like to begin by explaining to you all how this project got started it was a long time in the making most of my life as an academic and as an activist revolved around the black freedom movement revolved around civil rights issues that's what i planned on studying in college in many ways i did going to graduate school for as a young kid a young student who clear weapons wasn't on my radar like a lot of kids it was in the abstract i was fighting for  abject poverty and i was thinking nobody's going to be crazy enough to use them so it was out of my realm but in two thousand and five as a student is when i made my first trip to hiroshima and nagasaki and when i went there and met with atomic bomb survivors and saw what my country had done i was filled with such rage and guilt and anger that i couldn't ignore it and so i came back and i said to my advisor at the time i need to find a way to combine these two passions of my own limited way he says i'm in a limited nuclear weapons and he said well answer me one question what did african americans think about dropping the atomic bombs on hirosh starting to find the answer to that question is the thing that led me down this path and ultimately to this book and all this work and when i pitched this idea to a lot of colleagues and friends they said you're not going to find anything they said african americans were too busy trying to gain their own freedom and equality here understandably so it couldn't possibly care about this issue but they were wrong in june of one nine hundred sixty four a group of hiroshima survivors  states what is it that you want to do most and then also the same thing we know about the milgram at the time was traveling through the middle east and through africa and she was friends with him of course there was writing letters but i didn't think any of them actually got to him and the last day when the survivors were in her apartment in harlem there's a knock at the door and she answered the door and there stood malcolm and he spent the day with the time a bomb survivors and said the bomb that hit you was the atomic bomb with the bomb that hit us was racism and war and colonialism the nuclear weapons and race were all interconnected because he understood what so many before him understood that the issue wasn't about civil rights it was universal human rights so my book and my research look said those african american activists who consistently argued that the fight for racial equality in the united states was inexplicably linked to nuclear disarmament and liberation movements around the world gallup ran a poll a week after the atomic bombings in which eighty five percent of the american public agree with truman's decision to use nuclear weapons or roper poll was held a week later which twenty two percent of the american public wish that your parents surrendered so we could have  more nuclear weapons or kill more people and in fact no poll up until late october of one nine hundred forty five ever showed more than four point five percent of the american public criticizing truman's decision and that's because in this country we had a genocidal race hatred against the people of japan that is unparalleled in our nation's history even worse than the racism that we saw towards people of middle eastern descent after nine eleven if you look at the images of the japanese during that time during world war two after pearl harbor there were of cockroaches and mice and vermin and yellow monkeys and why because if you reduce a people to being something less than human and other diseases or commit violence against them you're not dropping bombs on mothers and fathers and sons and daughters and human beings and this is not new we of course did this in vietnam we of course did this with slavery if you're going to take millions of people and kidnap them from africa for hundreds of years beat them and rape them and castrate them and burn them alive into all of this torture and genocide you can't do it if they're human beings so we create another we create something less than human so this is not new the model of the marines at the time was remember pearl harbor keep them dying general joseph stilwell wrote to his wife quote when i think of all these bowl like it cockroaches have ruined our common live in makes you want to read jet guts around every lamppost in asia and we don't do this with the other countries or world war two we're very careful in our literature to separate nazis from germans fascist from italians we're not japan everyone was guilty for what happened or pro harper but this was in the case of the black community and of course nothing is monolithic and everybody thought the same but there was an affinity for the japanese that was already built in the black community before the bomb was ever dropped many forget that when it only invaded ethiopia one hundred thirty five and the us did nothing it was the japanese who publicly came out and said they were going to come to the defense of their colored brothers and sisters in concentration camps for no crime they committed but simply because of the color of their skin and said this could happen to us are we going to be next and started sneaking in food and clothes into the internment camps and so before there was any major anti nuclear movement activists and artists and musicians and journalists and pastors and ordinary folks in the black community came out against truman and decision to use nuclear weapons the atomic veterans of course were some of the initial protesters and activists as well as those in the religious community and so when i first first of doing this research i mean really went to the black press chicago defender pittsburgh courtier baltimore afro american this is where so many in the african american community got their news from and i saw well mainly a pattern with calamus criticizing truman's decision and critical of nuclear weapons but i want to know what ordinary folks stop so i started going through letters to the editor now i speak to classes of college students today and i talk about searching this you all of