MRMRbenchmark/traffic huggingface dataset:
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# WHAT IS A DRIVING LICENCE?  

1	 A driving licence is a legal document issued by the Traffic Police under the Road Traffic Act, which identifcs the licensee, sets out the class(es) of vehicle(s) which he/she may legally drive and states such restrictions or conditions as may apply as well as the period for which the licence is valid, where applicable.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# 'NEW' DRIVERS  

10 New drivers are motorists who hold a new class of driving licence for less than one year from the date of grant of licence. They shall be under probation for one year from the date of grant of the new driving licence to them.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# STOPPING AND PARKING  

100  Remember that you are not allowed to leave any broken-down or wrecked vehicle on any public road. If your vehicle breaks down on the road, push it into a break-down bay or as close to the side of the road as possible. Switch on the hazard warning lights even during daylight and place a reflective warning triangle at least 20 metres behind the vehicle. Arrange for it to be towed away immediately so as not to cause obstruction to the flow of traffic.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# SEAT BELTS  

101 All persons travelling in vehicles, irrespective of their age, should be appropriately belted up. Adults below the height of 1.35m shall use booster seats or approved adjustable seat belts to lower the risk of injury in the event of an accident.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# SEAT BELTS  

102 A composition fine of $120 and 3 demerit points will be awarded for failing to belt up.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHTS  

103 At night (between 7.00pm and 7.00am) you must drive with your headlights on.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHTS  

104 At night always drive well within the limits of your headlights. Beware of pedestrians standing on the central divider because it is difficult to see them when dazzled by the lights of oncoming vehicles.  
  

Pedestrian is invisible to driver
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHTS  

105 Use dipped headlights at night in built-up areas and during rainy weather.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHTS  

106 On unlit roads always use your high beam. Dip your headlights when meeting other vehicles and cyclists. If you are dazzled by the lights of another vehicle, slow down and stop if necessary.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHTS  

107 Dip your headlights when driving behind other vehicles.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHTS  

108  In the daytime whenever visibility is poor or if it is raining, switch on your headlights. This is to enable other road users to see your vehicle. Switching on your headlights will not in any way affect your fuel consumption.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHTS  

109  It is advisable when parking in unlit or poorly lit roads at night to leave your side or parking lights on.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# 'NEW' DRIVERS  

11	 During the one year probation period, all new Class 2B, Class 3/3A and Class 3C/3CA drivers are required to display a distinguishing mark (i.e. Probation Plate) at the front and rear of their vehicles when driving.  

In the case of a Class 2B motor vehicle, the Probation Plate should be displayed: (a) directly above or below the headlamp; and (b) directly above or below the rear licence plate.  

For a Class 3, 3A, 3C & 3CA motor vehicle which is constructed with a front and a rear windscreen, the Probation Plate should be displayed; (a) at the top right portion of the front windscreen; and (b) at the top right portion of the rear windscreen, as seen from the outside of the vehicle;  
  
Probation Plate
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHTS  

110 Try not to look directly at the headlights of oncoming vehicles but direct your vision slightly to the left. This technique can save you from momentary blindness.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHTS  

111 Always keep a look-out for flashes from the brake lights of vehicles in front.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHTS  

112 When approaching a curve or intersection with poor visibility, it is a good idea to flash your headlights to let pedestrians and oncoming cyclists and motorists know that you are heading into the curve or intersection.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHTS  

113  It is unsafe to drive with the interior lights on as they reduce your external visibility. Motorcyclists are required to switch on their headlights throughout the day.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# ALCOHOL  

114 Alcohol, when even a small quantity has been consumed, makes you less safe on the roads. The safe rule is IF YOU DRINK, DON'T DRIVE. The same applies to drugs even when taken medicinally.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# ALCOHOL  

