---
license: cc-by-sa-4.0
tags:
  - earth-observation
  - remote-sensing
  - sentinel-2
  - multi-spectral
  - satellite
  - geospatial
size_categories:
  - 1M<n<10M
dataset_info:
  - config_name: default
    features:
      - name: product_id
        dtype: string
      - name: grid_cell
        dtype: string
      - name: product_datetime
        dtype: string
      - name: thumbnail
        dtype: image
      - name: B01
        dtype: binary
      - name: B02
        dtype: binary
      - name: B03
        dtype: binary
      - name: B04
        dtype: binary
      - name: B05
        dtype: binary
      - name: B06
        dtype: binary
      - name: B07
        dtype: binary
      - name: B08
        dtype: binary
      - name: B8A
        dtype: binary
      - name: B09
        dtype: binary
      - name: B10
        dtype: binary
      - name: B11
        dtype: binary
      - name: B12
        dtype: binary
      - name: cloud_mask
        dtype: binary
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files: images/*.parquet
  - config_name: metadata
    data_files: metadata.parquet
---

# Core-S2L1C

Contains a global coverage of Sentinel-2 (Level 1C) patches, each of size 1,068 x 1,068 pixels.

| Source | Sensing Type | Number of Patches | Patch Size | Total Pixels |
|--------|--------------|-------------------|------------|--------------|
|Sentinel-2 Level-1C |Optical Multispectral|2,245,886|1,068x1,068|2.56 Trillion|

## Content

| Column | Details | Resolution |
|--------|---------|------------|
| B01 | Coastal aerosol, 442.7 nm (S2A), 442.3 nm (S2B) | 60m | 
| B02 | Blue, 492.4 nm (S2A), 492.1 nm (S2B) | 10m | 
| B03 | Green, 559.8 nm (S2A), 559.0 nm (S2B) | 10m | 
| B04 | Red, 664.6 nm (S2A), 665.0 nm (S2B) | 10m | 
| B05 | Vegetation red edge, 704.1 nm (S2A), 703.8 nm (S2B) | 20m | 
| B06 | Vegetation red edge, 740.5 nm (S2A), 739.1 nm (S2B) | 20m | 
| B07 | Vegetation red edge, 782.8 nm (S2A), 779.7 nm (S2B) | 20m | 
| B08 | NIR, 832.8 nm (S2A), 833.0 nm (S2B) | 10m | 
| B8A | Narrow NIR, 864.7 nm (S2A), 864.0 nm (S2B) | 20m | 
| B09 | Water vapour, 945.1 nm (S2A), 943.2 nm (S2B) | 60m | 
| B10 | SWIR – Cirrus, 1373.5 nm (S2A), 1376.9 nm (S2B) | 60m |
| B11 | SWIR, 1613.7 nm (S2A), 1610.4 nm (S2B) | 20m | 
| B12 | SWIR, 2202.4 nm (S2A), 2185.7 nm (S2B) | 20m |
| cloud_mask | Cloud Mask produced by [SEnSeI](https://huggingface.co/aliFrancis/SEnSeIv2) | 10m |
| thumbnail | RGB composite [B04, B03, B02] saved as png | 10m | 

## Spatial Coverage
This is a global monotemporal dataset. Nearly every piece of Earth captured by Sentinel-2 is contained at least once in this dataset (and only once, excluding some marginal overlaps).

The following figure demonstrates the spatial coverage (only black pixels are absent):
![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/6304c06eeb6d777a838eab63/2KTarfsM0a1dNYEbXriUH.png)

## Example Use

Interface scripts are available at https://github.com/ESA-PhiLab/Major-TOM

Here's a sneak peek with a thumbnail image:
```python
from fsspec.parquet import open_parquet_file
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image

PARQUET_FILE = 'part_03900' # parquet number
ROW_INDEX = 42 # row number (about 500 per parquet)

url = "https://huggingface.co/datasets/Major-TOM/Core-S2L1C/resolve/main/images/{}.parquet".format(PARQUET_FILE)
with open_parquet_file(url,columns = ["thumbnail"]) as f:
    with pq.ParquetFile(f) as pf:
        first_row_group = pf.read_row_group(ROW_INDEX, columns=['thumbnail'])

stream = BytesIO(first_row_group['thumbnail'][0].as_py())
image = Image.open(stream)
```

## Cite
[![arxiv](https://img.shields.io/badge/Open_Access-arxiv:2402.12095-b31b1b)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.12095/)
```latex
@inproceedings{Major_TOM,
  title={Major TOM: Expandable Datasets for Earth Observation}, 
  author={Alistair Francis and Mikolaj Czerkawski},
  year={2024},
  eprint={2402.12095},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.CV}
}
```

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