MRMRbenchmark/traffic huggingface dataset:
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# DRIVER IMPROVEMENT POINTS SYSTEM (DIPS)  

# Key Features Of DIPS  

# Incentives For Good Driving Behaviour  

26 Motorists with a clean driving record for a continuous period of three years will enjoy a discount over and above the usual No-Claim Bonus when they renew their insurance policy with participating insurance companies. They must also not have made any claims on their vehicles' insurance for the past three years.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# EMERGENCY/INCIDENT PROCEDURES  

260 If you are approaching the tunnel:  

(a) Do not enter the tunnel.

(b) Look out for the messages displayed on the Variable Message Signboards.

(c) Use an alternative road to reach your destination.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# ECO-DRIVING: WAYS TO SAVE FUEL AND SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT  

# INTRODUCTION  

261  How you drive and treat your vehicle can have a significant impact on fuel consumption and emissions. Practicing eco-driving can reduce fuel consumption by up to 10% on average over time$^{1}$. By observing just a few simple eco-driving steps, you can reduce fuel use and at the same time reduce vehicular emissions. This lets you play a part in saving the environment while saving money!
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# ECO-DRIVING: WAYS TO SAVE FUEL AND SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT  

# What is Eco-Driving?  

262  Eco-driving generally refers to the practice of handling one’s vehicle in a manner that promotes fuel economy and reduces emissions. These include vehicle maintenance, on-road driver behaviour, and route selection.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# ECO-DRIVING: WAYS TO SAVE FUEL AND SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT  

# How to ADOPT Eco-DRIVING  

263 Eco-driving is not difficult. You can lower your vehicle’s fuel consumption and impact on the environment by observing these simple driving practices:  

(a) Don't Leave Your Vehicle Engine idling 

(i) Turn off the engine when your vehicle is stationary for reasons other than traffic conditions. Idling engines waste fuel, generate unnecessary pollution to the environment, and cause fumes and noise nuisance to the public.  
  

Do not idle your vehicle's engine 

Note: Under the Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations, it is an offence to leave the vehicle engine running when it is stationary for reasons other than traffic conditions. Offenders are liable to a fine of up to $5,000, if convicted in court.  

(ii) There is no need to warm up the engine before driving off. Modern engines reach their optimal temperature faster when the vehicle is driven at moderate speeds upon starting.  
  

Turn off the engine when your vehicle is stationary
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# ECO-DRIVING: WAYS TO SAVE FUEL AND SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT  

# How to ADOPT Eco-DRIVING  

263 Eco-driving is not difficult. You can lower your vehicle’s fuel consumption and impact on the environment by observing these simple driving practices:  

(b) Maintain Your Vehicle Regularly  

(i) Service your vehicle regularly. A well maintained vehicle is more fuel efficient and emits less pollution on the road.
(ii) Check your vehicle's tyre pressure at least once a month. Correctly inflated tyres help reduce drag, improve fuel economy and reduce pollution. So make sure your tyres are at their recommended pressure.
(iii) Avoid over-loading your vehicle. Carrying excess weight in a vehicle increases fuel consumption and emissions. Heavy or large items, e.g. heavy tool kits, etc., should be removed from your vehicle when not required.  
  
Ensure that your vehicle's tyres are correctly inflated  
  
Carry only what is necessary; avoid unnecessary weight
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# ECO-DRIVING: WAYS TO SAVE FUEL AND SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT  

# How to ADOPT Eco-DRIVING  

263 Eco-driving is not difficult. You can lower your vehicle’s fuel consumption and impact on the environment by observing these simple driving practices:  

(c) Drive Smoothly  

(i) Avoid dragging the engine by using the correct gear if you drive a manual vehicle. Driving the vehicle in the right gear will increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.

(ii) Drive at a steady speed and avoid unnecessary acceleration or braking as much as possible. Avoiding unnecessary acceleration Maintain a and heavy braking helps reduce your vehicle's fuel consumption.

(iii) safe distance between your vehicle and the vehicle in front to avoid last-minute braking and to get up to speed as smoothly as possible.  
  
