to us in addition to our own organization and served as a town meeting member for many years and was involved with several other working as a sions in belmont and in all of those roles greatly contributed to our community for those who did not know her she was a kind and wonderful person and i know that i speak for all of our officers and directors when i say that she will be greatly missed therefore respectfully dedicate our program tonight to the memory of van al we have a great program for you tonight and i would like to thank our vice president and program director lois feral martin for organizing our program this evening thank you also to gloria bushman for providing refreshments that will be served after the program and i also like to thank the belmont media center for filming our program tonight before we invite mr bragg to speak to us about the history of mclean hospital tonight we have a special presentation good evening i am diane miller and this is ellen shriver and we're so happy to be here with you guys tonight this is the book that we have as many of you probably know joey's park was originally built in one thousand nine hundred nine it was built as part  community build process with over a thousand volunteers at that time and it was built in memory of joey o'donnell and joey's park has really over the past couple decades served as a very unique and belove feature within the town of belmont and so when we were faced with the need to rebuild this a few years ago came to our attention in two thousand and eleven when we were faced with the need to rebuild this playground one of our goals was to try to preserve the magic that everybody talks about when they think about joey's park and so one way that that we attempted to preserve that magic was to again have a community build just like they did in for the original playground  so our community build happened in two thousand and thirteen the fall of two thousand and thirteen and we had over two thousand volunteers as part of that process it was two years of planning in the making we had a huge steering committee so many people so much energy that went into that and it was quite an event with this community build and so when it was finished in the fall of two thousand and thirteen ellen and i both found ourselves with a ton of free time on our hands all of a sudden and so ellen decided to jump onto another project that was already underway that another small project in town some of you may have heard of which is the underwood pool and so she became involved in that group and i sat down with thousands of photographs that we had collected throughout the joeys park project i think i had close to five thousand photographs that i went through from various people had kind of given to us and i sifted through those photographs and put together a memory book which is some a little hobby that i like to do for like family vacations and what not but anyway the memory book was originally intended for us and for those that were intimately involved in the project as sort of a memento we also included a copy of it in a time capsule that we recently buried this past fall at joey's park and we're very excited to be here tonight to share a copy with you guys we feel like and i think a lot of people that were involved in the project felt like it was a very profound experience it was a historical event in belmont and so it's lovely that you invited us here this evening so that we can share this book which sort of captures much of that process and that experience and we're happy to be here to share it with you guys and that it can become a part of the month historical record so thank you very much thank you look at it if you have  members here are members at home would at some point like to see it the this photo is also a great example of how events of today should be seen as historic when people think of history they usually think about them some long ago however encourage you to capture events of today for future generations because they will be grateful that we preserve those images and items for them to to study and view in the future so this will be in the claflin room and i hope you all come and  take a look at it so when mclean hospital is discussed which is what we will be which will be the main topic of our program tonight it could be because of its world renowned medical science and research and clinical study education that it does the architecture of some of its structures or the open space that were part of its original campus design and our speaker tonight who graduated from albion have with the assistance of a federal grant please help me well terry brag you i'm going so i don't have really a set talk so i'm going to actually just start from the history and from the beginning as i say it and try and tell it through the slides as much as possible but before it actually gets started with the slides i really want to back you up a little bit before mclain actually existed but go back to the revolutionary war twenty five physicians cared for the population of boston at that time right after the revolutionary war and seven eighty the boston medical society was formed and in seven hundred eighty one the massachusetts medical society was formed and then we have a twenty year hiatus and we get up to eight hundred ten and i handed out as part of the handouts the circular letter which is actually the beginnings of our history reverend bartlett who is the head of the alms house in boston which was the technical i would say infirmary of the  boston that actually house the homeless the indigent and the mentally ill you were medically ill you were cared for in your home and so at that point in time reverend bartlett thought that there was a need for a hospital he got together with two physicians in boston they sent out the circular letter it caught the eye of the legislature and people like john belknap one of our early trustees and then the massachusetts legislature granted a commonwealth charter to found the massachusetts general hospital corporation then upon that point in time he wanted to do some fundraising well the war of eight hundred twelve came along