Task: Table-QA (source dataset: FinQA)

Task: 
You are given a table containing structured data and a natural language question referring to the table. Your goal is to analyze the table and provide an accurate and concise answer based on the given data.

Instructions:
1. Understand the Table: Examine the structure, headers, and data in the table. Identify relevant columns and rows related to the question.
2. Interpret the Question: Determine whether the question requires direct retrieval, aggregation, comparison, sorting, filtering, or inference.
3. Extract the Answer: Use logical reasoning and numerical operations (if necessary) to derive the correct response from the table.
4. Format the Answer: No explanation, return the answer in a structured JSON format: {"answer": <answer>}. If the question cannot be answered due to missing or ambiguous data, return a JSON response with {"answer": null}.

Table:
| $ in millions                                    | year ended december 2014   | year ended december 2013   | year ended december 2012   |
|:-------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------|:---------------------------|:---------------------------|
| compensation and benefits                        | $ 12691                    | $ 12613                    | $ 12944                    |
| brokerage clearing exchange anddistribution fees | 2501                       | 2341                       | 2208                       |
| market development                               | 549                        | 541                        | 509                        |
| communications and technology                    | 779                        | 776                        | 782                        |
| depreciation and amortization                    | 1337                       | 1322                       | 1738                       |
| occupancy                                        | 827                        | 839                        | 875                        |
| professional fees                                | 902                        | 930                        | 867                        |
| insurance reserves1                              | 2014                       | 176                        | 598                        |
| other expenses                                   | 2585                       | 2931                       | 2435                       |
| total non-compensation expenses                  | 9480                       | 9856                       | 10012                      |
| total operating expenses                         | $ 22171                    | $ 22469                    | $ 22956                    |
| total staff at period-end                        | 34000                      | 32900                      | 32400                      |

Question:
what is the growth rate in operating expenses in 2013?


pre_text: management 2019s discussion and analysis operating expenses our operating expenses are primarily influenced by compensation , headcount and levels of business activity .
in addition , see 201cuse of estimates 201d for expenses that may arise from litigation and regulatory proceedings .
compensation and benefits includes salaries , discretionary compensation , amortization of equity awards and other items such as benefits .
discretionary compensation is significantly impacted by , among other factors , the level of net revenues , overall financial performance , prevailing labor markets , business mix , the structure of our share-based compensation programs and the external environment .
the table below presents our operating expenses and total staff ( which includes employees , consultants and temporary staff ) . .
post_text: 1 .
consists of changes in reserves related to our americas reinsurance business , including interest credited to policyholder account balances , and expenses related to property catastrophe reinsurance claims .
in april 2013 , we completed the sale of a majority stake in our americas reinsurance business and no longer consolidate this business .
2014 versus 2013 .
operating expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 22.17 billion for 2014 , essentially unchanged compared with 2013 .
compensation and benefits expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 12.69 billion for 2014 , essentially unchanged compared with 2013 .
the ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues for 2014 was 36.8% ( 36.8 % ) compared with 36.9% ( 36.9 % ) for 2013 .
total staff increased 3% ( 3 % ) during 2014 .
non-compensation expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 9.48 billion for 2014 , 4% ( 4 % ) lower than 2013 .
the decrease compared with 2013 included a decrease in other expenses , due to lower net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings and lower operating expenses related to consolidated investments , as well as a decline in insurance reserves , reflecting the sale of our americas reinsurance business in 2013 .
these decreases were partially offset by an increase in brokerage , clearing , exchange and distribution fees .
net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings for 2014 were $ 754 million compared with $ 962 million for 2013 ( both primarily comprised of net provisions for mortgage-related matters ) .
2014 included a charitable contribution of $ 137 million to goldman sachs gives , our donor-advised fund .
compensation was reduced to fund this charitable contribution to goldman sachs gives .
the firm asks its participating managing directors to make recommendations regarding potential charitable recipients for this contribution .
2013 versus 2012 .
operating expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 22.47 billion for 2013 , 2% ( 2 % ) lower than 2012 .
compensation and benefits expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 12.61 billion for 2013 , 3% ( 3 % ) lower compared with $ 12.94 billion for 2012 .
the ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues for 2013 was 36.9% ( 36.9 % ) compared with 37.9% ( 37.9 % ) for 2012 .
total staff increased 2% ( 2 % ) during 2013 .
non-compensation expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 9.86 billion for 2013 , 2% ( 2 % ) lower than 2012 .
the decrease compared with 2012 included a decline in insurance reserves , reflecting the sale of our americas reinsurance business , and a decrease in depreciation and amortization expenses , primarily reflecting lower impairment charges and lower operating expenses related to consolidated investments .
these decreases were partially offset by an increase in other expenses , due to higher net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings , and higher brokerage , clearing , exchange and distribution fees .
net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings for 2013 were $ 962 million ( primarily comprised of net provisions for mortgage-related matters ) compared with $ 448 million for 2012 ( including a settlement with the board of governors of the federal reserve system ( federal reserve board ) regarding the independent foreclosure review ) .
2013 included a charitable contribution of $ 155 million to goldman sachs gives , our donor-advised fund .
compensation was reduced to fund this charitable contribution to goldman sachs gives .
the firm asks its participating managing directors to make recommendations regarding potential charitable recipients for this contribution .
38 goldman sachs 2014 annual report .
label: -0.021210000000000003
qa: answer: -2.1%
ann_table_rows: 11
steps: op: minus2-1
arg1: 22469
arg2: 22956
res: -487
op: divide2-2
arg1: #0
arg2: 22956
res: -2.1%
program: subtract(22469, 22956), divide(#0, 22956)
gold_inds: table_11: $ in millions the total operating expenses of year ended december 2014 is $ 22171 ; the total operating expenses of year ended december 2013 is $ 22469 ; the total operating expenses of year ended december 2012 is $ 22956 ;
exe_ans: -0.021210000000000003
tfidftopn: text_0: management 2019s discussion and analysis operating expenses our operating expenses are primarily influenced by compensation , headcount and levels of business activity .
text_21: operating expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 22.47 billion for 2013 , 2% ( 2 % ) lower than 2012 .
program_re: divide(subtract(22469, 22956), 22956)
model_input: table_11
$ in millions the total operating expenses of year ended december 2014 is $ 22171 ; the total operating expenses of year ended december 2013 is $ 22469 ; the total operating expenses of year ended december 2012 is $ 22956 ;
text_9
operating expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 22.17 billion for 2014 , essentially unchanged compared with 2013 .
text_21
operating expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 22.47 billion for 2013 , 2% ( 2 % ) lower than 2012 .