ᎯᎠ Kroni, ᎯᎠ primordial manifestation ᎤᏐᏅᎢ, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ fragmented ᎾᎾᎯ ᏑᏓᎵ. ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ successive Yuga; ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏛ, Kaliyan (ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂ) ᏫᎵ ᎾᏍᏋ sentenced ᏨᏍᎩᏃ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏙᏅ judgement ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏓᏁᏤᏗ Ayyavazhi ᏫᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ dualism. Kaliyan ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎤᏐᏅᎢ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ commonly accepted Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎯᎠ maya (ᎤᏐᏅᎢ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ) ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ symbolised ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ. ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᏈᏙᏪᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ commonly concerned ᎬᏙᏗ Ultimate Oneness ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ dualistic ᏫᏓᎧᏃᏗᏱ ᎨᏒᎩ contrasted ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ monistic narration. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏛᎢ Arul Nool, ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᎬ Vaikundar, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎩ belived ᎾᏍᏋ ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ arulalarkal ᎠᎴ Citars, ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎧᎵᏬᎯ monistic.

ᎢᎦᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏚᎲᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ municipalities. ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ gayatohvsdi Ꮎ ""ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏚᎲ"" ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎦᏚᎲ, ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎤᎭ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ-opted ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᏗᎢ developers ᎪᏢᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏎᎸᎯ ᎤᏃᏴᎬ welcoming ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᎵᎢᏴ. ᎯᎠ ᏂᏚᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ-ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏚᎲ ᎬᏙᏗ 20 ᎠᎴ 30-ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏍᎩ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ-ᎤᎵᏌᎳᏙᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ Westwood ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏚᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Los Angeles.

ᏐᎢ historians, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏙᏗ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᏝᏅᏓᏕᎲ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ Ꮝ independence. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ James McPherson ᎤᎭ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ, ᎯᎠ Confederacy ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲᏊ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ defensive, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎦᏲᎳᎨᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎦᎷᎩ. ᎯᎠ ᏗᏌᏊ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᎯ, ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎯᎠ strategic offensive, faced ᎤᎪᏗᏗ manpower ᏗᏔᏲᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᏦᎠᏎᏗ ᏗᏠᎯᏍᏗᏱ. ᏓᏄᏩ weariness ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᏗᏌᏊ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᎯ civilians mounted ᎨᎳᏛᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ casualties, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᏗᏌᏊ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᎯ advantages ᎪᎯᏳᏔᏅ decisive. ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ, ᎯᎠ inevitability ᏗᏌᏊ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᎯ ᎠᏓᏎᎪᎩᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᎵᏃᎯᏴᎯ hotly contested ᏄᎾᏛᏅ scholars.

ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ, ᏗᏲᏍᏗ Ꮎ ᎥᏝ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎠᎴᏅᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ, ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎠᏂ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ Ꮎ ᎠᏲᎸᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᎵᏏᏅᏙᏗ standstill ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ Ꮝ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏙᏗ ᎪᎢ, immobilizing ᎦᎨᏛ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ. ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎭᏫᏂ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ cryptanalytic ᏌᏊᎭ, ᎤᎴᏫᏍᏗ Hypo.

ᏀᎢᏳᎨᏒ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎤᏕᎶᎰᏒ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎠᎾᎵᏏᏀᎢᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏚᏕᏲᏅᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏂᎾᏗᏅᏗ participants ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏅ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1867 ᎠᎾᏏᎦᏯ ᏄᏁᎸᎾ ᎤᎴᏅᎲ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎠᎵᏏᏅᏙᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1871 ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏕᎦᏃᏣᎸ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏚᎵᏍᎪᎵᏴ ᎠᎾᎵᏏᏀᎢᏍᏗᏍᎩ (Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre), ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᏗᎾᏙᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏙᏓ ᎯᎠ Austrian ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎠᎳᏏᏅᏙᏗ ᏁᎵᏒ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎤᏂᎦᏛᎲᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ ᎣᏍᏓᎯᎨ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᎢ.

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏕᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᏓᎾᏓᎵᎮᎵᎬ, Genoa ᎠᎴ Lübeck, ᏕᎦᏚᎲ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎩᏍᎬᎢ dagatuwisdisgv ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏃᏢᏍᎬ ᎤᏁᏉᏨᎯ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ. ᎤᏠᏱ phenomena existed ᎠᎴ ᎾᎾᎯᏴ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ Sakai, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᎮᎵᎬ ᎤᎪᏗ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎣᏂᏱᏳ lyudetiyvda ᎠᏰᎵ.

ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎠᎴᏅᏘᏍᎬ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ Wohlwill ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏍᏙᏍᎩ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ. ᏐᎢ ᎢᏗᎬᎾᏗ ᎠᎦᏛᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏕᎦᏅᎦᎵᏍᎬ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏒ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ ᎠᎴ inquartation ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ cuppelation, ᎠᎴ refining ᎢᏗᎬᎾᏗ ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎹ regia.

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏚᏂᏃᏗ 2005, ᏑᏓᎵ European ᏙᏯ ᎨᏒᎩ re-ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏩᏁᎸ ᎡᎵᏏᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎳᏗᎨ ᏍᏙᏍᎩᏱ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᎶᏤᏍᏖᏒ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ re-ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏍᎦᏥᎳᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎴᏏ.