GUPTESWAR BEHERA versus STATE OF ODISHA AND ANOTHER
[2018] 14 S.C.R. 1209, Supreme Court of India, 2018
Outcome: Appeal(s) allowed (Granted)
Segment: Ratio
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GUPTESWAR BEHERA
v.
STATE OF ODISHA AND ANOTHER
(Criminal Appeal No. 1586 of 2018)
DECEMBER 14, 2018
[UDAY UMESH LALIT AND R. SUBHASH REDDY, JJ.]
Penal Code, 1860: ss. 148, 149 and 302 – Prosecution
case that victim attacked by five persons with sticks, axe and knife
– PW 1, brother of the victim and investigating officer reached the
place of occurrence – Victim, named the assailants in his dying
declarations made separately to PW 1 and the investigating officer
– On basis of the evidence of PW 1 and the investigating officer,
eye witnesses and witnesses who were present when the dying
declaration was made by the deceased to PW1, conviction and
sentence of the accused u/ss. 148 and 149 r/w s. 302 – Upheld by
the High Court – On appeal, held: On consideration of the number
of injuries suffered and their location and extent, the assertions
made by both the medical professionals, that the deceased may not
have survived for more than ten minutes after receiving the injuries
is accepted – There is no contrary evidence in that behalf –
Furthermore, PW 1 received the intimation that his brother was lying
in a pool of blood whereafter he rushed to the place of occurrence,
admittedly at a distance of 15 minutes by walk – This means the
time was taken twice over – Person who had not seen the assault
but informed PW1, had to cover the distance first and thereafter
PW1 reached the place of occurrence – Investigating Officer, arrived
at the scene of occurrence even
later – Thus, it is doubtful whether
the deceased had survived long enough for PW  1 and investigating
officer to arrive at the scene of occurrence and then make separate
statements to these witnesses – Thus, the appellant entitled to the
benefit of doubt and is acquitted of all the charges leveled against
him.
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal
No. 1586 of 2018.
From the Judgment and Order dated 29.08.2017 of the High Court
of Orissa at Cuttack in Criminal Appeal No. 50 of 1999.
[2018] 14 S.C.R. 1209
1209
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Sibo Sankar Mishra, Niranjan Sahu, Tejaswi Kumar Pradhan,
Advs. for the Appellant.
Som Raj Choudhury,  Adv. for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
UDAY UMESH LALIT, J.
1. This appeal by special leave challenges the judgment and order
dated 29.08.2017 passed by the High Court of Orissa at Cuttack in
Criminal Appeal No.50 of 1999.
2. In the present case, crime was registered at 9.00 pm on
15.11.1995 vide FIR No.93 with Rayagada P.S. pursuant to reporting by
Pradeep Kumar Patra, later examined as PW1.   It was submitted that
one Kumurika Nabina informed said PW1 Pradeep that his brother
Raghumani was attacked and was lying by the side of a road.  Said
PW1 Pradeep immediately rushed to the place and found cut marks on
various parts of the body of said Raghumani who was lying in a pool of
blood.  It was further stated that when questioned about the attack,
Raghumani replied that persons named Natabar Guru, Trinath Guru,
Gupteswar Behera, Chandeswar Behera, Malikeswar Behera attacked
him with sticks, axe and a large knife.    According to the report, while
such statement was being made by Raghumani, Trinath Nayak and
Mandangi Ramamurty were present.
3.  According to the prosecution, Police Officer Utkal Ranjan
Das (later examined as PW 15) reached the place of occurrence at 8.15
pm and removed said Raghumani to Gunpur Hospital at 8.45 pm in a
police vehicle and while
inside the vehicle, Raghumani regained
consciousness.  It is  further the case of the prosecution that while in the
police vehicle Raghumani made a statement (Ext. 5) giving the names
of the assailants.  Raghumani was, however, dead when he was brought
to the hospital.
4. After conducting due investigation, six accused, namely, Rama
Rao Patika, Chandeswar Behera, Gupteswar Behera, Malikeswar
Behera, Natabara Guru and Trinath Guru were tried for having committed
offences punishable under Sections 148, 149 read with Section 302 IPC
in Sessions Case No.15 of 1997 in the Court of the Additional Sessions
Judge, Rayagada.  The prosecution relied upon the evidence of PW1
Pradeep and PW15, the Investigating Officer in support of its case that
the deceased Raghumani had named the assailants in his dying
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declarations.  PW1 admitted in his cross-examination that the place of
occurrence was at a distance of 15 minutes by walk.  Apart from this,
two other sets of witnesses were also relied on.  PWs 4 and 5 were
stated to be eye witnesses to the occurrence.  Their statements under
Section 161 Cr.P.C. were, however, recorded 4 to 5 days after the incident.
The second set of witnesses were PWs 2, 8 and 9, who were not eye
witnesses but were said to be present when the statement was made by
the deceased to PW1 Pradeep.
