pilot the place from which the first atomic power was dropped over here  high school in richland washington that japan would have surrendered even if the atomic bombs had not been dropped even if russia had not entered the war and even if no invasion had been planned or contemplated the national archives in washington church japanese peace over s to persuade russia to play ball terrorism in the you know in the broadest definition is any act that targets civilians rather than military although some terrorist acts do target military but generally it's conceded the be targeting of civilians and non combatants with the purpose of defeating a society there's a great deal of state violence against people that they are considered enemies of the state that could be considered and should be considered terrorism however the states define terrorism as acts of either asymmetrical warfare worry less armed and capable group is trying to have some influence might even be self defensive and using terrorist tactics in order to  dissuade them in the i think the human community a boy to violence as much as possible because our in our memory of violence and when you choose violence you're not only harming the person you're using as the enemy you're harming yourself and i think the human community knows that lesson so people will put up with a great deal of abuse before they go to bylane so many things are are called terrorism and many terrorist acts are  exempted however if people get to a point of despair or hopelessness and they feel that there's no other way out and all other options have been tried then a small segment of them well will win by arguing for violence and for a period they'll get sanctuary and sanction and support out of the larger group for the violence but once you restore justice and restore hope then those people are no longer given that sanction and support and that's really the only way out of the cycle to respond to terrorism with counter terrorism and violence in the end only creates more victims and more anger so terrorism is one of these concepts one of these tours it's obviously very important way the term is generally used is something like shock and awe be something done generally by nonstick groups can be backed by terrorist states can be backed by enemies states but generally they want to avoid the idea of terrorism begin to attach to states even in the axis of evil i think there's a whole they would prefer that these evil states sponsor tears the notion that states can it hurt to be terroristic and use terroristic methods is kind of dangerous because  that might come back to haunt us so generally nonstate generally low tech you know a lawyer self up in the marketplace and so it's pretty low tech to i said it was a form of shock and awe what i meant by that is that  when we use the word terrorism we generally refer to an act of extreme violence which is meant to shock its nose if it shocks accidentally the bombing of tokyo dealt a huge psychological blow to the japanese and the man who had masterminded and led the raid was the then  united states is to survive long standing american concepts a few plane must be reconsidered health care workers human rights advocates labor organizers they have become the insurgents there are seen as eleni may go the enemy and they are those who become the targets of those who are in their lessons at the school of the america just north of the training facility is that of the mercenary senior cia official in the us occupied region of south vietnam later became director of the cia what they would do is the cia would go out and use their contacts in various and here let me fill in this form of what you have to say the forms go back to a deficit the data gets entered into the primitive computers as say existed in one nine hundred sixty eight sixty nine one hundred seventy whose way before c s get cranked through the computer and out comes a list of people's names and their cousins names their wives names the kids names what was a kid over here in some other region that where getting turned in by somebody else to go well so the father and the kid two regions both getting turned in his alleged vehicle now what do we do well we do two things sometimes go and capture them and try to turn them into double agents more often what they did is go and try to identify them and kill them and by the agency's own accounting at least twenty thousand people were killed in this fashion and it got to be  be had to kill them again and then people would you know we had the most years they would get the most beers you trade you use for beers that's a style of warfare that has in in new forms been picked up in central america the u s intervention in nicaragua and el salvador in nicaragua it wasn't a direct in that intervention they didn't send in the marines what they did is a hired a proxy force called the contr salvador again they didn't send in the marines what they did was sponsor a a political faction in their countries called have been in their country's military equip them with these tools basically the same framework of collecting rumors about people compiling the rumors cross referencing the rumors and then using that to support death squads today you have the same situation in afghanistan that the same situation was a major part of this so called surge in iraq and i think it was in the mid eighties that i cohen this frayed the third or third world war because in my research i realized that we were not attacking the soviet union and the cia's activities we were attacking people in the third world and i'm going to just quickly in the interest of time just give you a little sense of what that what that means this third world war basically it's the third i believe in terms of loss of life and