KHUMAN SINGH versus STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
[2019] 11 S.C.R. 270, Supreme Court of India, 2019
Outcome: Case Partly allowed (Granted)
Segment: Ratio
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SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[2019] 11 S.C.R.
KHUMAN SINGH
v.
STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
(Criminal Appeal No. 1283 of 2019)
AUGUST 27, 2019
[R. BANUMATHI AND A. S. BOPANNA, JJ.]
Penal Code, 1860 – s.302 – Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 – s.3(2)(v) – Murder –
Prosecution case that when victim was cultivating the field and
grazing his cattle, appellant-accused came to the field of the victim
and left his buffaloes for grazing – In a wordy altercation, the
appellant hit the victim on his head with an axe due to which victim
fell down and later succumbed to injuries – FIR was registered
against the appellant u/s. 302 IPC and u/s. 3(2)(v) of the SC/
ST(Prevention of Atrocities) Act – Trial Court convicted appellant
under the said sections of the Act and sentenced him life
imprisonment – High Court affirmed the conviction – On appeal,
held: In the instant case, the appellant and deceased exchanged
wordy abuses on which, appellant gave deceased blows on his head
causing six head injuries – Where the occurrence took place
suddenly and there was no premeditation on the part of the accused,
it falls under Exception 4 to s. 300 IPC – Therefore, conviction of
appellant u/s.302 IPC is modified as conviction u/s. 304 Part-II
IPC – Insofar as conviction under SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities)
Act is concerned, from the evidence and other materials on record,
there is nothing to suggest that the offence was committed by the
appellant only
because the deceased belonged to a Scheduled Caste
– Thus, conviction u/s. 3(2)(v) of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities)
Act is not sustainable.
Partly allowing the appeal, the Court
HELD: 1. The entire incident was in a sudden fight in which
the appellant-accused caused head injuries on the deceased with
an axe. There was no prior deliberation or determination to fight.
The sudden quarrel arose between the parties due to trivial issue
of grazing the buffaloes of the appellant for which, the deceased
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raised objection. In a sudden fight, the appellant had inflicted
blows on the head of the deceased with an axe which caused six
head injuries. Though the weapon used by the appellant was axe
and the injuries were inflicted on the vital part of the body viz.
head, knowledge is attributable to the appellant-accused that the
injuries are likely to cause death. Considering the fact that the
occurrence was in a sudden fight, in our view, the occurrence
would fall under Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC. The conviction
of the appellant-accused under Section 302 IPC is therefore to
be modified as conviction under Section 304 Part II IPC. [Para
10] [275-D-F]
2. The next question falling for consideration is whether
the conviction under Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act can be sustained?
Deceased belongs to “Khangar” Caste and in a wordy altercation,
appellant-accused is said to have called the deceased by his caste
name “Khangar” and attacked him with an axe. Calling of the
deceased by his Caste name is admittedly in the field when there
was a sudden quarrel regarding grazing of the buffaloes.
[Para 11] [275-G-H]
3. The object of Section 3(2)(v) of the Act is to provide for
enhanced punishment with regard to the offences under the Indian
Penal Code punishable with imprisonment for a term of ten years
or more against a person or property knowing that the victim is a
member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled
Tribe. In the
present case, the fact that the deceased was belonging to
“Khangar”-Scheduled Caste is not disputed. There is no evidence
to show that the offence was committed only on the ground that
the victim was a member of the Scheduled Caste and therefore,
the conviction of the appellant-accused under Section 3(2)(v) of
the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of
Atrocities) Act is not sustainable. [Paras 12, 13] [276-F; 277-B-
C]
Dinesh alias Buddha v. State of Rajasthan (2006) 3 SCC
771 : [2006] 2 SCR 793 – relied on.
Case Law Reference
[2006] 2 SCR 793
relied on
Para 13
KHUMAN SINGH v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
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SUPREME COURT REPORTS
[2019] 11 S.C.R.
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal
No. 1283 of 2019.
