the committee on homeland security will come to order i'd like to thank ms jackson lead for agreeing to a tentative list up in place but it's here in case my flight didn't getting in but believe it or not we got in on time thank you very much my sax on the four for agreeing that the committee is meeting today to receive testimony from the department of homeland security and key stakeholders to better understand their efforts to communicate coordinate and collaborate on resilience as a critical part of their mission in operation i'd like to welcome this panel of esteemed individuals who are here to testify before the committe homeland security about resiliency as a world becomes increasingly more flat a primary distinction competitive nation and those nations left behind will be a nation's resilience resilience is commo defined as the ability to recover a jealous easily to misfortune change as it relates to the parliament and its functions resilience is a practice which will allow a quick return to effective if not one hundred percent normal operations in the wake of an attack or disaster today we will hear from from key partners on this issue the private sector one of the country's biggest airports and a leading expert on resilience our nation's success is in the hands of our critical partners and we have a role to play of the nation's critical infrastructure eighty five percent is owner operated by the private sector the business community must have cutting edge technology in order to effectively balance back colleges and universities must provide sound research on the latest technologies and develop curriculum to train the next generation of homeland security experts on the my leadership the committee has taken steps to further the resilience of our nation's critical infrastructure understanding that we all have a role to play this committee has taken the lead on making the necessary legislative changes earlier this year the committee adopted in reported out the chemical facility anti terrorism act of two thousand and eight which included the promotion of inherently safer technology to lower the possible consequences of an attack or accident at a facility last h r one of the nine eleven bill was signed into law and included a title that promotes the private sector preparedness volunteer certification program which encourages stakeholders to adopt standards that in shoe effective continuity and last week the subcommittee on emergency communication preparedness and response marked up h five eight nine zero the citizens community preparedness act of two thousand and eight support citizen preparedness which is a cornerstone of a resilient homeland on the other hand since an eleven this administration has focused solely on preventing the next attack and expose as opposed to how best to recover should an incident occur that of course is not the best approach we must ensure that department is properly communicating collaborating and coordinating with key stakeholders in critical partners to make sure that we as a nation for what to do after an attack resilience offers an effective metric time we know that companies can measure how long they will be down in the wake of a particular disaster and can work to minimize that time so it makes sense that the ability to manage it down time makes resilience a good security policy simply put the longer economic sector is down the more the terrorists will brag that they are successful i know that resilience is not universally applicable but where it's relevance the department must promote resilience and closing promoting resilience requires honesty with the american people through that honesty that we can provide this nation's citizens with freedom from it also ensures the involvement of critical stakeholders in keeping america strong the cio now recognizes the ranking member of the full committee the gentleman from new york mr kane for an opening statement pointed out in your remarks eighty five percent of the infrastructure of the critical infrastructure is privately owned and that probably what separates it for the largest distinction between homeland security and the traditional overseas threats we face is that until september eleventh certainly our concept of security was that we would have the military protect us and it was primarily an overseas operation done through the defense department with homeland security we realize how much of a factor not just local governments have but also private industry private sector and you're right so you can see is absolutely essential if we are to prevail against terrorism and all its forms exchange open within proximity one week of the attacks on the world trade center we saw the clearing of the area at ground zero in less than eight months where people were projecting two years but the fact is more can be done of witnesses our first witness dongles stewart baker is assistant secretary for policy at the department of homeland security mr baker will discuss how the department is promoting resilience and communicating coordinating massachusetts institute of technology he's an expert and promoting of resiliency who will discuss the importance of investing in resilience which can result in heightened security and help stakeholders gain an economically competitive advantage third witness is erroll southers chief of homeland security and intelligence to los angeles world apple police department chief saw the demonstrate how local governments are implementing policies of resilience to ensure the continuity of operation for the witness dr susan bailey vice president global network operations planning a t bailey will outline how her company's approach to protecting its network and responding to disasters is a best practice model fifth witness is vice president government relations s america i miss ana will broadly discuss resilience and the global supply chain of command is pleased to have you here as our panel of witnesses without objection the witnesses full statement will be inserted in the record i now recognize each witness to summarize for five minutes beginning with the system secretary baker thank you chairman thompson ranking member king distinguished members of the committee i'm pleased to appear before you today to talk about how the department of homeland security can build a resilient homeland everyone i believe understands the department's primary mission to be preventing acts of terrorism we must make every effort to stop an attack but i think everyone also recognizes that that is not enough we have to do more we have to recognize that stopping every terrorist attack may not be possible and certainly we're not going to stop every natural disaster that means that we have to be prepared to have a plan for and be prepared for what happens the day after the hour after the minute after an attack or a natural disaster and we have to be prepared in a way that allows us to bounce back quickly from the consequences of the attack or the disaster that's resilience and it's a vital part of our mission as the department of homeland security i want to begin by giving credit to the committee for having a hearing on this topic it's absolutely essential topic it's one that  should inform every aspect of the department's policy and it's not something that receives attention every day we're looking forward to the month of hearings that will address these issues across the board of the department as we thought about how to promote resilience least in the department we have begun with what we think are our strengths as a nation where a free and independent people and we are served by a free market and those actually turn out to be the central elements of a resilient response to disaster there is no government in the world that can respond as creatively and as quickly as individuals who are  risk concerned with the well being of their families their businesses and their communities and what we need to do as a government is play a role that allows those individuals allows those businesses to respond quickly and creatively  their own to disasters but in the framework that we have created that will encourage creativity and give people the tools that they need to respond so as we have thought about  resilience we think of it in terms of providing tools including new technologies to individuals and businesses so they can respond creatively as individuals and businesses and secondly creating a kind of order and infrastructure that allows people to focus on the response to the disaster and not on self protection not on  to make their telephones work i'll just give two examples of the kinds of things that we think contribute to resilience and then of course after the opening states statements will be glad to elaborate on in response to questions  e information the kinds of information that people need to respond on their own and creatively to disasters i think was bitterly illustrated during the california wildfires that we  had just recently when the government used reverse nine one one to send warnings to people based on where their homes were about the progress of the fires so that they could send them evacuation mesh messages that were tailored specifically to where they war that's taking of technology we're very familiar with nine one one flipping it around and using it to send messages to people so that they can evacuate on their own instead of the government taking responsibility for trying to evacuate each person were verse nine one one as i think just an example of the kinds of technologies that we can make available to people in a disaster that will allow cellphone all of those are tools that in an emergency can help people respond understand where the danger is what kinds of responses are available and allows them to quickly self organize and self rescue government also i think has a role in addition to sponsoring some of these new