MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
Sable Island
From French sable (“sand”) + island.
From French Île de Sable (“Isle of Sand”).
From being an island made up of a sandbar.
Moriya
Borrowed from Japanese 森谷 (Moriya) or 守屋 (Moriya).
Okun
Borrowed from Polish Okuń and Russian окунь (okunʹ), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *okunь.
bonenkai
From Japanese 忘年会, literally "forget-the-year gathering".
Tridemism
Calque from Chinese 三民主義／三民主义, tri- + demo- + -ism.
Tlacoachistlahuaca
Borrowed from Spanish Tlacoachistlahuaca, from a Nahuan language.
plegometer
From Ancient Greek πληγή (plēgḗ, “stroke = blow”) + -o- + -meter.
bookright
Calque of Old English bōcriht; equivalent to book + right.
beguide
From Middle English *begiden (attested only as Middle English begien, bygyen), equivalent to be- + guide.
top kek
From top + kek; coined by 4chan in 2013 as an intentional catachresis of Turkish Topkek, a brand of cupcake, which was posted to the imageboard as a variant of the then-popular Top Gun hat internet meme.
Dalgleish
From Scottish Gaelic dail (“field”) + glas (“green”).
Bintje
From Dutch Bintje, diminutive of the name Benedictus. The potato was first produced in 1904 by Kornelis Lieuwes de Vries, a Frisian schoolmaster, and named after one of his pupils, a young woman named Bintsje Jansma (spelled with the Frisian diminutive suffix -tsje). (It was common practice in the Netherlands to use a diminutive form of male nicknames for women.)
Orban
* As a Hungarian surname, from Hungarian Orbán, from Latin Urbānus.
* As a Walloon (French) and German surname, from a variant of Urbain, from Latin urbānus, the same ultimate source as above.
Doublet of Urban.
Wenquan
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 溫泉 /温泉 (Wēnquán).
Andronicus
Borrowed from Latin Andronīcus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀνδρόνῑκος (Andrónīkos).
Manasarovar
Borrowed from Hindi मानसरोवर (mānasrovar), from Sanskrit मानस (mānasa, “of the mind, the lake said to have been born from the mind of Brahma”) + Sanskrit सरोवर (sarovara, “lake”).
kinok
From Russian Russian кинооки (kinooki, literally “cinema-eyes”).
taqiyah
From Arabic طَاقِيَّة (ṭāqiyya).
Wujiang
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 吳江 /吴江 (Wújiāng, “Wu River”), after the once major Wusong River nearby.
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 烏江 /乌江 (Wū or Wùjiāng, “Raven or Black River”).
Qidu
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 七堵 (Qīdǔ).
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 七都 (Qīdū).
Kaixiangong
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 開弦弓／开弦弓 (Kāixiángōng).
knemometry
From Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “lower leg”) + -ometry.
balano-
From Latin balanus, from Ancient Greek βάλανος (bálanos). By surface analysis, balan(us) + -o-.
in statu nascendi
Borrowed from Latin in statu nascendi, literally “in a state of being born”.
vexata quaestio
Learned borrowing from Latin vexāta quaestiō.
water-leech
From Middle English waterleche, water leche, equivalent to water + leech.
Farsistan
Borrowed from Classical Persian فَارْسِسْتَان (fārsistān), from فَارْس (fārs, “ethnic Persian”) + ـِسْتَان (-istān, “place of”). By surface analysis, Fars + -istan.
Yuanli
From the Mandarin 苑裡 /苑里 (Yuànlǐ).
Boudica
From Latin Boudicca, from Proto-Celtic *Boudīkā (from which Proto-Brythonic *Bʉðig), from Proto-Celtic *boudīkos (“victorious”), from Proto-Celtic *boudi (“booty, victory”).
biandry
Probably borrowed from German Biandrie or French biandrie. Equivalent to bi- + -andry.
Ka-gi
From Hokkien 嘉義 /嘉义 (Ka-gī).
chinchy
From Middle English chynchy (“miserly, stingy”), from Middle English chinche (“stingy, miserly; miser”) + -y.
preman
From Indonesian preman, from Dutch vrijman (“freeman”). Doublet of freeman.
