P. D. GOEL  versus HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH THROUGH ITS REGISTRAR GENERAL
[2017] 7 S.C.R. 523, Supreme Court of India, 2017
Outcome: Appeal(s) allowed (Granted)
Segment: Ratio
[2017] 7 S.C.R. 523 
P. D. GOEL 
v. 
HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH THROUGH ITS 
REGISTRAR GENERAL 
(Civil Appeal No. 10244 of2017) 
AUGUST 08, 2017 
(J. CHELAMESWAR AND S. ABDUL NAZEER, JJ.( 
A 
B 
Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Rules, 2004 - r. 14 -
Judicial Services - Retrospective retirement - Date. of retirement of C 
the appellant was 31.07.2007, date on which he completed the age 
of 60 years as provided u/r. 14 - High Court issued notification 
retiring appellant from service from 31.07.2005 i.e. at the age of 58 
years - Notification challenged in writ petition - Single Judge of 
High Court held the retirement contrary to law - Division Bench 
held that notUlcation of High Court to be treated as D 
recommendation to the Governor .for removal of services of the 
appellant - Jn terms of the direction, the Governor passed an order 
on 31.01.2017 retiring the appellant with retrospective effect from 
31.07.2005 i.e. at the age of 58 years - Whether retiring the 
appellant retrospectively at the age of 58 years was justified - Held: 
Jn the instant case, the High Court had issued notijlcation holding 
that the appellant stood retired from service at the age of 58 years 
- Appellant had not been retired by the appointing authority, namely, 
the Governor of Himachal Pradesh - Therefore, ii cannot be said 
that the appellant had retired on the completion of age of 58 years 
- Division Bench treated the notification as recommendation to the 
Governor for removal of the
services - However, this order was 
passed after appellant had completed the age of 60 years - The 
order of the Governor retiring the appellaf!( retrospectively in terms 
E 
F 
of order of the Division Bench, not permissible in law - Himachal 
Judicial Service Rules do not provide for retrospective retirement of G 
judicial officers - Therefore, appellant to be treated as retired on 
completion of 60 years of age - Service Law - Retirement. 
Constitution of India,... Arts.233, 234 and 235 - Scope of-
The control vested in the High Court over the subordinate judiciary 
- Nature of - Held: Though absolute and exclusive, has to be 
H 
523
524 
SUPREME COURT REPORTS 
[2017) 7 S.C.R. 
A 
exercised without usurping the power vested in the executive under 
the Constitution. 
B 
c 
Allowing the appeal, the Court 
HELD: 1. The control vested in the High Court over the 
subordinate judiciary though absolute and exclusive, has to be 
exercised without usurping the power vested in the executive 
under the Constitution. The High Court retains the power of 
disciplinary control over the subordinate judiciary, including the 
power to initiate disciplinary proceedings, suspend them 
pending enquiry and impose punishment on them. But when it 
comes to the question of dismissal, removal, reduction in rank 
or termination of judicial officers on any count whatsoever, the 
High Court becomes only the recommending authority and cannot 
itself pass such an order. The High Court has to send its 
recommendations to the Governor because the Governor is the 
authority to dismiss, remove, reduce in rank or terminate the 
D 
appointment. 1Para 91 [528-A-Cf 
2. In the instant case, the High Court issued a notification 
holding that the appellant stands retired from service with effect 
from the afternoon of 31.7.2005, i.e. the last day of the month in 
which he attains the age of superannuation, i.e. 58 years under 
E 
proviso to Rule 14 of the H.imachal Pradesh Judicial Service 
Rules. The appellant had not been retired by the appointing 
authority, namely, the Governor ofHimachal Pradesh. Therefore, 
it cannot be said that the
appellant had retired on the completion 
of age of 58 years. Instead of quashing the notification, the 
F 
Division Bench treated the said notification as recommendation 
of the High Court to the Governor for removal of the services of 
the appellant. This order was passed after the appellant had 
completed the age of 60 years. In terms of the order of the Division 
Bench, the Governor has passed an order dated 31.1.2017 
retrospectively retiring the appellant with effect from 31.7.2005, 
G which is not permissible in law. The Himachal Pradesh Judicial 
Service Rules do not provide for retrospectively retiring the 
judicial officers. The order of the High Court retiring the appellant 
at the age of 58 years cannot take effect as it was without 
authority of law. It only means that the appellant has to be treated 
H 
to have been retired from service on completion of 60 years of
P. D. GOEL v. HIGH COURT OF H.P. THR. ITS 
REGISTRAR GENERAL 
525 
age on 31.7.2007. The order of the Division Bench treating the 
A 
notification as recommendation of the High Court to the Governor 
for compulsorily retiring the appellant cannot be sustained. [Paras 
3, 10, 111 [526-B; 528-D-G[ 
Registrar (Admn.), High Court of Orissa, Cuttack v. Sisir 
Kanta Satapathy (Dead) by Lrs. and Am: (1999) 7 SCC 
B 
725 : [19991 2 Suppl. SCR 473 - referred to. 
