Patent ID: 8948881
Filing Date: 2015-02-03
Classification: A61N

Abstract:
1. An implantable electrode, comprising: a) a substrate selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, zirconium, iridium, platinum, palladium, niobium, and mixtures thereof; b) microscopic surface structures directly contacting at least a portion of the substrate, wherein the microscopic surface structures are of a first material in the form of columnar structures providing inter-columnar porosity between adjacent columns, and wherein the first material is selected from the group consisting of a nitride of the group consisting of boron, platinum, palladium, iridium, gold, titanium, tantalum, niobium, ruthenium, zirconium, and alloys and mixtures thereof; and c) secondary nanoscopic surface structures supported directly on the microscopic surface structures, wherein the secondary nanoscopic surface structures comprise a second material selected from the group consisting of a carbide, a nitride, a carbonitrides, and an oxide of the group consisting of carbon, boron, platinum, palladium, iridium, gold, titanium, tantalum, niobium, ruthenium, zirconium, and alloys and mixtures thereof.