east looking at the size of the hole in the pentagon the hole too small error is widespread many pentagon commentators ignore the hundred foot opening in the first floor the erroneously state of the hole is too small they make the claim but they don't review the damage in detail the exit hole is sometimes claimed to be the entrance hole and this popular youtube video that we saw earlier has nearly five million views with this claim that the  entrance the sixteen foot hole in a statement continues misinforming up to the state in the two thousand and seventeen and anniversary of nine eleven global research published this article which included which is zones article and it says nor any hole in the facade into which the plane could have been swallowed up this is this is primarily what they were talking about the pentagon and they communicating the wrong story on the anniversary of nine eleven conscious life news another publication where the only article they had was about the pentagon and they repeat the major general albert subway lines quote you can't fit a boeing seven fifty seven into a hole that's only sixteen feet wide present purposes chapters illustrate the evidence supporting that the pentagon exterior wall had no reinforced concrete wall sections had limited structural resistance event and the continuous opening exists in the first floor of the pentagon facade that's approximately one hundred feet wide and extends from column eight to column e eighteen and that's actually we're going to talking about that wall has crumbled and will be able to see the blast resistant windows and other construction materials what's visible in the post collapse wall all the components of the wall are clearly visible in the post collapse photograph you've got limestone exterior she then you've got bricks support columns seal window frame supports and blast resistant windows blast the first row to see it's more than we've got the limestone facing pieces we've got the bricks that are under the limestone between the window frames and the columns we have the steel window the steel frames support the windows they're not particularly significant building structure pieces there's structural steel running through all five floors that strengthens the wall around the blast  windows and is a geotechnical mesh of the kevlar is stretched between the steel tubes to prevent debris from becoming shrapnel in the event of an external explosion so he highlighted here are the blast  a large things and the steel window frames taken out of the fingers the little plates that attach from the steel support beams to hold the window in place we'll see some of those later the wall was created with blast resistant windows they were not blast resistant walls so to speak under the rotation plan the outer wall was reinforced with structural steel tubing to increase the lateral stability provide support to the new blast resistant windows and we download further new windows for the earring wear the same size as your predecessor but with glass one and a half inches thick and weighing more than a ton of piece they were welded into a special tubular steel steel frame works which will be talking about later there are a number of videos that show the impact that wall crumbling some people have speculated that there were explosives that actually brought it down but what says is i heard a crunch and i looked back to my left and the pentagon actually the floors were collapsing right across from where i was standing many claim to be opening was only eight hundred feet some say ten we've heard we've heard those numbers before this is a one of these amps and one of the photographs that's used to support the eight hundred foot opening or thereabouts sixteen foot opening a second floor to be the largest opening in the wall by doing that they've ignored the entire first floor in which there's one hundred feet of damage it's this case here it's a secured by fire fighting in some of the more popular pictures a wave depicting hole and the pentagon some people say is only a ten foot opening because there is a column fourteen eight that is still intact on the second floor so there's a lot of description sees about even how big this upper hole actually is but again it's pales in comparison to the damage on floor this is the analysis that an older analysis that's been done and shows that there's ninety six feet in which the there's an opening on the first floor it shows where the sixteen foot or eighteen foot opening is on the second floor it shows the hanging columns and it shows that there are in fact are no columns for those ninety six feet because of the presence of a lot of smoke there aren't very many clear photos of even specific areas so in order to get a comprehensive view of the image of what actually happened we have to come combine several photographs together composite photos have been made of the pentagon wall by several people the accusations by some is that they are photo shop a composite photo by definition is a merger of multiple images photo shopped may be an accurate term but it may be neutral about the quality of the resulting in for me the question is whether the composite actually reflects the original information or mr misrepresents the information in the original key assertions behind the composite photos of the pentagon wall or a large opening exists in the first floor the opening is up to one hundred feet wide the large opening is continuous so here's a how you create a composite and you take existing photos you cut trim just for perspective and then