as our systems integration efforts proceed we use simulation to run a detailed analysis on each subsystem this tells us whether information from the subsystems is adequate for flight control and we consider the computer cupper units which may be used to process or combine signals we examine each subsystem an age computer coupler unit for these electro mechanical characteristics from this report we proceed to a detailed system block diagram showing signal in loads and outputs between subsystem and two panel instruments here we find problems of interface where two systems meet it's the output of system a doesn't match the input required by system be mostly add a couple or to match these systems or can we reduce the need for couplers by solving some of the interface problems in the design stage display engineering is now ready to undertake our display development program we work closely with w a d c's flight control laboratory under the air force whole panel philosophy notice that we began the detailed design of the display and control system only after we know the nature of the information required by the crew naturally instruments that are in existence or in development will be considered first in terms of our aircraft its mission and its display requirements however we are planning an advanced weapon and we have to consider instrumentation advances to keep pace with it some new does plays will be tested by flight crews at breadboard stage measuring quantitative data in flight control simulation as in this terrain clearance display we know that he for any display can be installed in a production aircraft it must be flight tested by the air force as soon as possible we mockup our first ideas of integrated panels and controls our planned fuel management oxygen then the rest as a basis for continued discussion and for visits by the air force pieces which do not add to flight safety check subsystem design requirements in each flight control mode considering compatibility with electronic ground environments now we are ready to design the switching system we work from the mission analyses and the analysis of flight control modes and signals you'll remember that the flight mode analyses are based on subsystem rather than fli we do not think of this as a climb mode but rather by its subsystem phase such as pakistan now we are reducing to practice the idea that equipment in design stage is modified for systems integration while modification to equipment in production is by couplers constant reexamination of the mission will show the need we say more layout of the flight control system shows an integrated switching package develop from our system brought diagram in manual mode and each automatic mode we know that will be computed display printed to the flight control subsystem we can save time weight and cost by the time the sharing of certain display elements the final layout of the flight control system is guided by our switching analysis report the climax of all those afterward isn't the flight simulation pacelli with the cot bed which is more detailed and more functional than the usual mockup but we want to test much more than how does it look how does it feel how does it fi we'll test these displays and controls in motion the dynamics of the man machine relationships using our computer facility we'll simulate each of the missions intended for this weapon besides tape recording verbal communications during the mission we record positions of each control at this point we are asking ourselves how efficiently can the crew operate this system can we change anything now to improve this efficiency we're going to fly this mission in detail as closely as possible to a real time basis we estimate the time for mission planning has already occupied the pilot one hour and the great flight inspection thirty minutes eleven thirty takeoff time minus thirty and the pilot is brave to fly this mission the aircraft will take off from th will climb to altitude and cruise out it will descend to the deck people reaching the main line of resistance and stay under predicted radar line of sight penetration to the target is high subsonic after the lab's delivery as cape is on the deck climb to most efficient altitude and cruise climb until the recovery system under data link controls descend to instrument as we watch this simulation of procedure before starting engines let's extend our imagination and see how close we can come to visualize in the mission what are the considerations of this weapon and its mission that affect design of its control and display systems for example with this location of air in the dr eric and the stock from the cockpit during engine operation therefore the canopy position is internally wired with the starter switch so the canopy must be down before the engine can be started way visualize a second by second operation considering each function of each subsystem each element of this play and control which affects the crew example we anticipate that a man on interferon can help ground safety if he hears each step of engine start procedure as read by the pilot we provide a hot mike control so that the pilot can have both hands free for the engine start without pressing a button to talk on enter form we consider what systems must be checked with engine running and how long it will take to check each one what can we do with displays and controls that will minimize this time and will get the aircraft into the air with more fuel aboard obviously we must check the functioning of flight control surfaces and hydraulic systems what do we need besides the usual ground crew pilot intercommunication are we providing this plays and controls to make this tech in the least possible time is there a better way than an independent check of each separate system in the interpretation of fluctuating day jews during transients how much should we expect of the pilot check flight controls now we are studying the time of his hunting the next few minutes are full of busy seconds and critical second time  in the pitch up to climb angle of attack remain in safe speed r when we consider the multitude of functions required to fly the aircraft at such times and add to this communication requirement we may be exceeding human capabilities and we provide an integrated tuning system for all radios with memory circuits to reduce the demand on pilots should we provide panel displays of frequencies and channels so the pilot does not have to look down into the cockpit at critical times all right it's now a plus seventeen and he should be letting down for his penetration on the deck to the target in our analysis we assume turbulent conditions at these low altitudes and we figure that the pilots shoulder harness must therefore be logged but let's examine those locked operations can we put important controls such as gun and camera switches on the panel the panel must be thirty inches away for cd jackson clearance yet normal rage with locked harness is only twenty eight inches could all important controls be mounted on side console's with a link to panel displays it's a question things such as these weather interrelated aspects of operational analysis display engineering and systems integration that come out of such flight simulation studies we drive to visualize all the factors which influence each phase of the mission favorably or unfavorably we consider the inputs that can be derive computed and display it in terms of situation look for example at a lab delivery and how it might appear on instruments with a program to save a new or under automatic by control and remember over the target area things happen mighty fast in the center attitude director the horizontal needle commands of four g pull up until bomber leaves now the program's escape maneuver commanding a quarter roll and a dive out to a new heading what would night mean to the mission what about whether what is required of the aircrew in terms of human capabilities and dissipated from past reports and experience plus sixty minutes and he is cruising home ready to be picked up by terminal recovery system such as valves again following the principle of analysis by guidance and control systems we consider the flight control and display functions as the pilot enters the recovery control area and selects the communication channel for data link operations on integrated display data link commands a new heading here again we show the pilot where he is the center airplane symbol in relation to where he should be the display provides monitoring information for the pilot as the aircraft is directed through the autopilot to the entry gate probably approach throughout the entire process we conceive of the pilot as the mission manager with airborne judgment and certain human abilities beyond computers and guidance systems our mission  carried to the limit of our imaginations and our ability to synthesize our purpose is to improve design features of this life and switching systems so the crew will have no difficulties in meeting functional test requirements and we begin our analysis we conclude with the report which identifies problems and recommends action to make requirements but our job really continues through flight test and deliberate of the production articles we have visualized three major categories of effort and the many steps of coordinated activity and it suggest a development program or a weapons system contractor what is your development program the result of objective problem and the right control and display subsystem which provide the best balance between standardization and specialisation utilizing the decision making capabilities of the aircraft and providing for its mission the most effective air force vehicle and weapons