Patent ID: 7198460
Filing Date: 2007-04-03
Classification: F01C,F04D

Abstract:
1. A hydraulic or pneumatic machine with vertical shaft, with tilting blades, characterized by the fact that, in view of converting the energy of a pressure fluid or of a fluid stream into mechanical energy and in view of achieving a symmetrical fluid circulation in the machine, consists of a stator (A) made up of a cylindrical shell ( 1 ) provided with two openings radially arranged to diametrically opposed directions—one for fluid inlet ( 2 ), eventually in the form of a convergent nozzle and one for fluid outlet ( 3 ), eventually in the form of a divergent nozzle and two fixed or detachable lids—an upper ( 4 ) and a lower ( 5 ) one; two coaxial rotors rotating to opposite senses from one another—an upper one (B) and a lower one (C)—in form of disks, with parallel front faces, each consisting either of a flat ring plane ( 6 ) provided on its front face, with several shaped grooves (b), equally spaced, wherein some tilting blades ( 12 ) are installed, or an external stiffening ring ( 16 ) provided with orifices (p) for the blade bearings, with of rods ( 17 ), known in themselves, radially arranged, also used as position limiters for the tilting blades ( 12 ) in passive position on the rotor, being shaped for this purpose to the blades profile, coupled by means of a frame ( 7 )—for the upper rotor (B)—to a disk ( 8 ) provided with a hub ( 10 ), fastened by elements known in themselves, onto an upper outlet shaft ( 52 )—for the lower rotor (C) respectively —to a disk ( 9 ) provided with a hub ( 11 ) fixed on a lower outlet shaft ( 53 ), the two shafts getting out either each through the lid adjacent to the respective rotor through some central orifices (w′, x′) of the lids ( 4 , 5 ) respectively being supported in some radial—axial bearings ( 54 ) also provided with sealing elements, known in themselves, or get out through the same lid of the casing (A), either the upper ( 4 ) or the lower ( 5 ) one, the rotor adjacent to the respective lid being fixed onto a tubular shaft ( 67 ) having a central channel (y′) getting out through the central orifice (w′), (x′) of the respective lid, resting on it by means of an axial—radial bearing ( 68 ) also provided with a sealing device, the other rotor being fixed on a central shaft ( 66 ) resting both in an axial - radial bearing ( 69 ), provided with a sealing device, mounted in the central channel (y′) of the tubular shaft ( 67 ) and, eventually, in an additional bearing ( 70 ) provided on a lid in its vicinity, the outer ends of the shafts being capable to be coupled to a power consumer each or among them, through known means, in order to covey the motion to one outlet shaft ( 55 , 72 respectively); a number of tilting blades ( 12 ), each consisting of a rectangular panel (c) or a panel having the shape of a distorted rectangular, with two opposite sides (d, e) in the form of an ellipse arc, with a plane upper face (h) and a lower face, either plane (i) and parallel to the upper one, or curve (j), eventually provided with stiffening ribs (k) and a cylindrical hub (f) the outer face of which is tangent to the upper face (h) of the panel, provided with a central orifice (g) fitted with a shaft ( 15 ), each blade ( 12 ) being fitted either in a groove (b), duly shaped to the lower face of the tilting blade, bordered at the outer end by a plane surface (o) or curve surface (s) provided with an orifice (p) and at the other end by a plane surface (q) or curve surface (t) respectively with an orifice (r), the two orifices being coaxial meant to fasten some radial or axial—radial bearings ( 13 ) and ( 14 ) respectively, known in themselves, for hinged connecting of the blade ( 12 ) by means of the shaft ( 15 ), or between the external ring ( 16 ) and frame ( 7 ) provided with radial bearing ( 13 ) and ( 14 ) respectively, or in the absence of the external ring ( 16 ), the tilting blades ( 12 ) are bracketed only in bearings ( 14 ) installed on the internal frame ( 7 ) of the rotor, also provided with position limiters ( 20 ) for blade support in passive position, the blades ( 12 ) being arranged on the front face of each rotor, radial, or so that the axis of each tilting blade makes with the tangent to the inner circular outline of the plane ( 6 ), drawn to the intersection point of respective axis, a β<90° angle with the vertex facing the rotor moving sense, so that each blade ( 12 ) should have the hub located to the moving sense of the respective rotor; one driving mechanism for each blade ( 12 ) constituted from a simple cinematic chain, made up, in