overlay them the top image shows the best view of the north end  example it has to be adjusted potentially if you want to use it in this type of composite photo the north end of the opening had hour has no clear front on photos before collapse the so much smoke it's really hard to see this side view distorts the location the work column nine a the one that looks to the right make it appear as if it was column ten a but in fact it's far behind it will see actually the original photo where this came from composite number two the north end has no clear pre collapse  the best evidence supports an opening of a bottom hundred feet again if you look at the openings going as highlighted from column eight the column eighteen there's the facade is missing across this to the hanging column fifteen the remnants something hanging down column sixteen is significantly present column but it's severed with a stop in front of it and then we have column seventeen that's hanging down in column eighteen is where it is the damage apparently ends here's another example of the opening and you can see now where the picture came from that was used in the photo shopped composite image you can see the col nine a is in the background but when you put it into it and that's because of the angle that it's being photographed at when you try to lay it flat it looks like it's all in the wrong place and took me a long time to actually figure out what these things work but this is what now the south end of the first floral and south end of the opening terminates a column eighteen columns fifteen sixteen seventeen have remnants hanging clothes and have been made by people that the columns are intact at the bottom the columns rising from the floor angled outward this is mean that they're angled in correctly for a moment to moment from the outside if they're if the in fact they were to take to the floor and leaning outwards in fact most of you so that they are hanging so the assertion that they were was planted on the floor and leaning out is not supported so what we have here is another photograph we have the material burning that appears to be  inside underneath the hanging columns so it can't be rising up from the floor if it's if it's there plus you've got the tree stump that is in front that confuses people confuse many people about what you're actually looking at they think it's continuous but we'll see if this from different here's one of the iconic jason and are still photos that we've seen kind of before and what you see is the damage you can see the hanging at an angle columns pieces of columns or something not even sure just what they all are  hanging from location to column fifteen sixteen and seventeen and eighteen as we shown here what kind of zoom in those column a thing called column seventeen is the hanging column sixteen is quite large it's a little unclear just just why it's so much bigger column fifteen is like column seventeen quite small is my contention that column sixteen was actually protected by the by the tree as the tree was severed to that absorbs a lot of the energy and  the things that are hanging down if we zoom in on them again we can see the fire on the inside and we can see these these pieces now that we've moved significantly to the right hand side or left hand side of the  field of view the columns still appear to be connected to the second floor slab and hanging down looking at the north end of the first thing this is a will morris photograph  we're going that we're going to be taking a look we're going to see that the columns are twenty eight and thirteen are missing here we see that the exterior facade between columns eight and thirteen is completely absent what we see here is that you can see columbine can see that there's these columns or are missing in this area i want to take a look at the area directly under the windows between columns eleven and twelve and twelve and thirteen you can see that there is no floor slab or beam  going across the front i think is actually impacted on a lot more damage as we'll see later the wing would have been entirely under the second floor slab there so the only thing that could have been sticking up above to actually do damage at that height would have been the tail section and that would be because the plane and on some rotation as it was approaching the last hundred feet of the wall or so later taking a closer look at the north and opening this is taken approximately perpendicular and you can barely see column nine a and you can also see some of the tree branches that were present here's a much better view of column nine a column nine in the back and the steel two which is the four by four window support frame and you can see it's got the it's got the plates on it and they were actually rotated about ninety degrees from where they had originally been column nine a has no remaining columns to it's right there all they're all gone and you can see col ninety eight is kind of bowed again connect the top connected to the bottom but boat in the middle and the seal to the right in this particular picture you can see the stubs from where they cut off the fingers during the cleanup now we take a look at the hanging remnants of  the hanging remnants of the columns sixteen and swallows fifteen and seventeen are hanging from the second floor this is what the photo that's been out for a long time with identification colors as i mentioned before some people argue that the columns were in fact rising from the ground slab angled up but if you were to try to draw the lines of where they were