MRMRbenchmark/traffic huggingface dataset:
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS (TRAFFIC LIGHTS)  

57 Traffic Lights  
  

ADVANCED WARNING LIGHTS  
A signal with two "flashing amber" lights, "light signals ahead" sign and a blue "prepare to stop" sign. It is erected before bends where visibility of the traffic light ahead is unsatisfactory. Vehicles should slow down and be prepared to stop.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS (TRAFFIC LIGHTS)  

57 Traffic Lights  
  

GREEN ARROW
Means "GO" in the direction indicated.
(Turn right)
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS (TRAFFIC LIGHTS)  

57 Traffic Lights  
  

AMBER ARROW  
Means "READY TO STOP" behind the stop-line in the direction indicated.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS (TRAFFIC LIGHTS)  

57 Traffic Lights  
  

RED ARROW  
Means "STOP" behind the stop-line in the direction indicated. (Do not turn right even when there is no traffic from the opposite direction)
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS (ON THE ROAD)  

58 Intelligent Road Studs 
  

Road Studs in the Day  
  

Road Studs at Night  

Blinking devices that are activated when the green man signal comes on. Turning vehicles should watch out and give way to pedestrians crossing the road.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS GIVEN BY A POLICE OFFICER  

59	 Signals given by Police Officers directing traffic take precedence over those conveyed by road signs, traffic light signals, road markings and traffic regulations.  
  

(a) Vehicles approaching Police Officer from all directions to stop.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS GIVEN BY A POLICE OFFICER  

59	 Signals given by Police Officers directing traffic take precedence over those conveyed by road signs, traffic light signals, road markings and traffic regulations.  

  
(b)

(i) Vehicles approaching Police Officer from front and behind to stop.

(ii) Vehicles approaching from his/her right and left may proceed.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS GIVEN BY A POLICE OFFICER  

59	 Signals given by Police Officers directing traffic take precedence over those conveyed by road signs, traffic light signals, road markings and traffic regulations.  

  
 

(c)

(i) Vehicles approaching Police Officer from his/her right, front and behind to stop.

(ii) Vehicles approaching from his/her left may proceed.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS GIVEN BY A POLICE OFFICER  

59	 Signals given by Police Officers directing traffic take precedence over those conveyed by road signs, traffic light signals, road markings and traffic regulations.  
  

(d)

(i) Vehicles approaching Police Officer from front and behind to stop.

(ii) Vehicles approaching from his/her right may proceed. Vehicles approaching from his/her left be ready to stop - signal is about to change.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS GIVEN BY A POLICE OFFICER  

59	 Signals given by Police Officers directing traffic take precedence over those conveyed by road signs, traffic light signals, road markings and traffic regulations.  
  

(e)

(i) Vehicles approaching Police Officer from his/her left, front and behind to stop.

(ii) Vehicles approaching from his/her right be ready to stop. Signal is about to change.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS GIVEN BY A POLICE OFFICER  

59	 Signals given by Police Officers directing traffic take precedence over those conveyed by road signs, traffic light signals, road markings and traffic regulations.  
 

  

(f)

(i) Right-turning vehicles in front of Police Officer may proceed.

(ii) Vehicles approaching from all other directions to stop.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# PROVISIONAL DRIVING LICENCE (PDL)  

6 After passing your BTT, you may apply for a Provisional Driving Licence (PDL) to start learning to drive or ride on the roads with your driving instructor. A PDL is valid for 2 years from the date of grant and can be renewed subsequently for every 2 years.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# HAND SIGNALS  

60 Before you:  

(a) Turn or move towards the right/left;

(b) Stop or slow down;

(c) Pull out from a parking place; or

(d) Pull out to pass, 

give a clear signal and in good time to let other road users know your intention.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE KEEP-LEFT RULE  

61	 When driving along two-way streets, keep well to the left and as near as practicable to the boundary of the road, except when you intend to overtake or turn right. Do not hog the middle of the road. This applies to dual-carriageways as well.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE KEEP-LEFT RULE  

62	 You must not cross the centre line at bends, near the crest of a rise or anywhere else where you cannot clearly see the road ahead
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE KEEP-LEFT RULE  

63	 Sometimes your path of travel may be obstructed by road works, parked vehicles etc. In such circumstances, to avoid the obstruction, take extra care to ensure that your intended path is safe and clear before you move to the right. You may cross the centre line if the roads are narrow.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LANE DISCIPLINE  

