Repository: etcd-io/etcd

Issue:
Find a replacement for marker (markdown linter)
### What would you like to be added?

Right now we're using [marker](https://github.com/crawford/marker) as the markdown linter. However, I see two issues:

1. Its functionality is limited, from its `README`
    > This is a tool for finding issues in [CommonMark](http://commonmark.org/) documentation. Right now, it only identifies broken links (malformed URLs, non-existent paths, etc.).
2. It's written in Rust, and while dropping our GitHub action for static checking (#18058). We wont run this linter in the Prow infrastructure as we don't have Rust/Cargo available (refer to https://prow.k8s.io/view/gs/kubernetes-jenkins/pr-logs/pull/etcd-io_etcd/18058/pull-etcd-verify/1793352130300481536#1:build-log.txt%3A659-662).

While trying to fix 2, I opened a PR crawford/marker#32 to be able to use a published binary, rather than building the project itself.

However, it would be better to use a Go-written Markdown linter as alternative.

### Why is this needed?

To keep linting markdown files.

Discussion:
@ivanvc: cc. @jmhbnz @lavishpal: @ivanvc  Can we use markdownlint which is officially on Go.pkg.dev : https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/svendowideit/markdownlint
https://github.com/SvenDowideit/markdownlint/blob/v0.9.4/main.go@ivanvc: > @ivanvc Can we use markdownlint which is officially on Go.pkg.dev : https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/svendowideit/markdownlint
> https://github.com/SvenDowideit/markdownlint/blob/v0.9.4/main.go

It looks like an abandoned project. It was originally done by Docker, but it's now a public archive, and its last commit is from 2017. I think, ideally we should replace it with other linter that has more wide adoption.

Their README mentions that it was in use for https://docs.docker.com. However, Docker docs is now using NodeJS' markdownlint: 
* https://github.com/docker/docs/blob/b952723881c6e6cd7dcc556ab4c1d5a1818ec08d/package.json#L33
* https://github.com/docker/docs/blob/b952723881c6e6cd7dcc556ab4c1d5a1818ec08d/Dockerfile#L35@ivanvc: Surveying GitHub doesn't seem to be promising. There are some projects, but they seem unmaintained, or abandoned: https://github.com/search?q=markdown+linter+language%3AGo&type=repositories@fuweid: > It's written in Rust

IMO, it's not related to RUST. It needs a release to publish executable binary. For Go ecosystem, `go install` can help us. However, it doesn't mean we should replace it. Just my two cents.

As far as I know, the `marker` is good one for the linter. I was thinking about how to add makefile to install it without `cargo`, mentioned by https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/16708#issuecomment-1761226782. 

Is it possible to be considered as an option? upload binary to storage which support anonymous download, like 

https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/bb701b9265f31d61db5906325e0a7e2abf7d3627/scripts/install-marker.sh#L12-L15

Thanks,
Wei@ivanvc: Hey @fuweid, I agree. After researching a native-Go alternative and yielding no results, I'm leaning towards having a linter that we can use as a binary. I opened PR https://github.com/crawford/marker/pull/32 to have `marker` distributed as a binary. Therefore, we won't need to have cargo installed locally, nor do we need to host the compiled binary (https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/16708#issuecomment-1761226782).

However, my original point is that the use-case for `marker` is limited; as it states on its `README`, it only checks broken links. It doesn't do any other Markdown linting:

> This is a tool for finding issues in CommonMark documentation. Right now, it only identifies broken links (malformed URLs, non-existent paths, etc.).@fuweid: @ivanvc Nice!

> However, my original point is that the use-case for marker is limited; as it states on its README, it only checks broken links. It doesn't do any other Markdown linting:

If we do have new linter requirement, maybe we can file pull request to `marker`. The detector for broken linters is common use case because it's easy to break it by refactor of docs. @ivanvc: With #18318 merged, I was looking into cleaning up `scripts/install-marker.sh`. But it looks like it's only used by `tests/Dockerfile`. Is this a `Dockerfile` we want to maintain? The Ubuntu version used is no longer maintained (21.10). Building the image fails because the APT repositories don't work anymore.

@jmhbnz, thoughts? (or @ahrtr, as I see you were the last to commit to that `Dockerfile`).@ahrtr: > But it looks like it's only used by `tests/Dockerfile`. Is this a `Dockerfile` we want to maintain?

I am not aware of any usage on the `tests/Dockerfile`. Probably we can just remove it.@ivanvc: Are we okay with keeping marker as the markdown linter, considering it only checks for broken links? Do we want or need to do more linting, considering that running our Markdown files against NodeJS' `markdownlint-cli` with the default configuration raises too many warnings?@jmhbnz: Discussed during sig-etcd triage meeting. We recently put work into updating `etcd-io/website` to put a proper markdown linting workflow in place.

I am supportive of adding a new prow presubmit for `etcd-io/etcd` to do the same.

Once the new workflow is in place I would suggest we use a good first issue to get help from the community to address the backlog of markdown files that need updates.

Edit: For a detailed next step, we need to replicate the [script](https://github.com/etcd-io/website/blob/main/scripts/markdown_diff_lint.sh) and [Makefile recipe](https://github.com/etcd-io/website/blob/main/Makefile#L31-L33) for markdown linting from `etcd-io/website` to `etcd-io/etcd` Once that is done we could create the new prow job.@Zanda256: Hi, can I look into this?@joshjms: Hi, I would also love to try this out. @ivanvc: The first step is to set the foundation to start the markdown linting. As a reference, we're already doing it on the website (as noted in https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/issues/18059#issuecomment-2436062946).

After we have the `Makefile` target, we'll need to do a new prow job, taking the website's as reference: https://github.com/kubernetes/test-infra/blob/7c58ef243f8845838f1b545c140a8ed615516441/config/jobs/etcd/etcd-website-presubmits.yaml

@Zanda256, @joshjms, we usually run FIFO. Given that you both want to contribute, we can split the work on doing the `Makefile` assigned to @Zanda256. And after the `Makefile` target is in place, @joshjms can work on the Prow job. Does that sound good?@joshjms: Sounds good. Is that okay with you @Zanda256 ?@Zanda256: Sure @joshjms , I'm okay with that @ivanvc .@ivanvc: 🎉 

/assign @Zanda256 @joshjms @ivanvc: Reopening, as we still need to merge kubernetes/test-infra#34369. And test the prow job.@joshjms: It is unable to find the config file due to `ETCD_ROOT_DIR` being nil (instead finding from the root directory `/tools/.markdownlint.jsonc`). 

In `test_lib.sh`, `ETCD_ROOT_DIR` is set as follows:
```sh
function set_root_dir {
  ETCD_ROOT_DIR=$(go list -f '{{.Dir}}' "${ROOT_MODULE}/v3")
}

set_root_dir
```

Since in our markdown diff lint job, we do not expect to have `go`, we need a way to set `ETCD_ROOT_DIR` to the root directory of the code base.@ivanvc: Now that we have fully enabled `markdownlint-cli2` in the repository, and given that it doesn't check for broken links (and `marker` does), I believe we could close this issue, as we're linting the markdown files and also checking for broken links.

I'll leave this issue open briefly in case someone objects. Else, I'll go ahead and close it.@joshjms: Thanks!@serathius: Awesome work!@Zanda256: Thanks everyone that put effort in this. @joshjms , @ivanvc , we meet again on the next one. @joshjms: Thanks @ivanvc @Zanda256 - looking forward to working together again

Solution patch:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml b/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml
index 83c7f37a4..b15b65a25 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
           set -euo pipefail
 
