MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
tindora
Borrowed from Gujarati ટીંડોરું (ṭī̃ḍorũ).
ochlagogue
From Ancient Greek ὀχλαγωγός (okhlagōgós), from ὄχλος (ókhlos, “mob”) + ἀγωγός (agōgós, “leading, guiding”).
chachalaca
Late 19th century. From South American Spanish chachalaca, from Classical Nahuatl chachalacani (“tattler, gossiper”), from chāchalāni (“to make a hubbub, create an uproar”).
Aesop
From Ancient Greek Αἴσωπος (Aísōpos).
Xylokastro
From Greek Ξυλόκαστρο (Xylókastro), from ξύλον (xýlon) + κάστρο (kástro), literally "wooden castle".
Haumea
From Hawaiian hau (“ruler”) (archaic) + mea (“reddish brown”), "red ruler".
charette
Borrowed from French charrette (literally “small cart”). In the modern sense popularized by the US design supply chain Charrette (1969–2009).
Borrowed from French Charette.
cirl bunting
Anglicized form of Latin name Emberiza cirlus, probably originally from Italian zirlare (“to whistle”).
imponent
From Latin impōnēns (“laying aside”), present active participle of impōnō (“to put upon”), from im- + pōnō (“put, place”).
yamun
Irregular romanization of Mandarin 衙門／衙门 (yámen).
ochl-
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὄχλος (ókhlos, “mob”).
amphiprostyle
From Latin amphiprostȳlos, from Ancient Greek ἀμφι- (amphi-) + πρόστῡλος (próstūlos, “having pillars”).
metabola
From Ancient Greek μεταβολή (metabolḗ, “change”); μετά (metá, “beyond”) + βολέω (boléō, “throw”).
holonymy
From holo- + -onymy (compare Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”), ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”)).
fitch
Shortening of fitchew, or directly borrowed from its antecedent, Middle Dutch vitsche (“polecat”). More at fitchew.
English surname, possibly from Old French fiche (“iron post”). A connection with the noun fitch (“polecat”) is unlikely as the surname predates it by at least 300 years.
obscurant
Entering English circa 1793–1799: From German Obskurant and French obscurant, from classical Latin obscūrant-, stem of obscūrāns, present participle of obscūrāre (“to obscure”), from obscūrus (“dark”).
manatiq
From Arabic مَنَاطِق (manāṭiq), plural form of مِنْطَقَة (minṭaqa, “area”).
yardland
From Middle English ȝerdelonde, yerdland, yerdlond, yertland, equivalent to yard (“unit”) + land.
yautia
Via Spanish, from Taíno [Term?] or more broadly some Arawak language.
ybent
From Middle English ybende, i-bente, from Old English *ġebended, past participle of Old English bendan as well as ġebendan. Equivalent to y- + bend + -t.
Avernus
From Latin Avernus, from Ancient Greek ἄορνος (áornos), ἄϝορνος (áwornos, “birdless”), from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”). The lack of birds was likely due to fatal gases like carbon dioxide seeping from the volcanically active lake.
kolkhoz
From Russian колхо́з (kolxóz), contraction of коллекти́вное хозя́йство (kollektívnoje xozjájstvo, “collective farm, household”).
manducation
Learned borrowing from Late Latin mandūcātiō, from mandūcō (“to chew, to eat”) + -tiō. Compare French manducation. By surface analysis, manducate + -ion.
kolinsky
From Russian колинский (kolinskij, literally “from the Kola peninsula”).
peotomy
From Ancient Greek πέος (péos, “penis”) + -tomy.
year-old
The combining form -year-old dates from Middle English (ȝeer old(e), yeer old(e), yere old(e)).
Yekaterinburg
Borrowed from Russian Екатеринбу́рг (Jekaterinbúrg), referring to Catherine I of Russia.
Yekke
From Yiddish יעקע (yeke). See Wikipedia.
yelamber
From Middle English *yelwambre, from yelwe (“yellow”) + *ambre (“yellowhammer”), from Old English amore.
bread and circuses
Calque of Latin panem et circenses, a reference to Satire 10 of the Roman poet Juvenal’s Satires (early 2nd century C.E.). The relevant passage states: “… nam qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, legiones, omnia, nunc se continet atque duas tantum res anxius optat, panem et circenses” (“[F]or that sovereign people that once gave away military command, consulships, legions, and every thing, now bridles its desires, and limits its anxious longings to two things only,—bread, and the games of the circus!”). Juvenal was commenting that the Roman people no longer cared for political involvement, and were satisfied with cheap food and entertainment provided by politicians.