human destruction the third bloodiest war and all of history they undertake to run operations in every corner of the globe they also undertook the license of operating just totally above and beyond the u s laws they had a license if you will to kill but also they they took that to a license to smuggle drugs a license to do all kinds of things to other people and other societies and violation of international law our law and every principle of nations working together for a healthier and more peaceful world meanwhile again they battled to convert the u s legal system in such a way that it would give them control of our society now we have massive documentation  what they call the secret wars of the cia we don't have to guess or speculate we had the church committee investigate them in one nine hundred seventy five gave us our first really in depth powerful look inside this structure senator church said in the fourteen years before he did his investigation that he found they had run nine hundred major operations and three thousand minor operations and if you extrapolate that over the whole period of the forty odd years that we've had a cia you come up with three thousand major operations and over ten thousand minor operations every one of them illegal every one of them destructive of the lives and societies of other peoples and many of them bloody and gory  beyond comprehension almost serial killer sadistic personalities and as it happened he worked for the state department has become the poster child for american torture during the cold war tortured and gang raped during her ordeal she had then to find the leader of the guy as a fellow citizen of the united states i came out a totally but also with new eyes and more attuned to the hurting the brokenness the the oppression that the seat of my government or her people say that what happened in gray is an isolated incident and i have to just shake my head and say you know are we on the same planet you know aren't you aware of our history you know isn't history taught in the classroom about it was the role of the u s government in human rights violations cia director michael morales was forced to admit that the film creates the strong impression that the enhanced interrogation techniques that were part of our former detention and interrogation program were the key to finding bin laden that well i want to say will bring among you now but that's already been used it on you so when i got off the phone i said they so afraid i guess you know get over your shock me and some some people will think it's no good intelligence has ever come from harsh interrogation techniques history has put this in the empirical experience less five years com quote if torture does not produce reliable intelligence as all credible experts insist the question remains as to why governments bother to use the tactic at all would be convicted by so called evidence obtained through torture  autocratic fundamentalists credit goes to iraq because this this tyrant is there and so and so this is the liberation narrative it's a narrative of benevolence and it's very dangerous therefore to have too much this overt or torture and yet there's always been along with the this liberator narrative a kind of secondary narrative a loon bit just a little bit in the wings a little bit i think it's an important shift and i think it shows the cracks that are developing in in the imperial here that we don't have legitimate institutions we don't have the love and affection we don't have the credibility you know any of those things that most government aspire governments aspire to have their core we must rule through naked aggression abutted using fear and that is what the us is turn to resort to know that very tricky because it's pretty well known that you're that these acts of for example torture or you torture people or you drop bombs on what you do shock and awe on them but even this is even recognized by the way in shock and  as it turns out world war two general jimmy do middles man up to president eisenhower claiming that the u s would have to abandon traditional american notions of fair play was based more on men than reality notably absent from most mainstream histories of the united states they're not military manuals is the concept of total war according to the strategy attacks against civilians and their infrastructure are not only fair game they are a vital component of the war effort in the united states total war was employed against indigenous populations with genocidal results similar techniques would also be adopted against peanuts in the late one nine hundred centur cambodia almost every stranger for the first time the vietnamese are seeing the holocaust as a conventional war the kind of leveled much of korea and destroyed dozens of cities in world war two women children babies some are day some are not dead by evening government spokesmen are saying another grand victory has been won and pine tree problems the situation is once again stabilized will be more fighting and more work words spoken by generals journalists politicians but here on one it's difficult to imagine what those words can be there's nothing left to say about this war there's the problem for ronald reagan was twofold we would just come out of the vietnam war and public opinion and the united states was overwhelmingly opposed s military interventions of brown mainly because of the i want to sort of lives and the hundreds of thousands of wounded american soldiers and the traumatic experiences they had developed involved and economic rather than an overt conscription program as well as intense media censorship of the casualties of war the public would be taught that modern warfare was a clinical exercise mostly devoid of civilian casualties