64  You must obey the directions indicated by arrows marked in the lanes. See illustration below. You must not change lanes suddenly as you may inconvenience or endanger other motorists. When changing lanes, give sufficient warning of your intention. Always signal in advance. Failure to do so could cause an accident.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LANE DISCIPLINE  

65 In traffic hold-ups, do not "jump the queue". Trying to get ahead of others by squeezing between lanes and overtaking recklessly is courting disaster. Always be patient and have consideration for other road users.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LANE DISCIPLINE  

66	 Well before you reach a junction, make sure that you get into the correct lane for whichever direction you wish to take.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LANE DISCIPLINE  

67 On a two-lane carriageway, keep to the lefthand lane except when overtaking.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LANE DISCIPLINE  

68 On a three-lane carriageway, you may keep to the centre lane when the left-hand lane is occupied by slower moving vehicles. The outer (right-hand) lane is for overtaking and emergency vehicles only.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# OVERTAKING  

69 Never overtake unless you can do so without endangering yourself or others. Be especially careful at night, and in heavy rain and mist. When visibility is poor, it becomes more difficult to judge speed and distance.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# PROVISIONAL DRIVING LICENCE (PDL)  

7	 As a PDL holder, you must display two 18 cm square ‘L’ plates, in a conspicuous position on both the front and back of your motor vehicle during your driving lessons and driving tests, as well as be insured against third\-party risk, during your driving tests and driving lessons. You can only drive whilst under the supervision of your licensed driving instructor or driving school’s driving instructor.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# OVERTAKING  

70	 Always overtake on the right. Tere are, however, a few exceptions to this rule when you can overtake on the left:  

(a) When the driver in front has signalled his/her intention to turn right.

(b) When you want to turn left at a junction.

(c) When traffic is moving slowly in queues and vehicles in the lanes on your right are moving more slowly than you are.

(d) On one-way streets (but not dual-carriageways) where vehicles may pass on either side.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# OVERTAKING  

71	 After overtaking, return to the appropriate lane on the road as soon as it is safe to do so, but do not cut in sharply in front of the vehicle you have just overtaken.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# OVERTAKING  

72	 Do not overtake when you are at, or when you are approaching:  

(a) A pedestrian crossing.

(b) A road junction.

(c) A corner or bend.

(d) The brow of a hill.

(e) Double white lines.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# OVERTAKING  

73 Do not overtake:  

(a) Where the road narrows.

(b) If it would force another vehicle to swerve or reduce speed.

(c) If in doubt.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# OVERTAKING  

74 Do not increase your speed while being overtaken. Slow down if necessary to let the overtaking vehicle pass.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# OVERTAKING  

75  In the following cases, overtaking is dangerous and should not be attempted: (a) When the car in front of you is about to overtake the car in front of it. (b) When the car in front is changing from the left to the right lane in order to make a right turn. (c) When you have to get into the path of oncoming traffic in order to overtake.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# OVERTAKING  

76 Correct method of overtaking - The 12 steps illustrated below show you the correct method of overtaking another vehicle safely.  
  

1 CHECK TRAFFIC AHEAD
2 CHECK TRAFFIC BEHIND
3 SIGNAL RIGHT
4 CHECK BLIND SPOT
5 MOVE RIGHT
6 ACCELERATE
7 TAP HORN (if necessary)
8 CHECK MIRROR
9 SIGNAL LEFT
10 MOVE LEFT
11 CANCEL SIGNAL
12 RESUME NORMAL SPEED
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# ROAD-HOGGING  

77 Road-Hogg is driving at an unreasonably slow speed on the road especially on the right-hand or along the centre of the road. Road-Hogg hinders the flow of traffic behind and may cause other vehicles to pass dangerously on the left. Motorists who travel at a slow speed should keep to the left side of the road; this applies especially to small capacity motorcycles, goods vehicles and lorries. You should only use the right hand lane when overtaking or when you are about to turn right or make a U-turn.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# SPEED LIMITS  

78	 Unless otherwise stated, the speed limit of all roads in Singapore is 50 km/h. Do not exceed the speed limit of your vehicle or the road, whichever is the lesser.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# SPEED LIMITS  

79 Always obey the "Reduce Speed Now" sign.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# PROVISIONAL DRIVING LICENCE (PDL)  

8 To apply for a PDL, an applicant must fulfil the following eligibility requirements at the date of the application:  

(a) He/She has not accumulated more than 12 demerit points;

(b) He/She has passed his/her BTT;

(c) He/She must be able to read at a distance of 25 metres (with the aid of glasses, if worn) a series of 6 letters and figures in white on a black background of the same size and arrangement as those prescribed for the identification mark of a motor vehicle; and

