1 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:35,880 thank you 2 00:00:35,890 --> 00:00:40,710 Thank you very much Chancellor Kohl, 3 00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:43,220 governing mayor, deacon, ladies and 4 00:00:43,220 --> 00:00:47,290 gentlemen. 24 years ago President John F. 5 00:00:47,300 --> 00:00:51,070 Kennedy visited Berlin, speaking to the 6 00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:53,950 people of this city and the world at the 7 00:00:53,960 --> 00:00:57,070 city hall. Since then two other 8 00:00:57,080 --> 00:00:59,260 presidents have come, each in his turn, to 9 00:00:59,270 --> 00:01:02,860 Berlin. Today, I myself make my second 10 00:01:02,870 --> 00:01:11,230 visit to your city. We come to Berlin, 11 00:01:11,240 --> 00:01:13,420 we American presidents, because it's our 12 00:01:13,430 --> 00:01:16,980 duty to speak in this place of freedom, 13 00:01:16,990 --> 00:01:20,830 but, I must confess, we're drawn here by 14 00:01:20,840 --> 00:01:22,360 other things as well: 15 00:01:22,370 --> 00:01:25,140 by the feeling of history in this city, 16 00:01:25,150 --> 00:01:28,870 more than 500 years older than our own 17 00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:31,960 nation; by the beauty of the Grunewald 18 00:01:31,970 --> 00:01:35,800 and the tear garden; most of all, by your 19 00:01:35,810 --> 00:01:42,390 courage and determination. 20 00:01:42,400 --> 00:01:45,130 Perhaps the composer Paul Lincke 21 00:01:45,140 --> 00:01:47,020 understood something about American 22 00:01:47,030 --> 00:01:49,750 presidents -- you see, like so many 23 00:01:49,760 --> 00:01:52,780 presidents before me, I come here today 24 00:01:52,790 --> 00:01:58,660 because wherever I go, whatever I do, Ich 25 00:01:58,670 --> 00:02:10,060 hab' noch einen Koffer in Berlin. 26 00:02:10,070 --> 00:02:13,190 Our gathering today is being broadcast 27 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:14,840 throughout Western Europe and North 28 00:02:14,850 --> 00:02:18,620 America I understand that it is being 29 00:02:18,630 --> 00:02:23,090 seen and heard as well in the East to 30 00:02:23,100 --> 00:02:25,040 those listening throughout Eastern 31 00:02:25,050 --> 00:02:28,400 Europe I extend my warmest greetings and 32 00:02:28,410 --> 00:02:31,580 the goodwill of the American people to 33 00:02:31,590 --> 00:02:34,310 those listening in East Berlin a special 34 00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:38,620 word although I cannot be with you I 35 00:02:38,630 --> 00:02:41,810 address my remarks to you just as surely 36 00:02:41,820 --> 00:02:45,530 as to those standing here before me for 37 00:02:45,540 --> 00:02:47,990 I join you as I join your fellow 38 00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:50,330 countrymen in the West in this firm 39 00:02:50,340 --> 00:02:54,440 this unalterable belief: Es gibt nur 40 00:02:54,450 --> 00:03:05,130 ein Berlin. 41 00:03:05,140 --> 00:03:08,680 Behind me stands a wall that encircles 42 00:03:08,690 --> 00:03:12,100 the free sectors of this city part of a 43 00:03:12,110 --> 00:03:15,400 vast system of barriers that divides the 44 00:03:15,410 --> 00:03:18,220 entire continent of Europe from the 45 00:03:18,230 --> 00:03:21,610 Baltic South those barriers cut across 46 00:03:21,620 --> 00:03:24,180 Germany in a gash of barbed wire, 47 00:03:24,190 --> 00:03:28,110 concrete, dog runs and guard towers. 48 00:03:28,120 --> 00:03:31,810 Farther south there may be no visible, no 49 00:03:31,820 --> 00:03:35,020 obvious wall but there remain armed guards 50 00:03:35,030 --> 00:03:38,229 and checkpoints all the same still a 51 00:03:38,239 --> 00:03:41,560 restriction on the right to travel still 52 00:03:41,570 --> 00:03:44,620 an instrument to impose upon ordinary 53 00:03:44,630 --> 00:03:47,920 men and women the will of a totalitarian 54 00:03:47,930 --> 00:03:52,750 state yet it is here in Berlin where the 55 00:03:52,760 --> 00:03:56,050 wall emerges most clearly here cutting 56 00:03:56,060 --> 00:03:59,050 across your city where the news photo on 57 00:03:59,060 --> 00:04:01,510 the television screen have imprinted 58 00:04:01,520 --> 00:04:04,330 this brutal division of a continent upon 59 00:04:04,340 --> 00:04:08,080 the mind of the world standing before 60 00:04:08,090 --> 00:04:11,380 the Brandenburg Gate every man is a 61 00:04:11,390 --> 00:04:23,850 German separated from his fellow men. 62 00:04:23,860 --> 00:04:27,250 Every man is a Berliner forced to look 63 00:04:27,260 --> 00:04:31,870 upon a scar. President von Weizsäcker has 64 00:04:31,880 --> 00:04:34,930 said the German question is open as long 65 00:04:34,940 --> 00:04:47,160 as the Brandenburg gate is closed today 66 00:04:47,170 --> 00:04:50,680 the day I say as long as this gate is 67 00:04:50,690 --> 00:04:54,130 closed as long as this scar of a wall is 68 00:04:54,140 --> 00:04:57,850 permitted to stand it is not the German 69 00:04:57,860 --> 00:05:00,970 question alone that remains open but the 70 00:05:00,980 --> 00:05:15,250 question of freedom for all mankind yet 71 00:05:15,260 --> 00:05:19,630 I do not come here to lament what I find 72 00:05:19,640 --> 00:05:23,290 in Berlin a message of hope even in the 73 00:05:23,300 --> 00:05:26,400 shadow of this wall a message of triumph 74 00:05:26,410 --> 00:05:31,210 in this season of spring in 1945 the 75 00:05:31,220 --> 00:05:32,890 people of Berlin emerged from their 76 00:05:32,900 --> 00:05:35,940 air-raid shelters to find devastation 77 00:05:35,950 --> 00:05:38,540 thousands of miles away the people of 78 00:05:38,540 --> 00:05:40,460 the United States reached out to help 79 00:05:40,460 --> 00:05:45,159 and in 1947 Secretary of State as you've the United States reached out to help 80 00:05:45,169 --> 00:05:47,770 been told George Marshall announced the 81 00:05:47,780 --> 00:05:49,820 creation of what would become known as 82 00:05:49,820 --> 00:05:54,159 creation of what would become known as the Marshall Plan speaking precisely 40 83 00:05:54,159 --> 00:05:54,169 the Marshall Plan speaking precisely 40 84 00:05:54,169 --> 00:05:58,600 the Marshall Plan speaking precisely 40 years ago this month he said our policy 85 00:05:58,600 --> 00:05:58,610 years ago this month he said our policy 86 00:05:58,610 --> 00:06:01,570 years ago this month he said our policy is directed not against any country or 87 00:06:01,570 --> 00:06:01,580 is directed not against any country or 88 00:06:01,580 --> 00:06:05,020 is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger poverty 89 00:06:05,020 --> 00:06:05,030 doctrine but against hunger poverty 90 00:06:05,030 --> 00:06:14,469 doctrine but against hunger poverty desperation and chaos 91 00:06:14,479 --> 00:06:19,279 in the reichstag a few moments ago I saw 92 00:06:19,279 --> 00:06:19,289 in the reichstag a few moments ago I saw 93 00:06:19,289 --> 00:06:21,650 in the reichstag a few moments ago I saw a display commemorating this 40th 94 00:06:21,650 --> 00:06:21,660 a display commemorating this 40th 95 00:06:21,660 --> 00:06:24,770 a display commemorating this 40th anniversary of the Marshall Plan I was 96 00:06:24,770 --> 00:06:24,780 anniversary of the Marshall Plan I was 97 00:06:24,780 --> 00:06:27,080 anniversary of the Marshall Plan I was struck by a sign a sign on a burnt-out 98 00:06:27,080 --> 00:06:27,090 struck by a sign a sign on a burnt-out 99 00:06:27,090 --> 00:06:28,969 struck by a sign a sign on a burnt-out gutted structure that was being rebuilt 100 00:06:28,969 --> 00:06:28,979 gutted structure that was being rebuilt 101 00:06:28,979 --> 00:06:33,110 gutted structure that was being rebuilt I understand that Berliners of my own 102 00:06:33,110 --> 00:06:33,120 I understand that Berliners of my own 103 00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:36,230 I understand that Berliners of my own generation can remember