i've been coming to seattle to talk since one thousand eight hundred nine i guess when i wrote the end of nature and i've come back again and again and always been so impressed but it's been a few years since i've been here maybe the last time was when we launched the global was turned into this big global divestment campaign and in seattle in the fall of two thousand and twelve i think soul whil e and you guys gave that such a start and since i've been here you all have done remarkable things i was so happy to see the of sort of it's like a good cultural moment to be a sort of aging greying vermonter you know and i was so moved to watch everybody hard at work on the trial of the delta five and i was so happy just last week when i got an email out of the blue from my friend joel in bellingham saying that s r s marina did given up the fight that all of you you know and the rumination head done what it took to stop the plans for that call portrait cherry point that's  summer you know i just got to watch in off the distance it's not all that often that people get to add new words to the dictionary so the lesson that i take from all that is that there's absolutely no need for me to be here at all you have it entirely covered but as long as i am here all say a few thinks and some of them will be i'm afraid as is my want slightly depressing life's work in large measure has been bombing people out and i and for that apologize but you know right now this winter this spring is a tough moment on our planet even in the last ten days two weeks the number of signals that we're getting from the natural world about how hard we've pushed things out of balance are sobering and scary and and and sometimes almost overwhelming we just ended the news from the arctic two days ago was that we had the lowest maximum extent of ice that we've ever had in the winter in the arctic there is less ice now at this date than there's ever been which makes sense because it was blazing hot across the far north all winter i don't mean it was just a little hotter than normal i mean that for weeks on end it was about eighteen degrees fahrenheit hotter than normal across the arctic that's almost unbelievable we got the news last week that around the world as the oceans heat up to place where they've never heated before or in the middle of the third great coral bleaching events in the last fifteen years and it looks like this is going to be the very worst of them there was a report two days ago from a biologist who done an aerial survey of the northern section of the great barrier reef the biggest reef in the world he said at least fifty percent of the corals were bleached and dying he said this is the saddest research trip i've ever undertaken sad for those reefs sad for the five hundred million people around the world who depend on corrie for their own life only good there was a series of papers in nature last week about the kind of reassessment of what's going on in the antarctic demonstrating that we've grievously underestimated how quickly and how much sea level is going to rise and in the course of this century and now we're talking not a foot or two but a couple of meters probably which is astonishing even to think about it puts at peril pretty much all the coastal cities of the world those physical changes are already translating into truly dire consequences for real people in real places most of them the poorest and most vulnerable people on this planet the ones who have done the least to cause this crisis when we talk about climate justice and i had the good fun of talking with that earlier with people from women of color speak out who were talking a lot about climate justice when we talk about it what we gotta remember is that climate change is i mean it is the most unjust thing we ever figured out how to do there's an almost perfect inverse relationship between how much of this trouble you caused and how much of the trouble you're feeling on this so the last couple of days  the tremendous rainfall and tremendous flooding going on right now watts of people out of their homes and this comes six weeks after cyclone winston with the highest  recorded in the southern hemisphere the kind of wind you could only have from an overheated ocean slammed in defeat g n one it slammed in and not only killed a lot of people it not only displaced and made homeless ten or fifteen percent of the population it also did such economic damage that in financial terms it was the equivalent of ten or fifteen katrina's simultaneously hitting the us ten percent of their g d p gone like that in a night  in pakistan today there's absolutely out of control flooding especially in the region around peshawar which has plenty of troubles already to begin with it's an echo of the mammoth flooding in twenty ten probably the greatest flooding since and noah that hit pakistan when the indus swelled to the point that it covered a quarter of the country twenty million people out of there home ok almost none of whom had done almost anything to cause the problem that they're in today as we speak right now in the philippines where a tremendous epic drought is underway in parts of the country farmers marching for food aid asking for rice were met by the police who shot them ten people are dead and there's hundreds holed up right now in a methodist church in the philippines surrounded by police and troops the hash tag that they're using in the philippines is bullets for rice that's what happens in an unjust world that then gets stressed by these kind of just unimaginable physical changes at the most basic level there was a big study published today that demonstrated that as c o two in the atmosphere rises the nutritional quality of our main grain crops steadily deteriorates so just think about a world where we're already having trouble growing food because it's either drought or flood in place after place where it's gotten very very hot and when we do grow food it's not as good as the food we used to grow and a magine that going forward imagine it getting worse truthfully i mean i'm a writer more than i'm an organizer so i'm compelled usually to tell the truth you know truthfully it scares the hell out of me it is happening faster than even the most dire predictions thought it was going to happen this winter is a scary time twenty fourteen was the warmest