(d) He/She must be able to distinguish the colours red, amber and green from a distance of 25 metres.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE 'GIVE WAY' RULE AT ROAD JUNCTIONS  

80	 When approaching a junction with a major road, slow down gradually and give way to traffic on the major road. Where there is a “STOP” sign, stop before the stop-line.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE 'GIVE WAY' RULE AT ROAD JUNCTIONS  

81 At an uncontrolled junction where there are no traffic lights, "GIVE WAY" sign or "STOP" sign: 

(a) If you are going straight across the junction, you must give way to traffic going straight from the right.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE 'GIVE WAY' RULE AT ROAD JUNCTIONS  

81 At an uncontrolled junction where there are no traffic lights, "GIVE WAY" sign or "STOP" sign:  

(b) If you are turning right, you must give way to traffic going straight from all directions, as well as traffic turning right from the right and traffic turning left from the opposite direction.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE 'GIVE WAY' RULE AT ROAD JUNCTIONS  

81 At an uncontrolled junction where there are no traffic lights, "GIVE WAY" sign or "STOP" sign: 

(c) If you are turning left, you must give way to traffic going straight from the right.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE 'GIVE WAY' RULE AT ROAD JUNCTIONS  

82	 At a junction, look right, then left, then right again. Do not proceed until you are sure that it is safe to do so. Do not rely on signals to go ahead given by unauthorised persons.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE 'GIVE WAY' RULE AT ROAD JUNCTIONS  

83	 Well before you turn right at a junction, take full account of the position and movement of tra$c$cs behind you. When it is safe to do so, signal your intention and take up a position just left of the middle of a two-way street or to the extreme right lane of a one-way street. Wait there until there is a safe distance between you and any approaching vehicle before you complete your turn.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE 'GIVE WAY' RULE AT ROAD JUNCTIONS  

84	 When turning right into a two-way street, turn into the lane just left of the centre line of the road you are turning into.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE 'GIVE WAY' RULE AT ROAD JUNCTIONS  

85	 When turning right into a one-way street, turn into the extreme right lane of the road you are turning into.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE 'GIVE WAY' RULE AT ROAD JUNCTIONS  

86	 If you intend to turn left, keep to the left, signal in good time, and do not swing out to the right before or after making the turn.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# THE 'GIVE WAY' RULE AT ROAD JUNCTIONS  

87	 When a vehicle turns, the rear nearside wheel tends to pull closer to the kerb. So when making a turn, take special care not to brush against pedestrians, bicycles or motorcycles.  
  

Notice the wide difference between the arcs that the front an84	 When turning right into a two-way street, turn into the lane just left of the centre line of the road you are turning into. d rear nearside wheels take when making a turn.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# ROUNDABOUTS  

88	 Slow down when approaching a roundabout and give way to traffic on your right.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# ROUNDABOUTS  

89	 The general rule is that:  

(a) traffic from lane A as in the illustration goes to ‘A’.
(b) traffic from lane B goes to ‘B’.
(c) traffic from lane C goes to ‘C’.  
  

REMEMBER - Traffic coming from your right takes priority over you.   

Rules for Motorists  

You must always give way to traffic approaching from your right. You are advised to exercise caution at all times, and decide as early as possible which exit you need to take. Take note of and act on all the information available to you from traffic signs, traffic lights and road markings that direct you into the correct lane. Always remember that you have to:-  

(a) Give clear signals showing your intention in good time; (b) Obey the right-hand rule; (c) Not inconvenience other drivers; (d) Use your mirror intelligently to see that you do not obstruct the path of vehicles behind you; and (e) Show consideration to other road users in the interest of road safety.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# VALIDITY OF DRIVING LICENCE  

9	 If you are a Singapore Citizen or a Permanent Resident, your driving licence will be valid for your lifetime. However, if you are a foreigner and a holder of a work pass granted by the Ministry of Manpower (for example: Employment Pass, S-Pass, Work Permit, Dependent Pass issued with restriction as to his/her period of stay in Singapore), your driving licence will be valid for a period up to 5 years.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# DRIVING ON EXPRESSWAYS  

90 Do not drive, move or stop on road shoulder or verge unless in the event of a breakdown, accident or emergency.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# DRIVING ON EXPRESSWAYS  

91	 Vehicles which have a speed limit of 60 km/h and below shall be driven along the left hand lane of the expressway.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# DRIVING ON EXPRESSWAYS  

92	 Cycling, skating and walking are prohibited on expressways.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# YELLOW-BOX JUNCTIONS  

93	 It is an offence for any driver to drive his/her vehicle into a junction marked with a yellow box and cause obstruction even if the lights are in his/her favour. However, there are certain situations in which a driver or rider will not be penalised for entering the yellow-box junction.  