Drive at a safe and steady speed
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# ECO-DRIVING: WAYS TO SAVE FUEL AND SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT  

# How to ADOPT Eco-DRIVING  

263 Eco-driving is not difficult. You can lower your vehicle’s fuel consumption and impact on the environment by observing these simple driving practices:  

(d) Minimise Use of the Air-Conditioner While Driving  

(i) Avoid setting your vehicle's air-conditioning temperature too low and instead increase the fan speed in order to achieve higher fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Air-conditioning consumes a lot of fuel to keep you cool!  
  
Avoid setting your air-conditioning temperature too low
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# ECO-DRIVING: WAYS TO SAVE FUEL AND SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT  

# How to ADOPT Eco-DRIVING  

263 Eco-driving is not difficult. You can lower your vehicle’s fuel consumption and impact on the environment by observing these simple driving practices:  

(e) Plan Your Journey  

(i) Plan your journey before setting off to avoid traffic congestion or getting lost on the roads. This can save you both time and fuel as well as reduce emissions.  
  
Plan your journey
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# SECURITY MEASURES TO PREVENT THEFT OF/FROM MOTOR VEHICLES  

# INTRODUCTION  

264 Motor vehicle theft (MVT) and theft from vehicle (TFV) are two of the Police’s key crime concerns. The majority of these cases take place in carparks located in public housing estates.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# SECURITY MEASURES TO PREVENT THEFT OF/FROM MOTOR VEHICLES  

# INTRODUCTION  

265	 Similar to past trends, theft of motorcycles continue to form the majority (about two-thirds) of all theft of motor-vehicles reported to the police. Joyrides and transportation for personal uses continue to be common motives for stealing such vehicles. However, some stolen vehicles are never recovered.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# SECURITY MEASURES TO PREVENT THEFT OF/FROM MOTOR VEHICLES  

# INTRODUCTION  

266 Likewise, for theft from vehicles, common items stolen, especially from cars, are laptops, handbags, cash cards and handphones. The culprit(s) usually smash the window or windscreen of the car in the dead of the night to gain access to the valuables left behind by the owner.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# SECURITY MEASURES TO PREVENT THEFT OF/FROM MOTOR VEHICLES  

# INTRODUCTION  

267 Therefore, it is every vehicle owner’s responsibility to ensure the security of their vehicle and valuables kept within, in order to prevent such thefts from occurring. Future vehicle owners such as yourself, are encouraged to enhance the security of vehicles by taking adequate crime prevention measures.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# SECURITY MEASURES TO PREVENT THEFT OF/FROM MOTOR VEHICLES  

# INTRODUCTION  

268	 Te inconveniences and monetary loses caused to vehicle owners by such thefts are signifcant. You can prevent such unfortunate incidents by adopting the following simple measures:
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# SECURITY MEASURES TO PREVENT THEFT OF/FROM MOTOR VEHICLES  

# MOTORCYCLES  

269 (a) Remove the ignition keys and handle lock your motorcycle, even if you are leaving for a short while. It takes only a short time for thieves to strike; (b) Locking devices such as front wheel safety lock, handlebar lock, brake/disc lock and cable lock can be used to enhance the security of your motorcycle; (c) Use a motorcycle canvas to cover the vehicle, securing both ends with locks; (d) Consider fitting additional safety devices such as an alarm system and immobilizer for your motorcycle; (e) To prevent the motorcycle parts from being stolen, you may consider labelling security markings (e.g. the vehicle registration number) on major parts of the motorcycle or installing a device known as a suspension guard to prevent easy removal of the motorcycle's suspension; (f) Remove your cashcard from the IU when you leave your motorcycle.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# DRIVER IMPROVEMENT POINTS SYSTEM (DIPS)  

# Key Features Of DIPS  

# Incentives For Good Driving Behaviour  

27	 Te public can check on a driver’s driving licence status and demerit points accumulated via Singapore Police Force e-Services at www.police.gov.sg/e\-services.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# SECURITY MEASURES TO PREVENT THEFT OF/FROM MOTOR VEHICLES  

# CARS  

270 (a) Remove the ignition key, wind up all the windows and lock all the doors whenever it is left unattended, even for a short while; (b) Do not leave valuables such as cash cards, briefcases, handbags, laptops or handphones exposed in your vehicle. If need be, such items should be kept out of sight or locked in the car boot; (c) Consider fitting additional safety devices such as an anti-theft alarm system or an immobilizer on your vehicle. An anti-theft alarm should be regularly checked/serviced to ensure its effectiveness; (d) Use an additional lock such as steering wheel lock, clutch & brake locks, gear lock, etc.; (e) Keep a record of the serial numbers of valuable items such as laptops, handphones (IMEI no.) and/or cash cards. These will help the police in investigations.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# SECURITY MEASURES TO PREVENT THEFT OF/FROM MOTOR VEHICLES  