Case Law Reference 
[1999[ 2 Suppl. SCR 473 
referred to 
Para 10 
CIVILAPPELLATEJURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No.10244 
of2017. 
From the Judgment and Order dated 31.12.2015 of the High 
Court ofHimachal Pradesh, Shimla in LPANo. 34 of2009. 
c 
D 
P. S. Patwalia, Sr. Adv. Tushar Bakshi, Dhruv Sheoran, 
Ms.Natasha Vinayak, Advs. for the Appellant. 
Ms. Pragati Neekhra, Suryanarayana Singh, Advs. for the 
Respondent. 
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by 
S. ABDUL NAZEER, J. l. Leave granted. 
2. The appellant was appointed as sub Judge on 14.1.1975. He 
was inducted as a member of the Higher Judicial Service on 19.4.1995. 
He was granted selection grade on 20.11.2003. He was conveyed with 
E 
the adverse entry in his Annual Confidential Report for the year 2003-
F 
2004 on 30.10.2004. He sought a clarification from the Registrar 
(Vigilance) as to whether the aforesaid remarks were advisory or adverse 
in nature. The respondent vi de letter dated 1.12.2004 conveyed that the 
remark in column No.13 against him was
'adverse' whereas the remark 
in column No.14 was 'advisory' in nature. After prolonged 
G 
correspondence, the respondent conveyed to the appellant vide letter 
dated 5 .3 .2005 that upon consideration of the entire matter, the Full Court 
felt that the adverse entry in column No.13 was not specifically relatable 
to any particular record nor it had any specific genesis of particular 
record of his service. 
H
526 
SUPREME COURT REPORTS 
[2017] 7 S.C.R. 
A 
3. As per the gradation list of Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service 
as it stood on 1.1.2005, the date ofretirement of the appellant was shown 
as 31.7.2007 on which date he completed the age of60 years as provided 
under Rule 14 of the Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Rules, 2004 
(hereinafter referred to as 'the Rules'). 
The High Court issued a 
B 
notification atAnnexure P-16 dated 20.4.2005 holding that th~ appellant 
stands retired from service with effect from the afternoon of 31. 7.2005, 
i.e. the last day of the month in which he attains the age of superannuation, 
i.e. 58 years under proviso to Rule 14 of the Rules. The said Notification 
is as under: 
c 
"HIGH COURT OF HIMACHALPRADESH, SHIMLA-171001 
HHC/GAZ/14-46/74-IV 
Dated ShimlaApril 20, 2005. 
NOTIFICATION 
Hon'ble the Chief Justice and Hon'ble Judges of the High Court 
of Himachal Pradesh are pleased to order that Shri P.D. Goel, 
D 
District and Sessions Judge, Chamba (a Member of Himachal 
Pradesh Judicial Service), shall stand retired from service on and 
with effect from the afternoon of 31" July, 2005 i.e. last day of 
the month in which he attains the age of superannuation, that is, 
58 years, under Rule 14 of Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service 
E 
Rules, 2004. 
F 
BY ORDER OF THE HON'BLE HIGH 
COURT OF H.P. 
REGISTRAR GENERAL 
Endst. No. HHC/GAZ/14-46/74-IV-
Dated: 20.04.2005" 
4. The appellant filed C.W.P. No.649/2005 challenging the 
notification before
the High Court of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla. The 
learned Single Judge vide order dated 9.1.2009 struck down the adverse 
entry made in the Annual Confidential Report. It was held that retiring 
G 
the appellant at the age of58 years vide orderdated20.4.2005 is contrary 
to law. It was further held that the order had not been passed by the 
appointing authority, viz. the Governor of State of Himachal Pradesh. 
The learned Single Judge further held that the appellant is entitled to all 
consequential benefits. 
H
P. D. GOEL v. HIGH COURT OF H.P. THR. ITS 
527 
REGISTRAR GENERAL [S. ABDUL NAZEER, J.] 
