Task: NL2SQL (source dataset: bird)

Natural language to SQL, also known as NL2SQL, is the problem of generating a SQL query that can be executed on a input table, for a given natural language question.

You will be given an input table called "table" in the markdown format, as well as a question. Your task is to generate an SQL query that can be executed on the input table to answer the question.

Please ensure that the generated SQL only return relevant columns being specifically asked in the question (e.g., in SQL please don't return more than one columns in SELECT if only one column is needed to answer the given question, and similarly please refrain from using SELECT * unless the entire row is needed to answer the question).
 
When generating SQL code, please use the SQLite syntax to ensure that your SQL is executable on SQLite3. Use only columns that are present in the table, always use quotes around your column and table names (some column names have punctuation or special characters), and refer to the columns using the column-names exactly as they appear in the table, do not add or remove punctuation (underscore, slash, etc.)

No explanation, return the code only with the following markdown codeblock format : ```sql<SQL CODE>```. For example, ```sql
SELECT * FROM "table"
``` is a valid format.

Database:
codebase_community

Tables:

Table: badges
|   Id |   UserId | Name    | Date                  |
|-----:|---------:|:--------|:----------------------|
|    1 |        5 | Teacher | 2010-07-19 19:39:07.0 |
|    2 |        6 | Teacher | 2010-07-19 19:39:07.0 |
|    3 |        8 | Teacher | 2010-07-19 19:39:07.0 |
|    4 |       23 | Teacher | 2010-07-19 19:39:07.0 |
|    5 |       36 | Teacher | 2010-07-19 19:39:07.0 |
|    6 |       37 | Teacher | 2010-07-19 19:39:07.0 |
|    7 |       50 | Teacher | 2010-07-19 19:39:07.0 |
|    8 |       55 | Teacher | 2010-07-19 19:39:07.0 |
|    9 |        5 | Student | 2010-07-19 19:39:07.0 |
|   10 |        8 | Student | 2010-07-19 19:39:07.0 |


Table: comments
|   Id |   PostId |   Score | Text                                                                                                                                                         | CreationDate          | UserId   | UserDisplayName   |
|-----:|---------:|--------:|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------|:---------|:------------------|
|    1 |        3 |       5 | Could be a poster child fo argumentative and subjective.  At the least, need to define 'valuable'.                                                           | 2010-07-19 19:15:52.0 | 13.0     |                   |
|    2 |        5 |       0 | Yes, R is nice- but WHY is it 'valuable'.                                                                                                                    | 2010-07-19 19:16:14.0 | 13.0     |                   |
|    3 |        9 |       0 | Again- why?  How would I convince my boss to use this over, say, Excel.                                                                                      | 2010-07-19 19:18:54.0 | 13.0     |                   |
|    4 |        5 |      11 | It's mature, well supported, and a standard within certain scientific communities (popular in our AI department, for example)                                | 2010-07-19 19:19:56.0 | 37.0     |                   |
|    5 |        3 |       1 | Define "valuable"...                                                                                                                                         | 2010-07-19 19:20:28.0 | 5.0      |                   |
|    6 |       14 |       9 | why ask the question here?  All are community-wiki, why not just fix the canonical answer?                                                                   | 2010-07-19 19:22:27.0 | 23.0     |                   |
|    7 |       18 |       1 | also the US census data http://www.census.gov/main/www/access.html                                                                                           | 2010-07-19 19:25:47.0 | 36.0     |                   |
|    9 |       16 |       0 | Andrew Gelman has a nice R library that links Bugs to R.                                                                                                     | 2010-07-19 19:30:24.0 | 78.0     |                   |
|   10 |       23 |       4 | I am not sure I understand the difficulty. If the functional form is known just take the derivative otherwise take differences. Am I missing something here? | 2010-07-19 19:31:18.0 |          | user28            |
|   11 |       43 |       5 | There are many R GUI's available for Windows, so I'm not following your point.                                                                               | 2010-07-19 19:34:20.0 | 5.0      |                   |


Table: postHistory
|   Id |   PostHistoryTypeId |   PostId | RevisionGUID                         | CreationDate          |   UserId | Text                                                                                                                                       | Comment   | UserDisplayName   |
|-----:|--------------------:|---------:|:-------------------------------------|:----------------------|---------:|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------|:------------------|
|    1 |                   2 |        1 | e58bf7fd-e60f-4c58-a6e4-dfc91cf98a69 | 2010-07-19 19:12:12.0 |        8 | How should I elicit prior distributions from experts when fitting a Bayesian model?                                                        |           |                   |