From the Judgment and Order dated 02.02.2018 of the High Court
M.P. bench at Gwalior in CRA No. 799 of 2006
Dr. J. P. Dhanda, Mrs.Raj Rani Dhanda, Vineet Dhanda, N.A.
Usmani, Advs. for the Appellant.
Ms. Pragati Neekhra, AAG, Ms. Kaveri Vats, Rahul Kaushik,
Advs. for the Respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
R. BANUMATHI, J.
Leave granted.
2. This appeal arises out of the judgment dated 02.02.2018 in
Criminal Appeal No.799 of 2006 passed by the High Court of Madhya
Pradesh at Gwalior Bench in and by which the High Court affirmed the
conviction of the appellant-accused under Section 302 IPC and under
Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention
of Atrocities) Act, 1989 and the sentence of life imprisonment imposed
upon him.
3. Brief facts which led to filing of this appeal are as under:-
On 14.08.2005 at about 11:00 AM, complainant-Rajaram (PW-1)
along with his brother Raghuveer (PW-2), deceased Veer Singh and
relative Badam Singh (PW-7) had gone to cultivate the fields and for
grazing their cattle.  When deceased Veer Singh was cultivating the
field and others were grazing the cattle, appellant-accused Khuman Singh
came to the field of deceased Veer Singh and left his buffaloes for grazing.
Deceased Veer Singh objected to it and drove the buffaloes of the
appellant-accused out of his field on which,
appellant became furious
and started abusing and scolding the deceased that how the deceased
who belongs to Khangar Caste could drive away the buffaloes of
Thakurs out of his field.  When deceased objected to it, it is alleged that
the appellant with an intention to kill the deceased, attacked him with an
axe due to which, deceased Veer Singh fell down.  Thereafter, appellant-
accused allegedly gave two-three blows on the head of the deceased
with axe.  On seeing the complainant (PW-1), his brother (PW-2) and
Badam Singh (PW-7) coming, appellant-accused ran away from the
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spot.  Deceased died on the spot itself. Rajaram (PW-1) lodged the
Dehati Nalishi/complaint (Ex.-P1) based on which, FIR in Crime Case
No.306/2005 was registered against the appellant-accused under Section
302 IPC and under Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.  Dr. Pradeep Sharma
(PW-5) had conducted the post-mortem on the dead body of deceased
Veer Singh and found six injuries on his head. PW-5 issued post-mortem
certificate (Ex.P10) opining that the cause of death was shock due to
excessive external and internal bleeding. Upon completion of investigation,
charge sheet was filed against the appellant-accused under Section 302
IPC and under Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.
4. To prove the guilt of the accused, the prosecution examined
three eye witnesses viz. Rajaram (PW-1), Raghuveer (PW-2) and Badam
Singh (PW-7) who have spoken about the occurrence and R.C. Bhoj,
Police Incharge (PW-4), who has recorded Dehati Nalishi (Ex.-P1),
Dr. Pradeep Sharma (PW-5) who has conducted post-mortem on the
dead body of deceased and other witnesses. Upon consideration of
evidence, the trial court held that the prosecution has proved the guilt of
the accused beyond reasonable doubt and vide judgment dated 11.09.2006
convicted the appellant-accused under Section 302 IPC and sentenced
him to undergo life imprisonment. Since the deceased was a Scheduled
Caste,
the appellant-accused was also convicted under Section 3(2)(v)
of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities)
Act and sentenced to undergo life imprisonment along with a fine of
Rs.1,000/-. Being aggrieved, the appellant has preferred appeal before
the High Court.
5. The High Court affirmed the conviction of the appellant-accused
by holding that mere delay in recording the statement of the witnesses
under Section 161 Cr.P.C. is not fatal to the case of prosecution.  After
referring to the evidence of Mohinder Kanwar (PW-9)-Investigating
Officer, the High Court held that there was a communal tension in the
locality and therefore,      PW-9 could not immediately record the statement
of the witnesses and therefore, delay in recording the statement of
witnesses would not affect the case of prosecution. The High Court
also held that the delay in sending the FIR (Ex.-P9) to the Magistrate
cannot be said to be fatal to the case of prosecution. Insofar as the
conviction under Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
KHUMAN SINGH v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
[R. BANUMATHI, J.]