and the blockade of the boston harbo basically froze up all of the money and people had to wait out the end of the war of eight hundred twelve to do fundraising so in eight hundred fourteen they did some fund raising and within a couple of weeks they raised over ninety thousand dollars over half of the money was earmarked by the donors for a mental hospital and at that point in time the trustees began to look around for land and regionally the thought was that they should have one hospital like pennsylvania hospital general hospital with a psychiatric department however what happened in instead was that this property in charlestown the joseph barrel estate which was the largest country estate in massachusetts at its time in fact it was so large that when george washington visited new england he actually stayed with joseph beryl it was joseph barrels kerridge that took george washington to bluster and back and it was  the mansion house of joseph farah was actually designed by charles bullfinch which was actually built in seven hundred ninety five shortly thereafter though joseph beryl passed away and his heirs began to fight over the property and it so happened that benjamin joy one of the heirs want to sell his part of the property and the trustees and eight hundred sixteen seized upon that opportunity in charlestown the purchase that purchased that property and they purchased eight hundred acres for over fifteen thousand dollars and get back to that point a little bit because the land in belmont was purchased seventy five acres for seventy five thousand dollars so almost a thousand dollars an acre in each purchase for the mclean asylum in  and as prominent leaders they were basically the beginnings of the corporation and so they first said ok now that we purchased land they went out and hired charles bullfinch because he knew the property and designed the mansion house and i gave you an article actually that actually discusses the building of the mclean asylum from the mansion house by bulfinch written by leonard eaton  so that when they built it started to look at the expanding the mansion house they thought about how to do this and  was actually hired but rufus wyman was a country doctor from chelmsford massachusetts he had treated mentally ill one of the trustees at the time of mr shaw placed his name into under consideration the only other physician that i know of that was under consideration at that time was a man named dr george partment dr parkman was actually a private i would say one of the most trained quote unquote psychiatrist for his time period he had actually trained in paris but he also owned his own sanitariums and he wanted to trustees to select him as the head of a claim asylum but also for him to be chosen his sanitariums to be purchased as well in the process trustees were not about to do that so rufus wyman was selected very for two and a selection in fact dedicated man who believed in the moral treatment philosophy of kindness he did not believe in bloodletting he did not believe in leeches he's not but actually believe in a lot of restraint on violent patien s in fact he's seventeen years a superintendent he was absent five days from the institution five nights so quite a dedication and also he was a leader in boston in the medical society he actually gave involved in designing some of the buildings on campus he developed and built a strong room which was really the first isolation room for the most violent patients a heated floors it was had it with patients were under twenty four hour watch  and they were separated from the rest of the patients on the campus and so here we have a view of the mclean asylum with in the center being the joseph barrel mansion house and really its architecture is therapy environment is fair and everybody may want to say that that's what olmstead had in mind when he selected the belmont site as well what both things did was he designed the two wings they were seventy five feet long forty six feet deep male patients on one side and female patients on another those who were the most difficult patients were further out from them the mansion house those who were less ill or were much closer in house towards the mansion house and some of them actually ate with rufus wyman and his family and so in adding actually a classification system that was designed into the building structure itself now this is actually the view of the institution close to within five years of it when it was demolished but you get the actual sense of how the mansion house being in the middle and then the wings on each side now over time there were several other buildings that were built on campus and will be showing them to you shortly now the institution after they both designed and built the wings in eighteen  eighteen september of this was the opening announcement and said the rules for admission and so that everyone who was in minot to the mclean asylum required a physician's note you had to be committed you had a commitment paper you also had to have somebody who would pay for your care whether it was a family member well it was a town a county and someone who had to be responsible for the payment of your care over time and it came with a requirement that you would spend at least three months at the institution and they felt that was at least the minimum time period needed to help somebody to recover or improve and be able to return to society and now there is a view of the institution and you get an idea of charlestown it was the charles river and then off of the charles river was a small river called the millers river and that's what led up to the backside of the asylum in fact it was easier to transport and ill patient from the asylum down to the m g h for medical treatment than it was to take them over land because at that point in time there was only one bridge craig bridge that connected boston in charlestown so it's much quicker to go by boat so in fact what i hadn't understand coming from the midwest is how much of the back bay got filled in over the years that in fact the m g h when it was first built was right on the harbor  so that was very easy for them