Koszalin
Unadapted borrowing from Polish Koszalin.
sequuntur
Learned borrowing from Latin sequuntur (“they follow”), third-person plural form of sequor (“to follow”).
non sequuntur
Learned borrowing from Latin nōn sequuntur (literally “they do not follow”), third-person plural form of nōn sequī (literally “to not follow”).
clough
From Middle English clough, clow, cloȝ, from Old English *clōh, from Proto-West Germanic *klą̄h (“cleft, sluice, abyss”), of uncertain origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to form into a ball”).
Cognate with Scots cleuch (“gorge; ravine”), Old High German klāh (in placenames), Old High German klingo, klinga (“brook, cataract, gulf, rapids”). Perhaps conflated or influenced by Old Norse klofi (“a cleft or rift in a hill, ravine”); compare Dutch kloof (“a slit, crevice, chink”). See also cling, clove.
* As an English surname, from the noun clough.
* As a Welsh surname, from cloff (“lame”), from Late Latin cloppus, perhaps ultimately imitative of a limping person.
* As an Irish place name, from Irish an Chloch, "the stone".
Drukpa
Borrowed from Dzongkha and Tibetan འབྲུག་པ ('brug pa, “Bhutanese”). derived from the Tibetan words for "Dragon" (འབྲུག, druk) and "person" (pa).
kuffar
From the Arabic كُفَّار (kuffār), the plural form of كَافِر (kāfir).
ruthful
Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną
Proto-West Germanic *hreuwan
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Germanic *-ō
Proto-West Germanic *-u
Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu
Old English hrēow
Middle English rewe
Middle English -the
Old Norse hrygðinflu.
Middle English reuþe
Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós
Proto-Germanic *fullaz
Proto-Germanic *-fullaz
Old English -ful
Middle English -ful
Middle English reuþful
English ruthful
From Middle English reuþful, reuthful, reowthful, equivalent to ruth + -ful.
vaticinate
From Latin vāticinātus, perfect passive participle of vāticinor (“foretell, prophesy”).
dziggetai
Borrowed from Mongolian чихтэй (čixtej, “eared”).
claustrum
Unadapted borrowing from Latin claustrum (“a bolt, bar”). Doublet of cloister.
sando
From Japanese サンド (sando), a shortening from English sandwich.
Unknown. Oldest attestation found in the Philippines is from 1943 in the Official Gazette of the Japanese Military Administration of the Philippines, Volume 2. Possibly from Japanese, just like Tagalog sando as per Potet (2016). See also Japanese ランニングシャツ (ranningushatsu, “sleeveless undershirt; tank top; singlet; vest”) and サンド (sando). Compare Bengali স্যান্ডো গেঞ্জি (sênḍō genji), Assamese English sando-ganji, Hindi सैंडो गंजी (saiṇḍo gañjī), Kapampangan sandu, Central Bikol sando, Waray-Waray sando.
exitus
Learned borrowing from Latin exitus. Doublet of ejido and exit.
moldavite
From German Moldawit, from Moldau (“Vltava River”).
duiker
Borrowed from Afrikaans duiker (literally “diver”), from Dutch duiker, from Middle Dutch dukere. Piecewise doublet of ducker.
Dutchland
From Middle English Duchelond (“Germany”), from Middle Dutch duutsche land or from late Middle High German diutschland, both equivalent to Dutch + -land. Cognate with West Frisian Dútslân (“Germany”), Dutch Duitsland (“Germany”), German Deutschland (“Germany”), Swedish Tyskland (“Germany”), Icelandic Þýskaland (“Germany”).
geoid
From German Geoid (“geoid”), analysable as geo- + -oid.
frit
Either from French fritte, from frit (“fried”), or else from Italian fritta f (“fried”).
oremus
From Latin ōrēmus (“let us pray”, first person plural active subjunctive of ōrō), often used to introduce a prayer in the liturgy.
onerate
Borrowed from Latin onerātus, perfect passive participle of onerō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
libate
First attested in 1866; borrowed from Latin lībātus, perfect passive participle of lībō (“to pour out, taste”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
nocturn
From Middle English nocturne, borrowed from Medieval Latin nocturna, noun use of the feminine form of Latin nocturnus (“nocturnal, of the night”), derived from nox (“night”).
