seven in india which spoke about a mother india which was this idealistic woman who you know is able to be nationalistic and live up to all the patriarchal requirements of society so this move this this particular forth and lastly just one last point is that you know the access to the online public sphere was only seen as a means to the end of access to the physical public sphere so while all of these women were engaging and organizing in these movements through the online space were seeing this as a means to the end which is to access public spaces in the physical realm so i've been told that i'm running out of time so yes i'll leave us with this thought for now and you know we can look at the other images  have more time thank you thank you amrita that was really good and this reminds me that i am always really happy that we when we manage a theorizing the web to have panels where there is people doing research not just in the western kind of societies but also you know in other places which apparently prove you know to have very different pictures of what citizenship means what gender means what politics means so so it's it's really great that i think this panel is doing a really good job on that so our next presenter question paul s had a different response at draftsmen philosopher derek parfit famously uses cases of split brain patients to argue against the necessary unity of consciousness the idea that the brain can only support one stream of experiences singular person who consider fernando pessoa the portuguese poet who published under seventy five different personalities he called those personalities hetero names and each had its own distinctive history and voice alvira the campus people on the toolpath subreddit deliberately try to cultivate the stupas and there are very detailed guys out there for how to achieve that those guys reveal that growing a tuba is not necessarily an easy task it can take hours and hours of practice been used in the context of social networks in any situation when one can generate multiple fake accounts to to promote a certain viewpoint or claim to make it appear more popular than it actually is the name sybil comes from th the famous psychiatric patient with sixteen different personalities whose case study popularized associative identity disorder sybil attacks as i'm sure you're aware have been all over the news over the past year from russian tables being deployed to that around this means of differentiation as single continuous records of social files can be attached what happens when an differentiate copies of ourselves become possible when there is no longer a one to one correspondence between bodies and identities when there is no single body to which one can attach those social facts it's hard to tell but perhaps the aura of the individual much like the aura of our objects will diminish as your identity production becomes more and more feasible so perhaps this performance which lasted for years the artist created a completely made up identity that of roberta brad marr to become roberta bright more lisa not only had to change your appearance including clothing makeup and alternate body language she also another example the essential guide to performing michael mandy berg is a guide created by artist michael mandy berg for the purposes of teaching others how to behave like michael mandy work including how to replicate his behavioral traits as if you signed in from any account of your choice providing a window into someone else's social media point of view with this project i wonder what is the difference between experiencing my own identity online versus experiencing someone else's identity is it possible to share attendance with each other turning them into a new kind of comm we're doing exceptionally well on time anna studies was so disciplined he's got two minutes left so so we can all engage in some roleplay for house but also what a great idea maybe for the next theorizing the web will bring the game in and political theory at the university of virginia where he works on the notion of enfranchisement within democratic theory specifically as it relates to emerging digital political practice and colin's presentation is also called digital enfranchisement and nodal citizenship because i think unlike some of my other presenters i'm interested in the received pictures of potential civic agency associated with digital technologies and how these receive pictures have been transmitted to us and so the talk takes a historical look at what i call vocal citizenship and how that model of citizenship migrated into discourses about digital politics and then it suggests that thinking about citizenship as voice can be a surprisingly limited framework and finally the digital technologies themselves help bring out what i call a nodal model of citizenship citizenship is being active in an inactive and intentional relay and circu transmission circulation and distribution and that isn't just in play for folks on twitter or what have you but also how we can think about the substance of citizenship genya generally attuning us to important dimensions of what we actually do and what we want to  before it got cut out in the in the transfer of the files i mean it's actually a really old clip so this was originally the introductory video for the video for the very first season of american idol and the reason for starting here is because american idol actually represented perhaps the most concrete manifestation of a long standing democratic fantasy that's instant that's easy instantaneous and maths electronic voting so originally voting was done by text and phone but it migrated to the reb web around along there was the notion that we could implement this