seeing signs 104 00:06:36,230 --> 00:06:36,240 generation can remember seeing signs 105 00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:38,689 generation can remember seeing signs like it dotted throughout the Western 106 00:06:38,689 --> 00:06:38,699 like it dotted throughout the Western 107 00:06:38,699 --> 00:06:42,249 like it dotted throughout the Western sectors of the city the sign read simply 108 00:06:42,249 --> 00:06:42,259 sectors of the city the sign read simply 109 00:06:42,259 --> 00:06:46,339 sectors of the city the sign read simply the Marshall Plan is helping here to 110 00:06:46,339 --> 00:06:46,349 the Marshall Plan is helping here to 111 00:06:46,349 --> 00:06:50,779 the Marshall Plan is helping here to strengthen the free world a strong free 112 00:06:50,779 --> 00:06:50,789 strengthen the free world a strong free 113 00:06:50,789 --> 00:06:55,149 strengthen the free world a strong free world in the West that dream became real 114 00:06:55,149 --> 00:06:55,159 world in the West that dream became real 115 00:06:55,159 --> 00:06:57,830 world in the West that dream became real Japan rose from ruin to become an 116 00:06:57,830 --> 00:06:57,840 Japan rose from ruin to become an 117 00:06:57,840 --> 00:07:01,809 Japan rose from ruin to become an economic giant Italy France Belgium 118 00:07:01,809 --> 00:07:01,819 economic giant Italy France Belgium 119 00:07:01,819 --> 00:07:04,480 economic giant Italy France Belgium virtually every nation in Western Europe 120 00:07:04,480 --> 00:07:04,490 virtually every nation in Western Europe 121 00:07:04,490 --> 00:07:08,570 virtually every nation in Western Europe saw political and economic rebirth the 122 00:07:08,570 --> 00:07:08,580 saw political and economic rebirth the 123 00:07:08,580 --> 00:07:12,800 saw political and economic rebirth the European community was founded in West 124 00:07:12,800 --> 00:07:12,810 European community was founded in West 125 00:07:12,810 --> 00:07:14,779 European community was founded in West Germany and here in Berlin there took 126 00:07:14,779 --> 00:07:14,789 Germany and here in Berlin there took 127 00:07:14,789 --> 00:07:18,409 Germany and here in Berlin there took place at economic miracle the virtual 128 00:07:18,409 --> 00:07:18,419 place at economic miracle the virtual 129 00:07:18,419 --> 00:07:23,749 place at economic miracle the virtual spawn dear Adenauer her Earhart's writer 130 00:07:23,749 --> 00:07:23,759 spawn dear Adenauer her Earhart's writer 131 00:07:23,759 --> 00:07:26,149 spawn dear Adenauer her Earhart's writer and other leaders understood the 132 00:07:26,149 --> 00:07:26,159 and other leaders understood the 133 00:07:26,159 --> 00:07:28,969 and other leaders understood the practical importance of Liberty that 134 00:07:28,969 --> 00:07:28,979 practical importance of Liberty that 135 00:07:28,979 --> 00:07:32,089 practical importance of Liberty that just as truth can flourish only when the 136 00:07:32,089 --> 00:07:32,099 just as truth can flourish only when the 137 00:07:32,099 --> 00:07:35,360 just as truth can flourish only when the journalist is given freedom of speech so 138 00:07:35,360 --> 00:07:35,370 journalist is given freedom of speech so 139 00:07:35,370 --> 00:07:38,570 journalist is given freedom of speech so prosperity can come about only when the 140 00:07:38,570 --> 00:07:38,580 prosperity can come about only when the 141 00:07:38,580 --> 00:07:41,450 prosperity can come about only when the farmer and businessmen enjoy economic 142 00:07:41,450 --> 00:07:41,460 farmer and businessmen enjoy economic 143 00:07:41,460 --> 00:07:48,320 farmer and businessmen enjoy economic freedom the German leaders the German 144 00:07:48,320 --> 00:07:48,330 freedom the German leaders the German 145 00:07:48,330 --> 00:07:50,959 freedom the German leaders the German leaders reduced tariffs expanded free 146 00:07:50,959 --> 00:07:50,969 leaders reduced tariffs expanded free 147 00:07:50,969 --> 00:07:55,969 leaders reduced tariffs expanded free trade lowered taxes from 1950 to 1960 148 00:07:55,969 --> 00:07:55,979 trade lowered taxes from 1950 to 1960 149 00:07:55,979 --> 00:07:58,580 trade lowered taxes from 1950 to 1960 alone the standard of living in West 150 00:07:58,580 --> 00:07:58,590 alone the standard of living in West 151 00:07:58,590 --> 00:08:01,850 alone the standard of living in West Germany and Berlin doubled we're four 152 00:08:01,850 --> 00:08:01,860 Germany and Berlin doubled we're four 153 00:08:01,860 --> 00:08:04,790 Germany and Berlin doubled we're four decades ago there was rubble today in 154 00:08:04,790 --> 00:08:04,800 decades ago there was rubble today in 155 00:08:04,800 --> 00:08:06,290 decades ago there was rubble today in West Berlin there is the greatest 156 00:08:06,290 --> 00:08:06,300 West Berlin there is the greatest 157 00:08:06,300 --> 00:08:08,980 West Berlin there is the greatest industrial output of any city in Germany 158 00:08:08,980 --> 00:08:08,990 industrial output of any city in Germany 159 00:08:08,990 --> 00:08:12,529 industrial output of any city in Germany busy office blocks fine homes and 160 00:08:12,529 --> 00:08:12,539 busy office blocks fine homes and 161 00:08:12,539 --> 00:08:15,200 busy office blocks fine homes and apartments proud avenues and the 162 00:08:15,200 --> 00:08:15,210 apartments proud avenues and the 163 00:08:15,210 --> 00:08:18,020 apartments proud avenues and the spreading lawns of parkland where a 164 00:08:18,020 --> 00:08:18,030 spreading lawns of parkland where a 165 00:08:18,030 --> 00:08:19,850 spreading lawns of parkland where a city's culture seemed to have been 166 00:08:19,850 --> 00:08:19,860 city's culture seemed to have been 167 00:08:19,860 --> 00:08:20,500 city's culture seemed to have been destroyed 168 00:08:20,500 --> 00:08:20,510 destroyed 169 00:08:20,510 --> 00:08:23,520 destroyed today there are two great universities 170 00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:23,530 today there are two great universities 171 00:08:23,530 --> 00:08:26,440 today there are two great universities orchestras and an opera countless 172 00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:26,450 orchestras and an opera countless 173 00:08:26,450 --> 00:08:30,210 orchestras and an opera countless theaters in museums where there was one 174 00:08:30,210 --> 00:08:30,220 theaters in museums where there was one 175 00:08:30,220 --> 00:08:34,620 theaters in museums where there was one today there's abundance food clothing 176 00:08:34,620 --> 00:08:34,630 today there's abundance food clothing 177 00:08:34,630 --> 00:08:38,020 today there's abundance food clothing automobiles the wonderful goods of the 178 00:08:38,020 --> 00:08:38,030 automobiles the wonderful goods of the 179 00:08:38,030 --> 00:08:50,370 automobiles the wonderful goods of the khuddam from devastation from utter ruin 180 00:08:50,370 --> 00:08:50,380 khuddam from devastation from utter ruin 181 00:08:50,380 --> 00:08:53,920 khuddam from devastation from utter ruin you Berliners have in freedom rebuild a 182 00:08:53,920 --> 00:08:53,930 you Berliners have in freedom rebuild a 183 00:08:53,930 --> 00:08:56,980 you Berliners have in freedom rebuild a city that once again ranks as one of the 184 00:08:56,980 --> 00:08:56,990 city that once again ranks as one of the 185 00:08:56,990 --> 00:09:00,700 city that once again ranks as one of the greatest on earth and the Soviets may 186 00:09:00,700 --> 00:09:00,710 greatest on earth and the Soviets may 187 00:09:00,710 --> 00:09:03,850 greatest on earth and the Soviets may have had other plans but my friends 188 00:09:03,850 --> 00:09:03,860 have had other plans but my friends 189 00:09:03,860 --> 00:09:05,710 have had other plans but my friends there were a few things the Soviets 190 00:09:05,710 --> 00:09:05,720 there were a few things the Soviets 191 00:09:05,720 --> 00:09:12,360 there were a few things the