115 The prescribed legal limit for blood alcohol content is 80 milligrammes (mg) of alcohol per 100 millilitres (ml) of blood while that for breath is 35 microgrammes (ug) of alcohol per 100 millilitres (ml) of breath. Any person caught driving with blood or breath alcohol content which exceeds the prescribed limit will be charged in court for drink driving. A person can also be charged for drink driving even when the blood or breath alcohol content is below the legal limit if there is evidence to show that he/she was unable to control the vehicle because of alcoholic intoxication. The penalty for drink driving is a fine of between $1,000 and $5,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 6 months. There is also a mandatory 1-year disqualification in respect of the offender's driving licence. A repeat offender will face a mandatory jail sentence not exceeding 1 year.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHT GOODS VEHICLES  

116 All lorries used for carrying workers on the carriage deck must be fitted with canopies and higher side railings.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHT GOODS VEHICLES  

117 The load on any vehicle on a road should always be securely fastened.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHT GOODS VEHICLES  

118 The front passenger seat(s) in the lorry's cabin must be occupied before workers can be carried on the rear carriage deck.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHT GOODS VEHICLES  

119  Lorry owners who wish to use their lorries to carry their workers must display a Maximum Passenger Capacity (MPC) label or the right side of the lorry’s rear tailboard indicating the maximum number of workers that can be transported when the carriage deck is empty.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# 'NEW' DRIVERS  
  
Probation Plate  

12	 Those who fail to display the Probation Plate will be fined. Repeat offenders with at least 2 offences of failing to display the Probation Plate during their one year probation period will have their licence revoked.  

A new driver who accumulates 13 or more demerit points during the one year probation period will also have his/her new driving licence revoked.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHT GOODS VEHICLES  

120 For safety, when workers are carried in lorries, they should be made to sit down properly and the maximum allowable height of a seated worker shall not be more than 1.1 metres measured from the carriage deck.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHT GOODS VEHICLES  

121 The vehicle must not carry an excess number of workers based on the minimum deck space requirement of 0.372 square metres (or 4 square feet) per seated worker. If goods or equipment are also transported, the number of workers that may be carried is to be reduced according to the remaining floor area available.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# LIGHT GOODS VEHICLES  

122 When transporting workers on the carriage deck, the vehicle must not travel faster than the posted road speed limit or the vehicle speed limit of 60 km/h, whichever is lower.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# HEIGHT LIMITS  

123 Anyone who drives a vehicle with overall height exceeding 4.5m without police escort is committing an offence.  

Avoid collision with an overhead structure in 4 steps  

(a) Ensure vehicle height is less than 4.5m. Apply for a police escort if vehicle height exceeds 4.5m.
(b) Plan your route before driving off.
(c) Obey speed and height limits.
(d) Stop and seek alternative route if you:
(i) are diverted from your original route
(ii) are lost
(iii) realise that your route is obstructed by a road structure lower than your vehicle's height during your journey.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# USE OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION DEVICE WHILE DRIVING  

("Use", in relation to a mobile communication device, means to hold it in at least one hand while operating any of its functions)  

124  It is an offence to use a mobile communication devices including mobile telephone and any hand held devices (e.g. tablets, walkie-talkies, handheld gaming consoles, etc) which are designed or capable of being used for a communicative function when driving. Should you need to use the mobile communication device while driving, you should drive to a safe place such as a carpark and use it when you are stationary. Communicative function, in this context, refers to any of the following functions:  

(a) Sending or receiving oral or written messages; (b) Sending or receiving electronic documents; (c) Sending or receiving still or moving images; (d) Sending or receiving audio or video files; and (e) Providing access to the internet
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# USE OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION DEVICE WHILE DRIVING  

("Use", in relation to a mobile communication device, means to hold it in at least one hand while operating any of its functions)  

125 Any driver caught using a mobile communication device whilst driving will be charged in court. The penalty for this offence is a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 6 months, or both. The offender's driving licence is also likely to be disqualified.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# TRAFFIC RULES & REGULATIONS

# USE OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION DEVICE WHILE DRIVING  

("Use", in relation to a mobile communication device, means to hold it in at least one hand while operating any of its functions)  

126 Typical scenarios of using a mobile communication device while driving includes driving with one hand holding a mobile communication device and communicating with another person on that device while the vehicle is in motion; texting with a mobile communication device, dialling a phone number or pressing a button to receive a call while holding the mobile communication device are also against the law. Using hands free devices, such as wireless or wired headsets, is acceptable unless the driver is holding on to the mobile communication device while using the hands free device while the vehicle is in motion.  