year we've ever recorded on this planet until twenty fifteen smashed that record and it didn't smash it by a little it smashed it by old what twenty fifteen was a full tenth of a degree centigrade hotter than any year we've ever measured think about a system the size of the earth then imagine how much energy it takes to raise the temperature of that system a tenth of a degree centigrade in twelve months twenty sixteen has smashed the records that were set in twenty fifteen so far february was by far the warmest month we've ever measured on this planet when we were in paris we talked again and again we won this great concession them from the world that they would try to limit the temperature increase to one point five degrees celsius well february was about one point five degrees celsius warmer than the historical record on this planet i just came to smarting from the yukon gorgeous wild country well tended for thousands of years by the first nations people who live there they broke every temperature record they've ever had in the last two weeks there's snow is gone from blue swaths of it already they're preparing as best they can for a season that's a likely to be lit up by forest fires again you guys know from watching the metal of the last couple of summers what that's like but on an even more remarkable sca so it is a tough time uniquely tough time we're living through history and through exactly the wrong kind of history we have fully emerged from the h from that ten thousand year period of benign climatic stability that coincided not coincidentally with the rise of civilizations and we are out of that now and we are out of control out of and then at the same time at exactly the same moment there's all kinds of reasons to think that we have the things we need to start getting out of this fix and some of them are technological you know ten fifteen years ago we were still talking about renewable energy with our fingers crossed because it wasn't quite ready for prime time but boy it is now the engineers have done remarkable work the price of a solar panels down eighty percent in the last ten years just to the nick of time to think about that work and think about the places and there are too few that actually really really put all that new promise into action and you can start to see what could happen the danes last year generated forty nine percent of their energy from the wind ok which either means that denmark has figured out some way to monopolize the world's wind supply or it means that they have the political will to and be no accident that bernie talks about denmark a lot you know what it's going  china where we're installing renewable energy at a pace that we've never seen any place around the world they're cool use the last two years has fallen off a cliff home begun to turn around in remarkable ways look even a dumb sort of funny indicators like the news dis week that people are lining up and i mean lining up to buy electric cars doesn't even have them to deliver yet and two hundred eighty thousand people have put money down to get one norway s last week that there'd be no internal combustion engine cars sold in their country past twenty twenty five and i'm with charm a full on push for mass transit is one of the most important things we could do in this world but all taken together those things demonstrated by it's quite possible to imagine in the not very distant future a pacific northwest is does not need the refinery and there are places that are demonstrating how you can do this in very poor places bangladesh is going to be fully salt arised we think by about twenty twenty one they're using that infrastructure scale credit to build out solar i mean these are countries that the fossil fuel era did nothing for for two hundred years you know but now i saw the very first solar panel in bangladesh twenty years ago and now they're putting up eighty ninety thousand arrays a month across that country it's beautiful it's beautiful to watch and to know that now there are places where people can read and study at night where where we're change is coming so i guess what i'm trying to say is we could do it i don't know that we could catch up with climate change but we could make one hell of a try at doing it anyhow we have what it takes it's a race and thanks to you we have a chance in that race the movement that you guys have built and that people like you have built in every corner of the world in the last ten years has be give us some kind of chance paris exemplified that ok copenhagen which was the great supposed to be the great moment six years before just the same everybody coming there all the world leaders coming there are much attention all hoopla and nothing happened literally nothing happened there was no agreement nothing ok and everybody won home and they paid no price barack obama and hillary clinton didn't get in trouble for their failure to do anything nor did any other world because there was no movement to hold them accountable but this time there was and there was no way that anybody could come home completely empty handed from that they would have been scor because of you and so people started at least rhetorically to do the right thing in fact the rhetoric was pretty damn good we were surprised that we were able led by low lying island nations in particular to convince the nations of the world to adopt this temperature target of one point five degrees celsius that was better than we've had before and better than we know for a number the slogan of the african nations in the mall deaves in the pacific near the slogan was one point five to stay alive ok so that was good so the rhetoric was good the trouble was course that the plan that everybody voluntarily pledged to that all the countries said here's what i'm going to do to us here's what i'm going to do canadians here chinese are going to do if you put it into the computer and add it all up the plan that people have agreed on is for a world that warms about three and a half degrees celsius ok i e a world that breaks completely a world where we cannot have civilizations anything like the ones we're used to having a terrifying world that the gap you know we've got people beginning to talk about some of the right things and now we need them to do the right things which means that our job now is to push harder than