(a) Situation One  

The first is when the turning vehicles in a box-junction do not block other vehicles. Only drivers of turning vehicles A, B and C and NOT those marked X may enter the yellow box when their exit lanes from it are blocked by other vehicles. Should the traffic lights change to red, vehicles A, B and C would not cause any obstruction to other vehicles. However, vehicles marked X would be obstructing traffic should the lights change and the drivers will be penalised, as such they should wait behind the stop-line at 'Y'.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# YELLOW-BOX JUNCTIONS  

93	 It is an offence for any driver to drive his/her vehicle into a junction marked with a yellow box and cause obstruction even if the lights are in his/her favour. However, there are certain situations in which a driver or rider will not be penalised for entering the yellow-box junction.  

(b) Situation Two  

The second situation is when motorists are waiting in the yellow box while trying to turn right in the face of oncoming traffic Drivers of vehicles marked A, B and C can remain in the box until a suitable opportunity arises for them to complete their turns. Should the lights turn red against them, they should proceed to complete their turn and clear the yellow box junction.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# YELLOW-BOX JUNCTIONS  

93	 It is an offence for any driver to drive his/her vehicle into a junction marked with a yellow box and cause obstruction even if the lights are in his/her favour. However, there are certain situations in which a driver or rider will not be penalised for entering the yellow-box junction.  

(c) Situation Three  

The third situation is when motorists are waiting in a yellow box junction while making left or right turns because of pedestrians crossing the road. The diagram shows that the drivers of vehicles A, B, C, D and E may enter the yellow box even when they are prevented from executing their turns by pedestrians using the crossings.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# U-TURNS  

94 Do not make a U-turn at any road intersection, junction or any opening in a road divider except where a U-turn sign is located.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# U-TURNS  

95 Always negotiate a U-turn carefully, especially if roadside trees or hedges are obstructing your view of oncoming traffic. As you turn, be alert for any vehicles, especially motorcycles, which may be turning together with you on your right.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# STOPPING AND PARKING  

96 Do not park or let your vehicle wait:  

(a) At a bend, the brow of a hill or a bridge.

(b) On a footway or cycle track.

(c) Near traffic lights or pedestrian crossings.

(d) On a main road or on a road carrying fast moving traffic.

(e) Opposite or nearly opposite another stationary vehicle across the road, or other obstructions (eg. road repairs).  

(f) Abreast of another vehicle.  

(g) Within 6 metres (20 feet) of an intersection or junction of any road or street (as shown in the diagram below).

(h) Within 9 metres (30 feet) of a bus stop (from the edge of a yellow demarcated box or from the tip of a bus bay except when the vehicle breaks down owing to a defect in the vehicle or its tyres).

(i) Within 3 meters (10 feet) on either side of fire hydrant.  

(j) Where it will obstruct any entrance.
(k) Facing oncoming traffic.
(l) Along any slip road.
(m) On a flyover, underpass or ramp leading to a flyover or underpass.
(n) On a grass verge or on a road shoulder.
(o) In any bus lane.
(p) In any designated taxi stop (except taxis).
(q) In any taxi stand (except taxis).
(r) In any bus terminus (except omnibuses).
(s) Within "No Waiting" zone
(t) Within "No Stopping" zone  
  

(Note: Parking means to bring the vehicle to a stationary position and cause it to wait other than for the immediate picking up or letting down of passengers.)
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# STOPPING AND PARKING  

97 Before opening a door of a vehicle, make sure that it will not endanger or inconvenience anybody on the road or foot-path. Get out on the side nearest to the kerb whenever it is possible.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# STOPPING AND PARKING  

98	 When you have to stop, pull in as close as possible to the edge of the road.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# STOPPING AND PARKING  

99 Whenever you park, remember to:  

(a) Turn off the engine and engage the hand-brake.

(b) Put your car into reverse gear if facing downhill and into low gear if facing uphill.

(c) Remove the ignition key.

(d) Lock the steering mechanism or activate the burglar alarm if your car is fitted with one.

(e) Wind up the windows and lock the doors.