Soviets didn't count on the leaner helots 192 00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:12,370 didn't count on the leaner helots 193 00:09:12,370 --> 00:09:16,920 didn't count on the leaner helots barely know who more yah one Berliner 194 00:09:16,920 --> 00:09:16,930 barely know who more yah one Berliner 195 00:09:16,930 --> 00:09:26,090 barely know who more yah one Berliner schnauzer 196 00:09:26,100 --> 00:09:31,730 in the 1950s in the 1950s 197 00:09:31,730 --> 00:09:31,740 in the 1950s in the 1950s 198 00:09:31,740 --> 00:09:35,030 in the 1950s in the 1950s Khrushchev predicted we will bury you 199 00:09:35,030 --> 00:09:35,040 Khrushchev predicted we will bury you 200 00:09:35,040 --> 00:09:38,309 Khrushchev predicted we will bury you but in the West today we see a free 201 00:09:38,309 --> 00:09:38,319 but in the West today we see a free 202 00:09:38,319 --> 00:09:40,139 but in the West today we see a free world that has achieved a level of 203 00:09:40,139 --> 00:09:40,149 world that has achieved a level of 204 00:09:40,149 --> 00:09:43,499 world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented 205 00:09:43,499 --> 00:09:43,509 prosperity and well-being unprecedented 206 00:09:43,509 --> 00:09:47,009 prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human history in the Communist 207 00:09:47,009 --> 00:09:47,019 in all human history in the Communist 208 00:09:47,019 --> 00:09:51,179 in all human history in the Communist world we see failure technological 209 00:09:51,179 --> 00:09:51,189 world we see failure technological 210 00:09:51,189 --> 00:09:54,059 world we see failure technological backwardness declining standards of 211 00:09:54,059 --> 00:09:54,069 backwardness declining standards of 212 00:09:54,069 --> 00:10:06,900 backwardness declining standards of health even one and now now the Soviets 213 00:10:06,900 --> 00:10:06,910 health even one and now now the Soviets 214 00:10:06,910 --> 00:10:09,809 health even one and now now the Soviets themselves may in a limited way be 215 00:10:09,809 --> 00:10:09,819 themselves may in a limited way be 216 00:10:09,819 --> 00:10:12,059 themselves may in a limited way be coming to understand the importance of 217 00:10:12,059 --> 00:10:12,069 coming to understand the importance of 218 00:10:12,069 --> 00:10:14,970 coming to understand the importance of freedom we hear much from Moscow about a 219 00:10:14,970 --> 00:10:14,980 freedom we hear much from Moscow about a 220 00:10:14,980 --> 00:10:18,299 freedom we hear much from Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness some 221 00:10:18,299 --> 00:10:18,309 new policy of reform and openness some 222 00:10:18,309 --> 00:10:20,389 new policy of reform and openness some political prisoners have been released 223 00:10:20,389 --> 00:10:20,399 political prisoners have been released 224 00:10:20,399 --> 00:10:23,189 political prisoners have been released certain foreign news broadcasts are no 225 00:10:23,189 --> 00:10:23,199 certain foreign news broadcasts are no 226 00:10:23,199 --> 00:10:26,189 certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed some economic 227 00:10:26,189 --> 00:10:26,199 longer being jammed some economic 228 00:10:26,199 --> 00:10:27,660 longer being jammed some economic enterprises have been permitted to 229 00:10:27,660 --> 00:10:27,670 enterprises have been permitted to 230 00:10:27,670 --> 00:10:29,730 enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state 231 00:10:29,730 --> 00:10:29,740 operate with greater freedom from state 232 00:10:29,740 --> 00:10:30,710 operate with greater freedom from state control 233 00:10:30,710 --> 00:10:30,720 control 234 00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:34,199 control are these the beginnings of profound 235 00:10:34,199 --> 00:10:34,209 are these the beginnings of profound 236 00:10:34,209 --> 00:10:37,799 are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state or are they 237 00:10:37,799 --> 00:10:37,809 changes in the Soviet state or are they 238 00:10:37,809 --> 00:10:41,040 changes in the Soviet state or are they token gestures intended to raise false 239 00:10:41,040 --> 00:10:41,050 token gestures intended to raise false 240 00:10:41,050 --> 00:10:43,860 token gestures intended to raise false hopes in the West or to strengthen the 241 00:10:43,860 --> 00:10:43,870 hopes in the West or to strengthen the 242 00:10:43,870 --> 00:10:46,730 hopes in the West or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it 243 00:10:46,730 --> 00:10:46,740 Soviet system without changing it 244 00:10:46,740 --> 00:10:50,879 Soviet system without changing it we welcome change and openness for we 245 00:10:50,879 --> 00:10:50,889 we welcome change and openness for we 246 00:10:50,889 --> 00:10:53,610 we welcome change and openness for we believe that freedom and security go 247 00:10:53,610 --> 00:10:53,620 believe that freedom and security go 248 00:10:53,620 --> 00:10:56,879 believe that freedom and security go together that the advance of human 249 00:10:56,879 --> 00:10:56,889 together that the advance of human 250 00:10:56,889 --> 00:11:01,199 together that the advance of human Liberty the advance of human Liberty can 251 00:11:01,199 --> 00:11:01,209 Liberty the advance of human Liberty can 252 00:11:01,209 --> 00:11:04,160 Liberty the advance of human Liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace 253 00:11:04,160 --> 00:11:04,170 only strengthen the cause of world peace 254 00:11:04,170 --> 00:11:07,769 only strengthen the cause of world peace there is one sign the Soviets can make 255 00:11:07,769 --> 00:11:07,779 there is one sign the Soviets can make 256 00:11:07,779 --> 00:11:10,949 there is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable that would 257 00:11:10,949 --> 00:11:10,959 that would be unmistakable that would 258 00:11:10,959 --> 00:11:13,230 that would be unmistakable that would advance dramatically dramatically the 259 00:11:13,230 --> 00:11:13,240 advance dramatically dramatically the 260 00:11:13,240 --> 00:11:17,069 advance dramatically dramatically the cause of freedom and peace general 261 00:11:17,069 --> 00:11:17,079 cause of freedom and peace general 262 00:11:17,079 --> 00:11:21,079 cause of freedom and peace general secretary Gorbachev if you seek peace if 263 00:11:21,079 --> 00:11:21,089 secretary Gorbachev if you seek peace if 264 00:11:21,089 --> 00:11:24,569 secretary Gorbachev if you seek peace if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union 265 00:11:24,569 --> 00:11:24,579 you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union 266 00:11:24,579 --> 00:11:26,970 you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe if you seek 267 00:11:26,970 --> 00:11:26,980 and Eastern Europe if you seek 268 00:11:26,980 --> 00:11:31,210 and Eastern Europe if you seek liberalization come here to this gate 269 00:11:31,210 --> 00:11:31,220 liberalization come here to this gate 270 00:11:31,220 --> 00:11:54,170 liberalization come here to this gate mr. Gorbachev open this gate 271 00:11:54,180 --> 00:11:59,380 mr. Gorbachev 272 00:11:59,390 --> 00:12:12,850 mr. Gorbachev tear down this war 273 00:12:12,860 --> 00:12:20,980 I understand the fear of war and the 274 00:12:20,980 --> 00:12:20,990 I understand the fear of war and the 275 00:12:20,990 --> 00:12:22,540 I understand the fear of war and the pain of division that afflict this 276 00:12:22,540 --> 00:12:22,550 pain of division that afflict this 277 00:12:22,550 --> 00:12:24,760 pain of division that afflict this continent and I pledge to you my 278 00:12:24,760 --> 00:12:24,770 continent and I pledge to you my 279 00:12:24,770 --> 00:12:27,730 continent and I pledge to you my country's efforts to help overcome these 280 00:12:27,730 --> 00:12:27,740 country's efforts to help overcome these 281 00:12:27,740 --> 00:12:31,570 country's efforts to help overcome these burdens to be