Patent ID: 9190810
Filing Date: 2015-11-17
Classification: H01S

Abstract:
1. A three-terminal vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) comprising: a substrate having at least a top surface and a bottom surface; an emitter contact corresponding to a first terminal; a first plurality of n-type layers disposed on top of the top surface of the substrate, wherein the first plurality of n-type layers comprise pairs of layers of alternating high and low refractive index that operate as a first distributed Bragg reflector (DBR); at least one n-type cavity confining layer disposed on top of the first plurality of n-type layers; a plurality of active layers containing one or more quantum wells disposed on top of the n-type cavity confining layer, the active layers comprising a light-emitting material and being either lightly p-doped or intrinsic; at least one p-type cavity confining layer disposed on top of the plurality of active layers; a base contact disposed on or in a portion of the p-type cavity confining layer such that the base contact is in contact with at least one of the active layers, the base contact corresponding to a second terminal of the VCSEL; a second plurality of n-type layers disposed on top of a portion of the p-type cavity confining layer, wherein the second plurality of layers comprise pairs of layers of alternating high and low refractive index that operate as a reflector; an n-type collector contact layer disposed on top of the second plurality of n-type layers; a collector contact disposed on or in a portion of the n-type collector contact layer, the collector contact corresponding to a third terminal of the VCSEL; and a third plurality of layers disposed on top of the collector contact layer, wherein the third plurality of layers comprise pairs of layers of alternating high and low refractive index that operate as a DBR, the third plurality of layers being one of non-conducting intrinsic semiconductor layers and dielectric material layers.