morning everybody i'm glad to see familiar faces and a couple of new ones so if you don't know my name is matt now listen them in the development director here in the island this is our return of our coffee klatches season three actually i've been here for three years and i haven't got can s so i'm happy i was a santa john and don and this is probably the favorite part of my job actually is i love these get togethers and learning about different aspects about local history dutch history all that kind of stuff somewhere there's a few other folks who love them as well we do have after this i want to make sure to remember we have a succulent workshop after this most of you probably know what succulents are those little little cutesy plants usually that you see in like target that you can bring home and put on your table or actually in a workshop where you'll be able to join a horticulture staff sara here and get to know a little bit more about succulents that are easy to care for that's why i love them but then you can actually bring some home so you can bring home a pot of succulents there's a whole variety you can choose from about fifty plants that changed the course of history so if you didn't pick up in the back there's a little sheet that lists the fifty plants that we're going to go over and this is actually the idea comes from one of our former culture staff vickie morgan  she was a big fan of this book so i didn't come up with these fifty plants again i'm not horticulturist it here so i've really relied on this book it's by bill laws fifty plants that change the course of history it's an amazing book will be back at the library today as soon as i return it on my way home i've checked it out a couple times but it's a great book written two thousand and ten and it actually spawn several more books there's now fifty foods that change the course of history fifty minerals fifty railways fifty machines so it really now as it jumped the shark as they say i think it's now they come up with fifty anything that change the course of history so this is the book it's interesting book we're not going to talk about all fifty this morning we're not going to be here for three hours i know there's other places to go so we're going to look at the fifty some of the fifty so here's the list and we talked a little bit about with a couple of you what's on this list as a quick look at it is there anything that you think might you know shouldn't be on this list or you don't know what it is or you think should be added and i think you think so there's a lot of them i know one of the ones i wasn't familiar with is that on here since kona i thought what is that but that's actually one of the ones we'll talk about this morning and we're going to there it is right into chili pepper kind of in the middle the first column but there's some like i thought i go back to my history background and i think you know especially thinking about the dutch and how they made money off spices things like cinnamon cinnamon is not on here and that was obviously something that a lot of people made money off of her clo we go through it you can just think about which ones you think might have been added to this list so why are we talking about this today you know why this book well two things one where will i own gardens we have a beautiful gardens here and if you look on your list all the ones that have a star next to them are ones that i've been advised by our horticulture staff that we grow here in our gardens the there might even be more so we can find those plants different spots around our gardens i was joking that i was going to put one next to like cocoa or hemp and see if community garden in our second tulip field out near northfield so some of the things are grown there but a lot of these things also have a dutch connection and that's really the part that really intrigued me as well is the dutch if you don't know where master traders but they're also very well known for their horticulture expertise throughout history so they've really had a lot to do with a lot of these so when you look around there all the things that are bold and italicized are in my perspective the dutch had a real  interesting perspective or had something to do with these plants and why they became so wildly popular so that's what we're going to talk a lot about today is that dutch connection so going here on the island you can see we do have poppies even we don't have we don't have opium we have similar maybe not exactly like i don't know if we have an english folk but i know we have and the writer kind of cheats a little bit like that like he says well crab apples well included in that are apple apple since they're technically were you know descended from crab apples so he does a little bit ahead jing as well so i hedged ours so the ones you see light like the yams we grew sweet potato vines out by our entrance so not exactly a traditional yam but close enough that i it's a light blue can see a lot of them here you can find out in our gardens again some one are conservatory some of the community garden some just out on the grounds now the dutch side i put an orange on here and again these are the bold ones on your sheet the dutch had a lot to do with a lot of things and we'll be talking about this we've talked in previous coffee klatches but for those who weren't here the dutch had an empire that anybody would not know that the dutch now we think of it as this little tiny country in europe you know with sixteen seventeen million people but they've always been traitors dating back to really fifteen sixty six during the dutch revolt they