the luxury now quest so you get to just go into a database cup if you put in a queue few keystrokes it's search and so therefore you i was in the library of congress on microfilm going through issue by issue looking at every single letter and when i found whether it was beauty shop owners or truck drivers or to mr workers i found the same thing i found the same pattern of being critical and scared of nuclear weapons i started looking at pastors black pastors and churches their sermons made after the atomic bombing and i found another pattern a very apocalyptic narrative that the genie was let out of the bottle do we have enough religion to stop this racism and the rise of nuclear weapons and one of the first to come out and question truman's racism in this decision was released the news and he was certainly right to do so truman's not the most racist president we perhaps have that now but certainly was one of the most racist presidents in u history if you go through truman's letters to his wife best he rarely ever refers to african americans as anything other than the n word this is a man who is mother openly supported the confederacy when she visited him at the white house said she'd rather sleep on the floor than ever step foot in lincoln's bedroom he brags in interviews that when you got married and his family sister you got slaves as wedding presents the star of the house keeping with he said a ten dollar check to the ku klux klan to join but they sent it back to him because he refused to fire catholic workers in one of the jobs and businesses he was running in missouri and when he was told that we just dropped the atomic bomb on hiroshima killing hundreds of thousands of people instantly the first thing you do is jump up in there and say quote this is the greatest thing in history i found  truman as quote the butcher of asia and is visibly upset that more into black community are not doing something to stop this madness but if you initial protests the most came from what's known as the black popular front council on african affairs the national negro congress and most notably w e b dubois of the great paul robeson dubois said that what we did japan was going to quote set back the progress of colored nations for decades to come and liking to truman to hitler paul robeson who it's just so tragic that so many of my students have never heard his name this amazing individual i'm so glad that steve mcqueen the director of twelve years a slave is signed on to do a bio pic of him so students will finally get to discover who knew who he was in january of ninety six there was a rally and madison square garden twenty thousand people there at that rally paul robeson immediately discusses the coalition issue asking the question where is the united states getting the iranians to build nuclear weapons and the answer of course was the belgian controlled congo but so much of this vocal criticism stops in the late one nine hundred forty s and early fifty's because of the truman doctrine long before george w bush ever said where the surge gets the us it was truman who put that line in the sand and so one of the worst labels you could get in this country at that time was to be black and red mccarthyism nation and so a lot of these groups film yoot it was too much of a price to pay so i'm trying to bargain the n w c pete on this particular issue took a sharp turn to the right they thought that if they became far anti communist even going against their own leader and a voice that somehow this would result in civil rights doesn't happen but not everybody thought that peace was a bargaining chip because the same time in the early one nine hundred fifty s you again when i tell young students today about a petition to ban nuclear weapons big deal because we could all be armchair activists we could all go on our phones and go to change dot org or one click away from saying we signed a petition that wasn't the case for these people they targeted the black community people at merion manderson and charlie parker were signing this and there are real consequences for putting your name on this petition to ban nuclear weapons people lost their jobs were physically accosted went to jail government brought up charges for w e b dubois to be an agent to the soviet union found not guilty of course millions of people go sign this petition in the united states sixty million signed it worldwide and so when you look at here we are way before the civil rights movement the dawn is it and here you have so many in the black community risking their lives their careers to fight against nuclear weapons because they saw the breakout of the korean war and they said we're not going to allow another here if she were to happen that in another people of color because we have threatened multiple times use nuclear weapons in korea they saw the arms race happening and we developed the bomb in forty five the russians get in forty nine but we get the hydrogen bomb in fifty two they get it fifty three and now it's fully on and they say it's not going to happen on our watch so it's extraordinary to see them doing this when there's all these issues in the early fifty's facing them in terms of civil rights and in the mid one nine hundred fifty s when we look at when the civil rights movement really came into play we largely look at nine hundred fifty five pivotal year in the summer of one nine hundred fifty five you have the heinous murder of  twenty seven nations coming together and if you look at the bandung conference and what they were fighting for and why they were meeting it was to fight white supremacy it's a fight for nuclear disarmament and all of this was leading to what's known as the sahara project the late one nine hundred fifty s the french government wanted to be a world power and they wanted to test their first nuclear weapon and where did they decide to test it in the sahara and so at the time your ideal jury revolution happening it qualm a new crew were rising up and down and getting their independence and the people in ghana feared that this nuclear test what the fallout would do