Ilungu lekhemikhali ngalinye linikwa uphawu okanye isimboli eyodwa eyenza okokuba lahluke kuzo zonke ezinye iikhemikhali. Impawu okanye iisimboli yekhemikhali zisetyenziswa emhlabeni jikelele. Oko kuthetha okokuba, akukhathaliseki nokokuba uthetha oluphi ulwimi, akukho kubhideka malunga nokokuba ithetha ukuthini na le nto iluphawu okanye isimboli. Iimpawu okanye isimboli yekhemikhali kumalungu ayo zivela kumagama azo angesiNgesi okanye isiLatini. Umzekelo, i-carbon inophawu okanye isimboli yekhemikhali engu'C', kanti yona i-sodium inesimboli yekhemikhali engu'Na', ithiywa ngegama lesiLatini elithi natrium. I-Tungsten yona ibizwa ngokuba yi-'W' ithiywe ngegama lesiJamani elithi, wolfram. I-'Au' yisimboli yegolide kwaye ivela kwigama lesiLatini elimele igolide nelaziwa ngokuba yi-aurum. Enye isimboli evela kwisiLatini yi-'Ag'. Eli lilungu lekhemikhali eyi-silver kwaye livela kwisiLatini esingu-argentum. Isimboli ye-Lead, yi-'Pb', ivela kwigama lesiLatini elithi plumbum nakwigama lesiNgesi elithi plumber lakhutshwa kweli gama kuba imibhobho yayisayakwenziwa ngesiciko. Ezinye iisimboli zeekhemikhali zaathiywa ngoosoziwayo, ezo ke zezifana ne-einsteinium, eyathiywa ngoAlbert Einstein.

Umama ka Miriam wagwetywa iinyanga ezintandathu ese tilogweni,ngoko ke no Miriam wachitha ezonyanga esentilogweni,ebuntwaneni bakhe uMiriam uye wacula kwenye ikwayara wase Kilmerton training Istitution ePitoli ,kwisikolo sama banga aphantsi aweye funde kuso iminyaka eSibhozo.Impumelelo eyamenza wagqama ngakumbi yeyokuba wayesoloko ezithanda enguye nje engaziqabi nangee ""make up"" xa ezokucula eqongeni

Amagqabi omthi aluhlaza ngombala amaxesha amaninzi, kodwa ingabonakala ngemibala emininzi, indlela emile ngayo, kunye nobukhulu bemilinganiselo yayo. Amagqabi akhongozela imitha yelanga aze asebenzise amanzi kunye nokutya okuze kuhamba ngeengcambu nto leyo ekhulisa umthi, utsho ukwazi nokuqhama.

Wayethe uNongqawuse aze athi umntu othe wayixhela, wayenza isimawusi inkomo yakhe, awuqashe umphefumlo wayo, ukuze ithi mhla yavuka ivukele yena, ibe yeyakhe. Waahambisa wathi bonke abangaxhelanga bayakuphephetheka sisaqhwithi esikhulu baye kweyela elwandle.

I-valve sisixhobo esisetyenziswa xa kucuthwa kuvalwa isantya sokubaleka kwento engamanzi (ezinjengee-gases, izinto ezingamanzi, izinto ezinamanzi kuzo, okanye ii-slurries). Isenokufakwa kwimibhobho okanye kwisitya.

I-Oxygen (O) yi-chemical element. Ngokwendalo, i-oxygen yi-gas engenambala nengenavumba. I-Oxygen yi-element ebaluleke kakhulu kuba iyinxalenye yomoya ophefumlwa ngabantu ikwayinxalenye yamanzi aselwa ngabantu. Ngenxa yoku, i-oxygen ixhasa ubomi. Izinto ezininzi eziphilayo (kuquka abantu zifuna i-oxygenukuze ziphile nokuze ziphefumle, nangona isibayityhefu kwezindle iindlela ekuphilwa kuzo. Kw[i-[liquid]] state of matter, i-oxygen

Enye i-number system ixhaphake kakhulu kwiimatshini. I-machine number system ibizwa ngokuba yi-binary number system. I-binary number system isoloko ibizwa ngokuba yi-base two number system. Zimbini ke iimpawu, (nazi: ngu-0 no-1) ezisetyenziswa kwi-base two number system. Ezi mpawu zimbini zibizwa ngokuba zii-bits.