IMRAT SINGH & ORS. versus STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
[2019] 14 S.C.R. 1047, Supreme Court of India, 2019
Outcome: Appeal(s) allowed (Granted)
Segment: Ratio
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1047
IMRAT SINGH & ORS.
v.
STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
(Criminal Appeal No.480 of 2009)
OCTOBER 24, 2019
[DEEPAK GUPTA AND ANIRUDDHA BOSE, JJ.]
Penal Code, 1860:
ss.148 and 302 r/w. s.149 – Conviction under – By courts
below – Relying mainly on two eye-witnesses viz. PW10 and PW11
– Appeal to Supreme Court – Held: There are many material
contractions in the evidence of PW10 and PW11 – There is absence
of examination of many important witnesses – There is a possibility
of concoction of prosecution story – Investigation also does not
seem to be fair – Therefore, conviction by courts below based on
the testimony of the witnesses was not correct – Accused are liable
to be acquitted.
Allowing the appeal, the Court
HELD: 1.  There are many material contradictions in the
statements of the two witnesses i.e. PW10 and PW11. A doubt is
cast that these witnesses are prepared witnesses who have come
out with a parrot like version as far as the incident itself is
concerned but when it comes to the attending circumstances,
their evidence falls apart and does not withstand the scrutiny of
cross-examination. These witnesses have been improving their
statements with the passage of time.  There is also contradiction
in the statement of these two witnesses as to who informed the
villagers about the death of the deceased. [Paras 5, 10] [1050-F;
1052-G]
2. The manner in which the site plan was prepared clearly
indicates that the investigation was not a fair investigation.
[Para 12]
[1053-D]
3. The versions of PW15 and that of PW10 are totally
different. This casts a serious doubt on the prosecution story.
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Another factor is that a number of very important witnesses who
should have been examined have not been examined.  [Paras 16,
17] [1054-G; 1055-A]
4.  The FIR  has been recorded admittedly after visiting
the spot by the police and, therefore, there is a possibility that
the story could have been concocted after seeing the site and
conferring with all the villagers. It has come on record that the
deceased was not a very popular man. He had a lot of enemies. It
has also come in evidence that almost all the witnesses have
some criminal antecedents and some cases are pending against
them. It may be true that there was enmity between the two sides.
Enmity, as is often said is a double edged sword. It can be the
motive but it can also be a reason to falsely implicate the other
side. In the present case, keeping in view the various
contradictions and the fact that in view of the contradictions it is
difficult to rely upon the statements of PW-10 and PW-11 as well
as PW-6 and PW-7, a doubt has been cast and the benefit of doubt
has to be given to the accused. The High Court and the Trial
Court did not take into consideration these contradictions of the
witnesses and relied upon the witnesses especially PW-10 and
PW-11 without referring to the attending circumstances.
[Paras 18 and 19] [1055-C-F]
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal
No.480 of 2009.
From the Judgment and Order dated  24.10.2008 of the High
Court
of  Judicature of Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur, Bench at Gwalior in
Criminal Appeal No. 132 of 1995
Shikhil Suri, Adv. (A.C.)
Ms. June Chaudhary, Sr. Adv., Mohd. Parvez Dabas, Uzmi Jameel
Husain,  Ms. Shilpa Saini, Shakil Ahmed Syed, Advs. for the
Appellants.
Rahul Kaushik, Ms. Bhuvneshwari Pathak, Ms. Shilpi Satyapriya
Satyam, Advs. for the Respondent.
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The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
DEEPAK GUTPA, J. (ORAL)
1. This appeal by the convicted accused is directed against the
judgment dated 24.10.2008 passed by the Division Bench of the High
Court of Madhya Pradesh, whereby the High Court upheld the judgment
of the Sessions Judge, Datia dated 30.03.1995 convicting the appellants
of having committing offences punishable under Sections 148 and 302
read with 149 of the Indian Penal Code. Appellants were sentenced to
undergo life imprisonment for the offence of murder and two years
rigorous imprisonment for the offence punishable under Section 148 IPC.
They were also directed to pay fine of Rs.25,000/- and in default of
payment of fine further three years rigorous imprisonment.
2. Shortly stated the prosecution case, as reflected in the FIR is
that on 25.05.1994 at about 2 pm., Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram
Singh (PW-11), who were coming from village Baron Kalan to village
Kotra, saw the accused persons beating Gajraj Singh with lathis at a
place called Brar Khora. These two witnesses asked why the accused
were beating Gajraj Singh and then they were threatened by the accused.