sure we in the West must 282 00:12:31,570 --> 00:12:31,580 burdens to be sure we in the West must 283 00:12:31,580 --> 00:12:35,980 burdens to be sure we in the West must priests Soviet expansion so we must 284 00:12:35,980 --> 00:12:35,990 priests Soviet expansion so we must 285 00:12:35,990 --> 00:12:38,110 priests Soviet expansion so we must maintain defenses of unassailable 286 00:12:38,110 --> 00:12:38,120 maintain defenses of unassailable 287 00:12:38,120 --> 00:12:42,340 maintain defenses of unassailable strength yet we seek peace so we must 288 00:12:42,340 --> 00:12:42,350 strength yet we seek peace so we must 289 00:12:42,350 --> 00:12:45,900 strength yet we seek peace so we must strive to reduce arms on both sides 290 00:12:45,900 --> 00:12:45,910 strive to reduce arms on both sides 291 00:12:45,910 --> 00:12:48,520 strive to reduce arms on both sides beginning ten years ago the Soviets 292 00:12:48,520 --> 00:12:48,530 beginning ten years ago the Soviets 293 00:12:48,530 --> 00:12:50,500 beginning ten years ago the Soviets challenged the Western alliance with a 294 00:12:50,500 --> 00:12:50,510 challenged the Western alliance with a 295 00:12:50,510 --> 00:12:53,620 challenged the Western alliance with a grave new threat hundreds of new and 296 00:12:53,620 --> 00:12:53,630 grave new threat hundreds of new and 297 00:12:53,630 --> 00:12:56,490 grave new threat hundreds of new and more deadly ss-20 nuclear missiles 298 00:12:56,490 --> 00:12:56,500 more deadly ss-20 nuclear missiles 299 00:12:56,500 --> 00:12:59,200 more deadly ss-20 nuclear missiles capable of striking every capital in 300 00:12:59,200 --> 00:12:59,210 capable of striking every capital in 301 00:12:59,210 --> 00:13:02,710 capable of striking every capital in Europe the Western alliance responded by 302 00:13:02,710 --> 00:13:02,720 Europe the Western alliance responded by 303 00:13:02,720 --> 00:13:04,390 Europe the Western alliance responded by committing itself to a counter 304 00:13:04,390 --> 00:13:04,400 committing itself to a counter 305 00:13:04,400 --> 00:13:07,690 committing itself to a counter deployment unless the Soviets agreed to 306 00:13:07,690 --> 00:13:07,700 deployment unless the Soviets agreed to 307 00:13:07,700 --> 00:13:10,690 deployment unless the Soviets agreed to negotiate a better solution namely the 308 00:13:10,690 --> 00:13:10,700 negotiate a better solution namely the 309 00:13:10,700 --> 00:13:13,150 negotiate a better solution namely the elimination of such weapons on both 310 00:13:13,150 --> 00:13:13,160 elimination of such weapons on both 311 00:13:13,160 --> 00:13:15,930 elimination of such weapons on both sides for many months 312 00:13:15,930 --> 00:13:15,940 sides for many months 313 00:13:15,940 --> 00:13:18,940 sides for many months the Soviets refused to bargain in 314 00:13:18,940 --> 00:13:18,950 the Soviets refused to bargain in 315 00:13:18,950 --> 00:13:22,060 the Soviets refused to bargain in earnestness as the Alliance in turn 316 00:13:22,060 --> 00:13:22,070 earnestness as the Alliance in turn 317 00:13:22,070 --> 00:13:24,220 earnestness as the Alliance in turn retook prepared to go forward with its 318 00:13:24,220 --> 00:13:24,230 retook prepared to go forward with its 319 00:13:24,230 --> 00:13:26,800 retook prepared to go forward with its counter deployment there were difficult 320 00:13:26,800 --> 00:13:26,810 counter deployment there were difficult 321 00:13:26,810 --> 00:13:30,580 counter deployment there were difficult days days of protests like those during 322 00:13:30,580 --> 00:13:30,590 days days of protests like those during 323 00:13:30,590 --> 00:13:34,540 days days of protests like those during my 1982 visit to this city and the 324 00:13:34,540 --> 00:13:34,550 my 1982 visit to this city and the 325 00:13:34,550 --> 00:13:37,560 my 1982 visit to this city and the Soviets later walked away from the table 326 00:13:37,560 --> 00:13:37,570 Soviets later walked away from the table 327 00:13:37,570 --> 00:13:41,140 Soviets later walked away from the table but through it all the Alliance held 328 00:13:41,140 --> 00:13:41,150 but through it all the Alliance held 329 00:13:41,150 --> 00:13:44,950 but through it all the Alliance held firm and I invite those who protested 330 00:13:44,950 --> 00:13:44,960 firm and I invite those who protested 331 00:13:44,960 --> 00:13:49,750 firm and I invite those who protested then I invite those who protest today to 332 00:13:49,750 --> 00:13:49,760 then I invite those who protest today to 333 00:13:49,760 --> 00:13:53,350 then I invite those who protest today to mark this fact because we remain strong 334 00:13:53,350 --> 00:13:53,360 mark this fact because we remain strong 335 00:13:53,360 --> 00:14:09,530 mark this fact because we remain strong the Soviets came back to the table 336 00:14:09,540 --> 00:14:13,620 because we remain strong today we have 337 00:14:13,620 --> 00:14:13,630 because we remain strong today we have 338 00:14:13,630 --> 00:14:16,620 because we remain strong today we have within reach the possibility not merely 339 00:14:16,620 --> 00:14:16,630 within reach the possibility not merely 340 00:14:16,630 --> 00:14:19,860 within reach the possibility not merely of limiting the growth of arms but of 341 00:14:19,860 --> 00:14:19,870 of limiting the growth of arms but of 342 00:14:19,870 --> 00:14:23,130 of limiting the growth of arms but of eliminating for the first time an entire 343 00:14:23,130 --> 00:14:23,140 eliminating for the first time an entire 344 00:14:23,140 --> 00:14:25,710 eliminating for the first time an entire class of nuclear weapons from the face 345 00:14:25,710 --> 00:14:25,720 class of nuclear weapons from the face 346 00:14:25,720 --> 00:14:29,640 class of nuclear weapons from the face of the earth as I speak NATO ministers 347 00:14:29,640 --> 00:14:29,650 of the earth as I speak NATO ministers 348 00:14:29,650 --> 00:14:32,190 of the earth as I speak NATO ministers are meeting in Iceland to review the 349 00:14:32,190 --> 00:14:32,200 are meeting in Iceland to review the 350 00:14:32,200 --> 00:14:33,930 are meeting in Iceland to review the progress of our proposals for 351 00:14:33,930 --> 00:14:33,940 progress of our proposals for 352 00:14:33,940 --> 00:14:36,750 progress of our proposals for eliminating these weapons at the talks 353 00:14:36,750 --> 00:14:36,760 eliminating these weapons at the talks 354 00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:39,990 eliminating these weapons at the talks in Geneva we have also proposed deep 355 00:14:39,990 --> 00:14:40,000 in Geneva we have also proposed deep 356 00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:42,980 in Geneva we have also proposed deep cuts in strategic offensive weapons and 357 00:14:42,980 --> 00:14:42,990 cuts in strategic offensive weapons and 358 00:14:42,990 --> 00:14:46,050 cuts in strategic offensive weapons and the Western Allies have likewise made 359 00:14:46,050 --> 00:14:46,060 the Western Allies have likewise made 360 00:14:46,060 --> 00:14:49,050 the Western Allies have likewise made far-reaching proposals to reduce the 361 00:14:49,050 --> 00:14:49,060 far-reaching proposals to reduce the 362 00:14:49,060 --> 00:14:51,990 far-reaching proposals to reduce the danger of conventional war and to place 363 00:14:51,990 --> 00:14:52,000 danger of conventional war and to place 364 00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:56,880 danger of conventional war and to place a total ban on chemical weapons while we 365 00:14:56,880 --> 00:14:56,890 a total ban on chemical weapons while we 366 00:14:56,890 --> 00:15:00,360 a total ban on chemical weapons while we pursue these arms reductions I pledge to 367 00:15:00,360 --> 00:15:00,370 pursue these arms reductions I pledge to 368 00:15:00,370 --> 00:15:03,240 pursue these arms reductions I pledge to you that we will maintain the capacity 369 00:15:03,240 --> 00:15:03,250 