In short, an offence is committed if the driver satisfies all the 3 conditions below: (a) At least one hand is holding a mobile communication device; and (b) Driver is using any function of the mobile communication device; and (c) The motor vehicle is in motion.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# MOVING OFF  

127  Before you move off, fasten your seat belt and look in the mirrors. Give the proper signal, look around to check on traffic and pedestrians. Move off only when you can do so safely and without causing inconvenience to other road users. Give way to passing and overtaking vehicles.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# MIRRORS AND SIGNALS  

128  Mirrors should be checked before moving off, slowing down, stopping, changing lane, overtaking and making any turn. You should also cultivate the habit of checking the mirrors every 5 to 10 seconds while driving along.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# MIRRORS AND SIGNALS  

129  The areas on the right and left of your vehicle which cannot be viewed in your mirrors are known as “blind spots”. You have to turn your head and look over your shoulder to the left or the right to check for traffic in the “blind spots” before changing lane, overtaking, turning and stopping.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# DRIVER IMPROVEMENT POINTS SYSTEM (DIPS)  

13	 Singapore’s demerit points system, named the Driver Improvement Points System (DIPS), was introduced on 1 March 1983.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# MIRRORS AND SIGNALS  

130 Always give clear signals well in advance of your intentions (at least 3 seconds) before your manoeuvre so that other road users can interact safely.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# DRIVING ALONG  

131 Constantly adjust your speed to the conditions of the road on which you are travelling. Such adjustment will enable you to stop in any emergency without skidding or losing control of your vehicle.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# DRIVING ALONG  

132 A good driver automatically reduces speed when:  

(a) Entering a built-up area.

(b) Approaching a school or a stationary bus with children alighting from or boarding it.

(c) Travelling on narrow winding roads.

(d) Approaching children who are playing.

(e) Approaching a bend, brow of a hill, or other obstruction that limits his/her view.

(f) The road surface is wet.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# TAILGATING  

133 Tailgating, or following too closely behind another vehicle is a dangerous practice. If the vehicle in front stops suddenly, an accident is inevitable since you will not be able to stop in time. Tailgating also makes the driver in front nervous and can cause him/her to be involved in an accident.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE FOLLOWING DISTANCE  

134 To be able to stop with an appropriate space between your vehicle and the vehicle in front, you must allow at least one car length for every 16km/h of your speed.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# THE 'TWO-SECOND' RULE  

135 A simple way to ensure a safe gap between you and the vehicle in front is to use the 'two-second' rule. As the vehicle in front of you passes a stationary object, such as a lamp post on the side of the road, start counting to yourself 'one-thousand-and-one, one thousand-and-two'. This will take you 2 seconds. If you reach the same spot before you finish these eight words, you are following too closely and it is necessary to slow down. This rule will keep you at a safe following distance and will apply to all types of vehicles at any speed.  
  

(Vehicle 'A' does not pass the lamp post before counting "one-thousand-and-one, one-thousand-and-two". Thus vehicle 'A' is at a safe following distance from vehicle 'B')
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# THE 'TWO-SECOND' RULE  

136 Always watch for the brake lights of the car immediately in front and the traffic ahead of the car in front.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# STOPPING DISTANCE  

137  It takes a longer distance to stop a moving vehicle than most people think. It is therefore prudent to study the chart below and remember that your stopping distance is approximately the sum of your reaction distance and braking distance. These distances will increase with the driving speeds of your vehicle.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# STOPPING DISTANCE  

138 The braking distance will also increase when the road is wet, or if the tyre treads are worn, or when the car is fully loaded. Reaction time will also increase if a driver is tired or if he/she has consumed alcohol.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# REVERSING  

139 Before you reverse, make sure that there are no children or other pedestrians or obstructions in the blind areas behind you.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# DRIVER IMPROVEMENT POINTS SYSTEM (DIPS)  

14 DIPS is designed to identify and rehabilitate errant drivers through a system of rewards and punishments. Errant motorists are thus encouraged to improve their driving behaviours on the roads with incentives to expunge their demerit points and previous suspension record as well as remission of suspension period.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# REVERSING  

