welcome everyone says night's meeting of the gloucester historical society was very pleased to have a guest speaker tonight doing a wonderful presentation on moses greenleaf who is a native of the boston and  means premier mapmaker and this is being put on by all the hurt in north yarmouth resident and i remember their historical society as a great guy to me and she was co author of the north yarmouth images of america america vote turns out was maine's first matchmaker so it was a very important figure in maine history and tonight it may be talking all about him and you're going to learn more than you ever wanted to know but we first met maker but what i'd like to suggest is that maybe we should be calling him means greatest matchmaker if you look up the word great in the dictionary it says it means it has three meanings with exceptional talent or having made remarkable achievements but a significant or important and powerful and influential and i think you'll see during the course of my talk he was all of these things maybe number three a little bit less than we might like and so this idea in mind and we'll see at the end of the talk if you think he is in fact maybe the greatest matchmaker of the state of maine now we're talking about three things this evening one is i'm just going to introduce you to an education project that i've been working on as tom mentioned i've been working as the education outreach coordinator at the library for about three years and so i've been talking about that a little bit and also talk about  contributions to settlement at the local regional and statewide level at the local level he was involved in community organizations he founded schools and churches and a masonic group at the regional level he was involved  in starting transportation networks like roads and also railroads and at the statewide level of course he was involved in making maps and also in publishing books which i'll talk in detail about so the third part of the talk will be specifically focusing on his maps and books and as part of that i'm going to talk about a little context some other mapmakers that went before he did and then of course all paul have several points of interest for new gloucester now to two the very first book or biography of moses greenleaf was published by a man who is a descendent whose name was edgar crosby smith and there hadn't been anything written about moses cream leaf since then so since over a hundred years ago so in the year two thousand six the ocean map library published this book called settling the maine wilderness moses greenleaf his maps in his household of faith and this was published by a man named walter mcdougal and this is a fantastic book i see you're holding a copy of it several of you have a copy it's a fantastic book by mr mcdougal and he there's a picture of walter he's been an educator for many years he lives up in milan maine and what we decided after the library published this book is that it's a fantastic book and the trouble is it's good but it's written at an adult level and there's lots of information in there that we feel like would be good for school children to know and so what we wanted to do when i entered this project is we wanted to find a way to have schoolchildren know about most of screen life and also his maps so how can we get moses in the maps to school children so this was the idea behind the project and what we decided to do was the first thing we did is when i started on the project with a group of other teachers we wrote lesson plans if you've heard that this is these are plans that basically go to the hands of the teachers and they tell them exactly how to teach particular material on most of screen leave so there's like a lesson topic and it has different activities that the students can do and so we with a group of other teachers i designed several lesson plans for grades six through eight middle school and this is the website all of these lessons are now published online and so i see tom's son very what's his name isaac you can take a look at this if you like sometime this is what they look like on the website you can go to this website and you can get all of these lessons for free they're all available and they're all differ topics settlement economic statehood all kinds of things so you can go and take a look at those at some point the other thing in the process of doing this project is we learned that some of the reading because it's adult level was a little bit challenging for young students i actually authored this and as you'll see my daughter was illustrator so this is a picture of lena she has a different last name to my daughter lena champlin i like to tell her when this is her not this and it turns out that students are really interested in this to have had a young person be the illustrator that they find that a little more engaging so that's that's kind of fun so we got to do this project together so i want to talk for a minute about why we call it the primmer i don't know if you've heard that term before but there's a reason we call it the primmer it goes back to  actually the seventeenth and eighteenth century there was a little booklet that children learned how to read from that was called a primmer and it looked like this it had a little picture with it and then a short poem or a phrase and it like to learn the  different letters of the alphabet so for a in adam's fall we send all my life to in this book at ten c the cat death play and after say so you see this is how the children learned their a b c s and learned how to read well you might notice that back in the seventeenth and eighteenth century a lot of these things were focused on religious topics because the only reason that school children needed to learn to read was so they could read the bible and so they were focused on you know bible and other things you know from here's one about  here's the first page of the primer and you see that lena actually did a recreation of sample drawings from eighteenth century primer with the adams fall in the book to life to mend the book attend but she also wanted to show students what a printer might look like today  with some examples that would they could relate to more an apple screen is often seen c o two is banned to save our land in the new cell phone it has great ring tone so that's kind of kind of cute so anyway back in that's what came to be used as a more general word that refers to any kind of a book that talks about basic principles so that's why we decided to