liquate
First attested in 1669; borrowed from Latin liquātus, perfect passive participle of liquō (“to melt”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
levator
Borrowed from New Latin levātor (“one that lifts or raises”). Doublet of lever.
sinciput
Borrowed from Latin sinciput (“half a head”; “smoked hog’s cheek or half-jowl”; (transferred senses): “brain”, “head”), whence also the French sinciput.
dungy
From Middle English dongy, donky, dungy, equivalent to dung + -y. Probably a doublet of dingy.
hypogastrium
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὑπογάστριον (hupogástrion).
cor pulmonale
Borrowed from New Latin cor pulmōnāle (literally “pulmonary heart”).
marantic
Probably from Koine Greek μαραντικός (marantikós, “wasting away”), from the aorist stem of Ancient Greek μαραίνω (maraínō, “I waste away, wither”).
dubbeltjie
Borrowed from Afrikaans dubbeltjie, duwweltjie.
linea
From Latin līnea (“line, thread”), via Spanish línea in reference to the unit of length, from līnum (“flax”). Doublet of ligne; related to line.
odynophagia
From Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain”) + -phagia (“swallowing, ingestion”).
aidoru
From Japanese アイドル (aidoru), itself from English idol. Doublet of eidolon, idol, and idolum.
catholicos
From Ancient Greek καθολικός (katholikós). Doublet of catholic.
khachkar
Borrowed from Armenian խաչքար (xačʻkʻar).
Pampanga
From Spanish Pampanga, from Kapampangan pampang (“river bank”) + -a.
vervet
From French vervet (1821, F. Cuvier), further origin is obscure.
bivious
From Latin bivius (“two-way, having two approaches”) + English -ous.
Mannes
Various origins:
* Borrowed from German Mannes, a patronymic form of Mann.
* Borrowed from Dutch Mannes, a variant of Magnus, Mannen or Manes.
* Borrowed from Norwegian Mannes, a habitational surname from a place in Rogaland.
oblectate
Borrowed from Latin oblectātus, perfect passive participle of oblectō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
carcinomata
Learned borrowing from Latin carcinōmata, from Ancient Greek κᾰρκῐνώμᾰτᾰ (kărkĭnṓmătă).
verrucous
Borrowed from Late Latin verrūcōsus, from Latin verrūca (“wart”). By surface analysis, verruca + -ous. Doublet of verrucose.
Phrygia
From Latin Phrygia, from Ancient Greek Φρυγία (Phrugía).
refoulement
Borrowed from French refoulement (“act of pushing something back (as gunpowder into a gun barrel, or water by a dam); act of water overflowing; forced relocation of a group of people; forced repatriation of asylum-seekers or refugees”), from refouler (“to cause to flow or turn back; to repress, suppress; to repulse; to trample on again”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + fouler (“to impress, stamp; to trample, walk on; to mistreat, oppress”) (ultimately from Medieval Latin fullare (“to make cloth denser and firmer by soaking, beating and pressing, to full”), from Latin fullō (“one who fulls cloth, fuller”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to blow; to inflate, swell”)) + -ment (suffix forming nouns from verbs, usually denoting resulting actions or states).
Ogden
Places in England, from Old English āc (“oak”) + denu (“valley”).
jodo
A borrowing of Japanese 杖道 (jōdō, literally “way of the staff”).
A borrowing of Japanese 浄土 (jōdo, literally “pure land”), q.v.
A borrowing of Japanese 浄土 (Jōdo, literally “Pure Land”), q.v.
waterflood
From Middle English waterrflod, from Old English wæterflōd, equivalent to water + flood.
javelina
From Spanish javalina, jabalina, feminine form of jabalí (“wild boar”), from Andalusian Arabic جَبَلِي (jabalī) (in خِنْزِير جَبَلِيّ (ḵinzīr jabaliyy, “mountain pig”)), from Arabic جَبَل (jabal, “mountain”). Cognate with Portuguese javalina, and similar in other Iberian languages.
javelineer
From Middle French javelinier. By surface analysis, javelin + -eer.
amba
From Amharic ዐምባ (ʿämba).
From Arabic عَمْبَة (ʕamba) and Hebrew עמבה; ultimately from Sanskrit आम्र (āmra).
