so now let's take a look at the approach path with me looking at the radar the f d r and the plane approach model radar tracking stations corroborate a flight path towards the pentagon then there's a tight right bank control about bailey's crossroads at the intersection of routes seven and two forty four about five miles from the pentagon dulles flight controllers thought it would it was a military plane due to the fact that there's a fourteen thousand foot radius turn at three hundred fifty miles an hour things that commercial airliners don't do because it's not safe flight data recorder presents effectively the same path witnesses report the flight path who are in pentagon city them all of whose in the sheraton many many other witnesses support this plane approach observation independent evidence for the plane approach does  exist the independent corroborating data points are the radar and flight data recorder approaching the arlington area is a shadow that was captured in the sicko video camera there's a not street near washington boulevard distrait like damage there are many points of recorded physical evidence of the plane approach the first row we have for some orientation is the be not tower which is in the bottom left hand corner it's south of the navy annex we have a tree with a notch which is highlightin green along the flight path the flight path goes right over it we've got the citgo station where we're going to have a recorded shadow passing by we've got the light poles number one and two that will be touched down there's also  three other pop light poles that are of some significance and then as we get to the near terminus of the flight path we have from the diesel generator a retaining wall and ultimately the facade damage also the radar data for the pentagon plane is available took a look at that ultimately also took a look at the flight data recorder here the locations this shows the different radar sites that  recorded locations and how consistent if you plot them a google map you end up with the blue dots and so you can see that this is the radar traces for the different sites and the baileys crossroad is about where the plane straightened out if you plot the flight data recorder which has many more data points it's actually remarkably consistent with the  shape that we just saw and i'll be using the flight data recorder points because they are very can grow into the data from the radar data and they have more resolution we also have an interesting data point that a fellow named thomas tripp a zio who had an address at four hundred south barton he said he was sitting on his deck when a plane flew over him a tree top level or three hundred feet or whatever but it was right over his his porch in the somebody reported and we'll be taking a look at the where exactly that lines up  how well it lines up the citizens investigation team has an assertion that there was a north of citgo station flight path they assert that the plane approached the pentagon area passed over the southeastern part of the navy annex past the citgo station on the north side cross washing boulevard and either impacted the pentagon approximately perpendicular to the side or flew over the pentagon while witnesses were distracted by that nations of explosives explosion explosives however for this to happen there is the assertion that there is a high speed two thousand foot radius turn this north of citgo pass requires this two thousand foot radius turn to be taken at five hundred miles an hour or thereabouts  such a tight turn would create high nine plus g forces that an aircraft could not withstand the same g forces for would be required since he had his impact hypothesis or the c i t fly over hypothesis unless of course the plane went on plea different direction which no one talks about the path is shown to highlight this asserted type so this is the  that my life north signal path so we can see that the fourteen thousand foot radius is the big circle that once captured by the radar the plane then  approached the pentagon and in order for it to have follow the radar tracks and then go north of said go in and impacted there would have to be this two thousand foot radius turn which is not practical and also in order to get into it there would have to be about a twenty five hundred foot radius turn to get it to turn and go over the navy and x so that it could be on if the plane came in from a different direction for example came in more or less not anything associated with the radar tracks but came straight and did not do a two thousand foot type radius turn it would have to continue further straight north going affectively over the washington monument that's the direction that would be heading so let's take a look at the near pentagon  pentagon and so we're assuming that this is explainable through instrument drift and if we were to then make the alignments the plane would be on the the plane as it was approaching this area don no one's apartment is highlighted there one of the approach path witnesses said pick his recollection was actually about seeing a dark wing go by not not a shadow what you've done here is the plot of the plane going by not too far from where his shop would have been we highlighted where a shadow would have been if it was traveling it's ultimately going to go past the citgo station but we wanted to show where this would have been he could have seen the under part of the wing he was according to the interviews inside his building so he could not have seen the a lot of detail but he couldn't sing seen the wing go by basically covered that more detail but this is where the shadow would have been and from the geometry of the sun plane path the shadow suggests the location of the altitude now sort of about seventy five feet above ground level here there's a tree notch that provides a lot of information about where the plane was just before it hit the street lamps the tree near washing boulevard that's really interesting the tree with a arch is right in the middle of the flight path and you can see light pole number one and light pole number two are highlighted there and we'll take a look at this tree as the plane approach define the location of the right engine at this location consistent with the streetlamp damage and photos show stripping cunt branch and you can see that there are white why does change to the area suggesting that there are fresh cut branches and strip bark here's another photo eleven here the knots is clearly visible you can see just how flat the top is to take a look at