MarcusBennevall/EtymologyTaggerDataset huggingface dataset:
righteous
From earlier rightuous, rightwose, rightwos, rightwise, from Middle English rightwise, rightwis, from Old English rihtwīs (“righteous, just”), corresponding to right + -wise (with assimilation of second element to -ous), or to right + wise (“way, manner”). Cognate with Scots richtwis (“righteous”), Old High German rehtwīsic (“righteous, just”), Icelandic réttvíss (“righteous, just”). Compare also thefteous, mighteous.
jetty
The noun is derived from Late Middle English gete, jette, jetti (“projecting upper storey of a building, overhang; breakwater, pier, jetty”), from Anglo-Norman geté, getee, getté, and Middle French geté, getee, jeté (“projecting upper storey of a building; breakwater, pier”) (modern French jetée), a noun use of the past participle of geter, jeter, from Old French geter, jeter (“to throw”) from Late Latin iectāre, the present active infinitive of iectō (“to throw”), probably from Latin iactō (“to cast, hurl, throw”), from iaciō (“to cast, hurl, throw”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)) + -tō (frequentative suffix). Compare jet (“(obsolete) protruding part”), jutty.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Barnaby
* English surname of Aramaic origin, from בַּר נְבִיָּא (bar nəḇiyyā, literally “prophet’s son”).
* Also as an English surname, from Old English Beornwald, from beorn (“young warrior”) + wealdan (“rule”) + Old Norse býr (“farmstead”).
uproar
Calque of Dutch oproer or German Aufruhr, as up + roar.
PV
Abbreviation.
* Sense "promotional video" is a borrowing from Japanese PV (PV, “promotional video”), from English promotional + video.
upstart
From Middle English upstarten, upsterten, equivalent to up- + start.
passacaglia
Borrowed from Italian passacaglia, from Spanish pasacalle, from pasar (“to pass”) + calle (“street”).
alethiology
From Ancient Greek ἀλήθεια (alḗtheia, “truth”) + -λογία (-logía).
andragogy
From andr- + -agogy, after German Andragogik.
Manche
Borrowed from French Manche.
Borrowed from French manche. Doublet of maunch.
uptake
From Middle English uptaken (“to take up, lift”), partial calque of earlier Middle English upnimen (“to take up, lift”), equivalent to up- + take. Compare Swedish upptaga, uppta (“to take up”).
in a nutshell
Calque of New Latin in nuce, derived from an anecdote in Pliny the Elder, who ascribes to Cicero the claim that the whole Iliad was once written on parchment and enclosed within a nutshell (Naturalis Historia 7.21.85).
Compare typologically Czech stručný, stručně (< struk).
toluene
Etymology tree
German Tolu
German Toluinder.
English toluene
From German Toluin, from Tolu (Tolú) where it was first distilled.
lamentable
From Middle English lamentable, from Middle French lamentable, from Latin lāmentābilis (“full of sorrow, mournful; deplorable”), from lāmentor (“lament”), from lāmenta (“wailing, weeping”). By surface analysis, lament + -able.
lichen
Borrowed from Latin līchēn, from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn), from λείχω (leíkhō, “to lick”). Originally used of liverwort; the modern sense first recorded 1715.
valerian
From Old French valeriane or Medieval Latin valeriāna, a reinterpretation of what is found as German Baldrian after valēre (“to be powerful”) or also the gentilic name Valerius, which is seemingly borrowed in the Dark Age period from the late 6ᵗʰ to early 8ᵗʰ century from Turkic or Proto-Mongolic, when the Pannonian Avars were direct neighbours to the Germans, notably also present in Hungarian bojtorján (“burdock”), ultimately from Proto-Mongolic, reflected as
Middle Mongol ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ (balčirɣan-a, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix ᠭᠠᠨᠠ (-ɣana),
Mongolian балчиргана (balčirgana, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as балчир (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix -гана (-gana).
See Ottoman Turkish بالدران (baldıran, “hemlock”) for Turkic cognates.
