Patent ID: 9157161
Filing Date: 2015-10-13
Classification: C23C,C25D,G01N

Abstract:
1. A method to prepare a multifunctional thin film surface, comprising: i) providing a conducting or semiconducting electrode, ii) electrodepositing a first aryl-onium molecule, having a first functional group, onto a surface of the electrode, wherein the first functional group is selective to a first target analyte, thereby providing an immobilized film of the first aryl-onium molecule, iii) electrochemical grafting a second molecule, having a second functional group, to the electrodeposited first aryl-onium molecule, wherein the second functional group is selective to a second target analyte and the second functional group is different than the first functional group, and wherein the electrochemical grafting provides a submonolayer of the second molecule grafted on the immobilized film, iv) treating a surface of the submonolayer with one or more whole cells, wherein the second target analyte is present on at least one of the one or more whole cells, v) reacting the second functional group with the second target analyte present on the at least one of the one or more whole cells, thereby providing the at least one of the one or more whole cells immobilized on the submonolayer of the second molecule, and vi) reacting the first functional group with the first target analyte, thereby providing the multifunctional thin film surface conjugated to the at least one of the one or more whole cells and the first target analyte.