a photo of the same tree from the about the same angle from before nine eleven you see the top of the tree is bush and there is the bushy tree now going to take a look at the lamppost impacts before looking at the lamp posts that were impacted at the pentagon we're going to take a look at a vehicle impact of a lamppost that was someplace else the lamp post was in in this case here is going to be trucks going to hit it it's going to be severed at the base which is the of strongest part of the mast you'll see that the the mast is crushed in deformed there's a severed area similar to the damage will see with the pentagon like lamppost lamps the lamp is disconnected at the top and falls kind separately and kind of falls in place minimal damage to the impacting truck wheel area suggesting that even though this large mass or the smart pole mast was destroyed it is not going to destroy the truck terribly and you can also imply from that the damage to the wing on the seven fifty seven would have been potentially not catastrophic so the first thing i want to mention is that after suffering the two massive impact on the vehicle the vehicle front is intact what we see here is highlighted in red this is the lamp the light piece the light at the top is falling separately and in about the place where it had been as the pole got whacked and jerked around this piece fell separately will see that something similar happened to many of the other light pole pieces and see it fall it falling and then if you take a look at the front of the car it's even though it's lacked a couple of these things it's still ok in us we can see the vehicle was almost kind of drivable even afterwards although i think it's pretty pretty injured here five lampposts that were impacted one was only bent indicating an impact by a wing tip  winds in ca the engine cowling as opposed to just the wing the lampposts three and four were severed into two pieces lamppost impacts we've just tried to kind of highlight where where they were to take a look at how strongly they would have been impacted like post number two is that is the furthest to the outside five are severed heads will see master parts master parts one and two for lead post number one are shown here the mass part one is the big thing that's twenty some feet long mass part two is about a five foot section and that is separate and then there's actually a third piece of it the very top foot or so is still connected to the slab support arms and that is in the fog line which can be seen on the photos wing here's a couple right under where it would it was was located are the lamps and one of the upper arms talk about the location of the lamp support pole number two and where that the post number three here's a picture a lamp post number three on the day of nine eleven from one of the first handheld video cameras but this is a closeup of it and you can see in august you know photograph from about september sixteenth or seventeenth something like that in this area so i had to make sure i had the right pole and could explain what that was but that's and that's where it was located  is where the the guard rails is the these lamp support arms this is another photo and you can see the lamp support arms leaning up against the wall people said that  some people speculated that the lamps could have been knocked down overnight or set in place and but people would have seen the stuff sticking out they would have seen the land mass three that we just looked at previously as  driving to the office so that they could not have been just put there the night before lamppost number five is seen here in this photo as the first truck is arriving here is lamppost number five new york next to the sidewalk from one of the first handheld videos of the of the pentagon on nine eleven and then this is another picture of it  usa going across the path that we've talked about and you can see kind of what the altitude is of the of the train and we put the obstacles on there we have the sheridan on the left hand side we have the the da tower and we've got the navy enix we've got  location it's about the citgo station we've got the lamp post number one and then we've got the generator trailer in the in the impact area of  if we draw it to scale so that the vertical horizontal about the same this is what we would get g forces house for nine eleven truth calculate g forces many people have used their assertion that these forces are too high to rule out a large plane impacts because the pilots have said that so we're going to take a look at what they actually said so the pattern i'm in truth use a simple equation for centripetal force to estimate the g forces it's applied to the aircraft descending from the v dot tower from the top of the beat up tower it's a straight line you descent from above the beat up tower to the to an arc where there's a transition to a level as it passes street lamp post number one equals the squared over are the witnesses present the problem has shown here this is from their video we have the pentagon on the right we have the plane coming in from the left we have an  that has a radius of two thousand and eighty five feet and so the plane's going to be coming in from the left swinging around coming rubble and hitting the pentagon building that's the way that they've set up the problem when you actually do the calculations it's the planes going estimated here by them seven hundred eighty one feet per second we speak square that they get be squared we divide by two hundred eighty five feet the radius we divide them divide by thirty two feet per second squared was a big celebration of gravity and we end up with nine point one four g s and then we had one for earth's gravity and we get the ten point one four so here's a more complete problem diagram that's got it pretty much drawn to scale so we have the playing starting from the left at the v that tower coming to the arc where it has to make the transition and then going to the pentagon wall on the right hand side it's a straight line from the dot to the arc one hundred ninety four feet we have one g to the left of the arc we have one g to the right of the arc we have ten point one four within the arc so it's a kind of a big difference there and so we're going to talk about what has to happen in order for the plane to actually begin making this transition the mechanics of the pile up is that the elevators have to be commanded by the pilot or the highly system that can tr someone begins to move the elevator as the elevator begins to move upward pressure