           GOARCH=amd64 CPU=4 make fuzz
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # v4.3.4
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@89ef406dd8d7e03cfd12d9e0a4a378f454709029 # v4.3.5
         if: failure()
         with:
           path: "${{env.TARGET_PATH}}/testdata/fuzz/**/*"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yaml b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
index 1060cb299..8425d1425 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           docker image save -o /tmp/etcd-img.tar gcr.io/etcd-development/etcd
       - name: upload-image
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # v4.3.4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@89ef406dd8d7e03cfd12d9e0a4a378f454709029 # v4.3.5
         with:
           name: etcd-img
           path: /tmp/etcd-img.tar
diff --git a/.github/workflows/robustness-nightly.yaml b/.github/workflows/robustness-nightly.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index d6e7a3aa5..000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/robustness-nightly.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Robustness Nightly
-permissions: read-all
-on:
-  # schedules always run against the main branch, hence we have to create separate jobs
-  # with individual checkout actions for each of the active release branches
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '25 9 * * *' # runs every day at 09:25 UTC
-
-  # workflow_dispatch enables manual testing of this job by maintainers
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  main-arm64:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
-    with:
-      etcdBranch: main
-      count: 150
-      testTimeout: 200m
-      artifactName: main-arm64
-      runs-on: "['actuated-arm64-12cpu-8gb']"
-      scenario: TestRobustnessExploratory
-      lazyfsEnabled: false
-  release-35-arm64:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
-    with:
-      etcdBranch: release-3.5
-      count: 150
-      testTimeout: 200m
-      artifactName: release-35-arm64
-      runs-on: "['actuated-arm64-12cpu-8gb']"
-      scenario: TestRobustnessExploratory
-      lazyfsEnabled: false
diff --git a/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml b/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c6a698ec..000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Reusable Robustness Workflow
-on:
-  workflow_call:
-    inputs:
-      etcdBranch:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      count:
-        required: true
-        type: number
-      testTimeout:
-        required: false
-        type: string
-        default: '30m'
-      artifactName:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      runs-on:
-        required: false
-        type: string
-        default: "['ubuntu-latest']"
-      scenario:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      lazyfsEnabled:
-        required: true
-        type: boolean
-permissions: read-all
-
-jobs:
-  test:
-    # this is to prevent the job to run at forked projects
-    if: github.repository == 'etcd-io/etcd'
-    timeout-minutes: 210
-    runs-on: ${{ fromJson(inputs.runs-on) }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332 # v4.1.7
-      - id: goversion
-        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@0a12ed9d6a96ab950c8f026ed9f722fe0da7ef32 # v5.0.2
-        with:
-          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
-
-      # Temporary monitoring to compare amd64 and arm64 runner performance
-      # Refer: https://actuated.dev/blog/right-sizing-vms-github-actions
-      - uses: alexellis/setup-arkade@b1816384b2260cfd2c023c6798d26075786cfc7f # v3
-      - name: Install vmmeter
-        run: |
-          sudo -E arkade oci install ghcr.io/openfaasltd/vmmeter:latest --path /usr/local/bin/
-      - uses: self-actuated/vmmeter-action@c7e2162e39294a810cab647cacc215ecd68a44f6 #v1
-
-      - name: install-lazyfs
-        if: ${{ inputs.lazyfsEnabled }}
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get -o APT::Update::Error-Mode=any update && sudo apt-get --yes install cmake libfuse3-dev libfuse3-3 fuse3
-          sudo sed -i 's/#user_allow_other/user_allow_other/g' /etc/fuse.conf
-          make install-lazyfs
-      - name: test-robustness
-        env:
-          ETCD_BRANCH: "${{ inputs.etcdBranch }}"
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          go clean -testcache
-
-          GO_TEST_FLAGS="-v --count ${{ inputs.count }} --timeout ${{ inputs.testTimeout }} --run ${{ inputs.scenario }}"
-          case "${ETCD_BRANCH}" in
-            release-3.5)
-              EXPECT_DEBUG=true GO_TEST_FLAGS=${GO_TEST_FLAGS} RESULTS_DIR=/tmp/results make test-robustness-release-3.5
-              ;;
-            release-3.4)
-              EXPECT_DEBUG=true GO_TEST_FLAGS=${GO_TEST_FLAGS} RESULTS_DIR=/tmp/results make test-robustness-release-3.4
-              ;;
-            main)
-              EXPECT_DEBUG=true GO_TEST_FLAGS=${GO_TEST_FLAGS} RESULTS_DIR=/tmp/results make test-robustness-main
-              ;;
-            *)
-              echo "Failed to find target ${ETCD_BRANCH}"
-              exit 1
-              ;;
-          esac
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # v4.3.4
-        if: always()
-        with:
-          name: ${{ inputs.artifactName }}
-          path: /tmp/results/*
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
index 20278a3e4..033a84e37 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/scorecards.yml
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       # Upload the results as artifacts (optional). Commenting out will disable uploads of run results in SARIF
       # format to the repository Actions tab.
       - name: "Upload artifact"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # v4.3.4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@89ef406dd8d7e03cfd12d9e0a4a378f454709029 # v4.3.5
         with:
           name: SARIF file
           path: results.sarif
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests-template.yaml b/.github/workflows/tests-template.yaml
index b1ee6ab0b..4ff357db3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests-template.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests-template.yaml
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
               exit 1
               ;;
           esac
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b2256b8c012f0828dc542b3febcab082c67f72b # v4.3.4
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@89ef406dd8d7e03cfd12d9e0a4a378f454709029 # v4.3.5
         if: always()
         with:
           name: "${{ matrix.target }}"
diff --git a/.go-version b/.go-version
index da9594fd6..013173af5 100644
--- a/.go-version
+++ b/.go-version
@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.22.5
+1.22.6
diff --git a/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.4.md b/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.4.md
index 6db91be08..8feb22b0c 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.4.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.4.md
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Previous change logs can be found at [CHANGELOG-3.3](https://github.com/etcd-io/
 - [Print gRPC metadata in guaranteed order using the official go fmt pkg](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18311).
 
 ### Dependencies
-- Compile binaries using go [1.21.12](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18272).
+- Compile binaries using go [1.21.13](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18422).
 
 <hr>
 
diff --git a/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.5.md b/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.5.md
index 8f0f1f6a3..dea572130 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.5.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-3.5.md
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ Previous change logs can be found at [CHANGELOG-3.4](https://github.com/etcd-io/
 
 ## v3.5.16 (TBC)
 
+### Dependencies
+- Compile binaries using [go 1.21.13](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/18421).
+
 <hr>
 
 ## v3.5.15 (2024-07-19)
diff --git a/Documentation/contributor-guide/release.md b/Documentation/contributor-guide/release.md
index 660126a2a..ca7dae3cc 100644
--- a/Documentation/contributor-guide/release.md
+++ b/Documentation/contributor-guide/release.md
@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@ All release version numbers follow the format of [semantic versioning 2.0.0](htt
 
 ### Major, minor version release, or its pre-release
 
-- Ensure the relevant milestone on GitHub is complete. All referenced issues should be closed or moved elsewhere.
-- Ensure the latest upgrade documentation is available.
+- Ensure the relevant [milestone](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/milestones) on GitHub is complete. All referenced issues should be closed or moved elsewhere.
+- Ensure the latest [upgrade documentation](https://etcd.io/docs/next/upgrades) is available.
 - Bump [hardcoded MinClusterVerion in the repository](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/blob/v3.4.15/version/version.go#L29), if necessary.
 - Add feature capability maps for the new version, if necessary.
 
 ### Patch version release
 
 - To request a backport, developers submit cherry-pick PRs targeting the release branch. The commits should not include merge commits. The commits should be restricted to bug fixes and security patches.
-- The cherrypick PRs should target the appropriate release branch (`base:release-<major>-<minor>`). `hack/patch/cherrypick.sh` may be used to automatically generate cherrypick PRs.
+- The cherrypick PRs should target the appropriate release branch (`base:release-<major>-<minor>`). The k8s infra cherry pick robot `/cherrypick <branch>` PR chatops command may be used to automatically generate cherrypick PRs.
 - The release patch manager reviews the cherrypick PRs. Please discuss carefully what is backported to the patch release. Each patch release should be strictly better than its predecessor.
 - The release patch manager will cherry-pick these commits starting from the oldest one into stable branch.
 
@@ -66,28 +66,31 @@ which don't need to be executed before releasing each version.
 ### Release steps
 
 1. Raise an issue to publish the release plan, e.g. [issues/17350](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/issues/17350).
-2. Verify you can pass the authentication to the image registries,
+2. Raise a `kubernetes/org` pull request to temporarily elevate permissions for the GitHub release team.
+3. Once permissions are elevated, temporarily relax [branch protections](https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/settings/branches) to allow pushing changes directly to `release-*` branches in GitHub.
+4. Verify you can pass the authentication to the image registries,
    - `docker login gcr.io`
    - `docker login quay.io`
-3. Clone the etcd repository and checkout the target branch,
+5. Clone the etcd repository and checkout the target branch,
    - `git clone git@github.com:etcd-io/etcd.git`
    - `git checkout release-3.X`
-4. Run the release script under the repository's root directory, replacing `${VERSION}` with a value without the `v` prefix, i.e. `3.5.13`.
+6. Run the release script under the repository's root directory, replacing `${VERSION}` with a value without the `v` prefix, i.e. `3.5.13`.
    - `DRY_RUN=false ./scripts/release.sh ${VERSION}`
 
    It generates all release binaries under the directory `./release` and images. Binaries are pushed to the Google Cloud bucket
    under project `etcd-development`, and images are pushed to `quay.io` and `gcr.io`.
-5. Publish the release page on GitHub
+7. Publish the release page on GitHub
    - Set the release title as the version name
    - Choose the correct release tag (generated from step #4)
    - Follow the format of previous release pages
    - Attach the generated binaries and signature file
    - Select whether it's a pre-release
    - Publish the release
-6. Announce to the etcd-dev googlegroup
+8. Announce to the etcd-dev googlegroup
 
    Follow the format of previous release emails sent to etcd-dev@googlegroups.com, see an example below. After sending out the email, ask one of the mailing list maintainers to approve the email from the pending list.
-```
+
+```text
 Hello,
 
 etcd v3.4.30 is now public!
@@ -98,9 +101,11 @@ Thanks to everyone who contributed to the release!
 