(f) Keep your valuables in the boot or in a place where they cannot be seen.
# INTRODUCTION  

# THE SAFE DRIVER  

1 A good driver is not merely one who is skilful in handling his/her vehicle competently but more importantly is one who is safe. In addition to being skilful, a good driver must also be patient, considerate and courteous. He/She must have a sense of responsibility for the safety of other road users and the ability to concentrate, anticipate and react appropriately while driving.
# OPERATION OF VEHICLE CONTROLS  

# NAMES AND FUNCTIONS OF CONTROLS  
  

<html>
<table>  <thead> <tr><th>(1) Steering Wheel</th><th>For controlling the direction of travel, as it operates only on the two front wheels</th> </tr>  </thead>  <tbody> <tr><th>(2) Gear Lever For Manual Transmission Vehicle</th><th>For the changing of gears to regulate the power and speed of the vehicle</th> </tr> <tr><th>(3) Handbrake</th><th>For keeping the vehicle in a stationary position</th> </tr> <tr><th>(4) Accelerator Pedal</th><th>For regulating speed of vehicle</th> </tr> <tr><th>(5) Brake Pedal</th><th>For reducing speed or stopping</th> </tr> <tr><th>(6) Clutch Pedal</th><th>For transmitting or disconnecting engine power</th> </tr>  </tbody></table>
</html>  

# Steering Wheel  

10 The correct amount of steering adjustment and the correct speed at which it should be done to suit varying road conditions and to negotiate bends can only come with constant practice.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# CHANGING GEARS

100 The lower the gear, the more effective the engine-brake. This is especially useful when driving down a hill where there is a need to control the speed of descent of your vehicle.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# CHANGING GEARS

101 The advantages of applying the engine-brake are:  

(a) More effective braking when done together with the footbrake;

(b) The vehicle is unlikely to skid when braking;

(c) The brake-linings of your vehicle will not 'fade' when braking down a long steep slope.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# NEGOTIATING BENDS 

102 When negotiating a bend, observe:  

(a) Your speed and distance before entering the bend;

(b) The curvature of the bend;

(c) The traffic situation ahead.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# NEGOTIATING BENDS 

103 Decide on:  

(a) A suitable speed and gear for the vehicle;

(b) The path of travel you intend to take;

(c) The appropriate action to take after the bend.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# NEGOTIATING BENDS 

104 Negotiate a gradual bend in the following manner:  
  

At 'a'  

(i) Consider your speed and distance on approaching the bend;

(ii) Release the accelerator pedal;

(iii) Change to a lower gear (usually the 3rd gear).  

At 'b'  

(i) Depress the accelerator pedal lightly to maintain a steady speed;

(ii) Maintain position of the vehicle in your lane, preferably in the centre;

(iii) Do not shift your body while turning the steering wheel.  

At 'c'  

(i) Look far ahead;

(ii) If the traffic situation is favourable, accelerate quickly as the steering wheel is returning to its original position;

(iii) Change to a higher gear.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# NEGOTIATING BENDS 

105 To negotiate a sharp bend follow the steps below:  
  

At 'a'  

(i) Consider your speed and distance from the bend;

(ii) Release the accelerator pedal;

(iii) Depress the brake pedal if the speed is still too fast;

(iv) Change down to a lower gear (the 3rd or 2nd gear).  

At 'b'  

(i) Depress the accelerator pedal lightly to maintain a steady speed;

(ii) Do not apply your brakes at this stage;

(iii) Adjust your path of travel. On a right hand bend, keep close to the left to increase your field of vision. On a left hand bend, keep near to the centre line;

(iv) Keep your body steady so that you can turn the steering wheel comfortably.  

At 'c'  

(i) Look far ahead;

(ii) If the traffic situation is favourable, accelerate quickly when the front wheels are straightened;

(iii) Change to the next higher gear.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# CHANGING LANES

106 The most difficult aspect of changing lanes is the estimation of speed and distance of vehicles approaching from behind. As such, drivers will have to confirm the situation with regular glances at the mirror inside the cabin as well as the wing mirror. To change lanes safely, this is what you should do:  
  

At 'a'  

(i) Check mirrors;

(ii) Signal your intention;

(iii) Check blind spots.  

At 'b'  

(i) Adjust your speed;

(ii) You may have to slow down or speed up depending on the traffic situation behind you.  

At 'c'  

(i) When it is safe, accelerate smoothly and steer gently into the lane intended without interrupting the flow to traffic.  