140 Do not reverse from a side road/minor road into a main road.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# REVERSING  

141  If your view to the rear is restricted, get help when reversing.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS  

142  Pedestrians have the right-of-way at Pedestrian Crossings.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS  

143 When approaching a pedestrian crossing, slow down and do not overtake other vehicles.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS  

144 When approaching a pedestrian crossing, ALWAYS –  

(a) be ready to slow down or stop so as to give way to pedestrians;

(b) signal to other drivers your intention to slow down or stop;

(c) allow yourself more time to stop when the road is wet.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS  

145 At a pedestrian crossing controlled by traffic signals or by a policeman, give way to pedestrians who are still crossing even when the signal allows vehicles to move.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS  

146 Stop, when signalled to do so by a school patrol warden showing a "STOP-Children" sign.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS  

147 Watch for pedestrians who come out suddenly from behind stationary vehicles and other obstructions. Be very careful near schools and bus stops.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS  

148 Pedestrians using rural roads tend to be less "road-wise". Watch out for them.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS  

149 When you are passing a pedestrian or cyclist, always maintain as wide a distance from him/her as possible and drive slowly.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# DRIVER IMPROVEMENT POINTS SYSTEM (DIPS)  

# Key Features Of DIPS  

# Suspension Of Driving Licence  

# New or Probationary Motorists  

15	 For a new motorist who is under one year probation from the date of grant of his/her driving licence, his/her new driving licence will be revoked and become invalid when he/she accumulates 13 or more demerit points during his/her probation period. Te licence holder will have to retake all the necessary driving tests (theory and practical) to obtain a licence to drive/ride again and can only retake the driving tests one year after the revocation is effected.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFETY OF PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS  

150 When driving across a muddy section of the road or through a puddle, you should slow down to avoid splashing muddy water onto pedestrians.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# EMERGENCY VEHICLES  

151 Ambulances ferry the sick and injured to hospitals. Fire Engines help put out fires, and Police Vehicles carry police personnel whose presence is much needed in an emergency. Obstructing the passage of any such vehicle could mean the difference between life and death for someone, somewhere. If you encounter any of them on the road with sirens and/or seeing the flashing beacon lights, give way by pulling in to the left or right side of the road depending on the circumstances.  

DO  

(a) Pull to the nearest edge of the roadway and come to a complete stop if necessary, until all emergency vehicles have passed. (b) Be alert to the approach of an emergency vehicle. (c) Switch on your direction signal when pulling off the road. This sends a message to the emergency vehicle operator that the driver is aware of his/her presence.  

DO NOT  

(a) Block any intersection (even when attempting to give way to an emergency vehicle), as it is dangerous.

(b) Follow closely behind an emergency vehicle responding to an emergency.

(c) Stop on a bridge, curve or crest of a hill; instead, switch on your directional signal and proceed forward until you can safely pull over and come to a complete stop.

(d) Slam on your brakes or stop directly in front of an emergency vehicle.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

l52 When you are driving, keep your attention on the road ahead, except for necessary and frequent glances at the rear view mirror, wing mirrors and panel of the car. Do not turn your head to talk to your passengers or to light a cigarette. Children should not be allowed to obstruct or distract the driver and parents should train them not to do so.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

153  Be careful when driving on steel plates laid on unfinished roadworks because these are extremely slippery, especially when they are wet.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

154 Avoid driving through floods as there is a danger that brake malfunction may subsequently occur. If unavoidable, pump the brake pedal repeatedly after emerging from flood waters so as to dry the brakes.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

155 HOW TO REACT TO ANIMALS CROSSING THE ROAD  

(a) Slow down when driving next to nature areas, and where wildlife crossings are indicated.

(b) Be alert and slow down if you see any animals crossing the road ahead of you.

(c) Be extra cautious at dawn and dusk as this is the peak period for animal movements.

(d) Scan the road shoulders ahead of you. Look for reflecting eyes or animals walking along the side of the road.

(e) Even though animals may be walking along the side of the road as your vehicle approaches, they may panic and attempt to flee by crossing the road. Slow down as you approach.