5. The medical evidence was unfolded through PW13 Dr. Braja
Kishore Das who had declared said Raghumani to be dead when he
was brought to the hospital and PW 14 Dr. Bipin Chandra Padhy who
conducted the post-mortem examination.   According to PW14 Dr. Padhy
there were fourteen injuries on the person of the deceased, out of which
eleven were incised injuries.   According to said PW 14, all the injuries
were ante-mortem; that the death was due to haemorrhage and shock
resulting from extensive injuries over the body of the deceased; that
injury Nos.1 and 2 were sufficient in ordinary course of nature to cause
death.  The aforesaid doctors made following statements in their cross-
examination:-
PW 13 Dr. Das stated, “… …By receiving such injuries as
reflected in P.M. report the patient must have lost sense within
five minutes.  The death might have been possible within ten
minutes by receiving such injuries.”
PW 14 Dr. Padhy stated, “… …The injured
can survive for
few minutes by receiving such injuries.  The patient cannot regain
sense by loosing sense in this particular type of case” and “…
…The death might be instantaneous taking haemorrhage shock
and neurogenic shock. The patient must have become unconscious
within five minutes by receiving those injuries. The death my be
possible within ten minutes.”
6. The Sessions Court found that the prosecution was able to
prove its case and that all six accused were guilty of the charges leveled
against them.  The Sessions Court thus convicted them under Section
148 IPC and also under Section 149 read with Section 302 IPC and
sentenced them to undergo rigorous imprisonment for three years under
the first count and imprisonment for life under the second.
7. All six convicted accused preferred Criminal Appeal  No.50 of
1999 in the High Court challenging their conviction and sentence.   During
GUPTESWAR BEHERA v. STATE OF ODISHA AND ANOTHER
[UDAY UMESH LALIT, J.]
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the pendency of appeal, original Accused Nos.4,5 and 6, namely
Malikeswar Behera, Natabara Guru and Trinath Guru died and as such
their appeal stood abated.
8. The High Court found that the evidence of so called eye-
witnesses, namely, PWs 4 and 5 did not inspire confidence as their
statements were recorded belatedly.  The High Court relied upon the
testimony of PWs 1 and 15 insofar as original accused Nos.2 and 3,
namely, Chandeswar Behera and Gupteswar Behera were concerned
and confirmed their conviction and sentence.  The High Court, however,
gave benefit of doubt to accused No.1, Ramarao Patika and acquitted
him.   The aforesaid judgment and order dated 29.08.2017 was challenged
by Chandeswar Behera and Gupteswar Behera by filing special leave
petition in this Court.   Since Chandeswar Behera did not file appropriate
proof of surrender, his challenge stood dismissed for non-prosecution
vide order dated 14.09.2018 passed by learned Chamber Judge of this
Court.   We have been informed that said Chandeswar Behera has
since then expired.   However, no proof in that behalf has been filed.
9. In this matter, we are, thus, concerned with Gupteswar Behera.
We have heard Mr. Sibo Sankar Mishra, learned Advocate in support of
the appeal and Mr. Rom Raj Choudhury, learned Advocate for the State.
10. In the instant case the eye-witness account was rejected by
the High Court and was found
unworthy of reliance.  We are, thus, left
with two sets of evidence, the first concerning dying declarations made
by the deceased separately to PWs 1 and 15 and the second set of
evidence regarding PWs 2, 8 and 9, who were said to be present when
the dying declaration was made by the deceased to PW1.
11. If the number of injuries suffered and their location and extent
are considered, the assertions made by both the medical professionals,
namely, PWs 13 and 14 that the deceased may not have survived for
more than ten minutes after receiving the injuries appear to be quite
correct.  These assertions have come in their respective cross
examinations and no re-examination was even sought by the prosecutor.
There is, thus, no contrary evidence in that behalf.  We, therefore, have
to accept that the deceased must have survived only for a short duration
after he received the injuries.
12. If we analyse the evidence, PW 1 received the intimation that
his brother was lying in a pool of blood whereafter he rushed to the
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place of occurrence. The place of occurrence was admittedly at a distance
of 15 minutes by walk.  This means the time was taken twice over.  The
person who had not seen the assault but informed PW1, had to cover
the distance first and thereafter PW1 reached the place of occurrence.
The Investigating Officer, namely, PW 15 arrived at the scene of
occurrence even later.  It would, therefore, be extremely doubtful whether
the deceased had survived long enough for PWs 1 and 15 to arrive at
the scene of occurrence and then make separate statements to these
witnesses.
13. The appellant is, therefore, entitled to the benefit of doubt.  In
the circumstances, this appeal is allowed. The judgments and orders
passed by the Sessions Court and the High Court are set aside and the
appellant is acquitted of all the charges leveled against him.   He be set
at liberty unless his custody is required in connection with any other
case.
Nidhi Jain
Appeal allowed.
GUPTESWAR BEHERA v. STATE OF ODISHA AND ANOTHER
[UDAY UMESH LALIT, J.]