we've ever pushed before and to push hard less on our politicians though that's important more on the people who are really pulling the strings who are the richest companies that the world has ever seen the fight here now more than ever is the fight with the fossil fuel industry itself they are the people who have kept us from making progress for so long it took me forever to figure that out i wrote that book way back in late one nine hundred eighty s i've been thinking about climate change forever but i because i'm a writer i was fool enough to think that what we were engaged in was an argument ok and so one brings what one has i you know  time to learn them times i kicked myself to figure out that we were not engaged in an argument we'd won the argument we were engaged in a fight ok and fights are always about the same hierarchy than methodist sunday school teacher but it's my firm belief that the fossil fuel industry has more money than god you know and and and and so we had to figure out how we were gonna match to that and the answer the only answer the answer that you guys have supplied is with the other currency the currency of movements the passion the spirit the creativity the willingness sometimes to spend one's body and go off to jail that's so horrid it's taken mean i had no idea or there it would actually ever really work i mean i had some level we just thought we were doing it because we had to do it we had no choice what else could one do one we and eleven joined the first nations people and others who'd been working on these questions around tar sands for years and identified this keystone pipeline thing as a possibility ok we didn't really think we had a chance and nobody else did either in the summer of two thousand and eleven when we were starting the the national journal the insider paper in d c pulled all its three hundred washington energy experts and ninety three percent of them said that trans canada would have the permit for that thing by the end of two thousand and eleven ok it was a done deal but we figured we gotta fight it i mean people up in alberta were fighting it because that was their homeland and the rest of us needed to fight it because it was so much carbon up there and so people people in this room did the right thing people came to d c for that first round of civil disobedience and it turned into the big old biggest civil disobedience action in thirty years in this country about anything twelve hundred some people went to jail and then that was just enough to get it kind started and then people followed with their every possible i mean it was beautiful to watch year after year nobody led up more emails to the senate than about any thing in history more public comments to the state department in about which was good which was good because it kept you know eight hundred thousand barrels of oil and dirtiest on the world in the ground and good because it's helping people up in those first nations territories and farmers in nebraska and all that but mostly good because it demonstrated that the fossil fuel industry could be beat ok and as a result as a result man everything gets fought now there was the head of the american natural gas association their big industry group gave a talk last year to one of his industry conferences  cannot tell you how much it warm my heart when i read his remarks and he said to his colleagues we somehow have to figure out a way to stop the keystone i's ation of every project we're doing ok think we've probably beaten plans for the biggest coal mine in the world work now to cherry point now you're going to do the same thing in longview and in vancouver  we've actually heard from a lot of people within shell who say when they're not talking to reporters exactly what everyone knows it's not that they didn't find enough oil it's that they found way more trouble than the look at the movement around fracking all over the world now it's beautiful to see and it's a sign of the growing sophistication of this movement that we're able to kind of see through increasingly the kind of lie of the oil i mean their plan was to say well ok call indeed is too dirty for anything so now we're going to switch the exxon became the biggest fracking company on earth ok they started switching in that direction i wrote a piece two weeks ago that was on the cover of the nation that used the latest science and there's a bunch of new satellite data to demonstrate that the leaks of methane from those fracking wells around the country mean most likely that greenhouse gas emissions from the united states have either gone up or it best stayed steady during the last ten years because we've done so much fracking and that's why along with all the damage to local communities people are working so hard and so affectively think of the victory that your brothers and sisters across the state in new york won when they convinced the quite corporate democrat andrew cuomo that he did not want to mess with this stuff anymore the same thing in quebec the same thing in france the same thing and wales the same thing in scott the same thing place after place around the world that's one reason why it's really and the entire window of discussion or wave from the fossil fuel industry and towards what increasingly we understand to be our future it's amazing the kind of shift that you all have managed to accomplish ok when we started talking about divestment in seattle four years ago you'll remember that it was all about this sort of new fact on the ground that a team of financial analysts in the u k had uncovered when they added up all their war on coal and gas reserves of the big fossil fuel industry companies and discovered that there we had five times as much scarman as any scientists thought we could actually safely burn ok that was a clear indicator that they were road companies that we needed to keep that stuff underground but you know what nobody really knew it then i mean i wrote a big piece about it for rolling stone  you know that's rolling stone and it wasn't even on the cover justin bieber was on the cover you know and but then thanks to you thanks to all the you who work so hard around divest all over the world yeah we got a lot of places to divest i think the number now is three point four trillion dollars worth of endowments and portfolios which is a large enough