An-peng
From Hokkien 安平 (An-pêng) for the place in Taiwan.
Chiang-hoa
From romanization of Hokkien 彰化 (Chiang-hòa).
flavescence
From Latin flavescens, present active participle of flāvēscō (“to become yellow”). By surface analysis, Latin flāv(us) + -escence.
Peor es Nada
From Spanish Peor es Nada (literally “worse is nothing”); see w:Peor es Nada § Etymology.
Xialu
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation for 下陸／下陆 (Xiàlù).
bouleuterion
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βουλευτήριον (bouleutḗrion).
maphrian
From Classical Syriac ܡܲܦ̮ܪܝܵܢܵܐ (map̄ryānā, “one who causes to be abundant”).
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Borrowed from French Nouvelle-Aquitaine (literally “New Aquitaine”).
gujeolpan
From Korean 구절판(九折坂) (gujeolpan).
phlyctena
From Ancient Greek φλῠ́κταινᾰ (phlŭ́ktaină).
Whites
In reference to the ancient Roman and medieval Byzantine racing faction, a calque of Latin albī (“Whites”), albātī (“White-Clads”), factio alba (“the white faction”), or factio albata (“the white-clad faction”) and Byzantine Greek Λευκοὶ (Leukoì, “Whites”).
sambaza
Etymology tree
Proto-Bantu [Term?]
Swahili -sambaa
Swahili -sambazabor.
English sambaza
Borrowed from Swahili sambaza (“to disperse, scatter”), popularized by Sambaza, a credit sharing service developed by Kenyan mobile network operator Safaricom in 2005.
grimful
From Middle English grimful, grymfull, from Old English grimfull (“fierce, terrible”), equivalent to grim (noun) + -ful.
grimliness
From Middle English grimlinesse, grymlynesse, equivalent to grimly + -ness.
sangza
Borrowed from Uyghur ساڭزا (sangza), from Mandarin 饊子／馓子 (sǎnzi).
Swabue
From the Postal Romanization of Teochew 汕尾 (suan³ bhuê²).
brutum fulmen
From Latin brutum (“stupid”) + fulmen (“lightning”), derived from a 1680 pamphlet by Thomas Barlow of that title, originally from a passage of Pliny's Natural History: "hinc bruta fulmina et vana" ("these senseless and ineffectual thunder-claps", intended as a literal description of lightning).
Latrocinium
From Latin latrocinium (“act of brigandage; an illegitimate church council”). Doublet of larceny.
modal particle
From modal + particle, attested from the first half of the 19th century. Calque of German Modalpartikel.
profestrix
Learned borrowing from Contemporary Latin profestrīx. By surface analysis, profess + -trix.
Serican
From Latin Sēricānus, from Sērica (“Serica, China, ancient northern China”) + -ānus (“-an”), from Ancient Greek Σηρικά (Sēriká), from σήρ (sḗr, “silkworm”), and possibly ultimately from Old Chinese 絲 (*sə, “silk”). Equivalent to Serica + -an. Doublet of Seric.
shophet
From Hebrew שׁוֹפֵט. Doublet of suffete.
Cholsey
Ultimately from Old English Ċēoles (“Ceol's”) + īeġ (“island”), from the original settlement's location on an island in the Thames.
seasand
From Middle English se-sond, see-sand, equivalent to sea + sand.
Tyva
Borrowed from Russian Тыва́ (Tyvá), from Tuvan Тыва (Tıva).
Nishikori
Borrowed from Japanese 錦織 (Nishikori).
Seine-Saint-Denis
Borrowed from French Seine-Saint-Denis (literally “Seine-St. Dennis”).
Son of the Morning Star
Calque of Crow Ihkaléaxdaaka, from ihkaléaxa (“morning star”) + dáaka (“child”).
ledging
From Middle English leggyng, legynge, equivalent to ledge + -ing.
understandableness
From Middle English understondablenes, undirstondableness, equivalent to understandable + -ness.
