of the cia now sixty years ago the cia didn't exist but today it's one of the most powerful organizations in the world with an estimated five billion dollars budget and twenty five thousand people working for the cia has more money and power than most developing countries but that immense power has often been used to cause immense screw ups today it's all about the flights of suspects to secret prisons in europe but over the years the cia has done much worse at and the nazis had been defeated and now the uneasy truce between the usa and the soviets had dissolved into a fog of paranoia secrecy in trade the cia's first anime was to be the red menace from russia our home our nation all the things we believe in are in great danger this danger has been created by the rulers of the soviet union in one nine hundred forty six the cia was desperate for information and intelligence on the soviets it was prepared to employ anyone with insider knowledge on the russians even if that meant working with the nazis i was in austria in the one nine hundred forty s and we were under tremendous pressure from our superiors to get information about the soviet zone of austria and about soviet troop movements and soviet political movements in hungary and czechoslovakia and we had nobody we had nobody and so we went and recruited people and we didn't look very has no doubt about it we didn't look very closely about the background of these people many of these people were hardcore nazis some were out now nazi war criminals who should have been tried and many got away with murder brigadier general in charge of intelligence on the eastern front so a full of one hundred forty five people one hundred forty five a month before the war ended he realized it was lost and he and several colleagues had decided that they would take their bury them and give them to the americans they felt we can make a better deal with the americans and the cia our newly established organization got a good big budget picked him up war criminals who were working and galen's operation they themselves may have been in danger of prosecutions because of their involvement in war crimes of course they were working for the cia that danger was go the cia did a secret deal with the nazis in return for their services the cia guaranteed that not one of them would be charged with war crimes committed while said work for hitler why didn't anybody stop to ask the moral question at that point no one could hide anymore from the secrets of auschwitz the concentration camps and what happened in them were written large over europe people understood the horrors of what the nazi done how could we then turn around and protect the very people who were responsible for the deaths and murders of of six million jews and millions of non jews really came into its own during the nineteenth fifties the threat of atomic weapons meant that neither the west nor the soviets wanted to risk an all out war so instead we had the cold war where trickery treachery and secrecy where the weapons of choice hundred fifty eight with communist paranoia at fever pitch the cia became convinced that the russians had a new and powerful secret weapon the cia believed that the russians knew how to control people's operations were just terribly an enticing his motor coordination was disrupted because of the noises over and over again the behavioral side of the research virtually kidnapped nearly a hundred patients and subjected them to heavy doses of l s d regular electrical shocks and a football helmet claim to the hands playing was degrading messages the five hundred thousand times such as my mother you're not alert things can go wrong in this organization as they did with them cale to bounce off the whole those years of testing the cia discovered that the drugs didn't control people's minds they just blew them in two thousand and six when you talk about invading a country to get your hands on their oil you immediately think of iraq and saddam hussein but the current situation in iraq isn't the first time the west has interfered in the middle east over oil surprise  iran was important for two reasons at oil and it's how to thousand mile border with the soviet union now russia the cia wanted access to the border so they could spy on the soviets and they could put their hundred fifty one prime minister mosaddegh became iran's first democratically elected his first act in power was to nationalize around oil industry and his second was to begin talks with iran soviet neighbors talking to the soviets and taking back the oil industry might have been popular with the iranians but it certainly wasn't popular with the cia what the british and the americans managed to get terribly wrong was that they thought that most of that was a communist and that's why they were so fearful about it and they thought that somebody else could come in through the back door into iran and take over today the greatest threat to peace is the expansionist beams of the  freedom everywhere our freedom is in jeopardy in april nine hundred fifty three allen dulles the cia director secretly set aside a million dollars to get rid of mosaddegh by any means successfully overthrown its first government the prime minister was removed and replaced by the shah of iran who ruled the country for the next twenty five years but unleashing the  iranian people had consequences the cia had not even considered after the coup iran became a kind of american base and a shard just became an american puppet and or disaffection or opposition o people realize the power of the mass they really realize the power of the mobs and that's something that we're still trying to come to terms with  it employed nazis in europe experimented with drugs in america and overthrow democratically elected leaders in the middle east the next stop on the secret w broadcasting propaganda to the congolese army members behavior was completely unacceptable to the cia so the agents in the congo began to look for a replacement and they found one in a young man called  source of tremendous instability it's had a civil war that has led to three point seven million deaths it is one of the most unstable poorest and most anoxic countries in africa i've now spent ten years in africa every african i've ever met believes that if something happens in this country that is negative damaging the cia is behind it but they have good reason to think that because the cia did intervene time and time again it did make sure that dictators ended up running the show it make sure that human rights atrocities were hushed up so the paranoia that it's still bad which makes every african you me think that the cia is probably behind that i completely justified this information fake leaks and double agents are all a key part of being a spoke i don't need to tell you that in the cia the job of deciding who's telling the truth and who's lying falls to one of the most suspicious and secretive departments in the was convinced every defector from the east to gave the cia information was actually a double agent planted by the k g b so he either ignored them all had them locked up so the cia had a problem no information from people on the ground in russia the solution was revolutionary and high tech they invented the spy plane and by mistake they invented the u f o at the same time the united states and the soviet union were absolutely paranoid about each other's nuclear capabilities the soviets bomb a fleet and the soviet i c b m infantry was of particular interest to the united states because it really didn't have any information about them spy plane needs to be subtly different from any other kind of aircraft it needs to be able to fly off in that great heights to overcome the defenses beneath it it needs to fly at great ranges  these two actually use the legs to inventors of they really pushing the envelope in terms of what an airplane could do that really tested the lockheed skunk works which was a special secret entity that was set up to create secret programs this this new technology had to be kept top secret if it was going to be successful something that's huge metal and flies in the sky is fairly difficult to keep secret so the cia used a convenient excuse when american spotted these planes flying of a veil behind which it could hide some of this spy plane technology so we've seen how far the cia is willing to go to prevent the spread of evil communism in europe the middle east and africa employing nazis overthrowing leaders and persuading the world to believe in little green men so how much further are they  cia's actions in cuba designed to spark a popular revolution against fidel to come to power via revolution himself a revolution against american power in cuba people who are young today have got to understand what the cold war meant i mean it was a terrifying thirty or forty years li castro had not been in power more than nine or ten months before the cia started writing memos and knocking on the door of the state department saying we have to develop a plan to overthrow this guy he's uncontrollable in the masses seem to to respond  him in a way that we have never seen before the cia of course came up with a plan they came up with a bad plan and the military arrived at it because they knew how bad it was and intelligence analysts weren't showing the plan because operational people were confident with the plan but this is what the president wanted so you had a very naive overrated american president i might add in john f kennedy going ahead with the bay of pigs which was just destined to fail so just why was this operation destined to fail for all kinds of political reasons american i was once in a cuban fighting force as opposed to americans so i think such as full american could wave it say you know wave the flag and saying what a wonderful thing they've done if it was unsuccessful what you don't have his body bags coming back and being buried alive what is t v screens in invasion was a total disaster because they didn't know how to fight only because they kept landing in the wrong places you see because the people didn't rise up to help they didn't understand cuba at all they didn't understand the nationalism of the revolution and consequently they had an operation which became known as a perfect failure and in the end it consolidated the cuban revolution rather than completing its goal which is to white you know castro off the face of the ma communism across the other side of the world in indonesia the cia were trying to stop engineers here was strategically important it had a huge population and the cia believed their prime minister sukarno was going to open up the country to communism the cia was against the car no because he was too friendly towards the communist party and he needs you but he was not any kind of congress you thought he was not a communist but he was a certain extent a democrat and he threw out the communist or had the right to be in the government but attempted to raise the specter of a looming in the news in communist party takeover of the in news in government the cia made a bizarre decision but try to blacken prime minister sukarno's name by making the world's first celebrity pull on film they hired the sukarno lookalike and filmed him enjoying the company of  young lady who wasn't his wife but the cia failed to realize this economy was already a famed womanizer and this whole movie had no impact at all on his popularity so when this amusing attempt to get rid of him failed the cia turned to something a lot less funny black operations black operations or top secret or illegal missions which the cia perform for the u s so as to provoke an armed clash between the interviews an army and the in news and communist party which the cia fully anticipated and hoped would result in a bloodbath and allow for a military takeover of the internet in government coup to get rid of prime ministers to qana the cia had got what they wanted and sic on i was driven from power after the coup the cia worked together with the generals to ensure every single the central intelligence agency helped to facilitate these massacres by providing various forms of communications equipment money and small weapons to the in addition army this campaign constituted one of the greatest campaigns of slaughter in modern in history i think as a historian and as an american and that it is one of the most morally troubling episodes in the history of american foreign policy and one which the u away between thailand and vietnam most people would find it impossible to point out borders problem that they'd share the cia who decided that laos was the key to winning the war in vietnam laos had enormous strategic importance in the fight for vietnam the vietnamese communist from the north had been using a secret trail which ran through laos to direct troops weapons and supplies to fight the us troops in the south of vietnam thirty thousand of these famous tribesmen were paid trained and signed up to fight for the cia in the secret war in laos the tribesmen were happy to fight for the cia so long as they were allowed to carry on farming and selling their local cash crop opium opium and heroin had always been grown and produced in laos but the cia made it much easier for the tribesmen not only did the cia let them carry on producing heroin they also made it much easier for them set up an ally at america which was used to transport the drugs into neighboring countries including vietnam i was a freelance journalist and i went to laos to do the story on the source of the heroin and opium that was flooding into south vietnam and i was interviewing opium farmers how much would you produce last year what did you do with it and the answers were always the same we got about five maybe ten kilos at the end of harvest we went down the line in an american helicopter came on the trail of drugs follows the trail of medicine operations and there's a very good reason for that if you're carrying out clandestine operations you need black money and you need cooperation from criminals  their agents in laos had to keep the local drug because happy in return for their support so the cia got their secret army by turning a blind eye to the heroin trite but what the cia hadn't thought about was where this heroin was headed the white house did a survey after vietnam and they discovered that in one thousand seventy one one third of all u s combat forces fighting in