 etcd team
 ```
-7. Update the changelog to reflect the correct release date.
-8. Paste the release link to the issue raised in Step 1 and close the issue.
-9. Crease a new stable branch through `git push origin release-${VERSION_MAJOR}.${VERSION_MINOR}` if this is a new major or minor stable release.
+
+9. Update the changelog to reflect the correct release date.
+10. Paste the release link to the issue raised in Step 1 and close the issue.
+11. Restore standard branch protection settings and raise a follow-up `kubernetes/org` pull request to return to least privilege permissions.
+12. Crease a new stable branch through `git push origin release-${VERSION_MAJOR}.${VERSION_MINOR}` if this is a new major or minor stable release.
 
 #### Release known issues
 
diff --git a/api/go.mod b/api/go.mod
index 0cb2f99d2..f0c362371 100644
--- a/api/go.mod
+++ b/api/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/api/go.sum b/api/go.sum
index 4d7d1f5cb..4d31f65e9 100644
--- a/api/go.sum
+++ b/api/go.sum
@@ -34,20 +34,20 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 h1:Twjiwq9dn6R1fQcyiK+wQyHWfaz/BJB+YIpzU/Cv3Xg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
diff --git a/client/internal/v2/go.mod b/client/internal/v2/go.mod
index d14ada084..5a0c0029c 100644
--- a/client/internal/v2/go.mod
+++ b/client/internal/v2/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 require (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
diff --git a/client/pkg/go.mod b/client/pkg/go.mod
index 972b5e21f..f8345c3d6 100644
--- a/client/pkg/go.mod
+++ b/client/pkg/go.mod
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0
 )
 
 require (
diff --git a/client/pkg/go.sum b/client/pkg/go.sum
index f0c3d875d..86956db45 100644
--- a/client/pkg/go.sum
+++ b/client/pkg/go.sum
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 h1:blXXJkSxSSfBVBlC76pxqeO+LN3aDfLQo+309xJstO0=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0/go.mod h1:20+QtiLqy0Nd6FdQB9TLXag12DsQkrbs3htMFfDN80Y=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 h1:aJMhYGrd5QSmlpLMr2MftRKl7t8J8PTZPA732ud/XR8=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 h1:Twjiwq9dn6R1fQcyiK+wQyHWfaz/BJB+YIpzU/Cv3Xg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
diff --git a/client/v3/go.mod b/client/v3/go.mod
index 1a167dbcc..fe04c9394 100644
--- a/client/v3/go.mod
+++ b/client/v3/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
diff --git a/client/v3/go.sum b/client/v3/go.sum
index 67a9373f7..93efab69c 100644
--- a/client/v3/go.sum
+++ b/client/v3/go.sum
@@ -61,20 +61,20 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 h1:Twjiwq9dn6R1fQcyiK+wQyHWfaz/BJB+YIpzU/Cv3Xg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
diff --git a/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/snapshot_command.go b/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/snapshot_command.go
index df317e23c..983cf93ad 100644
--- a/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/snapshot_command.go
+++ b/etcdctl/ctlv3/command/snapshot_command.go
@@ -23,14 +23,37 @@ import (
 
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3/logutil"
 	snapshot "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3/snapshot"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdctl/v3/util"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/cobrautl"
 )
 
+var (
+	snapshotExample = util.Normalize(`
+	# Save snapshot to a given file
+	etcdctl snapshot save /backup/etcd-snapshot.db
+
+	# Get snapshot from given address and save it to file
+	etcdctl snapshot save --endpoints=127.0.0.1:3000 /backup/etcd-snapshot.db 
+	
+	# Get snapshot from given address with certificates
+	etcdctl --endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --cacert=/etc/etcd/ca.crt --cert=/etc/etcd/etcd.crt --key=/etc/etcd/etcd.key snapshot save /backup/etcd-snapshot.db
+
+	# Get snapshot wih certain user and password
+	etcdctl --user=root --password=password123 snapshot save /backup/etcd-snapshot.db
+
+	# Get snapshot from given address with timeout
+	etcdctl --endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --dial-timeout=20s snapshot save /backup/etcd-snapshot.db
+
+	# Save snapshot with desirable time format
+	etcdctl snapshot save /mnt/backup/etcd/backup_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).db`)
+)
+
 // NewSnapshotCommand returns the cobra command for "snapshot".
 func NewSnapshotCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "snapshot <subcommand>",
-		Short: "Manages etcd node snapshots",
+		Use:     "snapshot <subcommand>",
+		Short:   "Manages etcd node snapshots",
+		Example: snapshotExample,
 	}
 	cmd.AddCommand(NewSnapshotSaveCommand())
 	return cmd
@@ -38,15 +61,16 @@ func NewSnapshotCommand() *cobra.Command {
 
 func NewSnapshotSaveCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	return &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "save <filename>",
-		Short: "Stores an etcd node backend snapshot to a given file",
-		Run:   snapshotSaveCommandFunc,
+		Use:     "save <filename>",
+		Short:   "Stores an etcd node backend snapshot to a given file",
+		Run:     snapshotSaveCommandFunc,
+		Example: snapshotExample,
 	}
 }
 
 func snapshotSaveCommandFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	if len(args) != 1 {
-		err := fmt.Errorf("snapshot save expects one argument")
+		err := fmt.Errorf("snapshot save expects one argument <filename>")
 		cobrautl.ExitWithError(cobrautl.ExitBadArgs, err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/etcdctl/go.mod b/etcdctl/go.mod
index 4ad680b82..d05fcef9c 100644
--- a/etcdctl/go.mod
+++ b/etcdctl/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdctl/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 require (
 	github.com/bgentry/speakeasy v0.2.0
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ require (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.6.0
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 )
 
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 // indirect
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
diff --git a/etcdctl/go.sum b/etcdctl/go.sum
index b1a879203..12bf03c41 100644
--- a/etcdctl/go.sum
+++ b/etcdctl/go.sum
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -93,14 +93,14 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 h1:Twjiwq9dn6R1fQcyiK+wQyHWfaz/BJB+YIpzU/Cv3Xg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 h1:o7cqy6amK/52YcAKIPlM3a+Fpj35zvRj2TP+e1xFSfk=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0 h1:eTDhh4ZXt5Qf0augr54TN6suAUudPcawVZeIAPU7D4U=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
diff --git a/etcdctl/util/normalizer.go b/etcdctl/util/normalizer.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99e11e077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/etcdctl/util/normalizer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The etcd Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package util
+
+import "strings"
+
+const indentation = "  "
+
+// Normalize normalizes a string:
+//  1. trim the leading and trailing space
+//  2. add an indentation before each line
+func Normalize(s string) string {
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return s
+	}
+	return normalizer{s}.trim().indent().string
+}
+
+type normalizer struct {
+	string
+}
+
+func (n normalizer) trim() normalizer {
+	n.string = strings.TrimSpace(n.string)
+	return n
+}
+
+func (n normalizer) indent() normalizer {
+	indentedLines := []string{}
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(n.string, "\n") {
+		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		indented := indentation + trimmed
+		indentedLines = append(indentedLines, indented)
+	}
+	n.string = strings.Join(indentedLines, "\n")
+	return n
+}
diff --git a/etcdutl/go.mod b/etcdutl/go.mod
index 9dde173a7..b701faaf7 100644
--- a/etcdutl/go.mod
+++ b/etcdutl/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdutl/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 replace (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 => ../api
@@ -79,11 +79,11 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.6.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 // indirect
diff --git a/etcdutl/go.sum b/etcdutl/go.sum
index edda6fa89..e2c3701d9 100644
--- a/etcdutl/go.sum
+++ b/etcdutl/go.sum
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 h1:ypSNr+bnYL2YhwoMt2zPxHFmbAN1KZs/njMG3hxUp30=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0/go.mod h1:T+wALwcMOSE0kXgUAnPAHqTLW+XHgcELELW8VaDgm/M=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0 h1:RrRspgV4mU+YwB4FYnuBoKsUapNIL5cohGAmSH3azsw=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0/go.mod h1:GY7jblb9wI+FOo5y8/S2oY4zWP07AkOJ4+jxCqdqn54=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.2.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.3.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
@@ -130,25 +130,25 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201202161906-c7110b5ffcbb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 h1:3NFvSEYkUoMifnESzZl15y791HH1qU2xm6eCJU5ZPXQ=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 h1:Twjiwq9dn6R1fQcyiK+wQyHWfaz/BJB+YIpzU/Cv3Xg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 h1:o7cqy6amK/52YcAKIPlM3a+Fpj35zvRj2TP+e1xFSfk=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0 h1:eTDhh4ZXt5Qf0augr54TN6suAUudPcawVZeIAPU7D4U=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 81e749e47..f198bab9a 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 replace (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 => ./api
