Patent ID: 9120846
Filing Date: 2015-09-01
Classification: B01D,C07K

Abstract:
1. A process for separating organic compounds from a mixture by reverse-phase displacement chromatography, comprising: providing a hydrophobic stationary phase; applying to the hydrophobic stationary phase a mixture comprising organic compounds to be separated; displacing the organic compounds from the hydrophobic stationary phase by applying thereto an aqueous composition comprising a non-surface active hydrophobic neutral zwitterionic displacer molecule; and collecting a plurality of fractions eluted from the hydrophobic stationary phase containing the separated organic compounds; wherein the non-surface active hydrophobic neutral zwitterionic displacer molecule comprises a hydrophobic neutral zwitterion having the general formula: wherein in the general formula, CM is an independent hydrophobic chemical moiety with a formal positive (+) charge selected from: quaternary ammonium (I), quaternary phosphonium (II), sulfonium (III), sulfoxonium (IV), imidazolinium (amidinium) (V), guanidinium (VI), imidazolium (VII), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium (VIII), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinium (IX), isoindolinium (X), indolinium (XI), benzimidazolium (XII), pyridinium (XIIIa, XIIIb, XIIIc, XIIId), quinolinium (XIV), isoquinolinium (XV), and CM′ is an independent hydrophobic chemical moiety with a formal negative (−) charge selected from: carboxylate (XVI), N-acyl-α-amino acid (XVII), sulfonate (XVIII), sulfate monoester (XIX), phosphate monoester (XX), phosphate diester (XXI), phosphonate monoester (XXII), phosphonate (XXIII), tetraaryl borate (XXIV), boronate (XXV), boronate ester (XXVI); wherein the chemical moieties (I)-(XXVI) have the following chemical structures: wherein in the general formula, CM and CM′ are independent charged chemical moieties having the opposite formal charge such that the molecule as a whole is an electrically neutral zwitterion having zero formal charge at operational pH and CM and CM′ are chemically attached to each other by a doubly connected chemical moiety, R*, which replaces one R wherein each of R R* is a direct chemical bond or is a doubly connected, linear or branched chemical moiety defined by the formula, and R 5 is a linear or branched chemical moiety defined by the formula, wherein each AR wherein AR wherein each X, X wherein any methylene moiety (—CX wherein not more than two ether-oxygen atoms, not more than two thioether-sulfur atoms and not more than two ketone-carbonyl groups may be replaced into any —C wherein m wherein G is individually and independently any combination of —H, —F, —Cl, —CH wherein G* is individually and independently any combination of —F, —Cl, —R wherein a pair of R wherein the integer values of each of x, r, u, s, m wherein at least one aromatic chemical moiety, heterocyclic aromatic chemical moiety, imidazoline chemical moiety, amidine chemical moiety or guanidine chemical moiety is contained within CM or CM′; wherein a group-hydrophobic-index for each R-chemical-moiety (n) is numerically equal to the sum of the number of aliphatic carbon atoms plus the number of olefinic carbon atoms plus the number of thioether-sulfur atoms plus the number of chlorine atoms plus one-fifth the number of fluorine atoms plus one-half the number of ether-oxygen atoms plus one-half the number of ketone-carbon atoms plus one-half the number of aromatic carbon atoms beyond the number six minus the number of hydroxyl-oxygen atoms beyond the number one; wherein an overall-hydrophobic-index (N) for each [CM-R*-CM′] is numerically equal to the sum of the number of aliphatic carbon atoms plus the number of olefinic carbon atoms plus the number of thioether-sulfur atoms plus the number of chlorine atoms plus one-fifth the number of fluorine atoms plus one-half the number of ether-oxygen atoms plus one-half the number of ketone-carbon atoms plus one-half the number of aromatic carbon atoms beyond the number six minus the number of hydroxyl-oxygen atoms beyond the number one; wherein each of the group-hydrophobic-indices ( wherein the overall-hydrophobic-index (N) falls in the range 10.0≦N<24.0; wherein the numeric value of the group-hydrophobic-index calculated for a cyclic chemical moiety is divided equally between the two respective R-chemical-moieties; wherein R