Borrowed from Sanskrit अम्बा (ambā).
amay
Inherited from Middle English amayen, from Old French amaier, esmaier (“to dismay”).
guttle
Borrowed from Scots guttle, from gut (“to eviscerate”) + -le (frequentative suffix).
holy water
From Middle English holy water, haly water, hali water, holiwater, halywater, from Old English hāliġwæter (“holy water”), equivalent to holy + water.
profer
From Middle English proferen, from Old French proferer, from Latin proferre (“to bring forth, produce, utter”).
atsara
Orthographic borrowing from Cebuano or Tagalog atsara. Doublet of atchara, acar, and acha(a)r(a).
snew
From Middle English snewen, from Old English snīwan (“to snow”), from Proto-Germanic *snīwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sneygʷʰ-.
svarabhakti
Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वरभक्ति (svára-bhakti, “vowel separation”), a compound of स्वर (svára, “vowel”) + भक्ति (bhaktí, “separation”).
Brahmana
Borrowed from Sanskrit ब्राह्मण (brā́hmaṇa). Doublet of brahmin.
Anglicized/transliterated from Sanskrit ब्राह्मण (brā́hmaṇa).
emanant
Ultimately from Latin present participle ēmānāns, ēmānantis, from verb ēmānō (“to flow out, arise”), from ex- (“out of, from”) + mānō.
transeunt
Circa 1625; from Latin trānseunt-, transiens (“passing beyond”), present participle of trānseō (“to go over, cross”), from trans (“across, on the far side, beyond”) + eō (“to go, walk, march”). See transient.
cullion
From Middle English coilon, borrowed from Old French coillon (“testicle, vile fellow, coward, dupe”), from Vulgar Latin *cōleōnem, from Latin cōleus (“sack, scrotum”). Doublet of culeus and cojones.
bibi
From Hindi बीबी (bībī), from Classical Persian بیبی (bī-bī).
Borrowed from Hindi बीबी (bībī) / Urdu بی بی (bī bī, “woman, lady (by Muslims)”), from Classical Persian بیبی (bī-bī).
From Hebrew בִּיבִּי (bibi), reduplication of a clipped form of בִּנְיָמִין (binyamín, “Benjamin”).
bibingka
From Tagalog bibingka, from Malay bingka (“cake made of rice flour, coconut milk, eggs and palm sugar”), as in Malay kuih bingka. See also Indonesian kue bingka, Macanese bebinca.
bilin
From international scientific vocabulary, and clearly reflecting New Latin, from Latin bīlis (“bile”). By surface analysis, bili- + -in, although according to American Heritage Dictionary, bilin was back-formed from phycobilin (as opposed to phycobilin being derived from bilin as surface analysis suggests).
rosaceous
Borrowed from Latin rosāceus. Alternatively, from Rosaceae + -ous.
vilipend
From Middle English vilipenden (“to treat (something) as contemptible”) [and other forms], from Old French vilipender (modern French vilipender (“to condemn, despise, revile, scorn, vilipend, vilify”)), or its etymon Latin vilipendō, from vīlis (“cheap, inexpensive; base, mean, vile, worthless”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to buy, sell”)) + pendō (“to hang, suspend; to weigh, weigh out; (figuratively) to consider, ponder”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to stretch”)). The English word is cognate with Italian vilipendere (“to despise, scorn, vilipend”), Portuguese vilipendiar (“to vilify”), Spanish vilipendiar (“to vilify”).
tucket
From tuck (“a blow, a drum beat”), from Old French touchet (“stroke, blow”). Compare toccata. Compare also Middle French toquer from Old French *toquer (“to strike”).
neven
From Middle English nevenen, nevnen, nemmen, nempnen, nemnen, from Old English nemnan, nemnian (“to name, call, give a name to a person or thing; use such and such a name or title in speaking of a person or thing; enumerate; address, speak to; nominate; call upon the name of, address by name, invoke; mention by name, mention, relate”) and Old Norse nefna (“to name, call”); both from Proto-Germanic *namnijaną (“to name”). More at name.