where they w originally they would have originated right underneath the windows the middle of the windows and that's not an appropriate place for the columns columns would line up one on top of the other as shown in column eighteen that's where they would have been so they would not begin on the ground floor halfway midway through a window and then change once they moved over to the to the windows to a different  again we have a picture from the right showing columns sixteen hanging you can see the spool as we move to the next photo you'll see the spool change in perspective but the column sixteen will still remain attached to the ceiling of the second floor so now you can see that we moved probably about twenty or thirty degrees to  the left and we can still see it hanging if we go to the left hand side looking at some videos that were were actually were able to capture this you can still see that from the opposite side you can see that there's still attached to the second floor and that the bent inwards not b another viewpoint of the same column sixteen again hanging from the second floor slab not coming up from the floor slab ground here's another view of it hanging from the second floor and every to be clear that they're hanging there not joining up from the ground slab because you can see them from a range of about one hundred twenty degrees difference and they all are attached to the second floor sla hard to keep everything all the orientation right because things have changed things change over the course of the for the collapse and the post collapse image you can see the tree stump and you can see the wire spool had gotten gotten knocked over another photo of the splinter oh well look we'll take a look at the the whole the whole of second floor the opening in the second floor appears like a sheep of the wall fell and because the way that was constructed it's not unreasonable to have the two window frames in this place that exhibited the or experience a greatest impact to have had some greater damage and just potentially the two window f one of the things that can possibly explain how this area centered on column fourteen between thirteen column thirteen and column fifteen how it would have fallen away as a single entity the force of the tree that had been in front of column sixteen slamming into the being separate slamming of the wall has a potential to create a lot of additional local damage that appears to be what we're actually looking at when we see this opening on the second floor chapter for the earring exterior wall figuring exterior wall is frequently a point of confusion the wall present and nine eleven is fruit frequently referred to as massive and blast resistant little detail analysis of the walls available and nine eleven truth circles many who speak about the pentagon repeat the assertions of steel reinforced concrete there is also no interior during all it's all continuous from the exterior earing wall to the interior searing wall those are the only two walls in the present between where the plane came in and where and where parts of it left to review the construction prior to nine eleven and it shows a modest wall mass potentially seventy five tons for a hundred foot span as compared to an impacting hundred ton aircraft the connections of the walls of the upper lower slab is relatively weak the through bolt connections are done with three quarter inch bolts about twelve bolts per section between columns the ground for slab has four by four steel tubes that are instant into the into the ground  many people think that i have repeated as i used to do that the pentagon walls were made of concrete bricks and limestone and that they were massive and that is in fact not how these walls were built and will will go through that in some detail here after nine eleven the next generation of replacement walls appear to be much more massive than what you saw here here's kind of a sketch of what they look like when it's one's outer wall was reconstructed with these blast resistant windows withstand a terrorist attack specifically from bomb blast and high force lateral impacts like the khobar tower bombing in saudi arabia in one thousand nine hundred and which most people were killed by flying glass and so they wanted to protect the cause the occupants from flying glass which is how how they is no reinforced concrete wall backing the idea of supporting the brick infill walls with the reinforced concrete while backing was rejected as a typical approach because of the pentagon's excessive fenestration although this design was accepted for blank wall panels with no window openings the selected approach was to use vertical tubes giving new blast protection and then giving blast protection to on the third and fourth floors they well the tubes to long narrow plates running along the floor in the ceiling these plates connected to their counterparts on the floors above and below with through bo on the first floor because the first floor is a slab on a grade in the tubes to the floor by through bolting without work and since the bolts cannot take the calculated ten file shear forces a different approach was required court drilled hole into the slab on grade was that used to accommodate the steel to bottom so the tubes with their horizontally against the floor through the and these are blast resistant windows the outer wall was reinforced with structural steel tubing to increase the lateral stability provide support to the new blast resistant windows get some construction photos from before eleven this is on the second