technologies in providing the infrastructure of order and the basic communication techniques that people will need in order to most effectively self to recover from much katrina and the concerns that were raised by public order breakdowns and the extent of the effort that people put into protecting themselves from what were thought to be breakdowns in order we are looking at the possibility and i've asked the assistant secretary for state local law enforcement to look at it of using volunteers from other state and local law enforcement agencies to come to the disruptions my comments are based on a large research project at mit for years that resented in a book called the resilient enterprise that many look at how companies should play in and work towards many of these cases there's public fear if you think about the nine one one if you think about sars if you think about chernobyl there are you know issues of public fear which sometimes lead is maybe less popular here too wrong government reaction government action that exasperates the situation not always of course but in many cases and again we can talk about many examples from other countries from the u s were government reaction actually made the situation worse to more points we live in a connected  world and aids disruptions usually propagate very quickly throughout the nation throughout the world and finally i just want to say that what the probability usually for specific disruption of specific data specific point is very small when run when one runs a global enterprise like general motors or procter and gamble or intel the probability that something bad happened sometimes it's not small at all it's pretty significant and that's kind of lean the whole notion of resilience and it does happen and the question is how to respond the first step of course as was mentioned is trying to avoid the disruption to first place and that was the of this was the focus of the of the department of homeland security  specifically doing it terrorist attack but if you talk about you know random events in accidents the whole idea there is resilience how to bounce back because one can hardly influence the probability or the likelihood of a hurricane hitting the question is how do we respond to that and in some sense we are starting to shift our thinking about intention disruption like terrorism to exactly the same mode of thinking some of this will happen how do we respond and it does not have to happen in the home in their home not mentioned and this is i mean the worst disruption is not what people think about a nuclear holocaust but a disruption when their organisation under attack doesn't know that they're under attack until it's too late think about a biological agent a chemical agent it does not really feel until enough people are affected basically through a year to think about disruption you think about two ways to prepare for a response the first one is redundancy the second is flexibility these are really the only two classes of actions that one can take redundancies having extra inventory extra capacity extra of something it's an expensive way to do it but we do it in many cases the other way is the other way to think about it to build flexibility to build the ability to respond and most of my work is in the private sector and i have a whole book that talks about  corporate culture because aside from all the technical and how you build process it is an issue of how to build corporate culture which is based on continuous communication based on distributing power decision making power to the lowest level in the organisation there is out there many organisation where people are passionate about what they do then i'll be very resilient there's an element of difference to expertise again they don't have time expanded when you see  based counterterrorism strategies and best practices we've engaged in at the los angeles world airports we've placed a high priority on the opportunity to explore and experiment with possible solutions for as my very dear friend and colleague in israel dr boskin always reminds me at the end of the day all disciplines are related to terrorism however as my colleagues in london who i spent last week with an m i five in new scotland yard will tell you those agencies also the capability to detect as well as recover from disruptive challenges this morning i'd like to share with you counterterrorism professionals in charge security at the los angeles international airport and economic anchor for southern california this resulted in a model consisting of a protective design under the looney leadership of the paradigm of the mayor's appointee director james t butts j a former fifteen year police chief with for thirty four years a law enforcement experience l a x is safer today than it was eighteen months ago under their leadership we've embarked upon a more contemporary and holistic approach to airport policing this prototype is capable of intelligence analysis information sharing and facilitates the seamless integration of critical infrastructure protection we have embraced the mantra of thinking locally and acting globally this year al qaida celebrates twentieth anniversary a terrorist organization cannot exist for two decades without being adaptive innovative and flexible the group's capacity to survive is also a direct reflection of both its resilience and the continued residence of its ideology however attackers must conduct surveillance and reconnaissance in order to be successful it's a proven fact that randomness increases security a team of researchers at the homeland security for center for risk and economic analysis of terrorism events create led by d work with our department to develop armor assistant for randomized motoring over routes this software randomizes are vehicle checkpoints along airport access roads and the deployment of our explosive detection canine teams throughout the airport peroxide based explosives represent a new major growing challenge to homeland security we're involved in an international project researching the properties detection technology and risk assessment approx side based explosives this research leverage is the combined talents of world renowned israeli experts methodology and optimize deployment strategies for resilience against these attacks leslie l e x was selected by d h s to join san francisco international airport s f o as a pilot site for the chemical biological operational technology and processes to rapidly restore a critical transportation facility after a chemical agent attack upon completion l a x will be the only airport facility in this country with vetted chemical and biological restoration plans a few of our efforts which of align the international academic and operational counterterrorism community during the last month include briefing our best practices in canada great britain israel jordan spain thailand and china we've assessed the terrorism counter measures in place for the upcoming two thousand and eight beijing olympics and we have our command staff attending the executive program in counterterrorism at u s c and a national counterterrorism academy for us war is finite for the terrorist wars perpetual terrorist organizations are becoming increasingly sophisticated in communications and security awareness we should learn from failed as well as successful attacks because while our vulnerabilities are limited our resources are not sustainability is a critical element of resiliency also our intelligence efforts should work on building capacity from the bottom up local law enforcement this progress being made by the problem of security at the russian this committee has been noteworthy it is an honor a privilege to be invited to testify to contribute to the collective national security effort  committee my name's dr susan daley and i'm a vice president thank you eighteenth vice president for global network operations planning and in that role i'm responsible for designing a t n t s unified network operations model which includes our networks business continuity and disaster recovery in addition i have direct operational experience in addressing some of the worst national disasters in recent years as the nation's largest communications company and a major global carrier eighteen sees a critical link in keeping our society connected especially during disasters we recognize that within our footprint we provide lifeline and emergency communication services for the communities and people in our in our footprint in addition we also recognize that on our infrastructure key government agencies and all of the major critical infrastructures in our economy provide or use our infrastructure for carrying their mission critical applications and communication services so we recognize firsthand that people's lives and safety as well as the very function of our government and our economy depends on a t n t s ability to maintain our network infrastructure and in the services we provide we take this responsibility very seriously and we approach disaster preparedness as a fundamental operational requirement that we architect into the core of our network and how we approach our operations now eighteen c focuses our business continuity approach on functional resiliency as distinguished from asset protection we certainly do take action to protect our assets but the notion of functional resiliency is that our mission critical functions can already forward and can be sustained despite the loss of individual assets so we design our network or work centers and the operational processes within them as well as our support systems and our information technology with backup plans and alternate arrangements so that we can sustain those mission critical applications and operations despite the loss of individual assets now since it's very seasonal that the two thousand and eight hurricane season is fast approaching