gasolene powerful stuff modern magic our lives our business our cities our pattern on motor transportation which gasoline has made possible  do you realize what gasoline means to this country it has added a new freedom to our lives the freedom of movement of individual transportation anywhere and a time for everybody in america and those who make and sell gasoline perform a service not only to their communities but to the whole country but most people just don't realize how much hard work knowledge and money it takes before gasoline can come out of the p promising just like prospecting for gold in the old days only these men are scientists they think test holes and use super sensitive instruments to find out what the earth is like bar below the surface if the experts decide the results show the possibility of oil they are ready for the next step and usually they first drill a hole to get actual samples of the earth itself cars that shall exactly what the earth is like at different levels the oil engineers can tell if these samples come from a place that contains crude oil how good it is and how much there is then another big top expensive job gets underway clearing the land drilling maybe even building roads through wild rough country while drilling goes on all the time thousands of new while they're drilled every year and because of the scientific way they go about it today over half of these new well deliver our next there's the job of getting this crude oil from the well to the refineries a lot of it travels through pipes thousands of miles of pipes some pipelines extend halfway across the country and plenty of crude oil is carried in tankers they also transport finished gasoline to every part of the world these tankers bomb one of the biggest margin plates we have and the railroads they carry a while from the gathering thanks to the refinery and then gasoline from the refineries to distribution points all over america the process of refining crude oil into gasoline and other products is another big part of a big industry it takes millions and millions of dollars worth of equipment to turn out finished petroleum products it's a complicated process but not at all difficult to understand when you realize that every drop of crude oil is a mixture of many small particles or molecules they're called hydrocarbon because they are compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon the molecules bury and relative size and w and these are water used for gasoline and kerosene and similar products the very small and very light molecules are the natural gas as it comes from the well the crude oil contains molecules molecules in liquid form concentrated at the bottom of the tower and are drawn off or used as heavy oils the lighter molecules by pride and with the natural gases move to the top of the col this mixture of gases and oil divers plows into a condenser that they first condense into liquid gasoline the next step is to separate the gases bomb the gasoline this is done in a second fractionating power the gases move to the top of the tower and are drawn off the liquid gasoline concentrate at the bottom of the tower this is what we call straight run gasoline in the early days of the automobile this trade run was the only kind of gasoline we had literally cracked into smaller molecules in or near the gasoline range in the production adding to our the oil molecules tend to collect the various levels according to their size that's why they call it that fraction power the molecules collect in groups or fraction this makes it easy to take off the group of medium light molecules that are best suited for use there's cracking down these molecules are piped to a thermal cracking part whereby heat and pressure they are cracked into smaller molecules at the same time a lot of other things happen to the chemical structure of the molecules and a kind of synthetic crude oil result with molecules of all sizes but almost half of them are in the gasoline range this goes into a flash tower where the smaller molecules paper rise those that are too heavy are drawn often use that asphalt coke to r and so on cracked feel on a lighter molecules move toward the top condensed and are taken off at their proper level as thermally cracked gasoline the gases bomb during the cracking process move to the extreme top of the tower and upright on asshole to obtain more gasoline some of the cracked fuel oil is piped back to the thermal cracking plants and goes through a second cracking process again increasing the amount of gasoline obtained from a given quantity of crude oil in recent years the industry has tremendously expanded the comparatively new cracking process called catalytic cracking a catalyst is a substance which causes a desired reaction to that price without being affected itself in cracking gasoline that catalyst in the form of the are a fine powder like material in molecules down to smaller size but changes their chemical structure to make them suitable for gasoline these smaller molecules then go to a condenser where they become like quit and then do a back generating power again the liquid that is too heavy for gasoline collected the bottom and is drawn off as practically a lot of gasoline is drawn off at its proper level and this is what we call catalytically crack gasoline in many every process gases have been produced these used to be burned away as waste or use of gas but to conserve our natural resources and to obtain the largest possible amount of gasoline from the crowd while they all industry discovered how to make gasoline from some of these gases to by a process of power as a ship this is just the reverse of cracking power is a sions simply means combining very small molecules to warm larger molecules contact with a suitable catalyst usually fast boric acid a chemical reaction occurs which causes the molecules to unite and form larger molecules these larger molecules go into a fractionating to are those in the gasoline range condensed to liquid and this is drawn off as polymer gasoline those that are still too light are drawn off the top as fuel gas so we have four main types of gasoline refining processes straight run in which gasoline is they prize from crude oil by simple heating thermal cracking in which heat and pressure are used to split heavy oil molecules into smaller molecules suitable for gasoline catalytic cracking in which a catalyst is used to split heavier oil molecules and the polymer process in which small gas molecules are combined to form larger molecules and condensed  gasoline and during these past years you have seen what better gasoline has meant in producing better automobiles with engines that give increasingly better power and better performance this progress is a result of the constant endeavor of the oil and automotive companies to fit engines to fields and fuels to engines and endeavor and which ethyl research engineers today as in years that are working in close cooperation both industries and as our progressive american oil industry with a resurgent in genoa day continues to improve gasoline automotive engineers will design new and better engines capable of converting this extra  vailable power into greater efficiency more economy what bastards smaller more resilient power on the highway on the far or this is the age of modern transportation with gasoline for everybody