farrel for all her hard work to organize our program tonight the media center for recording this event and the glory of bushman for organizing the refreshments that will be served after the program as a quick reminder of the belmont historic site he will be having open house at our wellington hill station which is located at two common street here in belmont this sunday september twenty first from two to four p m we hope to see you all the e to learn more about our going to zation and to if you'd like to join our nation please visit our website w w w dot belmont historical society dot org our program tonight is about the life of francis cabot low a boston area industrialist who led the way in america's industrial revolution our speaker tonight mike rosenberg was a long time resident of the boston area before moving to chicago and while in boston he was inspired by the legacy of our area's industrial history that he saw and the his many of the historic buildings in this area following a career in medicine he began to study and write about the development of industry in america as we will learn tonight much of the that development has its roots in eastern massachusetts mr rosenberg's book the life and times of francis cabot lowell seven hundred seventy five to eight hundred seventeen will be the focus of tonight's lecture and will also be on sale tonight after the program we're happy to have him here with us please help me welcome story tonight is the life and times of francis caboclo born in newport and raised in in boston where he lived most of his life and died at age forty two this is nothing to do with the scottish election  tomorrow about the virtues or vices of independence but let me start to think about saying that from what i can i've read the massachusetts or new any day and in general had a tremendous pursed of creativity after the example the one thing they did was the status quo the columbia that left boston in seventeen nineteen and made its way down the coast of north america all right down the coast of south america around around the world the first american boat to go around the world came out of boston returned four or five years later and set out again within months after that there what is the significance of that whether he'd determined how wide america was typical about bostonians did to create the beginning of the american industrial revolution this is what he did and now if i were to go have our walk with with some of you would take us maybe an hour and a moody street crosses the charles river and you peeped over the side of the bridge looking east you'll see the waterfall now why is this important because when when you want to power in the late eighteenth century just off the waterfall to go into them but to the machine room and turn the water wheel which then turned the machines so if you think of it for those of you who are who are from this area the only waterfall of any consequence from boston is this one in waltham it's about eight or nine miles by the cross as the crow flies so when francis capital old living in boston was looking for a water supply a water power supply eighteen seventeen eighteen feet from the top to the bottom you know a grove of crone in the us well it's that area and the and what and what the waterfall did when you build up a waterfall  to keep the machines running year round so that's what they did if you look around the new energy or find a fair number of these dams with with or with built a waterfall and the dams are the supply of power in a sense eighteen fourteen which is over two hundred years ago just a couple of months ago it's been expanded by another building here and yet another building there but this is the original building and apparently the picture of it is  where he got it from from great britain in in eighteen ten he and his wife and four children went on a gentlemen's tour of of europe and the intention was they would go to england and then up to scotland and then to wales and then from london go to the continent but that that was the time of the napoleonic wars and he couldn't get a visa or whatever you needed then to cross over into europe so he spent almost two years or just over two years in england and wales and he apparently although there's no documentation that i could find he screwed around and use the id and he looked around to see what was happening and then meant that he could bring back to the united states and he was living in edinburgh for about six months of the hobnobbing with the high society of edinburgh and he may or may not have gone to this mill which it was  it was called and these were the combination of the factories and the houses for the workers of the mill so that's where he got the idea from that you needed a river a powerful into cloth in one building this is where the idea came from and so these were the workers cottagers now the thing about england or britain at that time is that they had tons of workers because  a humongous crafting business of people spinning and weaving in their homes and when they dust revolution came these people were unemployed so they came to the factories and you really had a kind of dickensian experience of thousands tens of thousands of workers coming to the factories because they had no work and being employed for next to nothing to work in the factories doing the things i had done at home by hand and now they were tending to the machines and the machines are show you have built the machines the machines that all the work and the human being simply fed the machines and make sure the machines were working properly so that saved us revolutions a bit dehumanizing but that's how it works and they were probably done at the same time how this survived and nothing else of him did not survive i don't know but it's not as if he was too poor to have a picture done to go spend of his relatives had the elegant  they did laureus and he could easily have had a portrait of himself made but one does not exist the next picture is are these gorgeous wife hannah jackson lol and it then became the best of friends went up to new reports and lived side by side and raise families side by side and friends as best friends where the jackson boarders and his wife was one of the america and was asked to go up to new report why did report because it was a frontier and they were afraid of the indians and they were afraid of the french coming down so they saw winthrop was sending up people to live in the report and to make sure it was part of the massachusetts bay colony so this is the john lowe the sixth or seventh generation of lowell's went to harvard around seventeen sixty graduated as a and davies articles as a lawyer in those days there was no law school so you got another lawyer to work under and he did that he found the best lawyer in boston became a distinguished lawyer seems to be quite a sizable commission of the property so he was there at the right time because people who are senior to him were loyalists to fed the country and the sky wave it whether to join the british or join the americans he picked the