started attacking portuguese and spanish colonies around the world so the big spots are we talking about this morning are the dutch east indies what's now known as indonesia and then this area here in brazil and then suriname which is we'll talk a little bit about but they also had colonies they call it the gold coast of africa as well south africa they have a lot of more kind of fo type colonies in india and a lot of these the orange just represents a little they weren't necessarily colonies or more just a fort or like a away stop when they were trading and then obviously here in north america will talk a little bit about today too you can never get away from history with me either so sorry a big one the dutch east indies that's the biggest place we're talking about today so again the dutch east indies the dutch ruled that for almost four hundred years it's what's now known as indonesia it's a huge huge huge place we did the whole coffee with the gentleman from indonesia and he pointed out that if you lay indonesia across united states it's nearly this distance in indonesia is nearly the same distance as across continental united states people think of them as little islands here in the pacific it's huge there's a lot of land it's very tropical so on the right there you can see in modern day indonesia those are the things that indonesia grows and the little numbers in parentheses there are their rank in the world so they are the number one producer of coconuts now meg number two and pepper and so on they grow a lot of crops and the amazing thing is we'll talk about a lot of those are not native to indonesia they were native to different spots around the world and usually the dutch either stole them and brought them there or bought them and brought them there the other spot that's interesting is suriname the dutch had a colony this is basically the northern part of south america it's also known as dutch miata they used to be five deanna's the were spanish d'anna british guiana french ghana dutch ghana and brazilian ghana the dutch claim three of the five but they've never actually controlled any of them but this is another spot obviously basically northern brazil if you want to think of it so that has a whole different variety of crops you can see the crops that are they grew there are on the right side so we're talking about some of those when we talk about certain and those crops so again we're not going to go through all of them today but we'll hit some interesting highlights and each of them so when you see the numbers again those are indonesia so for example t indonesia grows the eighth most amount of tea in the world see the see how important indonesia is in the agricultural world today so without further ado will start going through these and some  we actually just had a paddle the province's event with tulips you have to have time hosted and the biggest complaint was sarah yeah they had breakfast and they had no coffee and several people said this was a dutch event without coffee are you kidding me so they're more known for coffee than tea but actually the dutch were the first to begin to transport tea from china all around the world they brought it to europe they brought it to north america so they're well known for a lot of tea grows in the the people in the netherlands who grow who drink the most tea are free agents the people from the northern part of the netherlands they actually drink the most tea of anyone in the world and they drink it very very very dark i should have brought some i have some friesian te obviously descends from way back in one thousand thirty seven it became pickwick instead of dow egbert's t and then coffee the dutch love their coffee and some of you know me and my former life i worked at fairs coffee company who owns j p's who is our coffee provider for this morning so thank you to them but i use the ice to give a history of coffee when i work there and we've got to mention the dutch a lot because coffee is not native to the netherlands but it was native to the middle east area saudi arabia and  they had a monopoly for a long time turkey actually had a monopoly on coffee and the dutch trade there's a some money to be made and they were always there i was looking at you know how do we get this cash crop out well they stole it then they stole it and they brought it to all the dutch colonies at the head of the time and if you think about it the dutch had colonies in indonesia and the dutch east indies as well as brazil well those are two of the biggest copper producing countries in the world brazil is number one indonesia is number four and you wonder that the nickname is coffee has java java jive or here in java a lot well why did it come up with that name well because the dutch were shipping coffee out and they were shipping it from the main one of the main islands in the dutch east indies java and it rises in europe and they say well what is this oh well it's java java right in the bag so it was from java but it got that nickname of hey i got my java because it's from java the dutch also launched the fair trade movement was based on growers in indonesia it was really a you know really ripped on the dutch pretty hard about how they treated their natives and how they grew coffee and it started stirring up that social consciousness of how you should treat people and how you should grow things and out of that eventually hundred sixty s and seventy's started this fair trade movement about growing things correctly and paying everyone down the way what they should be paid that all came from coffee and now you see fair trade everything from fair