Ural
From Russian Ура́л (Urál), most likely from either Bashkir үр (ür, “elevation; upland”) or Mansi (Northern Mansi ур ала (ur ala, “mountain peak”)).
urbanity
From Middle English urbanitie, from Middle French urbanité, from Latin urbānitās, from urbānus (“belonging to a city”), with a sense of "having the manners of townspeople" in Classical Latin, from urbs (“city”); equivalent to urbane + -ity (sense 1) and urban + -ity (sense 2).
radish
PIE word
 *wréh₂ds
From Middle English radiche, from Old English rǣdiċ, from Proto-West Germanic *rādik, borrowed from Latin rādīcem (“root of a plant; radish”); later influenced by Anglo-Norman radich and Middle French radice, borrowed from Italian radice, from the same Latin source. Doublet of radix.
bailiff
From Middle English baillif, baylyf, from Anglo-Norman and Old French bailif (plural bailis), probably from Vulgar Latin *bāiulivus (“castellan”), from Latin bāiulus (“porter; steward”), whence also bail. As a translation of foreign titles, semantic loan from French bailli, Scots bailie, Dutch baljuw, etc. Mostly replaced the role of native reeve. Doublet of bailo.
hendiadys
From Medieval Latin, from Ancient Greek ἕν (hén), stem of εἷς (heîs, “one”) + διά (diá, “through”) + δύο (dúo, “two”), “one [idea] through two [words]”.
residue
From Middle English residue, from Old French residu, from Latin residuum, neuter of residuus (“remaining”), from resideō (“to remain behind”). Doublet of residuum.
hubbub
In early use, the noun is often mentioned as a cry by Irish people, and so is possibly borrowed from Irish; compare Irish ababú, abú (“used as a battle cry”), and Scottish Gaelic ub, ub, ubub (“used to express contempt, etc.”), ubh ubh (“used to express disgust”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Moran
* As an Irish surname, an anglicisation of Ó Móráin, from Ó (“descendant”) and Móráin (“of Mórán”), from mór (“large, great”).
* Also as an Irish surname, from Ó Moghráin, Ó Mughróin (“descendant of Mughrón”), personal name from mogh (“slave”) + rón (“seal”). Sometimes also shortened from McMorran, of the same meaning.
* As an English surname, variant of Morrin.
* As a Spanish surname, variant of Morán.
* As a French surname, variant of Morin.
* Variant of the English and French surname Morant.
Borrowed from Maasai il-múrràn (“warriors”).
gau
From either Hokkien 厚 (kāu, “thick”) or Teochew 厚 (gao⁶, “thick”), influenced in spelling by Mandarin Pinyin.
From German Gau, from Middle High German göu, gou, from Old High German gawi.
Two main origins:
* Borrowed from German Gau, a habitational surname.
* A variant of Gao, a surname of Chinese origin.
ivory tower
Calque of French tour d'ivoire, based on a biblical phrase, coined by Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve to compare the poet Alfred de Vigny (more isolated) with Victor Hugo (more socially engaged).
First attested in English in a translation of Laughter by French philosopher Henri Bergson (1911). The term was popularized in The Ivory Tower (1917) by Henry James, though used in different sense (millionaires, not professors).
ruffle
From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.
cosmonaut
Borrowed from Russian космона́вт (kosmonávt), from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “universe”) + ναύτης (naútēs, “sailor”). By surface analysis, cosmo- + -naut.
hostelry
From Middle English hostelerie, from Middle French hostellerie, from Old French hostelerie, ostelerie; by surface analysis, hostel + -ry.
hostler
From Middle English hostiler, from Middle French hostiler, from Old French hostelier, from Medieval Latin hostilārius, hospitālārius, from hospitāle "inn", from hospitālis "hospitable", from hospes "host, guest". Both hostler and its alternative form ostler originally meant simply "innkeeper", and acquired a specific association with horses in the second half of the 14th century. Doublet of hosteler and hotelier.
hypnosis
From modern scholarly Ancient Greek ὕπνωσις (húpnōsis), which formation closes the derivational gap between the ancient words ὑπνόω (hupnóō, “I put to sleep”) and ὑπνωτικός (hupnōtikós, “sleep-inducing, soporific”). Ultimately traces back to ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).
urinous
From Latin ūrīnōsus. By surface analysis, urine + -ous.
uro-
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers-der.
Ancient Greek οὐρέω (ouréō)
Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron)der.
English uro-
From Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron).