call it a primer so it's illustrated and it's going to chair with you all basic principles about greenly so this is the first page the only image we have of moses greenleaf is this the silhouette and we actually have a painting of his brother and i like to think this is his brother simon greenleaf i like to think they were kind of similar you can see that similar sort of clef in their chin  know from descriptions that he had medium build brown hair and hazel eyes he was born in newbury massachusetts in on october seventeenth seven hundred seventy seven during the american revolution he was the oldest of five children he had three brothers and one sisters  was very good in school he was very good at reading and writing and particularly mathematics and this is actually this is in the book that you see the settling the main wilderness this is a genealogy that shows the greenle family and here's moses here showing his siblings and then his children and his father whose name was also moses and his grandfather jonathan you see that he this family is actually related to john greenleaf whittier over on the side here you've heard of the famous poet so in sixteen thirty five moses greenleaf's family came from it's which england and they moved to newbury and eventually moved on to newburyport where his grandfather jonathan was a ship builder and both his grandfather and his father were served in the american revolution and they learned ship design and drafting all of the boys did from the father and grandfather so the greenlee family supported the federalist party of george washington this is a map to showing where newberry is and where newburyport is where they lived and after the american revolution as you know the federalist party declined and so they became very unhappy living in newburyport and they decided to move up into the hinterland of new gloucester they wanted a more rural environment and as i believe you know from florence nelson's history captain moses actually knew george washington he was a mason that up there for ok so when moses was thirteen years old i'm sure you all know this being historians he moved to new gloucester maine where his family built a new house on peacock hill the house was taken down in one thousand sixty nine by thomas moser i learned that from from tom's book and i'm sure you've all seen image of images of this i actually got this image from walter who got it from a descendent somewhere i don't know if you've seen this exact image but this house is no longer standing but lena used this image to draw recreate an image of it as you know it was called peacock hill road because captain moses used to race peacocks and they also had a large apple orchard there i think there might still be remnants of it today and we believe that there was during this time that moses was growing up that he got interested in rural living here's a new thing that i ran into recently when i was doing some research where the reverend paul coffin who is a congregational minister who was traveling around doing a missionary tour of m foxcroft who is the congressional pastor at that time so i thought that was interesting because this guy is a congregationalist and we know that captain moses was not a church member a kind church member as far as we know wasn't a member anywhere his wife  i just looked up in some lists that linda had that his wife joined in eight hundred fourteen after he died and his son jonathan who went on to become a congregational minister joined in the year eight eighteen zero seven and so it's interesting that th sort of his indicating that he was a prominent person in town you know why would he stay with with captain moses well he's traveling around this guy has you know as welcoming hospitable and he stayed at his house which is kind of fun and then maybe you guys know about this road to  he was in new gloucester and then he rode on to when dined with squire smith i don't know who that would be someone i guess and wyndham had you seen that reference before linde ok just wondered so now when moses turned twenty one he opened a general store in the village of new gloucester and he kept store for several years he was never very successful as a store owner he ended up leaving new gloucester and he went on to poland and then candace kagan finally on to bangor having stores in different towns but he was never very good at it and i think the reason that we think that was the case is that he was just a very nice man and when people would come in needing things they would just give it to him he would just give it to him and then they never paid him so he quickly accumulated a large debt and  interestingly it was in the tax records in north your miss show an eight hundred thirteen that his brother simon greenleaf who went on to become a famous harvard professor of law had a store in north yarmouth on route two thirty one so the family looks like they were we don't know exactly where this was near looks like near the intersection of mill road in two thirty one in north carolina so on the way to new gloucester it looks like the family was trying to keep school keep store now in eighty five married persis poor and he wanted to have a family so he realized that with this ten thousand dollar debt that he had accumulated he to find a better way to make a living and so he ran into a man whose name was william dog who was a wealthy boston merchant and william dawoud offered him this great deal which was that he offered to hire him as what he called the resident land agent and what that meant was that he wanted moses to move up into the wilderness area of  ten and form a town that would be called williamsburg after william dog and moses needed to do was he purchased one fourth of the acreage of the town which was about one thousand eight hundred acres he bought it at sixty sixty cents an acre so close to six thousand dollars he paid but then what he's going to do is turn around and sell it and he tried selling it for around a dollar an anchor i don't know if he lots of times he ended up letting it go for less than that because it was a challenging job but part of the contract with william daughter is that he needed to have twenty families moved to the area within the first four years and so this was his new job president landing agent and he took hold of that with great enthusiasm this is a photograph of the area in williamsburg where he actually built his first house and of course when he built it then it didn't look like this it would have been all wilderness there was no road and it wasn't cleared and he moved there in december of eight hundred ten at that time there were eight families in the community next door which was brown bill so it was really out in the wilderness there really weren't wasn't anyone there and so what this was the area of town that moses owned land in and this is the plot this is just a map from eight hundred thirty three showing where he built his first house after a few years he decided that it would be better for him to live on the eastern side of town which is where brownsville is if you know this area here's my lone man down here and this is brownsville because there were more families living there so he moved to another area of land and built another house and this house is actually still standing and it's on a place called  this is what the house looked like in one thousand nine hundred seven you can see there was still an l and there's the edge of a barnes is a newspaper article and this is what it looked like in two thousand and seven so see a lot of the area is gone although it's it's still standing this is what the view looks like from it's a beautiful spot that he chose to build his house this is what the back of the house looks like going to show you this just to see it's a pretty good size house we know that the l was built first this is what it looks like in the backyard and i show you this because if you wander around out there what you'll see is that there's a stone that says near the spot or buried moses and evan greenleaf and members of their family and so we actually know that that when they died they were buried here but unfortunately some time in the late one nine hundred centuries somebody was moaning the land and they picked up the headstones that were marking the graves and they'd set off the side so they could compete lemo the yard and so no one knows exactly where moses and his family are buried so they just they put this stone there just as a rough idea of where they might be and these stones are currently in the brownsville cemetery the next town over so if you want to find out where moses is actually buried it's his backyard and if you want to see is headstones you have to go to the brownsville cemetary this is what the house looked like the last time i visited which was not the last time the second the last time i visited about two thousand and nine you see it's in pretty tough shape part of the reason for this is that the children moved out to the midwest and then eventually on to california so he didn't have generations of descendants around there actually was a descendant his great niece who lived great great niece who lived there until the one nine hundred ninety s and but after that the house kind of started going downhill but you can see that a man a nice man named paul folks has purchased the place and he's working on renovating it now for those of you people who are his i know you're making a face linda who are historic preservation of this you see that they're using vinyl siding so that's kind of hard because it's not being renovated to look historical but on the other hand the house is still standing so it's sort of a hard thing you were happy about that because the house is in tough shape though you can see some of these original boards are pretty pretty wide like back in the day when they were big trees in maine as i mentioned that the l was built first and you can also see on the l and also the side of the house there's remnants of the saw blade and these ones were older than these because you see this this is when the saws were up and down and then this you can see when they invented the round and we know from journals that he carried boards from his first house down to his second house which we made sense and this is the this is just a map showing where the sawmill was this is the site where there were several different kinds of mill sawmills gross mills any kind of mill you can think of here on  back lake and river so this is the first place to build his house in the second place he built his house so this is where the wood was cut this is what it looks like on the inside of the house or at least it did before they renovated it you can see very rough shape with plaster and this is actually something inside the l that has a date on it eight hundred eighty four kind of meat so after the war of eight hundred twelve many new englanders ended up moving westward and that was because partly because of this very tough year that was called one thousand nine hundred froze to death or the year without a summer it was eight hundred sixteen apparently there was basically no summer and i have read that it there was a volcano that occurred which is what caused it and really messed up the weather around here and so i guess it snowed something like a foot in the month of june so all these people farmers that had planted crops they ended up losing all their crops and many people starved and they said i'm not going to live in maine anymore so they head out to the ohio river valley and unfortunately this is right around the time when most of you know he just moved there and eight hundred ten and he's trying to get people to come up to williamsburg and now nobody wanted to come so he was having a pretty hard time selling his land that he had purchased at sixty cents an acre  and so he ended up taking other jobs he had to be he ended up being a justice of the peace so he held court in his home at least once a week so that helped him make some other money now the other thing that moses greenleaf was involved in is this is a famous quote from him maine can support herself by its agriculture but it flourishes only with its commerce so he was very interested in developing industry so that people could have a way to make a living up in there up in the hinterlands of maine and one of the things he did was that he studied indian place names because he noticed that a lot of the indian names describe something about the place and so he actually in one of the books he wrote he put together a list of what the indian place names meant and one of these places he noticed it said something about the rock being red and he thought well what does that mean so he went to visit there and what he found this is or mountain which is up by a cotton iron works and what he noticed is that the red was blast furnace which is the remnant of the kootenai iron works he actually collected some raw iron ore and he forged a horseshoe and he carried it down to boston to show the legislature there that we could act there's actually  potential so there's that's how innovative he was and so there did end up having a ton ironworks got developed there but it wasn't until after his death it ran very successfully from eight hundred forty one to eight hundred ninety and as i said here's the remnant of the blast furnace this is the place where they would melt the iron ore and this is just standing inside there just looking out through the hole but here's a picture of one of the kilns where they were producing wood and you see there's a slab of pig iron that was there in the grass so i took a picture of this is just an image showing when cotton iron works was really working at its full tilt you see that it had quite a system there this is the blast furnace and there was a big elevator that would be used to put the iron ore in the top and there was like before this is if you walk around there you've see all kinds of the slag lying around in the sea how it's kind of bubbly this is the waste product from the refinery in take a look at that and pretty here's some that i collected from another place but sometimes it's blue it's kind of pretty well i'll have to collect that because it looks like a pretty rock ok the other industry that moses greenleaf was interested in developing was the slate industry and he and his brother eben actually traveled around and they looked for slate outcroppings and they used to do tests on that slate and this is you guys all seen slate i  suppose it's pretty there's a lot of it up there in that area maine and there was actually a quarry that ended up being developed kind of right behind his house eventually i guess it was after he died but moses found this slate he thought well what a good thing to try to develop so he tried hard to get  a deal going where people would come up and work in the sleigh quarries and for land that he thought you know no one wants to buy this land maybe i can get him to work and then they can have the land and these gray areas on this map this is a map that we think was originally drawn by  been retraced by walter mcdougal and these grey areas show places where there was slate so again this is his where his house was and there did end up being a slate corey developed the pictures i showed you were right across the line in brownsville but unfortunately none of these sleigh quarries were ever developed in williamsburg even though moses tried his best to get a get it done up in that area of course they use light for roofs i just had a new roof put on i wish i had had it be slate because they last forever this  he's working as a justice of the peace he's working on gathering information about the inland region of maine and he's doing this in three ways he's doing it by personal investigations as i said he's going out and testing the you know the iron ore and the corries but he's also doing it by writing to people he was a quite a letter writer and he had an extended correspondence with all kinds of people who write people and say what do you know about this area of maine and they tell him the third thing he was doing is he was looking at existing maps and surveys and records both state and private so he was trying to accumulate all kinds of information about the geography the climate the population anything about mean he was trying to get all that together and one of the things he did was he was involved in surveying as i just talked to tom serving group recently that he surveyed and his brother who's name is eban did a lot of surveying particular up in the area of moosehead lake and we actually have a  original notebook this is at the main stayed library so you can take a look at this from a serving trip that up around moosehead now just recently while i was up visiting in the area there were i was teaching a couple of a group of homeschool kids and we were touring around the moses greenleaf house and one of these little girl this little graham martha came up to walter and i and said look at this what is this and she held it up to us and walter instantly said that's moses green leaves handwriting and we said oh ok so we started looking at it well it turns out this wasn't a description of an eight hundred twenty seven serving expedition that was previously unknown and it's really interesting here's a little kid holding it looking at it they were so excited they just after that happened they all wanted to find something and she found it she was up stairs and there were some encyclopedias she pulled it up and it was like stuff that was kind of all folded up stuff underneath these encyclopedias so anyway it was very exciting and walter and i have been reading this and have learned that it was about a serving trip moses greenleaf was not on the trip but it is in his handwriting and so what we think is that we know that if you look at what it says the serving trip was paid for by the commonwealth of massachusetts to survey the eleven tenth in the twelfth ranges and it's this area here is right about here so it's they are sort of southwest of qatada so they're surveying and looking around this region evan greenleaf was on the trip and so what we think is that moses greenleaf probably copied all the information down before they sent it on to massachusetts so that he could get the information so here's what they were doing on the trip first of all they were surveying here's just a piece of that showing you know they're talking about different places there and where they make sense to tom it's like coordinates or something west of the bearings there you go bearings thank you tom he's a professional here and then the other thing they were doing is they were recording economic unsettlement potential so you can see in the body of the the letter there are things like from their railway might be constructed or no appearance of slate in the region capable of running logs or transportational be expensive so you can see they're also thinking about you know what it would be like to settle here so the other thing is interesting is that so there were seven men in two battell one was evan greenleaf who is the chainman and dr ezekiel chase and this is interesting because evan ends up being very sick for several days and so it's a i mention it was copied by moses and they meant another surveyor whose name is joseph norris on the way to moosehead he provide a lot of information so there's a lot of neat stuff in this information in this little survey expedition record and so and actually you guys know about spermaceti it's the