trade clothing to fair trade food of every well that was the dutch were the leaders in that and had to do with coffee so the fun the fun ones right this done what did you say these really change the prevalence of perspective on the world of these these ones really change the world here i tried to group them together as well as i could so hemp as most of you know what hemp is and you know that it's the same crop as the same plant as marijuana the only difference is really the t h c content and i know i talked to a couple people on our staff that i've never been more surprised when i was biking in the netherlands and biked past the field and looked to my right into the triple take and thought that is several acres of marijuana growing that's interesting i've never seen that in the united states whether they were growing it for marijuana or hemp i don't know i didn't pick any and put it my pocket so it's probably marijuana there yeah so is marijuana legal in the netherlands no no it's it's what they call controls of the tolerated people people are allowed to keep basically the police do this a little bit they're actually cracking down a little bit more and more because they were having the issue of basically a lot of americans and british folks were going there and for drugs for their soft drug policies so actually when the conservative government came in a decade or so ago they started cracking down a little bit and were trying to force people to have cards to be able to go into what's known as a coffee shop so if you ever see a coffee shop when you're in amsterdam if it's called a coffee shop it's meant for marijuana actually so you want to take a look and see what they're actually serving in there of the menu has coffee on there of the menu has marijuana it's just a nickname that's come up over the years coffee shops are marijuana so be careful when you're in amsterdam all the other one that the dutch is introduced the world to is coca so this is obviously what comes from cocoa cocaine coca cola so cocaine is the biggest well known one so coca is actually grown in northern south america so for years it was grown in peru areas like peru well again the dutch stole it brought it from peru areas like peru brought it to the dutch east indies and grew it there then they would bring it back to amsterdam to process it and it fueled the basically drug binge in europe throughout the eight hundred in one thousand nine hundred because back then cocaine wasn't it didn't have the stigma like it does today they actually used it to like they would you know you see an advertisement like take these coca pills they'll pep you  they'll give you energy even armies would have cocoa pills for their soldiers to like give him energy and go out there and fight so the dutch actually became the world leader in cocoa basically cocaine production coca production there's also a nazi connection to several of the high level nazis were known to basically be addicted to cocaine especially herman goering was one who was known for that when he needed energy he takes all cocoa pepto but again it didn't have quite the negative connotations that it was it was ok back then it wasn't coca cola and then they switched out the recipe and again you think about it you know soft drinks originally were a little tapi and they did take it out there because they've got to know what is a drug that people become addicted to so again in the netherlands is it legal no but from what i read that the the dutch government will not confiscate your plants you're not allowed to have them but they're not going to confiscate them either so again a little bit little bit of one of those like you can do it but they don't want to know about it so all but against the dutch of had some pretty if they can make money off of anything they usually will look more like most americans though so so some other ones that aren't quite as  name came from and obviously the dutch had actually a monopoly to trade with japan for years they had one port that they could trade through the only people allowed to trade with the japanese when the japan was closed and so one of the things they did was take soybeans and spread them all around the v o c we've talked about them before the dutch east india company spread that all around the world and made a lot of money potatoes potatoes are another dutch cash crop so who eats the most potatoes in the world per capita you know we're number two that's why i got that we're going to we're not number one who is number one in ireland ireland that they the most potatoes in the world per capita but the dutch eat the second most potatoes in the world so they're number two and actually the potato is very important this is one of the few crops that we're talking about like the netherlands proper they grow a lot of potatoes there and actually it really has to do with our community as well because why do people come to holland michigan what's the story why do people come here in eight hundred forty s well the potato famine that's john skipping ahead he's a good student back there but usually people here in rome t religious freedom right that's what you that's why they all came here right well that was a part of it was religious freedom it was economics it a lot of folks were unemployed in the netherlands so they came here for jobs but another one was the potato famine that a lot of people have heard of the great irish potato famine but it was in the eight hundred forty s well that same potato blight hit all of europe not just ireland it was all of europe and again the dutch back then still a lot of potatoes and it was mostly poor people who were who relied on potatoes for their diet and so if you think about it that's the mid eight hundred forty s when was holland founded eighteen forty six eighteen forty  seven this is all a lot of it was due to this people didn't have jobs they were hungry and then there was the religious aspect as well so that really a lot of our white folks moved here was maybe a third call it due to they can grow potatoes any more so they moved here good to hear because nutmeg is is really i say the dutch spice because it's really as odd as it sounds nutmeg one of the things that really stands out among dutch cooking we might not think that way but actually my wife comes from a mostly non dutch background she was surprised that i had not meghan my house because i was a bachelor and i do like to cook a little bit it wasn't all mcdonald's for me but she was she said why do you have no mag what do you use nutmeg for i said well a lot of stuff the biggest one though they buy you know what that thing at the bottom is so they're about the size of your fist so i can really make four at a time in my dutch oven but what's that what's the main or what really sets goswell on apart nutmeg so that's why i say go to hell with family secret i won't give you the whole recipe i will if you want it  nutmeg and i've had several people and my father in law tried my meat balls he said what is that flavor in there i said that's not magic so this is another one where the dutch grew this in the indian indonesia the dutch east indies so they wanted a monopoly on this so how they got that is mag actually grows on several of the islands throughout the southeast asia well they'd send their troops over to the neighboring island burn all the nut trees so they would have a monopoly they would attack portuguese english colonies just to burn their nutmeg plants this is how valuable was back in the sixteenth hundreds well more of its kind of it's kind of like coffee that it's it's it's a tree and it's either a large bush or a small tree your choice would differ you'd like to call it now maggs that i'm not sure because a lot of these plants don't grow here just because if you think about it the east indies is very tropical so you could probably grow in a conservatory but that be about it nutmeg that's that's the dutch spice and again the dutch had a monopoly from about sixteen hundred all the way to old napoleon came in and then the french stole them from the dutch and sort of spreading round so and then we have black pepper black pepper actually the portuguese to have a monopoly on black pepper well once the english and the dutch took over a lot of the colonies they then had a monopoly on that and this is actually a crop that was grown mostly in india mostly an indian crop so the dutch had some colony or some salt and pepper or just cheap cheap cheap you know throw money or fries at mcdonald's or back then black pepper was this exorbitant thing if you could afford to to buy pepper you had some cash so it's amazing how this how these things have changed because things like cinnamon to those all those spices used to be you know us poor people potatoes those rich people could afford pepper on their potatoes whereas now we think of it of course everyone can do that peppers also want to get half the bone by the way so that's part of the secret recipe back on and kind of say what did we do so sugarcane used to be a major cash crop for the dutch the french the english and where were sugar where was it and where is it mostly grown and when all the sugar beets in the nether s and on the east side of michigan yeah hawaii grew a lot you know it's tropical most of it was caribbean colonies so you wonder why all the european colonies were european countries one of these caribbean colonies that are getting hit by hurricanes now it was sugarcane back then that was the main cash crop in all those colonies so the dutch had actually they fought a couple wars against the english anglo dutch wars they actually fought for wars that the topic won't talk about today but one of the things they did  sixteen sixty seven they were finishing up their second the second anglo dutch war and they had actually conquered a english colony in english in ghana but the english had conquered the new amsterdam area so new york city today so one of the dutch do when they were sitting down at the negotiating table they said hey we'll let you keep that you know crappy northern colony up there in new amsterdam if we can keep certain numb and the english agreed to it and that's how the dutch lost new york city us to them so and it was all about sugar and that's one of those i say you look back today and they kind of go we really gave up new york city over certain naaman sugarcane but that's how valuable it was back then they thought well yeah we'll give up this northern colony this is this is new york city manhattan area way back in six hundred sixty seven they were willing to give that up easily force or none so that's how valuable sugar was rubber a little bit more modern story about rubber so rubber is grown in the dutch east indies it's a major crop of there the british and the dutch really dominated the rubber trade all throughout the eighteenth and one thousand nine hundred and this obviously became popular more in the one nine hundred so when they figured out the scheme and the early twentieth century when they found out rubber for tires right everybody needed tires so america really wanted to get a hand on this so there was a guy  mr ford who was sick of buying this expensive rubber from england and the netherlands because they were drawing in their