to transport and so you have mcclain opening in eight hundred eighteen in fact were the first hospital in new england the m g h did not open until eight hundred twenty one three years later but there's been a myth that's been put out by mclain and others over the time that somehow mclean asylum the asylum for the insane as it was originally called before it was named after john mcclane our first major donor was that we were the third psychiatric institution in america well somebody forgot that in fifteen sixty's there was a jesuit set up a mental hospital in mexico the friends hospital opened in philadelphia even though they were founded after us they actually opened in eight hundred sixteen who were actually like the fifth psychiatric hospital in the north american continent and actually the fourth in the united states now mclean asylum was founded on just the moral management principles of diversions occupying the mind rest regular regulatory eating schedule activities schedule that came out of really the two brothers in england it was really a quaker philosophy of treatment and in fact it was also something that was followed by the friends hospital in philadelphia as well you know their view of the institution has appear the newspaper and it's you have to understand that in the first one we opened in october of eighteen eighteen we had in our first three months we had seven thousand patients one of the interesting points is that the second patient mid was a woman from virginia now i think it was partly the reason of confidentiality she could have gone to eastern shores asylum in virginia she could have gone the pennsylvania hospital but no she comes to the brand new opened mclane asylum in charlestown for treatment in fact the trustees had a sliding fee scale and she's an example of it minimum was at that point was about a dollar fifty a week however she was paying five dollars a week so that they balance basically it was an experiment the trustees had to make it a success they had to prove it to be a success but had to be a financial success as well so that sliding fee scale was designed so that those who could pay more paid more of those would pay less paid less and they balance the books that way they they actually balance the admissions in that regard as well although it's interesting th of that first seventeen ten of them were paid for their care was paid four pounds in counties so they were actually we're sending instead of placing them in jails they were finally sending them to a psychiatric institution for care  and eventually it would grow to one hundred forty patients and then in the eighteen lady eight hundred forty s we actually had about two hundred patients on the campus however it was really designed to be housing about one hundred sixty facility when it was built in belmont was four hundred eighty patients and it was considered the most that they could care for with the small medical staff that they had a rufous why in the first he was the first medical superintendent of a psychiatric hospital in the united states everyone else had either a lawyer a banker or somebody else was in charge not the physician but he was the only physician in fact until eight hundred thirty for the last couple years of his superintendency they finally gave him of a assistant p to help him with the duties about six years into it they finally gave him a steward a person who could services purchasing agent and in the late one nine hundred twenty s they finally allowed him to hire a lot more attendants to care for the patients the pre nursing model of caring for the psychiatric patients so there was a lot on rufus wyman's plate as an individual in a rather long day every day was for him and caring of the patients here's an early  not want to stay for the three months so they were dismissed earlier taken away early by their family eloped those are people who escaped or tried to escape and then you had people who have passed away as patients usually from  tuberculosis and other diseases from that time period consumption then you've got you're not improved you're improved the numbers of much improved and then you've got to recovered a rather large number of these statistics i say you take with a little bit a grain of salt in that if you look back and these systems were questioned by one of the superintendents pliny earl from north hampton state hospital in the eight who actually wrote a book on it is that we don't know how many of these people these patients who were who were covered were actually  every always got a new patient number every time you were admitted so it's a good history study for someone to actually go back and trace how many readmissions their work is everyone talks about readmissions today in the psychiatric hospital world and how insurance is look at this and talk about managed care well be interesting to see if the numbers back then were any different than they are today one of the things that i do know is that everyone always thinks about mclean is always caring for the very wealthy higher socioeconomic class of patients when in fact that word collatz one of our superintendents an eight hundred ninety three did a study all of the patients in over sixty percent of the patients were admitted to the mclean asylum in somerville paid less than the cost of their care and that the standard care that was set for that time period so that most of them came were really average people or people of lesser means than we're led to believe and i believe that part of the belmont mclean hospital myth of that time of why we treated the most higher social economic patients comes out of the great depression which was pre insurance and therefore during the great depression we of course had people here with longer lengths of stay and in fact paid their full cost of care and for that reason that's who were the patients from the night late  massachusetts in fact his father owned the the baker chocolate factory on the neponset river that's now condominiums in dorchester lower mills and is father actually was  get a sense of his wealth his father in another gentleman paid for and built the road from milton to