stuff that's in the whale's head and it turns out that moses greenleaf we learned walter actually knew that he was experimenting trying to make his own spermaceti so it's kind of a cure all for everything and opium so after of law had collected a lot of this information he published his first map of the district in maine in eight hundred fifteen which i'll talk about later this is actually his survey chain and his actual compass that they used in those or at the maine state library never want to go see him in just a year later and eight hundred sixteen he published a little book it was the first book published it was only about me and the map that i mentioned cost three dollars in the book that he published which was called a statistical view of the that that that becomes more meaningful when i'll talk about how he never made any money in one his books or any of his maps so fortunately he was happy to do it for the good at the public welfare most was consciously encouraging the building of do roads because he knew that we needed a way to travel around for people to move into the interior region and so he actually was involved in the building of the first road up from bangor all the way up into the wilderness and this is what's routes to twenty one  eleven now that goes up here there's still remnants of that there's still a road that goes along the road that he was both involved in talking a legislature about getting money for it he also physically was working on building the road as well in one thousand nine hundred william dodge remember him he's the and this is what i was going to mention that moses didn't join the church because it's thought that he was probably an episcopalian which may be why his father kept in moses may have also been an episcopalian but we don't have any records to confirm that but being strong federalists like george washington that wouldn't be surprising now this is an interesting thing that we've learned about the yes of maine becoming a state when each town got to vote on whether it should be a state or not and it turns out that williamsburg voted only two people voted for statehood and thirteen people voted against it now this the biographer of moses greenleaf the descendant said that greenleaf was a state maker of maine which we have to kind of question this because if you look at the surrounding towns they were strongly in favor of statehood but williamsburg itself was not and if you look at those numbers walter thinks it's really unlikely that these two people would have been moses and his brother they think it's more likely that they in fact voted against statehood at this time and that you know they probably were more influential in the community and it's probably their numbers are probably represented here which is kind of interesting but remember that moses was a federalist and although he was trying to promote you know the the development of maine he would have wanted to become a state eventually we believe that he probably at this time didn't think it was a good idea for for maine to separate because of course all the money in the power was in massachusetts and he was worried about cutting us free and then having to be on our own with respect to developing the state so he would have been supportive but it's it looks like he probably voted against it at that time here's another new in bit of information i got about moses greenleaf's politics are particularly williamsburg politics this was a letter that a friend of mine found for written eight hundred thirteen scream and he's describing what the votes are for a particular governor senator and representative in congress and this is just a transcription of it so you can see so this man hutton was a national republican and you can see that interestingly for all three of these candidates i couldn't find who these other candidates were but it's all like the you know the most of the majority of the people in the town are voting for what looks like republican type people which this national republican party came out of the federalist party so again that's not too surprising that they were strong federalists up there know the postal service came to williamsburg in eight hundred twenty one man stickney began to carry the mail from bangor up to williamsburg it was about forty five miles and fun story that we heard as he was apparently a strong he served in the american revolution one time he was had had a sack of potatoes on his back and he startled snapping bear who reared up on his hind legs and apparently he he took the sack potatoes and hit the bear and got away so that's what everyone remembers about samuel sticky he carried the mail for us it's just like nowadays you know no matter what through hail and storm any kind of storm they can get the mail through so use probably the prototype for that this is a map showing from eighteen to four showing the post so this means the roads where the mail would go through this is just an insert showing more details just wanted to show you just taking a look at new england used get a kind of a rough visual for you know basically where these roads were so this is the roads where the mail could travel  know there's quite a few down here in southern new england but you know look look up in maine it's pretty sparse up here and of course right along the coast is where most of the roads are so when moses greenleaf moved up there in eight hundred ten if you look here this is where he would have had to get his mail up in this area bangor prospect and williamsburg is right about here so that's pretty far forty five miles up into the wilderness he they had to have a special you know pony express writer to get between there were the mail wanted lodge now it still exists although it meets in mile an hour this picture walter who is also in the group and it meets in my loan you see they've got these plaques showing moses screen life as the very first master now eighteen twenty five the first stage coach came to the area williamsburg and began transporting people and mail to and from williamsburg this thing went pretty slow so they called it the snail stagecoach or it traveled only about four miles per hour just about as fast as you can walk so it's pretty unpleasant it took about eight days to go from williamsburg to boston now eventually moses talked most of his family into moving up to williamsburg his father had died by that time he died eight hundred twelve but his mother lydia and sister and brother evan all burg and this is part of what he called