(f) If collision with the animal is unavoidable, apply the brakes firmly and remain in your lane.

(g) If you have a collision with an animal and it is causing an obstruction to other road users; you are required to stop your vehicle, turn on your hazard light and notify the Traffic Police at 999.

(h) Refrain from touching or moving the injured animal unless you are confident to do so; as it may still be able to defend itself. In the event you are able to move the animal place it at the road shoulder or grass verge ensuring it does not cause any further obstruction to road users. Update Traffic Police at 999 once you have successfully moved the animal.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

156  DRIVING ALONG  

(a) Adjust your speed to the speed of the traffic around you so as not to slow down traffic behind you (road hogging). Even when you are driving on the left hand side of the roadway, do not drive slowly at below 15km/h of the stipulated speed limits of the road.

(b) It is courteous to give the right-of-way to others when circumstances permit.

(c) When right-of-way is given to you, it is gracious to show a 'thank you' hand gesture.

(d) When driving in countries with left-hand drive vehicles, do familiarise yourself with the traffic rules and regulations by reading up on the Highway Code of that country. New drivers are to gradually familiarise themselves with the road conditions in countries with Left Hand Drive if they plan to drive in those countries.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

157 SIGNALLING  

(a) Give appropriate signals early to allow others to act on them in time.

(b) Cancel your signals when they are not in use so as not to confuse others.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

158 USE OF HORN  

(a) Sound the horn only to warn other road users of dangers such as a likely collision.

(b) Do not use the horn to express anger or frustration.

(c) Do not use the horn to demand the right-of-way or bull doze your way through crowded places.

(d) Sounding your horn when driving is unnecessary, except as a warning. In some areas e.g. near a school or hospital, it is an offence to use the horn, except to avoid an accident.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

159 LANE DISCIPLINE  

(a) Keep to the left of the road and leave the other lanes for other faster moving vehicles to pass safely.

(b) Keep within your lane. It is inconsiderate to straddle lanes as this would obstruct other vehicles and may lead to traffic being held up.

(c) Do not weave in and out of traffic lanes as it would cause confusion and danger to others.

(d) Cutting into the path of other vehicles is discourteous/inconsiderate and likely to cause an accident and road rage.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# DRIVER IMPROVEMENT POINTS SYSTEM (DIPS)  

# Key Features Of DIPS  

# Suspension Of Driving Licence  

# Non-Probationary Motorists  

16	 For a motorist who has no previous suspension record with Traffic Police, if he/she has accumulated 24 or more demerit points within 24 consecutive months, his/her driving licence will become liable for the 1st suspension of a period of 12 weeks.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

160 AT ROAD JUNCTIONS  

(a) Move into the correct lane early at road junctions to let others know your intended direction of travel. 

(b) When making right turns, position your vehicle properly so that it does not hinder oncoming vehicles.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

161 IN TRAFFIC QUEUES  

(a) Stay in queue during traffic hold-ups. Do not jump queue. Jumping queue is discourteous/inconsiderate and would aggravate the traffic jam.

(b) Leave a gap at the junction to a side road to enable vehicles from the opposite direction to turn right as well as for vehicles from the side road to move out.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

162 OVERTAKING  

(a) Overtake only when it is absolutely necessary.

(b) Overtake only when you are sure that there are no other vehicles attempting to pass or overtake you.

(c) Slow down and keep left when being overtaken to allow the overtaking vehicle to pass quickly.

(d) Accelerating when others are trying to overtake you is unsafe and discourteous.

(e) Cutting into the path of another vehicle after overtaking it is discourteous and likely to anger the driver and cause an accident.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

163 FOLLOWING DISTANCE  

(a) Keep a safe following distance from the vehicle in front so as to allow yourself enough room to stop safely should the vehicle in front stop abruptly.

(b) Do not harass the vehicle in front by tailgating it. This is a dangerous practice which could easily lead to an accident.

(c) Flashing your headlights or blasting the horn at slower moving vehicles in front of you is rude.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

164 STOPPING AND PARKING  

(a) Always stop or park close to the edge of the road.