# GENERAL  

271 (a) Be wary of suspicious characters loitering around the carparks. If you see any person loitering around suspiciously, do not hesitate to contact the Police at '999';

(b) Whenever possible, park your vehicle in a well-lit area. Avoid parking at dark or secluded areas;

(c) Form a good habit of securing your vehicle. Always remember, "Lock, Look and Leave":

(i) Lock your vehicle and ensure that all valuables are kept out of sight,

(ii) Look around your car when parking. Whenever possible, park your vehicle in a well-lit area or prominent location where human traffic volume is high,

(iii) Leave your car secured and with peace of mind;

(d) Crime prevention is a shared responsibility. Crime can be prevented if owners and members of the public adopt measures to stay vigilant against criminal acts. Together, we can help make Singapore a safer home for all.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# KEY POINTS OF THE MOTOR CLAIMS FRAMEWORK (MCF)  

272 In the case of an Accident, you should avoid all unauthorised tow-truck operators or repair workshops.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# KEY POINTS OF THE MOTOR CLAIMS FRAMEWORK (MCF)  

# Steps to take:  

273 (a) Exchange particulars of involved parties (including Name, NRIC/FIN, Telephone Number, Address and Insurer); (b) Take note of the Vehicle Numbers; (c) Take pictures at the accident scene and submit all pictures at your authorised accident reporting centre during reporting; Things to Photograph: (i) The Scene (Take pictures of the accident scene capturing the accident vehicles and surrounding areas); (ii) Own Vehicle (Take pictures of the damage to your own vehicle, capturing your licence plate); (iii) Other Damaged Vehicles (Take pictures of damage to all other vehicles involved in the accident, capturing their license plates. For multiple vehicle collision, take pictures of the vehicles with direct contact, e.g. vehicles in the immediate front and immediate rear.)
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# KEY POINTS OF THE MOTOR CLAIMS FRAMEWORK (MCF)  

# Steps to take:  

274 Call your insurer's hotline for a tow truck or for further advice on the accident.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# KEY POINTS OF THE MOTOR CLAIMS FRAMEWORK (MCF)  

# Steps to take:  

275 Report and bring your accident vehicle (whether damaged or not) to the approved reporting centre / authorised workshop within 24 hours or by the next working day.
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# KEY POINTS OF THE MOTOR CLAIMS FRAMEWORK (MCF)  

# The benefits of reporting:  

276  By reporting the accident within the stipulated time, you not only enjoy hassle-free and quality-certified repair services as provided under the MCF, you will also avoid potentially higher costs from exaggerated claims.  

(a) Remember that all accidents must be reported to your insurer within 24 hours or by the next working day with your accident vehicle. Report the accident no matter how trivial or even if there is no visible damage, and irrespective of whether you are claiming from any insurers or third parties.

(b) Should you fail to report the accident to your insurer with your accident vehicle, you may find yourself in a position of having your claims prejudiced or declined later by insurers. Failure to comply with this new policy condition will be seen as being "In breach" of the policy terms and conditions, i.e. there will be no liability on the part of the insurer. In addition, any non-compliance with this policy condition will result in a loss of your 'No Claims Discount' upon renewal of your policy.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# PARTS AND CONTROLS OF A CAR

# FRONT VIEW
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# PARTS AND CONTROLS OF A CAR

# REAR VIEW
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# PARTS AND CONTROLS OF A CAR

# THE INSTRUMENT PANEL (DASHBOARD)
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# PARTS AND CONTROLS OF A CAR

# NAMES OF VARIOUS DRIVING CONTROLS
# PART C(USEFUL INFORMATION)

# PARKING IN URA/HDB CAR PARKS 

CAR PARK SIGNBOARDS
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# MEDICAL EXAMINATION  

29	 Upon reaching the stipulated age limits, all licence holders are required by law to undergo a medical examination to certify their  fitness to drive in order to validate their driving licence to continue to drive:  

(a) Class 2B, 2A, 2, 3, 3A, 3C and 3CA Driving Licence  

A Class 2B, 2A, 2, 3, 3A, 3C and 3CA licence (whichever applicable) shall cease to be valid upon the holder reaching the age of 65 years, unless the holder is certified physically and mentally fit to drive by a Singapore registered medical practitioner every 3 years from age of 65 (i.e. 65, 68, 71, 74 etc).  