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ require (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.etcd.io/raft/v3 v3.6.0-alpha.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.6.0
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2
 )
@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 15363c1c4..56ea0abf9 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 h1:ypSNr+bnYL2YhwoMt2zPxHFmbAN1KZs/njMG3hxUp30=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0/go.mod h1:T+wALwcMOSE0kXgUAnPAHqTLW+XHgcELELW8VaDgm/M=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0 h1:RrRspgV4mU+YwB4FYnuBoKsUapNIL5cohGAmSH3azsw=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0/go.mod h1:GY7jblb9wI+FOo5y8/S2oY4zWP07AkOJ4+jxCqdqn54=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190227174305-5b3e6a55c961/go.mod h1:wehouNa3lNwaWXcvxsM5YxQ5yQlVC4a0KAMCusXpPoU=
@@ -187,16 +187,16 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201202161906-c7110b5ffcbb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 h1:3NFvSEYkUoMifnESzZl15y791HH1qU2xm6eCJU5ZPXQ=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -205,14 +205,14 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 h1:Twjiwq9dn6R1fQcyiK+wQyHWfaz/BJB+YIpzU/Cv3Xg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 h1:o7cqy6amK/52YcAKIPlM3a+Fpj35zvRj2TP+e1xFSfk=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0 h1:eTDhh4ZXt5Qf0augr54TN6suAUudPcawVZeIAPU7D4U=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190226205152-f727befe758c/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3HoIrodX9oNMXvdceNzlUR8zjMvY=
diff --git a/pkg/cobrautl/help.go b/pkg/cobrautl/help.go
index d521bf9f0..574578199 100644
--- a/pkg/cobrautl/help.go
+++ b/pkg/cobrautl/help.go
@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@ var (
 			}
 			return strings.Join(parts, " ")
 		},
+		"indent": func(s string) string {
+			pad := strings.Repeat(" ", 2)
+			return pad + strings.Replace(s, "\n", "\n"+pad, -1)
+		},
 	}
 )
 
@@ -51,39 +55,43 @@ func init() {
 {{ $cmd := .Cmd }}\
 {{ $cmdname := cmdName .Cmd .Cmd.Root }}\
 NAME:
-{{ if not .Cmd.HasParent }}\
-{{printf "\t%s - %s" .Cmd.Name .Cmd.Short}}
+{{if not .Cmd.HasParent}}\
+{{printf "%s - %s" .Cmd.Name .Cmd.Short | indent}}
 {{else}}\
-{{printf "\t%s - %s" $cmdname .Cmd.Short}}
+{{printf "%s - %s" $cmdname .Cmd.Short | indent}}
 {{end}}\
 
 USAGE:
-{{printf "\t%s" .Cmd.UseLine}}
+{{printf "%s" .Cmd.UseLine | indent}}
 {{ if not .Cmd.HasParent }}\
 
 VERSION:
-{{printf "\t%s" .Version}}
+{{printf "%s" .Version | indent}}
 {{end}}\
 {{if .Cmd.HasSubCommands}}\
 
 API VERSION:
-{{printf "\t%s" .APIVersion}}
+{{.APIVersion | indent}}
 {{end}}\
-{{if .Cmd.HasSubCommands}}\
+{{if .Cmd.HasExample}}\
 
+Examples:
+{{.Cmd.Example}}
+{{end}}\
+{{if .Cmd.HasSubCommands}}\
 
 COMMANDS:
 {{range .SubCommands}}\
 {{ $cmdname := cmdName . $cmd }}\
 {{ if .Runnable }}\
-{{printf "\t%s\t%s" $cmdname .Short}}
+{{printf "%s\t%s" $cmdname .Short | indent}}
 {{end}}\
 {{end}}\
 {{end}}\
 {{ if .Cmd.Long }}\
 
 DESCRIPTION:
-{{range $line := descToLines .Cmd.Long}}{{printf "\t%s" $line}}
+{{range $line := descToLines .Cmd.Long}}{{printf "%s" $line | indent}}
 {{end}}\
 {{end}}\
 {{if .Cmd.HasLocalFlags}}\
diff --git a/pkg/flags/flag.go b/pkg/flags/flag.go
index 5e60b72ad..b96436c6b 100644
--- a/pkg/flags/flag.go
+++ b/pkg/flags/flag.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
@@ -130,3 +131,16 @@ func IsSet(fs *flag.FlagSet, name string) bool {
 	})
 	return set
 }
+
+// GetBoolFlagVal returns the value of the a given bool flag if it is explicitly set
+// in the cmd line arguments, otherwise returns nil.
+func GetBoolFlagVal(fs *flag.FlagSet, flagName string) (*bool, error) {
+	if !IsSet(fs, flagName) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	flagVal, parseErr := strconv.ParseBool(fs.Lookup(flagName).Value.String())
+	if parseErr != nil {
+		return nil, parseErr
+	}
+	return &flagVal, nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/go.mod b/pkg/go.mod
index 14e0d4593..305819ef2 100644
--- a/pkg/go.mod
+++ b/pkg/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 require (
 	github.com/creack/pty v1.1.18
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
diff --git a/pkg/go.sum b/pkg/go.sum
index be4636b4f..451ec6480 100644
--- a/pkg/go.sum
+++ b/pkg/go.sum
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 h1:blXXJkSxSSfBVBlC76pxqeO+LN3aDfLQo+309xJstO0=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0/go.mod h1:20+QtiLqy0Nd6FdQB9TLXag12DsQkrbs3htMFfDN80Y=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 h1:aJMhYGrd5QSmlpLMr2MftRKl7t8J8PTZPA732ud/XR8=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 h1:Twjiwq9dn6R1fQcyiK+wQyHWfaz/BJB+YIpzU/Cv3Xg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a h1:hqK4+jJZXCU4pW7jsAdGOVFIfLHQeV7LaizZKnZ84HI=
 google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a/go.mod h1:Ue6ibwXGpU+dqIcODieyLOcgj7z8+IcskoNIgZxtrFY=
 google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 h1:bs/cUb4lp1G5iImFFd3u5ixQzweKizoZJAwBNLR42lc=
diff --git a/server/config/config.go b/server/config/config.go
index f1cd47bff..5f3a0d8e9 100644
--- a/server/config/config.go
+++ b/server/config/config.go
@@ -193,9 +193,6 @@ type ServerConfig struct {
 	// a shared buffer in its readonly check operations.
 	ExperimentalTxnModeWriteWithSharedBuffer bool `json:"experimental-txn-mode-write-with-shared-buffer"`
 
-	// ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag enables etcd gRPC service to stop serving client requests on defragmentation.
-	ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag bool `json:"experimental-stop-grpc-service-on-defrag"`
-
 	// ExperimentalBootstrapDefragThresholdMegabytes is the minimum number of megabytes needed to be freed for etcd server to
 	// consider running defrag during bootstrap. Needs to be set to non-zero value to take effect.
 	ExperimentalBootstrapDefragThresholdMegabytes uint `json:"experimental-bootstrap-defrag-threshold-megabytes"`
diff --git a/server/embed/config.go b/server/embed/config.go
index f54a8a443..b10c5dc52 100644
--- a/server/embed/config.go
+++ b/server/embed/config.go
@@ -805,6 +805,25 @@ func (cfg *configYAML) configFromFile(path string) error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// parses the yaml bytes to raw map first, then getBoolFlagVal can get the top level bool flag value.
+	var cfgMap map[string]interface{}
+	err = yaml.Unmarshal(b, &cfgMap)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	getBoolFlagVal := func(flagName string) *bool {
+		flagVal, ok := cfgMap[flagName]
+		if !ok {
+			return nil
+		}
+		boolVal := flagVal.(bool)
+		return &boolVal
+	}
+	err = SetFeatureGatesFromExperimentalFlags(cfg.ServerFeatureGate, getBoolFlagVal, cfg.configJSON.ServerFeatureGatesJSON)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if cfg.configJSON.ListenPeerURLs != "" {
 		u, err := types.NewURLs(strings.Split(cfg.configJSON.ListenPeerURLs, ","))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -897,6 +916,36 @@ func (cfg *configYAML) configFromFile(path string) error {
 	return cfg.Validate()
 }
 
+// SetFeatureGatesFromExperimentalFlags sets the feature gate values if the feature gate is not explicitly set
+// while their corresponding experimental flags are explicitly set, for all the features in ExperimentalFlagToFeatureMap.
+// TODO: remove after all experimental flags are deprecated.
+func SetFeatureGatesFromExperimentalFlags(fg featuregate.FeatureGate, getExperimentalFlagVal func(string) *bool, featureGatesVal string) error {
+	m := make(map[featuregate.Feature]bool)
+	// verify that the feature gate and its experimental flag are not both set at the same time.
+	for expFlagName, featureName := range features.ExperimentalFlagToFeatureMap {
+		flagVal := getExperimentalFlagVal(expFlagName)
+		if flagVal == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(featureGatesVal, string(featureName)) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot specify both flags: --%s=%v and --%s=%s=%v at the same time, please just use --%s=%s=%v",
+				expFlagName, *flagVal, ServerFeatureGateFlagName, featureName, fg.Enabled(featureName), ServerFeatureGateFlagName, featureName, fg.Enabled(featureName))
+		}
+		m[featureName] = *flagVal
+	}
+
+	// filter out unknown features for fg, because we could use SetFeatureGatesFromExperimentalFlags both for
+	// server and cluster level feature gates.
+	allFeatures := fg.(featuregate.MutableFeatureGate).GetAll()
+	mFiltered := make(map[string]bool)
+	for k, v := range m {
+		if _, ok := allFeatures[k]; ok {
+			mFiltered[string(k)] = v
+		}
+	}
+	return fg.(featuregate.MutableFeatureGate).SetFromMap(mFiltered)
+}
+
 func updateCipherSuites(tls *transport.TLSInfo, ss []string) error {
 	if len(tls.CipherSuites) > 0 && len(ss) > 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("TLSInfo.CipherSuites is already specified (given %v)", ss)
diff --git a/server/embed/etcd.go b/server/embed/etcd.go
index a82e21c79..2970a804d 100644
--- a/server/embed/etcd.go
+++ b/server/embed/etcd.go
@@ -223,7 +223,6 @@ func StartEtcd(inCfg *Config) (e *Etcd, err error) {
 		WarningUnaryRequestDuration:              cfg.WarningUnaryRequestDuration,
 		ExperimentalMemoryMlock:                  cfg.ExperimentalMemoryMlock,
 		ExperimentalTxnModeWriteWithSharedBuffer: cfg.ExperimentalTxnModeWriteWithSharedBuffer,
-		ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag:      cfg.ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag,
 		ExperimentalBootstrapDefragThresholdMegabytes: cfg.ExperimentalBootstrapDefragThresholdMegabytes,