boston in the seventeenth seventy's and eighty's so you need a road to boston  john was actually he was educated in the public schools in milton a man who for his time made in last fortunes and so happened that at the end of his life the ship came in from the far east and he was able to pay back its creditors with interest and he and his wife had no children and we fortunately were the benefactor of his gift portrait was painted by gilbert stuart and very interesting enough you know stuart had a stroke a year before he painted this portrait it was painted from memory you go it said well i remember him leaning out of a carriage in boston i know the man and so stuart was painting at that point with a brace to control his painting arm and hand superintendent you know here's here's this situation of a gentleman who died of tuberculosis within his first year of superintend it wasn't like just the patients but even the staff were afflicted by those diseases in that time period  clinical researcher at mclean he graduated from bowden college age of twelve president franklin pierce was one of his classmates he is family were his in the was governor of senators in the state of new hampshire he then graduated from dartmouth medical school at the age of sixteen and he had to wait a year before he could practice medicine if you had to be seventeen we were fortunate that he became available  and we were able to get him as our first third superintendent the brown family brown university had him consult on the building a butler hospital in providence on the actually tried to lure him away to be superintendent there he did oversee the construction hospital he was all instrumental at mclean asylum in that he brought steam heating into the hospital he actually designed heating and ventilation of buildings wrote a book on it he is a good friend dorothea dix champion for the mentally ill stayed with luther belle when she wasn't travelling up and down the east coast with his letters of introduction in fact i have her in the archives we have her memorial lecture i call a lecture about her presentation to the massachusetts legislature north carolina illinois  went all over in trying to have a state hospital system set up to take the mentally ill out of the jails he also is involved with what the education reform movement in massachusetts it is time  his research was he was the first person to talk about bell's mania which is early description of psychosis of psychotic disorders published in the american journal of insanity  he actually did a a clinical study on six patients using marijuana and have his manuscript and he discovered that after a short period of time he didn't see any changes  or any changes in their mood he was trying six depressed patients so he gave up the study but he was a man really ahead of his time in terms of a renaissance man in so many ways he attendants they were primarily actually school teachers many of them originally many of them came from the maritimes of canada they were considered to be trustworthy but they had a level of loyalty to the institution there was not a lot of turnover so and i've got one little thing there i want to read about that was some instructions to the attendants and said the attendants must remember that every boarder is insane and must therefore expect the most unreasonable words and conduct they must not forget that a soft answer turn it away wrath but grevious words stir up anger and so they basically the tenets were going to be considered useful honorable and that they were companions and friends in guides to those committed for their care is one of the appleton family of beacon h hill of which there's been a book written by them samuel and william appleton were two trustees and each of them donated money for a building one for male patients and one for female patients on the campus of the mclean asylum and this is how we actually expanded our care for more wealthy patients here's an interior view of the appleton house for women at that time period this is about eight illustrated newspaper in america frederick gleason actually own the ironsides newspaper in boston he was originally from germany he he actually his his mansion house in the state was where franklin partners who is today he actually only had this illustrated newspaper for about four or five years and then sold it however this actual copy is no a picture but it's what i consider the first description of the mclean asylum sort of an advertisement of sorts on there talking about the old institution housing up to two hundred patients but and talks about the good works of lutherville at the time know marrying a little lamb what does this story have to do with mclean asylum well mary real mary mary sawyer sterling massachusetts and her lamb who followed her to school then the poem was written because now i actually have this book that was written about it they're trying to restore the little red schoolhouse in sterling massachusetts right now so mary sawyer grows up she marries john tyler the steward of mclean asylum and she becomes the head matron of all the female attendants and so she sets up sewing circles she devotes her entire life to the care of female patients at the mclean asylum and her husband lived in a house in somerville and in fact their papers are at the some of the historical museum today john tyler superintendent really was the first professor of mental diseases at harvard medical school first person to give lectures on it  and here we have our part of the recreation part of the world treatment philosophy which you have croquet but you also see in the background the railroads and you've got billiards bowling alley men and women had their separate gymnasium set the asylum for recreation you know baseball being played on campus and again you see the railroads and that's part of the reason why they sought to find another location so they're on a hill in charlestown which eventually gets redistrict be pump up part of somerville the railroads cross the property by eight hundred seventy one the fitchburg railroad  takes a piece of the property of the asylum and the railroad track runs right