevant to, suitable to’). Dēplōrābilis is derived from Latin dēplōrō (“to bemoan, complain about; to bewail, lament, deplore”) + -ābilis (suffix meaning ‘able or worthy to be’); while dēplōrō is from dē- (intensifying prefix) + plōrō (“to cry out; to complain; to lament, deplore”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)- (“to flow; to swim”)). By surface analysis, deplore + -able.
The noun is derived from the adjective. Noun sense 2 refers to a campaign speech by the American politician and Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton (born 1947) during the 2016 United States presidential election calling half of the supporters of her Republican opponent Donald Trump (born 1946) a “basket of deplorables”.
forfeit
From Middle English forfait from ca. 1300, from Old French forfait (“crime”), originally the past participle of forfaire (“to transgress”), and Medieval Latin foris factum. During the 15th century, the sense shifted from the crime to the penalty for the crime.
syn-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sem-der.?
Proto-Hellenic *ksún
Ancient Greek σύν (sún)
Ancient Greek σῠν- (sŭn-)der.
English syn-
From Ancient Greek συν- (sun-), from σύν (sún, “with, in company with, together with”). Compare Sanskrit सम्- (sam-).
compliment
Borrowed from French compliment, itself a borrowing of Italian complimento, which in turn is a borrowing from Spanish cumplimiento, from cumplir (“to comply, complete, do what is proper”) + -miento or Latin complēmentum. Doublet of complement. Displaced Old English ġeswǣsnes.
Borrowed from French complimenter, from compliment + -er (verb-forming suffix).
comprador
From Portuguese comprador (“buyer”), from Late Latin comparator, from Latin comparō (“to buy”), from con- (“with”) + paro (“to furnish”).
In Far East, originally applied to native servants in European households, later to native managers in European businesses.
days
From Middle English dayes, dawes, from Old English dagas, from Proto-Germanic *dagōs, *dagōz, plural of *dagaz, equivalent to day + -s (plural ending).
From Middle English daies, from Old English dæġes (“by day”), from Proto-Germanic *dagas, *dagis, genitive of *dagaz, equivalent to day + -s (adverbial ending).
hypocorism
Borrowed from Late Latin hypocorisma, a loan from Ancient Greek ὑποκόρισμα (hupokórisma), ὑποκορισμός (hupokorismós, “pet name”), from ὑποκορίζεσθαι (hupokorízesthai), ὑποκορίζομαι (hupokorízomai, “to use a pet name; to act in a childish manner”), from ῠ̔πο- (hŭpo-, prefix indicating a small degree) + κορίζομαι (korízomai, “to caress”) (from κόρος (kóros, “boy; youth”), κόρη (kórē, “girl; young woman”)).
sibilate
Borrowed from Latin sībilātus, past participle of sībilō. Doublet of siffle.
fellate
Back-formation from fellatio on the basis of -ate (verb-forming suffix), from Latin fellō (“suck”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, to suckle”).
Clara
Learned borrowing from Latin clāra, feminine of clārus (“bright, shining, clear”), a post-classical name made famous by the 13th century Saint Clara (Clare) of Assisi. Doublet of Clare and Claire.
Oscar
Exact origin uncertain. Resuscitated by James Mcpherson in The Works of Ossian (1765). Napoleon, an admirer of the Ossianic poems, chose it for his godson Oscar Bernadotte, who became a king of Sweden.
The modern given name is a conflation of two unrelated names: first, Middle Irish Oscar (the name of Fionn Mac Cumhaill's grandson in Irish mythology), from Middle Irish os (“deer”) + cara (“friend”); and second, Old English Ōscār, Ōsgār (personal name, literally “spear of the gods/spear of God”), from Old English ōs (“god”) and gār (“spear”) (see Oswald). Compare German Ansgar (personal name), Danish Asker, Asger (personal name), Norwegian Asgeir (personal name), Icelandic Ásgeir (personal name).
(Academy Award): Disputed. Said to have been named by actress Bette Davis after her first husband, Harmon Oscar Nelson, or by secretary Margaret Herrick after her cousin Oscar Pierce.
Nagoya
Borrowed from Japanese 名古屋(なごや) (Nagoya). The Indonesian district was nicknamed "Nagoya" by Japanese workers from Taisei Corporation who were working on a construction project in Batam in the 1970s.
sierra
Borrowed from Spanish sierra, from Latin serra (“saw”), referring to the saw-tooth profile of the crestline of the range seen from a distance.
consort
Borrowed from Middle French, ultimately from Latin cōnsors. As “companion or partner”, via Middle English consorte.
fishwife
From Middle English fysshewyfe; equivalent to fish + wife (“(obsolete) woman”) (see also midwife).
sewing
From Middle English sewinge, seuinge, seuwinge (“sewing”), equivalent to sew + -ing.
molten
From Middle English molten, from Old English molten, ġemolten (“melted, molten”), from Proto-Germanic *multanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *meltaną (“to melt”). Cognate with Scots moltin, Swedish multen.
gonad
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *ǵíǵn̥h₁eti
Proto-Hellenic *gígnomai
Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Ancient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)
Ancient Greek -η (-ē)
Ancient Greek γονή (gonḗ)
Ancient Greek -άζω (-ázō)
Ancient Greek -ᾰ́ς (-ắs)
New Latin gonadēsbor.
