it's still a remarkable story and a lot of messages come forth and hopefully they'll be some some good reflection today but also some wonderful learning what i'd like to do though is  begin with just a little tribute to the birds of the mob museum i'm hoping all of you have been there yes if not there's still time we're going to be around a long time but our wonderful visionary and principal carver bob spear passed away in october is as you may know a lot of you're shaking your heads at ninety four and a half he lived an incredible life he'd be the first one to tell you that and really went down with his boots on it was just a few days where he really wasn't feeling well and i think he climbed camel's hump on his eighty fifth birthday so the guy just set high standards for himself and just enjoyed everything out of life this wonderful museum that he created  am is now going into its twenty eighth year but the story is a little bit of what i want to get back to just as a little introduction before our official story about the passenger pigeon and jane if you can hit that first arrow this is the beginning and we see bob's first carvings the parakeets you probably know that not native birds to vermont but very important to the story bob was a young naturalist of a very young age he had a mother who was a school teacher taught in a one room schoolhouse and really nurtured his love of the outdoors he read thorton burgess books he read many many different  natural stories about nature and always outside doing things taught himself how to whittle it a young age became a hunter at a young age worked with his father who was a farmer and learned all kinds of skills for working on the farm and thinking about animals and thinking about the environment and all the connections there in the parakeets came about when bob was only eighteen he was helping his dad manage a small herd of cattle and into the barn flew a parakeet he knew right away had escaped from a kitchen cage he was allowed to give the bird a new beginning by keeping it as a pet and i think the bird gave bob a new beginning or at least a focused direction  coming into bob's life he really took his love of wiggling and carving and focused on birds he also did an awful nice and well that's not it but he also has an awful nice lady slipper in that same case of the museum ok when he finished working on the farm helping his dad he joined the navy he was there as a radar specialist and that was brand new technology of course so bob was a trendsetter early on after the navy he joined general electric as a technical specialist he worked there in the burlington plant for twenty years and the best part about that was his coworkers knew early on that bob was a carver bob would steal away to the parking lot sit in his car with his willing to listen a hunk of basswood and whittle away every coffee break and every lunch break in fact his daughter grew up believing that every time a car door opened it would spill forth which shavings she has wonderful stories about that bob's coworkers would bring him dead birds that it had windows or hit cars or been duped by cats and what use those as studies skins he would preserve them and use those to understand  and burden that to me after general electric he retired from general electric and became the founder of the green mountain audubon just up the road from the birds of remote museum he was the director there for about eight years and then finally really really retired and he had his partner gail focused on birds and the wonderful spot that she had purchased and he joined her there  a green mountain audubon he was very involved with surveying the bird populations getting publications together so people could follow up with what they might be seeing out in the wild the the love of wiggling that wonderful traditional art form are very important to bob but i think somewhere around this time after that eighteen year old encounter with the parakeet bob's voice is an educator became the loudest voice and he wanted to be able to bring birds to people and people closer to birds he knew about taxidermy he taught himself how to stuff and preserve skins at age twelve but that didn't do it for him because that left you with a very all of the the different habitat rich elements not just the animals in them so he took that one step better and he wanted to teach people about birds doing what birds do but  he knew the dead birds really looked like dead birds no matter what he did to them not cool instead bob chose to carve birds and as you all know who've been to the museum he carves birds in action mode the raptors the the warblers all doing what they do see really can get a sense of into relationships and environmental stresses an environmental bounty that birds take advantage of  and they did it they had a wonderful outpouring of support from the local community from the wildlife agencies from scholarly people and she can say our charter membership was huge and many many people still around still come to the museum to tell us they were there when but yes the bird started taking over the house and they had to find a place for it there was no institution that really married the importance of a traditional art form of art wood carving as well as the natural history piece that was so important to bob so they used the barn next door had to rebuild it right off the foundation and that's been there almost twenty eight years now so we hope to expand bob standing at the workshop welcoming people and continue and then just a quick synopsis of some of the birds that are in the displays in one thousand nine hundred seventy he already had nearly half of the birds that are there now we have five hundred four i think life size carvings and continuing on eighty seven eighty eight winter wren which everybody loves i think there's going to be a random carving class it's not too late to learn how to car we have carving classes three or four times a year and there's one coming out middle or end of february so keep an eye on the front porch foreman her website and the warblers and the beauty of what bob did is you know is show birds doing what birds do male and female pairs this is what they ate green caterpillars they lived in a habitat that had deciduous trees bob's inventiveness