across the grounds patients are trying to escape by trying to jump the railroad unsuccessfully and then you have being on a hill somerville becomes a factory slaughterhouses where does all that pollution is smog it rises to the hill so the country like atmosphere and environment that they why they selected the site in the first place disappeared another reason why mclean hospital in belmont is on a hill so george jelly he was that sadly in some ways he was the superintendent at the mclean asylum for which he wasn't allowed to do much because they were moving to a new facility at some point in time so he was not allowed to build anything one thing he did do though in one thousand nine hundred seventy established a two week vacation policy for all of the staff commitment laws that came into effect in one thousand nine hundred one prior to eight hundred eighty one everyone had to have a commitment paper by a physician after eight hundred eighty one you could actually go to an institution and voluntarily commit yourself for treatment here we have a study number two attributed to frederick law olmstead eight hundred seventy five is this study i've handed out to you and olmsted report that he wrote well he wrote somebody he signed it as actually he he was must have dictated to one of his staff but it's a in eight hundred seventy three he was hired by the trustees to find a new site for the hospital and also at the same time a man named joseph curtis was hired by the trustees to look at other sites as well and so he looked at sites as far away as plymouth brookline newton where metropolitan state hospital eventually was built in waltham arlington and then the belmont site olmsted's report of december thirteenth eight hundred seventy two is the the report that the trustees cite as to why they purchased the belmont property and partly it was on the hill had the wooden slow train was correct had  own water supply from and then it also offered privacy for the institution and the patients and also you know instance design here which is a little different than how we were eventually were built  is that the buildings have that south facing windows for the patients they have sunlight they also have different pleasure grounds and this is the only drawing that survives of and it made sense with respect to the eight hundred seventy two report now joseph curtis the man who's also doing site surveys he's the constant so olmstead he may heat help select the site but he did not design mclean hospital grounds man named joseph curtis and the superintendent edward collins where the two people who design the property here in belmont so we have purchased the property in one thousand nine hundred ninety five four thousand dollars a day care from the waverly lane company and then everything stops until eight hundred eighty eight dr powells who is actually just as part of his worked with dartmouth medical school where he was actually teaching while superintendent mclean asylum he oversaw the building as an alum of the mary hitchcock memorial hospital at dartmouth at that time so he comes back from that experience he is writing on construction of hospitals and he starts to exhibit plans and gets a common draw sman in his office to drop the plans he retains joe joseph curtis local landscape engineer civil engineer and surveyor to  begin to lay out the grounds so he's actually are really third most important superintendent in our history we establish is the first nursing school a psychiatric hospital the first research laboratories psychiatric hospital he was a good friend of stanley hall as early as eight hundred eighty six before hall came to for help found to be president of clark university in wester he went down to johns hopkins and took a semester off to learn about the new experimental psychology and what that meant for the treatment of the mentally cowles was influenced by the german sector and he believed in the medical basis of mental illness and we believe that research was going to be the key to cures at some point down the road he did not believe that in his lifetime he would ever know such but that he would lay begin to lay the foundations for it again a graduate of dartmouth medical school his first job out of medical school was as a surgeon in the union army at gettysburg and thus left a lasting impression on him he remained in the military until eight hundred seventy one but he became head of boston city hospital and he was there until he came to the mclean asylum he was very well organized regimen of man he taught he was the first person to bring harvard medical school students in fellows to the here we have joseph curtis who is the man here in the middle of all the surveyors the gentleman the top with the bowl hat was levi green who is the mechanical engineer for the institution we were built by italian immigrants who lived on the property in fact i found a letter in the collection that the town of bellemont required that we had a constable on our property and i thought well that was the probably protect all the building materials and all that was to keep the immigrants on the property they did not want them coming into town it was very clearly stated in the letter we have mclean has buildings are spread apart they follow somewhat of a homestead thinking they follow call's idea of having a country like atmosphere building separated by the terrain i think why homesteads plan wasn't followed was by the time they started to do the construction in one thousand nine hundred ninety two they ran into a lot of ledge therefore we have the tunnels who are below ground above ground basements are somewhat irregularly situated by building two as well and in the terrain but that the tunnels were built partly because we were built originally as a self sufficient little community and as the belmont paper at the time called it the city on the hill well we had we actually generated our own electricity until about one thousand nine hundred when we finally became part of the town electricity so and then we had our own steam heating so they ran all of those pipes wires through the tunnel system as well as it served to move the