his household of faith he really wanted his family and friends to all live in this community and form a really strong good community where everyone had good solid values and these ideas were abiding in this old townhouse which used to be exist on the in the back of his land now eighteen twenty nine moses greenleaf published another important book which was like the statistical survey only was a much thicker book this is a reprint of it it's called a survey of the state of maine i don't know if any of you seen this but this thing is full of statistical tables basically information about climate and geography around me and this was published in eighteen twenty nine he also published another map and he published a set of atlas which was a set of seven of their maps which we'll talk about later in eight hundred thirty three williamsburg was divided into two separate towns which was pretty tough for moses this is this map i showed you before just right before it was divided so on the eastern side of the western side became barnard and the eastern side was williamsburg but he recognized that that you know it depended on the particular community and that was what was going to work for that community now unfortunately most discreetly of contracted contacted  typhoid fever on a serving trip and he died shortly thereafter in the year eight hundred thirty four he was he was only fifty six years old he had an acute bacterial infection and so he he got a quite a bit done of john poor who is the one that was involved in the getting the railroad from the atlantic in st lawrence road to come down from canada and go to portland there's a famous quote by him that says that it was because of moses greenleaf that he was interested in the railroad so most of screen life even though is after he died again a lot of the things that he started came to fruition after his death this railroad line is actually still in existence today up in brownsville junction now although many of  journals and so we have some of those there at the main historical society if you ever like to look at them and the very last page of the primer to show some of these places in williamsburg that you can go and see that where the school sites were where the monument is where his house is where the corys were  and so if you're ever on a trip up there you can take a look at where these things are now i'm going to just switch gears for a second and talk for a few minutes about the screen with maps so we say that greenleaf was the first map maker of the state of maine and he was but he wasn't the very first person to make a map of the area of me that honor goes to a man named osgood carleton who was a famous matchmaker he actually had a school in boston where he taught surveying and map making and he was the one that published the first map of the district of maine in seven hundred ninety three moses greenleaf made the first map when man became a state so that's why he was  state of man's first map maker so this is the first published map of the state of maine or sorry the district of maine in seventy nine hundred three and it happened it was published in jedidiah maurice's american universal geography and some of these maps i want to show you i'm i'm giving you a size just so you can get an idea so this was a pretty small map a p i alone just like a regular sheet of paper but one of the things that's interesting about this is that at the end of the war of the revolutionary war in seven hundred eighty three there was what was called the treaty of paris and it said the boundaries between set the boundaries between canada and maine and it turns out that they what they said was that the boundary of the northern north eastern boundary was going to be of this river called the same quarry river well nobody could agree on what the sink or river was because it was a name that was put forth long long ago by a man named demands who is a frenchman who was traveling with champlain and so he named it the same cry but which river was st croix so this guy carlton just said well why don't we choose this boundary which is a really far from much further than ends up being ends up being here he called the current vic river the eastern boundary of maine so if that had stayed we would mean would have been much bigger than it is now carlton published another map and history in the history of the district of maine by james sullivan so this was in a book and it was a fold out map so it's about sixteen by twenty and you see on here the carlton is now given up on this matter go out of a river and he's choosing this river here to be which is actually st andrews is right here so he's including st andrews in the eastern boundary and he said well that's the the same for a river so they argued about it for a lot of years agoa carlton wanted to put together a map of really detailed maps and so he convinced the legislature to actually have each town make their own surveyed map and send it in and then he got all these together and he put him put them up kind of cut them out like a puzzle and put them all together so i just want to show you here all the towns have these and here's a survey of north you are a theme seventy ninety five and here's a survey of freeport you can see there's a little hook that fits right next to it and of course new gloucester shown to show you next time actually copy this for me you guys have won a new gloucester this one was done by committee it looks like in seven hundred ninety four so here's your survey of new gloucester and their little edge of north yarmouth and then freeport here that's just shows you know two thirty one and so i ask you carlton took all of those town surveys that he got and you put together another map he actually did several in the late eighteenth century and this is one that was published around seven hundred ninety nine now in seven hundred ninety eight they had figured out that they decided that the same cry river was actually where it is now which is on this side of st andrews they left st andrews in canada and the way they decided that is they found a little island at the at the border there or write it right at the mouth of that river that had some ancient artifacts so they figured that must have been where champlain and his group were camping and so that must be what the same crime river is so they decided they had figured out the boundary and then they just went to the headwaters and then went straight north and so this was the correct boundary was defined by seven hundred ninety