P. KARUPAIAH (D) THR versus THE GENERAL MANAGER THRUUVALLUVAR TRANSPORT  CORPORATION LTD.
[2017] 10 S.C.R. 557, Supreme Court of India, 2017
Outcome: Dismissed (Dismissed)
Segment: Ratio
[2017] 10 S.C.R. 557 
P. KARUPf,\IAH (D) THR: ~RS. 
v. 
THE GENERAL MANAGER THRUUVALLUVAR TRANSPORT 
CORPORATION LTD. 
(Civil Appeal No. 4 ~60 of2008) 
OCTOBER 12, 2017 
[R. K. AGRAWAL AND ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, JJ.] 
B 
Service frrnY - Claim of back wages - When not justified -
Appellant working as driver with respondent-Corporation was C 
dismissed from the service because of his involvement in a murder 
case - Conviction by Sessions Court, however, later acquitted by 
High Court - Appellant was reinstated after the acquittal but was 
declined back wages for the period in question ~ Writ petition by 
appellant for grant of back wages, dismissed - Order upheld by 
,. 
Division Bench - On appeal, held: In order to Claim the relief of D 
back wages along with the relief of reinstatement, the employee is 
required to prove that from the date of his dismissal order till the· 
date of his rejoining, he was not gainfully employed anywhere -
However, in the present case· there was no such evidence. brought 
on record by the appellant in his writ petition to claim the back E 
wages, ·in full or part, for the period in question - Orders impugned 
call for no interference - Labour Law - Industrial Disputes Act, 
1947 - Proviso to s.17-!1. 
Service law - Award of back wages - Principle of "No work-
No pay" - Change in law - Held: The law on the question of award 
of back wages has taken some shift - Now, in cases where the 
dismissal/removal order is set aside/withdrawn by the Courts,
directing employee :s reinstatement in service, the employee does not 
become entitled to claim back wages as of right unless the order of 
reinstatement itself in-express terms directs payment of back wages 
and other benefits. 
Dismissing the appeal, the Court 
' 
. HELD: 1.1 The law on the question of award of back wages 
has taken some shift. It is now ruled in cases that when the 
dismissal/removal order is set aside/withdrawn by the Courts or 
557 
J 
F 
G 
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558 
SUPREME COURT REPORTS 
[2017) IO S.C.R. 
A otherwise, as the case may be, directing employee's 
reinstatement in service, the employee does not become entitled 
to claim back wages as of right on.less the order of reinstatement 
itself in express terms directs payment of back wages and other 
benefits. [Para 10] [560-D-E] 
B 
1.2 The employee in order to claim the relief of back wages 
c 
along with the relief of reinstatement is required to prove with 
the aid of evidence that from the date of his dismissal order till 
the date of his rejoining, he was not gainfully employed anywhere. 
The em,ployer too has a right to adduce evidence to show 
otherwise-that an employee concerned was gainfully employed 
during the relevant period and hence not entitled to claim any 
relief of back wages. [Para 11] [560-F-G] 
1.3 On proving such facts to the satisfaction of the Court, 
the back wages are accordingly awarded either in full or part or 
may even be declined, as the ·case may be, while passing the 
D order. of reinstatement. The Courts have also applied in 
appropriate cases the principle of "No work-No pay" while 
declining to award back wages and confining the relief only to the 
extent of grant of reinstatement along with grant of some 
consequential reliefs by awarding some benefits notionally, if any, 
E in exercise of discretionary powers depending upon the facts of 
each case. [Para 12] [560-G-H; 561-A] 
2. In the present case, no evidence was brought on record 
by
the appellant (employee) in his writ petition to claim the back 
wages for the period in question, either in full or part. Moreover, 
F 
it is found that the issue in question was raised in writ petition 
and not before the Industrial or Labour Tribunal where parties 
· could adduce evidence on such question. Yet, the wrjt Collrt and 
the appellate Court examined the question in its writ jurisdiction 
and finding no merit therein declined to award any back wages. 
There is no ground to interfere in the discretion exercised by 
G the two Courts below and accordingly the orders impugned call 
for no interference and are upheld. The appellant should feel 
satisfied that he was able to secure reinstatement in service 
~ . 
H 
despite his involvement in a murder case. The appellant should 
be content with what he has got. [Paras 13-15] (561-B-D)
J?. KARUPAIAH (D) THR. LRS. v. G M. THRUlNALLUVAR 
559 
TRANSPORT CORP. LTD. 
MP State Electricity Board v. Jarina Bee (Smt.) (2003) 
A 
6 SCC 141: [2003] 1 Suppl. SCR 535 - referred to. 
Case Law Reference 
[2003J 1 Suppl. SCR 535 
, referred to 
Para 10 
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civll Appeal No. 4160 
B 
of 2008 
" 
From the Judgment and Order dated 07.12.2006 oftheHigh Court~ 
of Judicaturs at Madras in W. A. No. 1848 pf 2000. 