right around the corner i thought i'd say a few words about some of the things they t n t s doing to prepare for the upcoming hurricane season now of increased volumes on our wireless network we've taken action to expand our capacity to be prepared for the increased load that we would project in a disaster scenario in addition hurricanes are  largely power events for us where you know we we lose commercial power and need to sustain our network despite the loss of commercial power so we put a lot of energy upfront into validating the readiness of our power in infrastructure with respect to having extended life battery topping off our fuel tanks testing our generators deploying more generators both on a permanent basis as well as mobile generators that we can move around to our locations as we need to and in some cases we've actually installed permanent generators that run on natural gas which frees us up from the need to having to refuel those generators and we maintain a large fleet of mobile disaster recovery trailers that are basically a central offices on wheels along with emergency communication vehicles mobile command centers hazmat equipment decontamination trailers and  we look at the profile of where we've got that equipment as it's located in warehouses around the country and around the world and we'll actually pre planned and dispatch additional equipment towards the southeast so it is ready to be deployed on short notice though in the area of cyber security a t t has unique capabilities on both the prediction and prevention as well as on the mitigation and response on the predictive side we have the ability to pattern and profile our our network traffic on our internet backbone based on time of day day of week and type of traffic from point to point and when we know what normal looks like we have the ability to text abnormalities such as hackers that are testing out their malicious code or or or probing the network looking for vulnerabilities and we use that ability to detect abnormalities to give us that advance alert so that we can take action in advance to protect our network before the actual launch of a cyber attack you know on the on the mitigation and response side particular internet ip address that consumes that machine with having to respond to lots of brief inquiries we have the ability from the core of our network to redirect traffic towards traffic back towards its ultimate destination thank you very much and i'm looking forward to entertaining questions recognize in a song to summarize his statement for five minutes thank you mr chairman ranking member king and members of the committee i am pleased to address the need to broaden u s homeland security policy to include resilience which in simplest terms is the ability to resume activities after an attack or a disaster like nine eleven or a hurricane like katrina at this time i would have i have a longer version of my testimony which i would like to submit for the record my name is mary arnold and i'm vice president of government relations for s a p s a p is the world's leading provider of business software solutions for government and private enterprise we have more than fourteen thousand five hundred supply chain management customers in all markets sectors because business continuity and supply chain management are critical to our customers we understand the need for information technology that resiliency and redundancy today much of the global supply chains critical components are in private hands certainly u s industry needs to take a proactive role in developing deploying and exercising plans that will ensure that a disruption in the supply chain will not result in a crippling blow to their respective businesses but government is also a critical player although we cannot predict or prevent every potential disaster we can identify our vulnerabilities in a variety of scenarios and take steps to reduce them with the right information technology redundancy solutions and highly diverse continuity of operations plans last month i led a panel in new york with other corporate executives on the hot how to build a resilient nation by enhancing security and ensuring a strong economy there were three very important lessons learned first there are no one size fits all solutions supply chain link thousands of companies in hundreds of industries in dozens of countries supply chains must work seamlessly across all these borders while there are core elements to all supply chains what works for one company may not work for another critical components for success include flexibility adaptivity and resilience solutions our public for example during hurricanes katrina and rita a global chemical manufacturer required real time information regarding goods and materials on ships scheduled to dock and used in a new orleans a primary concern was the risk to the environment should shipments become lost at sea because of the adaptive business network and their ability to monitor the supply chain from end to end real time the company was able to determine which ships were still in port which were in transit and which had already reached houston a new orleans within twenty four hours of katrina hitting the gulf coast the company received a complete listing of container ship meant that had arrived prior to the hurricane because the software was able to show when a container leaves the port when it reaches its destination and when it clears customs this chemical company was able to determine the location of their ships in harms way and reroute them accordingly third lesson we need to consider how to incorporate our global trading partners into our resiliency chain planning there are critical assets necessary for recovery located outside of the united states these two could be vulnerable to natural or manmade disasters global collaboration will be necessary to ensure our ability to recover and move forward the government's role and resiliency chain planning is to balance the interests of stakeholders that broad objectives and strategies and provide oversight the private sector can provide the means in the execution by working together and leveraging the strengths of each we can accomplish a great deal to improve our national resilience the private sector can be a great partner to the government in developing solutions to capitalize on existence and on existing resiliency chains using commercial off the shelf technology products the industry provide solutions which also reduce time cost and complexity technology solutions to port to support resiliency chains we believe should have the following characteristics the solutions must take in vast amounts of detailed data analyze it and return valuable information to the user these solutions also must integrate information across many large interconnected enterprise they must be based on global standards and reflect an open architecture that can taken data from legacy systems as well as the latest technology solutions and finally such solutions must be technologically agnostic they must work with one another open standard technologies and not be based on one mode of communication such as a hard wired telephone grid which may fail in a disaster in conclusion securing our homeland requires the ability to respond to and recover quickly from a catastrophic event strengthening the resilience of the nation must be a critical component of our homeland security policy in order to ensure resiliency and recovery we must develop public private partnerships that utilize the resources of both factors in play to their strengths we must develop and deploy new technologies that will ensure that we build greater redundancy in our key infrastructure and distribution systems most importantly we must put our efforts toward building public private partnerships which provide the knowledge and tools to confront any challenge that we may face i commend you mr chairman and all members of this committee for seeking ways to improve the national ability to recover quickly from a catastrophic event we had f a p believe that resiliency must be at the center of u s homeland security planning and we stand ready to participate in any and all efforts to achieve this important goal and i would be pleased to happy to answer any questions thank you very much and i'd like to thank all the witnesses for their testimony and i remind each member that he or she will have five minutes to question the panel now recommend myself for questions mr baker you talked a little bit about how your office promotes resilience in your  opening statement can you identify a particular department component in a department which you think is an example of resili point to which is a joint effort by the coast guard and see b p is preparing for the possibility that our ports would be disrupted by an act of terrorism or a natural disaster b p and the coast guard have set up mechanisms by which people who are coming to a port can learn what the status of the port is and then can report back to the b p and the coast guard about what alternate ports they intend to use this allows trade a lot of flexibility in deciding where they're going to go based on on what the market calls for but because they're in constant communication with the coast guard and the b p it allows the coast guard and c b p to move their assets quickly to new ports of entry to handle the new load that would come as a result of that ship thank you some things you think congress as a body s to be part of all of disaster planning all of the planning for an event and it it's something that requires that you ask in the emergency how can we help individuals and businesses make good decisions on their own and there's no one solution to that but i think drawing attention to the importance of resilience does help all of our planners address that issue they're not out of business and they run the whole plant to forty eight