Qufu
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 曲阜 (Qūfù).
Lahaina
From Hawaiian Lāhainā, from lā (“sun; solar heat”) + hainā (“cruel, merciless; to abuse”).
Hualalai
From Hawaiian Hualālai, from ka (“the”) + hua (“fruit, seed”) + a variant of laʻi (“calm”), the name of one of the volcano's craters.
Kohala
From Hawaiian Kohala, of uncertain meaning. Sometimes mistakenly derived from kohola (“whale”), which are plentiful in the area.
Kilauea
From Hawaiian Kīlauea, from kī (intensifying prefix) + lau (“many, much”) + ea (“to rise, go up, expand”).
Haleakala
From Hawaiian Haleakalā, from hale (“house”) + a (“of”) + ka (“the”)+ lā (“sun”).
nize
Disputed. Possibly from Jamaican Creole nize (“noise”) or a clipping of recognize.
mankindly
From Middle English mankindely, mankyndely, equivalent to mankind + -ly.
Raghava
Unadapted borrowing from Sanskrit राघव (rāghava).
gerardia
Etymology tree
Frankish *Gaiʀahardbor.
Old French Gerartder.
Middle English Gerard
English Gerard
Latin -ia
Translingual Gerardialbor.
English gerardia
From Gerardia, historical synonym of Agalinis. The obsolete genus derives from English Gerard, being named after English herbalist John Gerard (1545–1612).
Nangang
From Mandarin 南崗 /南岗.
From Mandarin 南港 (Nángǎng).
cockabully
Probably from Māori kōkopuruao (“banded kokopu”), with alternation of the ending after bully (“goby of the genus Gobiomorphus”). Compare kokopu.
panang
From Thai พะแนง (pá-nɛɛng).
berestology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós
Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ-t-óm
Proto-Balto-Slavic *berˀźtan
Proto-Slavic *berstoder.
Old East Slavic бересто (beresto)
Russian береста́ (berestá)
Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-
Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos)
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Proto-Hellenic *-íā
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)der.
Russian -ло́гия (-lógija)
Russian берестоло́гия (berestológija)bor.
English berestology
Borrowed from Russian берестоло́гия (berestológija) from береста́ (berestá, “birchbark”) + -ло́гия (-lógija, suffix indicating the study of a particular subject).
Aleek-chea-ahoosh
Borrowed from Crow Alaxchíia Ahúsh, definite form of Alaxchíia Ahú.
cimelia
From Medieval Latin cimelia, cimilia, from Ancient Greek κειμήλῐᾰ (keimḗlĭă), plural of κειμήλῐον (keimḗlĭon, “something stored or saved up; treasure; heirloom”), from κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie; to be laid up”).
Canfranc
From Aragonese, from Latin Campus Franci (literally “field of the Franks”).
Bettin
Two main origins:
* Borrowed from German Bettin.
* Borrowed from Italian Bettin.
Tamna
Borrowed from Sino-Korean 탐라(耽羅) (Tamna).
McCambridge
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Mac Ambróis (“son of Ambrose”).
oicho-kabu
Borrowed from Japanese おいちょかぶ (oicho-kabu). Compound of オイチョ (oicho, “the 8 card”) + カブ (kabu, “the 9 card”), borrowed from Portuguese oito (“eight”) and Portuguese cabo (“end”, for being the highest card) respectively.
thuthse
From an Angami-Pochuri language; compare Angami zhūtsē (“vessel for brewing rice beer”).
Libertas
Unadapted borrowing from Latin Lībertās. Doublet of liberty
Wanli
From Mandarin 萬曆 /万历 (Wànlì).
From Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 萬里 (Wànlǐ), Wade–Giles romanization: Wan⁴-li³.
gritten
From Middle English *grytten, grutten (“made of bran, coarse”), equivalent to grit + -en (“made of”).
Khem
From Egyptian ḫm (“Letopolis”).
From a 19th-century misreading of Egyptian mnw (“Min”) as ḫm; the confusion arose because the hieroglyph R22 can function as both a logogram for mnw (“Min”) and a phonogram for ḫm.