the cocoa industry until the individual that took a look at all this and said here we are fighting for equality in the united states and here you have the french testing a nuclear weapon in africa independence movements how this is all related it was instead mentioned by rusted again somebody so forgotten so forgotten in our history why because he was gay there is the organizer that dates all the test and that everybody wanted to do that a philip randolph and other civil rights leaders were writing to him saying come back to the united states we're working on the primaries working on protesting kennedy and he was writing back saying don't you understand all these things are related this is the most important work of my life this is how it's all connected and so they tried multiple times to put their bodies on the line to stop the test and eventually the french do test their nuclear weapon in february one nine hundred sixty but i don't look at as a failure because protests break out all over the continent and not just add a cruel follows up with the world without the bomb conference and other conferences and meetings after this so it stays on the radar and of course i can't talk to you guys about black ants or nuclear activism without looking at dr king here we are on the cusp of celebrating or commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of his death also the forty ninth anniversary of his beyond vietnam speech and riverside church to the day he and it's an economic philosophy of democratic socialism what he was standing side by side with sanitation workers and was looking at how bad the north was compared to the south criticizing foreign policy vietnam but also nuclear weapons with  triple evils and so we look at dr king and we look at when he gets involved in foreign policy we tend to look at that riverside church speech beyond vietnam as the moment but if you start looking at nuclear weapons specifically you'll see that dr king was actually speaking out against this issue ten years earlier as early as one nine hundred fifty seven that's when he made his first public comments about nuclear weapons and he continues this whether speaking  matter if we're worried about integrating lunch counters and they're not concerned about the world in which you're trying to integrate it's ludicrous and where was dr king learning this from his wife of course carette it was a long season activities dating back to her days at antioch college she had been involved in women strike for peace and women's international league of peace and freedom but carette like so many other black women that were involved in this movement were facing prejudice and internal racism within these organizations there was a meeting in detroit with women strike for peace where the black members wanted to have signs that said desegregation or disintegration in the way members said absolutely not racism part of this many times was correct  broker the deal and try to make the peace through all of this and you see this over and over with black women fighting inside these organizations something that we still have to deal with and don't want to talk about much today but not just her  hansberry is known for of course reason in the sun so much more than that she was a militant feminist socialist activist and she was against the bomb she famously went in sees a film  hiroshima and comes out of the movie theater saying no more hiroshima is not now not ever the last place she wrote before she died it was about the nuclear holocaust and what happens of the survivors so we want to put these people in these nice neat categor fighting for and i asked bob was this intentionally set of course it was we always looked at ourselves in international context which is why kathleen cleaver and eldridge were in japan and spoke in there and were asked to be there and so on and the one nine hundred seventy s when so many people were exhausted and it p t s d and went through hell throughout the vietnam war and civil rights movement black power movement this issue were made in the one nine hundred seventy s there was what was known as the continental walk for nuclear be largely symbolic people coming from all various parts of the country meeting in d c against nuclear weapons in a largely was except if you were black in the south because if you were coming up black in the south and there the police were protecting you and talked to president carter about not going forward and building the neutron bomb was andy young who wanted more pressure on south africa and to be involved in these in the us to be involved in these things and of course this is all really coming to a head in the  when ronald reagan comes into power i still every time i go to reagan national airport refuse i don't know anybody in d c that calls at reagan national airport to dca refuse to call reagan national airport and reagan comes into office and what is he doing immediately announces he's going to increase nuclear weapon spending military spending hundred eighty billion dollars at the same time we decrease the spending for social needs by one hundred forty billion dollars and so a new movement is created a movement looking at how money could be better spent in poor communities in the black community looking at human needs you see the frieze movement now coming into play so all of this is happening in the one nine hundred eighty s and you see it coming in so many different places and i'm so glad now that we have we're seeing a socially conscious athlete come forward again not just michael bennett but you know i taught in florida i taught in the same town the trayvon martin was murdered and i taught down there when he was tommy smith and john carlos of course but there's another group of athletes that were also activists and they were athletes united for peace in the one nine hundred eighty s and there were black and white athletes working with russian athletes trying to stop nuclear weapons african americans and so we care deeply about this issue but every time we reached out to the white community to these pacifist groups nobody