(b) Class 4A, 4 and 5 Driving Licence  

A Class 4A, 4 and 5 driving licence shall cease to be valid upon the holder reaching the age of 65 years, unless: (i) the holder is certified physically and mentally fit to drive by a Singapore registered medical practitioner every year from age of 65 till age of 74; and (ii) the holder has passed a Proficiency Driving Test at the driving test centre.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# ONLINE PORTALS  

30  For more information on driving in Singapore and general road safety, you are encouraged to refer to the following relevant websites: 

(a) Singapore Police Force http://www.police.gov.sg/resources/traffic-matters 

(b) Singapore Road Safety Council http://srsc.org.sg/ 

(c) Electronics Driver Data Information & Enquiry System (EddieS) http://www.police.gov.sg/e-services 

(d) One.Motoring http://www.onemotoring.com.sg/publish/onemotoring/en.html
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# ONLINE PORTALS  

31	 For information on driving in overseas and application of International Driving Permit (IDP), you may refer to the following  website: 

(a) Automobile Association of Singapore (AAS) http://www.aas.com.sg/index.php
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

32	 Trafc signs are erected for 2 main purposes: (a) To regulate trafric movements. (b) To warn and inform road users of hazards or give useful information.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# MANDATORY SIGNS  

33	 These are compulsory signs. It is an offence to disobey them.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# PROHIBITORY SIGNS  

34	 Failure to comply with these signs constitutes an offence.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# PROHIBITORY SIGNS  

34	 Failure to comply with these signs constitutes an offence. 

Width limit  

(This sign prohibits the entry of vehicles with width in excess of 2.3m. The numerals on the sign may be altered to indicate different width restriction)
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# PROHIBITORY SIGNS  

34	 Failure to comply with these signs constitutes an offence.  

Height limit (This sign prohibits the entry of vehicles with an overall height in excess of 4.5m. The numerals on the sign may be altered to indicate different height restriction. Anyone who drives a vehicle with overall height exceeding 4.5m without police escort is committing an offence)
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# PROHIBITORY SIGNS  

34	 Failure to comply with these signs constitutes an offence.  

Weight limit (This sign prohibits the entry of vehicles with weight laden or unladen in excess of 10 tonnes. The numerals on the sign may be altered to indicate different weight restriction. Anyone who drives a vehicle with laden or unladen weight exceeding 10 tonnes without police escort is committing an offence)
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# WARNING SIGNS  

35 Take extra care, slow down as you approach these signs.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# REGULATORY SIGNS  

36 These signs regulate the movements of traffic.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# INFORMATION SIGNS  

37 These signs provide useful information to motorists.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# PEDESTRIAN CROSSING SIGNS  

38 Pedestrians should obey these signs when crossing the road
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# TRAFFIC SIGNS FOR TUNNELS  

39 Traffic using the tunnel should heed and obey these signs.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# TEST OF COMPETENCE TO DRIVE  

4 An applicant for a new class of licence must pass the test of competence to drive, which includes the theory and/or practical driving/riding tests:  

(a) Basic Theory Test (BTT)

The Basic Theory Test (BTT) is designed to test your knowledge of the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals as well as general road safety. The testing curriculum for BTT is broadly covered in the handbook titled "The Official Handbook - Basic Theory of Driving" and all learner drivers and riders must obtain a pass for BTT before they can proceed to take the advanced theory test i.e. the Final Theory Test (FTT) or the Riding Theory Test (RTT).

(b) Final Theory Test (FTT)

After passing the BTT, and if you want to obtain a motorcar driving licence (Class 3 or 3A), you must pass your FTT before you can take the Practical Driving Test. The FTT aims to test your knowledge on driving safety aspects and proper techniques of driving, as well as your interaction with other road users whilst driving on the roads. After you have passed your FTT, you are required to pass the Practical Driving Test within two years, failing which, you will have to retake and pass your FTT again before you can apply for another Practical Driving Test. The testing curriculum for FTT is broadly covered in the handbook titled "The Official Handbook - Final Theory of Driving".

