Repository: gradio-app/gradio

Issue:
The pandas style `.hide` does not work properly with `gr.Dataframe()`
### Describe the bug

The bug involves the Gradio library's handling of styled DataFrames when using the `.hide()` method on a Styler object in Pandas. Specifically, when a DataFrame column (in this case, "color") is hidden using `.hide(axis=1, subset=['color'])`, it correctly does not appear in the exported HTML file or when i export to excel. However, this hidden column still renders in the gr.DataFrame() component of Gradio, which contradicts the intended behavior of hiding it.
I'd like to keep this hidden column to have the color style context of the dataframe.

### Have you searched existing issues?  🔎

- [X] I have searched and found no existing issues

### Reproduction

```python
import gradio as gr
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6], "color": ['background-color: rgba(255, 128, 0, 0.5)', 'background-color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.5)', 'background-color: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.5)']})

def init():
    # i do like to keep the color column to keep the state of the highlight colors
    styled_df = df.style.apply(lambda x: [x['color']] * len(x) , axis=1).hide(axis=1, subset=['color'])
    # export to check the styling
    styled_df.to_html("styled_df.html")
    return styled_df

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    gr_df = gr.DataFrame(None)
    bttn = gr.Button("Run")
    bttn.click(fn=init, outputs=gr_df)
    
demo.launch()
```

### Screenshot
Gradio interface
![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f3cf7759-7d27-4c09-bcc5-7b2e0aec43fb)
Exported pandas html
![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/8578742f-56cd-4362-8a75-aaa092bae30b)


### Logs

```shell
No Logs were shown
```


### System Info

```shell
Python 3.12
gradio==5.1.0
pandas==2.2.3
```


### Severity

I can work around it

Discussion:

Solution patch:
diff --git a/.changeset/full-cups-melt.md b/.changeset/full-cups-melt.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb367753a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/full-cups-melt.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"gradio": patch
+---
+
+fix:Ensure columns hidden with pandas `.hide()` works as expected
diff --git a/gradio/components/dataframe.py b/gradio/components/dataframe.py
index 4f820abb0..86bf7d23c 100644
--- a/gradio/components/dataframe.py
+++ b/gradio/components/dataframe.py
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ class Dataframe(Component):
     ) -> DataframeData:
         """
         Parameters:
-            value: Expects data any of these formats: `pandas.DataFrame`, `pandas.Styler`, `numpy.array`, `polars.DataFrame`, `list[list]`, `list`, or a `dict` with keys 'data' (and optionally 'headers'), or `str` path to a csv, which is rendered as the spreadsheet.
+            value: Expects data in any of these formats: `pandas.DataFrame`, `pandas.Styler`, `numpy.array`, `polars.DataFrame`, `list[list]`, `list`, or a `dict` with keys 'data' (and optionally 'headers'), or `str` path to a csv, which is rendered as the spreadsheet.
         Returns:
             the uploaded spreadsheet data as an object with `headers` and `data` keys and optional `metadata` key
         """
@@ -286,10 +286,14 @@ class Dataframe(Component):
             )
 