dietary food from the main kitchen to the different units as well so here we have the what was on the flyer the pen and ink sketch this was the common drop simmons drawing by e l down and what's interesting is this is eight hundred ninety three none of these buildings yet had been fully built they are built though they are pictured exactly originally the first building on campus was the massachusetts general hospital convalescent home their first attempt at i call it the early spalding rehab hospital thought it would be cheaper to rehab people in the countryside than in the general hospital in fact they discovered that it was much more labor intensive and costly to have them separated from the general hospital so they abandoned that building as early as one thousand nine hundred and then mclean did not use  out why they hired william white peters to be the architect well mr and mr peters were hasty putting friends at harvard college and in fact they became a little famous because they were the first group who were didn't wish to become members due to the hazing and they rebelled against the hazing and therefore the first twelve years you were you're elected and then and that's the big the honorary part where they were part of the honorary group but they were the ones who actually were a fruit refused to join so they made quite a scandal out of it in their time period but later on in life they produced this lovely building  the condominium association is actually in the process of revitalising it housed sixteen male patients in that building each had their their own suite you had your own bathroom you had your own and bedroom sitting room and then you actually had a billiards room you had a turkish bath in that building it was very elaborate for its time so the grounds for the mclean that that time was about three i would say it was closer to three hundred forty acres between what was on the mill street side up to concord avenue and then the land across from getting an idea of what was the medical staff like well this is a medical staff picture from eight hundred ninety one at the asylum it's a number of people actually came over to the belmont campus so this was the number of people who are caring for one hundred eighty patients in the first row dr noise was the path ologist then doctors huddleston huddleston and fuller were former harvard medical school students who stayed on to join the staff in the middle you have miss gilbert and miss woodward who were head of the nursing school in the nursing department and then you have doctors lock and babcock at the back again harvard medical school students who then became fellows and stayed down as staff and then you have  mr willis and mr bradbury who were the really the the purchasing agent stuart and then you have the first assistant physician dr title in there because it was the superintendent so you actually had  seven physicians four hundred eighty patients at that time period and that was the same at the turn of the century as well a view of the institution looking up in one nine hundred ten with the administration building in all the open land  and then the trees actually all grew up at one time there were seventy seven different varieties of trees on the campus and i think partly this is where some of the olmsted myth came from is in fact joseph curtis was the gentleman who purchased some of the nine species of trees in the new england species of trees that are planted on the ground so a lot of flowering trees on the grounds here is waverly square and reason why they chose the belmont site to it was the end of the line and how you could get to from boston so that some of the staff could live off campus because prior to that everyone lived on campus at the asylum and in fact a good many of the staff lived on the  belmont campus as well the nurses lived on the third floor of the in patient buildings and then some of the staff lived in the like that the entrance a lot of just like the pleasant street lodge the mill street lodge on the grounds linda richards the first america's first trained nurse she was a good friend of edward call's from boston city hospital she actually was the one that was instrumental with cows and setting up the nursing school klein here's our first graduating class die i don't see a smile in the group they look a little tired and i suspect that there are seven a m to nine p m day and then you've got to go up and sleep above the patients probably called down to help them in the night  men nurses and we graduated over eight hundred of them out of that in one thousand nine hundred fact i've been looking at some of the men nurses i would say about half of them went on to either be doctors all or other professions nursing was a way of giving them a vocation in a way of earning a living to then go on for other education a lot of the mcclane nurses because there were you know they were either to work they stayed and worked at mclean they went and worked at other hospitals or they became private duty nurses hired by the families to care for their family members and following treatment or early path ology physiology laboratory actually and actually alzheimer's and she was alzheimer's assistant in germany in his laboratory she came to following that she came to mclean and after two years she went  studied but went back to germany to study some more she met esau third who was the curator and the head pathologist at harvard medical school she became the unofficial curator of the  pathological specimens at harvard medical school b because she was a woman she was ever even heard to as a doctor she couldn't hold the title southard held the title despite he him arguing for years for her to be recognized and then  psychologist he trained at columbia under john patel he came to mclean ca was recruited him from dartmouth he actually did time motion studies he actually was our first courses with robert yorkies at carver tallies at the time and what your case was teaching comparative zoology before he went to yale and in fact this early primate research i'm sure you're he's had a hand hand in it but you actually helped set up the u c l a