hours of exercise in trying to qualify new supplies quarterfinal transportation routes and plant managers bonuses are based on it now that's a they do a lot of it's a you know very good example there are companies that there we cast our lot with the rest of them so there is such a wide variety in what you see i can say that the good news something you think congress could do to encourage resiliency outside of government to say we think it's good for you to there be some mechanism for the public sector to have the private sector invest in significant redundant capacity because this cost money the part where the where companies  and have them said is creating flexibility because if one creates flexibility to be able to respond to disruption by this at the same token one creates looks ability to respond to the marketplace to demand and this one thing that is clear in all markets today a demand is fluctuating more and more there's more and more uncertainty in demand in companies that can respond better to demand the competitive pressures to all kind of changes are better off in the marketplace and can increase market share and they've been quite a few examples of companies are doing disruptions actually increase market share because they were better prepared thank you my time is expired the ranking member for committed german from new york for s the importance of planning and exercising for events so that it's not as dr sheppey said it's not the theory of how you respond it's it's a response you've actually practice you get older it gets harder to learn except by doing i find going through exercises as a way of ensuring that the government actually has a flexible response is probably the most important thing that a new administration can do i know the department has made a concerted effort to increase cooperation between federal state and local governments as far as sharing intelligence as far as working together  to head off attacks when it comes to the issue of resilience how how much cooperation is there between the state government and the private sector i think our cooperation is good through fusion centers we've come to know a lot of the participants in this process and as you know the congress created in the system the secretary of state and local law enforcement put that office in in my office we have appointed te sexton former sheriff from alabama to that job and his first task is to look at the question of how do we build resiliency for law enforcement so that neighboring jurisdictions can supply  enforcement packages to communities in need on a fast basis but on organized basis so it isn't just individual police officers showing up without support that's something that we are working on and expect to have a proposal or in the next few months so that's something that i think will add greatly to state and local cooperation with the federal government in providing the fundamental order that allows people very unique opportunity to in addition to being chief of intelligence and homeland security and also an associate director of the center of excellence u s c one of the things that we have done is leveraged their research capabilities what we're calling translational research research that's going directly from the laboratory to the field and to people who are operational we've got thirteen centers of excellence that with all due respect probably house the best and brightest people in this country researching homeland security solutions and i think we should perhaps leverage those centers with our critical infrastructure sites that need that capability and that knowledge to test out possible solutions for resilience who we have a man enabled or natural disaster the second item is in the area of intelligence it might be a wise suggestion or move to embed our regional security advisors meaning the protective security advisors t s a and surface transportation advisors within the local fusion centers we have the unique fortune l or every agency of government at our airport and so our relationship and our communication in terms of intelligence is pretty seamless but i think if we were able to embed these folks into the fusion center we would then be able to enhance our risk decision making with intelligence led decision making as they're doing in london and in israel and i think here is something more specific maybe because a born in a different country and spent a lot of time in europe i was struck in the united united states you see it but there's no and use it in addition to this in as far as the privacy and provide some or some type of regulation some type of incentive for drilling and sometimes mordant porton aftermath than the ability to get back up on your feet seems to be an american challenge certainly we'd like to think it's an american value as well let me just start quickly and i have a series of rapid fire questions on this arnold just to ask you directly do you think that part of homeland security has adequately focused on promoting resilience do you think the word is out that getting back on your feet is just as important as being able to counter the attack that may occur but resilience in starting back up is crucial do you get a sense that there is that kind of focus at the department of homeland security i  believe that both congress and the department are keenly aware that this needs to be addressed and there is an understanding that there needs to be a collaboration and a streamline of communication what do you see pacifically that gives you and gives you the sense that that is happening in that you giving me that response what is there concretely that suggests that that is the case nothing than just conversations with staff at this point let me move to mr baker and ask the question about resilience and for you to give us some of the examples i guess you stated some of them in your statement that some again concrete examples and then results of the agency's emphasis on resilience as a thank  you as i said we think that in many cases the key to resilience is to give people good information and to make sure that they have the freedom to act on that information in the business context us canada border economically and the smooth flow of traffic across that border even after an event on the question of how will we resume traffic if there's been any interruption and again we have protocols designed to make sure that information gets to people who are coming across the border so they can plan they can adjust on their own to changes as a result of a natural disaster or an act of terrorism let me i'm just ask if you could come in and writing maybe some more concrete broader responses to resilience as relates to a broader sector and i will just leave that on the record and ask to have that in writing let me ask dr shafi and then i know his name has been pronounced in many different ways but let me welcome you and ask quickly if you look to new orleans and you look particularly to the health care sector there is no effective running ha so the public hospital is not opened what is your response to the h s is focus on resilience and do you think that is a good showing on resilience when a city now three years late does not have a functioning public health sector have questioned i can only say that  public wants the government to prevent if it's actually as the chairman said before it's taking talking truth to the population saying look we will not be able to prevent a hundred percent that's not a stance that many executives like to take because in some sense even talking about resiliency is admitting that failure is an option and it's much much better to cut a much so you think we have cracks in the armor when you don't have a functioning hospital sr system that means that we have we we have a weak response in resilience of course and let me add my time is short and so there's let me just quickly ask you your experience regarding resilience in other countries where there's been terrorist acts so you have any sense of that that could be helpful to us yes particularly in israel they have a national resilience everyone there is a first responder should there be an incident everyone understands what to do their most important function in that country is a psychological impact that's going to be minimized by getting operations back in order same with london and the bombing that they had there getting things back in order is very important and so one of the things we're trying to do here as we respond to threats we understand threats can actually cripple the aviation domain we're trying to be more intelligence driven so that we can minimize the disruption and minimize the economic consequence consequences of an attack or the threat of an attack system so those two countries in particular are certainly models of resilience as relates to commerce between the united states and canadian border because i come from michigan of course a border state and in my immediate vicinity we have the ambassador bridge which is the busiest commercial artery on the northern tier of the nation with the tunnel to windsor underneath the detroit river in my immediate district we have the blue water bridge which is the second busiest commercial artery on the northern tier and is the only one where you can transit hazardous material as well as the c n rail tunnel that runs under the thing clear river which is the busiest rail entry into our nation and immediately across think claire river if you were a good golfer you could hit with a golf ball i couldn't but somebody who was a good golfer could hit the largest concentration of petrochemical plants i think outside of new jersey in our nation as well so we have a number of unique dynamics there and i will my question is going to go to how the department actually works with the local communities with the local common counties the states in particular and their response mechanisms