or higher floor what you can see because you've got the bolts going through down to the bottom so what you see here is the there's about a dozen bolts between each of the window frames and you can see th and of course he's from a slightly different perspective we see the blast resistant windows four by four tubes in the fingers in we've got the kevlar three bolts so there's a lot of details in some of the construction photos not a lot of them but there's enough to see what was done to make the walls blast resistant how the were constructed post nine eleven event photographs show that the same thing this is again a second floor window the you can see that the glass was melt has kind of melted  here the steel frame is there highlighted you can see the fingers that are still holding the window frame in place and you can see that the kevlar as the material has it had been destroyed in front of it here's another one that where we have fiberglass insulation in front of the kevlar and you can see the brick in fill to the side of the this side of the steel tubes here you can see in the post event photos you can see the steel frame and this tubes are visible  n to the left a column eight a which is to the left you can see the window is in place and the fingers that are holding it up that are connected the four by four and you can see to the right of column nine a you can see that the fingers are bent they are although the window as actually been rotated slightly as go take a look at the window to the left of column three you can see the fingers holding the blast resistant window up also so you discount just one of the sh just another photo of the window at column three again speaks volumes to the dynamics that were going on at this location because the wing did not go through but did significant damage to both column in the east in this and th concrete slab so let's take a look at the collapsed wall again so what's visible of what we just saw in the post collapse so while photos all the components of the wall are clearly visible in this post collapse these is post collapse photos limestone exterior sheathing the bricks supporting columns steel in a frame supports blast resistant windows and we've seen this picture before we got the limestone facing the brick underneath three of those foreign steel tubes and we have the blast resistant windows that you can now see in the collapse again we have the blast resistant windows the steel frame tubes we have the limestone corn pointing out that the steel frames were not continuous between the floors and what used what you see here is the kind of the top yellow arrow pointing to the lower part of a window there's a gap in the steel in that area and that's where there would have been through bolts with the piece of the slab in between them we're going to going to kind of zoom in to a different area and you can see the through bolts connecting the different pieces and there's been any other areas in the wall that you can look at and see these  here's another here is another example of the of the chapter five the tree of columns sixteen the tree a column sixteen is a large identifiable object and the movement of a large identifiable object is subject to the laws of physics what you'll see is that the trunk is severed shatter tree stump remains tree branches all will be seen at the north end of the impact area photographs taken after the event document the presence of the lower tree trunk in the lower tree trunk was kicked about one hundred feet northward displacement of the tree above a stump can only be explained by a large plane impact it indicates a large momentum force from the south that movement can't be explained by any of the other theories can't be explained by a cruise missile into the building it can't be explained by a exploding drone or other plane can't be explained by preplanned of explosives either inside or outside can't be explained by drop bombs and it's unexplainable by the north the citgo flight path because it's the wrong you know to knock the lower tree hundred feet northward shortly before nine eleven you can see the tree in front of column sixteen is just a left of it from a satellite photograph of friday of some types of timber seventh you can see that the tree of columns sixteen was present the stuff was ultimately shattered it wasn't cut with a chain saw the sun was indicating that it was actually severed by some large momentum a vent in the images to the right you can see the column twenty six that's been highlighted you can see where the tree a column sixteen is and we can see that the trees in front of the fire house are both highlighted there this is a photograph of the west wall before nine eleven and you can see the tree in front of columns sixteen very clearly after the nine eleven event the tree vanishes without a comment interviewing years of discussion about the pentagon only once was the stump of the tree it counts sixteen mention that i ever ran across with no follow up discussion about where the tree went michael wilson's video has a tree fading into oblivion player the plane approaches the tree of columns sixteen the plane begins to knock the tree forward the tree fades away in the video and from any discussion another example of part of the column it's sticking up out of the ground and it shattered and we've seen it in the post collapse wall we've seen it from different angles it's definitely the t here is the post collapse wall you can see it in kind of moving colors so to speak in how it was shattered from a different angle than we've seen