asian colonies so he actually started his own colony in brazil has anybody heard about this in the one nine hundred twenty s fordland there's a good documentary on if you go on netflix he says he literally sent tons of americans down to brazil bought a huge amount of land to grow rubber plants because he was sick of the paying high prices from the dutch in the english it failed terribly and he wasted millions of dollars but the dutch still may have known how they were used to tropical areas and the brazilians really did not want to work with them why they failed so the dutch had a lot of this well when world war two hit if you think about the pacific theater japan really had a lot of industrial needs and it's a tiny island nation so the two biggest things they didn't have oil and rubber which you need to have a fight a war right you need to have rubber for your airplanes and for your tanks and that sort of thing and you need oil to keep them going well they looked around and thought well where can we find this oil and rubber well the dutch east indies is sitting right down there to their southwest and the dutch really did not defend them very well they weren't very well defended at that point so that's really why the japanese invaded the dutch east indies you think why would they invade a dutch colony other than easy pickens i guess the dutch had all and they had rubber the biggest one was rubber so they had to act that colony so they really had made a major part in the asian war during world war two still you can see that the indonesians grow a lot of rubber the swiss but he came up with a process that actually squeezed the fat out of the cocoa bean and able to make into cocoa powder and that actually led to basically the chocolate revolution and why we talk at bars today chocolate used to be thought of as a drink before that they really didn't have chocolate bars so it's called the dutch process there's still this you've heard of dutch chocolate or the dutch ing process and chocolate it's squeezing that fat out and getting a cocoa powder so you can use it in a lot of different ways so  because if my wife can tell you i a lot of chocolate and i'm very happy that he came up with this and then it was picked up by cadbury and a lot of these other companies and brought all around the world and then the switch actually refined it a little bit so they don't usually use the dutch process anymore there's a new process but again another thing that the dutch brought the dutch tweaked a little bit you can tell me a little proud my dutch heritage right when i talk about all this like the basement vent of the world been made a lot better then there's manila this is another crop is actually from central america and the dutch brought it from central america to mauritius one of those islands off the coast of africa which is actually named after a dutch prince way back then they brought it to the dutch east indies well vanilla is one of the hardest crops to grow actually grows in central america so these are actually you can see this is a vanilla plant the flowers are dying here and then these are the vanilla beans certain to grow that they're on the end of well vanilla a needs to be once the flowers there it needs to be pollinated within about twelve hours of the flower opening very quickly so if you think about it's native to central america it gets pollinated there it's still hard to grow there when you move it's the dutch east indies does anybody see a problem with pollination possibly wrong bugs exactly they don't have the right bugs to pollinate the plants so even though even today is still hand pollinated if you can believe that yeah it's very expensive for a vanilla bean so they still only moved it there they thought well you this move planted there the you know the atmosphere seems right right temperature well no pollinators so even today again it's hannah pollinated so the flowers open within twelve hours they have to be able to pollinate them so interesting one to sing kona this one's actually i would argue almost the biggest one that changed the course of world history and again we've talked about a lot of these like coffee anything yeah people love coffee well that really change history to people fight wars over it maybe a little bit but some kona is a major major one it's another native to south america the dutch smuggled it out again to the dutch east indies and through the years it was treated what is what is in coney is for anyway no quinine they actually got the idea actually jesuit priests when they first visited south america this isn't about the six hundred thirty s the europe was starting to send people all over the world in the sixteen hundreds and what happened is you go to a tropical country and ninety percent of the colonists die of these tropical diseases like malaria while that's a you know pretty hard attrition rate on what so many are colonists die and they're dying of that so the jesuits noticed that the local indians were eating this bark and this  bark was preventing them from getting malaria well it was from this in kona tree and they were eating this bark that prevented it so they brought it back to rome and the italians were actually the first to realize the benefit of it so the death rate in these colonies begin to plunge because they would bring this bark with them and literally like a down it eat the bark and chew on the bark and they found hey if we eat this stuff we don't die of a forest disease basically so the dutch kept all it kept in java and they had actually a pretty good monopoly on it because again they brought it and really propagated it in