and their planning process it's my understanding that each of their respective states are responsible for constructing their own plan in regards to identify and soft targets the vail can congress do to assist the department and the states we do work closely with the states on their plans we reviewed them we talked to them about them that we have to recognize that in an emergency the state is the first responder the local government is the first responder governors are quite jealous of their own authority to respond and have a great confidence in their ability to respond and so we have to defer to their initial decision is about how to handle  particular emergencies but we've also learned the importance of having a very good plan that has been properly reviewed and exercise and we work closely with the states to encourage them to do that we provide funding that assist them in preparing those plans and then through fusion centers and the homeland security advisers we provide a great deal of intelligence about the nature of the threat that they ought to be responding to and preparing for  just raised that question because i mentioned to you about the blue water bridge several years ago i personally went looked at the by a dock the under under body of the bridge on the canadian side where they had concrete banknotes around all the via appeared to me from a layman's term that they were fully prepared yet on the american side in the michigan site there was nothing and i personally called the department transportation said for goodness sake get some concrete the bank ment's around here can imagine someone blows up one of these viaduct what it would do to the economics of the nation because both the genesis of i think the ninth and i ninety four at the foot of that bridge is well obviously huge a trade route so i just wondered how the how the committee worked with that if i could because in my time here i was very interested in your reference about the reverse nine one one and could you sort of flesh that out for me a bit is this is something that was just working in california i wasn't familiar with it isn't happening around the nation it is it is technology that was developed privately by  company that is now being rolled out in a variety of places i think the companies from indiana it is it's a very valuable opportunity to communicate with citizens but it's really just the beginning  all of us now carry cell phones that are capable of receiving messages that are targeted to at least very broadly the location because the cell tower that we're all in communication with is a local spot that can be identified it is true that cell phones stop working in emergencies but text messages are much more likely to get through developing mechanisms and standards for communicating to people in an emergency what we know using text messages and perhaps getting text messages back is something that we are exploring quite actively right now thank you very much i guess i have twenty seconds left so i would make one comment to dr shah as well and i appreciate your comment about all the volunteer as an america has and its throw generations that has always been a part of our strength but i do i would say that i think the american red cross is a mechanism that we resilient is reception of activities and seventy two hours does that matter it makes sense to god can we go to the next no seventy two hours can may be over too long one has to live within one means you know eighteen to understand their own technology better than anybody and the question is really what did we did what would it take you want to get back within  but every company has to balance you know risks shareholders customers and eighty and the like any other company i'm sure does this type of damage the role of the government coming back to one of the thank you what i can tell you that how we look at our software solutions are very holistic enterprise wide from the tree top level down to the most granular down to a been in your warehouse and most of the software is is provided with automatic alerts and so rather than waiting for a full blown issue to arise what we find with our software is that in many cases you're alerted to a small glitch before comes a major problem and then as it escalates if it shouldn't be solved at that level then everybody from the plant manager all the way up to the c e o can be notified and one of the things that  i say p does in our software is go through various scenarios what if this what if that what are other suppliers as you know the supplier goes down you can actually have visually go on to your plant floor and if you have an engine that is overheated in a critical part of your manufacturing plant you can then switch that engine off and then go to another so i guess what we would argue that we provide is  real time data to our customers as possible so that they can react quickly and collaboratively collaboratively and with all of their partners but is that resilience client or is that just the procedure i mean resilience seems to be able to bounce back after something to happen sure but what is the metric for that that s a p s what we would say from from a resilience standpoint again it's having redundancy and  again our when you have we break out the whole solutions so that with when a company is making their planning processes if supply a goes away then generally they'll have the ability to have been identified i think that the department of homeland security is extremely sensitive to what's going on and is certainly addressing making every attempt to address those needs at this point and i think that the dialogue just beginning and we'll continue to do so the intelligence the information you receive from from t s a and d h s s intelligence community cetera timeliness that we have it l e x is quite extraordinary we have officers that are in the fusion centers pointed to both the joint terrorism task force and the joint regional intelligence center they certainly could be enhanced as i mentioned earlier if some of the d h s s assets were imbedded in those centers as well and also if some of our officers were given additional opportunities to staff those centers but it's been seamless as a great result due to the joint terrorism task force and the fact we're actually sitting in the same room sharing the information thank you the for the questions mister thank you we now in fact we had in an exercise so that we held in the washington d c metropolitan area about a year or two ago we had participation from the department of homeland security specifically to trial some credentialing technologies and capabilities they do share information with the department of homeland security yes absolutely we telecommunications and it is again a five as the telecommunications coordinating council participating participants include all the major carriers as well as  socials it's been in existence for many many decades and it has served to be extremely helpful in preparing us and able enough to coordinate to be prepared as well as to coordinate after an event to share information to  to get information about for example in katrina where exactly is the water so that we can see what pieces of our infrastructure might be vulnerable just as recommended expanding the notion of those sector coordinating councils across all the major critical infrastructures and i highly support that kind of an approach it's been very helpful secretary baker i believe since the attacks of nine eleven two thousand and one we have all said that that involves the community regional regional planning squeeze my back and work here and train volunteers i'm talking about the duncan doctor mentioned volunteers two issues i want i'd like to talk to you about there's a story in the paper today us today and we did a headline korea hospitals can't handle attacks very interesting review this is one aspect of it but i think that it is very very very reflective we can they can even withstand an attack from a monist a modest terrorist attack in fact of the numerous cities that were  involved the seven major u s cities washington minneapolis los angeles chicago denver use the new york they have a total of less one hundred beds were vacant on the day that they chose to do this test walk twenty fifth at four thirty in the afternoon this is a disaster it is unacceptable we knew about a six years ago there's no reason to here whatsoever these are hospitals that were very interesting survey but what's more interesting is that this administration wants to cut medicaid dollars which in the words of irwin redlener who's the director of the national center for disaster preparedness at columbia university new york would even make matters even worse we have a he says a real really serious catastrophic acute event a nuclear detonation or widespread chemical attack we have thousands of victims simultaneously there is no urban area that  prepared for large scale disasters why on to those circumstances the behavior would begin ministration be recommending cuts in medicaid which will only make the situation worse and exacerbated explosion is not an answer to to our needs we will have to respond by using every available facility including prisons and schools as hospitals  county emergency system and i called up the hospitals and i said we have a plane crash we need immediately we need beds and what they did is they him they said they stopped all the elective surgery for the next three days and immediately freed up bed number a large number of resiliency mr chairman is a beautiful word multiple syllables sounds good very important very very very significant i like the work i like the four or five minutes thank you mr chairman let me just sort of change the conversation a little different area but it deals with the same problem because i'm always interested in how homeland security can address the safety the