|    2 |                   1 |        1 | e58bf7fd-e60f-4c58-a6e4-dfc91cf98a69 | 2010-07-19 19:12:12.0 |        8 | Eliciting priors from experts                                                                                                              |           |                   |
|    3 |                   3 |        1 | e58bf7fd-e60f-4c58-a6e4-dfc91cf98a69 | 2010-07-19 19:12:12.0 |        8 | <bayesian><prior><elicitation>                                                                                                             |           |                   |
|    4 |                   2 |        2 | 18bf9150-f1cb-432d-b7b7-26d2f8e33581 | 2010-07-19 19:12:57.0 |       24 | In many different statistical methods there is an "assumption of normality".  What is "normality" and how do I know if there is normality? |           |                   |
|    5 |                   1 |        2 | 18bf9150-f1cb-432d-b7b7-26d2f8e33581 | 2010-07-19 19:12:57.0 |       24 | What is normality?                                                                                                                         |           |                   |
|    6 |                   3 |        2 | 18bf9150-f1cb-432d-b7b7-26d2f8e33581 | 2010-07-19 19:12:57.0 |       24 | <normality>                                                                                                                                |           |                   |
|    7 |                   2 |        3 | 6320bb0f-c792-4a8c-8083-89507c28d375 | 2010-07-19 19:13:28.0 |       18 | What are the most valuable Statistical Analysis open source projects available right now?                                                  |           |                   |
|    8 |                   1 |        3 | 6320bb0f-c792-4a8c-8083-89507c28d375 | 2010-07-19 19:13:28.0 |       18 | What are the most valuable Statistical Analysis open source projects available?                                                            |           |                   |
|    9 |                   3 |        3 | 6320bb0f-c792-4a8c-8083-89507c28d375 | 2010-07-19 19:13:28.0 |       18 | <open-source>                                                                                                                              |           |                   |
|   10 |                  16 |        3 | 6320bb0f-c792-4a8c-8083-89507c28d375 | 2010-07-19 19:13:28.0 |       18 |                                                                                                                                            |           |                   |


Table: postLinks
|   Id | CreationDate          |   PostId |   RelatedPostId |   LinkTypeId |
|-----:|:----------------------|---------:|----------------:|-------------:|
|  108 | 2010-07-21 14:47:33.0 |      395 |             173 |            1 |
|  145 | 2010-07-23 16:30:41.0 |      548 |             539 |            1 |
|  217 | 2010-07-26 20:12:15.0 |      375 |              30 |            1 |
|  263 | 2010-07-27 16:00:22.0 |      769 |              31 |            1 |
|  264 | 2010-07-27 16:00:22.0 |      769 |               6 |            1 |
|  272 | 2010-07-27 17:19:27.0 |      790 |             298 |            1 |
|  281 | 2010-07-27 23:22:51.0 |      715 |               7 |            1 |
|  338 | 2010-07-28 19:36:09.0 |      834 |             577 |            1 |
|  360 | 2010-07-29 19:01:22.0 |      614 |             170 |            1 |
|  478 | 2010-08-01 12:08:34.0 |      222 |             213 |            1 |


Table: posts
|   Id |   PostTypeId | AcceptedAnswerId   | CreaionDate           |   Score | ViewCount   | Body                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |   OwnerUserId | LasActivityDate       | Title                                                                           | Tags                                             | AnswerCount   |   CommentCount | FavoriteCount   | LastEditorUserId   | LastEditDate          | CommunityOwnedDate    | ParentId   | ClosedDate            | OwnerDisplayName   | LastEditorDisplayName   |
|-----:|-------------:|:-------------------|:----------------------|--------:|:------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------:|:----------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------|:--------------|---------------:|:----------------|:-------------------|:----------------------|:----------------------|:-----------|:----------------------|:-------------------|:------------------------|
|    1 |            1 | 15.0               | 2010-07-19 19:12:12.0 |      23 | 1278.0      | <p>How should I elicit prior distributions from experts when fitting a Bayesian model?</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |             8 | 2010-09-15 21:08:26.0 | Eliciting priors from experts                                                   | <bayesian><prior><elicitation>                   | 5.0           |              1 | 14.0            |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|    2 |            1 | 59.0               | 2010-07-19 19:12:57.0 |      22 | 8198.0      | <p>In many different statistical methods there is an "assumption of normality".  What is "normality" and how do I know if there is normality?</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |            24 | 2012-11-12 09:21:54.0 | What is normality?                                                              | <distributions><normality>                       | 7.0           |              1 | 8.0             | 88.0               | 2010-08-07 17:56:44.0 |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|    3 |            1 | 5.0                | 2010-07-19 19:13:28.0 |      54 | 3613.0      | <p>What are some valuable Statistical Analysis open source projects available right now?