and ability to recycle things at an early age  kept kept the prices down the cost down but the creativity higher and higher made the leaves out for all of the deciduous trees that would otherwise crumble and turn brown and try out he made them out of high plea grade aluminum so he created those painted the mold and put them in all of his habitats and our favorite the hummingbird and i think i forget that cape may warbler we were fans here and then we'll just move through quickly brought the raptors in in eighty nine and then again the next one this is the raptor cleanup crew the turkey vulture actually that's the california condor they're all vultures are kind orse and then endangered and extinct birds ok and the raptor gallery came by the end of one nine hundred ninety eight and the tropical birds there are important because so many of our birds winter in the rain forest bob wanted to be sure we see them and the winter dyer around is a wonderful dyer am a full of owls and birds that come through in the winter time their plumage is usually white to go with the snow and of course the wild turkey that was bob's last biggest biggest ever and that was a big effort at one thousand two hundred thirty hours kind of thing you don't want to know ahead of time but he did it is about seven individual pieces to start but it takes your breath away it's fun to see visitors come upon it for the first time and then the wetland i am as i mentioned we still have water fowl yet to be done as i was telling jane earlier we are going to enlist the aid of the green mountain woodcarvers who we have a strong relationship with already and the new england woodcarvers and create some kind of incentive for them to help us out with the last few birds that we carving and just a background in this takes us back to that american museum of natural history the wonderful dyer out of us with the curving walls libby davidson is a c resident and an incredible artist she does all types of media but she worked with bob over many many years bringing the backdrop to life because she shows the birds that are carved in the foreground and floating in this case on acrylic panels she shows them in flight she serves them with other flocks get a wonderful sense of the natural history through her work and good reka was an early assistant curator at the museum she learned well under bob's to live but then she met on australian woodcarver who was visiting the museum they fell in love and she went off with him but they are in australia and then dick allen is a gentleman on our board of directors he has filled in with quite a number of waterfowl already he's an exceptional artist in his own right and that's one of our favorite shots of bob and he's got the red flannel red flannel she had me sure and this just tells you a little bit about the property we have a hundred acres  we have public land we have private land we have bird monitoring walks we have lots of programming with young people festivals and you think we can think of we'll pull together bob's engineering feats was that bridge that links to the the recovering land and not public land and wouldn't you know this bob bill with one other gentleman dug him shot i don't know how long ago it was but in that flood that we had two years ago in july that wreaked havoc on so many waterways around here in the the property around them that bridge is still standing washed out our walkway washed out part of sherman hollow road took down stream beds and banks around it but that bridge is still standing so it's really remarkable piece of work that bob created and just to show you visitors come in all shapes and sizes all ages international very very local we love a lot and some of our programs and now we'll get to the  project passenger pigeon came about for the year twenty fourteen it was created by several people involved with the university of chicago the picking no department c m affiliated with the university of chicago wonderful gentleman named joel greenberg who wanted to write the story that number of artists a number of scientists environmentalist institutions all around the world came together i don't like to tell the story of the passenger pigeon but to really encourage people to think about the need for conservation what happened in this story that we needed to learn from and we've learned something we still can learn a lot more we can do a lot more but when you lose even one species you really change the balance you change the interactions you change the cycles of life diversity is critical and that's the other message  vehicle of passenger pigeon for millions tonight and takes us to a lot of other conversations and i'm hoping that you will ask questions we can have some discussion as the program proceeds but just embrace everyone's concern about stewardship of the land and i'm sure you're all thinking that way already in behaving that way but we need to spread the word so we took it on because we had a carving of the passenger pigeon it's one of my favorite in the museum always domestic pigeon looking a lot different from the morning duf they really are the same family the passenger pigeon i've got some display items over here on the table so you can see basically what they look like but just a lovely bird when i just will say you don't have to go back but there was a picture of joel's book there which he wrote and that is a feather river across the sky which he produced and and did a lot of  traveling around the country last year and internationally to promote the story the previous person to have done such a huge body of work was a w shorter back in the fifty's so joel took up the reins created this story and it was very important because twenty four team is a centenary observation of the demise of the passenger pigeon ok there and this is just this is just part of our exhibit we threw a few things in just a show you what the museum did have it in honor of the passenger pigeon we put out a call to artists to see how different people responded to the story thinking of us their views on  anything from the passenger pigeons tragedy to the sense that the environment needs to be protected stewardship of the land conservation and diversity here big big issues  and this is just showing some of the items in our exhibit at the