security of schools or school children visit a part of this country and the critical part we can to forget in new york the schools were disrupted and children were for a long period of time we did hear a lot about that but it was and specifically whether it be a natural or manmade it is still a problem and because it's important to get communities back flowing and working and if you have children parents understand th said when i was making my early statement that we recognize that if resiliency depends on some central government making all the decisions we will always have a brittle system not a resilient system we have to allow local decisionmaking create the creativity to respond to local conditions and that includes the creativity to come up with particular solutions that reflect the educational institutions that are in the area so we encourage local planning for  local disasters and then we will back the schools up and we will back the communities up with stafford act funding and responses in the event of an emergency we can help them with the planning we can't do and shouldn't do the many gated and how can we work to develop plans for schools to bounce back after we have these to sasha's you talk about how important it is so what are what are some of the things we can do or should doing congressman i think one of the things that i would suggest is that you look to the country of switzerland switzerland about three years ago built a centralized system to coordinate medical response to large scale crisis is and during that program what they pulled together was their fire brigade their medical teams their first responders their emergency control centers and they centralized it into one web based seem and they found they did a medical analogy that most people saw for the greatest injuries within the first the first sixty minutes of the being injured and so their main mission was to get people treated before sixty minutes was up when they first started out they literally had to make as somebody said earlier phone calls to say do you have a bad in your district because i've got a burn victim or i've got a car fatality blah blah blah once this became automated with a supply chain management system you had an end and visual where your hospital centers were where your fire brigades were and you c them in the most facts and fast and effective means you could determine based on the casualty which hospital was best suited to take the injured individual and also the first responders were able to look at a what we called a standardized best practice so you know if this then do that and so it kind of brought everybody into the mode and then on top of that they were able to manage their beds and i thought about that example when as i read that article this morning about our beds being in such short supply so i really think we need to happen as centralization a standard of data going into that central  repository that it needs to be easy to use so that all levels can tap into it it can be web based and that there need to be some you know standard practices and that you have a full in real time scenario where your assets are and how you can best deploy them and whether it's a school system or god forbid a flight go down or you can see how this is very scalable in fact it went live in two thousand  and they did a demonstration at the world economic forum in two thousand and five so there are examples now granted switzerland has a very small country they only have twenty six as they call them can tons or administrative reasons but i do think there's some lessons to be learned and one that we can import back to this country thank you thank you very much ms ali and staff member will talk to you a little bit after the hearing about  is i think where we need to be focusing we know that you can't protect us one hundred percent prevent one hundred percent and bioterrorism we know we don't we have no clue what the bug might be or how it might be altered and both from real life experiences and from some of the exercises that we've held we know that our weakness has been in recovery and that's resilience and we've seen the department move away from things like something that i know from my district project impact where we set up public private partnerships ahead of time to mitigate and to you know strengthen the ability to be resilience in communities so that's  i'm glad we're having this hearing i want to go back as you can imagine to the hospital issue and in most of those situations not only are there no beds but there are people in the emergency room waiting for beds so you know it's  not really that easy to to move people around but what every time we look at the department's budget the budget for health and the the  of the budget set aside for health and hospitals does not reflect the importance of having helping our hospitals to become  resilient are you seeing any change in that as we get ready for the next year i'll be glad to address that i think that we have reflected in the last few years the importance of the health issue and the resources that are brought to bear in the event of bio event some sort including a natural section and we created an office of health affairs  budget for that has increased significantly and it's given been given new authorities and we appreciate that but it doesn't help us out in the different cities i remember going to  don't have the ability to say we should have twice as many hospitals will fund them and have them on the shelf waiting for an event we have to encourage local governments and states to plan with the resources they have and to come up with a mechanism for dealing with emergencies and i would just say that while i don't pretend to be an expert i think h h s knows much more about this than i do about the ins and outs of  particular hospital vail ability in the event of a crisis the fact is that every hospital even if they have a crowded emergency room has elective surgery candidates who are showing up every day and i know i've had  had shoulder surgery probably five years ago and if somebody had called me up and said we've had a plane go down and we've given your bed to somebody who was burned in that accident i would have understood and waited another six months for sort of shoulder surgery so we do have had set up where we are supposed to be able to know hospital bed capacity in every hospital in every state city and be able to to utilize that and then in a operation i don't know whether it has all of the information talked about and thank you mr chairman thank you very much we now recognize the gentleman from washington state mr dix for five minutes and our job is to be prepared for an attack and to think about that and we have a rather detailed plan for delivering countermeasures including the doxycycline to the area where an attack is occurred but as you say if you don't get them within a matter of hours it doesn't make any difference and this is and so in those cases i would go back and argue that maybe may be in the toll of communications area you can restore something in seventy two hours in this area unless you give the people the pills within a matter of hours they're going to die i could not agree more  and so prevention looks on a lot better option to me than something you know i mean you could call it resilience whatever you want to call it but it's not going to work and people are going to die the faster we can get the these countermeasures in people's hands after an attack the better and while we do have a plan for delivering them having them actually on hand in the home in the office this is a very prudent step for people to take i want to be cautious about that because  having and i bow ticks on hand and taking them for something other than a serious event could build resistance to antibiotics which of course is a major concern of the public health community they've been very cautious about recommending that people keep these stores in their home but we are working with them now to see if there isn't a an appropriate solution for that problem because of the importance of responding very quickly to an aerosolized anthrax attack how many years do you think it will take to get an answer i'm hoping for an answer in months rather than years is anybody else there want to comment on this what i consider to be a dilemma i mean if you can't i mean to me it seems as if prevention is in this is critical maybe some areas you know telecommunications yes you can restore that  and it's not the end of the world but in some areas you know if you don't prevent the accident a lot of people are going to die and just as dumb of new jersey points out we don't have the vase i happen to be one of those people by the way i was on  having an operation when i was twenty four years old i was actually on the operating table and there was an earthquake in seattle and the dust fell and the pain felt and and they took me out and they and they opened up the facility in case there were emergency victims so that does can work but that would be such a small number of beds i mean if you had a catastrophic attack on washington d c i'm not sure that's that that policy is going to get you very far absolutely we would have to turn to a whole host of other alternative vision well mr chairman i'm resilience may be the word for the day but i'm for prevention and i think prevention still is should ill i've not been here i have gone through the testimony of the witnesses so let me ask a somewhat of a general question that is this with certain elements of our private infrastructure the immediacy of getting their function back up is part and parcel of their of what they do financial institutions  if they were disrupted for more than twenty four forty eight seventy two hours it really affects them and so it seems to me that bill olding in resiliency to make sure that doesn't happen can be justified as