bothered with us until the rotary phone in one flyer they started to group blacks against nukes really all leading to the june twelfth one thousand nine hundred two rally in central park one million people no cell phones no internet no text messages and you've got one million people in central park against nuclear weapons extraordinary action in the book i'm writing now it's all about examining that reality that march and how they did it and when you look at that talk about intersectionality there was real debate  daughtry amazing gentleman who still kickin todays in his ninety's in new york still fighting the fight he forms the black united front you know the third world peoples coalition yet all these now white voices coming to the table say no we are invested in scott king on the stage read a marley performing thousands of african americans pouring out of bed stuy and harlem all marching in new york against nuclear weapons you know the hardest part for me in writing this book and i have to talk a moment about president obama is clearly the hardest part for me because president obama was still in office when i was writing the book and as a story in the worst thing i can do was be to predict something be wrong and then it's out there but i knew i had to address it president obama was at the june twelfth rally as a young student as a reporter wrote about it a college student at columbia he wrote papers on nuclear disarmament the nuclear arms race so this was always on his radar he certainly spoke out against nuclear weapons as a candidate and then when he got into office a few months later he gave what's now known as the famous pr proud of our president was and he continued on this path that first he has this nuclear security summit to try to get loose nuclear weapons material safe in which case he got materials enough to make for nuclear weapons out of the ukraine just months before it fell into chaos he gets the new start treaty passed and signed the most important thing you did as president was without firing a shot at the iran nuclear deal done and while yes it was maybe symbolic i will never personally forget being up at three o'clock in the morning and skype being with your shima survivors as they were crying and i was crying as my president was in hiroshima visiting for the first time and hugging  that means he did everything i wanted of course not he signed on for the one point two trillion dollar modernization plan that i obviously opposed he should have taken nuclear weapons off hair trigger alert before he left i certainly would have liked to see him reduce nuclear weapons more by the time he left not go forward with some critical nuclear tests so no he didn't do everything i wanted but i don't put that on him i put that on us because i never said yes i can he said yes we can if we want to do something that we should have pushed him to do it more and he understood that he was asked back in two thousand a in a campaign debate with dr king be supporting you right now he said no doctor can you be in the street making me and forcing me to do what i said i was going to do he understood it so i put that a lot on us so now with what can we learn from all this you know some of that thought and as far as so many years in my life to eliminate racism and eliminate nuclear weapons and now to have a white supremacy in the white house and so control over nuclear weapons very easy for me to feel like i failed and i failed the younger generation but i also made a promise to the boxer that i've gotten to know so well over the years that i would never stop fighting for this issue and they're scared because their average age is over eighty they're dying and they're petrified that when they go nobody's going to pass on their story and try to stop this even more important now considering he has the sole authority to use nuclear weapons as many of you know it would only take thirty two warheads to decimate north korea ninety to take out iran hundred forty seven to completely destroy russia and there's literally nothing anybody can do to stop him we are really the only failsafe left and if you want to look at the juxtaposition if you want to look at how race intersects with nuclear weapons it can't be any clearer than today trump first of all his cabinet is a dream team of white supremacy from jeff sessions and used to have banded now he just puts in john bolton who want to get rid of the iran nuclear deal want to go to war with north korea rick perry korea south korea should have them he's talked about starting up nuclear testing again which we know what that does to people of color around the world and in our own country he has his economic plan has been called reaganomics on steroids he's promised a one point two trillion dollar modernization plan and today in this dystopian nightmare he stabbed in the balcony of the white house with the easter bunny bragging about giving seven hundred billion more dollars to the military for spending and so what do you have on one hand you have i can win a nobel peace prize you have over a hundred nations mostly nonwhite signing on to ban nuclear weapons in the united nations and the other side y with ninety percent of the world's nuclear weapons can't be any clearer when we look at how race is involved in this and so we can learn from mrs tree we can learn from what they did well in the freeze movement and in the so many rallies and so many protests in my day and i can tell you that i have never in my life been to one more well organized than the park when one in d c that i was just out with my students it was incredible not just of how well organized it was but how they were able to keep gun violence is the main issue and yet still intersects so many other issues throughout the whole thing it was flawless and i'm so impressed by them you know i kinda stated we need to create a trans national community on this issue but the thing with us and especially the young kids that i meet with today's we want instant gratification hard to explain to them that in this country it's a bore it's a slog it's a grind we don't