At 'd'  

(i) Cancel your signal and resume your normal speed.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# CHANGING LANES

107 You should not change lanes or cross the centre dividing line unnecessarily.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# CHANGING LANES

108 Always keep well to the left when driving along two-way streets or dual-carriageways, unless your path of travel is obstructed by road works, parked vehicles, etc. In such circumstance, you may cross the centre line or move to the lane on your right. On doing so, take care to ensure that your intended path is safe and clear before you move to the right.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# CHANGING LANES

109 Where there are two lanes, the left lane is for normal driving and the right lane is for overtaking and turning right.
# OPERATION OF VEHICLE CONTROLS  

# NAMES AND FUNCTIONS OF CONTROLS  
  

<html>
<table>  <thead> <tr><th>(1) Steering Wheel</th><th>For controlling the direction of travel, as it operates only on the two front wheels</th> </tr>  </thead>  <tbody> <tr><th>(2) Gear Lever For Manual Transmission Vehicle</th><th>For the changing of gears to regulate the power and speed of the vehicle</th> </tr> <tr><th>(3) Handbrake</th><th>For keeping the vehicle in a stationary position</th> </tr> <tr><th>(4) Accelerator Pedal</th><th>For regulating speed of vehicle</th> </tr> <tr><th>(5) Brake Pedal</th><th>For reducing speed or stopping</th> </tr> <tr><th>(6) Clutch Pedal</th><th>For transmitting or disconnecting engine power</th> </tr>  </tbody></table>
</html>  

# Steering Wheel  

11 The steering wheel should be turned to suit the curvature of the road. Drivers should always look far ahead for varying road conditions so that adjustments to steering grip and vehicle speed can be made before turning.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# CHANGING LANES

110 Where there are three lanes, the left lane is for slower vehicles, the centre is for faster vehicles and right lane is for vehicles overtaking and turning right.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# CHANGING LANES

111 Plan your route ahead, choose the appropriate lane and remain in your own lane as far as possible. Do not straddle two lanes simultaneously. If your have missed a turn, do not stop suddenly, reverse or swerve sharply into the desired lane. You should proceed and leave by the next turn.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

112 Many traffic accidents occur at a traffic junctions. It is therefore important for you to analyse situations at junctions quickly and accurately to enable you to select the correct speed and operate your vehicle's controls smoothly. Analysis should be done continuously as the traffic situation is always changing.  
  

Look our for:  

(a) Traffic lights;

(b) Vehicles travelling across the road;

(c) Oncoming vehicles;

(d) Pedestrians waiting to cross, or crossing the road.  

Decide on:  

(a) The position to begin signalling;

(b) The position to begin lane changing;

(c) Your final position;

(d) Your turning path.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

113 When passing through a traffic junction adopt the procedure shown below:  

(1) TURNING LEFT  
  

At 'a'  

Check your front and rear for vehicles and other road users.  

At 'b'  

Signal your intention early.  

At 'c'  

Check your left blind spot and if it is safe, keep left.  

At 'd'  

Reduce your speed.  

At 'e'  

Check if the traffic light allows you to proceed. If not, stop behind the stop line.  

At 'f'  

Look right and ahead to confirm that it is safe to proceed. Keep a look-out for two-wheeled vehicles before you make the turn. Always give way to pedestrians crossing at the junction.  

At 'g'  

Turn into the nearest lane. After turning left, increase your speed accordingly.  

(2) GOING STRAIGHT  
  

At 'a'  

Select the appropriate lane as indicated by the road markings.  

At 'b'  

Reduce speed as you approach the junction.  

At 'c'  

Check if the traffic light allows you to proceed. If not, stop behind the stop line.  

At 'd'  

Check if there are any pedestrians crossing the junction.  

At 'e'  

Look out for oncoming vehicles which may cross your path.  

At 'f'  

Increase your speed accordingly.  

(3) TURNING RIGHT  
  

At 'a'  

Check your front and rear for vehicles and other road users.  

At 'b'  

Signal your intention early.  

At 'c'  

Check your right blind spot and if it is safe, take up the appropriate lane as indicated by the road markings.  

At 'd'  

Reduce your speed.  

At 'e'  

Check if the traffic light allows you to proceed. If not, stop behind the stop line.  

At 'f'  

Drive slowly and cautiously towards the centre of the junction; Give way to oncoming vehicles; Wait until it is safe to cross or wait for the green arrow signal to appear; Turn swiftly to the correct lane keeping a look-out for pedestrians crossing at the junction.  