Being scared, they ran away from the spot to save their own lives. Then
they reached village Kotra and thereafter went to the police station  at
about 5 pm. to lodge the FIR. We may also add that though this is not
part of the FIR, during the course of investigation it has transpired that
Somati (PW-6) and  Raghubir (PW-7) last
saw Gajraj Singh with accused
Imrat Singh. Both, the Trial Court and the High Court, have accepted
the testimony of Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram Singh (PW-11) to be
true and accepting their evidence to be true and treating these two
witnesses as eye-witnesses have convicted all the accused as aforesaid.
Hence, the present appeal.
3. The main contention raised before us by Ms. June Chaudhary,
learned senior counsel, as well as Mr. Shikhil Suri, whom we had asked
to assist us as amicus, is that the testimonies of Lakhan Singh (PW-10)
and Ram Singh (PW-11) are totally untrustworthy and cannot be relied
upon. They submit that if the testimonies are read as a whole along with
the other attending circumstances, to which we shall advert later, no
reliance can be placed on these two witnesses and, therefore, the
conviction is liable to be set aside. Even with regard to Somati (PW-6)
IMRAT SINGH & ORS. v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
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and Raghubir (PW-7), it is submitted that their testimonies are
contradictory and cannot be relied upon and at best the testimonies will
go against Imrat Singh and not against any of the other accused.
4. We need not refer to the FIR in detail. We will straight away
deal with the statement of the two star witnesses of the prosecution
Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram Singh (PW-11). They are both residents
of Village Kotra. Their version is that they had gone to village Baron
Kalan since they both had worked there and Lakhan Singh (PW-10) had
to meet a potter Bhagwan Dass to get some work done. According to
them, when they were returning from Baron Kalan and had reached
near Brar Khora they saw all the five accused Imrat Singh, Hetam
Singh, Raghubir Singh, Nirbhaya Singh and Ratan Singh beating Gajraj
Singh with lathis. According to Lakhan Singh (PW-10), this occurrence
took place in Brar Khora near the passage where they were walking.
Whereas according to Ram Singh (PW-11), the distance was only 10
steps. Both of them stated that when they enquired from the accused as
to why they were beating Gajraj Singh, they were also threatened and
then they ran away. As far as this part of the story is concerned, there is
complete identity between the versions of those two witnesses. It is
almost a parrot like version. The question is whether these witnesses
are telling the truth or not. If we were to rely only on this portion of
the
testimony there would be no difficulty in upholding the judgment of the
High Court.
5. The subsequent portion of the statements of these witnesses is
so much at variance with each other and there are so many material
contradictions in the statements of these two witnesses that as far as
other aspects are concerned, a doubt has been cast in our minds that
these witnesses are prepared witnesses who have come out with a parrot
like version as far as the incident itself is concerned but when it comes
to the attending circumstances their evidence falls apart and does not
withstand the scrutiny of cross-examination.
6. According to Lakhan Singh (PW-10), immediately after the
incident, they reached village Kotra. Lakhan Singh (PW-10) states that
on reaching village Kotra he narrated the entire incident to Vrish Bhan
Singh, Man Singh, Rudra Singh and Kishori. None of these four have
been examined. Thereafter, Har Bilas (PW-15), who happens to be the
brother of the daughter-in-law of the deceased came to village Kotra
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and he was informed about the occurrence. If the occurrence occurred
at about 2 pm., the witnesses would have reached village Kotra in 10
minutes at the most. Mahender Singh (not examined) and Jabbar (not
examined) also arrived in the village. According to Lakhan Singh (PW-
11), one Raghubir, servant of Brij Mohan, came and told him that the
dead body of Gajraj Singh was lying in the jungle at Khora. Here it is
pertinent to mention that Raghubir (PW-7), who has been examined, is
actually servant of Gajraj Singh and not of Brij Mohan, but we will, for
the sake of this case, accept that Raghubir, who has been referred to in
the statement of Lakhan Singh (PW-10), is the servant of Brij Mohan.
7. Thereafter, according to Lakhan Singh (PW-10) he went to the
police station to report the matter and lodged the complaint vide report-
Exhibit P-10, which was read over and explained to him. However, in
cross-examination he gives a totally different version. According to him,
he had reached the village Kotra between 2.30 and 3 pm. and thereafter
he, Rudra Singh, Ajab Singh (not examined), Har Bilas and Ram Singh
(PW-11) consulted with each other and then went to report the matter to
the police. When they reached the police station the Head Constable,
who was present in the police station, stated that he was calling the
SDOP and the FIR would be lodged and further action will be taken only
after the SDOP was called. Thereafter, the SDOP reached the police
station at
about 6 pm. and then Lakhan Singh reported the entire matter
to the SDOP. It would be pertinent to mention here that neither the
Head Constable nor the SDOP have been examined. Whereas in
examination-in-chief this witness has stated that his report was lodged
as soon as he reached the police station but when cross-examined he
was forced to admit that the report was lodged only on the arrival of the
SDOP who further advised that they will visit the place of occurrence
first and then lodge the report, which means that an oral report was
lodged with the SDOP, then some persons went to the spot and after
coming back from the spot the formal FIR was lodged.