From Ancient Greek Χημίᾱ (Khēmíā) or Bohairic Coptic ⲭⲏⲙⲓ (khēmi, “Egypt”), both ultimately from Egyptian kmt (“Egypt”). The final vowels were apparently dropped to form a closer match to the Biblical Ham. First attested in 1837.
hyperlect
From hyper- + -lect, Ancient Greek affixes meaning literally “overspeech”, that is, the speech of the overclass.
Arikara
Possibly from Arikara aríka (“horn”), or árikaraahkucuʾ (“bull elk,” literally “ones with big horns”).
Fujimatsu
Borrowed from Japanese ふじまつ (Fujimatsu).
Llanfair
From Welsh llan + Fair, soft mutation of Mair (“Mary”).
Okochi
Borrowed from Japanese 大河内 (Ōkōchi).
Kuwazuru
Borrowed from Japanese 桑水流 (Kuwazuru).
mussuck
From Urdu مشک (maśak) / Hindi मशक (maśak), from Persian مشک (mašk), from Middle Persian [script needed] (mšk' /⁠mašk⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎶𐏁𐎣𐎠 (m-š-k-a /⁠maškā⁠/), via Aramaic or another descendant of Proto-Semitic *mašk- (“skin”).
I'll be a son of a bitch
Attested from at least 1925. From older son of a bitch, from Middle English biche-sone (literally “bitch's son”). Compare I'll be damned, from the 18th century.
Toccopola
From Oaktockopullo (name of a Chickasaw village), from Chickasaw oktaak oppolo (“ruined prairie”).
Shimen
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 石門 (Shímén).
stoichedon
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek στοιχηδόν (stoikhēdón, “in a row”), from στοῖχος (stoîkhos, “row”) + -ηδον (-ēdon, adverbial suffix).
Miyasawa
Borrowed from Japanese 宮沢 (Miyasawa).
Saruwatari
Borrowed from Japanese 猿渡 (Saruwatari).
Yucunicoco
Borrowed from Spanish Yucunicoco, from a Mixtec language.
Oyama
Borrowed from Japanese 小山 (Oyama), 尾山 (Oyama) or 大山 (Ōyama).
Buddha Jumps Over the Wall
Calque of Chinese 佛跳牆 /佛跳墙 (fótiàoqiáng).
Bilu
From Hebrew ביל״ו, an acronym based on a verse from the Book of Isaiah (2:5): "בית יעקב לכו ונלכה" ("House of Jacob, let us go [up]").
octapody
From octa- + -pody, from Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ, “eight”) and πούς, ποδός (poús, podós, “foot”).
Samejima
Borrowed from Japanese 鮫島 (Samejima).
Nabeshima
Borrowed from Japanese 鍋島 (Nabeshima).
Sakazaki
Borrowed from Japanese 坂崎 (Sakazaki).
Sakasaki
Borrowed from Japanese 坂崎 (Sakasaki).
Shimahara
Borrowed from Japanese 嶋原 (Shimahara).
Setoguchi
Borrowed from Japanese 瀬戸口 (Setoguchi).
Setogawa
Borrowed from Japanese 瀬戸川 (Setogawa).
stygo-
From Ancient Greek Στύξ (Stúx, stem styg-), boundary river of the Underworld.
Laomei
From Mandarin 老梅 (Lǎoméi).
Jianlu
From Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 尖鹿 (Jiānlù).
Maolin
From Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 茂林 (Màolín).
Caoli
From Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 草里 (Cǎolǐ).
Sanzhi
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 三芝 (Sānzhī).
Amamiya
Borrowed from Japanese 雨宮 (Amamiya).
Amemiya
Borrowed from Japanese 雨宮 (Amemiya).
Washiyama
Borrowed from Japanese 鷲山 (Washiyama).
Kumakura
Borrowed from Japanese 熊倉 (Kumakura).
Kumasawa
Borrowed from Japanese 熊沢 (Kumasawa).