from the forward motion pushes the tail down as a tear goes down the angle of attack of the main wing increases with the increased angle of attack the wings create more lift from the downwash and the as a plane was forward goes up relatives of the tail now the plane attained some anyway momentum that must be counteracted  i mentioned that because this is a very fast life changing orientation in a very short distance in a short time once the arc once you start entering into the arc to level out you have to under all that so you have to have the elevators have to be commanded to go in the opposite direction the control system begins to move the elevators from where they were to create this movement to go back to where they were as the elevator begins to move downward air pressure from the forward motion will push the tail up the angle attack of the main wing will decrease with decreased angle of attack the wings create less lift from the downwash as the plane moves forward again and then to obtain the level flight the angler momentum must be counteracted and then your level that we're going to see here is a sample of just how long you're going to be in that particular time period what we have is one that's white we're at about one g we're at one g and when you see the black that is the time wingy that's it so not very much time for all that stuff to have happened in the meantime the past and how much was calculated g force was done in transition it was only one hundred ninety four feet or only one point one plane lights kind of a short distance to get all that air motion across the wings in order to do all the forces on the elevator and all that other stuff but they calculate the force results in the ten point one four g and the g forces apply for only a quarter of a second there is soon to control system response seems a little fast there are so many mechanical operations that have to go on a dependencies between the mechanical systems the movements the air continuous arc over a longer distance instead of using two thousand and eighty five feet radius and applying it only for that short time period what we have here is an example of a sixteen thousand three hundred foot arc radius that creates an upward g force of one point one sixty that would be within the structural limits of a seven fifty seven and is actually consistent with the information that's in the flight data recorder the approach path conclusions the flight path developed from the from the radar and f d r tracks to the pentagon are consistent with observed data consistent with the trip a zero's location at fourteen hundred south burton the shadow because it's broken into three part means that was impacted by a very significant piece of the wing if not even the right engine cowling the bent lamp post number two verifies extremely of the of the left wing it can't be any further over or it would have sever d the pole or if it was a little further over to the right it would not have even hit it so kind of gives you a really good feel for where that is and of course near the facade we've got the impact a diesel generator trailer that provides the location of the right engine and the impacted retaining wall indicates the location of the left engine so now we're going to talk about the approaching plane near the pentagon right up close and to the facade and very near to the termin again here is the west wall before the of the pentagon before nine eleven the tree in front of columns sixteen are shown here and you've got the wires spools of highlighted we see the retaining wall that highlighted the circle where that's going to be impacted and the diesel generator trailer which we will be talking about the plane superimposed above the lawn is shown here the there have been some adjustments made for perspective here and you can see the right engine is hitting the trailer the left engine is in the location impact the  nose is hitting about column fourteen so this is from a perspective point of view about where you would be looking at things to happen to be doing this most of them atop you in the later slide so columns where the facade juts out a little bit the angle was approaching as a fifty two degrees fifty fifty two degrees something like that we've got fifty two shown here the which is where the plane parts of the heavy parts of the plane will travel through so in this sequence here what we see is that the plane is or is approaching it would have hit the impact of the diesel generator it would have used a lot of energy to move the small tight generator trailer and impacting on just one side it's going to begin the rotation of the of the plane as it travels because now the left right side is moving at a slower speed than the left side significant force exerted on a trailer across the trailer to accelerate towards the pentagon wall where in rotates and moves for about fifteen feet that same force to the plane and tends to push back on the plane on that in the remaining eighty or so feet won't be able to change very much but if the rotation does appear to continue to talk about that impact sequence within about a hundred feet of the pentagon the plane  impacts a diesel generator trailer it impacts the way spools impacts the retaining wall the right engine impacting the diesel generator causes the plane to rotate the trailer physically is moved which absorbs energy from the right side of the plane momentum the plane is rotated slightly and impacts the facade the right wing impacts the second floor columns eighteen to twenty column eighteen is passion until southward ne right into right engine impacts between columns sixteen and seventeen presently halfway between the first and second floor slabs the ground floor slab and the second floor slab approximately horizontal there won't  the plane impacts the facade of the left wing impacts the middle of the first floor was column nine a as a last impacted column on the north side as a plane impacts the building the left wing impacts in the stories columns thirteen through ten the four momentum of the plane's dissipated speed is reduced significantly don't know how much but by doing this damage to the pentagon wall it has to have talk about the facade the severed tree stump a column sixteen provides the height of the wing in the fuselage the bulk of the planes mass is in the lower third of the airframe structure the left wing impacts entirely below the second floor slab damage the second floor slab between columns eleven and twelve is attributable to the tail rather say this is a photo of a cut