Patent ID: 6937497
Filing Date: 2005-08-30
Classification: G11C

Abstract:
1. A magnetic random access memory (MRAM) comprising: a substrate; a plurality of first and second electrically conductive lines on the substrate, the second lines being located between the substrate and the first lines with the first lines overlapping the second lines and spaced from the second lines in a generally perpendicular direction from the substrate to define a plurality of intersection regions, the first line and second line at each intersection region being generally orthogonal; and a plurality of memory stacks, each memory stack located in an intersection region and comprising (a) a first memory cell having a pinned ferromagnetic layer, a synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) free layer with an in-plane easy axis of magnetization aligned nonparallel with both the first and second lines, and a nonmagnetic coupling layer between the pinned and free layers, (b) a second memory cell having a pinned ferromagnetic layer, a synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) free layer with an in-plane easy axis of magnetization aligned nonparallel with both the first and second lines and at an angle to the easy axis of magnetization of the free layer of the first cell, and a nonmagnetic coupling layer between the pinned and free layers, and (c) a nonmagnetic separation layer between said two memory cells.