museum and i will talk about all of those but they are propped up on the walls one thing i love though his way back in the corner here you can see there's a barrel and i gromit around up in bob's workshop and found a barrel who'd a thought but there was this barrel it's important because that is the mode of packaging back in the eighteen hundreds when passenger pigeons were shipped to market and i'll tell you more about that story but there it was dissuading to be used ok for millions to none in less than fifty years this is this is a remarkable painting shows you a lot about the characteristics the tendencies the behavior of the passenger pigeon right off the bat they traveled by the millions and the billions they're flocking nomadic flocking behavior was  probably what kept them alive in many ways probably what contributed to their demise in many ways they were beautiful beautiful beautiful beautiful birds they flew in long island chelating lines you may have seen on you tube or some other publication the wonderful i'm julie eating habits of star of starlings in europe they just have such a sense about each other they never crash into each other but they just have this sort of  amorphous shape changing kind of transformation it's delightful to see apparently passenger pigeons did that as well they really work together especially with such multitude of birds i mentioned that they were column a column by column that is their family their shape i've already talked about but the nomadic flocking behavior is something that really was critical to their survival they were around since the last ice age they were very prominent as as far as fossil evidence suggests prominent in the great lakes region but they'll be a map here next that will show you that range really expanded northward into the canadian territories southward not quite to florida generally but mid atlantic and lower mid atlantic area and they moved and lived of the rockies all the way to the coastline they also love the eastern woodlands of the united states and this shows you right here they were driven to this or to push or pull kind thing they were pulled into this area because of their favorite foods these birds thrived on mass to him a nest he which is basically the product of trees knots so they loved acorns hence they would be looked looking for oak tree grows they loved each knots so they would be looking for beach not environments and they love chesnuts those were really their primary source of food when those trees would drop their nuts the birds would forage in crazy crazy way is and i'll just explain that quickly they would come over head to a growth and or be nesting overnight and then they would rise up into the sky they would plummet down to the ground and they would start pecking away at all of the ground and grabbing up nuts as fast as they could they didn't scratch with their feet it was really just a pecking with their they had the ability to open their jaws enough so that they could fit in the whole acorns they could fit in whole beechnuts and chestnuts and it allowed them to store up as many nuts as they could find without having to give in to their competitors all around them and and just gorge on these until they had a chance to digest them later they had a sort of a priest stomach called a crop that allowed them to store that food what they would do is  congregate on the ground and and forage in this crazy frenzy where things were just flying all over leaves and sticks and dirt and then a group from the back would come up and land in front of the group that was already there  so just this constant sort of roller coaster leapfrogging mode of foraging it was probably unique i've never heard of it anywhere else but it was one way to accommodate these huge numbers in short order they would  fly up into the trees and sit all on branches next to each other like birds on a wire and have sort of a siesta after their feeding time and start to digest the birds would move to the east from the great lakes as the seasons moves through the spring and summer nesting grounds where in the great lakes in the eastern woodlands when the the trees were pretty much finished being  consumed the trees massed in the spring time they would move on to berries they would move on to soft fruit such as grapes in the fall and then they would migrate southward a bit along the eastern coastline and then as they came back around in the next spring they would follow west of the appalachians and come back up northward but what was really driving their spring time arrivals was how much massed how many knots were available on the grounds from the previous year so there was no predictable return point like this what is it the sparrows to capistrano there was no prediction like that just sort of a hypothesis where you might find them ok this shows a little bit they were kind of tongue in cheek on that poetry in motion this i think is a rendition of the foraging behavior but multiply that times at least a hundred birds on the ground and in segments probably up to a thousand at a time the birds were able to fly up to what maybe thirteen hundred feet they could gain some altitude on a nice calm day on much windier days they would fly much lower about a metre off the ground or three feet or so and they could reach speeds of up to about sixty five miles an hour but they didn't make a mess of  habitat and they were not loved by the local wild boar and other animals and roads because they really did decimate the food sources pretty quickly and they decimated the low growth the low  canopy the plants that were growing low on the grounds of they took they took took advantage of their habitat safety in numbers though speaks to a phenomenon satiation where so many birds traveling together meant that they could lose a percentage to predators and it wouldn't affect their population in their normal behavior at all so safety in numbers was good at least initially from when they were first really surveyed in numbers and this was really just explorers coming from europe talking about what they saw when and where how many they would say from fourteen hundreds through the seventeen hundred birds were thriving and just got bigger and bigger in terms of population numbers when they arrived at a nesting