away of a plane a large passenger plane this is a a three hundred in the cent showing the structural support the luggage area below and where the wings are off on the left hand side you can see equivalent for a boeing seven hundred to seven which has the two seats here you've got the most of the masts in the structures below the passenger floor that's where people are walking that's where they all sports have to be the outer shelf has to just support all the  the the luggage racks and make sure that there's enough structure so i think holds together the most the masses in the lower part of the plane and that's where most of the damage was or most was and that's where most of the damage was done oh so before hitting the generator trailer we have this picture now we're going to start moving it a little closer towards the wall  retaining wall the right engine clears the generator trailer wing tip doesn't hit the ground there's no signs of it having hit the ground but the engine has stopped it from hitting from rotating down any further and that's the lowest point that the lowest angle of the wing can have  the plane continues towards assad probably accelerating spools four and seven continuous orders of his nose hit the column seen continues impacting the right engine impacts the window to the left of column seventeen in the second four columns eighteen and nineteen left engine impacts column twelve left wing impacts column nine a it's not nine column nine a is bowed not severed because of the energy that was expended the bulk of planes inside tail impacts in a column twelve and so i'm going to go through that again in the little more little different sequence here specter i'm going to be talking about the columns in particular here so what we have is the plane approaching i've highlighted the tree in front of column sixteen will be seen that move as the plane comes in as it gets slammed up against the wall and then as to continue moving southward or north here's the plane moving in for some more some more starts to have some action and as we see the nose hit about teen we see things continue we see engine impacting the columns in your column seventeen we see the plane approaching column twenty one it's got some rotation so the right wing impacts at the intersection of column eighteen in the second floor slab and impacting wing mascon basher break the columns but it can't move the floor slab floor slab is just too big and heavy end of the wing then begins to  observed so now we are set to talk about the tree that had been in front of column sixteen that has now been severed and is now hitting the facade of the pentagon from probably from the ground floor halfway up the ground floor to about the third floor this is going to create a lot mechanical stress as it hits the building rebounds and probably is breaking up some of the structure and is going to lead to the two window sections from column fifteen the column fourteen column fourteen the column thirteen to break away and fall away thus creating the sixteen foot horror let so many people have talked about and i can see i've moved the tree a column sixteen is now traveling through the plane column twenty one's not impacted so on because it's just outside the reach but column twenty which does have a line still knocked off it  clearly impacted by the slight end of the wing and were about ready to have the left engine impact about column fourteen i mean a column twelve there it is there it is the tree is accelerating towards the north and here what we have is that the seal window frame in column nine a only need to arrest the last twenty and we're looking at a pivot around the area of column eighteen in the floor slab was showing impacting we're showing  that as it rotates there are there are forces on the wings of that kind of push it to the right but those forces also are a column which is pushing the column to the left or to the south this point as the fulcrum and then as the wing is pushed in more the column eighteen which was bashed in with the connections to the slab significantly damaged our now is now pushed slightly to the south now to take a look at the left wing as it begins to impact the window frame the kind of darker lines are the structure of the wing so the front leaning spar is showing it as being damaged in deformed but the rear support is not damaged it's still kind of holding everything would tend to hold everything together in this light and can some of the column it doesn't have enough energy to to do it and that's evidenced by the steel frame still being in existence as well as the grabbed as the plane mass is going through and that also helps to rotate the frame so that the fingers are now ninety degrees or hundred twenty degrees away from where their original orientation which was pointing out towards the so we have not call nine a in the adjacent steel window frame that was resisting the way the wing the is when the support fingers were oriented outward towards the road along side of the window  after the impact there rotated one hundred twenty degrees or at a minimum ninety degrees but one hundred twenty looks about right the left wing would have caught on some of those fingers and it can explain some of that rotation as it's pushing the as a material as cotton pushed them just one side column one a is again also shown to be rotated more at the height of the wing impact th other forces that are going on in this particular area and sean boger who was in the control tower describes a plane and tree wings and all into the pentagon he says i just see like the nose in the wing of an aircraft just like coming right at us and he didn't beer and you just heard the noise and then he just smacked in the building and when it hit the building i'm watching the plane go all the way into the building so once it went into the building it exploded and once it exploded i could the floor and i there much to some of the key locations of the facade are that there's a lot of evidence of a large momentum based impact consistent with a large plane cannot be explained by other parts is either the exterior  exterior planted explosives interior explosives or cruise missile to this is the again the column nineteen bastian portion of the column on the second floor another view of the another view of that and again showing the pivot point or the right wing at the evil force lab and column eighteen plane debris that's really visible on the shelf but there is some limestone as a result of the impact into a column twenty which is on the left column