poultry business is big business with an annual income of over three billion dollars from the sale of poultry and poultry products and represents more than fourteen percent of the total national farm income derived from animal products not so long ago chickens lived on a few handfuls of graves table scraps and whatever else they could scratch from the ground today a commercial mix speeds are scientifically compound and completely mixed uniform palatable and nutritive promoting maximum performance and profit through improved growth and production and saving time and labor required in mixing feeds on the with and breeders supply the excellent stock which has brought our chickens to their present high state of development we've learned that we can take out of a bird what has not been bred and fed into it but between the initial start with find stock and growth through scientific feeding to the final delivery of a marketable bird at a good profit stands the most important single element in the successful poultry business management good management means wise management backed by a vast amount of information available to the poultry men of today there are certain essential oils which good management provides it is considered good practice to allow one square foot per bird to avoid overcrowding the birds should have easy access to good feed in hoppers protected from contamination and clean water readily available on raised screen platforms to keep the floor and litter dry opinions vary greatly regarding proper ventilation but all of the parties agree that brian is is absolutely essential to damp house can cause the birds discomfort which might result in sickness for dryness and good ventilation are closely related while fresh air should be constantly supplied in sufficient amounts drafts must be avoided this is especially true in winter when birds are kept confined week after week three the right litter is also highly controversial but there are a few practices which are generally accepted as sound the bureau of animal industry of the united states department of agriculture suggest using a deep highly absorbent litter and adds that this method saves much labor and time and does not increase disease hazards there is one point however which is not controversial in fact there is nothing more important in poultry production than the starting clean and keeping clean this applies to birds as well as to houses equipment and to the ground on which the birds may forage the maintenance of good health marks the difference between profit and loss in the poultry business consider the loss to the poultry grower of a single bird first there is the original cost of the check next the cost of the feed the chickens consumed then there's the labor involved in feeding and caring for that bird add to this the average profit from the sale of a marketable bird and we arrive at the growers last project so it becomes obvious that the most important job the poultry grower has is the maintenance of the health of his flock one of the most cost poultry diseases until recently was caught city offices which was so prevalent that growers in the past had come to accept a loss of ten to twenty birds per hundred and the standing of eight to ten more as a normal cost of doing accepted that all young birds reared on litter are exposed to this costly disease thank god for the osis is caused by a microscopic parasite in a tiny egg like cells which is protected by a very tough covering this cell known as an o assist is passed in the dropping in this stage get is not infected thought after about two days of moisture and warmth significant changes begin to take place in the n is released organisms invade the cells lining the cigarette or other parts of the intestine depending on the species of parasite thousands inside the cell wall of the spores oh i develops into a rounded body and closing a nucleus thess nucleus splits into two nuclei these in turn split and the process repeats until when growth stops a considerable number of nuclei have developed then around each nucleus thoughts is probably a great many more than they would normally pick up in the field show very little change in appearance and data type up to this time in the development of the parasite about three days have elapsed the intestines and speak of this bird a chick looked about normal although small haemorrhages may sometimes be seen on the third day through the microscope however we see the rounded bodies formed in the cells by the invading spores cells where the parasites go through the same cycle as before to form a second generation of marrow so i think that when this greatly increased number of organisms break through the cells on about the fourth day there is a good deal of tissue just suction which causes bleeding through the test check on the fourth day has become listless and begins to show the typical ruffling of the feathers and failing appetite during deaths occur on the fifth day and blood begins to appear in the droppings thing notice how the loss of blood has drained the normally rich red color of the comb the reason for the bloody droppings may be seen here the seeker are a little more swollen and have started to hemorrhage this second generation of organisms invades many more cells this time however in the case of the cycle completes itself in the formation of new or cysts which will later be passed in the droppings to be picked up by other chicks and thus start a new destructive cycle thumb of the birds still die on the six day but those that survive the attack are immune and begin to improve the blood in the sickest starts crying which in turn causes shrinking the color of the walls of the sago begin to return to normal the microscope reveals great numbers of our sister on the sixth day when we realize that one parent cell is capable of producing over half a million no assists it's not difficult to understand how an entire flock may be infected by under fire conditions the birds pick up the infective or sister from such places as the litter yards dirty feeders and water is to spread the disease three appearance of bloody droppings in the litter and the infected secret are the telltale symptoms of single osis on the other hand is less easily recognized because other poultry diseases produce similar symptoms there are many different species of cock city a which may produce intestinal to save precious time and prevent serious losses get a competent poultry pathologist who with the aid of a microscope can give a quick and accurate diagnosis don't guess or put too much reliance on your neighbor guess it may cost you most of your profit the birds in the advanced stages of the disease seem to starve to death because of the destruction of the intestine where absorption o even with most careful management it is almost impossible to completely rid the brooder house of all of those cysts when cleaning and disinfecting because all of the sister responsible for cock city osis are exceptionally resistant to most of the common disinfectants just a few surviving parasites may infect an entire flock