Kumazawa
Borrowed from Japanese 熊沢 (Kumazawa).
Kumagaya
Borrowed from Japanese 熊谷 (Kumagaya).
Kumatani
Borrowed from Japanese 熊谷 (Kumatani).
Sokolsky
Derived from Russian Соко́льский (Sokólʹskij).
Koussevitzky
Derived from Russian Кусеви́цкий (Kusevíckij).
Ushkoff
Derived from Russian Ушко́в (Uškóv).
Naumoff
Derived from Russian Нау́мов (Naúmov).
Stravinsky
Transliteration of Russian Страви́нский (Stravínskij), from Polish Strawiński, from Polish Strawa, from Lithuanian Strėva (river in Lithuania).
Malkoff
Derived from Russian Малко́в (Malkóv) or Russian Малько́в (Malʹkóv).
Malkov
Borrowed from Russian Малко́в (Malkóv) or Russian Малько́в (Malʹkóv).
by Allah
From Arabic الله (allāh, “the deity, God”). Compare by God.
Linkou
From Mandarin 林口 (Línkǒu), Wade–Giles romanization: Lin²-kʻou³.
Kanroji
Borrowed from Japanese 甘露寺 (Kanroji).
Mushakoji
Borrowed from Japanese 武者小路 (Mushakōji).
Saionji
Borrowed from Japanese 西園寺 (Saionji).
Tokudaiji
Borrowed from Japanese 徳大寺 (Tokudaiji).
parachronic
From para- (“alongside”) + chronic, from Ancient Greek χρόνος (khrónos, “time”).
Malda
Borrowed from Bengali মালদা (malda), মালদহ (maldoho).
Hwarang
Borrowed from Korean 화랑(花郞) (Hwarang).
Sadovsky
Derived from Ukrainian Садовський (Sadovsʹkyj).
Levandovsky
Derived from Russian Левандо́вский (Levandóvskij), ultimately from Polish Lewandowski.
nouvelle vague
Unadapted borrowing from French nouvelle vague (literally “new wave”).
Donis
Various origins:
* Borrowed from Catalan Donís, a vernacular form of Dionysius.
* Borrowed from Greek Δώνης (Dónis).
Yangluo
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 陽邏／阳逻 (Yángluó).
Tongyong Pinyin
From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 通用拼音 (Tongyòng Pinyin).
Fangshan
From Mandarin 方山.
From Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 枋山 (Fāngshān).
From Mandarin 房山 (Fángshān).
mesirah
From Hebrew מְסִירָה f (m'sira, “a turning over”).
water of life
Chiefly a calque of Medieval Latin aqua vītae directly and via Scottish Gaelic uisge-beatha and Irish uisce beatha. Compare akvavit, aquavit, aqua vitae, eau de vie, whisky, and whiskey from the same sources. Compare also vodka, whose (borrowed) roots also refer to a special kind of water, as it were.
Bekisar
Borrowed from Javanese bekisar, from Kangean bekisar.
Fongshan
From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 鳳山 (Fòngshan).
Cianjhen
From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 前鎮 (Ciánjhèn).
Nuannuan
From the Mandarin 暖暖 (Nuǎnnuǎn).
yakkha
Borrowed from Pali yakkha or Burmese ယက္ခ (yakhka.).
Siaogang
From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 小港 (Siǎogǎng).
chalcostibite
Derived from Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”) + Ancient Greek στίβι (stíbi, “antimony”) + ite
Cianjin
From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 前金 (Ciánjin).
lapinize
From French lapiniser, apparently attested in French since c. 1910.
booza
Borrowed from Arabic بُوظَة (būẓa), in turn from Ottoman Turkish بوزه (boza).
conflow
From con- + flow. Calque of Latin cōnfluō, apparently coined by Philemon Holland in his translations of Suetonius and Ammianus Marcellinus.