different constructional variants, from known in themselves elements, e.g. a lever ( 21 ) either a gearing or a gearing with a rack tappet, which makes the coupling between the tilting blade shaft ( 15 ) or, in other constructional variant, directly between the tilting blade ( 12 )—which can freely rotate on its shaft and an element—either a roller ( 23 ), or a skid ( 43 ) located on the tilting blade ( 12 ) upper face into contact with one or both guiding faces of the cam corresponding to the respective rotor, so that the element acting the blade, determining its tilt during the rotation of the respective rotor, being able to be either the roller ( 23 ), into contact with the both guiding faces of the respective cam, from which, by means of the mentioned mechanism, the movement is conveyed to the blade shaft, or another element—assuring the permanent contact between the roller ( 23 ) or the skid ( 43 ) and the guiding face of the respective cam—e.g. the working fluid pressure acting on the active face of the tilting blade, properly shaped, or by means of counterweight properly installed on the lever arm attached to the blade shaft, or by means of springs acting properly either on the blade, if it can freely rotate on its shaft, or on the shaft fitted with the blade, or on other elements of the mechanism, all known in themselves; two cams, one for all the tilting blades on the upper rotor (B) and another for those on the lower rotor (C), made in different constructional variants, either in the shape of circle ( 24 , respectively 25 ), each having two guiding front faces or only one, fitted inside of a drum (D) or located on the upper lid ( 4 ) and on lower lid ( 5 ) of the casing (A), or radial cams ( 34 , respectively 35 ), each having two guiding radial faces or only one, fitted inside of the drum (D), or front cams ( 41 , respectively 42 ) having one guiding front face, fixed on the outer face of the drum (D), at its extremities the two cams having the same profile permitting, during a complete rotor rotation, that each tilting blade ( 12 ) occupy, due to its own driving mechanism, during a rotation fraction—defined by a specific angle γ—an active position—on the angular sectorγ 2 —wherein the upper face (h) of the blade makes an angle α≦90° with the front face of respective rotor, or a passive position—on the angular sector γ 4 —where the upper face (h) of the blade is within the plane of the front surface of the rotor, or a transition phase from passive to active position—on the angular sector γ 1 —or from the active to passive position—on the angular sector γ 3 —the cams being symmetrically arranged against the symmetry plane of the machine so that their guiding surfaces assure the symmetrical arrangement of the angular sector γ 1 ÷γ 4 specific to a rotor as compared to those specific to the other rotor against the symmetry plan of the machine; a drum (D) consisting of a central body ( 45 ), with a cylindrical outer face, interlocked to a deflector ( 46 ) with symmetrical lateral surfaces (u′) making a sharp angle between them and connected to the outside face of the body ( 45 ), eventually provided with some gaps (v′) having curve surfaces, permitting overlapping of the deflector ( 46 ) with the angular zone γ 1 , and a rib ( 47 ), diametrically opposed, some fitted with stiffening plates ( 48 , 49 ), fixed to the machine stator (A), in the symmetry plan of the machine, by means of spacers ( 50 ) and of one elements—screws, nuts—known in themselves, so that, inside the machine are formed two symmetrical, semicircular channels (a), having rectangular passage section, bordered by the front faces of the two rotors (B, C) moving to opposite sense to one another, the inner face of the stator (A) or, possibly, of a cylindrical segment ( 51 ) fixed on the inner face of the shell ( 1 ) within the zone covered by the angle γ2, in view of diminishing the clearance between the channel face and the outer edge of the blade in active position on the rotor, and the outer face of the drum (D), each taking over half of the inlet fluid flow to the machine, the cams ( 24 , 25 ) profile assuring the tilting of the blades ( 12 ) on each of the two rotors in active position in one of the two semicircular channels (a) so that the fluid pressure in each channel, acting on the lower face (i) or (j) of a rotor blade, during the time it is in active position, obstructing the channel section, determines the movement of respective rotor to the flowing sense of the fluid, whereas, due to the fluid flowing to the same sense in the two channels (a), the rotors (B, C) rotate to opposite sense.