From New Latin, from Ancient Greek οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).
comice
Borrowed from French comice, ellipsis of [Doyenne du] Comice (“[Dean of the] Show”), from comice agricole (“agricultural show”).
inopportune
From Latin inopportūnus. By surface analysis, in- + opportune.
hue and cry
From Middle English heu and cri, from the Anglo-Norman legal phrase hu e cri.
malarkey
Of unknown origin; the word was popularized by the Irish-American cartoonist Thomas Aloysius (“Tad”) Dorgan (1877–1929), who started using it in cartoons on March 9, 1922.
Maybe from Irish mallachtóireacht or Greek μαλακίες (malakíes)
ureter
From Ancient Greek οὐρητήρ (ourētḗr).
meatus
Learned borrowing from Latin meātus (“a going, passing; a way, path, passage”).
diagnostic
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwísder.
Ancient Greek διά (diá)
Ancient Greek δῐᾰ- (dĭă-)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti
Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱétider.
Proto-Hellenic *gignṓskō
Ancient Greek γῐγνώσκω (gĭgnṓskō)
Ancient Greek δῐαγῐγνώσκω (dĭagĭgnṓskō)
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Ancient Greek -τις (-tis)
Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs)
Ancient Greek δῐᾰ́γνωσῐς (dĭắgnōsĭs)
▲
Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs)
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Ancient Greek -κός (-kós)
?
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Ancient Greek -τος (-tos)
▲
Ancient Greek -κός (-kós)
?
Ancient Greek -τῐκός (-tĭkós)
▲
Ancient Greek δῐᾰ- (dĭă-)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃tisder.
Ancient Greek γνῶσῐς (gnôsĭs)
▲
Ancient Greek -τῐκός (-tĭkós)
Ancient Greek γνωστῐκός (gnōstĭkós)
Ancient Greek δῐαγνωστῐκός (dĭagnōstĭkós)bor.
English diagnostic
From Ancient Greek διαγνωστικός (diagnōstikós), adjective from διαγιγνώσκω (diagignṓskō, “to distinguish, diagnose”).
usher
From Middle English ussher, uscher, usscher, from Anglo-Norman usser and Old French ussier, uissier (“porter, doorman”) (compare French huissier), from Vulgar Latin *ustiārius (“doorkeeper”), from Latin ōstiārius, from ōstium (“door”). Akin to ōs (“mouth”). Probably a doublet of ostiary and huissier.
nabla
From Latin nabla, from Ancient Greek νάβλα (nábla, “Phoenician harp”), from ancient Hebrew נֵבֶל (nḗḇel) or a Phoenician cognate. Doublet of nebel, which comes via the modern Hebrew נֵ֤בֶל.
Derek
Borrowed in the Middle Ages from a Middle Low German variant of Theodoric, and revived in the 19th century.
tablecloth
From Middle English tabyllcloth, table cloth, tabylle clothe, a partial translation of earlier Middle English bord cloth, bordcloth (“tablecloth”), from Old English bordclāþ, equivalent to table + cloth.
maim
From Middle English maymen, mahaymen, from Anglo-Norman maheimer, mahaigner, of Germanic origin; see mayhem.
acroamatic
Borrowed from Latin acroamaticus, acroaticus (“esoteric”), at first chiefly in reference to the “esoteric” and originally oral teachings of Aristotle, from Ancient Greek ἀκροαματικός (akroamatikós, “for hearing only; esoteric”), from ἀκροάομαι (akroáomai, “to listen”).
reproach
From Middle English reprochen, from Old French reprochier (Modern French reprocher).
rouse
From Middle English rousen, from Anglo-Norman reuser, ruser, originally used in English of hawks shaking the feathers of the body, from Latin recūsō, by loss of the medial 'c.' Doublet of recuse.
Figurative meaning “to stir up, provoke to activity” is from 1580s; that of “awaken” is first recorded 1590s.
* As an English surname, from Middle English and Anglo-Norman rous (“red-haired”), from Latin russus.
* As a German surname, Americanized from Raus.
