Patent ID: 6633551
Filing Date: 2003-10-14
Classification: H04B

Abstract:
An electromagnetic beam selection arrangement, said arrangement comprising:a first plurality of beamforming antenna elements, each having a port; a first set of hybrids including a second plurality, equal in number to said first plurality, of three-dB hybrids, each of said three-db hybrids of said first set of hybrids having first, second, third, and fourth ports, each of said three-dB hybrids providing transmission between said first port and said second and third ports with a relative amplitude of âˆ’3 dB and with quadrature phase between the signals appearing at said second and third ports, so long as said fourth port is terminated in the appropriate impedance, said first ports of each of said three-dB hybrids of said first set of hybrids being coupled by way of amplifiers to said ports of said beamforming elements, and said fourth ports of said hybrids of said first set of hybrids being terminated in said appropriate impedance; a second set of hybrids, said second set of hybrids including a third plurality, equal in number to said first plurality, of three-dB hybrids, each of which is electrically identical to a three-dB hybrid of said first set of hybrids, with said fourth ports of each of said three-dB hybrids of said second set of hybrids being terminated in said appropriate impedance; a redundant one of a source and sink of signal, said redundant one of a source and sink of signal including a fourth plurality of ports, said fourth plurality being equal in number to said first plurality, each of said ports of said redundant one of a source and sink of signal being coupled to a first port of one of said three-db hybrids of said second set of hybrids, and not to the ports of others of said three-db hybrids of said second set of hybrids; a set of RF switch cascades, each of said switch cascades including a cascade of at least two solid-state switches, each of said switch cascades being coupled between one of (a) a second port of a three-db hybrid of said first set of hybrids and a second port of a corresponding three-db hybrid of said second set of hybrids and (b) a third port of a three-db hybrid of said first set of hybrids and a third port of a corresponding three-db hybrid of said second set of hybrids, whereby a pair of said switch cascades connects each three-dB hybrid of said first set of hybrids to a corresponding one of said three-dB hybrids of said second set of hybrids; and a controller coupled to said solid-state switches of said set of switch cascades, said controller controlling said solid-state switches for (a) operating at least some of the solid-state switches of each switch cascade always to the same state, and (b) operating the solid-state switches of at least one switch cascade of that pair of switch cascades which couple together a selected three-db hybrid of said first set of hybrids with a corresponding three-db hybrid of said second set of hybrids to a state which provides coupling between said selected three-db hybrid and said corresponding three-db hybrid by way of said at least one switch cascade, while operating at least some of the solid-state switches of those pairs of switch cascades which couple together non-selected three-db hybrids of said first set of hybrids with corresponding ones of said three-db hybrids of said second set of hybrids to states which provide reduced coupling, and for sequentially selecting, in turn, each of said three-db hybrids of said first set of hybrids, whereby each of said beamforming antenna elements is sequentially selected and is coupled by redundant switch paths to said redundant one of said source and sink.