booth my name is david roman i'm the plaintiff appellant i was a high school teacher for a number of years and i always gave my students a handout then help them create their own knowledge to hand out and this lesson is my request for all argument with it seven  copies if anyone but he wants them and the aim of this lesson is to understand why abe fortas his opinion in epson versus arkansas is malicious i want to begin with stephen jay gould's quote he's saying catholics could believe whatever science determined about the evolution of the human body so long as they accepted that god infused the soul into such a creature whenever my private beliefs about souls such religious issue can't be can't threaten science in the first place the catholic church does not teach god gives human being souls many catholics think the soul goes to purgatory after death but this is just feel logical speculation to account for the gap between death and the second coming of jesus in the second place the catholic church teaches that we inherit the stain of original sin from our parents through sexual generation there's nothing miraculous or supernatural about a human being until we go to heaven or a baptized the catholic church also teaches that we know exists from the method of inquiry called metaphysics a metaphysical truth is that human beings are superior to animals because we have free will and the conscious knowledge of human beings as opposed to the sense knowledge of animals that animals can see and hear was a scientific observation but we know we have free will and can create mental beings like the past in the future because we can make ourselves the subject of our own knowledge this creates the paradox that all humans are equal but at the same time different from one another the solution is that a human being is a composition of body and soul also known as form of matter and form the soul is the principle and complete being that makes us equal and the body is what makes us different we say that the human soul is spiritual because we can comprehend free will but we can't explain what the relationship is between ourselves and our voluntary muscles this is called the mind body problem and some mystery with the understanding that there are no mysteries in science and science has a tremendous track record of are only one answered questions in science a second way of saying that the human soul is spiritual to say that human beings are embodied spirits of spirit bodies a third way is stephen jay gould quote gould is saying if you define a human being as something with the soul human beings did not evolve from animals because the soul is not a scientific concept i'm not objecting to the content of what gould is saying i am objecting to the use the word soul instead of free will because there's an argument for god's existence based on free will and free will means repossess a center of action that makes us unified with respect to ourselves and different from other humans  beings a finite being needs a cause because of the composition of two principles are incomplete beings essence and existence our essence limits or existence to make us the particular being that we are assuming or hoping that the universe is intelligible means that the exists a being without a limiting essence the chinese and indian religions have a different terminology but religions originating in the near east call the infinite being god this argument translight on the name god gave himself in exodus three point four way and hebrew or means i am who i am concerning the tennessee arkansas war against teaching human beings evolved from animals abe fortas refers to the quote upsurge in fundamentalism he does not mention the lord's number of states passed to legalize compulsory sterilisation over sixty thousand americans were sterilized against their will during these times and oliver wendell holmes famously said three generations of imbeciles is enough to justify the sterilizing carry book the arkansas law makes no sense because biology textbooks don't generally talk about free will in my  textbook refers to the mind body problem as a philosophical question abe fortas explicitly rejects the reasonable idea that the arkansas law is vague the last sentence in my excerpt from ford says opinion is a lie about science fortress and saying that according to science human beings evolved from animals this pseudo science is evil because undermines faith in god which makes life meaningful and good meaningful because our purpose in life to go to heaven and good because people of faith believe the joys of heaven will make up for the souls and hardships of life so if you have any questions i'll be glad to answer them thank you thank you for your presentation thank you for letting me thank you the court will reserve decision the clerk