(c) Riding Theory Test (RTT)

After passing the BTT, and if you want to obtain a motorcycle driving licence (Class 2B), you must pass your RTT before you can take the Practical Riding Test. The RTT aims to test your knowledge on riding safety aspects and proper techniques of riding, as well as your interaction with other road users whilst riding on the roads. After you have passed your RTT, you are required to pass the Practical Riding Test within one year, failing which, you have to retake and pass your RTT again before you can apply for another Practical Riding Test.

(d) Practical Driving / Riding Test

The Practical Driving / Riding Test will be conducted by a Driving Examiner appointed by the Traffic Police. You must provide a motor vehicle which is suitable for the test, in good mechanical condition and properly insured against third-party risks.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNS FOR PEDAL-CYCLES  

40 Pedal cyclists should obey these signs.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNS FOR PEDAL-CYCLES  

40 Pedal cyclists should obey these signs.  

# Road Safety Tips for Cyclists 

Bicycles  

(a) Install a front light and rear light or reflector for cycling during hours of darkness. (b) A properly secured seat is required for pillion riders below 12 years old. (c) Always obey traffic light signals. (d) Cycle with the flow of traffic when on the roads. (e) Always dismount at pedestrian crossings and push your bicycle across. (f) Do not cycle along footways, expressways or overhead bridges.  

Power-Assisted  

(a) You must only ride an LTA-approved power-assisted bicycle.

(b) Minimum age for Power-Assisted Bicyclists, including pillion passengers, is 16 years old.

(c) Protective helmets must be worn when riding Power-Assisted Bicycle.

(d) Power-Assisted Bicycle must be registered and affixed with a rear number plate.  

Crime Advisory  

(a) Secure your bicycle with a strong lock (e.g. U-lock) when left unattended, even if it is only for a short while.

(b) Affix a Bicycle Security Label, available from any Neighbourhood Police Centre, to your bicycle to help identify your bcy with a unique serial number.  

Please refer to www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/walk-cycle-ride/rules-and-code-of-conduct.html for more information on the rules and code of conduct for cycling.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# DIRECTIONAL SIGNS  

41	 Directional signs are usually rectangular with a green background. Tere are two types: Advance and Confirmation Directional Signs. Confirmation Directional Signs have a chevron shape on one end to indicate the direction.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# DIRECTIONAL SIGNS  

42	 On all roads leading to destinations along expressways, the signs have either:  

(a) Yellow letters on green backgrounds with yellow borders, which will be phased out;  
  

OR  

(b) White lettering on green backgrounds, and the white text describing an expressway destination is encased in a blue background.  
  

Additional information on some directional signs have black letters on white backgrounds with black borders. The sign provides information on the road that you are approaching.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# DIRECTIONAL SIGNS  

43	 On all roads leading to destinations along roads other than expressways, the signs have white letters on green backgrounds with white borders.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# EXPRESSWAY MONITORING AND ADVISORY SYSTEM (EMAS)  

44 Motorists should look out for these three types of electronic signboards when travelling towards and along the expressways; and selected major arterial roads.  

(a) TRAVEL TIME DISPLAY (TTD)  

These electronic advisory signboards are placed at various entrances leading to the expressways. They provide estimated travel times to selected exits on the expressways from the point the motorist enters a particular expressway. For example, if a motorist enters CTE, he/she will notice the TTD as below. The estimated travel time to the expressway exit of Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1 is about 5 minutes from the point he/she enters CTE.  

The estimated travel times are displayed in colour. Green indicates the travel time displayed is up to 50% more than normal travel time, yellow indicates the travel time displayed is between 50% to 125% more than normal travel time and red indicates the travel time displayed is more than 125% of normal travel time.  

Messages are also displayed on this signboard pertaining to incidents on the expressway. For example, the message "ACCIDENT on CTE (SLE)" displayed on the TTD below informs motorists that there is an accident occurring on the CTE in the direction towards SLE.  
  

In the TTD below, the travel times are displayed in a single colour. The text "ACCIDENT" toggles with "ON CTE (AYE)" to inform motorists that there is accident occurrence on CTE in the direction of AYE. TTDs like these will be phased out.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# EXPRESSWAY MONITORING AND ADVISORY SYSTEM (EMAS)  

44 Motorists should look out for these three types of electronic signboards when travelling towards and along the expressways; and selected major arterial roads.  