number that i have no idea what it means but  but the more important part is that effort in all the places that it won and all the places it hasn't won yet drove those numbers about carbon home and now it's not you know me in rolling stone no it's the head of the f the head of the world bank it was the head of the bank of england talking to the world's insurance industry in the headquarters of lloyd's of london a couple of months ago in exactly the same language using the same math saying you guys are heavily overexposed to what are going to be stranded assets from a carbon bubble that's why nobody can find investors anymore when they want to build cold por you all have done a hell of a job and what that job has earned us is the chance to keep on fighting ok we haven't lost yet all right we stop i said someone asked me after paris some reporter from the times or says what is to what's the meaning of this he said well paris didn't save the planet but it may have saved the chance of saving the planet ok that's really not paris that's not like the diplomats there that's not me paris was the scoreboard all right the game was what you guys all did leading up to paris all right putting the pressure on that allowed that's what movements are about and so now we have the chance to keep fighting which is all we can ask for we're not going to win this battle in our lifetimes if we do it right we will preserve the option for the next generation of fighters to keep on fighting right  we can we can lose it if we don't do what we need to do but we our hope is that we can and so that means that all the new fronts in this fight we need to engage just  more intensely than we've done around keystone or shell or anything else we need to be fighting like hell to make sure that this new trade deal the t p p thing doesn't happen ok one more license i mean if you had any doubts about that all you had to do was look at what happened after we won on keystone and trans canada corporation immediately used the last of these stupid things nafta to say we demand that they're there you know all our work millions of people cross and states the best exercise of democracy in the environmental movement in a very long time could be overturned by like three bureaucrats in some faceless anonymous room and some nafta adjudication hearing we got to stop we got to take on exxon in a real big way because we've got an opening to take them on there was unbelievably good reporting from the columbia journalism school from inside climate news from the l a times last fall it uncovered what i think most of us probably suspected at some point but there's a big difference between suspected and demonstrated ok what is demonstrated was the most remarkable corporate scandal in history ok exxon it turns out knew everything there was to know about climate change back to early as the  seventy s in one nine hundred seventy seven their senior scientists were telling their senior executives what was going on and how much it was going to warm and their senior executives were paying attention by the one nine hundred eighty days early hundred ninety s they were doing things like using that information to plot out their plan for doing more drilling in the melting arctic they knew it was going to melt they were climate proofing their installations making sure that their drilling rigs were built high enough to accommodate the sea level rise that they knew was coming but they did not tell any of us any of that just the opposite they spent huge sums of money helping set up the network of deceit and banal and dis information that kept us from acting for a quarter century what may turn out to been the most critical quarter century in in our careers a species home home home it's if you think about it just well the mind boggles all they had to do i mean when jim hansen went to congress and testified in one thousand nine hundred eight about global warming and warn people about it if exxon scientists had merely said the next day you know what this is what our science finds to that would have been no one would have said all three exxon is a bunch of climate alarmists you know they would have said ok we've got a problem we've got to get to work but they didn't do that instead their c e o went to china and said the planet is cooling and it any rate it make no difference whether we act now or twenty five years from now china you should go ahead and develop as much fossil when those first stories came out last fall i was a little worried that they were going to kind of disappear into the maelstrom of information that marks our world you know in that you know twenty four hours later somebody you know donald trump would have said something rude or something and everybody would have been fixed it would just would've gone but i was very worried i knew this was you know too good reporting to waste and so the only thing i could think of to do was go up to the exxon station in burlington in our big city and from a city of fifty thousand people and and i just i wasn't very dramatic you know very well planned i just had a little sign and i sat down in front of the pump and it said this pump is temporarily closed because exxon lied you know and and and and i gave the guy who run the store one hundred bucks because it's not his fault you know and didn't want to and after a little police come take me where whatever it is it did the thing that i wanted at least a little bit i got a call from a friend facebook later on and you know for like an hour you were like one of the top trending things on facebook until you were replaced by a video of a corgi barking at a miniature pumpkin but  n helped you was one of the many things that people did all over the place to try and put it and you know now soon after that the attorney general of new york announced that he was to investigate exxon and then the attorney general of california and the attorney general of massachusetts sin of the virgin islands and there is no reason on earth why the attorney general of the state of washington should not be and if you make sure and leave your name tonight then emily people be able to be in touch to let people know how to put some pressure there to make it happen ok the other thing we've got to push on right now this spring is the one that everybody that charm on the plant for the planet people