Patent ID: 9149564
Filing Date: 2015-10-06
Classification: A61L,C23C,C25D

Abstract:
1. A product of manufacture comprising: (a) a biocompatible surface; (b) a plurality of macro or microscale structures fixed or loosely placed on the biocompatible surface, wherein the plurality of macro or microscale structures comprise: (i) a plurality of hairy-shaped or gauze shaped, mesh or mesh screen, wire, woven wire, spring, ribbon, powder, or flake shaped macro or microscale structures, wherein the macro or a microscale structure comprises a Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo and/or W metal material, a Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo and/or W alloy, a Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo and/or W oxide or nitride, and/or stainless steel or ceramic; (ii) a plurality of macro or microscale loose, short-fibers, or flake shaped structures, or macro or microscale particles, or macro or microscale spring-like fibers, made of a material comprising Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo and/or W metal material, a Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo and/or W alloy, a Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo and/or W oxide or nitride, and/or stainless steel or ceramic; (iii) a plurality of macro or microscale micro-wires, micro-fibers or micro-ribbons; (iv) a plurality of macro or microscale spring-like fibers or mesh screen shapes comprising a Ti or metal material, an alloy and/or a ceramic; or (v) any combination of the structures of (i) to (vi); and (c) a plurality of nanostructures on the surfaces of the plurality of macro or microscale structures, wherein the nanostructures comprise: wherein the nanotube structures of any of (c)(i) to (c)(iv) have a thickness of at least about 0.5, or between about 1 and 50 nm, or between about 1 and 100 nm, or between about 10 nm to 500 nm, wherein at least a portion of, or substantially all of, or all of, the surface of the macro or microscale structures of (b) are covered or coated by one or a plurality of nanostructures structures of (c).