object will work right down into the glacier several inches even though it's made of such a little private material as a leaf whereas the metallic kind stayed on top because it was light colored well how would you go about telling the terms you're saying on the inside of a greater well that's a little bit more involved but we actually tried an experiment experiment launched in lowering one of the young men that was of the party down into a glacier prevacid it was a rather risky thing to do but we felt so that we were taking no unreasonable chances after all take a all the way down he stopped temperature so mama there's in holes all along the ice when he got out a side he yelled that the ice was so hard that he couldn't even take a break in it which was correct and then we formed a theory from that that for about every thirty feet of descent you get one degree lower in temperature now this is built up quite a number of following theories since fans are what i'm wondering about in our working over these grasses it looks to be a very dangerous word reptar what has formed the group asses in the first place  anything inform them of many causes the an earthquake could change as a sudden changes in temperature but what you're looking at here that's due to a bump in the bedrock and when the ice flows over that it causes a crack to go from top to bottom several hundred feet even a thousand feet or more it may only be about a half an inch wide but it yawns open and closes again with the slow movement of the glacier as it goes over that bump and there's no longer any strain must be extremely deep or yes some of them go down several hundred feet but wondering about are these glaciers are they growing the present time for the most part earl ever since about eight hundred fifty seven all the glaciers in the world have been receding or shrinking however there are some cases where they've been going forward now there's one in  picture of it just a few years ago you can see the twin glaciers have completely altered their shape their way back in the mountains now five miles away from where they were when i originally took them so the hole in the wall glacier on one side is advancing and these two are retreating so show you that they sea it's boiled up of course in the water suspended and from then on you find that the top begins to crumble at every little fire you'll hear a roar like a cannon and the proper time timing has everything to do with taking a boat in there must be pretty risky well we have a stainless steel boat and that can go through anything you know those are falling very very slowly that isn't slow motion are you think it was though but if you'll follow one of the pieces down when it starts to fall and count seconds you know at the rate of thirty two feet per second per second the acceleration you can for the five seconds in some of those falls that means that that was about four hundred feet high you know one thing we hear about is this idea of a person speaking and some of that falls off of that right or some of those you know that's a big decimal point actually one time i put some naval guns had some naval gun shoot five in shells into glacier no effect i put a case of dynamite under one corner thinking i'd get a nice pretty soon you'll see something else start to happen let me show you a problem before we go on as now all of this is breaking off the top solar must be ice going out underneath the water what happens to it yes the same portion the sun top is also underneath and  as it breaks off from the top a shelf underneath is still solid and it keeps pushing out and then eventually it breaks off and look what happens here or comes right above the water as a whole big dome comes up in one piece and doesn't break off because all it has to do is just simply get out of the water without breaking what would be the side as of that piece oh that's a little chunk about the size of the capitol building in washington and of course only one seventh of this is above the water all the rest is beneath the water want to close yes that's the then friend salt water that's the normal condition and when they do break off as you see here again it's all like slow motion the part the part underneath breaking coming up turning over to assume it's equilibrium of one seventh above six seven below and then as you see here sometimes the city square blocks in area s finding another one sometimes will oh yes carol you know if you if you keep going all your life you live a long time well i hope that when i'm sixty six years old i'll be able to make some trips in the last year you were mentioning these orchids that you found yes you know very few people realize that along the last cup an insular you have probably one of the longest chains of volcanoes in the whole world their average thirty five miles apart for about two thousand miles and they're connected with places to because i found some huge volcanoes have blown out big a special student just comes to us this evening from mission high school here in san francisco days particularly interested in chemistry and that's doubly appropriate tonight because this week is chemical progress week our gues says very kind enough to send out a photograph of the school and always really happy to look at school photographs it's on the television screen right now that looks like quite a large building to me yes we have about two thousand students going there going to cali hope they have chemistry there he's only got your work cut out for you or you go we want to present you with a pass book that signifies the opening of a savings account in your name today by american trust company at the mission savings office here in san francisco when they from knight's ferry but sometimes these animals appear as albinos and in this next thank we have a small litter of albinos you can see they look just like the others except they're all white now these are still being fed by means of an eyedropper wait for that i had to offer and he has a cute little girl that i've seen many a day of course the adults are sometimes a vein of existence of the farmer because a he often wants to get rid of them they live very well in areas where you don't want them and then in areas where you're not so much worried about them they quite often don't fear to favor they grow quite fast a number in a litter of be anywhere from six to ten depending on the locality it's one of the pillars seems to have missed his bart i'll just bring him in here and see little fellows will hurl i hope that you have a great deal of success with your your ground girls here and will keep us informed as to how they do it is none of those all down here i'll just put him back in those cages and let us know what luck you have in raising them because a lot of people like pets and the this most certainly is a very interesting thank you great to get all of the space cadets get your equipment together because on our next program we're going to talk about the problems involved in survival at the at the high altitude in other words how you would live up on very high mountains and secondly what you would do about survival when you're traveling at very high regions in space our special guest dr john large university of california captain william orlov u s air force