Sinsing
The Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 新興 (Sinsing).
celest
From Latin caelestis (“heavenly”), probably via French céleste, from caelum (“sky, heavens, Heaven”).
ghost driver
Calque of German Geisterfahrer. Equivalent to ghost + driver.
urstromtal
Unadapted borrowing from German Urstromtal, from ur- (prefix meaning ‘original; primitive’) + Strom (“large river; stream”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow; stream”)) + Tal (“valley”) (ultimate etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰól(h₂)os).
The plural form urstromtäler is also an unadapted borrowing from German Urstromtäler.
Chiang-su
From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 江蘇 /江苏 (Jiāngsū, “Jiangning [i.e., Nanjing] and Suzhou”) Wade–Giles romanization: Chiang¹-su¹, from the province's two major cities.
rootless cosmopolitan
Calque of Russian безро́дный космополи́т (bezródnyj kosmopolít).
Bogdania
From Bogdan I of Moldavia, founder of a dynasty, from Proto-Slavic *Bogъdanъ.
nomothetics
Borrowed from Ancient Greek νομοθετικός (nomothetikós).
Mebarak
Borrowed from Arabic مبارك (mubārak, “blessed”).
ill-willing
From Middle English *il-willynge, ill willand, il-willande, equivalent to ill + willing.
extimate
From Latin extimus (“furthest; outermost”) + -ate (adjective-forming suffix), modelled after ultimate. Extimus is the superlative form of exter (“on the outside, external, outer, outward”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out”). Compare intimate.
From extimacy + -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Extimacy is a calque of French extimité (coined by the French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan (1901–1981) in 1959–1960), probably from a blend of French externe (“external”) + intimité (“closeness, intimacy”). The English word can be analysed as a blend of external + intimate.
Ishaq
Borrowed from Arabic إِسْحَاق (ʔisḥāq). Doublet of Isaac.
symphronistic
See sym- and Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “mind”).
Nanzih
From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 楠梓 (Nánzǐh).
metallik
From Ottoman Turkish متالك (metelik, metalik), from French métallique.
thoroughway
From Middle English *thurghwei (attested in plural form thurghweies, thorouȝ-weies, þurȝ-weies), equivalent to thorough- + way. Doublet of throughway.
rhyolithic
From German Rhyolith (“rhyolite”) + -ic, presumably under influence from -lithic.
neros
From Ancient Greek νῆρος (nêros), from Akkadian 𒐞 (nēr).
ghawa syndrome
Named after the resyllabification of dialectal Arabic قَهْوَة (gahwa, “coffee”) as قْهَوَة (ghawa), which is the prototypical example of the phenomenon.
Gershengorn
From Russian Гершенгорн (Geršengorn), from German Herschenhorn.
systasis
From post-classical Latin systasis, and its source, Ancient Greek σύστασις (sústasis, “composition, construction”), from συν- (sun-, “syn-”) + στάσις (stásis, “stasis”).
Reminiscere
From Latin Reminiscere (“Remember!”), the beginning of the day's introit.
Reminiscere Sunday
From Latin Reminiscere (“Remember!”), the beginning of the introit of the day's mass, traditionally drawn from Latin translations of Psalm 25.
Quadragesima Sunday
From Latin Quadragesima (“Lent”), q.v.
realschule
From German Realschule, from real (“real”) + Schule (“school”), from the view that classical education at Gymnasia was not fit for the real world.
real school
Calque of German Realschule, from real (“real”) + Schule (“school”), from the view that classical education at Gymnasia was not fit for the real world.
Oculi Sunday
From Latin oculi (“eyes”), from the 1st word of the introit of the day's mass, traditionally a Latin translation of Psalm 25:15.
language area
Calque of German Sprachraum, Sprachgebiet, and/or Dutch taalgebied.
ramune
Borrowed from Japanese ラムネ (ramune). Doublet of lemonade.
synthronon
From Ancient Greek σύνθρονον (súnthronon).
Wywoda
From Czech vývoda or Polish wojewoda, both from Proto-Slavic *vojevoda. Less likely, from wywód.
zindan
Borrowed from Russian зинда́н (zindán), from Classical Persian زِنْدَان (zindān).