(b) Always stop or park at places where you would not cause any inconvenience to other road users.

(c) Do not stop your vehicle under a shaded spot which is at a distance from a junction while waiting for the traffic signal to change. This is a selfish act and slows down traffic at the junction.

(d) When parking your vehicle in a parking lot, be considerate by parking your vehicle parallel to and in the centre of the lot.

(e) Wait for your turn when looking for a parking lot. It is rude to jump queue or force your way into a lot when another vehicle is trying to get into the parking lot.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

165 LIGHTS  

(a) Do not drive if your vehicle's headlamps, tail-lamps and/or direction indicators are not working. 

(b) Dip your headlights when following other vehicles or when facing oncoming vehicles, so as to prevent dazzling the drivers of other vehicles. 

(c) In the daytime when visibility is poor, you should turn on the headlights so that you can see and be seen more easily.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

166 PEDESTRIANS (ESPECIALLY THE YOUNG AND ELDERLY), CYCLISTS AND MOTORCYCLISTS  

(a) Give pedestrians (especially the young and elderly), cyclists and motorcyclists plenty of room from your vehicle as they might change direction suddenly.

(b) Do not sound the horn when you are close to pedestrians as you might scare and cause them to react irrationally, resulting in an accident.

(c) Do not obstruct pedestrians by stopping on the pedestrian crossing.

(d) On wet roads, slow down when you are near pedestrians and cyclists so as not to splash them with water from the road.

(e) It is not safe to pass a cyclist, be patient and wait until it is safe. This should not hold you up for long and it may save the cyclist's life.

(f) If a cyclist is ahead of you and you want to turn, turn behind the cyclist. Overtaking and cutting off the cyclist is very dangerous. If and when you do need to overtake cyclists, always ensure that there is ample room from your vehicle when overtaking (this is especially so for drivers of heavy or large vehicles), and do not merge sharply into lanes.

(g) Always check your blind spot before changing lanes, making turns or moving from a stationary position.

(h) Always check for cyclists before opening the vehicle door.

(i) Signal early to inform other road users and cyclists of the direction in which you are heading.

(j) When approaching road crossings, look out for cyclists and pedestrians.

(k) Always stop to render assistance and exchange particulars when involved in an accident.

(l) Do not expect cyclists to cycle all the way to the left next to the kerb, because their pedals may hit the kerb and there are usually drain holes at the side where their tyres could get stuck in and cyclist could lose balance.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

167 PATIENCE  

(a) Always be patient. Do not rush or lose your cool on the road.

(b) It is not gracious to show any provocative gesture when other drivers do something wrong or cause inconvenience to you. No one would deliberately get himself/herself involved in an accident.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# GENERAL SAFE DRIVING  

168 TO ERR IS HUMAN; APOLOGISE AND FORGIVE  

Indicate that you are sorry when you have caused inconvenience to others. This will soothe the other driver.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

169 Safe/Defensive driving technique:  

Driving safely and competently demands the total involvement of most of your senses. It is not enough to gain physical mastery of the vehicle without cultivating an awareness of the environment. A good driver can interpret, anticipate and act unhesitatingly under adverse driving conditions.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# DRIVER IMPROVEMENT POINTS SYSTEM (DIPS)  

# Key Features Of DIPS  

# Suspension Of Driving Licence  

# Non-Probationary Motorists  

17	 For a motorist who has previous suspension records with Traffic Police, if he/she has accumulated 12 or more demerit points within 12 consecutive months, his/her driving licence will become liable for the subsequent suspension.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

170 Adverse conditions include: (a) Driver conditions (b) Weather conditions (c) Light conditions (d) Road conditions (e) Traffic conditions
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

171 DRIVER CONDITIONS  

Your physical and mental condition can affect your driving. These conditions are: (a) Your vision, (b) Your physical health, (c) Your mental state, (d) Consumption of alcohol and drugs.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

172 Eighty percent (80%) of information perceived while driving comes through the driver's eyes. It is therefore important that you make optimal use of your eyes when driving. Do not fix your eyes on a particular object for longer than necessary. Keep moving your eyes about every two seconds or so. Also, take regular glances at the rear view mirrors every five to ten seconds so that you are aware of the changing situation around you. As the vehicle speed increases, your field of vision would be reduced.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