even if the opposite became true years ago there were fifty major media corporations in the united states actually a little bit more probably closer to sixty and in that time we've come down now to ten major companies and you know you've got the five big television companies  with the twenty four hour news m s n b c and fox and c n n and that's where most people are getting their news so that's very limited and then you've got the new york times washington post you know l a times chicago tribune or the big papers it's very concentrated and very narrow ten major companies now that dominate the news in the united states and other suppliers of of the ideas and they understand the aims of the american people have access to the board of directors of the ten big media groups could fit a medium sized classroom we're talking about one hundred twenty people or so and they all pretty much know each other they get turned sort of boards of directors of like twenty percent of the corporate one thousand so there are big corporation boards in addition to being a media force and what we've seen since nine eleven is a real penetration of from the military industrial companies the military companies the top ten on the board of directors of media firms you've got this really in depth penetration between the military companies the ones that are so profitable since nine eleven i mean we're seeing three hundred percent increase in profits relocking martin north occurred and you know literally capturing billions of dollars of of money and because of war and then having people write sitting on the boards of the big media companies it is a two thousand pound bomb that is deadly accurate and that is the thing that is allowing us to do the loudest in afghanistan it will allow us in this next conflict to be terribly accurate terribly precise and terribly destructive to see that military targets are ours destroyed to be sure but that it's done in a way and in a manner in any destruct in any direction and with a weapon that is appropriate to that very particular rise toward the weapons that are being used today have a degree of precision that no one ever dreamt there's a saying the first casualty of war is the truth and that's true you know whether any country uses propaganda first of all on its own citizens to get into a war to make sure the public supports the war and then the enemy to defeat the enemy and wars are filled with propaganda terms like that are smart bombs and so they don't cause collateral damage but what does that even mean smart bombs and collateral damage means that when you're bombing baghdad you're killing civilians there's no way around it that's collateral damage it sounds like something in an insurance policy you know it helps us not really think of what's going on the idea of the military being able to show for the age from a nose cone some missile entering a window and blowing up a building well obviously that's a pretty smart bomb because they just went in there and got the bad guys i mean the bad guys a sort of a post nine eleven term that's right out of you know all the cowboy movies of the twentieth century the lone ranger was always after the bad guys john wayne was always out to get the bad guys were often live to believe that this is another one of these binary systems you know they kill intentionally and when i say kill i mean kill innocent people intentionally kill civilians kids and stuff and we on the other hand unfortunately sometimes you know do that but it's always unintentional it's accidental it's no we're really trying to do and i think my response to that is twofold in terms of intention this is a false binary but if you look at legal systems around the world you find that they recognize that for something for to talk about murder for example most legal systems will say you have to have more than killing b which is physical are you also have to have a certain mental state and latin memes riya and means the guilty mind and then and then there are discussions in and distinctions and divisions in legal systems to what this d without that degree of intentional so there are concepts of criminal negligence there concepts of doing something knowingly rather than unknowingly concepts of recklessness concepts of and so knew or should have known should have reasonably know that their action would cause this day there are at least four levels of distinction in the psyche of the guilty mind and we should keep this in mind because it isn't a question of either on the one who truly or have a moustache or somehow it's an accident there's all these possibilities and between so for example if somebody says well my intention was not to kill  out well ok tried out you know you'll end up in jail for quite a while but the second thing i want to do is talk about actual interest charges some people still think that all of the you know the governments of the west would never do any kind of attack on called centers of gravity it's not enough to attack the pervy of your opponent you know in a modern industrial society make make good times much more sense to attack for example they're centers of production industrial production or their centers of production of information propaganda or whatever you call the centers of gravity and this idea of the c e o of g e or center of gravity is still very much alive in   hydroelectric stations were target obviously were vital to the health of the society who they were vital to maintaining pure water for example sewage system water purification system so when you talk about the they only used precision guided munitions the question is yeah but if they use them to knock out those mechanisms for me tainting health in the society then obviously they are destroyed their health and then go there