</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |            18 | 2013-05-27 14:48:36.0 | What are some valuable Statistical Analysis open source projects?               | <software><open-source>                          | 19.0          |              4 | 36.0            | 183.0              | 2011-02-12 05:50:03.0 | 2010-07-19 19:13:28.0 |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <p>Edit: as pointed out by Sharpie, valuable could mean helping you get things done faster or more cheaply.</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|    4 |            1 | 135.0              | 2010-07-19 19:13:31.0 |      13 | 5224.0      | <p>I have two groups of data.  Each with a different distribution of multiple variables.  I'm trying to determine if these two groups' distributions are different in a statistically significant way.  I have the data in both raw form and binned up in easier to deal with discrete categories with frequency counts in each.  </p>                                                                            |            23 | 2010-09-08 03:00:19.0 | Assessing the significance of differences in distributions                      | <distributions><statistical-significance>        | 5.0           |              2 | 2.0             |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <p>What tests/procedures/methods should I use to determine whether or not these two groups are significantly different and how do I do that in SAS or R (or Orange)?</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|    5 |            2 |                    | 2010-07-19 19:14:43.0 |      81 |             | <p>The R-project</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |            23 | 2010-07-19 19:21:15.0 |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |              3 |                 | 23.0               | 2010-07-19 19:21:15.0 | 2010-07-19 19:14:43.0 | 3.0        |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <p><a href="http://www.r-project.org/">http://www.r-project.org/</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <p>R is valuable and significant because it was the first widely-accepted Open-Source alternative to big-box packages.  It's mature, well supported, and a standard within many scientific communities.</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                       |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <li><a href="http://www.inside-r.org/why-use-r">Some reasons why it is useful and valuable</a> </li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <li>There are some nice tutorials <a href="http://gettinggeneticsdone.blogspot.com/search/label/ggplot2">here</a>.</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | </ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|    6 |            1 |                    | 2010-07-19 19:14:44.0 |     152 | 29229.0     | <p>Last year, I read a blog post from <a href="http://anyall.org/">Brendan O'Connor</a> entitled <a href="http://anyall.org/blog/2008/12/statistics-vs-machine-learning-fight/">"Statistics vs. Machine Learning, fight!"</a> that discussed some of the differences between the two fields.  <a href="http://andrewgelman.com/2008/12/machine_learnin/">Andrew Gelman responded favorably to this</a>:</p>       |             5 | 2014-05-29 03:54:31.0 | The Two Cultures: statistics vs. machine learning?                              | <machine-learning>                               | 15.0          |              5 | 137.0           | 22047.0            | 2013-06-07 06:38:10.0 | 2010-08-09 13:05:50.0 |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <p>Simon Blomberg: </p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <blockquote>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   <p>From R's fortunes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   package: To paraphrase provocatively,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   'machine learning is statistics minus                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   any checking of models and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   assumptions'.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   -- Brian D. Ripley (about the difference between machine learning                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   and statistics) useR! 2004, Vienna                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   (May 2004) :-) Season's Greetings!</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | </blockquote>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <p>Andrew Gelman:</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <blockquote>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   <p>In that case, maybe we should get rid                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   of checking of models and assumptions                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   more often. Then maybe we'd be able to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   solve some of the problems that the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   machine learning people can solve but                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |   we can't!</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | </blockquote>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <p>There was also the <a href="http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ss/1009213726"><strong>"Statistical Modeling: The Two Cultures"</strong> paper</a> by Leo Breiman in 2001 which argued that statisticians rely too heavily on data modeling, and that machine learning techniques are making progress by instead relying on the <em>predictive accuracy</em> of models.