English gonad
From 1880 New Latin gonadēs, plural of New Latin gonas, coined from Ancient Greek γονή (gonḗ, “seed, begetting, birth, offspring”), from γίγνεσθαι (gígnesthai, “be born”).
crockery
From crocker (“(obsolete) potter”) + -ery (suffix with the sense ‘a class, group, or collection of’ forming nouns). Crocker is derived from crock (“earthenware or stoneware jar or storage container”) + -er (suffix attached to nouns indicating persons whose occupations are indicated by the nouns); crock is from Middle English crok, crokke (“earthenware jar, pot, or other container; cauldron; belly, stomach”) [and other forms], from Old English crocc, crocca (“crock, pot, vessel”) [and other forms], from Proto-Germanic *krukkō, *krukkô (“vessel”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *grewg- (“vessel”).
jug
From Middle English jugge, of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant of Middle English jubbe, jobbe, iubbe, geobbe, itself of unknown origin; or perhaps continuing (in altered form) Old English ċēac (“pitcher; jug”). Compare also jug (“a low woman, maidservant”), from Jug, familiar form of Joanna. Prison sense attested from at least 1825 in Britain.
Probably from Latin jugum (“yoke, tether”). A folk etymology claims that it is an acronym for "justice under God" or "judgment under God". https://www.ignatius.edu/news/september-2017/jug-em-with-a-jugumhttps://catholicphilly.com/2021/10/news/local-news/local-priest-moves-closer-to-sainthood/
twin
PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English twinne, twynne, from Old English ġetwin, ġetwinn (“twin, multiple”, noun) and twinn (“twin, two-fold, double, two by two”, adjective), from Proto-Germanic *twinaz (“double/two each, twin”), Proto-Germanic *twinjaz, *twīhnaz (“two each”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwino- (“twin”), from *dwóh₁ (“two”). Cognate with Scots twyn (“twin”), Dutch tweeling (“twin”), German Zwilling (“twin”), Danish tvilling (“twin”), Swedish tvilling (“twin”), Faroese tvinnur (“a double set”), Icelandic tvenna (“duo, pair”), Lithuanian dvynys (“twin”), Russian двойня (dvojnja, “twin”).
From Middle English *twin, *twyn, from Old English twin, twinn (“twin; double”, adjective), from Proto-Germanic *twīhnaz (“occurring in a pair; twofold; double”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”). Cognate with Icelandic tvennur (“double”), Gothic 𐍄𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹 (tweihnai, “two each”).
forlese
From Middle English forlesen, from Old English forlēosan (“to lose, abandon, let go, destroy, ruin”), from Proto-Germanic *fraleusaną. Equivalent to for- + lese. Cognate with Scots forlore (“to lose”), Dutch verliezen (“to lose”), German verlieren (“to lose”), Swedish förlisa (“to be lost”), Swedish förlora (“to lose”).
baccarat
First attested in the 19th century. Borrowed from French baccarat, baccara, likely named after the French town Baccarat (noted for glassmaking) in Grand Est, of ultimately unclear and debated origin (first attested in 1291. (uncertain)). If by some Vulgar Latin *Bacchara, the town is possibly named from Latin Bacchi ara ("altar of Bacchus"; the original pagan reference of the name was forgotten), name of an ancient Roman castellum, of which there remains a relic called the "Tower of Bacha" on the heights of Deneuvre, from whence Baccarat is an ancient suburb. Other hypotheses have also been suggested, including descent from Celtic.
Probably linked to Provençal baccara, although if the town etymology is correct, this may present some geographic difficulty.
cartridge
Corruption of earlier cartage, from French cartouche, from Italian cartoccio (“roll of paper”), from Medieval Latin carta (“paper”). Doublet of cartouche.
optimum
From New Latin, neuter of Latin optimus (“best, very good”), from the root in ops (“work”) or omnis (“all”).
taa
From Mandarin 塔 (tǎ, “pagoda”).
From Arabic تَاء (tāʔ).
pagoda
From Portuguese pagode (“Hindu temple, Hindu idol, pagoda coin”), from any of various Dravidian languages' words of respectful address to Hindu gods and idols and their temples, including Malayalam പകോതി (pakōti, “Durga temple”), Kannada, and Tamil பகவதி (pakavati, “Durga, Parvati”), possibly corrupted under the influence of Portuguese pagão (“pagan”), all ultimately from Sanskrit भगवती (bhagavatī, “Holy One, used for goddesses”). Previously but mistakenly connected with various other languages from Persia to China.
stupa
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa). Doublet of tope.
patio
From Spanish patio, either from Old Occitan patu or pati (compare Occitan and Catalan pati), from Late Latin pactus, from Latin pactum (“pact, agreement, bargain”), hence a doublet of pact, or alternatively from Latin patēre (“to lie open”).
bambou
From French bambou, from Portuguese bambu, from Malay bambu, from Kannada ಬಮ್ಬು (bambu).
banc
From Middle English bank, from Old French banc. Doublet of banco, bank, and bench.