* As a northern French and Walloon surname Rousé, variant of Rosé, Rose.
reporter
From Middle English reportour, from Old French reporteur; equivalent to report + -er.
resentment
From resent + -ment, after Middle French and French ressentiment (in Old French as recentement), from an archaic usage of the verb ressentir via Old French sentir, from Latin sentiō, sentīre (“to feel”). Compare Italian risentimento, Portuguese ressentimento, and Spanish resentimiento. Doublet of resentiment and ressentiment, the former attested slightly earlier.
schnozzle
Probably from Yiddish שנויץ (shnoyts, “snout”), cognate to German Schnauze (“snout, muzzle”) and English snout. The Oxford English Dictionary suggests the word may be pseudo-Yiddish coined in English. Attested since 1930.
jeet
A clipping of pajeet (“a derogatory and offensive slur for Indian people”), the second part of which is derived from Hindi जीत (jīt, “a victory, a win”). Etymology 2 sense 2 likely stems from the fact that Indian posters were perceived as promoting low circulation cryptocurrencies towards the members of 4chan's /biz/ board and immediately selling their stakes as soon as their price experienced a downturn.
negotiatrix
Learned borrowing from Latin negōtiātrīx. By surface analysis, negotiate + -trix.
guerrilla
Borrowed from Spanish guerrilla, diminutive of guerra (“war”), coined during the Peninsular War.
eloquent
From Old French eloquent, from Latin eloquens (“speaking, having the faculty of speech, eloquent”), present participle of eloquor (“to speak out”), from e (“out”) + loquor (“to speak”).
fey
From Middle English feye (“fated to die”), from Old English fǣġe (“doomed to die, timid”), from Proto-West Germanic *faigī, from Proto-Germanic *faigijaz (“cowardly, wicked”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyk- (“ill-meaning, bad”).
Akin to Old Saxon fēgi, whence Dutch veeg (“doomed, near death”), Old High German feigi (“appointed for death, ungodly”) whence German feige (“cowardly”), Old Norse feigr (“doomed”) whence the Icelandic feigur (“doomed to die”), Old English fāh (“outlawed, hostile”). More at foe.
From Middle English faie, fei (“a place or person possessed with magical properties”), from Middle French feie, fee (“fairy", "fae”), from Old French fae, from Medieval Latin fāda. More at fairy.
Inherited from Middle English feien (“to cleanse”), from Old Norse fægja (“to cleanse, polish”), from Proto-Germanic *fēgijaną (“to decorate, make beautiful”), from Proto-Indo-European *pōḱ-, *pēḱ- (“to clean, adorn”). Cognate with Swedish feja (“to sweep”), Danish feje (“to sweep”), German fegen (“to cleanse, scour, sweep”), Dutch vegen (“to sweep, strike”). More at feague, fake, fair.
retrospective
From retrospect + -ive. From Latin retrōspectus, perfect passive participle of retrōspiciō (“to look back at”).
retrogress
From Latin retrōgressus, perfect active participle of retrōgradior (“retrograde”).
mallemaroking
Generally considered to derive from Dutch, although a specific etymon is unclear. Century and some other old dictionaries derive it from a confusion of two similar Dutch words, namely *mallemerok (“foolish woman”) (from malle (“foolish”) + *marok, from French marotte (“jester's sceptre”)) and *mallemok (“sailor of a whaling vessel”), but the first of those words is not attested, and the second is not attested with the claimed meaning (but see mollymawk). Compare mallemolen.
smoked
From Middle English smoked, y-smoked, equivalent to smoke + -ed.
smoking
From Middle English smokynge, smokiende, from Old English smociende (“smoking”), from Proto-Germanic *smukōndz (“emitting smoke, smoking”), equivalent to smoke + -ing.
From Middle English smokyng, smokynge, equivalent to smoke + -ing.
throughout
From Old English þurh ūt, equivalent to through + out. Compare German durchaus (“all the way, fully, absolutely”).
turbulent
From Middle English turbulent, from Middle French turbulent, from Latin turbulentus, from turba (“disorder, tumult, crowd”).
respiration
From Middle English respiracioun, borrowed from Latin respīrātiō, respīrātiōnem.