</p>                                        |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <p>Has the statistics field changed over the last decade in response to these critiques?  Do the <em>two cultures</em> still exist or has statistics grown to embrace machine learning techniques such as neural networks and support vector machines?</p>                                                                                                                                                        |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|    7 |            1 | 18.0               | 2010-07-19 19:15:59.0 |      76 | 5808.0      | <p>I've been working on a new method for analyzing and parsing datasets to identify and isolate subgroups of a population without foreknowledge of any subgroup's characteristics.  While the method works well enough with artificial data samples (i.e. datasets created specifically for the purpose of identifying and segregating subsets of the population), I'd like to try testing it with live data.</p> |            38 | 2013-12-28 06:53:10.0 | Locating freely available data samples                                          | <dataset><sample><population><teaching>          | 24.0          |              3 | 79.0            | 253.0              | 2013-09-26 21:50:36.0 | 2010-07-20 20:50:48.0 |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|      |              |                    |                       |         |             | <p>What I'm looking for is a freely available (i.e. non-confidential, non-proprietary) data source.  Preferably one containing bimodal or multimodal distributions or being obviously comprised of multiple subsets that cannot be easily pulled apart via traditional means.  Where would I go to find such information?</p>                                                                                     |               |                       |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |                |                 |                    |                       |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |
|    8 |            1 |                    | 2010-07-19 19:16:21.0 |       0 | 288.0       | <p>Sorry, but the emptyness was a bit overwhelming. And this has been stuck in my head since it got asked at Area51!</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |            37 | 2010-10-18 07:57:31.0 | So how many staticians *does* it take to screw in a lightbulb?                  | <humor>                                          | 1.0           |              2 |                 | 449.0              | 2010-10-18 07:57:31.0 |                       |            | 2010-07-19 20:19:46.0 |                    |                         |
|    9 |            2 |                    | 2010-07-19 19:16:27.0 |      13 |             | <p><a href="http://incanter.org/">Incanter</a> is a Clojure-based, R-like platform (environment + libraries) for statistical computing and graphics. </p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |            50 | 2010-07-19 19:16:27.0 |                                                                                 |                                                  |               |              3 |                 |                    |                       | 2010-07-19 19:16:27.0 | 3.0        |                       |                    |                         |
|   10 |            1 | 1887.0             | 2010-07-19 19:17:47.0 |      23 | 21925.0     | <p>Many studies in the social sciences use Likert scales.  When is it appropriate to use Likert data as ordinal and when is it appropriate to use it as interval data?</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |            24 | 2012-10-23 17:33:41.0 | Under what conditions should Likert scales be used as ordinal or interval data? | <scales><measurement><ordinal><interval><likert> | 4.0           |              4 | 12.0            | 919.0              | 2011-03-30 15:31:46.0 |                       |            |                       |                    |                         |


Table: tags
|   Id | TagName          |   Count | ExcerptPostId   | WikiPostId   |
|-----:|:-----------------|--------:|:----------------|:-------------|
|    1 | bayesian         |    1342 | 20258.0         | 20257.0      |
|    2 | prior            |     168 | 62158.0         | 62157.0      |
|    3 | elicitation      |       6 |                 |              |
|    4 | normality        |     191 | 67815.0         | 67814.0      |
|    5 | open-source      |      13 |                 |              |
|    6 | distributions    |    1880 | 8046.0          | 8045.0       |
|    9 | machine-learning |    2564 | 9066.0          | 9065.0       |
|   10 | dataset          |     514 | 20490.0         | 20489.0      |
|   11 | sample           |     219 | 28276.0         | 28275.0      |
|   12 | population       |     120 | 69287.0         | 69286.0      |


Table: users
|   Id |   Reputation | CreationDate          | DisplayName   | LastAccessDate        | WebsiteUrl                              | Location                  | AboutMe                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |   Views |   UpVotes |   DownVotes |   AccountId | Age   | ProfileImageUrl                    |
|-----:|-------------:|:----------------------|:--------------|:----------------------|:----------------------------------------|:--------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------:|----------:|------------:|------------:|:------|:-----------------------------------|