8. Interestingly, this witness states that many villagers, including
Ram Singh, along with SDOP and other police officials had visited the
place of occurrence but he did not go to the place of occurrence with
the SDOP.
9. Coming to the statement of Ram Singh (PW-11), as we have
mentioned above, as far as the main witnesses are concerned, statement
IMRAT SINGH & ORS. v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
[DEEPAK GUPTA, J.]
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is almost similar. He also states that he went to the police station and
lodged the report. However, he states that when they reached the village
they did not tell anybody about the incident after reaching the village.
This conduct is not natural. He then states that Har Bilas, Mahender
Singh and Raghubir then informed in the village that Gajraj Singh had
expired. This is totally different from what has been stated by Lakhan
Singh. This witness also states that site plan of the place of occurrence
was not prepared by the police in his presence. He states that the site
plan does not bear his signatures. This witness has been confronted with
the statement recorded under Section 161 Cr.P.C. (Ex.D-5) wherein the
fact that he had seen the occurrence from a distance of 10 steps, has
not been specifically stated. We do not find this a material contradiction
because in a Section 161 statement a person may or may not state the
exact distance. However, whereas in Court this witness states that when
Gajraj Singh was being beaten up, the accused were asking Gajraj Singh
why he had not voted for Meera, this fact was not recorded in the Section
161 statement which is a material contradiction because if this had actually
happened, this would have been recorded in the statement under Section
161 Cr.P.C. and would have also been stated by Lakhan Singh (PW-10)
who was along side Ram Singh (PW-11). This clearly shows that these
witnesses have been improving their statements with the passage of
time.
10. Another important aspect of the statement of this witness is
that he says that when he and Lakhan Singh (PW-10) witnessed the
incident, they rushed back to the village and went to the shop of Rudra
Singh where Mahender Singh was also present. He states that none of
them had made an effort to go back to the place of occurrence to save
Gajraj Singh. According to him, Har Bilas came after half an hour and
told them that Gajraj Singh had died. This is totally different from the
statement of Lakhan Singh (PW-10). According to him, it was Raghubir,
servant of Brij Mohan, who informed about the death of Gajraj.
Therefore, there is contradiction in the statement of these two witnesses
as to who informed the villagers that Gajraj Singh was dead.
11. The other major contradiction is that according to Ram Singh
(PW-11) they reached the police station at 5 pm. at which time the
Deputy Superintendent of Police had already reached the police station.
This is totally different from the statement of Lakhan Singh (PW-10).
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According to this witness, Lakhan Singh (PW-10) narrated the whole
incident to the Deputy Superintendent of Police and thereafter the Deputy
Superintendent of Police said that they would first go to the place of
occurrence and see the dead body and the complaint will be registered
thereafter. It seems that his reference to the Deputy Superintendent of
Police is to the same person referred to as the SDOP by Lakhan Singh
(PW-10). The contradiction is that whereas Lakhan Singh (PW-10) stated
that this person was not at the police station and came after about one
hour, according to Ram Singh (PW-11) this person was already at the
police station.
12. The first site plan (Ext.P-18) was prepared by Head Constable
Sita Ram, who has not been examined, however, it is counter signed by
one Jagdish, who has been examined as PW-14. Interestingly, the site
plan is alleged to be signed by both Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram
Singh (PW-11) and the site plan indicates that it was prepared on the
instructions given by Lakhan Singh but Lakhan Singh states that he never
went to the place of occurrence with the police and Ram Singh states
that he never signed the site plan. We are not using the site plan to
support the prosecution case or the case of the accused but the manner
in which the site plan was prepared clearly indicates that the investigation
was not a fair investigation.
13. We shall now deal with Somati (PW-6) and Raghubir (PW-7),
the witnesses on whom the
prosecution places reliance for the purpose
of the last seen theory. However, before we deal with these two
witnesses, it would be pertinent to mention that the prosecution had also
examined one Smt. Puniya as PW-5, who has turned hostile. We are
recording this fact because her name finds mention in the statement of
both these witnesses.