Ashley
From Old English *Æsċlēah, composed of æsċ (“ash tree”) + lēah (“wood, clearing”). Equivalent to Ash + -ley.
pander
From Middle English pandare, from Chaucer’s character Pandare (in Troilus and Criseyde; see also Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida), from Italian Pandaro (found in Boccaccio), from Latin Pandarus (found in Greek mythology), from Ancient Greek Πάνδαρος (Pándaros).
shiksa
From Yiddish שיקסע (shikse), which is partly derived from the Hebrew שֶׁקֶץ (šeqeṣ, “abomination, impure, object of loathing”).
bouquet garni
Borrowed from French bouquet garni (literally “garnished bouquet”).
garam masala
From Hindi गरम मसाला (garam masālā, “hot spice”).
inseminate
From Latin inseminatus, past participle of inseminare (“to sow”). See seminate.
persecution
Equivalent to persecute + -ion. From Middle English persecucioun, from Old French persecucion, from Ecclesiastical Latin persecūtio (“persecution; chase, pursuit”), from Latin persequor (“follow up, pursue”), from per- (“through”) + sequor (“follow”). Displaced native Old English ēhtnes.
persecute
Borrowed from Middle French persécuter, from Ecclesiastical Latin persecutor, from Latin persequor, persecutus (“follow up, pursue”), from per- (“through”) + sequor (“follow”) (English sequel). Compare prosecute. Cf. also pursue.
toucher
From Middle English toucher, equivalent to touch + -er. Sense 3 is derived from the sense of touching someone for money.
beforehand
From Middle English biforhand, biforhond, beforehonde, bifornhand, equivalent to before + hand. [13th century. After Old French avant main].
riven
From Middle English riven, past participle of rive (“to rive”). Compare Old Norse rifinn, past participle of Old Norse rífa (“to pick, scratch, rive”).
dissident
From Latin dissidēns, present participle of dissideō (“to sit apart; to disagree”), from dis- (“asunder, apart, in two”) + sedeō (“to sit”).
literal
From Middle English literal, from Old French literal, from Late Latin litteralis or literalis (“of or pertaining to letters or to writing”), from Latin littera or litera (“a letter”). See letter.
tosh
From 19th-century British slang tosheroon, from or alongside tusheroon, of uncertain derivation from British slang caroon (“crown, a 5-shilling silver coin”), from Sabir and (originally) Italian corona (“crown”). The term was either derived from or influenced by madza caroon, the British slang for the Sabir and Italian mezzo corona (“half-crown”), possibly under influence from tosh (“copper items; valuables”) above or from the half-crown's value of two shillings & sixpence.
From Yiddish טאהש (Tosh), from Hebrew טאהש (Tash).
incessant
From Late Middle English incessaunte, from Late Latin incessāns, incessantem, from Latin in- + cessāns.
PSA
From French PSA, initialism of Peugeot S.A. (société anonyme (“public limited company”)).
rocket-propelled grenade
A backronym, from the acronym RPG, which derives from Russian РПГ (RPG); see RPG for more.
emission
First attested in 1607. From Middle French émission, from Latin ēmissiō (“sending forth”), from ēmittō (“send out”), from ex (“from, out of”) + mittō (“send”).
Borrowed from French émission.
saler
From Middle English salar, saler, salere, saller, salure, seler, from Old French saler, salere, salier and Medieval Latin salare, from Latin sāl (“salt”).
woodruff
From Old English wudurofe, from wudu (“wood”) + rofe, of uncertain meaning and origin.
cilantro
From Spanish cilantro, possibly from an unattested regional Vulgar Latin variant (with a front vowel) of Late Latin coliandrum, from Latin coriandrum (“coriander”). Doublet of coriander and culantro.
borage
From Middle English borage, borrowed from Old French borage (compare French bourrache), from Medieval Latin borrago, either from Latin borra (“short wool, rough hair”) or Arabic أَبُو العَرَق (ʔabū l-ʕaraq, literally “father of sweat”).
fidelity
15th century, from Middle English [Term?], from Middle French fidélité, from Latin fidēlitās, from fidēlis (“faithful”), from fidēs (“faith, loyalty”) (English faith), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰidʰ-, zero-grade of *bʰeydʰ- (“to command, to persuade, to trust”) (English bide). Doublet of fealty.
taffeta
From Late Middle English, from Old French taffetas, from Medieval Latin taffata, from Classical Persian تافته (tāfta), from تافتن (tāftan).