the dutch east indies they had a ninety seven percent monopoly through the early twentieth century which is pretty good i take ninety seven percent up until the one nine hundred forty s and again this is one of those problem especially for the americans the british this was their source of quinine which when they're sending soldiers all over in the pacific they're going to get malaria so actually they they had some some major supply issues and a lot of soldiers died of malaria during world war two when people really hadn't had so much malaria in quite a while well thankfully the germans ironically enough the germans had been working on the synthetic version of quinine and they kind of were perfecting it right in the late thirty's so the british got the technology and they developed this synthetic type of quinine so they finally got that to the troops but really it could have been a major problem during the war and it was again thousands of soldiers died of malaria so was major that the u s had actually tried to get a bunch of plants from the dutch east indies to the philippines to kosta rica so now coastal rica actually grows a bunch of clowns in kona just because the americans got it there for world war two anybody know where else get to be the end of the season for a they used to they used to add it to something this is if you think about american history when americans went out west how do they avoid things like malaria but you bring with you what kind of  quite in water so it actually flavors the story of how the british came up with jen and tonics which are one of my favorite drink so that's why i get all excited about some kona they in india they had to have some kona to prevent malaria obviously very tropical country well if they added it they were saying we'll drink this quinine water will people said i don't want to drink quite in water but if i had some gin to it it doesn't taste that bad so that's where jenna thomas came from isn't just the solution to prevent malaria so really i'm celebrating history when i enjoy jen and tonic all summer so i should say pro slavery time i drink it a lot of tonic water will have gone and that's that gives it that little bit of a weird taste i guess and that's what they don't and stuff like this to it it's all science processed and culturally process so it's in kona one of my favorites now you know why but also important because again this is one that if  kona and quinine would have never been found out i don't know of colonies tropical colonies especially like africa they say africa why you think it took so long to open up that colony because again when nine out of ten settlers are dying at that point you know the british  french and the dutch are saying well is it worth continuing to have colonies or all these people keep dying well this prevented a lot of it so from a western perspective it's great from a perspective of the natives maybe not so great so pineapple will hop on the pineapple this is a crop was grown in suriname so this is one of the ones that the dutch had colonies in cern and northern brazil they were not the first to bring it to europe the spanish and portuguese that actually brought it to europe they were the first bring it to northern europe and they were actually the first to be able  grow a pineapple in a greenhouse sixteen fifty eight so you can see here this is actually a famous painting of if you've ever noticed this is point out to me when i was in south carolina a lot of tropical or a lot of plantations in southern states if you look at the columns they have this weird it looks like a pine cone to us usually and people say oh why do they were pine cone well that's actually upside down pineapple that they have on the top of columns of here notice that when your big plantation houses you see is upside down pineapple and kind of welcome we have welcome in wealth and so this is actually they tried to you can see these little pots around here this is a painting by a dutch painter they may recognize who this is and there's a cheat and i would say the questions that are jerky don't i but you know who that second a lot of times painters will do that for the include those little tricks so these are king charles spaniel this is king charles the second and this is him being presented with his first pineapple from the netherlands so it was it was considered the ultimate wealthy gift if you could present some pineapple that's amazing because people knew it didn't grow there in europe so you either had a greenhouse or you brought it from overseas so even to the king they would present this as this really fancy expensive gift and now you can buy them for ninety nine cents all  yeah see this apple orange that's a china chinese apple is a little too translation for china apple from china so it is oranges are actually native to china and again the dutch in the british got in from china group all around the  c so these were planted all along trade routes and a lot of trade routes like south africa had a lot of oranges because the dutch couldn't stop there on the way to the dutch east indies they had planted oranges there so you had these and then you have places in  england and france and germany in the netherlands that have these all wrong you've probably seen these if you've ever been to europe you see these palaces and the little you have these rooms where you grow orange trees and lemon trees and just are going to show off the wealth but have these tropical crops that you can g home so this became very popular and oranges are actually i did not realize how dominant they are they're the most cultivated tree in the world