right side and and benefited from it by becoming a pretty wealthy guy and bored him self for a property called brumby heath in roxbury which then was eight miles or five miles outside of boston and one gentleman did was to have a country house so he had a house in boston and he had a country home and rock springs from the heath exists to the state by the same name it is a housing estate so you can go and see any time under eleven years of age and they regarded her as an angel and she took care of them including francis capital and there's some lovely letters which i found and the archives of the mass historical society where he and his schoolboy classes of phillips and over and he graduated from their age thirteen and went to harvard age thirteen but this is a she used to be the third wife of john bolton senior and her name was paint y n g because she was married to mr tang of things or a frame but her maiden name was and was russell and the russell child stone her father was a judge in the colonial administration with watercolors rather than oils i think and if you go there to the new wing and you'll find john jonathan jackson a dandy if ever i've seen one very self conscious legs appearance he had five or six then educated guy who got into twined with the with a load of a higher intellectual level i don't see how high class but they were they were were were hired highly educated and she became the second wife of jonath jackson the jack says originally came from newton and then moved into boston so they are also an old yankee family so this is she and i'll show you heard some of the children this is are all the son charles jackson who went to harvard with  hospital i can go into more detail but he was a very prominent physician around the back but not that pay around boston of the time because there was no back pain and he got involved with the best general and he was the first practice his boss and the third one is the crazy jackson named for his grandfather the same patrick crazy the irishman i talked about before and he when he saw the ran out of money is as a word given mainly to a young guy maybe eighteen nineteen who what they do in those days is that they would rent or buy a ship six seven eight guys eight prominent men and load up the ship with their goods and then you'd trust a young man to make sure the goods reach whatever country europe or india or whatever it was going and sell the goods at a profit and buy whatever he could buy with the money to bring back to america and they were called the supercargo supercargo and he was a supercar good age about fourteen fifteen so it was a trust of him tremendously to deal with  general hospital which still stands to stay i think is used as a church but it's there and that was he's churches there was a minister for a long time he lived in cambridge and these houses now the house of the president harvard so it's on that fancy street where all the lovely homes are what used to be farm homes up to the river and then that area was sold in front of them but what the the the best of it because he took over his father's practice now he had his if i can say comeuppance in a hit or two when he was representing a young man in devon who had eventually killed or may have killed his girlfriend and the story was that he told his girlfriend was dead and she being stabbed about twenty times and he said that she had stabbed herself and that she didn't think that a wind from her back case in his life had a kind of a panic attack and the rest of his life was of the same incipit fella bemoaning his panic attacks or post traumatic stress disorder and he never worked again in his life but luckily his eighteen and went and spent a year in france during the french revolution as a supercargo he went as a supercargo stayed for about a year learned french and wrote back stories about people being gay or t and he did and he just had their jolly good time you spirits were frantic but he enjoyed himself when he came back because i said you have to be serious and you have to start any money and he came back to boston to become a  and this is a war for alongside the wharf where docks and alongside the docks were the offices of the merchants and the merchants would buy things that came from abroad and would still things from america so sugar and then they would sell stuff mackerel and dried fish all the way to europe and bring back wine and bring back stuff that was desirable including getting into the india trade or the east a few other guys built they built india was to deal with the india trade the trade between america imagine the distance american indian american china america in japan  america in it and indonesia spices and silks and crockery and all that stuff that satan was doing the same thing but there was being done out of boston and this is india wharf and next to it is a street where the retail trade took place broad street it's still there in boston but so they built this is what francis caboclo built both indian wharf and broad street so that that's where the goods came in and this is where the goods were sold so pretty savvy cost a lot of money but they had to build the the with the war from the whole thing cost thousands of pounds thousands of dollars even then how they got the money it was a complicated thing  color for the for the for the slaves so so this building had about i think twenty four officers on this side and twenty four officers on that side and each merchant would on the wharf on india wharf and that's how the trade was done so this building was built by him and a guy called you're right cutting k or c o t t i n g and a few others they financed it and then sold the merchants and this became the center of the of the textile industry and other industries importing goods from the from the east indies so even as a young man he was importing c now just as an aside cloth is very important because the british industrialization was based on the fund on the discovery of machines that could make lots and cloth transformed the industries of europe from handmade industries to machine made industries working at five or ten times the speed of handmade industry so francisco below is thinking about these things and and sit in circles the whole time and three drop dead they get another one and that the machines are very scientific and very poorly done and lost money the only thing a famous i george washington went through the town and made a made cotton of the great crop of the south which caused the increase of slavery and causes the civil war amongst many other things but this is the guy who did it and the revolution of discovery the founder of brown college brown university a slave a slave trader on the side he got the idea of of weaving of spinning thread in rhode island that would use water power in england region arkwright use water power to make cotton thread and he became immensely wealthy from that discovery because all the rich and he said or are going to do it and he did it but he became bankrupt because at that time people would smash in the sheens because he was