 		ExperimentalMaxLearners:                       cfg.ExperimentalMaxLearners,
 		V2Deprecation:                                 cfg.V2DeprecationEffective(),
diff --git a/server/etcdmain/config.go b/server/etcdmain/config.go
index 4a46192cf..60233445c 100644
--- a/server/etcdmain/config.go
+++ b/server/etcdmain/config.go
@@ -238,6 +238,21 @@ func (cfg *config) configFromCmdLine() error {
 		cfg.ec.InitialCluster = ""
 	}
 
+	getBoolFlagVal := func(flagName string) *bool {
+		boolVal, parseErr := flags.GetBoolFlagVal(cfg.cf.flagSet, flagName)
+		if parseErr != nil {
+			panic(parseErr)
+		}
+		return boolVal
+	}
+
+	// SetFeatureGatesFromExperimentalFlags validates that cmd line flags for experimental feature and their feature gates are not explicitly set simultaneously,
+	// and passes the values of cmd line flags for experimental feature to the server feature gate.
+	err = embed.SetFeatureGatesFromExperimentalFlags(cfg.ec.ServerFeatureGate, getBoolFlagVal, cfg.cf.flagSet.Lookup(embed.ServerFeatureGateFlagName).Value.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	return cfg.validate()
 }
 
diff --git a/server/etcdmain/help.go b/server/etcdmain/help.go
index a4fe80cea..23c531b72 100644
--- a/server/etcdmain/help.go
+++ b/server/etcdmain/help.go
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ Experimental feature:
   --experimental-snapshot-catchup-entries
     Number of entries for a slow follower to catch up after compacting the raft storage entries.
   --experimental-stop-grpc-service-on-defrag
-    Enable etcd gRPC service to stop serving client requests on defragmentation.
+    Enable etcd gRPC service to stop serving client requests on defragmentation. It's deprecated, and will be decommissioned in v3.7. Use '--feature-gates=StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true' instead.
 
 Unsafe feature:
   --force-new-cluster 'false'
diff --git a/server/etcdserver/api/v3rpc/health.go b/server/etcdserver/api/v3rpc/health.go
index e87140d17..2861e11e6 100644
--- a/server/etcdserver/api/v3rpc/health.go
+++ b/server/etcdserver/api/v3rpc/health.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	healthpb "google.golang.org/grpc/health/grpc_health_v1"
 
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/features"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ func newHealthNotifier(hs *health.Server, s *etcdserver.EtcdServer) notifier {
 	if hs == nil {
 		panic("unexpected nil gRPC health server")
 	}
-	hc := &healthNotifier{hs: hs, lg: s.Logger(), stopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: s.Cfg.ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag}
+	hc := &healthNotifier{hs: hs, lg: s.Logger(), stopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: s.FeatureEnabled(features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag)}
 	// set grpc health server as serving status blindly since
 	// the grpc server will serve iff s.ReadyNotify() is closed.
 	hc.startServe()
diff --git a/server/features/etcd_features.go b/server/features/etcd_features.go
index 28db2aaa2..d6804f2d0 100644
--- a/server/features/etcd_features.go
+++ b/server/features/etcd_features.go
@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@ var (
 		DistributedTracing:      {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
 		StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
 	}
+	// ExperimentalFlagToFeatureMap is the map from the cmd line flags of experimental features
+	// to their corresponding feature gates.
+	// Deprecated: only add existing experimental features here. DO NOT use for new features.
+	ExperimentalFlagToFeatureMap = map[string]featuregate.Feature{
+		"experimental-stop-grpc-service-on-defrag": StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag,
+	}
 )
 
 func NewDefaultServerFeatureGate(name string, lg *zap.Logger) featuregate.FeatureGate {
diff --git a/server/go.mod b/server/go.mod
index a6440409a..ebcc3a601 100644
--- a/server/go.mod
+++ b/server/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 require (
 	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.6.0
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20211020170558-c049b76a60c6 // indirect
diff --git a/server/go.sum b/server/go.sum
index 4b1a5c986..4c0d657a7 100644
--- a/server/go.sum
+++ b/server/go.sum
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 h1:ypSNr+bnYL2YhwoMt2zPxHFmbAN1KZs/njMG3hxUp30=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0/go.mod h1:T+wALwcMOSE0kXgUAnPAHqTLW+XHgcELELW8VaDgm/M=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0 h1:RrRspgV4mU+YwB4FYnuBoKsUapNIL5cohGAmSH3azsw=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0/go.mod h1:GY7jblb9wI+FOo5y8/S2oY4zWP07AkOJ4+jxCqdqn54=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190227174305-5b3e6a55c961/go.mod h1:wehouNa3lNwaWXcvxsM5YxQ5yQlVC4a0KAMCusXpPoU=
@@ -164,30 +164,30 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201202161906-c7110b5ffcbb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 h1:3NFvSEYkUoMifnESzZl15y791HH1qU2xm6eCJU5ZPXQ=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190422165155-953cdadca894/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 h1:Twjiwq9dn6R1fQcyiK+wQyHWfaz/BJB+YIpzU/Cv3Xg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 h1:o7cqy6amK/52YcAKIPlM3a+Fpj35zvRj2TP+e1xFSfk=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0 h1:eTDhh4ZXt5Qf0augr54TN6suAUudPcawVZeIAPU7D4U=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190226205152-f727befe758c/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3HoIrodX9oNMXvdceNzlUR8zjMvY=
diff --git a/tools/mod/go.mod b/tools/mod/go.mod
index 69a3ec9d8..2ace43c1e 100644
--- a/tools/mod/go.mod
+++ b/tools/mod/go.mod
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 module go.etcd.io/etcd/tools/v3
 
-go 1.22.4
+go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 require (
-	github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.9
+	github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.13
 	github.com/appscodelabs/license-bill-of-materials v0.0.0-20220707232035-6018e0c5287c
 	github.com/chzchzchz/goword v0.0.0-20170907005317-a9744cb52b03
 	github.com/cloudflare/cfssl v1.6.5
@@ -210,16 +210,16 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.5.3 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240103183307-be819d1f06fc // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20240314144324-c7f7c6466f7f // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.23.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.24.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 // indirect
diff --git a/tools/mod/go.sum b/tools/mod/go.sum
index ac524e128..3336a2772 100644
--- a/tools/mod/go.sum
+++ b/tools/mod/go.sum
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.1.4 h1:WCvlB3l5Vq5dZQTFmodqL2g68uHiSww
 github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.1.4/go.mod h1:WyYPfhfkdhyrdaligV6svFopZV8Lqdzn5pyVBaV6jhQ=
 github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.4.0 h1:GhI2A8MACjfegCPVq9f1FLvIBS+DrQ2KQBFZP1iFzXc=
 github.com/alecthomas/repr v0.4.0/go.mod h1:Fr0507jx4eOXV7AlPV6AVZLYrLIuIeSOWtW57eE/O/4=
-github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.9 h1:rOmXAZyG3T2qDCCjXIoX8LyN43SYkMMtaT0UgOSE4Jc=
-github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.9/go.mod h1:KWyXCwCMBAxD0u9Nh5Y/7qcuDyi+akwLFIX2V3iexiA=
+github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.13 h1:mUebO5lq1VKfyIiQEe7hZkdJA0BghHKDeb7HdNvk+S0=
+github.com/alexfalkowski/gocovmerge v1.3.13/go.mod h1:rQnm0lnXv4b+d9c9kaFFtg6tAmgBikggPdrc0dEqbFY=
 github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.4 h1:yZuKmjqGi0pSmjGpOC016LtPJysIL0WEUiaXW5SUnNg=
 github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:bF5i0zF2Wo2o4X4USt9ntUWve6JbFv02Ff4vlkmS/VU=
 github.com/alexkohler/prealloc v1.0.0 h1:Hbq0/3fJPQhNkN0dR95AVrr6R7tou91y0uHG5pOcUuw=
@@ -525,8 +525,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.11.0/go.mod h1:xgJhtzW8F9jGdVFWZESrid1U1bjeNy4zgy5cRr/CIi
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0/go.mod h1:y6Z2r+Rw4iayiXXAIxJIDAJ1zMW4yaTpebo8fPOliYc=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.19.0/go.mod h1:Iy9bg/ha4yyC70EfRS8jz+B6ybOBKMaSxLj6P6oBDfU=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.21.0/go.mod h1:0BP7YvVV9gBbVKyeTG0Gyn+gZm94bibOW5BjDEYAOMs=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 h1:ypSNr+bnYL2YhwoMt2zPxHFmbAN1KZs/njMG3hxUp30=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0/go.mod h1:T+wALwcMOSE0kXgUAnPAHqTLW+XHgcELELW8VaDgm/M=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0 h1:RrRspgV4mU+YwB4FYnuBoKsUapNIL5cohGAmSH3azsw=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0/go.mod h1:GY7jblb9wI+FOo5y8/S2oY4zWP07AkOJ4+jxCqdqn54=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240103183307-be819d1f06fc h1:ao2WRsKSzW6KuUY9IWPwWahcHCgR0s52IfwutMfEbdM=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240103183307-be819d1f06fc/go.mod h1:iRJReGqOEeBhDZGkGbynYwcHlctCvnjTYIamk7uXpHI=
 golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20220428152302-39d4317da171/go.mod h1:AbB0pIl9nAr9wVwH+Z2ZpaocVmF5I4GyWCDIsVjR0bk=
@@ -547,8 +547,8 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.9.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.16.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0 h1:5+9lSbEzPSdWkH32vYPBwEpX8KwDbM52Ud9xBUvNlb0=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0 h1:utOm6MM3R3dnawAiJgn0y+xvuYRsm1RKM/4giyfDgV0=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.20.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190311183353-d8887717615a/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