plain primate research center about twenty five thirty years later and then we have our first clinical biochemistry laboratory in the country otto folini what do you  chicago originally from sweden he was teaching at west virginia university when cowles selected him to come to mclean he was became the first professor of biological chemistry at harvard medical school in the first department chair his researchers on urine and metabolism studies all of them are negative he published a book on methods and in one thousand nine hundred four of the hundredth anniversary of the american psychiatric association john white hart a former student of his who started as a ph d student with foley in when and then to get his medical degree and returned to be the head of research at mclean and then replaced adolf meyer at johns hopkins university as part of the phipps clinic wrote that everything that fol did didn't have to be repeated it was done so well although you know we don't publish negative results anymore maybe it's too bad we would repeat some of them maybe our first single patient cottage was called hope cottage and  dead first biographer writes that you know everyone knows that part of the newspaper that owns that died as a patient at mclean in his last years of his life and she talks a moment about him being in a cottage well we were built on the cottage plan he was not a patient and hope cottage in fact i did a little research and found out that we didn't even own the land that hope cottage was built on originally a woman from boston her husband was actually the first patient there she owned the land her husband died about a month before almost dead died and then she donated the building and the property to mclean hospital and we had another another ten or so of the single patient colleges built over time going through the one nine hundred thirty s and this is where the very wealthy patients would come and be housed family would provide the domestic care we revive the nursing care and the medical care for their family members this is a inpatient bedroom female inpatient bedroom appleton house i just want to give you some interior views here of the time we have the exterior of what the grounds look like at this time a lobbying sitting room very victorian we have the art room the friends of mclean the actually the women's auxiliary of mclean set this art room art history classes were given painting classes were given part of the recreation part of the ongoing treatment fausta but even if this time period we have a men's patient on the belmont campus as he gave a four hundred thousand dollars matching gift they were not raised the matching funds and they were able then to begin the construction you know the view of the lobby area so here here we have the women's gymnasium the first bicycles to nowhere as i call them the sander after rattus from sweden part of the exercise regimen and they had they also had off of this were the  apples and on the property for it to supply the m g h and for us apples inciter for the season we had our own beekeeper that's why we had all those flowering trees that in one all the bees traveling across the road and everybody else's yard so february nineteenth that we so you've got essentially what's put in the central kitchen where the meat and we were self sufficient firemen till world war two and we didn't have enough staff so they had to close the farm so either th the fried smelt which they would have gone into boston the hay market square to get and all of the meat would have been grown on the farm actually a pretty good menu here in fact  fact i've got a professor at the university of toledo right now who's doing a study of dieticians hospitals and who is teaching dietetics to the nursing students in fact she has reviewed the t mclean at the mclean school of nursing and discovered that several of them were founders of the boston cullen area institute we have very good people so we have bad mitten another again recreation are nine hundred sixty four of mclean was trying to distinct matteis mental illness so they put in a paid for a boston globe supplement it was partly as part of their opening of the new rehabilitation center at mclean and it was called the common on the green and it was really a way of doing gay hospital programs but also as part of the golfing one of the women patients was there and she's learned to golf so that when she is released from her treatment she go back home with her family and go golfing with her husband country club it's part of her therapy and to reintegrate back into the community but it's also was a way of mclean talking about its educational programs its research advances at the time but also it really was i think one of the early attempts so i'm a claimed to be public about its treatment and to try and i can say do stigmatize mental illness which we will probably continue to work at throughout most of our lives research he was called dr mosquito by the patients who used to come by and take their blood early in the morning for part of his study and then on the far left as dr paul howard who had just arrived in january one of that year and i knew paul when i came he retired after sixty years at mclean sixty one years he retired in december thirty one thousand nine hundred ninety nine he was our first really patient rights advocate he was the first chairman of our institutional review board that reviewed all research projects involving human subjects in the one nine hundred fifty s he set up patient personnel conferences and gave patients of governing voice with the administration over food treatment their activities so we set up a whole government structure for them and the far back here on the right doctors bock and vice were of the early study of mclean where we were through the institutional review board it's a very thorough research study that i would have be happy to say is a study that places it within its time in it families were we have all their letters asking for it some of them were successful and in fact over time it became more successful as they learned what which person and what type of illness it actually worked best  