before so improbable sequence for the train impacted movement as follows the plane would have come from the southwest leaving main wing spar between the engine and fuselage is the most likely impacting mass in the tree trunk whacked was whacked and moved further north traveling through the fuselage of course that way to get the tree moving this way without impacting the plane and possibly distributing  tree trunk oppose the tree northward without a force so the top of the tree is a northward impact to the lower track trunk would drag the entire tree northward with the top trailing stump tree trunk limbs in the air between columns five and eight the top tree branches are seen as far south as columns ten or eleven in the burning photo which will  here the three branches seen at the north end of the impact area have been overlooked by nine eleven pentagon and analysts i remember seeing them and say what are these where they come from i have no idea it took me for a long time until i had seen the stump and was able to begin asking the questions could this be in fact a tree the present had been unexplained previously where they come from how did they get there some hypothesized that is for meaning of the columns of the outer columns of the west wedge are actually bowed out so there are going to be rebar this boat outward from its internal explosions but in fact their tree here's another view of the tree branches again you can see county to the right you can see the tree branches in the foreground and then you can see the tree branches along the base of the building and you can see that they're kind of columns five and six you can see some of the branches and you see the truck as the areas being cleaned up you can see this image here of the truck that has been lent on the afternoon of nine one of the other reasons that you can you can see that there was a tree is there's all the street tree debris on the pentagon here a tree branches among the debris and again lawn is littered with the street debris in this consistent with a tree a column sixteen being lacked and severely damaged and then the branches flying out in this direction although the contention is that they could not this is to the right of the hill heliport landing pad but you can see a larger branch with the leaves still branches littered that the thing that was hanging down just below here actually to the right of this was the branch from the tree that was here but this particular branch is still hanging in we saw that and it's really far too short and it's actually in the wrong place for this to have been the thing that ultimately was photographed laying down under a large object so the next step that we're going to deal with is the or the searing exit hole the hole the ceiling of what's to resulted from the plane in fact the debris outside the searing exit  hole contain some aircraft parts tend to go off as material and as a number of people have pointed out body parts much conjecture is circulated regarding what caused the opening  claims are that there's a perfectly round hole it was created by shaped charges claim that there is no path for material travel between the e ring entrance and the searing exit however detailed review shows that there are several clear paths that exists through the columns the sea ring wall and went to was only two bricks thick and no significant bracing of the wall is apparent somehow lighted the impact area and if you go to the bottom right hand side you can see the searing exit hole is between columns five zero and seven zero in winds two and from this point of view you can also see that in the area where the ceiling is a hole there are five windows five rows of four rows of windows and it is in the wall below that so there's this five floors there and if you look at the other areas floors high as opposed to the five floor high in the rest of the pentagon in these ring things the i guess the report depicts columns larger then they actually are and they were done so that they that the color coding that they used to identify the status was was appropriate because they were selling to be the shell as much larger there are there was clear path from the impact point to the exit hole but if you corrected it for size then they would be appropriately they would be appropriate pads and will be going through the the estimated width of the path shown with the impaired columns is that there are three paths one two point five c another one that's two point three feet and the o that's one point one feet that goes through the columns at a fifty degree angle and this is consistent and then the debris is continuing out and about the same angle as the internal  past we'll be looking at some inside photos it's going to give some verification of what we're looking at here so we have the angle of the photograph that we're going to take a look at going standing between shooting between in seems to be really in bad shape compared to three and three m and then you can see the edge of hole there's some activity going on out there again just kind of close above that here's another view of this hole from the interior different at different times so let's go look at the ballot ation of the but one one inside the pentagon photograph can be used for validation of the estimates used here take between columns three m and three and looking towards the ceiling exit hole at approximately the angle of the plane debris path the object established a relatively some relative size would certainly have a wheelbarrow that's about twenty inches wide column three and