@@ -573,8 +573,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.12.0/go.mod h1:zEVYFnQC7m/vmpQFELhcD1EWkZlX69l4oqgmer6hfKA=
 golang.org/x/net v0.15.0/go.mod h1:idbUs1IY1+zTqbi8yxTbhexhEEk5ur9LInksu6HrEpk=
 golang.org/x/net v0.21.0/go.mod h1:bIjVDfnllIU7BJ2DNgfnXvpSvtn8VRwhlsaeUTyUS44=
 golang.org/x/net v0.22.0/go.mod h1:JKghWKKOSdJwpW2GEx0Ja7fmaKnMsbu+MWVZTokSYmg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20200625203802-6e8e738ad208/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -584,8 +584,8 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 h1:3NFvSEYkUoMifnESzZl15y791HH1qU2xm6eCJU5ZPXQ=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180905080454-ebe1bf3edb33/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -618,8 +618,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.14.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.18.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 h1:Twjiwq9dn6R1fQcyiK+wQyHWfaz/BJB+YIpzU/Cv3Xg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/telemetry v0.0.0-20240228155512-f48c80bd79b2/go.mod h1:TeRTkGYfJXctD9OcfyVLyj2J3IxLnKwHJR8f4D8a3YE=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXRh80K7BxOlk5/8JxuGnuhpl+muw=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
@@ -634,8 +634,8 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.10.0/go.mod h1:lpqdcUyK/oCiQxvxVrppt5ggO2KCZ5QblwqPnfZ6d5o=
 golang.org/x/term v0.12.0/go.mod h1:owVbMEjm3cBLCHdkQu9b1opXd4ETQWc3BhuQGKgXgvU=
 golang.org/x/term v0.17.0/go.mod h1:lLRBjIVuehSbZlaOtGMbcMncT+aqLLLmKrsjNrUguwk=
 golang.org/x/term v0.18.0/go.mod h1:ILwASektA3OnRv7amZ1xhE/KTR+u50pbXfZ03+6Nx58=
-golang.org/x/term v0.22.0 h1:BbsgPEJULsl2fV/AT3v15Mjva5yXKQDyKf+TbDz7QJk=
-golang.org/x/term v0.22.0/go.mod h1:F3qCibpT5AMpCRfhfT53vVJwhLtIVHhB9XDjfFvnMI4=
+golang.org/x/term v0.23.0 h1:F6D4vR+EHoL9/sWAWgAR1H2DcHr4PareCbAaCo1RpuU=
+golang.org/x/term v0.23.0/go.mod h1:DgV24QBUrK6jhZXl+20l6UWznPlwAHm1Q1mGHtydmSk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
@@ -650,8 +650,8 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.9.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.11.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
 golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190321232350-e250d351ecad/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190910044552-dd2b5c81c578/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
@@ -680,8 +680,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.11.0/go.mod h1:anzJrxPjNtfgiYQYirP2CPGzGLxrH2u2QBhn6Bf3qY8=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.13.0/go.mod h1:HvlwmtVNQAhOuCjW7xxvovg8wbNq7LwfXh/k7wXUl58=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.19.0/go.mod h1:qoJWxmGSIBmAeriMx19ogtrEPrGtDbPK634QFIcLAhc=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0 h1:gqSGLZqv+AI9lIQzniJ0nZDRG5GBPsSi+DRNHWNz6yA=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0/go.mod h1:aCwcsjqvq7Yqt6TNyX7QMU2enbQ/Gt0bo6krSeEri+c=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.24.0 h1:J1shsA93PJUEVaUSaay7UXAyE8aimq3GW0pjlolpa24=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.24.0/go.mod h1:YhNqVBIfWHdzvTLs0d8LCuMhkKUgSUKldakyV7W/WDQ=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
diff --git a/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.mod b/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.mod
index 155c63f46..1c0a6f44f 100644
--- a/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.mod
+++ b/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/tools/rw-heatmaps/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 require (
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1
@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@ require (
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/image v0.18.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.sum b/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.sum
index 7abdff25f..49deecd68 100644
--- a/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.sum
+++ b/tools/rw-heatmaps/go.sum
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210119212857-b64e53b001e4/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.0/go.mod h1:xkSsbof2nBLbhDlRMhhhyNLN/zl3eTqcnHD5viDpcZ0=
diff --git a/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.mod b/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.mod
index c58e8d2f1..fbe346fa6 100644
--- a/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.mod
+++ b/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/tools/testgrid-analysis/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 require (
 	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/testgrid v0.0.173
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.sum b/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.sum
index 6b9dafc42..cd9bda493 100644
--- a/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.sum
+++ b/tools/testgrid-analysis/go.sum
@@ -1315,8 +1315,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.8.0/go.mod h1:QVkue5JL9kW//ek3r6jTKnTFis1tRmNAW2P1shuFdJc=
 golang.org/x/net v0.9.0/go.mod h1:d48xBJpPfHeWQsugry2m+kC02ZBRGRgulfHnEXEuWns=
 golang.org/x/net v0.10.0/go.mod h1:0qNGK6F8kojg2nk9dLZ2mShWaEBan6FAoqfSigmmuDg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.12.0/go.mod h1:zEVYFnQC7m/vmpQFELhcD1EWkZlX69l4oqgmer6hfKA=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
@@ -1463,8 +1463,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.7.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.9.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 h1:Twjiwq9dn6R1fQcyiK+wQyHWfaz/BJB+YIpzU/Cv3Xg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
 golang.org/x/term v0.1.0/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
@@ -1495,8 +1495,8 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.8.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.9.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.10.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
 golang.org/x/text v0.11.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20181108054448-85acf8d2951c/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20191024005414-555d28b269f0/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=



Test patch:
diff --git a/server/embed/config_test.go b/server/embed/config_test.go
index 3e76b35b1..cf18a5ec5 100644
--- a/server/embed/config_test.go
+++ b/server/embed/config_test.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
+	"strconv"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -93,10 +94,11 @@ func TestConfigFileOtherFields(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConfigFileFeatureGates(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
-		name                   string
-		serverFeatureGatesJSON string
-		expectErr              bool
-		expectedFeatures       map[featuregate.Feature]bool
+		name                                string
+		serverFeatureGatesJSON              string
+		experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag string
+		expectErr                           bool
+		expectedFeatures                    map[featuregate.Feature]bool
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "default",
@@ -106,25 +108,51 @@ func TestConfigFileFeatureGates(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:                   "set StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag to true",
-			serverFeatureGatesJSON: "StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true",
+			name:                                "cannot set both experimental flag and feature gate flag",
+			serverFeatureGatesJSON:              "StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true",
+			experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: "false",
+			expectErr:                           true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                                "ok to set different experimental flag and feature gate flag",
+			serverFeatureGatesJSON:              "DistributedTracing=true",
+			experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: "true",
 			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
-				features.DistributedTracing:      false,
+				features.DistributedTracing:      true,
 				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: true,
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:                   "set both features to true",
-			serverFeatureGatesJSON: "DistributedTracing=true,StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true",
+			name:                                "can set feature gate to true from experimental flag",
+			experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: "true",
 			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
-				features.DistributedTracing:      true,
 				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: true,
+				features.DistributedTracing:      false,
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:                   "error setting unrecognized feature",
-			serverFeatureGatesJSON: "DistributedTracing=true,StopGRPCServiceOnDefragExp=true",
-			expectErr:              true,
+			name:                                "can set feature gate to false from experimental flag",
+			experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: "false",
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: false,
+				features.DistributedTracing:      false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:                   "can set feature gate to true from feature gate flag",