you that we will maintain the capacity 370 00:15:03,250 --> 00:15:06,450 you that we will maintain the capacity to deter Soviet aggression at any level 371 00:15:06,450 --> 00:15:06,460 to deter Soviet aggression at any level 372 00:15:06,460 --> 00:15:16,860 to deter Soviet aggression at any level at which it might occur and in 373 00:15:16,860 --> 00:15:16,870 at which it might occur and in 374 00:15:16,870 --> 00:15:19,920 at which it might occur and in cooperation with many of our allies the 375 00:15:19,920 --> 00:15:19,930 cooperation with many of our allies the 376 00:15:19,930 --> 00:15:22,380 cooperation with many of our allies the United States is pursuing the Strategic 377 00:15:22,380 --> 00:15:22,390 United States is pursuing the Strategic 378 00:15:22,390 --> 00:15:25,590 United States is pursuing the Strategic Defense Initiative research to base 379 00:15:25,590 --> 00:15:25,600 Defense Initiative research to base 380 00:15:25,600 --> 00:15:27,570 Defense Initiative research to base deterrence not on the threat of 381 00:15:27,570 --> 00:15:27,580 deterrence not on the threat of 382 00:15:27,580 --> 00:15:31,140 deterrence not on the threat of offensive retaliation but on defenses 383 00:15:31,140 --> 00:15:31,150 offensive retaliation but on defenses 384 00:15:31,150 --> 00:15:34,560 offensive retaliation but on defenses that truly defend on systems in short 385 00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:34,570 that truly defend on systems in short 386 00:15:34,570 --> 00:15:37,770 that truly defend on systems in short that will not target populations but 387 00:15:37,770 --> 00:15:37,780 that will not target populations but 388 00:15:37,780 --> 00:15:41,850 that will not target populations but shield them by these means we seek to 389 00:15:41,850 --> 00:15:41,860 shield them by these means we seek to 390 00:15:41,860 --> 00:15:44,460 shield them by these means we seek to increase the safety of Europe and all 391 00:15:44,460 --> 00:15:44,470 increase the safety of Europe and all 392 00:15:44,470 --> 00:15:48,120 increase the safety of Europe and all the world but we must remember a crucial 393 00:15:48,120 --> 00:15:48,130 the world but we must remember a crucial 394 00:15:48,130 --> 00:15:53,190 the world but we must remember a crucial fact East and West do not mistrust each 395 00:15:53,190 --> 00:15:53,200 fact East and West do not mistrust each 396 00:15:53,200 --> 00:15:56,780 fact East and West do not mistrust each other because we are armed we are armed 397 00:15:56,780 --> 00:15:56,790 other because we are armed we are armed 398 00:15:56,790 --> 00:16:05,370 other because we are armed we are armed because we mistrust each other 399 00:16:05,380 --> 00:16:09,129 and our differences are not about 400 00:16:09,129 --> 00:16:09,139 and our differences are not about 401 00:16:09,139 --> 00:16:13,030 and our differences are not about weapons but about liberty when President 402 00:16:13,030 --> 00:16:13,040 weapons but about liberty when President 403 00:16:13,040 --> 00:16:15,249 weapons but about liberty when President Kennedy spoke at the city hall those 24 404 00:16:15,249 --> 00:16:15,259 Kennedy spoke at the city hall those 24 405 00:16:15,259 --> 00:16:19,090 Kennedy spoke at the city hall those 24 years ago freedom was encircled Berlin 406 00:16:19,090 --> 00:16:19,100 years ago freedom was encircled Berlin 407 00:16:19,100 --> 00:16:21,970 years ago freedom was encircled Berlin was under siege and today despite all 408 00:16:21,970 --> 00:16:21,980 was under siege and today despite all 409 00:16:21,980 --> 00:16:24,759 was under siege and today despite all the pressures upon this city Berlin 410 00:16:24,759 --> 00:16:24,769 the pressures upon this city Berlin 411 00:16:24,769 --> 00:16:27,939 the pressures upon this city Berlin stands secure in its liberty and freedom 412 00:16:27,939 --> 00:16:27,949 stands secure in its liberty and freedom 413 00:16:27,949 --> 00:16:31,720 stands secure in its liberty and freedom itself is transforming the globe in the 414 00:16:31,720 --> 00:16:31,730 itself is transforming the globe in the 415 00:16:31,730 --> 00:16:34,710 itself is transforming the globe in the Philippines in South and Central America 416 00:16:34,710 --> 00:16:34,720 Philippines in South and Central America 417 00:16:34,720 --> 00:16:38,340 Philippines in South and Central America democracy has been given a rebirth 418 00:16:38,340 --> 00:16:38,350 democracy has been given a rebirth 419 00:16:38,350 --> 00:16:41,170 democracy has been given a rebirth throughout the Pacific free markets are 420 00:16:41,170 --> 00:16:41,180 throughout the Pacific free markets are 421 00:16:41,180 --> 00:16:43,030 throughout the Pacific free markets are working miracle after miracle of 422 00:16:43,030 --> 00:16:43,040 working miracle after miracle of 423 00:16:43,040 --> 00:16:46,180 working miracle after miracle of economic growth in the industrialized 424 00:16:46,180 --> 00:16:46,190 economic growth in the industrialized 425 00:16:46,190 --> 00:16:49,269 economic growth in the industrialized nations a technological revolution is 426 00:16:49,269 --> 00:16:49,279 nations a technological revolution is 427 00:16:49,279 --> 00:16:52,120 nations a technological revolution is taking place a revolution marked by 428 00:16:52,120 --> 00:16:52,130 taking place a revolution marked by 429 00:16:52,130 --> 00:16:54,910 taking place a revolution marked by rapid dramatic advances in computers and 430 00:16:54,910 --> 00:16:54,920 rapid dramatic advances in computers and 431 00:16:54,920 --> 00:16:58,990 rapid dramatic advances in computers and telecommunications in Europe only one 432 00:16:58,990 --> 00:16:59,000 telecommunications in Europe only one 433 00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:02,949 telecommunications in Europe only one nation and those it controls refuse to 434 00:17:02,949 --> 00:17:02,959 nation and those it controls refuse to 435 00:17:02,959 --> 00:17:06,490 nation and those it controls refuse to join the community of freedom yet in 436 00:17:06,490 --> 00:17:06,500 join the community of freedom yet in 437 00:17:06,500 --> 00:17:08,919 join the community of freedom yet in this age of redoubled economic growth of 438 00:17:08,919 --> 00:17:08,929 this age of redoubled economic growth of 439 00:17:08,929 --> 00:17:12,130 this age of redoubled economic growth of information and innovation the Soviet 440 00:17:12,130 --> 00:17:12,140 information and innovation the Soviet 441 00:17:12,140 --> 00:17:15,760 information and innovation the Soviet Union faces a choice it must make 442 00:17:15,760 --> 00:17:15,770 Union faces a choice it must make 443 00:17:15,770 --> 00:17:18,850 Union faces a choice it must make fundamental changes or it will become 444 00:17:18,850 --> 00:17:18,860 fundamental changes or it will become 445 00:17:18,860 --> 00:17:26,750 fundamental changes or it will become obsolete 446 00:17:26,760 --> 00:17:30,450 today thus represents a moment of hope 447 00:17:30,450 --> 00:17:30,460 today thus represents a moment of hope 448 00:17:30,460 --> 00:17:33,419 today thus represents a moment of hope we in the West stand ready to cooperate 449 00:17:33,419 --> 00:17:33,429 we in the West stand ready to cooperate 450 00:17:33,429 --> 00:17:36,570 we in the West stand ready to cooperate with the east to promote true openness 451 00:17:36,570 --> 00:17:36,580 with the east to promote true openness 452 00:17:36,580 --> 00:17:39,419 with the east to promote true openness to break down barriers that separate 453 00:17:39,419 --> 00:17:39,429 to break down barriers that separate 454 00:17:39,429 --> 00:17:43,940 to break down barriers that separate people to create a safer freer world and 455 00:17:43,940 --> 00:17:43,950 people to create a safer freer world and 456 00:17:43,950 --> 00:17:46,470 people to create a safer freer world and surely there is no better place than 457 