like the great threat to the tens of thousands hundreds of reckon he's he's not see you left a lot of notes and something compile them in order so when i did this research they were in order from age five until the day before he died and only work he's notes time boston or new england was essentially a farming place with some people making bunny or fish and these few merchants making a lot of money or some did some didn't o export import and he was one of the great export importers and francis capital all turned to him and he became the first ally outside the family the other people who contributed to the to buy to fund the factory were the jackson brothers and they put some money in but i think it was francis covered loads of money that he lent them to put in because they didn't have much money and he had quite a lot of money but this guy was instrumental in turning the merchants from import export to production at home so all this happened around eighteen fourteen and by eighteen thirty the money in massachusetts and as i said he was the first one to become involved he was also a united states representative from massachusetts interesting guy and he was he was the father in law of  longfellow so the longfellow house in cambridge is what he bought for his daughter who died when she was trying to put some candle wax on a letter and then she she dressed in a dress it went up in flames and she died one of the interesting fellows in this whole thing is paul moody who was a really machinist made made little machines in a mystery and francis capital oh in nineteen eighteen fourteen eighteen fifteen put an ad in the local paper saying he wanted to machinist and this guy got the job so he came from emissary to waltham and became the engineer who built the machines that francis cabot lol had seen in england and had visualized them and could describe them so the spinning and the weaving machines and walther were built by this guy by paul moody who could take an idea and put it into practice and then he built what is called the waltham machine shop to build machines for other enterprises for other cotton manufacturers so he is a very important man and he was to say under educated by the old standards but he was very smart and and he went later to lowell and did the same thing and lo and he was the director of the old machine shop you needed good management and you needed workers now this area including waltham was a small town waltham then was about a thousand people farmers they didn't have the tens of thousands of  unemployed and initial scottish workers that would flock to the factories so they had to get the gold for the young laborers from the farms of vermont maine and new hampshire whose parents were willing to let their daughters come on condition they earn money and to that they were properly cared for and probably housed so francis lowell built the dormitories of the boarding houses that became a characteristic of the early mills very paternalistic and they were looked after by by people who would take care of them make sure the girls came home at night and they were carrying on with guys stuff like that and that and these young ladies stayed in germany for four or five years and money went back to the farms and got married underground the subway and they built they dug about three hundred sets of bones one of which was francis caboclo the other was his wife and the transport of the them to another cemetery to forest hills so if you want to lowe all dressed up like like gyptian smoking his pipe and what he did there was by antiquities a whole side like forty fifty at a time and you go to the museum of fine arts and you look to see who the low institute which was sort of the beginning of the adult education movement in america having a distinguished professor talk to lay people like myself and hundreds and hundreds of people would come to listen to the old actions and they of waltham and they named the city of lowell after him because they had run out of water power in waltham and they needed a more powerful river so they being nathan appleton and paul moody went up to the next would be dead for five years before that and they built who ever has been to low anyone i mean ideas it must have been extraordinary as humongous factories which had three or four thousand workers each of them mostly young wom of john law and he wrote to use his father in law to be said you know it's not and i love it it's not this one i love but i love rebecca and he's fallen and she's only fifteen and he that built that wonderful museum of the fenway which is one we all know and that's part of the legacy of the old the other legacy is by lowell who built the museum of fine arts and also he was the where with their house the young girls until the place become swamped with immigrants and then they didn't give a hoot anymore and it became catch as catch can and irish people and greeks and other people came to live in lowell and change the city from a yankee city to a modern industrial city and then by about eighty ninety the factories began to decay and the people who ran the factories began to send the work to the well there was mass there were paying the immigrants next to nothing and of course there was exploitation because even cheaper in the south so there they were transferring the factories one of the things and lois had built lol the sheen show these great machines that did the this is one of the machines another couple that is another of these machines used in the cotton manufacturing and then they got into text oh ok this is a picture of  girls and so you see a picture of the factories there would be a hundred or two hundred of these weaving machines and these these young woman would have to stand by the machines and supervise the machine in case in case the thread broke or the power when it began to use the technology and sent the work to china and the chinese now make the machines we don't make the machine and if you lose the technology it's hard to keep up at least in the field of cloth making and stuff like that ok and this is a picture of one of the great machine shops and the hundreds and hundreds of workers who work there and they also made the famous engines th world and the consequence of this whole thing was things like child labor and lowell and lawrence and the chicken all over the had hundreds of kids who were fourteen years of age or younger working doing scut work and getting paid next to nothing the very bottom of the labor payment schedule and i think the celeste maybe one of the last from this is a picture of the boston and decided to open a factory in the south because labor was cheap or they could use child labor and they were given all kinds of benefits to open factories there and this was the beginning of the flight of the industry from new england down to the south and that happened with all the factories so that by nine hundred thirty or so low it was an event wished city but i still think  know francisco goodloe was the man who started all this thing and he has been dead no all those two hundred years thank you