+			serverFeatureGatesJSON: "StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true",
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: true,
+				features.DistributedTracing:      false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:                   "can set feature gate to false from feature gate flag",
+			serverFeatureGatesJSON: "StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=false",
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: false,
+				features.DistributedTracing:      false,
+			},
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
@@ -136,6 +164,13 @@ func TestConfigFileFeatureGates(t *testing.T) {
 				ServerFeatureGatesJSON: tc.serverFeatureGatesJSON,
 			}
 
+			if tc.experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag != "" {
+				experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag, err := strconv.ParseBool(tc.experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				yc.ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag = &experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag
+			}
 			b, err := yaml.Marshal(&yc)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
@@ -743,3 +778,101 @@ func TestUndefinedAutoCompactionModeValidate(t *testing.T) {
 	err := cfg.Validate()
 	require.Error(t, err)
 }
+
+func TestSetFeatureGatesFromExperimentalFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name                                string
+		featureGatesFlag                    string
+		experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag string
+		expectErr                           bool
+		expectedFeatures                    map[featuregate.Feature]bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "default",
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: false,
+				"TestAlpha":                      false,
+				"TestBeta":                       true,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:                                "cannot set experimental flag and feature gate to true at the same time",
+			featureGatesFlag:                    "StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true",
+			experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: "true",
+			expectErr:                           true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                                "cannot set experimental flag and feature gate to false at the same time",
+			featureGatesFlag:                    "StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=false",
+			experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: "false",
+			expectErr:                           true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                                "cannot set experimental flag and feature gate to different values at the same time",
+			featureGatesFlag:                    "StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true",
+			experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: "false",
+			expectErr:                           true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                                "can set experimental flag and other feature gates",
+			featureGatesFlag:                    "TestAlpha=true,TestBeta=false",
+			experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: "true",
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: true,
+				"TestAlpha":                      true,
+				"TestBeta":                       false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "can set feature gate when its experimental flag is not explicitly set",
+			featureGatesFlag: "TestAlpha=true,StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true",
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: true,
+				"TestAlpha":                      true,
+				"TestBeta":                       true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fg := features.NewDefaultServerFeatureGate("test", nil)
+			err := fg.(featuregate.MutableFeatureGate).Add(
+				map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+					"TestAlpha": {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+					"TestBeta":  {Default: true, PreRelease: featuregate.Beta},
+				})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			fg.(featuregate.MutableFeatureGate).Set(tc.featureGatesFlag)
+			var getExperimentalFlagVal func(flagName string) *bool
+			if tc.experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag == "" {
+				// experimental flag is not explicitly set
+				getExperimentalFlagVal = func(flagName string) *bool {
+					return nil
+				}
+			} else {
+				// mexperimental flag is explicitly set
+				getExperimentalFlagVal = func(flagName string) *bool {
+					// only the experimental-stop-grpc-service-on-defrag flag can be set in this test.
+					if flagName != "experimental-stop-grpc-service-on-defrag" {
+						return nil
+					}
+					flagVal, parseErr := strconv.ParseBool(tc.experimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag)
+					require.NoError(t, parseErr)
+					return &flagVal
+				}
+			}
+			err = SetFeatureGatesFromExperimentalFlags(fg, getExperimentalFlagVal, tc.featureGatesFlag)
+			if tc.expectErr {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			for k, v := range tc.expectedFeatures {
+				if fg.Enabled(k) != v {
+					t.Errorf("expected feature gate %s=%v, got %v", k, v, fg.Enabled(k))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/server/etcdmain/config_test.go b/server/etcdmain/config_test.go
index b4aa39b2a..21ceaafb0 100644
--- a/server/etcdmain/config_test.go
+++ b/server/etcdmain/config_test.go
@@ -407,19 +407,47 @@ func TestParseFeatureGateFlags(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "default",
 			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
-				features.DistributedTracing:      false,
 				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: false,
+				features.DistributedTracing:      false,
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			name: "can set feature gate flag",
+			name: "cannot set both experimental flag and feature gate flag",
 			args: []string{
 				"--experimental-stop-grpc-service-on-defrag=false",
-				fmt.Sprintf("--%s=DistributedTracing=true,StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true", embed.ServerFeatureGateFlagName),
+				"--feature-gates=StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true",
+			},
+			expectErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ok to set different experimental flag and feature gate flag",
+			args: []string{
+				"--experimental-stop-grpc-service-on-defrag=true",
+				"--feature-gates=DistributedTracing=true",
 			},
 			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: true,
 				features.DistributedTracing:      true,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "can set feature gate from experimental flag",
+			args: []string{
+				"--experimental-stop-grpc-service-on-defrag=true",
+			},
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
 				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: true,
+				features.DistributedTracing:      false,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "can set feature gate from feature gate flag",
+			args: []string{
+				"--feature-gates=StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag=true,DistributedTracing=true",
+			},
+			expectedFeatures: map[featuregate.Feature]bool{
+				features.StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: true,
+				features.DistributedTracing:      true,
 			},
 		},
 	}
diff --git a/tests/e2e/failover_test.go b/tests/e2e/failover_test.go
index aec467fcc..878603673 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/failover_test.go
+++ b/tests/e2e/failover_test.go
@@ -93,6 +93,44 @@ func TestFailoverOnDefrag(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedMinQPS:         20,
 			expectedMinFailureRate: 0.25,
 		},
+		{
+			name: "defrag failover happy case with feature gate",
+			clusterOptions: []e2e.EPClusterOption{
+				e2e.WithClusterSize(3),
+				e2e.WithServerFeatureGate("StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag", true),
+				e2e.WithGoFailEnabled(true),
+			},
+			gRPCDialOptions: []grpc.DialOption{
+				grpc.WithDisableServiceConfig(),
+				grpc.WithDefaultServiceConfig(`{"loadBalancingPolicy": "round_robin", "healthCheckConfig": {"serviceName": ""}}`),
+			},
+			expectedMinQPS:         20,
+			expectedMaxFailureRate: 0.01,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "defrag blocks one-third of requests with StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag feature gate set to false",
+			clusterOptions: []e2e.EPClusterOption{
+				e2e.WithClusterSize(3),
+				e2e.WithServerFeatureGate("StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag", false),
+				e2e.WithGoFailEnabled(true),
+			},
+			gRPCDialOptions: []grpc.DialOption{
+				grpc.WithDisableServiceConfig(),
+				grpc.WithDefaultServiceConfig(`{"loadBalancingPolicy": "round_robin", "healthCheckConfig": {"serviceName": ""}}`),
+			},
+			expectedMinQPS:         20,
+			expectedMinFailureRate: 0.25,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "defrag blocks one-third of requests with StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag feature gate set to true and client health check disabled",
+			clusterOptions: []e2e.EPClusterOption{
+				e2e.WithClusterSize(3),
+				e2e.WithServerFeatureGate("StopGRPCServiceOnDefrag", true),
+				e2e.WithGoFailEnabled(true),
+			},
+			expectedMinQPS:         20,