         if value is None or self._is_empty(value):
-            return self.postprocess(self.empty_input)
+            return DataframeData(
+                headers=self.headers, data=[["" for _ in range(len(self.headers))]]
+            )
         if isinstance(value, dict):
             if len(value) == 0:
-                return DataframeData(headers=self.headers, data=[[]])
+                return DataframeData(
+                    headers=self.headers, data=[["" for _ in range(len(self.headers))]]
+                )
             return DataframeData(
                 headers=value.get("headers", []), data=value.get("data", [[]])
             )
@@ -299,11 +303,11 @@ class Dataframe(Component):
             if len(value) == 0:
                 return DataframeData(
                     headers=[str(col) for col in value.columns],  # Convert to strings
-                    data=[[]],  # type: ignore
+                    data=[["" for _ in range(len(value.columns))]],
                 )
             return DataframeData(
-                headers=[str(col) for col in value.columns],  # Convert to strings
-                data=value.to_dict(orient="split")["data"],  # type: ignore
+                headers=[str(col) for col in value.columns],
+                data=value.to_dict(orient="split")["data"],
             )
         elif isinstance(value, Styler):
             if self.interactive:
@@ -311,16 +315,27 @@ class Dataframe(Component):
                     "Cannot display Styler object in interactive mode. Will display as a regular pandas dataframe instead."
                 )
             df: pd.DataFrame = value.data  # type: ignore
+            visible_cols = [
+                i
+                for i, col in enumerate(df.columns)
+                if i not in getattr(value, "hidden_columns", [])
+            ]
+            df = df.iloc[:, visible_cols]
+
             if len(df) == 0:
                 return DataframeData(
                     headers=list(df.columns),
-                    data=[[]],
-                    metadata=self.__extract_metadata(value),  # type: ignore
+                    data=[["" for _ in range(len(df.columns))]],
+                    metadata=self.__extract_metadata(
+                        value, getattr(value, "hidden_columns", [])
+                    ),  # type: ignore
                 )
             return DataframeData(
                 headers=list(df.columns),
                 data=df.to_dict(orient="split")["data"],  # type: ignore
-                metadata=self.__extract_metadata(value),  # type: ignore
+                metadata=self.__extract_metadata(
+                    value, getattr(value, "hidden_columns", [])
+                ),  # type: ignore
             )
         elif _is_polars_available() and isinstance(value, _import_polars().DataFrame):
             if len(value) == 0:
@@ -360,22 +375,30 @@ class Dataframe(Component):
         return styles_str
 
     @staticmethod
-    def __extract_metadata(df: Styler) -> dict[str, list[list]]:
+    def __extract_metadata(
+        df: Styler, hidden_cols: list[int] | None = None
+    ) -> dict[str, list[list]]:
         metadata = {"display_value": [], "styling": []}
         style_data = df._compute()._translate(None, None)  # type: ignore
         cell_styles = style_data.get("cellstyle", [])
+        hidden_cols = hidden_cols if hidden_cols is not None else []
         for i in range(len(style_data["body"])):
-            metadata["display_value"].append([])
-            metadata["styling"].append([])
+            row_display = []
+            row_styling = []
+            col_idx = 0
             for j in range(len(style_data["body"][i])):
                 cell_type = style_data["body"][i][j]["type"]
                 if cell_type != "td":
                     continue
-                display_value = style_data["body"][i][j]["display_value"]
-                cell_id = style_data["body"][i][j]["id"]
-                styles_str = Dataframe.__get_cell_style(cell_id, cell_styles)
-                metadata["display_value"][i].append(display_value)
-                metadata["styling"][i].append(styles_str)
+                if col_idx not in hidden_cols:
+                    display_value = style_data["body"][i][j]["display_value"]
+                    cell_id = style_data["body"][i][j]["id"]
+                    styles_str = Dataframe.__get_cell_style(cell_id, cell_styles)
+                    row_display.append(display_value)
+                    row_styling.append(styles_str)
+                col_idx += 1
+            metadata["display_value"].append(row_display)
+            metadata["styling"].append(row_styling)
         return metadata
 
     @staticmethod


Test patch:
diff --git a/test/components/test_dataframe.py b/test/components/test_dataframe.py
index e5153a0c2..61fbc1856 100644
--- a/test/components/test_dataframe.py
+++ b/test/components/test_dataframe.py
@@ -322,3 +322,32 @@ class TestDataframe:
                 ],
             },
         }
+
+    def test_dataframe_hidden_columns(self):
+        """Test that hidden columns are properly excluded from the output"""
+        component = gr.Dataframe()
+        df = pd.DataFrame(
+            {"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6], "color": ["red", "blue", "green"]}
+        )
+        styled_df = df.style.hide(axis=1, subset=["color"])
+        output = component.postprocess(styled_df).model_dump()
+        assert output == {
+            "data": [
+                [1, 4],
+                [2, 5],
+                [3, 6],
+            ],
+            "headers": ["a", "b"],
+            "metadata": {
+                "display_value": [
+                    ["1", "4"],
+                    ["2", "5"],
+                    ["3", "6"],
+                ],
+                "styling": [
+                    ["", ""],
+                    ["", ""],
+                    ["", ""],
+                ],
+            },
+        }