talked about that's this break free thing the culmination of for the moment anyway of this work to keep it in the ground to make sure that we leave stuff where it belongs when you're up there at anacortes know that you will have company in every corner of the world ok they'll be people in the indonesia in australia and in the philippines in the in india and everywhere on these huge deposits of carbon making the same kind of stand and in some places doing it words you've been in riskier to be doing this ok so just no no no all the time all the time that you have brothers and sisters all over the place most of them in places that didn't cause this problem most of them poor and black and brown an asian and young because that's what most of the world is composed of most of well all of them fighting with the same things in their hearts i was going to show some pictures tonight and i are from afraid i'm so bad at technology that i mean i could flip through we've done like forty thousand demonstrations around the world so i could show pictures for a long time for a very long time from every corner of the world and i won't i just all flash i want to get great towards the end there's a few that i really want to show  you because because they're my gift to you for all your work is your all your k activist work these are all the places that are feeling the effects of climate change now where people are having to leave their homes atop red balloon was where the level of the dead sea was forty years ago ok these are people in that district in pakistan  pushed out of their homes by the greatest flood of all time everywhere all over the world ok and beautiful pictures from every area are from every these are from the colleagues terrific leaders on the pacific island nations they've been there and those nations those cultures for four five six thousand years ok these are deep rooted cultures places like votto o marshals service fiji or so on but ten of these island nations that are going to beat i mean good news from the antarctic last week if we don't stop things very very soon there is no chance that these islands will be above water by the end of the century ok good people facing an existential crisis but their slogan has been we are not  are fighting which is a good slogan to have and so what they did was they built on one you treat each island each of these ten islands they filled a tree and they built a kind of indigenous canoe with different styles from different islands there's an outrigger and they're beautiful and they took that same day that a lot of us renew york marching down sixth avenue the same day that the rockefeller family announced that they were stay vesting the fossil fuel shares ok the other thing that was going on that day was that these guys were in the biggest coal port in the world which is in newcastle in australia and they were using those can s to blockade the biggest or ships on the planet and for a day they kept them in the harbor be better off if we did but we don't know ok and so we i think in many ways we're better off without this huge sprawling protean resistance that is in the face everywhere of this industry and yet knows how to unite when there are moments when we need to unite it's something we haven't quite seen before it's building ever stronger coalitions with labor with racial justice i mean these in ok and so i tell you what i think which is actually don't know if we're going to win this fight i don't know i don't know if we got started in time the physics of this is daunting ok daunting we are behind it is scary but i do know absolutely absolutely no that we're going to fight an air of recorder of the world now tonight in every night there are people in rooms like this one coming together to figure out what to do and how to fight and it is always such an honor to get to be in those rooms and it is such an honor to be in this one with you guys who are great heroes and just to get to say i look forward to being shoulder to shoulder with you going forward thank you all so much my name is afghan i am from the women of color speak our group my question is about carbon markets and carbon taxes we have seen how indigenous people are pushed off their lands like in the amazon by the nature conservancy so that corporations can continue to pollute or it's people get off set their second car do you support carbon markets also carbon washington is a revenue neutral carbon tax that hurts the poorest of people do you support revenue neutral taxes i don't i'm gather from what little i know about it that there's lots of debate in washington between different groups about different kinds of carbon prices and things i got to say i think that probably this is one of these things that you better get everybody on the same page on before you push it that one of the things that's been most important in this  movement in general has been trying to keep some kind of powerful unity together and so if you're going to do it do it in a way that everybody can deal with and work on do i think that fossil fuel industry should pay a price for the damage that carbon does in the atmosphere i do i think it's crazy that we let them be the only industry on earth that gets to throw out their waste for free i think that's the greatest perk benefit privilege we ever gave the fossil fuel industry and i love it  and but it needs to end in a way that really works for people so that would be my sense of things hello so first off i just want to remind people that climate change is a racism problem because if you can bet if the global north was affected like the global south it would have done something about it but because it's only black and brown people dying at the millions and because their lives don't matter time changes and addressed i also have to remind you that it is not peoples of color job to teach white people about racism and it's not people who colors job to get along with you all white people created racism so you guys are responsible to dismantle this mess and that no it was a white colonizing countries of a global north that came into the global south stole their oil resources colonized their countries and sensually reparations are owed from the global north to the global south on top of this the global north owes it to open up their borders to the climate refugees and wondering if you