00:17:46,470 --> 00:17:46,480 surely there is no better place than 458 00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:49,289 surely there is no better place than Berlin the meeting place of East and 459 00:17:49,289 --> 00:17:49,299 Berlin the meeting place of East and 460 00:17:49,299 --> 00:18:01,470 Berlin the meeting place of East and West to make a start free people of 461 00:18:01,470 --> 00:18:01,480 West to make a start free people of 462 00:18:01,480 --> 00:18:04,020 West to make a start free people of Berlin today is in the past the United 463 00:18:04,020 --> 00:18:04,030 Berlin today is in the past the United 464 00:18:04,030 --> 00:18:06,270 Berlin today is in the past the United States stands for the strict observance 465 00:18:06,270 --> 00:18:06,280 States stands for the strict observance 466 00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:09,539 States stands for the strict observance and full implementation of all parts of 467 00:18:09,539 --> 00:18:09,549 and full implementation of all parts of 468 00:18:09,549 --> 00:18:13,830 and full implementation of all parts of the for power agreement of 1971 let us 469 00:18:13,830 --> 00:18:13,840 the for power agreement of 1971 let us 470 00:18:13,840 --> 00:18:16,740 the for power agreement of 1971 let us use this occasion the seven hundred and 471 00:18:16,740 --> 00:18:16,750 use this occasion the seven hundred and 472 00:18:16,750 --> 00:18:19,560 use this occasion the seven hundred and fiftieth anniversary of this city to 473 00:18:19,560 --> 00:18:19,570 fiftieth anniversary of this city to 474 00:18:19,570 --> 00:18:22,500 fiftieth anniversary of this city to usher in a new era to seek a still 475 00:18:22,500 --> 00:18:22,510 usher in a new era to seek a still 476 00:18:22,510 --> 00:18:25,080 usher in a new era to seek a still fuller richer life for the Berlin of the 477 00:18:25,080 --> 00:18:25,090 fuller richer life for the Berlin of the 478 00:18:25,090 --> 00:18:28,980 fuller richer life for the Berlin of the future together let us maintain and 479 00:18:28,980 --> 00:18:28,990 future together let us maintain and 480 00:18:28,990 --> 00:18:31,080 future together let us maintain and develop the ties between the Federal 481 00:18:31,080 --> 00:18:31,090 develop the ties between the Federal 482 00:18:31,090 --> 00:18:32,970 develop the ties between the Federal Republic and the Western sectors of 483 00:18:32,970 --> 00:18:32,980 Republic and the Western sectors of 484 00:18:32,980 --> 00:18:36,990 Republic and the Western sectors of Berlin which is permitted by the 1971 485 00:18:36,990 --> 00:18:37,000 Berlin which is permitted by the 1971 486 00:18:37,000 --> 00:18:41,669 Berlin which is permitted by the 1971 agreement and I invite mr. Gorbachev let 487 00:18:41,669 --> 00:18:41,679 agreement and I invite mr. Gorbachev let 488 00:18:41,679 --> 00:18:43,649 agreement and I invite mr. Gorbachev let us work to bring the eastern and western 489 00:18:43,649 --> 00:18:43,659 us work to bring the eastern and western 490 00:18:43,659 --> 00:18:47,159 us work to bring the eastern and western parts of the city closer together so 491 00:18:47,159 --> 00:18:47,169 parts of the city closer together so 492 00:18:47,169 --> 00:18:50,720 parts of the city closer together so that all the inhabitants of all Berlin 493 00:18:50,720 --> 00:18:50,730 that all the inhabitants of all Berlin 494 00:18:50,730 --> 00:18:53,549 that all the inhabitants of all Berlin can enjoy the benefits that come with 495 00:18:53,549 --> 00:18:53,559 can enjoy the benefits that come with 496 00:18:53,559 --> 00:18:55,799 can enjoy the benefits that come with life in one of the great cities of the 497 00:18:55,799 --> 00:18:55,809 life in one of the great cities of the 498 00:18:55,809 --> 00:19:07,590 life in one of the great cities of the world 499 00:19:07,600 --> 00:19:10,570 to open berlin still further to all 500 00:19:10,570 --> 00:19:10,580 to open berlin still further to all 501 00:19:10,580 --> 00:19:13,900 to open berlin still further to all Europe East and West let us expand the 502 00:19:13,900 --> 00:19:13,910 Europe East and West let us expand the 503 00:19:13,910 --> 00:19:17,110 Europe East and West let us expand the vital air access to this city finding 504 00:19:17,110 --> 00:19:17,120 vital air access to this city finding 505 00:19:17,120 --> 00:19:19,330 vital air access to this city finding ways of making commercial air service to 506 00:19:19,330 --> 00:19:19,340 ways of making commercial air service to 507 00:19:19,340 --> 00:19:22,060 ways of making commercial air service to Berlin more convenient more comfortable 508 00:19:22,060 --> 00:19:22,070 Berlin more convenient more comfortable 509 00:19:22,070 --> 00:19:25,390 Berlin more convenient more comfortable and more economical we look to the day 510 00:19:25,390 --> 00:19:25,400 and more economical we look to the day 511 00:19:25,400 --> 00:19:27,850 and more economical we look to the day when West Berlin can become one of the 512 00:19:27,850 --> 00:19:27,860 when West Berlin can become one of the 513 00:19:27,860 --> 00:19:31,030 when West Berlin can become one of the chief aviation hubs in all Central 514 00:19:31,030 --> 00:19:31,040 chief aviation hubs in all Central 515 00:19:31,040 --> 00:19:37,840 chief aviation hubs in all Central Europe with with our French with our 516 00:19:37,840 --> 00:19:37,850 Europe with with our French with our 517 00:19:37,850 --> 00:19:40,720 Europe with with our French with our French and British partners the United 518 00:19:40,720 --> 00:19:40,730 French and British partners the United 519 00:19:40,730 --> 00:19:42,430 French and British partners the United States is prepared to help bring 520 00:19:42,430 --> 00:19:42,440 States is prepared to help bring 521 00:19:42,440 --> 00:19:45,820 States is prepared to help bring international meetings to Berlin it 522 00:19:45,820 --> 00:19:45,830 international meetings to Berlin it 523 00:19:45,830 --> 00:19:48,250 international meetings to Berlin it would be only fitting for Berlin de 524 00:19:48,250 --> 00:19:48,260 would be only fitting for Berlin de 525 00:19:48,260 --> 00:19:50,440 would be only fitting for Berlin de servers the site of United Nations 526 00:19:50,440 --> 00:19:50,450 servers the site of United Nations 527 00:19:50,450 --> 00:19:53,590 servers the site of United Nations meetings or world conferences on human 528 00:19:53,590 --> 00:19:53,600 meetings or world conferences on human 529 00:19:53,600 --> 00:19:56,740 meetings or world conferences on human rights and arms control or other issues 530 00:19:56,740 --> 00:19:56,750 rights and arms control or other issues 531 00:19:56,750 --> 00:20:05,730 rights and arms control or other issues that call for international cooperation 532 00:20:05,740 --> 00:20:08,919 there is no better way to establish hope 533 00:20:08,919 --> 00:20:08,929 there is no better way to establish hope 534 00:20:08,929 --> 00:20:11,169 there is no better way to establish hope for the future than to enlighten young 535 00:20:11,169 --> 00:20:11,179 for the future than to enlighten young 536 00:20:11,179 --> 00:20:14,350 for the future than to enlighten young minds and we would be honored to sponsor 537 00:20:14,350 --> 00:20:14,360 minds and we would be honored to sponsor 538 00:20:14,360 --> 00:20:17,260 minds and we would be honored to sponsor summer youth exchanges cultural events 539 00:20:17,260 --> 00:20:17,270 summer youth exchanges cultural events 540 00:20:17,270 --> 00:20:19,570 summer youth exchanges cultural events and other programs for young Berliners 541 00:20:19,570 --> 00:20:19,580 and other programs for young Berliners 542 00:20:19,580 --> 00:20:21,160 and other programs for young Berliners from the East 543 00:20:21,160 --> 00:20:21,170 from the East 544 00:20:21,170 --> 00:20:23,919 from the East our French and British friends uncertain 545 00:20:23,919 --> 00:20:23,929 