two thousand for coming to the united states he claims the protected asylum grounds of his chinese ethnicity and his christian religion at the outset we note that the subject of component for asylum dissatisfied because the immigration judge expressly found that both mr crean and miss ronnie were credible witnesses an under sail the ashcroft record shows he is also a member of a significantly disfavored group of indonesia's ethnic chinese minority under the disfavored group analysis the more serious and  widespread the threat to the group in general the less individualized threat a persecution needs to be and that's to say ok so that night twenty four nine twenty five as a result mr  during this ordeal the g a m members tortured him beat him with brass knuckles and then a sort of us finding made by the immigration judge at page forty eight of the record chinese and that's in the record at page one of six he heard this religious do another he heard the g a m members describe how they were attempting to steal chinese own burden in this case and he has also shown past persecution given the beatings in sale there was no physical violence in this case there was this case on the facts it's comparable at least to sa stereotypes the sale decision goes into that a great light they are scapegoated because of their perceived wealth so that's another point in support of o i don't think anywhere in the record he thought the reason he was kidnapped is because he was chinese he said he was he was kidnapped because he had money and you're saying that the i j a should have inferred in the context of everything else the that he wouldn't have been suspected of having money if he hadn't been chinese well that's correct and i think the words in a context or anything else are very appropriate in this case what about what about the fact that the record shows that you might even become a christian until after he was already in captivity well he said that he essentially had no bethany and he prayed in the muslim the kidnapping connecticut based on his religion well only to the extent that there's an interplay between it this is really and religion in a danish it could be buddhism which was just one religion which is about one percent of the population of christianity which is about ten percent of population about eighty seven percent of population cording the record as a mus a noted that one member of mr kareem's from family his son danny was residing in the media at the time of the decision on august twentieth two thousand and two however it's undisputed contention that we have here and left in the nisha for that reason those were not weighed by the i j a there is just adverse factors analysis within the discretionary  what the government's position is that petition is a fail to show that the evidence of record compels that conclusion contrary to the one reached by the agency in this in this case because the the board affirm about opinion were based on looking at the immigration judge's decision the government feels all the government thinks that the pivotal issue in this case is not so much whether or not there was any harm to mr karim or to his co petitioner but whether or not that harm was occasion was that were perpetrated over a period of time over a period of a couple of years the first incident took place after the petition to have been paying explosion money to this group called the g a o and had demonstrated to g m inability to fact i would take issue really with the position as assertion that he offered the money once he was kidnapped that doesn't appear in the record he was requested or they require that he pay seven hundred fifty thousand and fifty million s it's no matter for me and that's prior to the kidnapping incident self he talks about the fact that he was singled out on this bus petitioners in his brief notes are point to the fact that he was the only chinese individual on the bus however when the petiti asked why it was that he was singled out he states on the record that it was because they thought he was in the military because of a short haircut never to testify that it was because he was chinese and even on cross examination he confirmed that by saying when asked did they say anything to you when he said you are military are probably in for preservation of that but that's what he said so there again it does not indicate that he was targeted because he was a chinese and even though he might have appeared to be by his own testimony he states that it is he was targeted and he wasn't but he was targeted because they thought he was in the military and again  states it is the g m that was the individual or he believes it was the g m although there's no other evidence to indicate that except that's who it was and the third incident which occurred in november of two thousand the he and his wife were driving religion they didn't know at the time or there's no indication at the time that they knew that he was a child of christian faith he probably was obviously chinese that's not me but there's nothing to indicate that if he was not then he would not have been robbed according to the record of evidence it appears that he was nothing more than he is worth nothing more than targets of opportunity you know that situation petitioner argues in this brief that a reasonable inference may be drawn that because petitioner is that the chinese that they are a greater risk of persecution and that may very well be however a criminal act which happened on to at least all of the three occasions all of the occasions were actually criminal acts but on the final to the last two occasions those were not persecution as defined under the immigration and nationality act there is evidence of just like i said before that the issues were nothing more ensure racial fighting or interethnic fighting going on in indonesia in certain parts of indonesia not in all parts of indonesia i don't know that the that the government is able to control them in certain but again they haven't completely stamped out the ability of the g a m to perform acts and they're not the only ones who apparently operate in indonesia to do to perform craze i think that well my understanding is that in order even if you are a member of a disparate group yes you have a lower individualized individualized respect you still must show some risk of persecution on an individual basis and based on the record in this case the petitions are not showing that they were persecuted because of one of the enumerated grounds and of the i the kidnapping that some harm did not come to him you are saying is that that was not on account of one of the grounds are the race i mean ethnicity or religion had that been the case he may have been able to show that that once they held him for a certain amount of time and it became clear they weren't going to get any more money that they took the money that they could and released him my and my reading from a lot of the country the country what is the g a m many are many occasions kill because he was chinese our chinese ancestry descent there was another reason for it and that reason is wife allows a lot of the military the military has the immigration judge to find that he was not  two hundred thousand rupee yes it's not no matter for me and and for that incident they asked me to have coffee and went after i have coffee and that then asked me to walk and where did they take you they took me and on the road to that direction they cover my head so that's what the offer comes in in terms of the second incident he was the only this is the march two thousand and seven while riding a bus between a chain and million he was the only chinese on the bus so one can reasonably infer from that that he was targeted by well that's just that's just testimony but the fact that he's chinese invisibly chinese we think lends to a reasonable inference on that particular point that you could also when the political unrest have alternated with periods of relative calm that sentiment emerges at times of social upheaval when ethnic chinese are often made the scapegoats for indonesia's economic and political problems and of course