part of the bottom line similar with telecommunications companies but there are a whole other set of infrastructure in the united states where the immediacy perhaps is not such that it would be readily apparent and accepted in the bottom line so what do we do as a government to work with the private sector what incentives do we need or what regulatory mechanisms do we need such that resilien understood in today's discussions would make sense from a corporate decision making standpoint to to go to the bottom line and i hope i'm clear on that question but it's one that is  intrigued me for some time on the one hand we understand that eighty five percent or whatever the number is eighty five eighty seven ninety percent of critical infrastructure is actually owned by the private sector but sometimes the kinds of things that we need to do to protect against terrorist attack or to respond to a terrorist attack or other kind of abnormality which would cause disruption is difficult to calculate in the bottom line and i presume for corporate leaders to be able to justify to their stockholders and therefore it seems to me there must be a role that the government should play but i'm not sure exactly what that should be and i wonder  if the panelists might have a comment on that on try to to answer first the phone i'm not sure that there are such assets in today's we've gone through with twenty twenty five years of making corporations very lean and very you know using low inventory using just in time which means that assets are used to live extensively which means that whatever the company's doing whatever the enterprise is doing is geared adding to the bottom line so it's not clear that there are examples where assets are just standing there yet they're important for national resilience and companies wouldn't care about it it's not clear t they lose revenue so it's not clear that there are many assets in the private sectors that are not tied directly to the video stream of this of that company or other words i don't think there's any government needs to do to  raise the visibility of that issue to corporate america in the area of infrastructure no i guess what happened is we talked before about an example that  responsibility however if the government will make a statement that the you know forty one hours you know is the right number and have some both regulations and incentive to do it they change the  a very good point it's very hard though for the government to have an overarching standard for exactly how resilient a particular industry ought to be because that will change as people's perception of the risk changes the financial institutions that today have warm back up centers that are ready to take over all their transactions of the on an instant did not have that on september eleven and it was only the realized ation of how at risk they were that led them to adopt much more extensive redundant systems on the other hand the market punishes failure to prepare for this and rewards a company that prepares wal mart did an excellent job of responding to katrina using their very extensive i t system so that they had people and stores and delivery trucks ready to reopen almost immediately after the hurricane passed through and as a result made a lot more money than their competitors who were slower off the mark so at least one of the things the government ought to do is to be as transparent as possible given the fact that we don't want to give away intelligence secrets but to to inform those who have critical infrastructure as well as the general public that the nature of threats the extent of the nature of that threat and so forth i think that's exactly right we can we can point out threats that the private sector may not be aware of problems that we see we we have recently addressed the question of what will happen in the event of a v and flu a pandemic  in which everybody really should stay home and work from home that's fine that's that's that's a great new technology that we can use to avoid people coming into contact with each other on necessarily but right now the telecommunications infrastructure does not fully support that and we need to address that thank you thank you gentlemen time is expired but we now recognize the gentleman from texas mr green for five minute thank you mr chairman and i thank the witnesses for the testimony that we've heard ms arnall if i may do you have a person within your operation who is charged with resilience implementation we actually have a number of not one specific person who's charged with resiliency but we divide up the industries into twenty six actors and then we work with if i may do a quick follow up i ask about a specific individual because if the if some branch of government wanted to contact your company what that person then called twenty six different people or is there a person that would be called there would be if it was public sector yes there would be a public sector and a person that you would call so you do have a person that is available for the federal government to contact correct if they want to talk about public sector solution and does that person have someone at the federal level that he or she can immediately contact a name and means of contact communication with that with someone at the federal level that is already known to you we i'm not sure i understand the question well what i'm getting at is if you needed help yesterday and you wanted to get over to someone in the department of homeland security do you now know the name of the person or the the organization that you would immediately call is that already in place we worked extensively with customs and border patrol yes would take it from this answer that you're not giving me a yes or no not trying to press you too hard but is there a person that you some person that you are to call some agency that your person already is aware of that he or she contacts generally are folks who work with the chief technology and chief operating officers for departments and agencies is there a codified plan in place so ice that in the event of some on foreseen ugly circumstance your person knows that he or she is to call this person with the government in the case for instance of customs and border patrol yes there are several folks that no two they work in concert we work on a daily basis i'm asking this line of questions because it seems to me that the web of resilience should be woven such that there is some sort of interconnectivity between public and private and the and the government there ought to be some web that causes each business to have a means by which it can communicate up the line to some other person is that web in place that web is in place and actually we have services folks that are dedicated to a department and work hand in glove with them if they have an essay peace solution in running that and if there is in fact some sort of catastrophic event concert only assist them in the deployment and and addressing any kind of concerns let me speak on behalf of of probably a good portion of the american population when i say to you it is perceived that when the local government fails or the and the state government fails is perceived that the federal government should prevail it is also preceded that in louisiana in new orleans when the local and state that not step up to the plate the federal government to a great extent the level of participation was observation immediately after the the catastrophe it seems that there should be a plan in place when it comes to health care food water justice system and communications that should be some plan that the federal government has when local and state government can't deliver  there are things that happen that will cause local and state government to be ineffective at this point the federal government has to become efficacious i'm not hearing about the plan that the federal government has when the state government can't step up and the local government can't when they can't what do you have something that is the equivalent of the the mas units the mobile army surgical hospitals do you have the equivalent of some sort of mobile distribution system that is already in place and can be dispatched quickly do you have boots that can go on the ground immediately to give us that law and order that we finally saw in about they five six seven in louisiana do we have a food distribution system that is in place in the event state and local government can't deliver is that plan in place and if that plan is in place my assumption is it is linked to some sort of network with in various states so that it can be an effective plan mr baker could you kindly respond please i could give you a short answer it is we have plans to provide all of those things in support of state and local governments when they ask we do not in general plan to take over from the state and local governments for obvious reasons they rarely believe that they are going to suffer that kind of loss of control ok mr baker with all due respect and i appreciate what you're saying about the the the the sovereignty if you will of the the state government appreciate it but we're talking about something now on a massive scale got to give that it would never have hope that it won't happen but let's assume that the state government is in effective because it has been damaged severely you must be prepared to deliver at this point in my opinion and since we can deliver on request we can also deliver when we determine that it's necessary to do so i just want to caution that states are quite concerned if we started to plan to take over i don't i don't want you to do so but what i don't want to see is people on top of buildings with signs saying help me and the federal government flying over in planes and not helping that's what i don't want to see so there must be some means by which we never ever ever allow what