area which was still plenty  with mast they would pair up they were monogamous and that's true of this family of birds the male and female would quickly construct a nest very hastily constructed nest and you can see on the table there just twigs just throw together some twigs if you can get them to stick in them lay an egg and that was about it and i was saying to jane earlier i don't know what the cause of that was to start start nesting and producing young dispatches you can or maybe there were just so many competitors for nest materials they just grabbed a few sticks and put together a nuff to just keep something up in the tree but they did bond they  shirley there was a discrepancy in some of the records that maybe they had to but the more prominent voice seems to be they had just one egg and these birds would nest in what were eventually called nesting cities they would be so numerous in these trees and the oak trees as you know and chestnut trees beech trees they're huge trees very sturdy trees but these birds would nest by two hundred a time one hundred pairs and put their nests in there so it was a very heavily laden tree so they were often causing damage to the tree the tree branches the laymen's would start to bend if not break al together there have been written accounts of of trees just bending low birds just sliding off and it was too many making something of a good thing just too many the picture here shows the male i believe feeding the female but this also brings us to an interesting accommodation that the birds had for their young so we'll go to the next one here is just a picture of one artist viewpoint of an oak tree with one dentist in it but you can see the other birds around they did flock together they didn't nest together but the parents were very very nurturing of their young and they really took care of the young male and female bruited the young equally they fed the young something and this is where the crop is also again pretty remarkable that pretty stomach and the esophagus the lining of the esophagus could produce a special  sip it right out it would drip down through and that was a highly nutritious probably very rich and fats kind of drink for those birds to grow up  i mentioned environmental damage here's another thing when you have one hundred nest with two hundred birds at a minimum you're also getting a lot of droppings and in fact john james audubon recalled being outdoors and seeing what looked like big fluffy snow flakes like you had when you drove here but think of it as just masses of very acidic droppings and it piles up fast so somebody had a clever cartoon and that that probably was something that drove the birds to other other nesting sites or other listing sites but they did destroy the ground the acidic droppings the foraging behavior just the huge numbers of birds probably i can't believe that it didn't have some kind of impact on the ability of the trees to repeat themselves at their scarfing up all of the nuts and leaving waste to the land it probably interfered with a lot of the groves that otherwise would be healthy and a couple of other things they were quiet when they did this so there noise was tremendous just the beat of the wings w but people would hear them coming and then you probably have heard descriptions of flocks coming overhead a million at a time that would take three days to pass over and again audubon relates watching a flock go by and for three days the sky was dark and totally obliterating the sun so it's just a massive volume of life streaming overhead ok now we get to the point where all of these birds safety in numbers and roosting habitat probably didn't serve them so well this was early eighteen hundreds the birds had been thriving but people were busting out of the east and moving to the west raising young families they needed a good way to get a meal out for the kids in short time and why not take advantage of trees laden with birds so there were hunters there were hunters hunting for sustenance and they would see these birds coming overhead take a few shots have a few birds fall down and they had a good steward to make but this also was where  the idea of hunting for profit or at least for market started to come into play on the right side there is a picture from the  of a gentleman who was trapping birds and i'll tell you a little bit about his story in a minute but i just wanted to get the sense of of things start to change as people and birds came together disaster started to brew the advent of technology really was what was about to come on the horizon the technology that brought people into communication telegraph was going to get myself mixed up and i was eighteen thirty when they first started what actually was a little later but eighteen thirty was train they were putting together train and they could send people out west on the train so that they could give them ready access to settlement areas but also telegraph came into play there were thirty thousand miles of rails by i think the eighteen fifty's or eighteen sixty's and the telegraph had gone intercontinental by the eight hundred sixty s also so people were coming out in droves it was kind of like our version of s u v s and eve heard on your smartphone or something you know just here's where they are get out go find them and what started off is just sustenance and a good way to have a home cooked meal became a lot more of a hunting frenzy and we can turn the page there  nets became as popular a shooting and there are some other other ways that people devise the nets were probably based on native american fishing nets the early settlers would  forty feet in the air they would catch low flying passenger pigeons they would fall of the ground and sometimes they would be shot sometimes people would just pick them up and wring their necks and they ha dozens of birds stuffed into the sack in no time at all the train created the opportunity for products to be shipped back east so i mentioned the barrels earlier birds were shot stuffed into barrels with ice and send them on a wagon to the nearest depot which may still have been no closer than twenty five miles but probably a lot farther than that and shipped for several days all the way back to the markets which were starting to develop in the