At 'g'  

Increase your speed accordingly.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

114 If you are following behind another vehicle, especially a large vehicle, keep a safe distance. You will not be able to see the traffic lights if you are too close behind a large vehicle.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

115 At most junctions, the lanes are individually marked for specific directions. Always obey the lane markings. If you are not in the correct lane for the chosen direction, do not change lane suddenly. Get into the correct lane early.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

116 When turning right into a 'shared' lane for turning right and going straight, signal early so that straight-going vehicles from behind can take an alternate lane to proceed.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

117 When going straight, avoid using the 'shared' lane so as not to obstruct vehicles turning right when the traffic light changes to 'red' for vehicles going straight.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

118 Do not accelerate when you are approaching a signalized junction. Always be prepared for the signal light to change by reducing your speed. This will give you time to decelerate evenly when the traffic light changes from green to amber.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

119 When the traffic light has just turned amber and you are:  
  

(a) At 'a' and there is enough distance before the stop line, slow down and stop at the 'stop line';

(b) At 'b' and you are too near the stop line and you cannot possibly stop safely before the 'stop line', you may proceed.
# OPERATION OF VEHICLE CONTROLS  

# NAMES AND FUNCTIONS OF CONTROLS  
  

<html>
<table>  <thead> <tr><th>(1) Steering Wheel</th><th>For controlling the direction of travel, as it operates only on the two front wheels</th> </tr>  </thead>  <tbody> <tr><th>(2) Gear Lever For Manual Transmission Vehicle</th><th>For the changing of gears to regulate the power and speed of the vehicle</th> </tr> <tr><th>(3) Handbrake</th><th>For keeping the vehicle in a stationary position</th> </tr> <tr><th>(4) Accelerator Pedal</th><th>For regulating speed of vehicle</th> </tr> <tr><th>(5) Brake Pedal</th><th>For reducing speed or stopping</th> </tr> <tr><th>(6) Clutch Pedal</th><th>For transmitting or disconnecting engine power</th> </tr>  </tbody></table>
</html>  

# Steering Wheel  

12 While negotiation a gradual bend, turn the steering wheel gradually without shifting the position of both hands. After the bend, turn the steering wheel back to its original position to resume a straight course.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

120 When the road ahead is congested, never proceed even if the traffic light is in your favour regardless of whether it is a yellow-box junction.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

121 In a traffic hold-up, it is courteous to allow vehicles in the minor road to proceed even in the absence of the yellow-box.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

122 (a) Always stop before the stop line. Do not obstruct pedestrians by stopping over the line.  

(b) When the traffic light facing you turns green, look to the left and right for other vehicles before you start to move off.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

123 At a complex junction where many traffic lights are installed, obey the traffic lights facing you.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

124 After you have stopped at the red light, pull up the handbrake in order to prevent any accidental movement.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

125 When turning left or right at a signalised junction, remember that the pedestrian crossing lights on your left and right may also be green to allow pedestrians to cross the roads to your left and right. Proceed cautiously and if there are pedestrians give way by coming to a complete halt. Proceed only when the pedestrians have cleared your path. Never make a turn in the face of a pedestrian.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

126 The traffic lights are out of order when the amber lights flash continuously. If this happens, slow down and look out for the other vehicles. Also look out for the police officer who may be controlling traffic and obey his/her hand signals.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

127 
  

(a) At junctions with a STOP sign, stop behind the stop-line and give way to traffic on the main road.  
  

(b) At junctions with a GIVE WAY sign, slow down or stop if necessary to give way to traffic on the main road.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

128 Reduce your speed as you approach a side road. Keep a lookout for other road users, first to the right, then to the left. Get ready to stop if necessary.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

129 If you intend to turn left into a minor road:  

(a) Signal your intention early;

(b) Keep left and slow down as you approach the junction;

(c) Never make a wide turn just because the angle is acute;

(d) Slow down further to complete the turn if the angle is too acute.
# OPERATION OF VEHICLE CONTROLS  

# NAMES AND FUNCTIONS OF CONTROLS  
  

<html>
<table>  <thead> <tr><th>(1) Steering Wheel</th><th>For controlling the direction of travel, as it operates only on the two front wheels</th> </tr>  </thead>  <tbody> <tr><th>(2) Gear Lever For Manual Transmission Vehicle</th><th>For the changing of gears to regulate the power and speed of the vehicle</th> </tr> <tr><th>(3) Handbrake</th><th>For keeping the vehicle in a stationary position</th> </tr> <tr><th>(4) Accelerator Pedal</th><th>For regulating speed of vehicle</th> </tr> <tr><th>(5) Brake Pedal</th><th>For reducing speed or stopping</th> </tr> <tr><th>(6) Clutch Pedal</th><th>For transmitting or disconnecting engine power</th> </tr>  </tbody></table>
</html>  

