johnnie and janie who are past childhood are not yet quite grown into manhood and womanhood they are in between and the in between period is known as adolescence and one important aspect of adolescence is known as puberty this name is used to describe the physical growth and change that brings sexual maturity lets see how puberty affects johnny puberty might begin any time between the ages of nine and sixteen but for average johnny it comes at fort quantity the growth hormone the slow growth of late childhood takes a sudden spurt and for about three years the boy grows rapidly in height weight and strength shortly after the spurt and growth comes the secretion of a second hormone gone into traffic hormone this brings about the appearance of the primary sex characteristics which are directly related to reproduction in boys this means the increased development of the sex glands or gonads called the test the and the genital organ which is the pe in the testes and stored ready for expulsion ok generally they are released during sleep in nocturnal emissions that normal involuntary action is considered a definite sign of  along with the primary sex characteristics other changes are related to sexual maturity they are called secondary sex characteristics these are physical features which distinguish the male from the female body but are not directly related to reproduction they include the growth of pubic and underarm hair increased perspiration under the arms and the g of hair on the arms legs and chance the muscles grow stronger the shoulders broader and the down on his face becomes coarser and thicker lengthening of the vocal chords brings about a change in the voice during the change sometimes it comes out high sometimes  let's review the changes that took place for johnny during puberty at about fourteen he took a sudden growth spurt then he developed the primary sex characteristics that is his sex glands and genital organs and finally the secondary sex characteristics appeared now that all this has happened to our journey is very close to being a man let's say what happened to janie during puberty he or she is that age ten she is an average girl just as johnny is an average boys and girls puberty is preceded for a year or so by encreased secretion of the growth hormone from they and for about two years janie grows rapidly actual puberty begins at about thirteen usually a year earlier than it does in boys at this time the sex organ of the tropic hormone is secreted in greater quantities and the sex glands and organs develop rapidly since these are all internal organs in girls their rapid development may cause the stomach to protrude they pyu besson girl is usually very self conscious about this these are janie's primary sex characteristics here is a diagram of the fully developed female reproductive mechanism the ovaries are female sex plans in which the reproductive eggs are over are developed they follow p in tubes form the passage through which the mature female sex sells begin maturing within the ovaries usually one egg reaches maturity and is released every twenty eight days the ovum travels through the fallopian tube toward the uterus at the same time the lining of the uterus becomes an go or just with blood and nutritive fluids in preparation for the development of a fertilized egg into a baby if the female cell is not fertilized it dissolves or disintegrates in period of time during which the reproductive mechanism of the adolescent girl is still too immature for the conception of a child early menstruation is usually irregular and janie may feel real physical discomfort such as cramps or headaches changes in blood pressure at this time may make her nervous and irritable for a few days before and during each menstrual period later when her glands and organs become mature and regular physical discomfort will normally disappear during the years of puberty jenny develops the secondary sex characteristics of girl those from a lab test a child she becomes a curvaceous teenager her breasts fill out and her hips grow rounder and broader pubic and underarm hair grows the texture of the skim changes slightly and the tone and let's review the changes that took place for janie during puberty first between ten and twelve there was a sudden growth spurt then the primary sex characteristics developed that is her sex glands and genital organs developed and menstrua and finally the secondary sex characteristics appeared now janie is a normal teenager because along with these developments the functioning of her and her can glands has been normal once puberty has been accomplished the sex gland secrete sex hormones these slow down the secretion of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland and the adolescent gradually stops growing it is this balanced interaction of the sex and pituitary gland that brings about normal development and this is important because if the functioning of the glans is not balanced the adolescent may differ from others of the same age for instance the girl who reaches sexual maturity earlier than her friends may get the reputation of being boy crazy actually the behavior that bothers your friend may be the result of early glandular activity on the other hand if sex hormones secretion is delayed while the growth hormone is active the adolescent may grow much taller than his contemporaries yet remain much less mature and primary and secondary sex characteristics although these differences are likely to even out in the end they may cause emotional disturbances which could have an effect on personality during adolescence and even later johnny's glandular balance has been normal but the rapid growth of his muscles gives him a great need for activity both organized and unorganized which gives him a feeling of strength and  and this need for physical activity may express itself in many ways another aspect of normal growth is nervous tension which makes johnny restless he may twitchin squirm when he tries to sit still adolescents just can't sit still for too long his bones are growing too but not as fast as his muscles and this new ratio of bone to muscles upsets his coordination this embarrasses him just when he is trying his best to be grown up if adults don't realize that this awkwardness is just part of rapid and uneven growth the adolescent feeling of inadequacy is increased and janie has problems too blemishes on his skin are a source of great on happiness they develop when they are all producing glands beneath her skin suddenly become larger and more active at the time of puberty while  duct leading to the surface of the skin remain disproportionately small the resulting congestion causes blackheads and pimples recognition of the causes of these blemishes usually will encourage cleanliness and attention to diet but even if she has no blemishes there is still a great adjustment for janie to make she sees herself now as she is going to be throughout her life perhaps in childhood she dreamed of becoming a glamorous beauty now she must realize that she is just an ordinary looking girl she doesn't say much to anyone about this but to her it's a big thing and just because johnny's a boy i don't think that appearance and physique aren't important to him to johnny and janie both need reassurance that they are accepted and respected for what they are often too there are problems which seem to be emotional but are really based on physical grow it has been established that the functioning of the gland has an effect on the emotions at the time of adolescence there is a change in the whole system of endor can glance at the position of these glands are shown on this figure which represents both male and female the famous which has no secretion and is not a true gland is no longer considered part of the end to consist of the adrenaline's which affect circulation and muscular action increased rapidly in size and activity  this gradual and irregular readjustment of the glandular system is almost certain to make janie or johnny nervous excitable and a little emotionally unstable of course all this sudden development of bone muscle and tissue together with great expenditure of energy you have johnnie and janie ravenous appetite between meals as well as at regular meal time they satisfy this with a tremendous food intake especially concentrated foods like this earth and candy but because of all the physical and emotional stresses and strains their appetites may be up one day and down the next this may cause friction with mom who may be annoyed if very specially prepared meal is not appreciated problems may arise from certain mental development too he wants to think things out for himself which may take the form of arguing with his elders during the years of puberty the number of mature brain cells increases great the intercommunication system of the brain strengthens and develops there is a new craving for mental activity johnny begins to question authority again recognizing the physical basis of this increased mental capacity should lead to patients by parents and the encouragement of real family discussion we have seen that johnny and janie have developed great capacity for activity mentally emotionally and physically they have grown much stronger and they are able to do many things much better besides all this physical growth and activity there is a sudden expansion of their social horizon their relationship with their friends is new and tremendously exciting they are likely to carry some of their activities to exce they may burn the candle at both of them and if they don't watch out for t v general digestive trouble susceptibility to infectious diseases or even imaginary illness caused by emotional maladjustment may develop these are common dangers during adolescence and to guard against them johnny and janie must have enough sleep lots of fresh air plenty of nutritious food and regular medical checkups to make sure that their physical health is good we have seen that even with the best of health there are many aspects of normal physical growth especially during puberty that may strongly influenced social and emotional therefore each johnny and each janey need the sympathy understanding and cooperation parents and teachers to help them through these in between years that we call