east coast but new york city even restaurants were starting to have passenger pigeon on their menu people also use passions or passenger pigeon feathers  great for stuffing mattresses and using other things probably quills even then they might have used i'm not sure sewing but also boiled they produced oil so there were heating sources lighting sources that they could use with pads it was a burgeoning industry and a ready supply who wouldn't go out hunting so they did they also would take advantage of the young squad as they hit the fledgling they were in the nest people would go with torches and they would just burn an area and as the birds flew up they were charred the charred bodies would be gathered up and again sent if not even close to home locally they would be sent to market  they would also apparently light containers with sulfur so that would a six eat the birds while they were sleeping and roosting and then as soon as the birds drop to the ground they were picked up and carried back  this type of netting i mention there was another type of netting where it was called net trapping an individual would build a little bit of a bird to line just a couple of boughs of of leafy branches and he would hide underneath it holding onto a string that was attached to a net that was lying on the grounds and making you think this backwards but the ground had been prepared with mass to been sprinkled with acorns or beech nuts or chestnuts that had been gathered earlier and then these hunters were clever in that they would have a life but captive passenger pigeon who was tethered to another strap and when passenger pigeons were starting to fly overhead because they were tracked into the bait on the ground the live but captive passenger pigeon was released to fly up just high enough to attract their attention and that bird the stool pigeon was brought in and then the others came down and were caught in the net forty fifty dozen at a time so it's just it was mass killing is what it was and it was human induced extinction which eventually happened but a lot of these the hunting for market in hunting for sustenance using dead birds as the product was overtaken by sport shooting sport hunting and clubs just sprout up from michigan to maine and new york all over the place people would hunt and there would be huge events just in the name of capturing pigeons so everyone thought of course they had these birds would be around forever they never even bothered to take pictures of them because everybody knew them they'd be around but suddenly in the course of forty years really from say eighteen forty five to eighteen eighty five they were they were completely doomed ok this is a pigeon basket that was made that says eight hundred thirty five to eight hundred sixty it was what pigeons were put in maybe two or three in a basket to  take to the sport hunters then here you see a gentleman who is hiding in that bird blind with the tether so he can spring the net on the birds there worse some people who were up in arms about this there were some people who said can we just enact laws that you can't get close enough to the squad's or the nest at least keep people a certain distance away there were some people who wanted to impose fines for taking too many birds let's say but they're also people i think for mob was the first state that enacted a law that you couldn't take nests or eggs could you could kill the the young but you couldn't remove the nest you couldn't take the eggs but the birds the adult birds became very alarmed at this constant pummeling this constant burst of fire and frenzy and they would start to get spooked they would know when someone was coming so they would fly away leaving their nests in the eggs behind in many cases or the fledgling squads so if the nests were left the egg might not have because there was no adult to sit on the nest the fledglings would die the squad's would die because there was no adult around to feed them that wonderful crop milk and the birds would just play and head farther and farther north which of course meant that they had tougher environmental stresses they just weren't used to being up in canada and they were so scattered that they couldn't keep their numbers together if maybe a thousand or ten thousand you know had been kept somewhere if someone had the foresight to say let's just keep a couple of breeding populations this is joel greenberg actually suggesting in this in a number of years some conservation laws might have been enacted in time to protect them but nobody thought that way and i have to say i don't know in any climate when you're desperate for something what matters most but i'm not going to let them off the hook entirely ok let's see what's next so this just shows you technology is a great thing but technology can also have repercussions and great consequences ok and then we go to the final image of passenger pigeons of the nineteenth century martha was the last passenger pigeon in captivity i think it was in one thousand nine hundred two she was housed at the cincinnati zoo there was a passenger pigeon all the way already there a male named george so they lived happily for a few years until george died and then martha lasted until one thousand fourteen september one think she died in one hundred ten one ten in the afternoon but it's a very very sad ending to a really very remarkable burger we have learned a lot from then we have something called the lacey act which came about in the one nine hundred early  prohibit the exportation or even transference of wildlife birds to different places capturing them tampering with their their nests changing their behavior through human actions so that was the beginning a lot of conservation since there and certainly to tell you wrote of roosevelt contributed to a lot of environmental awareness and wildlife conservation standards but  next picture all right let's go one more yes there's a crazy group well ok i won't insert my feelings but there is a group that has funding scientist you know they're great if they can do wonderful things they'll just do that they have a wonderful idea they want to d extinct the passenger pigeon they also would like to be extinct the dodo and the woolly mammoth there is a group called restore and revive i think that