173 Tiredness, giddiness and being unwell can affect your concentration on the road. If you feel unwell or tired, do not drive.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

174 Anger, worry and stress can also reduce concentration and may lead to rash or careless driving on the road.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)

175  Consumption of alcohol and certain types of drugs affect your judgement, concentration and reaction time. If you are on medication, check with your doctor whether the prescribed medicine you are taking will affect your driving ability. If so, do not drive. It is also unsafe for you to drive if you have consumed alcohol.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

176  It is an offence for a person to drive or attempt to drive a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol. If a driver is suspected to be under the influence of alcohol, he/she will be required to undergo a breath analyser test. A person with a BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) exceeding 80mg per 100ml of blood is presumed incapable of controlling his/her vehicle properly.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

177 WEATHER CONDITIONS  

Adverse weather conditions affect your ability to see and be seen. These conditions are:-
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

178  The basic rules to follow when driving in bad weather conditions are:  

(a) Reduce your speed so that you can manoeuvre safely.
(b) Do not out-drive the actual distance that you can see clearly.
(c) Switch on your headlights so that you can see more clearly and be more visible.
(d) Turn on the demister to clear the mist on the windscreen.
(e) Move to a safe spot and stop at the side of the road with your hazard lights turned on if you cannot see clearly. Proceed when conditions are favourable.
(f) Use a faster front windscreen wiper speed when driving in heavy rain.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

179 On a wet road, the stopping distance of a vehicle will increase to about twice the distance of that on a dry road. This is because there is less friction between the tyres and the wet road surface. On a wet road, stepping hard on the brake pedal (locking the wheels) will cause the vehicle to skid or spin. If you lock the wheels accidentally, quickly release the brake pedal and apply the intermittent (ON/OFF) braking technique until the vehicle comes to a stop. Thus, on a wet road, it is important that you drive at a slower speed to avoid such dangerous circumstances.
# PART A: DRIVING LICENCES

# INTRODUCTION  

The “Basic Theory of Driving” handbook is essential reading for all road users in Singapore, which comprise the pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers. It covers The Highway Code, which includes the traffic rules, traffic regulations, traffic signs and signals, and it aims to educate and promote road safety for the road users. Many of the rules and regulations in the Code are legal requirements, and if you disobey them, you are committing a traffic offence. You may be fined and given demerit points on your driving licence, which may lead to suspension or revocation of your driving licence, or you may be disqualified by the Courts from driving. Knowing and applying the traffic rules and regulations in The Highway Code could significantly help to reduce road accidents, casualties and fatalities on our roads.  

# DRIVER IMPROVEMENT POINTS SYSTEM (DIPS)  

# Key Features Of DIPS  

# Suspension Of Driving Licence  

# Non-Probationary Motorists  

18	 For subsequent suspensions after the 1st suspension, the suspension periods are: (a) 2nd suspension : 24 weeks; (b) 3rd suspension : 1 year; (c) 4th suspension : 2 years; and (d) 5th suspension (onwards) : 3 years.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

180 On a rainy day, a thin layer of water forms on the road surface. Even good tyres may not have a good grip on the road. As speed increases, surface water builds up under the vehicle's tyres. When this happens, your vehicle will glide on the surface of the road, and this is known as 'Aquaplaning'.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

181 Aquaplaning results in the loss of steering control and braking efficiency. The faster you go, the more difficult it will be to control the vehicle. To counter this, you should slow down by braking intermittently (on/off braking) until you gain control of your vehicle.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

182 When approaching a road that is flooded but passable to vehicles, engage a lower gear to go through the flood.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

183  After passing through water, the brakes become ineffective. To dry the brakes, pump the brake pedal repeatedly until braking action returns.
# PART B(to be tested during Basic Theory Test)

# CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE ROAD

# SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUE (DEFENSIVE DRIVING TECHNIQUE)  

184 You can also dry the brakes by gently depressing the brake pedal with your left foot while pressing the accelerator with the right foot.