14. According to Somati (PW-6) at about 12 noon when she was
present at her well, Gajraj Singh, who was in his residence was called by
accused Imrat Singh, who informed Gajraj Singh that they will consume
liquor together and thereafter her father-in-law Gajraj Singh left with
Imrat Singh. She also states that later Puniya (PW-5) told her that she
(Puniya) had seen accused Imrat Singh and Hetam Singh beating Gajraj
Singh. According to this witness, her brother Har Bilas and one Mahender
Singh came to her house and she informed them that her father-in-law
had been beaten. According to this witness, she was informed about the
IMRAT SINGH & ORS. v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
[DEEPAK GUPTA, J.]
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beating of her father-in-law by Puniya (PW-5) who has not supported
her version. She herself had not seen her father-in-law being beaten by
anybody. In fact, this witness in cross-examination states that it was not
Puniya who told her about Imrat Singh and Hetam Singh beating Gajraj
Singh but this fact was told to her by her brother Har Bilas. As far as
Raghubir (PW-7) is concerned, he states that the accused Imrat Singh
came at about 2 pm. and in his presence told Gajraj Singh to accompany
him since they had prepared mutton. Interestingly, Somati (PW-6) had
not stated that Raghubir (PW-7) was present when Imrat Singh came.
Their version about the enticement given to Gajraj Singh is different.
According to Somati it was liquor which was offered whereas according
to Raghubir (PW-7) it was mutton which was offered to Gajraj Singh.
15. Raghubir (PW-7) also states that he was informed by Puniya
that she had seen Imrat Singh and Hetam Singh beating Gajraj Singh.
According to him, thereafter he along with Har Bilas and Mahender
Singh went towards the jungle and saw Gajraj Singh lying dead. He
further states that then he went to the village and told Lakhan Singh and
Man Singh that the dead body of Gajraj Singh was lying in the jungle. He
then stated that the dead body was lying in the river. According to him,
Lakhan Singh and Man Singh told him that they had already seen the
dead body of Gajraj Singh which is not the case
of Lakhan Singh at all.
16. The only other important witness to whom the reference is
being made is Har Bilas (PW-15). He states that he was informed by
Somati that Gajraj Singh had been called by Imrat Singh and both had
left together. According to him, Puniya reached there and informed that
Gajraj Singh had been taken by Imrat Singh and Hetam Singh and he
was beaten by them. Thereafter, he along with Mahender Singh and
Raghubir went in search of Gajraj Singh and saw the body of Gajraj
Singh lying in the river. He states that he saw no injuries on the body of
Gajraj Singh which is difficult to believe because the prosecution story is
that Gajraj Singh was beaten to death by the five accused with lathis.
The versions of Har Bilas and that of Lakhan Singh (PW-10) are totally
different. According to Lakhan Singh (PW-10) when Har Bilas (PW-
15) came to the village, he did not know anything and it was only Raghubir
who came and informed that Gajraj Singh was dead. This casts a serious
doubt on the prosecution story.
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17. Another factor which we have taken into consideration is that
a number of very important witnesses who should have been examined
have not been examined. Neither Bhagwan Dass the potter who was
supposed to meet Harnam Singh in Bharon Kalan nor any other person
from Bharon Kalan have been examined to support the version of Lakhan
Singh (PW-10) and Ram Singh (PW-11) that they actually went to Bharon
Kalan.
18. The villagers who were first told about this incident by Lakhan
Singh (PW-10) and Ram Singh (PW-11) have not been examined. The
Head Constable who is alleged to have not recorded the FIR and said
that he would wait for the SDOP has not been examined. The SDOP/
Deputy Superintendent of Police has not been examined. The FIR has
been recorded admittedly after visiting the spot by the police and,
therefore, there is a possibility that the story could have been concocted
after seeing the site and conferring with all the villagers. It has come on
record that Gajraj Singh was not a very popular man. He had a lot of
enemies. It has also come in evidence that almost all the witnesses have
some criminal antecedents and some cases are pending against them. It
may be true that there was enmity between the two sides. Enmity, as is
often said is a double edged sword. It can be the motive but it can also
be a reason to falsely implicate the other side. In the present case, keeping
in view the various contradictions pointed out above and the fact that in
view of
the contradictions it is difficult to rely upon the statements of
Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram Singh (PW-11) as well as Somati (PW-
6) and Raghubir (PW-7), we are of the view that a doubt has been cast
and the benefit of doubt has to be given to the accused.
19. We are of the view that the High Court and the Trial Court did
not take into consideration these contradictions of the witnesses and
relied upon the witnesses especially Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram
Singh (PW-11) without referring to the attending circumstances to which
we have referred to in detail hereinabove. In view of the above discussion,
we allow the appeal, set aside the conviction of both the Courts below.
Accused are acquitted accordingly. Accused are on bail. Their bail bonds
are discharged.
Kalpana K. Tripathy
                                Appeal allowed.
IMRAT SINGH & ORS. v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
[DEEPAK GUPTA, J.]