|   -1 |            1 | 2010-07-19 06:55:26.0 | Community     | 2010-07-19 06:55:26.0 | http://meta.stackexchange.com/          | on the server farm        | <p>Hi, I'm not really a person.</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |       0 |      5007 |        1920 |          -1 |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <p>I'm a background process that helps keep this site clean!</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <p>I do things like</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Randomly poke old unanswered questions every hour so they get some attention</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Own community questions and answers so nobody gets unnecessary reputation from them</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Own downvotes on spam/evil posts that get permanently deleted</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Own suggested edits from anonymous users</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li><a href="http://meta.stackexchange.com/a/92006">Remove abandoned questions</a></li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | </ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|    2 |          101 | 2010-07-19 14:01:36.0 | Geoff Dalgas  | 2013-11-12 22:07:23.0 | http://stackoverflow.com                | Corvallis, OR             | <p>Developer on the StackOverflow team.  Find me on</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |      25 |         3 |           0 |           2 | 37.0  |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <p><a href="http://www.twitter.com/SuperDalgas" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <br><br>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <a href="http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2009/05/welcome-stack-overflow-valued-associate-00003/">Stack Overflow Valued Associate #00003</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                      |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|    3 |          101 | 2010-07-19 15:34:50.0 | Jarrod Dixon  | 2014-08-08 06:42:58.0 | http://stackoverflow.com                | New York, NY              | <p><a href="http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2009/01/welcome-stack-overflow-valued-associate-00002/">Developer on the Stack Overflow team</a>.</p>                                                                                                                                                                    |      22 |        19 |           0 |           3 | 35.0  |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <p>Was dubbed <strong>SALTY SAILOR</strong> by Jeff Atwood, as filth and flarn would oft-times fly when dealing with a particularly nasty bug!</p>                                                                                                                                                                 |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Twitter me: <a href="http://twitter.com/jarrod_dixon" rel="nofollow">jarrod_dixon</a></li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Email me: jarrod.m.dixon@gmail.com</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | </ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|    4 |          101 | 2010-07-19 19:03:27.0 | Emmett        | 2014-01-02 09:31:02.0 | http://minesweeperonline.com            | San Francisco, CA         | <p>currently at a startup in SF</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |      11 |         0 |           0 |        1998 | 28.0  | http://i.stack.imgur.com/d1oHX.jpg |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <p>formerly a dev at Stack Exchange :)</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|    5 |         6792 | 2010-07-19 19:03:57.0 | Shane         | 2014-08-13 00:23:47.0 | http://www.statalgo.com                 | New York, NY              | <p>Quantitative researcher focusing on statistics and machine learning methods in finance. Primarily use R, C++, Python, various databases (including OneTick and KDB), and LaTeX on a daily basis. </p>                                                                                                           |    1145 |       662 |           5 |       54503 | 35.0  |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Twitter: @statalgo</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Blog: <a href="http://www.statalgo.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.statalgo.com</a> (largely inactive)</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                     |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Former moderator on data analysis stack exchange site: <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/">http://stats.stackexchange.com/</a></li>                                                                                                                                                                      |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Proposer of Quantitative Finance stack exchange site: <a href="http://area51.stackexchange.com/proposals/117/quantitative-finance?referrer=EZoOPpokWeo1">http://area51.stackexchange.com/proposals/117/quantitative-finance?referrer=EZoOPpokWeo1</a></li>                                                     |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | </ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|    6 |          457 | 2010-07-19 19:04:07.0 | Harlan        | 2014-08-07 19:49:44.0 | http://www.harlan.harris.name           | District of Columbia      | <ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |     114 |        47 |           0 |       46050 | 41.0  |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>PhD in CS/AI/Machine Learning/Cognitive Modeling from UIUC</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Post-doctoral work in Computational Cognitive Science at Columbia, UConn, NYU</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>Statistical Data Scientist in private industry</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | </ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <p>Twitter: @harlanh</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|    7 |          429 | 2010-07-19 19:04:37.0 | Vince         | 2014-09-10 21:14:12.0 | http://bioinformatics.ucdavis.edu       | Davis, CA                 | I'm a recent graduate of UC Davis in Economics, Political Science, and Statistics. I currently work at the Bioinformatics Core at UC Davis building web and database applications, and doing statistical programming in R.\\\\n\\\\nFavorites: \\\\nEmacs, Git, C, Python, R, and any nifty open source *nix tool. |      56 |        20 |           0 |       49514 | 28.0  |                                    |
|    8 |         6764 | 2010-07-19 19:04:52.0 | csgillespie   | 2014-09-09 21:15:08.0 | http://www.mas.ncl.ac.uk/~ncsg3/        | Newcastle, United Kingdom | <p>I'm a statistics lecturer at Newcastle University, UK (<a href="http://www.mas.ncl.ac.uk/~ncsg3/" rel="nofollow">Uni homepage</a>). My research interests are parallel computing, Bayesian statistics and stochastic kinetic models. </p>                                                                       |    1089 |       604 |          25 |       70002 | 36.0  |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <p>I also </p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>run some <a href="http://www.ncl.ac.uk/maths/rcourse/" rel="nofollow">R courses</a> at Newcastle University</li>                                                                                                                                                                                               |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>occasionally write the <a href="http://csgillespie.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow">odd blog post</a></li>                                                                                                                                                                                                       |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <li>run on site R training</li>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | </ul>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|   10 |          121 | 2010-07-19 19:05:40.0 | Pierre        | 2014-07-28 18:15:02.0 | http://plindenbaum.blogspot.com         | France                    | Bioinformatician\\\\nVirology\\\\nGenetics\\\\nBiology\\\\nScience\\\\nScience2.0\\\\nWeb2.0\\\\nBioinformatics\\\\nGenotyping\\\\nWikipedia                                                                                                                                                                       |      20 |         2 |           0 |       23234 | 44.0  |                                    |
|   11 |          136 | 2010-07-19 19:06:02.0 | wahalulu      | 2014-07-23 21:28:18.0 | http://www.linkedin.com/in/marckvaisman | Washington, DC            | <p>data_stuff &lt;- paste('data', c('scientist', 'munger', 'learner', 'geek')</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |      10 |        10 |           0 |       47893 | 40.0  |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |
|      |              |                       |               |                       |                                         |                           | <p>r_stuff &lt;- paste('R', c('enthusiast', 'community builder')</p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |         |           |             |             |       |                                    |


Table: votes
|   Id |   PostId |   VoteTypeId | CreationDate   | UserId   | BountyAmount   |
|-----:|---------:|-------------:|:---------------|:---------|:---------------|
|    1 |        3 |            2 | 2010-07-19     |          |                |
|    2 |        2 |            2 | 2010-07-19     |          |                |
|    3 |        5 |            2 | 2010-07-19     |          |                |
|    4 |        5 |            2 | 2010-07-19     |          |                |
|    5 |        3 |            2 | 2010-07-19     |          |                |
|    6 |        4 |            2 | 2010-07-19     |          |                |
|    7 |        2 |            2 | 2010-07-19     |          |                |
|   10 |        3 |            2 | 2010-07-19     |          |                |
|   11 |        5 |            2 | 2010-07-19     |          |                |
|   12 |        6 |            2 | 2010-07-19     |          |                |


Question: How many badges has the user csgillespie obtained?

db_id: codebase_community
tables: name: badges
data: badges.csv
name: comments
data: comments.csv
name: postHistory
data: postHistory.csv
name: postLinks
data: postLinks.csv
name: posts
data: posts.csv
name: tags
data: tags.csv
name: users
data: users.csv
name: votes
data: votes.csv
label: SELECT COUNT(T1.Id) FROM badges AS T1 INNER JOIN users AS T2 ON T1.UserId = T2.Id WHERE T2.DisplayName = 'csgillespie'
sqlite_path: $MMTU_HOME/data_sqlite/bird/dev_20240627/dev_databases/codebase_community/codebase_community.sqlite