our French and British friends uncertain 546 00:20:23,929 --> 00:20:27,669 our French and British friends uncertain will do the same and is my hope that an 547 00:20:27,669 --> 00:20:27,679 will do the same and is my hope that an 548 00:20:27,679 --> 00:20:30,549 will do the same and is my hope that an authority can be found in East Berlin to 549 00:20:30,549 --> 00:20:30,559 authority can be found in East Berlin to 550 00:20:30,559 --> 00:20:33,100 authority can be found in East Berlin to sponsor visits from young people of the 551 00:20:33,100 --> 00:20:33,110 sponsor visits from young people of the 552 00:20:33,110 --> 00:20:40,830 sponsor visits from young people of the Western sectors 553 00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:45,600 one final proposal one close to my heart 554 00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:45,610 one final proposal one close to my heart 555 00:20:45,610 --> 00:20:48,970 one final proposal one close to my heart Sport represents a source of enjoyment 556 00:20:48,970 --> 00:20:48,980 Sport represents a source of enjoyment 557 00:20:48,980 --> 00:20:52,269 Sport represents a source of enjoyment and ennoble limit and you may have noted 558 00:20:52,269 --> 00:20:52,279 and ennoble limit and you may have noted 559 00:20:52,279 --> 00:20:54,570 and ennoble limit and you may have noted that the Republic of Korea South Korea 560 00:20:54,570 --> 00:20:54,580 that the Republic of Korea South Korea 561 00:20:54,580 --> 00:20:57,759 that the Republic of Korea South Korea has offered to permit certain events of 562 00:20:57,759 --> 00:20:57,769 has offered to permit certain events of 563 00:20:57,769 --> 00:21:01,779 has offered to permit certain events of the 1988 Olympics to take place in the 564 00:21:01,779 --> 00:21:01,789 the 1988 Olympics to take place in the 565 00:21:01,789 --> 00:21:05,110 the 1988 Olympics to take place in the north international sports competitions 566 00:21:05,110 --> 00:21:05,120 north international sports competitions 567 00:21:05,120 --> 00:21:07,090 north international sports competitions of all kinds could take place in both 568 00:21:07,090 --> 00:21:07,100 of all kinds could take place in both 569 00:21:07,100 --> 00:21:09,970 of all kinds could take place in both parts of this city and what better way 570 00:21:09,970 --> 00:21:09,980 parts of this city and what better way 571 00:21:09,980 --> 00:21:11,740 parts of this city and what better way to demonstrate to the world the openness 572 00:21:11,740 --> 00:21:11,750 to demonstrate to the world the openness 573 00:21:11,750 --> 00:21:14,649 to demonstrate to the world the openness of this city than to offer in some 574 00:21:14,649 --> 00:21:14,659 of this city than to offer in some 575 00:21:14,659 --> 00:21:17,950 of this city than to offer in some future year to hold the Olympic Games 576 00:21:17,950 --> 00:21:17,960 future year to hold the Olympic Games 577 00:21:17,960 --> 00:21:33,299 future year to hold the Olympic Games here in Berlin east and west 578 00:21:33,309 --> 00:21:37,560 in these four decades as I have said you 579 00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:37,570 in these four decades as I have said you 580 00:21:37,570 --> 00:21:41,049 in these four decades as I have said you Berliners have built a great city you've 581 00:21:41,049 --> 00:21:41,059 Berliners have built a great city you've 582 00:21:41,059 --> 00:21:44,230 Berliners have built a great city you've done so in spite of threats the Soviet 583 00:21:44,230 --> 00:21:44,240 done so in spite of threats the Soviet 584 00:21:44,240 --> 00:21:46,419 done so in spite of threats the Soviet attempts to impose the East mark the 585 00:21:46,419 --> 00:21:46,429 attempts to impose the East mark the 586 00:21:46,429 --> 00:21:50,259 attempts to impose the East mark the blockade today the city thrives in spite 587 00:21:50,259 --> 00:21:50,269 blockade today the city thrives in spite 588 00:21:50,269 --> 00:21:52,120 blockade today the city thrives in spite of the challenges implicit in the very 589 00:21:52,120 --> 00:21:52,130 of the challenges implicit in the very 590 00:21:52,130 --> 00:21:55,720 of the challenges implicit in the very presence of this wall what keeps you 591 00:21:55,720 --> 00:21:55,730 presence of this wall what keeps you 592 00:21:55,730 --> 00:21:58,690 presence of this wall what keeps you here certainly there's a great deal to 593 00:21:58,690 --> 00:21:58,700 here certainly there's a great deal to 594 00:21:58,700 --> 00:22:01,180 here certainly there's a great deal to be said for your fortitude for your 595 00:22:01,180 --> 00:22:01,190 be said for your fortitude for your 596 00:22:01,190 --> 00:22:04,149 be said for your fortitude for your defiant courage but I believe there's 597 00:22:04,149 --> 00:22:04,159 defiant courage but I believe there's 598 00:22:04,159 --> 00:22:06,940 defiant courage but I believe there's something deeper something that involves 599 00:22:06,940 --> 00:22:06,950 something deeper something that involves 600 00:22:06,950 --> 00:22:09,519 something deeper something that involves Berlin's whole look and feel and way of 601 00:22:09,519 --> 00:22:09,529 Berlin's whole look and feel and way of 602 00:22:09,529 --> 00:22:13,570 Berlin's whole look and feel and way of life not mere sentiment no one could 603 00:22:13,570 --> 00:22:13,580 life not mere sentiment no one could 604 00:22:13,580 --> 00:22:15,220 life not mere sentiment no one could live long and Berlin without being 605 00:22:15,220 --> 00:22:15,230 live long and Berlin without being 606 00:22:15,230 --> 00:22:18,299 live long and Berlin without being completely disabused of illusions 607 00:22:18,299 --> 00:22:18,309 completely disabused of illusions 608 00:22:18,309 --> 00:22:20,529 completely disabused of illusions something instead that has seen the 609 00:22:20,529 --> 00:22:20,539 something instead that has seen the 610 00:22:20,539 --> 00:22:22,840 something instead that has seen the difficulties of life in Berlin but chose 611 00:22:22,840 --> 00:22:22,850 difficulties of life in Berlin but chose 612 00:22:22,850 --> 00:22:25,840 difficulties of life in Berlin but chose to accept them that continues to build 613 00:22:25,840 --> 00:22:25,850 to accept them that continues to build 614 00:22:25,850 --> 00:22:29,200 to accept them that continues to build this good and proud City in contrast to 615 00:22:29,200 --> 00:22:29,210 this good and proud City in contrast to 616 00:22:29,210 --> 00:22:32,649 this good and proud City in contrast to a surrounding totalitarian presence that 617 00:22:32,649 --> 00:22:32,659 a surrounding totalitarian presence that 618 00:22:32,659 --> 00:22:35,019 a surrounding totalitarian presence that refuses to release human energies or 619 00:22:35,019 --> 00:22:35,029 refuses to release human energies or 620 00:22:35,029 --> 00:22:38,740 refuses to release human energies or aspirations something that speaks with a 621 00:22:38,740 --> 00:22:38,750 aspirations something that speaks with a 622 00:22:38,750 --> 00:22:41,860 aspirations something that speaks with a powerful voice of affirmation that says 623 00:22:41,860 --> 00:22:41,870 powerful voice of affirmation that says 624 00:22:41,870 --> 00:22:46,389 powerful voice of affirmation that says yes to this city yes to the future yes 625 00:22:46,389 --> 00:22:46,399 yes to this city yes to the future yes 626 00:22:46,399 --> 00:22:50,799 yes to this city yes to the future yes to freedom in a word I would submit that 627 00:22:50,799 --> 00:22:50,809 to freedom in a word I would submit that 628 00:22:50,809 --> 00:23:03,269 to freedom in a word I would submit that what keeps you in Berlin is love 629 00:23:03,279 --> 00:23:07,989 love both profound and abiding perhaps 630 00:23:07,989 --> 00:23:07,999 love both profound and abiding perhaps 631 00:23:07,999 --> 00:23:09,819 love both profound and abiding perhaps this