Brij Bhushan, Adv. for the Appellant. 
c 
T. R. B. Sivakumar, T. Harish Kumar, Advs. for the Respondent. 
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by 
ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J. 1. This appeal is filed by the 
cmploycG against the final judgment and order dated 07 .12 .2006 passed 
by the High Court of Judicature at Madras in W.A. No. 1848 of2000 D 
whereby the Division Bench of the High Court dismissed the appeal 
filed by the appellant herein and upheld the judgment dated 03.08.2000 · 
of the Single Judge in W. P. No. 10314l>f1996 by which the appellant 
was denied the back wages for the period from 21.07.1994 to 31.08.1999. 
2. Facts of the case lie in a narrow compass so also the controversy 
E. 
involved iit the appeal as would be clear from the narration ofrelevant 
facts hereinbelow. 
3. The only question involved in the appeal filed by an employee 
against his employer is whether the appellant is entitled.to claim back 
wages for the period in question, i.e., 21.07.1994to31.08.1999? 
F 
4. The learned Single Judge and Division Bench of the
High Court 
declined to award any back wages to the appellant for the period in 
question and dismissed the appellant's writ petition and intra court appeal. 
' 
5. The appellant was working as a Driver in the employment of 
the respondent. The respondent dismissed the appellant from service 
G 
because he was found involved in one.murder case and was prosecuted 
for the said offence. 
· ·" 
6. The Session Court had convicted him butlater he was acquitted 
by the High Court. After the acquittal by the High Court, the appellant 
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560 
SUPREME COURT REPORTS 
[2017] 10 S.C.R. 
A 
made a request to the respondent for his reinstatement. The respondent 
allowed the request made by the appellant and reinstated him in service 
but declined to pay him any back wages for the aforementioned period. 
7. The appellant, felt aggrieved by the decision of the respondent 
in not paying him any back wages for the period in question, filed writ 
B petition in the High Court and prayed for grant of the relief of back 
wages. 
8. The learned Single Judge declined to grant any relief of back 
wages to the appellant and dismissed his writ petition. The Division Bench, 
in an appeal filed by the appellant against the dismissal of his writ petition, 
c upheld the order of the learned Single Judge and dismissed his appeal 
giving rise to filing of this appeal by way of special leave by the employee 
to this Court. 
D 
E 
F 
G 
9. Having heard the learned counsel for the parties and on perusal 
of the record of the case, we find no merit in the appeal. 
10. The law on the question of award of back wages has taken 
some shift. It is now ruled in cases that when the dismissal/removal 
order is set aside/withdrawn by the Courts or otherwise, as the case · 
may be, directing employee's reinstatement in service, the employee 
docs not become entitled to claim back wages as of right unless the 
order of reinstatement itself in express terms directs payment of back 
wages and other benefits. (See 1\1. P. State Electricity Board vs.
Jarina Bee (Smt.), (2003) 6 SCC 141) 
11. Indeed, the employee in order to claim the rclicfofback wages 
?long with the relief ofreinstatement is required to prove with the aid of 
evidence that from the date of his dismissal order till the date of his 
rejoining, he was not gainfully employed anywhere. The employer too 
has a right to adduce evidence to show otherwise that an employee 
concerned was gainfully employed during the relevant period and hence 
not entitled to claim any relief of back wages. 
12. On proving such facts to the satisfaction of the Court, the 
back wages arc accordingly awarded either in full or part or may even 
be declined as the ease may be while passing the order of reinstatement. 
The Courts have also applied in appropriate eases the principle of"No 
work-No pay" while declining to award back wages and confining the 
relief only to the extent of grant of reinstatement along with grant of 
H some consequential reliefs"by awarding some benefits notionally, if any,
P. KARUPAIAH (D) THR. LRS. v. G. M. THRUUVALLUVAR 
561 
TRANSPORT CORP. LTD. [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.] 
case. 
13. Having seen the record of the case, we arc satisfied that there 
was no evidence brought on record by the appellant (employee) in his 
writ petition to claim the back wages for the _period in question either in 
full or part. Moreover, we find that the issue in question was raised in 
B 
writ petition and not before the lrtdustrial or Labour Tribunal where parties 
could adduce evidence on such question. (See proviso to Section 17-
B of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947). 
· 
14. Be that as it may, the writ Court and the appellate Com1 yet 
examined the question in its writ jurisdiction and finding no merit therein c 
declined to award any back wages. This Court does not find any good 
ground to interfere in the discretion exercised by the two Courts below 
and accordingly uphold the orders impugned herein calling no interference. 
15. Indeed, the appellant should feel satisfied that h~ was able to 
secure reinstatement in service despite his involvement in a murder case. 
D 
The appellant should:becontent with what.he has got. 
16. In view of foregoing discussion, the appeal fails and is 
accordingly dismissed. 
Divya Pandey 
Appeal dismissed. 
E