Montezuma
From Classical Nahuatl Motēuczōma (literally “he frowns like a lord”).
rhyparography
From Ancient Greek ῥύπος (rhúpos, “filth”) + -graphy.
cumshaw
Borrowed from Hokkien 感謝 /感谢 (kám-siā, “thank you”).
baby daddy
African-American Vernacular English (General American would be baby's daddy) 1990s, popularized in the 2000s; compare baby mama. Possibly from or influenced by same term in Jamaican English, from Jamaican Creole baby-father, alternatively due simply to grammatical similarities between AAVE and Jamaican Creole.
periodontium
From peri- + Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús) + -ium.
xenelasy
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ξενηλᾰσῐ́ᾱ (xenēlăsĭ́ā, “expulsion of foreigners”) + English -y (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state). Ξενηλᾰσῐ́ᾱ (Xenēlăsĭ́ā) is derived from ξενηλατεῖν (xenēlateîn, “to expel a foreigner”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns); and ξενηλατεῖν (xenēlateîn) is from ξένος (xénos, “foreigner; stranger”) (probably from Pre-Greek) + ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “to drive, set in motion; to drive away”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁elh₂- (“to drive somewhere”)) + -ειν (-ein, suffix forming infinitives of verbs).
servient
Borrowed from Latin serviēns, servientis. Doublet of servant and sergeant.
therian
From Theria + -ian. From translingual Theria, from Ancient Greek θηρίον (thēríon, “wild beast”).
tamis
Borrowed from French tamis, from Middle French tamis, from Old French tamis, from Medieval Latin tamisium, of unclear origin.
Cognate with Old High German zemis (dialectal German Zims), Dutch teems (“sieve”), West Frisian teams, tiems, German Low German Teemse, Teems, Old English temes, Old English temesian (“to sieve; sift”). Doublet of temse.
muriatic
From Latin muriāticus (“pickled”), from muria (“brine”).
callant
From Middle Dutch calant (Modern Dutch klant), from Picard kalant, from Old Northern French calant, from Old French chaloir (“to heat, to care about”).
caique
Borrowed from French caïque, from Italian caicco, from Ottoman Turkish قایق (kayık), from Proto-Turkic *kiayguk (“boat, oar”). Cognate with modern Turkish kayık.
From Spanish caíque or Portuguese caíque.
coureur de bois
Borrowed from French coureur des bois, literally “woods runner”.
Socotra
From Arabic سُقُطْرَى (suquṭrā).
expone
From Middle English exponen, from Latin expōnō. Doublet of expose and expound.
repone
Borrowed from Latin reponere; prefix re- (“re-”) + ponere (“to place”).
atresia
From Latin atresia, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not, without”) and τρῆσις (trêsis, “perforation”).
confect
Borrowed from Latin cōnfectus, past participle of cōnficere, from com- (“together”) + facere (“to make”).
Borrowed from Latin cōnfectum. Doublet of comfit, confetto, confit, and konfyt.
synchondrosis
Borrowed from New Latin synchondrōsis, equivalent to syn- + chondro- + -osis.
lithopedion
From Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “stone”) + παιδίον (paidíon, “little child”).
skeuomorph
From Ancient Greek σκεῦος (skeûos, “implement, tool, vessel”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “form”), modeled after zoomorph (“resembling an animal”) and phyllomorph (“resembling a plant”).
practico
Borrowed from Spanish práctico (“experienced; skilled; practiced”). Doublet of practic.
lant
Alteration of earlier land (“urine”), from Middle English *land (“urine”), from Old English hland (“urine”), from Proto-West Germanic *hland, from Proto-Germanic *hlandą (“urine”), from Proto-Indo-European *klān- (“liquid, wet ground”). Cognate with Icelandic hland (“urine”), Norwegian Nynorsk land (“urine”).
Perhaps from Middle English langet, a derivative of lang (“long”), denoting someone who lived by a long strip of ground.
caudle
Inherited from Middle English caudel, from Old Northern French caudel, from Medieval Latin caldellum, diminutive of Latin caldus, calidus (“warm”).
masterless
From Middle English masterles, maisterles, equivalent to master + -less. Compare Dutch meesterloos (“masterless”), German meisterlos (“masterless”), Icelandic meistaralaus (“masterless”).
souchong
Borrowed from Cantonese 小種 /小种 (siu² zung², “subvariety”). See also Hokkien 小種茶 /小种茶 (sió-chióng-tê).
xerophagy
From Ancient Greek ξηροφαγία (xērophagía). Compare xero- + -phagy.
otherworld
From Middle English othyr world, oþerr werelld, oþer world, from Old English ōþer weoruld, equivalent to other + world.
