and accordance with our instructions we continued toward the planet which its inhabitants call the earth in order to study their mode of life the intelligent creatures on this planet call themselves human beings and they exist in an amazing variety of conditions some live in heat laden jungles wearing very little clothing on their bodies we found others who cover their bodies with great god enos even though the heat may be just some shovel food into their mouths with tiny silver utensils some use sticks of bamboo wood and some use the five technical like extensions which grow from the lower part of each han some live in huts made from branches and leaves which grow abundantly nearby and some laboriously build huge structures which they slowly fashion out of steel and stone and yet in spite of these great differences we found that all these human beings share many things in common each group has built up its own established mode of living together a network of customs habits attitudes and ways of doing things which it has acquired through the ages this mode of life is called by the earth's social scientists the culture of the group it provides an organized system of behavior for the members of the group giving them a framework within which to shape their lives and presenting them with common motives and goals toward which they direct their everyday activities whether persons belong to a primitive tribe or to a complex civilization they know fairly well but life has in store for them because their culture has marked the way these cultures are vastly different from each other the kind of land in which the culture exists plays an important part in shaping its pattern biological characteristics may account for some of the differences between cultures but the main reason why there are so many different kinds of culture among the people of the earth are the differences in their historical despite these differences there are many universal problems faced by people which there are different cultures solve in their own ways they all have ways of taking care of their material welfare such as caring and ways of providing shelter for their bodies they have ways of getting tools and instruments and other things that they need to help them satisfy their once they all have some kind of family organization in which the culture will be learned and perpetuate this is one of the most basic factors in every culture sense without it the culture would die out all human cultures have language and there are thousands of different ones how much is the thing how they it's got done together in addition they all have gestures which sometimes make mere vocal language seem quite inadequate as a means of communication every culture provides a means for those members who conform to maintain their self respect and the respect of others all cultures through their various religions and mythologies provide some explanation of man's place in the universe and every culture has its way of expressing a love of what its own people think is beautiful however their tastes may differ from that of other cultures every culture has a strong code of what is right and wrong in conduct which often helps to keep things running smoothly this code is called by the earth social scientists the mores of the culture for example it is part of the mores of the culture in the country which its inhabitants called united states to respect private property and although the streets of this country are lined with four wheeled vehicles all looking very much alike the individual will ignore every vehicle but one which he calls his own so powerful is the force of a culture that in a society where male members on certain occasions are expected to wear small horizontal decorations under their chin a member who instead wears a vertical decoration suffers great agony in middle distress what is right in one culture may be wrong in another in some cultures it may be considered right and proper for a man to have more than one wife but in the culture of the united states should a male have on his clothing so much hair from a female not his wife a serious crisis may result the mores may be different for different situations within the same culture on public beaches a person may be seen with very little clothing on his body and this is considered a white man but should the same person appear on the street even though he may have more clothing on his body if he's wearing the wrong type of clothing this would be a violation of the mores of his culture not only would he shock other members of the society and cause great disturbance but his society might also take official action to stop them from this violation of it's mor generation after generation this complex pattern of culture traits is handed down the group has two ways of transmitting its culture to ensure its continued existence one way is through the natural tendency of children to imitate their elders and to learn from them another way is through the directory ching of the culture to the younger generation share your saying you mustn't be selfish people should always your thing oh wow wow formal teaching in schools plays a large part in keeping a culture alive through the generations that  why he said give me liberty or give me death to here an individual liberty was more important than life itself this does not mean of course that every individual's soaks up the culture of his group in exactly the same way the individual accepts or rejects specific cultural traits depending on many things for example his own personality and the environment from which he comes are extremely important factors in determining what he accepts and rejects but there are only certain culture traits on which there can be a choice of acceptance or rejection for example the woman who works at a career has chosen to ignore the culture trait that considers the woman's place is in the home she can do this without serious repercussions but the same culture requires that women must be married to have children and this culture trait is too strong for her to attempt to violate she has no choice but to conform or be subject to great criticism a culture which permits a certain amount of flexibility makes for a more individualistic people a culture which demands too rigid conformity tends to stifle individual initiative thus the individual himself is shaped by his culture just as he helps to shape it because of this constant interplay between the individual and his culture every culture on the planet earth is always changing sometime rapidly and sometimes very slowly these changes occur in different ways one is through diffusion of culture traits from one culture to another the primitive native quickly adopts many of the advanced cultures tools whose value is readily apparent to him on the other hand primitive culture traits like the indian mazes are quickly adopted by the advanced cultures who see value in them at the end eons tobacco has been andean has found great value in the white man's vehicle and the white man has found important values in the indians vehicle two so cultures grow and change through their interaction on each other in the process called cultural diffuse another way in which cultures change just through invention and discovery every technological development brings about a greater or lesser change in the culture  it can well be imagined what an infinite number of cultural traits are bound up with a primary invention such as the wheel with the primary discovery like the use of fire such primary inventions  discoveries have made possible the a mentally complicated the technologically an example is the vehicle called the automobile which runs on four wheels and whose engine is driven by fire  introduction brought fast culture changes especially in the country called the united states the whole pattern of living of that nation has been changed people are moving out of the city into suburban areas farmers are in closer contact with the towns transportation of goods and revolutionised these are only a few of the great number of new culture traits which have been formed around the invention of the automobile but the inhabitants of planet earth do not always welcome culture changes there is often a resistance it's to anything different from the habits of the past uli when i was a girl we wouldn't been caught didn't know michael dunn and that  our young people coming through the day oh granny everybody doesn't like their ride i want to prove that material culture traits like clothing change faster than non material culture traits the youth still feels he should walk on the street side of his companion even though the material reasons such as muddy streets no longer exist the military men salute originally to lift the visor of the knights helmet continues in spite of the fact that knights have been gone for hundreds of years but even the material culture traits change more easily than non material change of any kind is often opposed by vested interests we just can't do it jim we've got too much tied up and present equipment i've seen at work it turns in spite of such opposition cultures are always changing new ways of doing kind of thinking gradually take over but the basic mores on which each culture is built change very slowly thus they provide a set of fairly stable long range goals which all the people of a given culture seek together in their effort to live in a way which they consider  satisfying as already pointed out there are innumerable different cultures on the planet earth many encompass a very small group involving only a tribe or a series of villages start tiny culture  earth people call africa and the other hand the continent call europe is largely covered by a huge civilised culture which is spread over many parts of the earth but whether a culture is a tribal way of life or a great civilization it serves its people in the same way by setting up goals for a way of life through which they can achieve personal happiness if they conform thus knowing the culture of any group change the