is an orange tree i did not realize that brazil is the world leader in oranges and around the room a little translates to orange tree it's not the most well regarded beer is that correct to say john i got only heineken i got told and this is this this might tell you about this i drink a lot and i was in the netherlands in college so it's about the equivalent of our bush lite or so it's you know it's not a beer you bring to impress people at a party but it's still a very popular dutch beer so then we have move on to rice rice is really when you think about the fifty crops i think about we in rice i was always taught even back to back to high school history those are the two biggest crops in the world and we're always taught what we eat is to the western world obviously the western world as you're brought up on we i mean we as in most stuff we in corn wheat you know bread we think about bread production we think about beer that's important the western world well what that is to us rice is to asia and we're well aware that you know most asian restaurants you go to you get rice as the other side dish or part of whatever you're eating so indonesian cooking rice is a major major major food and then we have the right awful  awful if you've ever had this i used to even have friends who were the grandparents were from the east indies and they would have rice awful and there's a picture of an old style there what it is is a little means rice table in dutch and it's an indonesian  specialty where you have lots and lots of dishes at one table almost like what it costs more i'm just bored from scandinavia but you have tons and tons of different dishes that you get to come by and just pick and choose instead of having your own plate of food it's more of a buffet style with tons of different dishes it's a pain in the butt to prepare i can tell you that my friend's grandmother she did it well but you know you're preparing doesn't sometimes two dozen three dozen dishes well little bits but it was it was a way that the a lot of the indonesians especially the dutch indonesians that were there the dutch the folks in the dutch east indies because it's a very expensive thing to put on as well to have so many different dishes shows off your wealth but again rice is huge in indonesian culture and and now in the netherlands when you go you can find in an asian restaurants almost like we have chinese restaurants they have indonesian restaurants pretty tasty food little spicy but it's price price so what we're almost done here hops some some folks favorite right where the hops originate an and as early as the thirteenth century they were known to flavor beer before that they made beer but they would use other things to flavor it and if you go places like belgium and germany they still have these beers they're flavor of stuff other than hops that taste weird y know they they drink a good amount of beer but they actually introduce that to they brought it over to england they started going hops in england so it's interesting this is actually a picture of a old england english farm and these two things what they're here are called ost houses and that's where they dry hops introduced them to the sort of the english think they're the best beer and the best sales and loggers well they learned it from the dutch so course they do so hops a lot of people would say this is one of most important things in the world coconut another one you see their number one producing  country the world the indonesia it's going to another crop that's very tropical very popular in indonesian cooking a lot of their food is based on coconut meat coconut milk coconut water a lot of it this actually they said is one of the dishes that uses all three we know about tobacco all the dutch east indies were a huge producer of tobacco tobacco actually became popular in europe and very know why can you guess why why would people just start smoking this stuff that's healthy come on it's healthy and then she didn't know that so when the europeans were going around and they were visiting places mostly in the americas and they're visiting these people who seemed very healthy they do they didn't have all these  diseases that were happening in europe a little bit i know that most people are dying of the european diseases but they go there and these people just seem so healthy and you know they've got great skin and so they thought why are they so healthy well they're smoking this stuff and you know it seems to just clean out your pores and it cleans out your lungs you can feel it in your lungs cleaning at a mile and they literally smoke for health and you know that's why they sort of propagating it in europe is originally tobacco is meant as a health pictures i should have put a painting of those the long clay pipes that had a little tiny bit to put in there and they find these actually architectural sites and a lot of times find these little clay pipes the dutch you know they're almost a dime a dozen so people just break them it's a little tiny clay pipes and then actually indonesians came up with the thing in the eighteen hundreds critics which are close to cigarettes and they would actually take cloves and put them in cigarettes and here in america we had for or charms jarman's people calm and you're usually able to you can hear of even a little bit as people smoke and you can always smell those clothes those are actually banned and now i did not know that they were banned i had not had a german years but back in two thousand and nine i guess there was a law passed that you cannot have any kind of flavored flavored cigarette other than menthol