happened in new orleans to happen again there must be some means by which we can prevent this and that that's the plan that i'm looking for we share that goal do we share the plan we we have the capability we are working on a dish i have the capability to do surgery with a sort of band of education which i do not have right now ok so you're doing pretty well what i want is what i want to five minutes thank you very much mr chairman again assistant secretary baker we've been talking earlier in this hearing about communication problems that have plagued first responders every emergency in the last fifteen years and you've heard enough about katrina the f y o seven homeland security appropriations bill included multiple provisions that i had the privilege of champaign with the help of our good chairman related to first responder communications and included were several provisions some planning and backup systems to implement if local networks went down as a new orleans earlier this year the f c c ended the digital television transition spectrum auction without receiving the minimum bid to build the d block spectrum that was reserved for public safety addressing these issues should be one of the department's top priorities assistant secretary baker i was interested to read the portion of your testimony that promoted reverse nine eleven and enhanced nine eleven in new york the state emergency management office has developed new york alert and all hazard web based alert and notification portals that can activate the emergency alert system and send black fat glass fax email text messages phone calls etc to subscribers across the state or to customize groups this sounds just like the communications network you're promoting that enhanced resiliency correct however the department has turned down requests to provide funding for this program in fact grant guidance to the theme of pre disaster mitigation program explicitly excludes this type of program and i'm really puzzled that one branch of d h s supports alert systems but when it comes to providing funding another branch opposes it i missed and secretary baker can you tell me what you are doing to ensure  communications resiliency and can you explain this i'm not familiar with the guidance that you're talking about we're we're certainly supportive of new york's efforts to do the homeland security programs across the board the grants to new york city and state have been quite substantial for obvious reasons because we think that they are under a substantial threat  ether all of the grant programs are focused on new technologies or only some of them are available for that i'm not in a position to answer but i will take a look at that and i will get back to you because as i said in the testimony and i've said here today these new technologies are crucial for our ability to respond flexibly and show the resilience that the committee would like us to show in that we would like citizens to be able to show well i'd appreciate your getting back to me because the femur pre disaster mitigation program explicitly excludes this type of program which is quite extraordinary to me thank you very much and dr bailey what lessons could d h s s learn important if we're talking about resilience and if we don't discuss the facts and we're not preparing and the chair and i and many of us have been talking about this issue for five six years yes let lessons learned certainly the the attention to admitting upfront that bad things will happen i think dr shafi mentioned that early in one of his responses bad things happen all the time and so it's not just being prepared for the very rare but very severe you know devastating terrorist attack but also the day to day nasty things that happen the pool chemical warehouses that catch on fire and you know release chlorine after the train derailments and the like all of those can in many ways i don't read it as but i have a couple of seconds left ok but what from your procedures from your technology what did you teach not assist terry baber baker let's say what could you really show d h s and how do we get it done you know we've been having these hearings for years and the private sector knows they have to do it or else they're going to lose a lot of money was a loser how to lives and money and everything else so what you did teach us wow well certainly there are the physical threats as well as the cyber threats we would be very interested in fact we are sharing our approaches to cyber security for example with the us on to address both the prediction and prevention which is surprisingly more significant of an opportunity than certainly a t n t ever expected until we started looking at the traffic profiles and realizing that there are signatures of attacks actually before they happen and if you can leverage that signature you can buy yourself planning time and prayer and preparation time that is extremely valuable to mitigate the impacts so that's just one example of  hope we get to the point where da jess can be the initiator of some of this technology so that we can all benefit not that we want to compete with a t and t but we thank you for your leadership thank you mr chair thank you very know that the subcommittee on intelligence which i chair will hold another hearing on this subject in a few days and steve flynn a noted author will be one of our witnesses i think it is very important that we consider resilience  as we consider whether our steps to protect our homeland are adequate i also want to apologize to you and our witnesses for not being here during their testimony i had two other hearings at the same time and  my little body went to both of those and is now here hoping to ask a few questions finally i want to welcome especially mr southers who hails from los angeles and works for the los angeles world airports l a x is in my district backyard ice around l a x and also happens to be as i'm sure he said one of the top terrorist targets in the u s with a history of prior attacks make no mistake if an airport is attacked in our future is more likely to be l a x than any other airport and that gets my attention and that is why mine is a very familiar voice  in the halls of the l a x administrators maybe a little too familiar i stay up at night worrying about what could happen to that airport and particularly worrying about threats posed by vehicle borne explosives  which according to the rand corporation and others have looked at this is the most likely kind of threat that could occur at that airport so i applaud your effort mr southers to move beyond the traditional role of airport security teams real time intelligence is a crucial tool to protecting critical infrastructure so such as l a x in your airports should randomize vehicle checkpoints which i have noticed since i go through them all the time are praiseworthy  critical infrastructure protection units are probably very useful as well but as you note in your testimony it was rand which i just mentioned four years ago which determined that curbside arm bombs including large truck bombs were a or the top end to major other u s airports seven airline terminals surrounds a horseshoe it is literally looks like a horseshoe that one drives around on two levels at l a x each terminal is often extremely crowded with lines extending out the door it is not hard to imagine what kind of mischief could occur and yet  thirteen years after after thirteen years after oklahoma city and one year after glasgow we're not ready so in thinking about resilience i want to urge  you to make certain that this summer as promise and law will install vehicle barriers probably similar to the large flower pots that adorn these concrete flower is my time is still limited i only have about a minute and a half but i wanted to give you a chance mr shaw others or anyone else who would like to opine to add to what i have just said and finally let me just get this in year and it pleases me to hear that many of you are also thinking about it so i did want to commend you mr southers congresswoman first i do i do want to say thank you for your support your voice is always welcome at the airport and certainly is been  what has initiated some movement on our part but happy to say that the first phase of the bollard plan is going to go in this summer we have in fact i personally walked the upper level myself and despite some challenges with regards to the level of protection necessary i can assure you that the rating of those bollards is going to withstand vehicles of the impact of the attacks we've seen around the world we certainly do still share some of those issues with regards to people being on the curbside and we're trying to mitigate as much as possible one of the things we are able to do is work a little bit closer with t s a and getting more screeners in their particular southwest at tom bradley and at terminal six and seven to get them inside but while they are outside we have stepped up our canine explosive detection teams out there so we've got a presence we've also got more of a presence of our officers as well so we're certainly aware that it's been quite some time as you mentioned and this summer we look forward to moving forward knowing with the terminals but with lax fuel and some of the other gates around the airport that you've mentioned in the past those space will all start this summer well i thank you for that answer my time is expired but i would just add that there are vulnerable airports all around america and as we think about resiliency that is place we have to look and i do commend you for your efforts and i will be looking for those flowerpot in the very near future thank you m much and i'd like to thank the witnesses for their valuable testimony to the members for the excellent questions the members of the committee may have with no questions for you and we will accept you respond expeditious