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Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, the High Court held that the
deceased Veer Singh belonged to Khangar Caste which is a Scheduled
Caste and when deceased objected to the act of the appellant-accused
of leaving his cattle in the field of deceased, appellant got furious and
scolded that as the deceased belongs to Khangar Caste, how he could
dare to drive the cattle of a person belonging to Thakur Caste and hence,
the prosecution has proved the commission of the offence under Section
3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of
Atrocities) Act and the sentence of imprisonment imposed upon the
appellant does not call for any interference.
6. We have heard Dr. J.P. Dhanda, learned counsel appearing on
behalf of the appellant and Ms. Pragati Neekhra, learned counsel
appearing for the State of Madhya Pradesh and perused the impugned
judgment, evidence and other materials on record. The point falling for
consideration is whether the conviction of the appellant-accused under
Section 302 IPC and under Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act is sustainable?
7. Rajaram (PW-1) and Raghuveer Singh (PW-2) are the real
brothers of deceased Veer Singh. Badam Singh (PW-7) is the real brother
of the wife of deceased and is not resident of the village where occurrence
took place. PWs 1, 2 and 7 who are eye-witnesses have consistently
stated that on the date
of occurrence-14.08.2005, when deceased Veer
Singh was cultivating the field and they were grazing their buffaloes at
nearby place, at that time, appellant-accused Khuman Singh came there
along with his buffaloes and started grazing his buffaloes at the farmyard
of the field of deceased Veer Singh. When deceased drove the buffaloes
out of his field, the appellant is alleged to have abused the deceased
calling him by his caste “Khangar” as to how he can force away the
buffaloes of “Thakurs”. In a wordy altercation, the appellant-Khuman
Singh hit the deceased on his head with an axe due to which, deceased
fell down and later succumbed to injuries. On considering the evidence
of PWs 1, 2 and 7 who have consistently spoken about the occurrence,
the prosecution has proved that the appellant caused the injuries on the
head of the deceased with an axe.
8. The question falling for consideration is whether the appellant-
accused intentionally caused the death of deceased Veer Singh? The
entire incident occurred when the appellant had taken his buffaloes for
grazing in the field of deceased for which the deceased objected and
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drove all the buffaloes out of his field. It is in these circumstances, the
appellant became furious and abused the deceased and caused injuries
on his head in a sudden fight with axe. There was no premeditation for
the occurrence and because of the grazing of the cattle, in a sudden
fight, the occurrence had taken place.
9. The question to be considered is whether the act of the appellant-
accused would fall under Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC?  Exception 4
to Section 300 IPC can be invoked if death is caused:- (a) without
premeditation; (b) in a sudden fight; (c) without the offender having
taken undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner; and (d)
the fight must have been with the person killed. In the present case, the
appellant-accused and the deceased exchanged wordy abuses on which,
appellant gave the deceased blows on his head causing six head injuries.
Where the occurrence took place suddenly and there was no
premeditation on the part of the accused, it falls under Exception 4 to
Section 300 IPC.
10. As discussed earlier, the entire incident was in a sudden fight
in which the appellant-accused caused head injuries on the deceased
with an axe. There was no prior deliberation or determination to fight.
The sudden quarrel arose between the parties due to trivial issue of
grazing the buffaloes of the appellant for which, the deceased raised
objection. In a sudden fight, the appellant had inflicted blows on the head
of the deceased with an
axe which caused six head injuries. Though the
weapon used by the appellant was axe and the injuries were inflicted on
the vital part of the body viz. head, knowledge is attributable to the
appellant-accused that the injuries are likely to cause death. Considering
the fact that the occurrence was in a sudden fight, in our view, the
occurrence would fall under Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC. The
conviction of the appellant-accused under Section 302 IPC is therefore
to be modified as conviction under Section 304 Part II IPC.