and that was the law and actually the indonesians protested this under the world trade organization because ninety percent of what smoked in indonesia are these cloves cigarettes so it's very popular there these critics say calm but and if anyone's ever had a closer there's a little something different to it it's pretty tasty and then you get dutch masters i'm sure a lot of us were eighteen or so cigar the dutch for years that was the stereotype the dutch of dutch and english would be smoking their cigars and i've heard stories from people even when they go to church they would set a cigar that smoke a cigar on the way to church set it on the church of the ledge of the church window during church and after church they'd get back and search smoker on the way home but they wouldn't smoke in church so the dutch for years were big cigar smokers and tobacco tobacco users even today they smoke more than americans do did use a lot of times as they put tobacco and clothes and they'd roll in a banana leaf but literally there's for years and years and years there's no filter until they started using machines in the sixty's and seventy's but before that yeah you were literally smoking a banana leaf with this rolled up so no filter just straight and i'm sure would knock our socks off if we used the filters on the end of our cigarettes well then there's tulips and i'm obviously not even going to dive in the tulips today that's a whole different presentation or multiple presentations but it's a good time for me to mention that we are planting tulips in the next couple of weeks here are tulips for one mile and just the city just received the tulips so we'll be planting them even late next week and into the week after so if you're interested in helping us plant see myself and we can we can hook you up with a day to help plant tulips so it'll be they are obviously a very big thing and you've heard of tulip mania probably where the dutch you know bought so many tulips and the prices went way up and to up to worst more worth more than a canal house in amsterdam then the market crashed completely it's the classical idea of a boom and bust market of a of a bubble so that was that was in the netherlands but that again is a whole nother aspect yes fly in and if you flew into schiphol airport you got to fly over to a field it's absolutely gorgeous so that's one of the fun pictures i saw just all these bows of tulips and then they deadhead them right away because they're going to they're going to sell them so so this we reach the end of our journey  in the fifty plants that change the world but again i would recommend if you need reading this is a great book and the way he sets it up is wonderful too because even if you're going to bed at night and only want to read short things like here's indigo in there so there's a lot of plants we did not talk about just little short chapters to read it's a very fun book a little bit different stories he doesn't focus on the dutch aspect that's a kind of a curve we took this morning so very interesting book available to library well you have our next coffee quite so coffee is available in the other the other room though the gathering space from j p so it's nice good coffee like dutch coffee no black tea i can i can bring some down if you like to try it and i'm going to share i have a friesian tea up in my office that's nice and very very dark and it'll pass for coffee almost and it has a good amount of caffeine in there as well our next know thank you we had i mentioned a couple folks thanking the folks who designed the gardens betsy does the design center oversees getting them all in there and keeping them up our garden staff as an amazing job and that's why we're or emphasizing more and more of our gardens because this year i share to some folks we had over  hundred thousand people visit went on this year plus that doesn't include all the locals who are who get in for free with the holland driver's license doesn't include all the people who came for weddings and for community day so we had a wonderful amazing year and it our staff does a great job at the gardens when bill tours keeping everything up an amazing job  year it's always different and even through the season it's amazing that people come back in different parts of the season obviously we have tulips in the manuals but you can come back at different times and see the gardens look very different yeah we  one will actually be on our organ a lot of folks we have you know they know the windmill but there's the organ we have here and it's been getting a good amount of work if you didn't see it this year the facade looks completely different carol might be dancing for us now she will be ok ok florida but look curtis who is the young man younger than me so he works at dutch village and he has a real passion for organs and especially dutch bill organs and he does some work on ars he did that he's the one who did the facade and he's done some work on the interior he'll be doing a presentation on the history of the organ as well as hope if the weather is not too bad we'll be going out there and checking out the organ and he is if you have any organ questions he is an encyclopedia of knowledge he jokes that he asked lend us their friesian horses for the for the summer and they'll be coming and doing a presentation about the friesian zz friesian horses not people if you will but the people later on in the winter as well but the dates are back there so thank you all for coming in and stick around enjoy some coffee and then stick around for the succulent workshop with sarah and with laurie so thank you very much