Patent ID: 6767594
Filing Date: 2004-07-27
Classification: C09K,G02B,G02F

Abstract:
A polarizer, comprising a birefringent and anisotropically absorbing layer having a first refractive index that increases as the polarizable light wavelength increases and that is directly proportional to the polarizable light wavelength, at least for a certain range of wavelengths, wherein the at least one birefringent and anisotropically absorbing layer has a thickness such that an output of the polarizer coincides with an interference extremum of a linearly-polarized light component, and wherein the at least one birefringent and anisotropically absorbing layer is formed of:at least one organic salt of a dichroic anionic dye having the general formula: {Chromogen}-(XOâˆ’M+)n; wherein {Chromogen} is a dye chromophore system; wherein each X=CO, SO2, OSO2, or OPO(Oâˆ’M+); and wherein each M is independently RRâ€²NH2, RRâ€²Râ€³NH, RRâ€²Râ€³R{circumflex over ( )}N, or RRâ€²Râ€³{circumflex over ( )}P; wherein each of R, Râ€², Râ€³, and R{circumflex over ( )} is independently CH3, ClC2H4, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, C6H5CH2, a substituted phenyl or heteroaryl group, YHâ€”(CH2â€”CH2â€”Y)mâ€”CH2CH2 such that Y=O or NH and such that m=0-5, N-alkylpyridinium, N-alkylchinolinium, N-alkylimidazolinium, or N-alkylthiazolinium; and wherein n=1-7; at least one asymmetric mixed salt of a dichroic anionic dye with different cations having the general formula: (M1+Oâˆ’Xâ€²)mâ€”[M1+Oâˆ’Xâ€²â€”(CH2)pâ€”Z]g-{Chromogen}â€”[Zâ€”(CH2)pâ€”XOâˆ’M+]fâ€”(XOâˆ’M+)n â€ƒwherein {Chromogen} is a dye chromophore system; wherein each Z is independently SO2NH, SO2, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, or CH2; wherein each p is independently from 1-10; wherein each of f, g, n, and m are independently 0-9, wherein each of (n+f) and (m+g) are independently 1-10; wherein each of X and Xâ€² are independently CO, SO2, OSO2, or PO(Oâˆ’M+); wherein Mâ‰ M1, and wherein each M and M1 are independently H, an inorganic cation selected from the group consisting of NH4, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, and Co, an organic cation selected from the group consisting of RNH3, RRâ€²NH2, RRâ€²Râ€³NH, RRâ€²Râ€³R*N, and RRâ€²Râ€³R*P, such that each of R, Râ€², Râ€³, R* are independently alkyl or substituted alkyl groups selected from the group consisting of CH3, ClC2H4, HOC2H4, C2H5, C3H7, and C4H9, C6H5CH2, a substituted phenyl or heteroaryl group, YHâ€”(CH2â€”CH2â€”Y)kâ€”CH2CH2 such that each Y is independently O or NH and such that k=0-10, or a heteroaromatic cation selected from the group consisting of N-alkylpyridinium, N-alkylchinolinium, N-alkylimidazolinium, and N-alkythiazolinium; at least one associate of a dichroic anionic dye with a surface-active cation and/or an amphoteric surfactant having the general formula: (M+Oâˆ’Xâ€²)mâ€”[M+Oâˆ’Xâ€²â€”(CH2)pâ€”Z]g-{Chromogen}-[Zâ€”(CH2)pâ€”XOâˆ’SUR]fâ€”(XOâˆ’SUR)n â€ƒwherein {Chromogen} is a dye chromophore system; wherein each Z is independently SO2NH, SO2, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, or CH2; wherein each p is independently from 1-10; wherein each of f and n are independently 0-4; wherein each of g and m are independently 0-9; wherein (n+f)=1-4; wherein (m+g)=0-9; wherein each X and Xâ€² are independently CO, SO2, OSO2, or PO(Oâˆ’M+); wherein each M is independently H, an inorganic cation selected from the group consisting of NH4, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, and Co, an organic cation selected from the group consisting of RNH3, RRâ€²NH2, RRâ€²Râ€³NH, RRâ€²Râ€³R*N, and RRâ€²Râ€³R*P, where each of R, Râ€², Râ€³, R* are independently an alkyl or substituted alkyl group selected from the group consisting of CH3ClC2H4, HOC2H4, and C2H5â€”C10H21, C6H5CH2, a