you know some things are so big that you just can't see them some things are so small you can't see them ie they're some things move so fast that no i can fully that you have to have more patience than an educator has to teach people to see them some things are hard to understand and some things can't be learned by reading that's what this film is about the problems in teaching and all of these problems and many others i think just did in education for many years teachers everywhere and teachers of every kind of subject matter has sought the answers i suspect are closer to finding the answers today than ever before simply because more people are thinking about educated been thinking about it seriously and motivated by a desire to really do something about it than ever before in the history of our nation we've come to understand more vividly than ever before that education is something more than a service we owe every young american that it may be a vital factor in our national survival that brain power is a force that has the world significance perhaps this is the most important than the most beneficial outcome of all of this talk of critical times in education that more of us are thinking about it and more of us are looking for ways to improve the techniques of education teachers and members of the community alike of course and as we think about improving techniques characteristically of the world in which we live we think of using new communications devices with our overloaded teachers and our overloaded curricula with the many new things there are to dejan a complex society it makes sense to reach out and employ the new technology in the sense that inventions or new films really aren't new some kind of motion pictures of been used in american classrooms for many years and indeed this is one of the great assets of the audio visual teaching technique in the instructional materials attached to it they've been around for a long long time there's a large body of knowledge a large body of materials and a large body of skilled people who've learned to use them and they're willing and anxious to teach others to use them here in wilmette in this midwestern town where i sit now in my office i'm surrounded by people who have been making these films for thirty years and to spend their time seeking ways to make the unique contribution that is the goal of the classroom film typical problem they face is teaching teachers to teach the answers to questions that young people are asking these days about the newest phenomena of our society orbits rockets satellites now i have on my desk rock at our model of a rocket it's a real rocket this is a matter of fact there's a real rocket motor and if i loaded it and fueled it properly i could put it into r but it's a three stage rocket and my failure to get the last two stages apart there's probably characteristic of what might happen in many classrooms but it would be a difficult thing for me to explain to you sitting here using just this model or a genuine rocket how this rocket came to life how it might be fired in such a way as to really go into orbit and what that aura but would look like i'd have to take your mind's eye to some point in outer space and let you look at the world just as we have learned to do in films with the miracle of animation like but you look at the world and see meaningfully and we will see in the first clip in this film what an orbit looks like and what it means when we say iraq it goes into orbit powers there's a tremendously high mountain above the earth's atmosphere where there's no friction with air so part of that on earth there is a gun or shot will soon be pulled to worth by gravity even though it we'll send a shot just fast enough so that the curve of its drop is exactly the same as the curve of the earth since we've assumed that we are above air friction speed isn't reduced therefore the shop returns to the point where it was fired with the same speed it started with and so continues to circle the earth indefinitely as a satellite the fuel in the large pre dated burns out after about two and a half minutes sending the rocket very high then the first stage is left behind as the second stage takes over in ten or atmosphere with less gravity the second stage greatly it has the speed and height of the this stage often contains the guiding devices that put the rocket into the correct path for launching the satellite now the nose cone is released it protected the satellite against the extreme heat of air friction a motor makes the satellite spin to give it stability with the rocket at the necessary hide the final stage fires briefly to produce the great speed needed for o you get some idea of the vexing nature of the teachers problem when you realize that some things just aren't easy to explain try telling a child for example that a caterpillar turns into a butterfly but when you ask him next friday on the quiz he'll tell that a caterpillar turns into a butterfly but the chances are he doesn't know what he's saying and doesn't really understand the process here's where the educational filmmaker really gets his best licks and he uses the magic of time lapse photography taking action that takes hours and days weeks and months and compressing it into a meaningful few moments he uses animation and extreme close up and photo microgravity and he turns an event that can it yourself into one that has a deep educational significance let's see how he does this in the climactic few seconds from a film called the monarch butterfly story this indescribably beautiful creation was about a few days ago a lowly crawling caterpillar but now its recreated body is pumping fluid into the veins of wings destined for the glorious freedom of the boundless skies in about ten to fifteen minutes after its emergence from the chrysalis shell the wings will be fully expanded the monarch groups them limply to dry them in the warm rays of the sun in a few hours they will be thoroughly dry and stiffened by the hardening of the fluid at last the tries it swings and rises this for me but i can't see it either you couldn't see it if i held it right up against the face of the camera and students as a matter of fact can barely see it with the kind of microscopes they use in the classroom in classrooms where there are enough microscopes for every student magnified fifty year on hundred or one hundred twenty times it just doesn't look very big it also looks quite dead what does an amoeba look like alive magnified two thousand times its size and seen in full color how big speaking of microscopic life how big is i want to sell the animal what do one thousand animals look like under the microscope to deliver this information to the classroom we asked one of the great micro for tog refer to dr roman  vishniac to draw the eye of a needle across the field of his powerful microscopes while his camera or recorded the site in color film and then we ask him to magnify two thousand times a living and in color an amoeba and that's what you see in this next film clip sequence from his great film  the amoeba moves simply by streaming from one place to another the body becomes lengthened into what is called a pseudo pod or false foot the end of plasm streams into the pseudopod amoeba with its pseudo pods forms a major group of protozoa since protozoa are usually classified by the way in which they move now how about dealing with things that are invisible that our eyes can't see it all but you can't magnify you run across these for example in the study of the human body that important aspect of biology where we study ourselves how to protect and take care of our bodies maintain our health when it comes to understand something about the living processes that affect us how would you teach sound how people here you can see sound you can see the sound i make as my voice travels through the camera on the sound track in the speaker of your projector and into your ear how do you give a meaningful experience to a young person to whom you're teaching sound our cameraman told us that about the only way they could see that this could be done would be to take a camera inside then look out through the ear this is a very easy to do with most human heads but they're saying that this is the only way you can see the middle ear living cdrom vibrate see those three bones the hammer on the anvil on the stereo doing whatever it is they do that communicate they sound wave of sensation at the ear drum to the brain with remarkable ingenuity in a piece of film that's known all around the world and is widely believed to be one of the most of affected pieces of teaching film ever made they didn't just this in a film called the ears and hearing a magic animation and moving drawings with this remarkable piece of photography in this view we're looking into the middle here  these bones are in the middle part of the ear called the middle ear the largest of the three bones is about one quarter of an inch long the human body is a good example of the sound motion picture and it's best in education almost all of it difficult to understand and difficult to see in action certainly difficult to demonstrate in the classroom about the human heart beats inside of everyone who's watching means beating inside of me you can hear it beating and you can't see it it's a vital part of our complex body mechanism and it's a complex mechanism in itself how does it work how does the heart pump how does that blood get around what do we mean when we say the heart is a pump when we mean when we talk about heart valves a valid to biology student who has never seen a heart valve might be like a faucet in the sink when you see it in autopsy it's just a wrinkled meaningless piece of membrane but when the camera gets inside behind and looks out through a valve while the heart is beating then you understand the function of our  and when the skilled animator takes the height as a pump and with a series of moving drawings shows you just how it functions and you have another of the unique experiences that only the classroom film can bring to the teacher in the classroom