is twenty one inches so a photo is taken at this same angle between these columns we estimate that that it's about the width of the the path there is about six feet from what you'd be able to see in your view and what we see here is that there will be errors about twenty inches  of the field that you're able to see here is about six point three feet and that seems to be pretty reasonable so the graphical analysis seems to hold up the  photos as seen in the eighty five this is one of the early photos of the smoke rising from the exit hole a lot of material that's in the here the debris pass has highlighted the time of the debris path it's going to continue at an angle that had been created with internally placed explosives the angle would have typically you would expect the to be much more distributed in all directions but that's not the direction that the material is largely traveling at so it's because i'm with the internal path of about fifty degrees here's another early photograph of the exit hole the three outside has many bricks laying near the wall suggesting that it just kind of crumbled away we can see interior plastic wire mesh wall  are some large parts of side with they've got some substantial mass we can still see a few of the wheel pieces we've got a tire the photos are unfortunately not as ire it appears to be kind of laying in a deep pool water in this particular photo here and then you can see that we all remember off to the left hand side that's four there's a lot of things that they've said and they talk about the the so opening they walked closer at the mouth of the third hole they saw a piece of a wheel and countless shards of wreckage docked lieutenant colonel aaron back looked left saw this huge hole in what looked like a piece of landing gear the wheel and the piece the landing gear about ten feet the landing gear had just sheared off it punched a huge hole in the searing wall and it come to stop against the backside of the beef the ring later on talking about the debris outside of the exit hole as i i was on the back side of the steering but the landing gear was between seeing the it was in the breezeway what that called between the searing in the drive is brick in sill with concrete frames with no windows the columns in either side of the ceiling exit hole or possibly twenty feet apart no significant intermediary support serves or between the columns between columns five  which to what you see here is the interior plaster wire mesh wall was not destroyed pretty clear pipe bent outward is best explained by momentum of and not female urban search and rescue team again the brick brick are only here because it's really clear that there's only two layers of bricks here is another image showing that there is only two layers of bricks and then the wire mesh for the plaster behind it on the inside looking back to the bacteria what we see here is that if you look back through the hole you can see clear clear through to the other side the windows on the front of the building the outer ear ring windows showing that there's no intermediary halls on this on the first floor it's all outside i don't know what's going on that particularly outside might actually be able to figure out what they was taken by what's outside whether that's a crane or some other other material other vehicles the floor plans showing the columns bill do exist this is from the arlington fire and rescue after action report and they have the columns drawn to scale much smaller as you can tell from the images that we saw from the agency report because these were color coded as dramatically you could kind of say that the stuff out there really was part of the plane and wasn't planted so let's go take a look at how you can actually go through and take a look at the  are twenty one by twenty one inches and so this is the columns as presented in the a c report highlighted them with little squares that are actually the actual size of columns from the same source but broader scale shown here and you see column fourteen where the impact would have been and the exit hole if you remove the destroyed columns those were the ones that now going to go through graphical analysis of the debris pathways through the columns if you don't from the tree point column fourteen to the ceiling exit hole and try to draw as many lines as you can that go through the columns to avoid actually impacting them you can see that this is how we got the two point three two and a half and one point one five foot wide estimated path with through the impaired columns that are shown here i've highlighted column five and the one that we saw that that was severely damaged the three and then three m were not there to the right of that were not damaged nearly as much but the column five appear to have gotten really a lot of damage from a lot of impacting debris and if you don't have the impaired columns shown this is what it would look like kind of again coming in with that the estimated with the paths shown measured as closely as i could get and selling that there are these three paths exist through the columns that explains the projectiles of significant mass traveling through  just kind of giving a plug for american heat they were a bunch of firefighter video photographers that came they actually did as they were actually nearby and they came and photographed in the afternoon of nine eleven and one of their videos is available through interlibrary loan if you're interested in seeing this and there's not a lot of extra detail in it but it is another source of original footage