eight so this is a large wall map now carlton put together in another map in eighty two which was most beautiful map of the district of maine and he ended up dying in eight hundred sixteen which of course paved the way for moses creamy to be able to start becoming the the map maker of me this is the this one on the left here is an image of the i'm not meaning like the state of maine i'm meaning like a state of a map maps are made by carving into copper or sometimes steel and before eight hundred forty all the maps were made this way so this is kind of would be look like you've car and so what's nice about that is that if you discover some new feature some new river that you don't know about you can easily just carve it in or if there's a mistake you can just take a hammer and pound out the you know the problem and so you can use the same copper plate which you imagine they're very expensive and make new states so that's what they say is a state of a map has to do with it's the same copper plate but they just make changes and then print other copies ok so it turns out that the eight hundred fifteen hundred twenty map were the same or different state of the same copper engraving so here it is the first published map of the state of maine which i also have posters you guys are interested in those this was a large wall map much larger than that twenty five by plate so now eighteen twenty nine greenleaf published three things an updated map so a brand new map so this one's a new copper and grading so it's going to look really different an atlas with seven maps and another book which i showed you  already so all three of these cost sixteen dollars it cost him ten thousand dollars to produce all of these the main legislature ordered four hundred copies but he made no profit so again public welfare his reward so here's a copy of his new map from eight hundred twenty nine in there went and ended up being five states total of this particular map so eight hundred thirty two he published updates in forty three and then to two other times in eight hundred forty four this is a very large map that includes a large part of canada you can see the st lawrence river and also new brunswick now you'll see that on these later maps the northern boundary is going to be defined and i'll talk about that a little bit you've heard about the webster ashburton treaty of eight hundred forty two well at this point the reason that he shows so much is that we don't know where our northern boundary is that doesn't come until eight hundred forty two i want to show you this there's some kind of interesting stuff here and help from the historians this is just a blow up of the eight hundred twenty map so here's new gloucester sorry about that this is so this map was put on linen and so that it could be folded up so unfortunately the linen went right through where new gloucester is so you can't it's kind of upset there but it's interesting so this i guess would be two thirty one and then i guess that's gloucester hill road i guess and this was the thing i find interesting i wondered about thompson p who knows what that means ok so you there was apparently a little bit longer piece of new gloucester at some point in eight hundred twenty and there's also a strip that goes out this way so look at that this is what new gloucester looked like in eight hundred twenty collect a big cross kind of cool and then by eight hundred forty three map i think there's still a piece of this so i'm kind of curious about that like if you look at the modern day map of new gloucester there's still a little hunk of that plantation that's on there which is not shown in this eight hundred forty three map and also this little in let here is gone but one thing you'll see is that now there's a couple new range roads i guess that's the penny road that you don't see over here and then look at this here there's a road that seems go way through and i'm guessing that that's from white's  corner did you guys know that the road seemed to go all the way through at that point in time anybody or that but that's what the map shows it could be incorrect but it looks like there's a range of the red all the way up here and i guess this is like the mail road or whatever there so anyway and this looks like a new road which i don't know that's kind of where the highway goes through now route one hundred so i don't know if you knew that see that's different that's not on this map here this would be the peacock hill road here which is shown here but i don't know what this road is so anyway it's fun to study these things you guys can take a look at this later and try to figure out what those were in tar and when and when they were put up i'm sure there's tax records and information about it too so this is an interesting thing in just last year march of actually this last year just a few months ago in march two thousand and eleven there was this newspaper article published in the bangor daily news and have any you ever heard of her this is roxanne quimby who owns a lot of land in the state of maine she owns one hundred twenty thousand acres and so this this newspaper article was about how she's interested in donating a lot of her land she wants to donate seventy thousand acres for a national park up next to baxter and she wants to give thirty thousand acres in another location to hunter hunters huntsman who want to go up and and shoot deer and things like that and she's doing that partly to try to placate the different people in maine but what the thing is interesting about this is we were instantly excited because she's a multimillionaire and look what she's got on the wall this is i don't know where this is taken if this is in her house but she has an eight hundred twenty nine or eight hundred thirty two moses greenleaf map on hold the hall and not only that if you look carefully look what she's holding in her lap the same thing that you're holding in your lap that's walter mcdougal's book on moses screaming if and so we'd love to talk to her component hey you're obviously interested most clearly what's funny is i don't know if she's actually read the book because if you look in the book  here's what it describes greenleaf and others particular around the time that man became a state thought it was morally wrong for anyone to own more land that could be used for the personal immediate improvement and so maybe she's reading about that thinking about you know her use of land maybe that's what inspired her to donate her and who knows but it was