have these revolutions where we storm the white house and the leader flees in exile and topple the government we don't that here and so we have to start getting to think about beyond the present moment i know the nuclear weapons are probably going to still be here it's all racism when i die but if it's a little bit less for my students for my young niece for my future children and that's all i can do that's all any of us can do great writer rebecca sill that says the true impact of activism may not be felt for a generation that alone is reason to fight rather than should render in despair does not want us to have hope is what we feel being down every single day we read the news because if we don't have will act he wants these young kids to feel powerless but hope is the biggest way to resist but hope is only the beginning hope is not a substitute for action it's the basis for it and so we need to find hope in who came before us and i want to research this book the thing that struck me so much was seeing so many individuals who were in their own abyss in their own misery trying to gain racial equality and yet wield their collective power for a world without nuclear weapons it was incredible often said that the moral ar is long but it bends towards justice i would add not unless we bend it so yes we need to fight every day documented brothers and sisters and students yes we need to fight for the community and so that women are treated equal in this country and of course so that black lives matter because dr king said what does it matter if we finally to see achieve social justice in this world if we're all dead from nuclear war and we start to look at this the way so many before us did and perhaps most complex wonder stood it best there will start to realize that the issue has never been about civil rights it was is and remains universal human right the number of we're going to do hitler in the number of atrocities no question about that the difference for me is it's not the same as any other bomb to me i look at two things that can eliminate us as a species right now nuclear war and climate change and so when you look at this to me you know again when i hear students or anybody say that there's a storm and they all look like a nuclear weapon went off no it didn't so knowing that how instantly what it can do and then over the long term what it can do and now you look at the economic pieces of it i mean there's just so many layers to it that is just completely different from and the other weapon and again this narrative that's just another weapon of war has never held up here that that's you know truman did not powerful it was nonsense truman is told  the first day he's in office he was told by by jimmy burns and by simpson that they're building a new weapon and that it's great enough to completely end civilization he's told that multiple times so he knows that this bomb can end the world and yet he puts this process in place anyway so that we're all now running around with this kind of fear so i do look at it as a completely separate thing from just conventional bombing so it psychology to say that i know would be if this is the third how much research definitive proof is there on this i would say that again think anything is to monolithic and to say that every single person's views on wars are developed as a child it does make me think though of how at least in the united states our culture cultivate this as young children right so you know if you look at the the world war two you know that nineteen in the cold war you had so much of that john wayne mentality right that victory culture that this was what it meant to be a man great that women were supposed to go to work and men were supposed to do this and you went and this was that this is what the vietnam generation this is the parents were right so you had those that were taught that to be a man you mentality over and over again and so i don't know how i b c i would think that would affect you growing up and your decision making whether you valan you know someone volunteered to go in or not you know it's i look at it differently my father was in the service and he absolutely hated it and i grew up in a household that did not have the gender stereotypes to when i came into working class union household my father i remember wash dishes when my mother he did laundry with my mother so it was never give me my beer and my woman you know there wasn't that kind of a household so therefore growing up i was not in favor of ever going in the military or serving i was anti war my whole life i married a feminist like i did he said because of your upbringing so i do think it plays a role how much i don't know but thank you  again it was they had to decide this is not easy fights of how did they decide how militant they were going to be or was going to be a single issue or any of these things and so to me this again really should be a partisan issue  but i don't know a way going in when i talk to religious groups i don't know how you quite are so pro life and then your nuclear weapons that to me just seems like an oxymoron right or you know going to cancer walks in marathons in explaining here's how nuclear weapons and radiation effects cancer victims are just thinking outside the box of all these different groups and how you can work together with these things you know again it's here being kind again in the middle of all this  with hanford you know hanford it strikes me when you have this knowledge it's memorial or a national park but you're only seeing one view of it it's very much like to know what gay controversy in one thousand nine hundred five there needs to be two sides we need to make sure that we are explaining what plutonium did in august aki and let people decide for themselves so i think we need to think about how we're going to reach out to all different if you could get people from boeing to come out against this which i know is easy because when i was speaking in syracuse new york i was doing the same kind of conversation people are saying we're we're agreeing with you but we were lucky