through the internet and actually tim berners lee himself in one thousand nine hundred and ninety nine was still thinking and precisely these terms so he's describing social machines which was his pet term for the worldwide  web they'll allow us to do things we just couldn't do before for example they will allow us to conduct a national plebiscite whose cost would otherwise be prohibitive so there's actually a fairly significant tradition of thinking about the political significance of digital technologies through their extension of a vocal model of citizenship has direct and franchise met as voting so today evo gating may be questionably secure and in places like alaska where it is nor easy but along with american idol that represents a a paradigmatic way of thinking about citizenship is enfranchisement you have your own individual take on the performer candidate or issue in question and you get a say by being able to project on pixels or on paper your voice directly upwards into some defined decision making process and in general i think we tend to imagine the political functions and value of digital technologies as a reflection of what we think they ought to do prom as reflections of a pre existing picture of citizenship and so in this case because being in franchise is such an essential component to being a full citizen the political imagination instinctively drifts along these kinds of terms and so this was actually an article this is taken from an article in the washington post just after two thousand and twelve which was a reflection on the fact that there were more american idol votes and there were votes in the presidential or votes in the election in general and the notion was that if only we could migrate the kind of civic practices that we want from american idol into the real world we would have a much more successful democracy but there's a second way of thinking about the vocal model of citizenship as it relates to digital technologies and this is as a more literal kind of voice so in slide here  blogs later seamlessly fit into this way of thinking about citizenship giving frieden even more credence to to the vocal model from a slightly different angle and so this is how i've been thinking about the vocal model of citizenship breaking off around roughly two dimensions and both dimensions being represented in the ways that scholars and early theorists had understood the civic potential of the lab or the the nature of civic involvement on digital platforms and i see these things is being roughly two sides of the same coin not essentially different ways of thinking about citizenship they're both thing that digital technologies could help us do better but we think about this and we think about them this way specifically because they are things that we're supposed to do better the received pictures idea moreover i think these two ways of thinking about vocal citizenship  share an underlying set of a three basic characteristics one they're individualistic so the premise of the model is that it's your own personal voice voted or verbal that's at stake the second is that there are matters of projection being able to get your personal voice out there or into some other circuit of decision making getting it counted or listening to in a way that confers power on the speaker or ballot caster and finally this projection is in a sense direct you want a direct line to the ballot box or to your audience free of interference or noise with other voices coming from other views or voices and without getting having your voice changed or modified so one way of thinking with the limitations well it's a little bit darker up there now of this model of citizenship is that it reduces citizens to shouting into a void and there's actually been a decent amount of work on the structure of networks on command a vast majority visitors and followers and thus a vast majority of voice a disproportionate amount of voice but i think there's reason for thinking that and this is actually the networked illustration so there's reason for thinking however that voice is not necessarily the best way of understanding the kinds of activities that people engage the kinds of civic activities that people engage in and that rather that personal direct projection what i described as the vocal model is actually secondary to an underlying form of civic practice relay relaying and circulating opinions information and effects moving content that is not personally yours from one user to another or set of others playing a role in establishing distributions of ideas and attention and i think that there are roughly three features of nodal citizenship that can correspond to the features of vocal citizenship so in the first place its impersonal the activities undertaken by you and directed by you but it's not necessarily tied to being an expression of your own individuality so retweets are not endorsements it's a distributive it plays a role in creating the patterns of what people see reacts you think about and focus on even if it's not fundamentally a fundamentally about you persuading or arguing with them and finally it's routed so it's a horizontal practice that doesn't focus so much on getting into a circuit of power directly on and on its own but instead generating the critical mass of attention or concern that generates power by way of other people and i just i have the like the the the last one to acknowledge the fact that routing is algorithmically mediated were interactions like liking play a significant role on what people see and pay attention to but it's in a less direct kind of way and finally i suggested at the beginning that this notion this model of citizenship with these three features is generalizable it's