support the reparations and  opening of the borders i think that the one of the most important things that should have happened at paris and only happened in small measure so far was just what you talk about we need real transfer of resources north to south for two reasons one is justice and the other is pragmatism we need the countries of the global south to be able to leapfrog  fossil fuel age and go straight to the renewable age and it's possible for that to happen now but it's going to take resources to make it happen and so far those resources haven't been made available it's not possible for us to simply say well we've filled the atmosphere with carbon now you guys figure out something else to do and one of the things that should be said is that increasingly there's real leadership coming from nations in the south especially around renewable energy i talked about some of what you're seeing in china one of the real maybe the at this point even more important test case is going to be what happens in india in the next little while and i think that there are some very good science and some very tough science you know the prime minister of modi campaigned on the corporate jet of the adani corporation the biggest coal company in india there's fossil fuel politics there just like there is every place else on the other hand the air quality has gotten so bad in cities in india i was just in delhi half the children in delhi two and a half out of the five million children in delhi now have irreversible lung damage because of what they're breathing ok think about that for a little while when you think about climate justice when you know what this means that's the other reason that we should be working extrude hard to make sure that they have the resources necessary to make that leap it's a sunny country the solar panels are cheap with the right help they can really make that leap frog but so far it's not coming you know the us committed to a very small sum of money five hundred million dollars a year in public money to go do this which in the context of what we need to do i mean five hundred million dollars is like the kind of money that you give the potato chip council you know to subsidize marketing programs and stuff it's not what you do to get whole sections of the world onto renewal energy and even that five hundred million has been of course held up in congress  by people who are unwilling to see it appropriated so there is huge work to be done here and it's one of the really important parts of that work and thank you for reminding us about it safe or heard in the mainstream environmental movement and how do you think or what do you think the movement needs to do to make that change that i think that the movement needs to reflect everybody and that's how we've tried to i mean that's how it's increasingly organized all over the world which is a really good thing and it's one of the things that we've lon thought in the united states was that we had all the answers to everything and everybody else around the world should emulate us and we'd figure it all out and the rest of the world wanted to do it well it just turns out that that's not true really and across a huge variety of questions including ones about diversity an inclusive eighty there's all sorts of parts of the world that if figured out how to do things in really powerful ways i think that many of the models of kind of the environmental movement that we've had for a long time are shifting and need to shift we don't need in we were time at this earlier the old model was we had it was sort of like our power system ok we had a few big centralized environmental groups and they sort of they were good in their noble people and hardworking people and whatever but they you know that's right that was sort of where the power in the energy and whatever was in the same way that we want a grid with ten million solar panels and ten million rubes all interconnected everybody producing and consuming that's the kind of political action we want to everybody being able to play a real and serious role that's why we set up three fifty the way we did and you saw as they flashed by sort of just a tiny sampling of the kind of ways that people have  aged all over the planet part of that i mean that meant at three fifty that it was sort of the kind of opposite of how things are usually organized like we had no intellectual property  you know when i mean like like there's three fifty seattle ok but it isn't actually like a part of three there's like some official thing you know in that sense or it's like control it's just rose up  the same thing in kuala lumpur in the same thing in katmandu in the same thing in a million other places air everybody just taking responsibility and so look at those things that are happening in other places and figure out how to emulate them with the same kind of a verse city same kind of spread out innes that gives everyone a chance that would be my is good as i've got but as i say i mean at some level what the hell do i know you know i'm a writer i've we've been completely making it up as we go along at three fifty and one of the good things about the world we live in is that there's lots of room to kind of make it up as we go along you know so go for it and thank you for your work was saying before the importance of keystone is not that we stop keystone the importance of keystone is it means we can stop every other one and trust me i tried the other day i was writing a piece i was trying to list all just the pipeline fight never mind the co just the pipelines that we're now fighting around north america and there were a good two or three dozen where people have gone to jail where people have died i mean people have done amazing work and it's really powerful to see it happening thank you for your work on that i was down in vancouver for the sort of first big rally my job is always to just sort of help show up and kick things off i got to be in bellingham really for almost the first to rally about cherry point down and i have no doubt that people are going to win these fights none at all there are places in the world where i don't know for no doubt that you guys are completely up to the task it's going to take a lot of work it always does but absolutely you guys are going to win if you fight pierce thank you so much for doing