martin and to us it's just a job we're not through the nuclear weapons but finding another job and i suspect you would get some of that with boeing employees i'm not sure how much they're locked in on the nuclear stuff but so you just got to think of how are you going to reach out to different folks i mean i think two is that in education we don't study peace enough in this country you know there's we love celebrating war in this country are really it's war peace not so much we have one peace museum in this country it's in dayton ohio it's a quarter the size of this room again you go to washington d c you see the names of fifty thousand men on that wall for vietnam nowhere and i mean nowhere in the united states that there are anything that talks about the three point eight million vietnamese that we killed and those names were put on the wall that wall would be nine miles long and that maybe people would think a little bit differently regardless of their political stance and how we look at war and i tell my kids all the time right now why are you out there trying to stop war in afghanistan these things it's a million miles away to grow up with and i say what if we have a war male right but it's all the people that i don't know it's my wife is puerto rican it's my niece who's black it students that i have of color it's all so many people i don't know that you have to think about sort of a lot of ways that we need to we need to branch out on that and i think you know especially on this issue there is a segment of the left that is incredibly frustrating and i'm as progressive left as they come but man there are some of these groups that are such a purity test that if you're not down with the joel stein coalition then forget you or if you're social media and you're young well then you're not really you didn't pass the test in those days are over like you can't you can't do that you've got to start thinking about how we're going to reach other other constituencies on this it's just too much at stake right now so sorry for the long answer but morning when i get out i mean we're dealing with such trauma and such a sort of such a rapid clip that everybody feels your punch in the gut so how do you you know tell them to have hope so it is difficult and then you have that you know the both of atomic scientists moving their clock you see how close we to nuclear war and it's just it's easy to just kind of hunker down divorce yourself from it but you can't and i don't know what's going to happen you know when we're long gone but what i do know is that you know when i teach my course on slavery david walker net turner and john brown and then merv easy the never think that there was going to be freedom and it didn't happen necessarily in their lifetime but it happened you know we see all these teachers striking today well the reason we got a week and the reason we got an eight hour workdays because people like emma goldman and people of the women they were dying a triangle shirtwaist and so many nameless faceless chinese immigrants build the railroad that we don't ever learn their names in the history books but they did it generations later but they did it you know even in contemporary times look at i can ten years younger kids under thirty work they got a nuclear a legally binding ban a nuclear weapons at the united nations that's incredible question yes and you're absolutely right first of all understand there's a difference between nuclear disarmament community and arms control community two different things on the arms control community they don't want to completely get rid of nuclear weapons they want arms control some of them are getting paid really good money and job in d c and so they don't want to see this go away and then there's the disarm a community but yes we have far too many groups that are run by white males there is an absolute patriarchy and race problem there's dysfunction i look at in many ways the disarmament community much like the climate change community was about a decade ago where they were a mess but what they figured out is they needed one thing to kind of rally behind and get behind it of course it was keystone keystone wasn't a be all end all of environmentalist and what they knew  tangible thing could win that fight would be something you could move forward and i think people working on that before he got elected they were saying ok what are we going to ask hillary for i c b m to eliminate that or whatever and this happened to get back to what you can do is first of all just show up and what i mean is you know there's this thing where you show up to a black flies matter rally or rally for dreamers or standing rock but it's like hey i'm here for nuclear disarmament i'm going tell you what we need to do it no just show up and it's going to take a long time to build that trust in those relationships don't be an ally be an accomplice be more than that and eventually going to say man here she is she's keep showing up she's still with us so that when you say now i need you i need you to catch my back now i'm doing a disarmament rally they're going to show up for you and you start explaining how these things you know in baltimore where near i live in d c this winter they didn't have heat in their classrooms in many of the schools they were actually asking parents to send space heaters for their kids well you can go to those parents and say ok we're going to spend one point two trillion dollars on nuclear weapons we've got enough to end civilization or by the way they're still here classrooms start making those connections i know economic conversion doesn't technically work that easy but you start getting them to buy in and understand how it directly affects them so there's a lot of ways that you can you know look at how you can just or what hippies that's pete seeger that's peace doesn't honor no so you've got to think it's a all right how do we get younger folks to really think about this in a different way and so there's a lot of that that we need to look at but step one is just showing up yes out and i just think there's so