gets to the root of the matter to 632 00:23:09,819 --> 00:23:09,829 this gets to the root of the matter to 633 00:23:09,829 --> 00:23:12,159 this gets to the root of the matter to the most fundamental distinction of all 634 00:23:12,159 --> 00:23:12,169 the most fundamental distinction of all 635 00:23:12,169 --> 00:23:15,819 the most fundamental distinction of all between east and west the totalitarian 636 00:23:15,819 --> 00:23:15,829 between east and west the totalitarian 637 00:23:15,829 --> 00:23:19,089 between east and west the totalitarian world produces backwardness because it 638 00:23:19,089 --> 00:23:19,099 world produces backwardness because it 639 00:23:19,099 --> 00:23:21,179 world produces backwardness because it does such violence to the spirit 640 00:23:21,179 --> 00:23:21,189 does such violence to the spirit 641 00:23:21,189 --> 00:23:24,699 does such violence to the spirit thwarted the human impulse to create to 642 00:23:24,699 --> 00:23:24,709 thwarted the human impulse to create to 643 00:23:24,709 --> 00:23:28,719 thwarted the human impulse to create to enjoy to worship the totalitarian world 644 00:23:28,719 --> 00:23:28,729 enjoy to worship the totalitarian world 645 00:23:28,729 --> 00:23:31,089 enjoy to worship the totalitarian world finds even symbols of love and of 646 00:23:31,089 --> 00:23:31,099 finds even symbols of love and of 647 00:23:31,099 --> 00:23:35,079 finds even symbols of love and of worship and affront years ago before the 648 00:23:35,079 --> 00:23:35,089 worship and affront years ago before the 649 00:23:35,089 --> 00:23:37,089 worship and affront years ago before the East Germans began rebuilding their 650 00:23:37,089 --> 00:23:37,099 East Germans began rebuilding their 651 00:23:37,099 --> 00:23:39,849 East Germans began rebuilding their churches they erected a secular 652 00:23:39,849 --> 00:23:39,859 churches they erected a secular 653 00:23:39,859 --> 00:23:42,669 churches they erected a secular structure the television tower at 654 00:23:42,669 --> 00:23:42,679 structure the television tower at 655 00:23:42,679 --> 00:23:47,079 structure the television tower at Alexanderplatz virtually ever since the 656 00:23:47,079 --> 00:23:47,089 Alexanderplatz virtually ever since the 657 00:23:47,089 --> 00:23:49,059 Alexanderplatz virtually ever since the authorities have been working to correct 658 00:23:49,059 --> 00:23:49,069 authorities have been working to correct 659 00:23:49,069 --> 00:23:51,579 authorities have been working to correct what they view as the towers one major 660 00:23:51,579 --> 00:23:51,589 what they view as the towers one major 661 00:23:51,589 --> 00:23:55,899 what they view as the towers one major flaw treating the glass sphere at the 662 00:23:55,899 --> 00:23:55,909 flaw treating the glass sphere at the 663 00:23:55,909 --> 00:23:58,359 flaw treating the glass sphere at the top with paints and chemicals of every 664 00:23:58,359 --> 00:23:58,369 top with paints and chemicals of every 665 00:23:58,369 --> 00:24:03,039 top with paints and chemicals of every kind yet even today when the Sun strikes 666 00:24:03,039 --> 00:24:03,049 kind yet even today when the Sun strikes 667 00:24:03,049 --> 00:24:06,009 kind yet even today when the Sun strikes that sphere lets fear that towers over 668 00:24:06,009 --> 00:24:06,019 that sphere lets fear that towers over 669 00:24:06,019 --> 00:24:10,359 that sphere lets fear that towers over all Berlin the light makes the sign of 670 00:24:10,359 --> 00:24:10,369 all Berlin the light makes the sign of 671 00:24:10,369 --> 00:24:22,470 all Berlin the light makes the sign of the Cross 672 00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:26,430 there in Berlin like the city itself 673 00:24:26,430 --> 00:24:26,440 there in Berlin like the city itself 674 00:24:26,440 --> 00:24:30,300 there in Berlin like the city itself symbols of love symbols of worship 675 00:24:30,300 --> 00:24:30,310 symbols of love symbols of worship 676 00:24:30,310 --> 00:24:34,420 symbols of love symbols of worship cannot be suppressed as I looked out a 677 00:24:34,420 --> 00:24:34,430 cannot be suppressed as I looked out a 678 00:24:34,430 --> 00:24:36,370 cannot be suppressed as I looked out a moment ago from the Reichstag that 679 00:24:36,370 --> 00:24:36,380 moment ago from the Reichstag that 680 00:24:36,380 --> 00:24:39,400 moment ago from the Reichstag that embodiment of German unity I noticed 681 00:24:39,400 --> 00:24:39,410 embodiment of German unity I noticed 682 00:24:39,410 --> 00:24:41,650 embodiment of German unity I noticed words crudely spray-painted upon the 683 00:24:41,650 --> 00:24:41,660 words crudely spray-painted upon the 684 00:24:41,660 --> 00:24:45,820 words crudely spray-painted upon the wall perhaps by a young Berliner quote 685 00:24:45,820 --> 00:24:45,830 wall perhaps by a young Berliner quote 686 00:24:45,830 --> 00:24:50,160 wall perhaps by a young Berliner quote this wall will fall beliefs become 687 00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:50,170 this wall will fall beliefs become 688 00:24:50,170 --> 00:25:02,820 this wall will fall beliefs become reality yes 689 00:25:02,820 --> 00:25:02,830 reality yes 690 00:25:02,830 --> 00:25:06,820 reality yes across Europe this wall will fall for it 691 00:25:06,820 --> 00:25:06,830 across Europe this wall will fall for it 692 00:25:06,830 --> 00:25:09,610 across Europe this wall will fall for it cannot withstand faith it cannot 693 00:25:09,610 --> 00:25:09,620 cannot withstand faith it cannot 694 00:25:09,620 --> 00:25:12,760 cannot withstand faith it cannot withstand the truth the wall cannot 695 00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:12,770 withstand the truth the wall cannot 696 00:25:12,770 --> 00:25:16,630 withstand the truth the wall cannot withstand freedom and I would like for I 697 00:25:16,630 --> 00:25:16,640 withstand freedom and I would like for I 698 00:25:16,640 --> 00:25:20,350 withstand freedom and I would like for I close to say one word I have read and I 699 00:25:20,350 --> 00:25:20,360 close to say one word I have read and I 700 00:25:20,360 --> 00:25:21,760 close to say one word I have read and I have been questioned since I've been 701 00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:21,770 have been questioned since I've been 702 00:25:21,770 --> 00:25:24,250 have been questioned since I've been here about certain demonstrations 703 00:25:24,250 --> 00:25:24,260 here about certain demonstrations 704 00:25:24,260 --> 00:25:28,060 here about certain demonstrations against my coming and I would like to 705 00:25:28,060 --> 00:25:28,070 against my coming and I would like to 706 00:25:28,070 --> 00:25:30,910 against my coming and I would like to say just one thing and to those who 707 00:25:30,910 --> 00:25:30,920 say just one thing and to those who 708 00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:34,510 say just one thing and to those who demonstrate so I wonder if they have 709 00:25:34,510 --> 00:25:34,520 demonstrate so I wonder if they have 710 00:25:34,520 --> 00:25:37,450 demonstrate so I wonder if they have ever asked themselves that if they 711 00:25:37,450 --> 00:25:37,460 ever asked themselves that if they 712 00:25:37,460 --> 00:25:39,850 ever asked themselves that if they should have the kind of government they 713 00:25:39,850 --> 00:25:39,860 should have the kind of government they 714 00:25:39,860 --> 00:25:43,840 should have the kind of government they apparently seek no one would ever be 715 00:25:43,840 --> 00:25:43,850 apparently seek no one would ever be 716 00:25:43,850 --> 00:26:06,350 apparently seek no one would ever be able to do what they're doing again 717 00:26:06,360 --> 00:26:07,970 thank you 718 00:26:07,970 --> 00:26:07,980 thank you 719 00:26:07,980 --> 00:26:23,160 thank you and God bless you all 720 00:26:23,170 --> 00:26:33,760 you 721 00:26:33,770 --> 00:26:35,830 you