kind of interesting that she's obviously knows a little bit about moses greenleaf i'm just going to show you quickly a couple of these atlases that are couple of maps in the atlas that he published in eighteen twenty nine because they're kind of interesting four of the seven have to do with the northern boundary and so this is just moses basically is arguing by maps that maine deserves more of the boundary than then canada is trying to claim  and so this is the line that the british were claiming and this is the line that moses said was correct based on that original treaty which said that all of the waters that flow to the st lawrence should belong to canada and the waters that flow into the atlantic should belong to me well they the british were claiming that there was a highland here and moses knew a lot about this region because he had surveyed it and he knew that it wasn't the case so he published another map here showing exactly where these head was all these these waters are headwaters of water that flows into the atlantic so he's saying all this land up here belongs to me even though british britain was trying to claim that it was down here and the next map here he says  this says something about the imagined head highlands because they're not there they don't exist in another another thing you publish was this just showing different elevation gains from one spot to another just to prove i mean he was like a scientist and he really just of proved that this is not you know what british the british people are imagining is just not the case that doesn't exist there another map that he published was a really interesting one showing where different land came from different grants from the crown and all different things and that's in his his eight hundred twenty nine atlas here's another one that this is a thematic map which shows the population of maine in seven hundred seventy eight in one thousand eight hundred eight hundred twenty so you can see the blue is you know the first land that was settled and then the pink and then the yellow and the thing that's interesting is in eight hundred twenty one main became a state this little arrow right here is the geographic center of the state of maine so you see all of the population is south of the geographical center so that's you know that kind of different than many states that are that become states you know at this point in time that all the population itself knowing that there's a whole bunch more land up here that's completely undeveloped and just such a powerful visual this is another thing that was one of his alice is just showing that the climate or the temperature difference comparing williamsburg to other places around the world just to say that look it's not very different than places in england in places in connecticut so you might as well move here he was ignoring that eight hundred sixteen year so this is the final map that was published it was actually published by moses greenleaf jr who is the third moses in the line after his death because he died in eight hundred thirty four  final big magnum opus i guess in eight hundred forty four beautiful wall map that's printed on linen or laid on linen this is just a comparison of some of his different maps to show you that how much the area around so this is moosehead lake the lake regions particularly change over time you know as more and more information we start to take for granted that you know but at one point this all of this wasn't known and had to be explored and so you can see it if you compare different regions of the map over time that they change the state purchased five hundred copies of his final map here too but again as i said it didn't help him much let's talk for a minute about visions first as a reality so this is hindsight after two hundred years greenleaf predicted that the state would reach a population of nine hundred thirty two thousand eight hundred seventy but in fact it turned it took until one thousand nine hundred seventy for that to happen and so he was really a lot more optimistic about how long it would take t settlement than it actually was early statehood everything north of williamsburg was forest as i showed you in that map but he envisioned and hoped that all of this would become settled communities but what's happened instead is that all of that area is basically cut over now except for the aristocrat farmland so it didn't quite go the way he was hoping he was really wanting settlement he really wanted settled communities rather than people to buy up large tracts of land and just you know destroy it exploited is he wanted it to be developed into nice you know towns and things like that so now this is a my last slide here is just a picture of the website of the maine state house if you look on here there's all kinds of famous people that are you know abraham lincoln hannibal hamlin joshua chamberlain william pepperell and there's a blank spot there that i created for moses greenleaf don't you think that mos greenleaf should fit in there as means first and greatest mapmaker i think that's the end of my talk there thank you very much for your attention well that's a good question you're right he must he was probably taking the optimistic view saying this is what you know where i know that we do that man deserves you know based on the highland regions which he knew a lot about as i said he defined it what ends up becoming i should show you on the map the sounder that they end up settling on in in one thousand nine hundred two is a compromise but it's much closer to where moses screen life it's pretty close to where he decided it was over that's a good question it's somewhere a little bit north of williamsburg which would be i could kind of show you on this well you could sort of see it visually on the map williamsburg is like right about here so see this is eight hundred twenty so still he's got i mean i think see this river here this is what ends up being the boundary so and this is where he was saying the boundary was and this is where britain was saying the boundary be so if it weren't for moses greenleaf me would be a lot smaller you know it's his partly his convincing maps that really showed people you know this is scientific this is what the treaty says let's explore the land and find out where the boundary really should be sorry i don't know the exact words but that be good to know  ocean map labor you can look at and a neat book on maps of maine and other some posters and things like that if you're interested