(b) TRAFFIC INFORMATION DISPLAY (TID) ON EXPRESSWAYS / SELECTED MAJOR ARTERIAL ROADS  

These large displays found along the expressways and selected major arterial roads display traffic information in text and simple graphic display up to seven colours. They inform motorists of traffic conditions ahead. A red cross indicates location with reference to the expressway exits or major road names labelled. A flashing red bar indicates road closure ahead. TIDs may also display information on incident type, lane(s) affected, congestion information, travel time information or other traffic advisory messages.  

For example, if there is an accident on ECP in the direction towards Airport between Bayshore and Tampines exits, the TID below will alert motorists in advance for them to react accordingly.  
  

The following are examples of some other incident scenarios and graphical representations on EMAS TIDs.  

(i) Road closure along expressway  

(ii) Road closure at expressway exit  

(iii) An incident occurs on a flyover or underpass along arterial roads  

(iv) An incident occurs on the road next to a flyover or underpass along arterial roads
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# EXPRESSWAY MONITORING AND ADVISORY SYSTEM (EMAS)  

44 Motorists should look out for these three types of electronic signboards when travelling towards and along the expressways; and selected major arterial roads.  

(c) TRAFFIC SIGN DISPLAY (TSD)  

These are smaller signs generally found on the centre divider of expressways. Traffic symbols are displayed to indicate adverse traffic conditions or to provide instructions to motorists to change lanes.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# EXPRESSWAY MONITORING AND ADVISORY SYSTEM (EMAS)  

# EMAS SIGNS  

45 Motorist should also be familiar with most of the traffic symbols used on the EMAS signboards. Some of the more commonly displayed ones are listed below. In addition, lanes are numbered in ascending order from the fast lane to the slow lane, excluding the road shoulder.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# FACILITY SIGNS  

46 Facility signs give motorists information of facilities and the direction to take to get to them. These signs have black letters on white backgrounds with black borders.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# FACILITY SIGNS  

47 Directions leading to places of interest for tourists have white multi-lingual text on a brown background with white borders, white arrows and pictures.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# VEHICLE MARKINGS  

48	 Vehicles carrying dangerous goods are required to display hazard information signs, e.g. DANGER- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# VEHICLE MARKINGS  

49	 Long vehicles are required to display at least 3 yellow  reflective markings on each side of the vehicle and at least 1 red refractive marking at the rear of the vehicle. Tis is to make them more conspicuous to other road users, especially at night.  

Long vehicles comprise:  

(a) Goods vehicles with length exceeding 10 metres; (b) Trailers with length exceeding 5 metres; and (c) Mobile cranes with length exceeding 10 metres  

(Note: Mobile cranes require fitting of rear markings only).
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# TEST OF COMPETENCE TO DRIVE  

5	 In order to book and take a theory or practical driving / riding test, an applicant must fulfil the following eligibility requirements at the date of booking or date of taking his/her test:  

(a) He/She has not accumulated more than 12 demerit points; (b) He/She is not under suspension or Court disqualification or is not within the period of one year from the date of revocation of his/her driving licence; (c) He/She is not under police investigation; and (d) He/She has not committed 2 or more offences of failing to display a distinguishing mark (i.e. Probation Plate) during his/her period of probation as a new driver for his/her other new class of driving licence.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# VEHICLE MARKINGS  

50 Vehicle speed limit

Buses, goods vehicles and trailers are required to display a marking showing the maximum speed in kilometres per hour at which the vehicle may be driven or, in the case of a trailer, drawn on a road. Such vehicles must not travel faster than their vehicle speed limit or the posted road speed limit, whichever is lower.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

51 Common road markings ACROSS the road.  

(a) Parallel Broken White Lines  

Parallel broken white lines indicate that traffic approaching these lines must give way to traffic on a major road.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

51 Common road markings ACROSS the road. 

(b) Single White Line  

Horizontal white line indicates that traffic is required to stop and must stop close to and before this line.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

51 Common road markings ACROSS the road.  

(c) Parallel Dashed / Solid White Lines  

Parallel dashed or solid white lines (will be phased out) accompanied by pedestrian signals (Green Man/Red Man) indicate a designated crossing. Turning vehicles must give way to pedestrians when the 'Green Man' is lighted.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

