Patent ID: 8411722
Filing Date: 2013-04-02
Classification: B82Y,H01S

Abstract:
1. A vertical cavity surface emitting laser comprising: a cavity constituted by a pair of reflectors on a substrate; and an active region interposed in the cavity, wherein at least one of the reflectors constituting the cavity includes a first photonic crystal layer, a second photonic crystal layer formed on the first photonic crystal layer, and a third photonic crystal layer formed on the second photonic crystal layer, wherein the first, second, and third photonic crystal layers include a first medium and a second medium so as to have a refractive index changing periodically in in-plane directions of the substrate, wherein the first medium is arranged in the first, second, and third photonic crystal layers such that the first medium has a diameter that is larger in the second photonic crystal layer than in the first photonic crystal layer, and that is larger in the third photonic crystal layer than in the second photonic crystal layer, wherein, in each of the first, second, and third photonic crystal layers, light resonates in an in-plane direction and exits in a perpendicular direction, and wherein the first, second, and third photonic crystal layer contains no defect, wherein the first photonic crystal layer and the second photonic crystal layer are different from each other in composition, wherein the second photonic crystal layer and the third photonic crystal layer are different from each other in composition and wherein light exits in an output direction and wherein the third photonic layer is farther from the substrate in the output direction than the first photonic layer and the second photonic layer.