# Steering Wheel  

13 When negotiating a sharp bend, several turnings of the steering wheel may be required. You should always remember not to cross your hands when turning the steering wheel. After the bend, you should quickly turn the steering wheel back to its original position to resume a straight course.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

130 If you intend to turn right into a minor road:  

(a) Get into the correct position early;

(b) Slow down or stop to give way to oncoming vehicles making a turn.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

131 At uncontrolled junctions, apply the give way rule:  
  

(a) At a cross road, give way to vehicles from the right;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

131 At uncontrolled junctions, apply the give way rule:  
  

(b) Turning vehicles should give way to going straight vehicles;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

131 At uncontrolled junctions, apply the give way rule:  
  

(c) At a T-junction, give way to vehicles on the major road;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

131 At uncontrolled junctions, apply the give way rule:  
  

(d) Vehicles turning into a one-way road should adhere to their respective lanes;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

131 At uncontrolled junctions, apply the give way rule:  
  

(e) Make an early assessment of your path of travel;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

131 At uncontrolled junctions, apply the give way rule:  
  

(f) Reduce speed as you approach the turn;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

131 At uncontrolled junctions, apply the give way rule:  
  

(g) Vehicle A should turn into lane '2';
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

131 At uncontrolled junctions, apply the give way rule:  
  

(h) Vehicle B should turn into lane '1';
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH JUNCTIONS  

131 At uncontrolled junctions, apply the give way rule:  
  

(i) Vehicle C should turn into lane '2'.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH A ROUNDABOUT

132 When approaching a roundabout:  

(a) Reduce your speed;

(b) Decide as early as possible which exit you need to take;

(c) Get into the correct lane;

(d) Beware of the speed and positions of the traffic around you.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH A ROUNDABOUT

133 When entering a roundabout:  

(a) Give way to traffic on your right in the roundabout (unless road markings indicate otherwise);

(b) Look out for traffic already in the roundabout;

(c) Do not enter a roundabout if you can see that your exit is blocked.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH A ROUNDABOUT

134 Once in a roundabout:  

(a) Look out for and give way to vehicles crossing in front of you;

(b) Be cautious when you are passing an exit or intending to leave by the next exit;

(c) Signal your intention early when changing lanes;

(d) Signal left when you are about to leave the roundabout.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# DRIVING THROUGH A ROUNDABOUT

135 The general rule is that:  

(a) Traffic from lane A as in the illustration goes to 'A';

(b) Traffic from lane B goes to 'B';

(c) Traffic from lane C goes to 'C'.  
  

REMEMBER - Traffic coming from your right takes priority over you.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

136 Overtaking is unlike changing traffic lanes or simply passing another vehicle. When overtaking, you have to estimate not only the space ahead of you but also the speed and distance of oncoming vehicles. This is a difficult technique and requires good judgement and skill.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

137 Take the following precautions when overtaking:  

(a) Check if there are any traffic signs or road markings which forbid overtaking before you overtake;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

137 Take the following precautions when overtaking:  
  

(b) Pay attention to the vehicle in front and the intention of the driver from his/her signals;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

137 Take the following precautions when overtaking:  
  

(c) Maintain a safe following distance;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

137 Take the following precautions when overtaking:  
  

(d) Look out for oncoming traffic and ascertain whether you have enough space to get back into your own lane after overtaking;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

137 Take the following precautions when overtaking:  
  

(e) Check your rear view and wing mirrors to see if there is anyone trying to overtake you;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

137 Take the following precautions when overtaking:  
  

(f) Signal your intention early;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

137 Take the following precautions when overtaking:  
  

(g) Move over to the right after having checked that your 'blind spot' is clear of traffic;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

137 Take the following precautions when overtaking:  
  

(h) Tap your horn as you are about to pass the vehicle. The driver in front might not have noticed you;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

137 Take the following precautions when overtaking:  
  

(i) Maintain a safe gap between yourself and the vehicle while you are passing;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

137 Take the following precautions when overtaking:  
  

(j) Signal your intention to keep left after overtaking;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

137 Take the following precautions when overtaking:  
  

(k) When you can spot the vehicle that you have overtaken in your rear view mirror, it is safe for you to keep left.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

138 You should not overtake at the following places and situations:

(a) Near or around a sharp bend.
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

138 You should not overtake at the following places and situations:
  

(b) Near a pedestrian crossing;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

138 You should not overtake at the following places and situations:
  

(c) Near a road junction;
# BASIC DRIVING TECHNIQUES  

# OVERTAKING AND BEING OVERTAKEN 

138 You should not overtake at the following places and situations:
  

(d) On a narrow bridge;