has funding available for scientists to meld or marry the d n a of taxidermy specimens so passenger pigeons that are in museums still with  the strand of d n a from passenger pigeons and they would probably gather a terrier from several so they're not doing the exact clone but they would fill in with the living they entail pigeon all the missing pieces of the genome there and then they would insert that into a stem cell and then that would be inserted into an embryonic band hill pigeon and over a number of generations genetics would tell us that you could get to this point where he would have passenger pigeons to bring them back and douglas says he can think what do you think why would we do that  twenty twenty five i think that's something about a french restaurant where there is a a very you know well heeled individual who hasn't and you will pardon the special dinner and i think this dinner this past year or recently was something with  be sustainably used for hunting and that i think people couldn't handle the kind of the world would be bringing them back to i think by eighteen eighty eighty percent of the woodlands had been bacteria in the band tell pigeon must have some kind of love to him it's genes but i don't know with the old passenger pigeon they have and what the ramifications of that would be so it's just interesting but it's got people talking so there is bird humor all over like right so any more thoughts things you want to talk about anything it's close to an hour since i've been chatting away i do have a nice little table display here doesn't tell you anything new but it does bring up some things closer to look were trying to figure out how determined they were trying to figure out how to determine the number of birds moving overhead and one time and i have two problems here they came for the alexander wilson was eighteen no six he saw flight over frankfurt kentucky he observed the flop was one mile wide  been things this is common on observing that he saw such a club over head a flight that extended from right to left as far as the eye could reach the breadth of this vast procession extended seemingly equally crowded and passed as a living torrent for hours break times timing was distance so you figure out it's covering one mile a minute over four hours about two hundred forty miles and then you multiply that by the number of feet in a mile so we've got conversion factors going here and that came out to one million two hundred sixty seven thousand two hundred feet divided by three to get murdered back to yards calculated a flock here louisville kentucky kentucky definitely had big numbers he observed one of my own passing a rate of a mile a minute over three hours to birds density and he came up with what sounds like a very good number one billion one hundred fifteen million one hundred thirty six thousand probably these are under estimates i think in sixteen or seventeen hundred maybe sixteen seventeen hundred there were anywhere from three to five billion birds probably just in the kentucky tennessee region and there was no way to really quarterly numbers as people were looking at them but we think when we go birding or look out of the the parks here and there we see a flock of birds you sort of block them out and you know you say well i've got six blocks and looks like the same number of birds in each one and we come up with maybe forty five fifty birds millions and billions it's just exactly they just they found the food they needed it was it was the right timing i guess there was enough food because food is the driving factor for any any animal including us and if there was abun food source and there was enough space so you didn't have the fierce competition for layered nesting sites although they did obviously because they would overburden the trees but they did they did throw they may have done themselves in if we had got in the way predators would be coming though they were certainly predators but it would take down in a flock of five thousand they would take down maybe ten percent so and the birds were high enough i think it probably was snakes going after the eggs were maybe a bigger danger than a lot of other predators there were there were certainly raptors but it was a small so you just multiply by so many birds and the and the young until the hunters really got into mans were nurtured so they were they were healthy young and join their parents often the flags fly high and since they could they were still increasing at that point ye about that was given to each of the libraries in the state i believe in it's a wonderful compendium of all the birds of the mine the new edition email two years ago now after twenty five years since the one and only first edition and it's just wonderful with maps in there showing comparisons between the two different survey times but this was a huge publication with the center for eco studies and three hundred fifty volunteers in the field and i didn't look at blessing about things the food will be there are into it the one they have about that though sitting ducks like the passenger pigeon they are the ones that are primarily taken by or guys are who flies through pretty frequently  eighty six came about because of the use the fashion of the day beautiful hands with beautiful plumes and people got together and talked about how it should be allowed in mass autobahns from that was signed into law by president woodrow wilson it states that federal law on him it's the pursuit hunting taking capturing killing possessing selling purchasing shipping transporting carrying exploiting or attempts that were involved in any of these acts any bird part of a bird nest egg or feathers of any such bird so that's only got stronger years and there's a lot there but that's what it took so we have the museum many many nests brought in by retired teachers from elementary school whose kids students brought them in has been here and they say they got this wonderful supply when i was here who said we have permits we can keep them at the museums and bring them to us and there are a teaching tool but i think you we all remember growing up to find it on the ground take it in and put it on yourself to fight in this town around or you find a nest in a tree that was a conquest  left behind but