11. The next question falling for consideration is whether the
conviction under Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act can be sustained? Deceased belongs
to “Khangar” Caste and in a wordy altercation, appellant-accused is
said to have called the deceased by his caste name “Khangar” and
attacked him with an axe. Calling of the deceased by his Caste name is
admittedly in the field when there was a sudden quarrel regarding grazing
of the buffaloes.
KHUMAN SINGH v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
[R. BANUMATHI, J.]
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12. From the evidence and other materials on record, there is
nothing to suggest that the offence was committed by the appellant only
because the deceased belonged to a Scheduled Caste. Both the trial
court and the High Court recorded the finding that the appellant-accused
scolded the deceased Veer Singh that he belongs to “Khangar” Caste
and how he could drive away the cattle of the person belonging to
“Thakur” Caste and therefore, the appellant-accused has committed
the offence under Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. Section 3 of the said Act deals
with the punishments for offences of atrocities committed under the
Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities)
Act, 1989. Section 3(2)(v) of the Act reads as under:-
“Section 3 – Punishments for offences of atrocities –
(1) ………
(2) Whoever, not being a member of a Scheduled Caste or a
Schedule Tribe, -
…….
(v) commits any offence under the Indian Penal Code punishable
with imprisonment for a term of ten years or more against a person
or property knowing that such person is a member of a Scheduled
Caste or a Scheduled Tribe or such property belongs to such
member, shall be punishable with imprisonment for life and with
fine”.
The object of Section 3(2)(v) of the Act is to provide for enhanced
punishment with regard to the offences under the Indian Penal Code
punishable with imprisonment
for a term of ten years or more against a
person or property knowing that the victim is a member of a Scheduled
Caste or a Scheduled Tribe.
13. In Dinesh alias Buddha v. State of Rajasthan (2006) 3
SCC 771, the Supreme Court held as under:-
“15. Sine qua non for application of Section 3(2)(v) is that an
offence must have been committed against a person on the ground
that such person is a member of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes. In the instant case no evidence has been led to establish
this requirement. It is not case of the prosecution that the rape
was committed on the victim since she was a member of Scheduled
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Caste.  In the absence of evidence to that effect, Section 3(2)(v)
of the Atrocities Act been applicable then by operation of law, the
sentence would have been imprisonment for life and fine.
As held by the Supreme Court, the offence must be such so as to
attract the offence under Section 3(2)(v) of the Act. The offence must
have been committed against the person on the ground that such person
is a member of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe. In the present
case, the fact that the deceased was belonging to “Khangar”-Scheduled
Caste is not disputed. There is no evidence to show that the offence
was committed only on the ground that the victim was a member of the
Scheduled Caste and therefore, the conviction of the appellant-accused
under Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
(Prevention of Atrocities) Act is not sustainable.
14. Insofar as the conviction under Section 302 IPC is concerned,
as discussed earlier, the conviction of the appellant under Section 302
IPC is modified as conviction under Section 304 Part II IPC. The
appellant-accused has been serving the sentence in jail for more than
twelve years. As per the jail certificate issued by the Superintendent,
Central Jail, Gwalior, the appellant has served the actual sentence in jail
for more than twelve years (as on 04.07.2018) and as on date, he has
served the sentence of more than thirteen years. Considering the facts
and circumstances of the case, for the conviction under
Section 304
Part II IPC, the appellant is sentenced to undergo imprisonment to the
period already undergone.
15. In the result, the conviction of the appellant under Section
3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of
Atrocities) Act is set aside and he is acquitted of the said charge. The
conviction of the appellant under Section 302 IPC is modified as conviction
under Section 304 Part II IPC and is sentenced to undergo imprisonment
to the period already undergone. Accordingly, the appeal is partly allowed
and the appellant is ordered to be released forthwith, if his presence is
not required in any other case.
Ankit Gyan
Appeal partly allowed.
KHUMAN SINGH v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
[R. BANUMATHI, J.]