vietnam were heroin addicts if you do the calculus ok there were  mean south vietnam than there were in the united states assassination program responsible for tens of thousands of deaths but first let's take a look at how the cia turned a man from cuba into an icon by mistake i could be the father of my baby so the cia decided it was time to get rid of cheney and they did their very best to assassinate him in those days the cia sponsored given i was finally picked up by a bolivian ranger bear in mind this was a highly trained counter guerrilla force trained by the americans and he was then taken to us to a small schoolhouse in la you know where he his presence was in the minds of the cia and the people around them addends cheney would be one danger mess that he would be eliminated from the scene to look around the world now in the in the beginning of the twenty first century and see to what extent the image but has been picked up again precisely as a symbol of resistance of anti imperialism you know if the if they sought to kill off that idea they failed ironically a dead shagger vajra became a much bigger problem for the cia than the live one instead of dying away quietly show his face quickly became one of the most recognizable and iconic images in the world and it still is today and i think the idea of the che guevara represents a threat to to western democracy was complete balderdash he was an attractive man who spoke revolution you know smoked cigars who wore those kind of sexy green fatigues and but he didn't represent a threat to the western world but in the warped mind of some cia people policymakers they thought this man is potentially very dangerous you know he could inflame the young towards the idea of marxist revolution but part of the best when the usa became involved in the vietnam war everyone in america was convinced it to be a short easy war and that quickly beat the communists but despite having much more money guns and bombs the americans couldn't win the war in vietnam their opponents in the vietcong didn't play by the rules instead they perfected the rules of insurgent fighting still being used today in iraq  night throwing various suspected to viet cong out in helicopters you have two of them you get one of them to talk about throwing the other one out of the helicopter to his death starving the suspected viet cong operative to death a lot of procedures that  while they were excused at the time and in retrospect by people as being absolutely necessary given the ugly nature of the conflict i think it's easy to see why so many americans were uncomfortable with this program and wife became a target for anti war critics at the time first of all because obviously the united states lost the war to be a con infrastructure was not eliminated even more than that i think it turned many vietnamese against the united states when they saw the tactics being employed either by americans themselves are by south  drawing their paychecks from the united states i think it killed our image william colby the head of the cia later testified before the u s congress that there were more than twenty thousand extrajudicial executions done by the united states in the phoenix program that's to say we summarily executed more than twenty thousand people how many roughly would you estimate were eliminated so twenty eight thousand have been captured some twenty thousand have been killed and some seventeen thousand had actually rally at that time the prospect of a cease fire at the position of the vietnamese in the battle areas any easier indeed it's made it much more difficult the impact of the vietnam war on america was was absolute officer it was the one war that the americans actually actually lost  and that was a huge shock to the system socialist prime minister salvador allende i n d was the people's choice but he wasn't the cia's choice so they spent eight million dollars to get rid of him ballot box but by violence the agency started to pour money into a series of covert operations to discredit i ended a poor money into the political parties worked closely with chilean military to build up our influence their conduct operations to kind of divide and upset again days ruling coalition and then a major propaganda operation that was pouring millions of dollars into the leading  eleventh one nine hundred seventy three general augusto pinochet and his army marched on santiago the capital of chile and stormed the palace salvador allende was killed in the process with pinochet in power violence corruption and torture quickly spread throughout chile new documents show that in the weeks after the coup pinochet's troops arrested around one hundred thirty thousand people and imprisoned them without trial and a shade did was kill thousands of people hundreds were executed in the football stadium one of the favorite ways of dealing with with dissidents was to take them out in the oval see the helicopter and drop them into the survivors if you walk around something i was sent the couple of chile with with people they will point out to you every now and then a house with might look quite innocent now but which is remembered by one generation as a place of torture or twenty years ago you could hear the screams in this building that's the memory and it takes a very long time for that memory to fade especially while those who are responsible for those crimes still mist paper my name is johnny wallace and this is secrets of the cia where taking a look through some of the cia's biggest operations from the last sixty years and how they've helped shape the w cambodia was a hot spot at the time because of the ongoing war in vietnam right next door prince sihanouk cambodia's ruler wouldn't play ball with the americans and join in the vietnam war he was determined to stay neutral cambodia would not open its doors to american troops so the cia did what it always does in these situations it's found so one who would let them into cambodia and then help them into power and this person was  come about in general on march sixteenth nine hundred seventy long known in the army staged a coup in cambodia with the full knowledge of the cia it's hard to we're at war with islamist extremists and in war you have to take some extraordinary measures in order to be successful we simply have to be dealt with the osama bin ladens and the sons of people that are still out there they just simply have to be removed the cia is going to target someone if that's going to be an assassination plot we're going to bloody our own image around the world and create more terrorists of within americans and sunni shia and as a projection of us as an audience and it's an enormous danger i'd have to say unless we have a second nine eleven the odds of the agency changing over the next twenty five years are almost zero so happy birthday to all our friends at the cia that sixty years of defending our liberty or put another way attacking our freedoms and as we enter the fifth year on the war on terror please don't think for a m will play any less of a role that will use any less controversial tactics than it has done in the last sixty years expect to see plenty more headlines and to have plenty more secrets of the cia in the