not simply the case that it applies on social media platforms like twitter or facebook i think it also has a direct analogy with how we think about literal enfranchisement at the ballot box so just taking for instance the distinction between being individualistic and impersonal so in the first place casting a vote itself can be a pretty crap way of expressing any personal or individual meaning or preference or whatever fret their voices don't count even when they vote and even when their preferred candidates win precisely because they don't see that candidate as representing or listening to them they just think they'll be less bad than the other person so voting can be a highly impersonal and yet it can be highly impersonal but still yet matter music the second is the distinction between projection and distribution so when talking about the influence of actually casting a vot individual vote tends to actually causally produce very little and there's a lot of discussion and philosophy about the significance of individual votes but it does embed you in the circulation of enthusiasms or just in the circulation of unenthusiastic willingness is to vote that mobilize coalitions which do collectively exert pressure and influence and finally the distinction between being direct and being routed so your own citizenship happens as much through others as it does through you through building those coalition coalitions by circulating ideas and effects where what you're capable of relaying also depends as much on what other folks think feel and say and themselves relay as it does on what you thought felt and wanted to relay in the first place so the curation of a network the specific shape of one's node ality is itself a civic act and i have a few concluding thoughts but i also have nine eight wool in there thank you very  ality and voice or lack thereof but we can also of course talk about labor and jobs which is what our final presenter is going to do so we have cavae as our hoosh who is a students and social science of the internet at the oxford internet institute for the last four years he's been working as an internet policy analyst and he's worked with article nineteen small media foundation and freedom house and today covey is going to be presenting on has been made that in the mature western democracies and i use western democracies because a lot of the term fs and democracies because a lot of the furies that i'm working on it kind of focuses on the dynamic of the trade unions in the terms that is defined by invest in democracies and things that i focus on is the characteristics in and i do that in contrast with traditional trade unions in the uk so the trade union congress in the uk which represents the void er collection of trade unions traditional trade unions in the uk and not only or damage but focuses on the relationship with the governing bodies and institutions in the uk i'm looking at the relationship with the uk parliament particularly the select committees which will fit into the policy making decisions i'm looking at the  that they play which is a huge part of uk traditional trade unions in terms of advocating for workers right and i'm also looking at their engagement with the government experts and government report people who do government reviews and so on club in hamburg in germany so some of you might be interested that a young younger metropolitan group of people who moved in that area kind of form different identity and around the sun poli football club and it became a as undesirable member within the traditional unions in uk and europe but in the last few years troop resistance and advocacy the other part of the mainstream union movement in the uk and they are they idea their ideas and policies is being advocate policy advocacy is being formed which is new workers collective could tag along to as well but i think the challenges still remains that the working class communities needs that need need need networks of cooperation  and not just networks of protest and rage which is revs organizing our rage or hope in temporary terms and i think this is a very important time right now to talk about this argue that that that creates a weak relationship it's been income and work and we can see that being reflected with a lot of conversation or a basic income where it's being advocated both for the right and the left at the moment and they argue that this kind of a weakening of the citizens and government because of the nature of economy under the work relationships they find it difficult to develop two fully grown stable democracies now i think look there's a lot of caveat to comes with that in terms of foreign have been organized around works jobs unemployment could lose their importance for is huge subsection of society and i think is now is it's time to think about it before the regulations are set and a subsection of society is completely there focus on english specifically or whether you so so to start off i think there is a lack of existence of other languages in the discourse which is why you know english was the primary medium but also it is important to often it enough it does not reach the audience that it is aiming at simply because like th of threw them express in some ideas that fighting hard to stay relevant and they haven't been and so people have been finding new ways of supporting each other so can you talk about maybe like the two main characteristics that have allowed for the new unions for example to have  yeah it is i guess whereas like drivers have no say in terms of that communication between the platforms and consumers so i think one area that again might be like transfer of power again is that political agency of the drivers or the service questions