PSUV
Borrowed from Spanish PSUV (“Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela”).
pyloro-
From Latin pylōrus, from Ancient Greek πυλωρός (pulōrós, “gatekeeper”), from πύλη (púlē, “door, gate”) + οὖρος (oûros, “guard”) + -o-.
shvartze
Borrowed from Yiddish שוואַרצע (shvartse), feminine and plural form of שוואַרץ (shvarts, “black”). The generalization of the form was likely reinforced by the frequent use referring to black female domestic workers, although forms in -e/-a and -er would have merged in any case in a non-rhotic accent such as New York English. The context of domestic workers may also be that in which the word received a derogatory connotation, which of course it did not originally have (cf. German Schwarzer, the politically correct term for “black person”). Doublet of swart.
shvartzer
Borrowed from Yiddish שוואַרצער (shvartser), nominative masculine singular form of שוואַרץ (shvarts, “black”).
shvantz
Borrowed from Yiddish שוואַנץ (shvants, “tail, penis”).
Hedeby
From Danish Hedeby, from Old Norse Heiða-býr (literally “heath-settlement”).
katwa
Borrowed from Hindi कटुआ (kaṭuā), derived from Hindi काटना (kāṭnā, “to cut”), referring to the Muslim practice of circumcision. Compare with Konkani कापो (kāpo).
Fruhwirth
From German Frühwirth, a common surname in Austria. From früh (“early”) + Wirth (deprecated spelling of Wirt (host)).
Mahjar
From Arabic الْمَهْجَر (al-mahjar).
Mahjari
From Arabic مَهْجَرِيّ (mahjariyy).
Agdam
From Azerbaijani Ağdam and Russian Агда́м (Agdám).
Surmiran
Borrowed from Romansh surmiran, from the region Surmeir in Albula Valley. The placename is interpreted to mean "above the wall," from sur (“above”) (a derivative of Latin supra (“above”)) + meir (“wall”) (from Latin murus). There is no corresponding Swiss German name, which instead uses Mittelbünden.
one-footed
From Middle English on-foted, onfotyd, o-foted, o fotyd, equivalent to one + footed. Compare Old English ānfēte (“one-footed”).
Sylhet
Borrowed from Bengali সিলেট (śileṭ), from earlier Middle Bengali সিলহট, সিরহট (silhôṭ, sirhôṭ), itself a semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit শ্রীহট্ট (śrīhaṭṭa, “Beautiful Market”).
Xochapa
Borrowed from Spanish Xochapa, from a Nahuan language (equivalent to Classical Nahuatl xōchitl (“flower”) + āpan (“river”)), calqued from a Mixtec language, e.g. Alcozauca Mixtec I̱ta Ita (literally “flower river”).
foraminate
Borrowed from Late Latin forāminātus, from forāmen + -ātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).
paraphrasis
From Latin paraphrasis, from Ancient Greek παράφρασις (paráphrasis). Compare periphrasis.
haskap
Borrowed from Ainu ハㇱカプ (haskap, “honeyberry, blue honeysuckle”).
tambak
From Javanese ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦏ꧀ (tambak).
San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo
Calque of Spanish amuzgo de San Pedro Amuzgos.
quindecimvir
From Latin quīndecimvir, from quindecim (“fifteen”) + vir (“man”).
quattuorviral
Learned borrowing from Latin quattuorvirālis. By surface analysis, quattuorvir + -al.
novemvirate
From Latin novemvirātus, from novemvir + -ātus. By surface analysis, novemvir + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, a group of people performing it)
quindecimvirate
From Latin quīndecimvirātus, from quīndecimvirī (“quinquevirs”) + -ātus (“-ate”).
Kotlin
Named after Kotlin Island (Russian Ко́тлин (Kótlin)), near St. Petersburg, by analogy to the related language Java, whose name ultimately comes from an Indonesian island.
Yastrebov
Derived from Russian Я́стребов (Jástrebov).
isapostle
From Ancient Greek ἰσαπόστολος (isapóstolos).
tapho-
From Ancient Greek τάφος (táphos, “burial, grave, tomb”). Doublet of -taph.