many wonderful things i think about my niece who my niece is african american and she loved science and i just think of what she thought of when she saw the sister i thought the sister was the best character in it i can't wait for that sister to meet tony stark and have so much more technology than than what tony stark has i loved that day that that the director actually used the women for the domi people i love that they had futuristic stuff in an colonized place but also still use traditional weapons but just made them futuristic it was so many things like that that he threw in there i love that they refer to the way i see the whole thing is the colonizer i love you know i love that people had to grapple with kill mongar and how they're like man i kind of agree with some would say but not really his methods would that mean i had students asking to kill mongar were supposed to be  called for you've had him over and over again like i'm so but yeah so i loved it and i think he's just a great director i mean if you look what he's done trouville station was absolutely phenomenal crede was great and now he has this one so he's on a roll as far as films go he's  at leaders in the buddhist community that i think there's there's leaders that are out there that certainly have taken up this man so but again like politicians we need to push them you know one thing i didn't mention is and i learned this today that your politicians your your u s senators are not backing the marquis lou bill they're not backing this that's that's ridiculous specially where you live this should be something that's front and center that we are going after the marquee lugo is to bill in congress to prevent trump from striking from using first strike nuclear weapons essentially would get to get congressional approval before he launches and i was shocked to find that out and could especially when you look at the history of politicians you know i didn't mention this but way before president obama i mean jesse jackson ran for president  leader in fighting reagan to stop the amex missile program he goes to utah me to spencer kimball the head of the mormon church to get him to come out publicly speaking of faith to say no we're not building it here so i think lou beyond you save meters is focusing on your politicians and just holding them to the firebird argued them and you know making them making it known that they need to get on board with this stuff can i write it on the board  know yeah i mean so that kind of the original march on washington idea was to protest and have a mass march to get more african americans and getting jobs in the warner stream so on and so forth and that leads later i mean the thing with randolph this but as sane and other groups start coming along he starts lending his name to this stuff you start saying ok we need to look back at that march and we can do now on nuclear weapons so he kind of is wishy washy goes back and forth on this throughout his career but you know get when we look at even the  sixty three march on washington and what his role in it is that people forget and i'm glad you mentioned it that there was this previous march that was really the catalyst for for what we now know is the march on washington  so not that i so there's a lot of stuff that didn't make it in the books when you publish for an academic press they want shorter books or about two hundred pages off this book and that includes some of the stuff that i did on the scientists the black scientists and mathematicians that were working back to your question what i found was when i started looking up black scientists in those that work on manhattan project is in the black community there was an effort to celebrate them but not the bomb right so what they were doing is they were coming out and saying so and so was this great mathematician so and so with discrete scientists as if to say look we're smart enough were smart as whites were worked we can show we can work side by side with whites but they were holding praise for then the personal people then they were the bombers to try again as a way to gain civil rights that was also african americans that were involved in they were being trusted to keep secrets with the atomic energy commission and again you would i would find articles where they were writing saying see the government is trust the african americans for this we should then get a quality so yes there is plenty that you can find in the black press in their names and who they were and that they're working on all of these places they absolutely were but again what i found stunning was kind of the giant headlines of black scientists worked on the bomb and then i would further read they were very careful to not praise the bomb but praise the actual scientists so yes it's in the washington redskins area so i mean you know we see that fight going on so obviously students faculty right i mean it is students especially the athletes are you know what not going to be any teams then if this is going to be you know understand your power  the power of consumers the power of boycotting there's huge power in doing that the problem is you've got to get everybody on board you gotta have a lasting power and this is something when i'm training students on activism you know we talk about montgomery you know montgomery was three hundred eighty four days the bus boycott  of cool thing to do and you need to stick with it and sort of get everybody to buy in and say look at we are not budging until this mascot is changed you would have to have that kind of a commitment and that's the difficult part the education part that you have to it takes so i would say don't underestimate and don't doubt the power that students have in terms of changing that but you have to get that commitment in and the first step would be educating i mean sure i'm sure a lot of students don't know why that is offensive and they need to understand weapons are and i'm on board let's boycott this so to try to get them to realize that the very people they look up to actually would be doing that and you could start there