51 Common road markings ACROSS the road.  

(d) Zebra Crossing

Slow down and stop if there are pedestrians or cyclists crossing or about to cross.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

51 Common road markings ACROSS the road.

(e) Raised Zebra Crossing   

Slow down and stop if there are pedestrians or cyclists crossing or about to cross. Beware of raised hump.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

51 Common road markings ACROSS the road.  

(f) Hump

Slow down.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

51 Common road markings ACROSS the road.  

(g) Bus-Friendly Hump

Slow down.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  
  

(a) Broken White Line  

A broken white line is the centre line of a two-way road. Vehicles should keep to the left of this line.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  
  

(b) Continuous White Line  

A continuous white line is the centre line of a two-way road. Vehicles should keep to the left of this line. Parking is not allowed on either side of the road at all times.  

Motorists can only cross a single continuous or broken white line when they can see that the road ahead is clear & it is safe to do so.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  
  

(c) Unbroken Double White Lines  

Parallel continuous white lines in the centre of a two-way road indicate no parking on either side of the road at all times. Vehicles are also not allowed to cross these lines.  

Where continuous double white lines are painted on a road to separate traffic flowing in opposite directions, you may not overtake at the double white lines unless you keep entirely to the left of such lines.  

Never cross double white lines. Making a U-turn or a right turn is not allowed on a road where such lines are painted.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  
  

(d) Unbroken Yellow Line  

An unbroken yellow line indicates no parking between 7.00am and 7.00pm on that side of the road where the line is drawn, except on Sundays and public holidays.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  
  

(e) Unbroken Double Yellow Lines  

Unbroken double yellow lines indicate no parking at all times on that side of the road where these lines are drawn, except for the immediate picking up and letting down of passengers.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  
  

(f) A Single Yellow Zig-Zag Line  

A single yellow zig-zag line indicates No Parking at all times on that side of the road where the line is drawn, except for the immediate picking up and letting down of passengers. Violation of this rule attracts demerit points and a fine.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  
  

(g) Double Yellow Zig-Zag Lines  

Double yellow zig-zag lines indicate No Stopping at all times on that side of the road where the lines are drawn. Violation of this rule attracts demerit points and a fine.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  

  

(h) Broken White Line at Accelerating Lane  

A broken white line indicates the edge of a road adjacent to an accelerating lane.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  
  

(i) Broken White Line at Decelerating Lane  

A broken white line indicates the edge of a road adjacent to a turning or decelerating lane.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  
  

(j) School Zone  

The sections in brick red indicate a school zone. Slow down and look out for children on the road.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  
  

(k) Yellow Box  

Do not drive into the yellow box when traffic has come to a standstill at the left lane. Give way to vehicles from the side road entering the main road.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

52 Common road markings ALONG the road.  
  

(l) Chevron Areas  

Chevron markings are used to channel traffic. The white lines indicate the chevron area. No driving or parking of vehicles in the chevron area.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

# Bus Lanes  

53 Vehicles other than omnibuses, bicycles, emergency service and police vehicles must avoid using the bus lanes during restricted hours. Non-scheduled buses such as school and factory buses may use the bus lane. However, they are not allowed to stop, pick up or let their passengers alight along bus lanes.  
  

(a) Normal Bus Lane  

A continuous yellow line and a short horizontal line at intervals indicate a normal bus lane. No driving or parking of vehicles in the bus lane during the bus lane operational hours - Mondays to Fridays: 7.30am to 9.30am and 5.00pm to 8.00pm, except on Saturdays, Sundays & Public Holidays. Vehicles can use the bus lane where there is a broken yellow line to turn into a side road or turn from a side road into the bus lane road.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

# Bus Lanes  

53 Vehicles other than omnibuses, bicycles, emergency service and police vehicles must avoid using the bus lanes during restricted hours. Non-scheduled buses such as school and factory buses may use the bus lane. However, they are not allowed to stop, pick up or let their passengers alight along bus lanes.  
  

(b) Full-Day Bus Lane  

An additional red line marked parallel to the yellow line indicates a full-day bus lane. No driving or parking of vehicles in bus lane during the full-day bus lane operational hours - Mondays to Saturdays: 7.30am to 11.00pm, except on Sundays & Public Holidays.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

# Bus Lanes  

53 Vehicles other than omnibuses, bicycles, emergency service and police vehicles must avoid using the bus lanes during restricted hours. Non-scheduled buses such as school and factory buses may use the bus lane. However, they are not allowed to stop, pick up or let their passengers alight along bus lanes.  
  