unto
Inherited from Middle English unto, from Old English *untō, *und tō, equivalent to un- (“against; toward; up to”) + to. Cognate with Old Frisian ont to ("until"; > Saterland Frisian antou (“until”)) (cf. Old Frisian und (“up to; till”), Old Frisian til (“till; to”)), Old Saxon untō, untuo (“until”), Old High German unze, unzi, unza (“until”), Old Norse und (“as far as; up to”), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 (untē, “until; as long as”).
infra dig
Shortened form of Latin infrā dignitātem (literally “beneath [one's] dignity”).
greasy
From Middle English gresi, gressy, equivalent to grease + -y.
precipitation
From Middle French précipitation, from Latin praecipitātiō, praecipitātiōnem. By surface analysis, precipitate + -ion.
humidity
From Middle English humidite, borrowed from Old French humidité, from Medieval Latin hūmiditās, from Latin ūmidus (“damp, moist, wet”). By surface analysis, humid + -ity.
Beograd
From Serbo-Croatian Бео̀град (Beògrad), from Ekavian Serbo-Croatian бе̏о (“white”) + гра̑д (“city”). Doublet of Belgrade, Berat, and Belgorod.
hacking
From Middle English *hackynge, hackande, hakand, equivalent to hack + -ing.
From Middle English hackynge, hakkynge, hacckinge, equivalent to hack + -ing.
Aristotle
Via Latin Aristotelēs from Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).
jeremiad
From French jérémiade, from Jérémie, from Latin Ieremias, from Hebrew ירמיה (yirm'yá, “Jeremiah”). Named after biblical prophet Jeremiah, who lamented the moral state of Judah and predicted her downfall.
Gaw
From Scottish Gaelic gall (“foreigner or stranger”), meaning:
* (Ireland) a person from Wales or England who immigrated after the Norman invasion, or
* (Scotland) a person from Scandinavia or the English-speaking lowlands.
From Middle English gowen (“to stare”), from Old Norse gá.
caecum
Borrowed from Latin caecum (“invisible, hidden”), clipping of intestīnum caecum (“blind gut”), translation of Ancient Greek τῠφλὸν ἔντερον (tŭphlòn énteron).
packet
From Middle English pacquet; either from Middle French pacquet, or formed independently from pak and -et.
jejunum
Borrowed from Latin iēiūnum, neuter of iēiūnus.
caca
From cack (“to defecate in (one's clothes), crap one's pants”), or from Middle English cakken, from Old English *cacian, from Old English cac (“dung; excrement”); either way, ultimately from Latin cacare (“to shit, defecate”).
Cognate with English cack. Compare Latin cacō (“to defecate”), French caca (“excrement”), Basque kaka (“excrement”), Lithuanian kaka (“excrement”), Hungarian kaka (“excrement”), Italian cacca, Ancient Greek κάκκη (kákkē, “dung”), German kacken, Irish cac, Welsh cach, Cornish caugh, Breton cac'h, Aromanian cac, Scottish Gaelic cac, Romanian căca, Spanish caca (“excrement”).
ch
Apheretic form of ich or utch, ultimately from Old English iċ (“I”). Compare Dutch 'k, an apheretic variant of ik (“I”). More at ich, I.
capstan
Borrowed into Middle English from either Old French cabestan, from Old Occitan cabestan, from cabestre (“pulley cord”) or from Spanish cabestran, both of which derive from Latin capistrum (“halter”), from capiō (“take hold of”).
haya
From Spanish haya, from Old Spanish haya, from Latin [materia] fāgea (“hay wood”).
rebuff
From obsolete French rebuffer, from Middle French rebuffer (compare French rebiffer (“to rise up, revolt”)), from Italian ribuffare.
small intestine
From small + intestine, perhaps a partial calque of Middle English smaltharm, smaleþarm, from Old English smælþearme (“lower gut, small intestine”, literally “small tharm”).
psychro-
From Ancient Greek ψυχρός (psukhrós, “cold, frozen”).
ullage
From Middle English ulage, from Anglo-Norman ulliage, from *ullier (“to fill a partially empty cask”), from Old French oel (“bunghole”, literally “eye”), from Latin oculus (“eye”). See French ouillage.
NMS
Borrowed from Romanian NMS (“Nava Majestăţii Sale”). Literally, “HMS” (His/Her Majesty's Ship).