with this is early e c t machine in fact it's our first one thousand and forty one is when mclean began to use e c t as part of their treatment philosophy with depression and we still use it today  t was at new york psychiatric institute in one nine hundred thirty six it's now a very excepted form of treatment and a very successful one as well and now are actually advancing into  successful down the road as it becomes more linked with our magnetic imaging center and the f m r i research and the two are starting to those research projects are actually just starting to be done at mclean now and we're actually getting a lot of people who are visiting mclean to look at our t m s facility just over the last year so we have here the snack bar in the basement partly because you've got a mix of patients and you've got a mix an aerial view of the institution in two thousand and two i wanted to capture it before the condominiums began to be built on campus this is after nine eleven so i had to get a sunday fly over approval  from the united states air force and department of state before it could happen so i've got about thirty eight different views of the institution from different angles from that time period why main house which was originally this would be where sylvia plath would have been as a patient potentially and it's now our pavilion unit for a self pay program with the magnolia tree hill center this was another single patient residen originally it now houses our women's treatment program residential program the demar new building which is our cafeteria and on the second floor is the library the center for depression anxiety and stress research see continuing medical education residency training  going to have double cheered stacks and then four years later we developed online journals and i designed a library of yesterday rather quickly so it's actually is now has much more productive use and space and we have shrunk the library from ten thousand square feet to under a thousand square feet you can have books on line now are the ideal still do see that most people like to hold a real book but that will change as well it sure over time  have over forty four million dollars annually in federal and private fund a three and private foundation research support over one hundred forty principal investigators at the hospital  if it's grown tremendously in the last thirty years and this was one of the big expansions that we had which has led to a real growth in the basic science division at the then as you well know our district zoning in with the clean up is in the white and then you've got your town cemetery the open space the light blue shading being the condominiums the brown zone down here eventually the years of living there and this will be proposed to be at least a research and development building i suspect that that will be the last development anybody's on campus that wait until everybody has run out of research space and they'll be happy to build it so that we can be their first tenets and i don't blame them i would make the most sense but also it would be an opportunity for academia and industry to start to work together and it may take somebody like grassley from iowa to have to retire something from congress for that's going to happen because he seems to have to be to have clout and some of the discussion of potential interactions that could successfully take  place this is one of our country retreats for inside out in princeton massachusetts it's a substance abuse self pay program overlooking mt watch period furniture there  we actually have eight sites off campus and in fact we're about to open next month in borden borden cottage in camden maine a substance abuse program there as well  es the that started out to be called the you know the decade of the brain in two thousand i suspect it's really the century of the brain and that the magnetic imaging resonance studies and are now almost everybody who's doing research and schizophrenia and other diseases are actually linking up with people in the imaging center and it's come a long ways from where they started when i q neck in the ninety's when you spent a lot of time trying to figure out what you were seeing they now know what they're seeing they now can see the changes of even drug interactions and the growth in the research and the success of research in actually the further development of drugs and anti psychotic drugs will be a result of the f m r i studies that are going on today thank you thank you i'm happy to answer questions there have really ye purchased one and i actually have it at the hospital it shows where the bar actually labels institutions on this map so you've got the m g h you've got the river shows mclean up up  railroad and every building was torn down the only surviving piece was from the mansion house was what bullfinches signed was a flying staircase that's on display at the of some of the historical museum and then there one fireplace that is actually able to track down through mr shaw that i believe was at the wayside in other than that i don't know yes a portrait ever she's create photography i've checked with every major institution a national art gallery and everybody else portrait gallery there is no record in massachusetts storage facility has the bell not bell that family climb now anywhere from seven to fourteen days short term root units even last three to five  we call it stabilization people are seeing an outpatient basis from there we do have stepped down facilities that help with some of that residential programs and outpatient program such as in e real health partial program where they're all have several weeks not months of outpatient treatment and the like to to to try to keep doing the same treatment regimen and then it's really a matter of monitoring medications and you know in some ways the pharmaceutical industry is discover that the big money makers are in maybe stroke heart not mental health so they're not manufacturing new medications you've got most of them they're losing their patents and they're moving generics and there doesn't seem to be a lot of research going on in that area anymore