(c) Bus Priority Box (also known as Mandatory Give-Way to Buses)  

The section in yellow indicates a mandatory give-way to buses area. Slow down and watch out for buses pulling out of the bus bay. Stop before the give way line and give way to buses exiting the bus bay at the location.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

# Bus Lanes  

53 Vehicles other than omnibuses, bicycles, emergency service and police vehicles must avoid using the bus lanes during restricted hours. Non-scheduled buses such as school and factory buses may use the bus lane. However, they are not allowed to stop, pick up or let their passengers alight along bus lanes.  
  

(d) Enhanced Chevron Zone at Bus-Stop Separator  

Bus-stop separator areas are painted red to alert motorists of the presence of merging vehicles from bus-stops. No driving or parking of vehicles in the enhanced chevron zone.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

54 Common road markings ON the road.  
  

(a) Zig-Zag Lines by Side of the Road  

Zig-zag lines by the side of the road give advance warning of the presence of a Pedestrian Crossing. The white zig-zag lines indicate no stopping at all times on this road. Vehicles should not overtake, or wait in the vicinity. Pedestrians are also prohibited from crossing at the zig-zag areas.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

54 Common road markings ON the road.  
 

  

(b) Right-Turn Pocket  

Vehicles turning right at road junctions should stay within the pocket until it is clear to complete the turn.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

54 Common road markings ON the road.  
  

(c) Traffic Calming Markings  

A series of triangular markings of the side of the road to create a visually narrowed road to encourage motorists to slow down.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

54 Common road markings ON the road.  
  

(d) Dashed Pedestrian Crossing Lines

These lines provide better contrast of the pedestrian crossing lines with the stop line to better demarcate the crossing area for pedestrians. Motorists should comply with the stop line for pedestrians to cross.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# COMMON ROAD MARKINGS  

54 Common road markings ON the road.  
  

(e) Pedestrian Crossing Ahead Markings

These markings warn motorists of Zebra Crossing ahead. Motorists should watch out and give way to pedestrians.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# DIRECTION ARROWS  

55 You should only proceed in the directions shown by the arrows.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# MERGING ARROW MARKINGS  

56 Merging arrows are drawn on the road to give motorists advance warning that two traffic lanes are merging into one traffic lane. Alternate vehicles from the two lanes have the right-of-way into the single lane.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS (TRAFFIC LIGHTS)  

57 Traffic Lights  
  

RED
Means "STOP".  

ALL RED  
Some junctions have an ALL RED period for safety or for pedestrians to cross. This means that all the approaches are simultaneously showing the red signals. Do not start to move until the green light appears in your favour.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS (TRAFFIC LIGHTS)  

57 Traffic Lights  

EXAMPLES  
  

Means "GO" for straight ahead vehicles and "GO" for right turn vehicles.  
  

Means "GO" for straight ahead vehicles only. Vehicles turning right must get ready to "STOP".
  

Means "GO" for straight ahead vehicles only. Vehicles turning right must stop behind the stop line.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS (TRAFFIC LIGHTS)  

57 Traffic Lights  
 

  

AMBER  
Means "STOP" unless you are so close to the stop-line when the lights turn AMBER that you cannot stop safely.  

FLASHING AMBER  
Means that the traffic light signals are out of order. Proceed with caution. Give way to traffic on the right.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS (TRAFFIC LIGHTS)  

57 Traffic Lights  
  

GREEN  
Means "GO". Look to the right and left to ensure it is safe before you proceed.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS (TRAFFIC LIGHTS)  

57 Traffic Lights  
  

  

GREEN ARROW  
Means "GO" but only in the direction indicated after ensuring that oncoming traffic is clear. 

FLICKERING GREEN ARROW 
Means signal is about to be cancelled. Do not proceed if you have not crossed the stop-line.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# SIGNS & SIGNALS

# SIGNALS (TRAFFIC LIGHTS)  

57 Traffic Lights  
  

GREEN 'B'  
Means "GO" for all buses only. This is to allow them to move out of a bus-bay or a side lane and proceed ahead of other vehicles.