+			expectedMinFailureRate: 0.25,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range tcs {
diff --git a/tests/framework/e2e/cluster.go b/tests/framework/e2e/cluster.go
index cb8b35d7f..23d422aa3 100644
--- a/tests/framework/e2e/cluster.go
+++ b/tests/framework/e2e/cluster.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/etcdserverpb"
 	clientv3 "go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/featuregate"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3/proxy"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/embed"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver"
@@ -358,6 +359,14 @@ func WithExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag(stopGRPCServiceOnDefrag bool) EPClu
 	}
 }
 
+func WithServerFeatureGate(featureName string, val bool) EPClusterOption {
+	return func(c *EtcdProcessClusterConfig) {
+		if err := c.ServerConfig.ServerFeatureGate.(featuregate.MutableFeatureGate).Set(fmt.Sprintf("%s=%v", featureName, val)); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func WithCompactionBatchLimit(limit int) EPClusterOption {
 	return func(c *EtcdProcessClusterConfig) { c.ServerConfig.ExperimentalCompactionBatchLimit = limit }
 }
diff --git a/tests/framework/integration/cluster.go b/tests/framework/integration/cluster.go
index e3ef2a448..95b5c88d9 100644
--- a/tests/framework/integration/cluster.go
+++ b/tests/framework/integration/cluster.go
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ import (
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver/api/v3lock"
 	lockpb "go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver/api/v3lock/v3lockpb"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver/api/v3rpc"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/features"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/verify"
 	framecfg "go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3/framework/config"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3/framework/testutils"
@@ -174,8 +175,6 @@ type ClusterConfig struct {
 	ExperimentalMaxLearners     int
 	DisableStrictReconfigCheck  bool
 	CorruptCheckTime            time.Duration
-
-	ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag bool
 }
 
 type Cluster struct {
@@ -266,34 +265,33 @@ func (c *Cluster) mustNewMember(t testutil.TB) *Member {
 
 	m := MustNewMember(t,
 		MemberConfig{
-			Name:                                fmt.Sprintf("m%v", memberNumber),
-			MemberNumber:                        memberNumber,
-			AuthToken:                           c.Cfg.AuthToken,
-			PeerTLS:                             c.Cfg.PeerTLS,
-			ClientTLS:                           c.Cfg.ClientTLS,
-			QuotaBackendBytes:                   c.Cfg.QuotaBackendBytes,
-			BackendBatchInterval:                c.Cfg.BackendBatchInterval,
-			MaxTxnOps:                           c.Cfg.MaxTxnOps,
-			MaxRequestBytes:                     c.Cfg.MaxRequestBytes,
-			SnapshotCount:                       c.Cfg.SnapshotCount,
-			SnapshotCatchUpEntries:              c.Cfg.SnapshotCatchUpEntries,
-			GRPCKeepAliveMinTime:                c.Cfg.GRPCKeepAliveMinTime,
-			GRPCKeepAliveInterval:               c.Cfg.GRPCKeepAliveInterval,
-			GRPCKeepAliveTimeout:                c.Cfg.GRPCKeepAliveTimeout,
-			GRPCAdditionalServerOptions:         c.Cfg.GRPCAdditionalServerOptions,
-			ClientMaxCallSendMsgSize:            c.Cfg.ClientMaxCallSendMsgSize,
-			ClientMaxCallRecvMsgSize:            c.Cfg.ClientMaxCallRecvMsgSize,
-			UseIP:                               c.Cfg.UseIP,
-			UseBridge:                           c.Cfg.UseBridge,
-			UseTCP:                              c.Cfg.UseTCP,
-			EnableLeaseCheckpoint:               c.Cfg.EnableLeaseCheckpoint,
-			LeaseCheckpointInterval:             c.Cfg.LeaseCheckpointInterval,
-			LeaseCheckpointPersist:              c.Cfg.LeaseCheckpointPersist,
-			WatchProgressNotifyInterval:         c.Cfg.WatchProgressNotifyInterval,
-			ExperimentalMaxLearners:             c.Cfg.ExperimentalMaxLearners,
-			DisableStrictReconfigCheck:          c.Cfg.DisableStrictReconfigCheck,
-			CorruptCheckTime:                    c.Cfg.CorruptCheckTime,
-			ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag: c.Cfg.ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag,
+			Name:                        fmt.Sprintf("m%v", memberNumber),
+			MemberNumber:                memberNumber,
+			AuthToken:                   c.Cfg.AuthToken,
+			PeerTLS:                     c.Cfg.PeerTLS,
+			ClientTLS:                   c.Cfg.ClientTLS,
+			QuotaBackendBytes:           c.Cfg.QuotaBackendBytes,
+			BackendBatchInterval:        c.Cfg.BackendBatchInterval,
+			MaxTxnOps:                   c.Cfg.MaxTxnOps,
+			MaxRequestBytes:             c.Cfg.MaxRequestBytes,
+			SnapshotCount:               c.Cfg.SnapshotCount,
+			SnapshotCatchUpEntries:      c.Cfg.SnapshotCatchUpEntries,
+			GRPCKeepAliveMinTime:        c.Cfg.GRPCKeepAliveMinTime,
+			GRPCKeepAliveInterval:       c.Cfg.GRPCKeepAliveInterval,
+			GRPCKeepAliveTimeout:        c.Cfg.GRPCKeepAliveTimeout,
+			GRPCAdditionalServerOptions: c.Cfg.GRPCAdditionalServerOptions,
+			ClientMaxCallSendMsgSize:    c.Cfg.ClientMaxCallSendMsgSize,
+			ClientMaxCallRecvMsgSize:    c.Cfg.ClientMaxCallRecvMsgSize,
+			UseIP:                       c.Cfg.UseIP,
+			UseBridge:                   c.Cfg.UseBridge,
+			UseTCP:                      c.Cfg.UseTCP,
+			EnableLeaseCheckpoint:       c.Cfg.EnableLeaseCheckpoint,
+			LeaseCheckpointInterval:     c.Cfg.LeaseCheckpointInterval,
+			LeaseCheckpointPersist:      c.Cfg.LeaseCheckpointPersist,
+			WatchProgressNotifyInterval: c.Cfg.WatchProgressNotifyInterval,
+			ExperimentalMaxLearners:     c.Cfg.ExperimentalMaxLearners,
+			DisableStrictReconfigCheck:  c.Cfg.DisableStrictReconfigCheck,
+			CorruptCheckTime:            c.Cfg.CorruptCheckTime,
 		})
 	m.DiscoveryURL = c.Cfg.DiscoveryURL
 	return m
@@ -619,8 +617,6 @@ type MemberConfig struct {
 	ExperimentalMaxLearners     int
 	DisableStrictReconfigCheck  bool
 	CorruptCheckTime            time.Duration
-
-	ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag bool
 }
 
 // MustNewMember return an inited member with the given name. If peerTLS is
@@ -729,7 +725,6 @@ func MustNewMember(t testutil.TB, mcfg MemberConfig) *Member {
 	if mcfg.CorruptCheckTime > time.Duration(0) {
 		m.CorruptCheckTime = mcfg.CorruptCheckTime
 	}
-	m.ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag = mcfg.ExperimentalStopGRPCServiceOnDefrag
 	m.WarningApplyDuration = embed.DefaultWarningApplyDuration
 	m.WarningUnaryRequestDuration = embed.DefaultWarningUnaryRequestDuration
 	m.ExperimentalMaxLearners = membership.DefaultMaxLearners
@@ -740,6 +735,7 @@ func MustNewMember(t testutil.TB, mcfg MemberConfig) *Member {
 	m.GRPCServerRecorder = &grpctesting.GRPCRecorder{}
 
 	m.Logger, m.LogObserver = memberLogger(t, mcfg.Name)
+	m.ServerFeatureGate = features.NewDefaultServerFeatureGate(m.Name, m.Logger)
 
 	m.StrictReconfigCheck = !mcfg.DisableStrictReconfigCheck
 	if err := m.listenGRPC(); err != nil {
diff --git a/tests/go.mod b/tests/go.mod
index f34b1a0f7..57e6b857e 100644
--- a/tests/go.mod
+++ b/tests/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.5
+toolchain go1.22.6
 
 replace (
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 => ../api
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0
-	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.6.0
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2
 )
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.27.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240723171418-e6d459c13d2a // indirect
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
diff --git a/tests/go.sum b/tests/go.sum
index b5400cb4e..73bff1fc9 100644
--- a/tests/go.sum
+++ b/tests/go.sum
@@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 h1:ypSNr+bnYL2YhwoMt2zPxHFmbAN1KZs/njMG3hxUp30=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0/go.mod h1:T+wALwcMOSE0kXgUAnPAHqTLW+XHgcELELW8VaDgm/M=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0 h1:RrRspgV4mU+YwB4FYnuBoKsUapNIL5cohGAmSH3azsw=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0/go.mod h1:GY7jblb9wI+FOo5y8/S2oY4zWP07AkOJ4+jxCqdqn54=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20190227174305-5b3e6a55c961/go.mod h1:wehouNa3lNwaWXcvxsM5YxQ5yQlVC4a0KAMCusXpPoU=
@@ -191,16 +191,16 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201202161906-c7110b5ffcbb/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
-golang.org/x/net v0.27.0/go.mod h1:dDi0PyhWNoiUOrAS8uXv/vnScO4wnHQO4mj9fn/RytE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 h1:a9JDOJc5GMUJ0+UDqmLT86WiEy7iWyIhz8gz8E4e5hE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yqtgsTWOOnlGLG9GFRrK3++bGOUEkNBoHZc8MEDWPNg=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 h1:3NFvSEYkUoMifnESzZl15y791HH1qU2xm6eCJU5ZPXQ=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -209,14 +209,14 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 h1:Twjiwq9dn6R1fQcyiK+wQyHWfaz/BJB+YIpzU/Cv3Xg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 h1:o7cqy6amK/52YcAKIPlM3a+Fpj35zvRj2TP+e1xFSfk=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 h1:XtiM5bkSOt+ewxlOE/aE/AKEHibwj/6gvWMl9Rsh0Qc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.17.0/go.mod h1:BuEKDfySbSR4drPmRPG/7iBdf8hvFMuRexcpahXilzY=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0 h1:eTDhh4ZXt5Qf0augr54TN6suAUudPcawVZeIAPU7D4U=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190226205152-f727befe758c/go.mod h1:9Yl7xja0Znq3iFh3HoIrodX9oNMXvdceNzlUR8zjMvY=