5. The respondent challenged the order of the learned Single 
A 
Judge by filing Letters Patent Appeal, being LPANo.34 of2009, before 
the Division Bench. The Division Bench vide order dated 31.12.2015 
did not agree with the order of the learned Single Judge striking down 
the adverse entry made in the Annual Confidential Report. The Division 
Bench held that the Governor alone has the power to pass an order of B 
dismissal, removal or termination on the recommendation of the High 
Court which is made in exercise of powers of control vested in the High 
Court and that the High Court cannot dismiss, remove or terminate the 
services of the District Judge. It was further held that the notification 
Annexure P-16 has to be treated as recommendation of the High Court 
to the Governor for removal of services of the appellant and the Governor 
C 
has to proceed and make necessary consequential order in accordance 
with the recommendations of the High Court. Accordingly the appeal 
was disposed of. 
6. Shri P.S. Patwalia, learned senior counsel appearing for the 
appellant submits that the Governor of the Himachal Pradesh is the 
D 
appointing authority who alone could retire the appellant, that too in public 
interest after forming an opinion and after giving a notice of three months 
to the appellant and that the High Court is only recommending authority 
in that respect. The Governor has
not passed an order retiring the 
appellant at the age of 58 years. The appellant has attained the age of 
superannuation on 31. 7 .2007. Therefore, he is entitled for all the service 
E 
benefits till the date of attaining the age of superannuation. 
7. Ms.Pragati Neekhra, learned counsel appearing for the 
respondent submits that in terms of the direction of the Division Bench, 
the Governor of Himachal Pradesh has passed an order on 31.1.2017 
retiring the appellant with effect from the afternoon of 31.7.2005, i.e. 
the last day of the month in which he attains the age of superannuation, 
i.e. 58 years. Therefore, it cannot be said that the appellant has retired 
on attaining the age of superannuation at 60 years. 
F 
8. Having regard to the contentions urged, the only question for 
consideration is whether retiring the appellant retrospectively on 
G 
completing the age of 58 years is justified in law. 
' 
.. 
9. This Court in Registrar (Admn.), High Court of Orissa, 
Cuttack vs. Sisir Kanta Satapathy (Dead) by LRs. and Anr. ( 1999) 
H
528 
SUPREME COURT REPORTS 
[2017) 7 S.C.R. 
A 
7 SCC 725, while considering the scope of Articles 233, 234 and235 of 
the Constitution of India has held that the control vested in the High 
Court over the subordinate judiciary though absolute and exclusive, has 
to be exercised without usurping the power vested in the executive under 
the Constitution. The High Court retains the power of disciplinary control 
B 
over the subordinate judiciary, including the power to initiate disciplinary 
proceedings, suspend them pending enquiry and impose punishment on 
them. But when it comes to the question of dismissal, removal, reduction 
in rank or termination of judicial officers on any count whatsoever, the 
High Court becomes only the recommending authority and cannot itself 
pass such an order. The High Court has to send its recommendations to· 
C 
the Governor because the Governor is the authority to dismiss, remove, 
reduce in rank or terminate the appointment. 
10. In the instant case, the appellant had not been retired by the 
appointing authority, namely, the Governor of Himachal Pradesh. 
Therefore, it cannot be said that the appellant had retired on the completion 
D 
of age of 58 years. Instead of quashing the notification at Annexure P-
16, the Division Bench treated the said notification as recommendation 
of the High Court to the Governor for removal of the services of the 
appellant. This order was passed after the appellant had completed the 
age of 60 years. In
terms of !he order of the Division Bench, the Governor 
E 
F 
has passed an order dated 31.1.2017 retrospectively retiring the appellant 
with effect from 31. 7.2005, which, in our view, is not permissible in law. 
The Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service Rules, 2004 do not provide for 
retrospectively retiring the judicial officers; The order of the High Court 
retiring the appellant at the age of 58 years cannot take effect as it was 
without authority of law. It only means that the appellant has to be 
treated to have been retired from service on completion of 60 years of 
age on 31.7.2007. 
11. We are of the view that the order of the Division Bench 
treating the recommendation of the High Court to the Governor for 
G 
compulsorily retiring the appellantcannot be sustained. The order of the 
Division Bench to that extent is hereby set aside. Consequently, the 
order of the Governor dated 3Ll.2017 is also set aside. The appellant is 
entitled to his salary, allowances and all other consequential benefits till 
31. 7 .2007. The arrears as per above terms shall be paid to the appellant 
. H

P. D~ GOEL v. HIGH COURT OF H.P. THR. ITS 
529 
REGISTRAR GENERAL [S. ABDUL NAZEER, J.] 
within three months from the date of receipt of copy of this judgment. 
A 
The appeal is accordingly allowed. 
12. There will be no order as to costs. 
Ankit Gyan 
Appeal allowed.