Eneolithic
Borrowed from Italian eneolitico, from Latin aeneus (“copper, bronze”).
apricity
From the Latin aprīcitās, noun of quality from aprīcus (“warmed by the sun”).
icen
From Middle English isen, ysen, equivalent to ice + -en (“made of”).
saltchuck
Borrowed from Chinook Jargon saltchuck (“the sea”, literally “saltwater”), from salt (“salt”) (from English salt) + chuck (“water”) from Nootka č̕aʔak (“water”).
esperance
Borrowed from Middle French esperance (compare modern French espérance), from esperer (“to hope”).
Clarice
Borrowed from French Clarisse, from Italian Clarissa, from Medieval Latin Clarissa (“Poor Clare”); see there for more. Doublet of Clarissa and Clarisse.
Ankou
Borrowed from French Ankou, from Breton Ankoù.
Silvana
From Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish Silvana, from Latin Silvāna.
rissaldar
From Hindi रिसालदार (risāldār), Persian رسالدار (resâldâr).
rhomb
Partly borrowed from Middle French rhombe and partly from its etymon Latin rhombus, from Ancient Greek ῥόμβος (rhómbos). Doublet of rhombus and rhumb.
unagreeable
From Middle English unagreable, equivalent to un- + agreeable.
parol
from Middle French parole, from Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parable.
From Tagalog parol, from Spanish farol (“lantern”).
soleus
Clipping of musculus soleus, a relative adjective to Latin solum.
overlordship
From Middle English owr lardschip, equivalent to overlord + -ship.
sord
From Middle English sowrde, from Old French sourdre (“to rise”), that is, "to rise in flight, as a flock of birds", from Latin surgō. Related to surge.
sensorium
From Late Latin sensōrium, from Latin sentiō (“feel, perceive”) + Latin -ōrium (suffix denoting a place for a particular function).
retardative
From (the participle stem of) Latin retardāre + -ive.
repertitious
From Latin repertīcius (“newly found”), from repertus (“found, discovered, invented”), from reperīre (“to find, discover, invent”), from re- (“again, anew”) + parere (“to bear, to get”), + -īcius (“-itious”), under influence of English -ious, q.v. Cognate with repertible and repertor.
j'adoube
Borrowed from French j'adoube (“I adjust”), from je (“I”) + adouber (“to adjust”).
jaggery
PIE word
 *ḱorkeh₂
Borrowed from Indo-Portuguese jágara, jagra, from Malayalam ചക്കര (cakkara, “jaggery”) or Tamil சக்கரை (cakkarai), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā, “candied or ground sugar; (chiefly in the plural) grit, gravel, shingle; gravelly soil; pebble”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“boulder; gravel”). Doublet of sugar.
qinghaosu
Borrowed from Mandarin 青蒿素 (qīnghāosù, “sweet wormwood element”).
procumbent
From Latin pro (“forward”) + cumbĕre (“to lie down”).
liturgics
From liturgic + -s (see -ics), from Latin lītūrgicus.
mousquetaire
Borrowed from Middle French mousquetaire. Doublet of musketeer.
flagellomania
From Latin flagellō (“to whip, flog”) + -mania.
australopithecine
Originally in reference to a now-obsolete subfamily Australopithecinae, formed in New Latin, from Latin austrālis (“southern”) + Ancient Greek πίθηκος (píthēkos, “ape”).
Aeolis
Borrowed from Latin Aeolis, Ancient Greek Αἰολίς (Aiolís).
bosal
From Spanish bosal, variant of bozal (“noseband; slave”). (The sense "noseband" is specifically via Mexican Spanish and was originally found in the Southwestern US.) Doublet of bozal and bossale.
chingas
Possibly derived from Spanish chingar (“to engage in sexual intercourse, to fuck”). Compare the second-person singular present chingas (“you fuck / you're fucking”).
lick
From Middle English likken, from Old English liccian, from Proto-West Germanic *likkōn, from Proto-Germanic *likkōną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”). Sense evolution towards violence unclear; not paralleled in any other Germanic language.
See also Saterland Frisian likje, Dutch likken, German lecken; also Old Irish ligid, Latin lingō (“lick”), ligguriō (“to lap, lick up”), Lithuanian laižyti, Old Church Slavonic лизати (lizati), Ancient Greek λείχω (leíkhō), Old Armenian լիզեմ (lizem), Persian لیسیدن (lisidan), Sanskrit लेढि (léḍhi), रेढि (réḍhi).
North German surname, from a short/pet form of a name related to Leute (“people”); compare Leopold.