Patent ID: 6377741
Filing Date: 2002-04-23
Classification: G02B,G21K

Abstract:
An apparatus comprising at least one wave guide w for de Broglie waves and at least one particle p interacting with said wave guide wherein:a) said particle p has momentum and energy and if said particle p is not a collectivity of identical particles and if it can be represented by an electromagnetic wave then it has a de Broglie wavelength &lgr;b equal to the wavelength &lgr; of that electromagnetic wave; b) said wave guide w having walls that define cross-sections Aj that define both a cutoff wavelength &lgr;c for said wave guide w and circumferences C(Aj) of the cross-sections Aj; c) each of said circumferences C(Aj) has either property I or property II: property I provides that: in every point of C(Aj) a left tangent to C(Aj) coincides with a right tangent to C(Aj); and property II provides that: there exists at least one point of C(Aj) in which a left tangent to C(Aj) does not coincide with a right tangent to C(Aj); d) each of said cross-sections Aj has at least one characteristic dimension; e) a characteristic dimension of a cross-section Aj having property I is the distance between two points on C(Aj) between which a particle transmitted by said wave guide w can move, provided: (i) the tangents in said two points to the circumference C(Aj) are parallel or anti-parallel to one another; (ii) a straight line connecting said two points is normal to said tangents; f) a characteristic dimension of a cross-section Aj having property II is equal to a diameter of the largest circle that can be bonded by cross-section Aj; g) there exists at least one set K of particles of the same kind; h) in a case where at least one particle is transmitted by said wave guide w, in said wave guide w, in a region R between two cross-sections A1 and A2 of w, the energy density &rgr;pu(R) of the particles being transmitted by said wave guide w that are elements of said set K or the average energy {overscore (U)}(R) of the particles being transmitted by said wave guide w that are elements of said set K, is a function of an average value d0 of the smallest characteristic dimensions of the cross-sections Aj situated between said two cross-sections, in such a way that &PartialD;Ï u&af;(R)&PartialD;d0&NotEqual;0&it;â€ƒ&it;or&it;â€ƒ&it;&PartialD;U^&af;(R)&PartialD;d0&NotEqual;0&it;â€ƒâ€ƒand, said average value d0 has the property that in the domain [d0,2d0] there exists a factor y and an average value d01 of the smallest characteristic dimension of wave guide w in the region R, so that &LeftBracketingBar;Ï u&af;(d01&it;{1-yÃ—0.06})-Ï u&af;(d01)Ï u&af;(d01)&RightBracketingBar;&GreaterEqual;yÃ—5Ã—10-2&it;â€ƒ&it;â€ƒ&it;or&LeftBracketingBar;U^&af;(R,d01&it;{1-yÃ—0.06})-U^&af;(R,d01)U^&af;(R,d01)&RightBracketingBar;&GreaterEqual;yÃ—5Ã—10-2&it;â€ƒ&it;â€ƒâ€ƒhold, where y meets 0(i) said particle p has one or more of the following interactions with said wave guide w: (i) transmission, (ii) reflection, (iii) emission, (iv) absorption, and (v) adsorption; (vi) such an interaction that the emission of radiation of wavelength &lgr;, meeting the condition &lgr;>&lgr;c1 is prevented.