twenty one has no visible damage  another picture showing column twenty one no damage column twenty with significant limestone that has fallen away and more debris debris on the shelf but it doesn't look like plane parts and another aerial view of the same area selling the same kind of damage and again call nine a is bowed in order at the north end from the wing impact so i've already described how this is evidence of the light end of the wing being slowly relatively slowly arrested by the impacting forces and it's not enough to break or sever the column the damage near column twelve suggest the impacting masses into the second floor the height of the wing as we've talked about before was established by the bend in bow in column nine a so the wing is about halfway between the first and second floor slabs the only thing that could be hitting this area here between two columns twelve and thirteen would be the  r tail section of the plane and as we saw from the rotation this is about the location where it would have been impacting let's take a closer look here so what we smoke we see here is the two window frames of two blast resistant windows you can actually see the fingers of the supports the one between twelve and come twelve and thirteen the brick in fall has been knocked loose in this area suggesting that there was a significant impact into this area the beam that goes across the front is also missing suggesting that the that it has been impacted falling away and maybe even dragged down into the into the opening by the impacting tail section so this provides a lot of detail related to the area where it appears that the tail in the rudder section would have impacted the wingspan one hundred twenty four feet but because it's coming in at a different angle it has to be made a bit larger without rotation the projection would be one hundred fifty seven feet because we assume that the engine hit the the right engine hit the generator trailer began some rotation also there was a little probably a little additional rotation caused by the right wing impact in the wall the rotation has no significant impact on the direction of momentum just the orientation of the plane and i've assumed that both wings flexed up about four feet at the wing tips the impact angle is about four degrees in the horizontal what we see show here is the west facade area showing the impact area we've seen this picture before and now what i've done is i've superimposed a plane with these adjustments to it so that what we have is the plane impacting above the second  barely missed on the right hand side we have the engine impacting it column twelve and the orientation of the wing is at the right angle to push in column nine consistent with all the damage to the wall and the if we take a closer look here on the right hand side we can see that i've placed the wing is right about where the column one thousand years bashed in it's rotating around the right wing is rotating around the intersection of column eighteen and the second floor slab the right wing or the left wing is at the point where the column nine a is bashed in are bent the most and of course you can see that the steel window frame next to it and we've got the tree stump just showing the  correct height for being severed by the leading wings now we're going to see the trace of the right in the left engine this is the right engine the right engine is going to be travelling towards the wall it's going to compensate it's going to have to go down because the right wing is either not going down or it's gone up a bit i will see that next in the next line here's the left engine and what you're going to see is that as the left engine is traveling towards the impact point at the column twelve it's going to get pushed down about whether  to it's going to hit there probably has a significant downward velocity as it's rock down hits the ground and they bounce up a little bit but in the meantime it's love to marty and it also prevents the  less rest of the wing tip from actually approaching and touching the ground and so after bounces a little bit it's going to continue on intact column twelve proximately well and what we have here is the two of them outlined together kind of trying to so the little jig that they're doing as the plane is approaching the wall and it is rotating around the angle of  axis of rotation as it's approaching the wall now we're going to take a look at the wires the presence of the white schools has been cited as evidence against a large plane impact post impact photos show them in the path of the plane however their initial location was not previously known now sufficient pre impact photos are available to identify where they were in advance of the plane impact five five  schools are seen in the post impact photos i'm assuming that schools five and six are probably label correctly schools three four and seven are our best guesses which ones which  as one two three four five six and seven we can see these from the aerial photographs that from september seventh you can see that there they are located here i have identified them  from this from the previous photo with the same numbering system and shown them here so they are all identified and afterwards after the  the impact five of the seven are seen we don't know what happened to the one saying that one and two are are missing don't know which ones actually are but that's the that's always worse were  able to see here here was able to see three four five six and seven we have three schools that were not towards the wall you can see them here and we have five and six that seem to be about where they were originally stored three schools that were not towards the wall is another picture of them the fifth spools observer is obscured by smoke reconstruct it virtually our goal is to figure out why it collapsed late in the afternoon on september eleventh two thousand and one even though it was not hit by in their mind the investigation conducted by the to our investigation we'll evaluate the probability that this was the cause of the collapse we are making this study and transparent whether you are a physicist engineer architect fire expert or specialist in another field or just in our nary says we want your participation we are making all of our data available online every aspect of our process regarding the molly will be shared and we will be giving regular updates from the lab as we continue our work join us in getting to the bottom of why world trade center seven collapsed on september eleventh two thousand and