substituted phenyl or heteroaryl group, YHâ€”(CH2â€”CH2â€”Y)kâ€”CH2CH2 such that each Y is independently O or NH and such that k=0-10, a heteroaromatic cation selected from the group consisting of N-alkylpyridinium, N-alkylchinolinium, N-alkylimidazolinium, N-alkylthiazolinium, and Kâ€²SUR+; wherein each SUR is independently KSUR+, Kâ€²SUR+, or AmSUR; wherein KSUR+ and Kâ€²SUR+ are surface-active cations; and wherein AmSUR is an amphoteric surfactant; at least one associate of a dichroic cationic dye with a surface-active anion and/or an amphoteric surface-active dye having the general formula: (M+Oâˆ’X)mâ€”[M+Oâˆ’Xâ€²â€”(CH2)pâ€”Z]g-{Chromogen+}-SUR â€ƒwherein {Chromogen+} is a dye chromophore system; wherein each Z is independently SO2NH, SO2, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, or CH2; wherein each p is independently from 1-10; wherein each of g and m are independently 0-1, such that m+g=1; wherein each of X and Xâ€² are independently CO, SO2, OSO2, or PO(Oâˆ’M+); wherein each M is independently H, an inorganic cation selected from the group consisting of NH4, Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Fe, Ni, and Co, an organic cation selected from the group consisting of RNH3, RRâ€²NH2; RRâ€²Râ€³NH, RRâ€²Râ€³R*N, and RRâ€²Râ€³R*P; wherein each of R, Râ€², Râ€³, and R* are independently an alkyl or substituted alkyl group selected from the group consisting of CH3, ClC2H4, HOC2H4, and C2H5â€”C10H21, C6H5CH2, a substituted phenyl or heteroaryl group, YHâ€”(CH2â€”CH2â€”Y)kâ€”CH2CH2 such that each Y is independently O or NH and such that k=0-10, a heteroaromatic cation selected from the group consisting of N-alkylpyridinium, N-alkylchinolinium, N-alkylimidazolinium, N-alkylthiazolinium and KSUR+; wherein KSUR+ is a surface-active cation; wherein SUR=ASUR or AmSUR; wherein ASURâˆ’ is surface active cation; and wherein AmSUR is an amphoteric surfactant; at least one associate of a dichroic cationic dye with a surface-active cation and/or an amphoteric surfactant having the general formula: {Chromogen}-[Zâ€”(CH2)pâ€”X+RRâ€²Râ€³SUR]n â€ƒwherein {Chromogen} is a dye chromophore system; wherein each Z is independently SO2NH, SO2, CONH, CO, O, S, NH, or CH2; wherein each p is independently from 1-10; wherein each X is independently N or P; wherein each of R, Râ€², and Râ€³ are independently an alkyl or substituted alkyl group selected from the group consisting of CH3, ClC2H4, HOC2H4, C2H5, and C3H7; wherein each SUR is independently ASURâˆ’ or AmSUR; wherein ASURâˆ’ is a surface-active anion; wherein AmSUR is an amphoteric surfactant; and wherein n=1-4; at least one water-insoluble dichroic dye and/or pigment that do(es) not contain ionogenic or hydrophilic groups; at least one low-molecular weight thermotropic liquid-crystal substance being a dichroic dye or containing, as a component, a liquid-crystal and/or a dichroic dye other than a liquid-crystal dye, wherein the at least one low-molecular weight thermotropic liquid-crystal substance is vitrified; at least one polymer material other than liquid-crystal polymer material, having a controlled degree of hydrophilicity and having been dyed with a dichroic dye and/or an iodine compound; at least one polymer thermotropic liquid-crystal and/or non-liquid-crystal substance comprising solved in mass and/or chemically bonded with a polymer chain dichroic dyes; at least one dichroic dye capable of forming a lyotropic liquid-crystal phase; at least one polymeric dichroic dye; at least one water-soluble organic dye capable of forming a stable lyotropic liquid-crystal phase having the general formula: {Chromogen}-(SO3M)n, wherein {Chromogen} is a dye chromophore system; wherein each M is independently H or an inorganic cation; and wherein n=1 to 7; or a mixture thereof.