ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1854, ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎢᏯ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎵᏍᏆᎵᏛ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏂᎦᏔᏩᏙᏅᏩᏙᏗ-ᏎᎷᏱ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ. ᎯᎠ Whig ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ disappeared, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏤ ᎤᏴᏜ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏚᎴᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ꮝ ᎾᎿᎢ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ sectional ᎠᏔᏲᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ commitment ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏚᏃᎯᏍᏔᏍᎧ slavery. ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏛ ᏓᎾᏩᏄᏁᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᏂᎦᏔᏩᏙᏅᏩᏙᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ, ᎯᎠ Dred Scott ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ 1857, John ᏬᏗᎨ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏓᏲᏎᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1859 ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏍᏡᏴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Democratic ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1860 polarized ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ. ᎯᎠ ᏗᏙᎩᏯᏛ Lincoln ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1860 ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏙᏅ trigger ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ secession. ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ secession crisis, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏯᎸᎩ ᏌᏊ ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ""Crittenden ᎣᏍᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ,"" ᎠᎴ ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ.

ᏧᎦᎴᏅᏓ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ Ayyavazhi followers ᎢᎦᏛ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏧᏁᎸᏗᏯ faculties too recognise Ayyavazhi ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᏗᏁᎸᏙᏗ. ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ Ayyavazhi ᎨᏒᎢ practiced ᏙᏯᏗᏢ Tamil Nadu too, ᎯᎠ followers Ayyavazhi ᎠᎴ ᎠᎬᏫᏳᏛ ᎡᏙᎠ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏍᎦᏚᎩ Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli ᎠᎴ Tuticorin ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Tamil Nadu. Ayyavazi ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ꮝ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏍᏉᎯᏧᏈ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏗ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏧᎾᏁᎸᏗ missionaries ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ-19th ᏍᏉᎯᏧᏈ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏬᎳᏨᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᎬ Ayya Vaikundar ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏁᎸᏗᏯ texts Akilattirattu Ammanai ᎠᎴ Arul Nool.

ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏎᏊᎢ ᎩᎵᏏ - Spanish ᎠᏕᎸ ᏄᎾᏍᏛ glossaries ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ English to Spanish Dictionary of Finance Terms ᎠᎴ Spanish to English Dictionary of Finance Terms

ᎬᎿᎨᏍᏛ ᎠᏁᎯ ᎧᎹᎹ ᏫᏚᏁᏋ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏁᎯ ᎠᏁᎿᎢ. ᏗᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᏓᏂᏴᏌᏛ ᏓᏅᏗᏍᎪ ᎤᏠᏱᏭ ᏧᏃᏰᎾ. ᎠᎹ ᎠᏂᎫᎩᏍᏗᏍᎪ ᎤᎾᏗᏔᏍᏗ ᏃᏊᎴ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎹ ᏓᎾᎵᏍᏚᏟᏍᏗᏍᎪ ᎤᏁᏌᏴᏜ ᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ, ᏃᎴ ᏑᎵᏍᏚᏒ ᏱᏓᏂᎾᏌᏁᎩ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏂᏙᏗ ᎠᏂᏴᏌᏛᎢ.

ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏂᎪᎯᎸ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏁᏍᎨᏓ ᏴᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᎴ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ updated ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᏤ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅᎯ. 911 Memorials ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ Ꮎ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎨᎦᏃᏗ ᎯᎠ newest ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏟᏌᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ ᏓᏓᏁᎳᏁ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎾᎥ ᏄᎾᏓᎸ, ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᏙᏱᏗᏢ ᎦᏚᎲ Ꮎ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᎠᏅᏓᏗᏍᏙᏗ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏓᏅᏅ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎤᏆᏓᏛ.

ᎯᎠ ᎠᏚᏓᎸᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᏠᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎤᏬᏢᏗ ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ, ᎦᎪ ᎤᎭ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᏁᎤᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏭᏔᏅᎢ ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏂᏁᏨ: ""ᏣᏂ Marshall ᎤᎭ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ; ᎾᏊ ᎤᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ!"" ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎥᏝ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ ᎪᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏂᎧᎵ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᏗᎳᏏᏙᏗ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ. ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎠᏰᎲ Ꮭ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏣᏥᏱ, ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎦᏳᎳ ᎤᏦᎠᏎᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ' ᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᏯᏙᎯᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᏓᎪᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎥᏓᏓᎫᏴᎡᏗᏱ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ. ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ 1830, ᎯᎠ Ꭴ.. ᏩᏥᏂ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ ᏗᏓᏁᏤᏗ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ, ᎦᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᎠᏴᏫᏯ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎦᏙᎯ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎻᏏᏏᏈ ᎤᏪᏴ. ᏤᎩ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏗᏒᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏣᏥᏱ ᏩᏗᏱ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᏀᎾ ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ.

ᏙᏯ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏗᎵᎪᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ 17th ᏍᏉᎯᏧᏈ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏗ ᎤᏁᏉᎢᏍᏗ ᏳᎳᏛ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᏭᏅᎩ ᎦᏐᎯ ᎡᎵᏏᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎸᏥᏱ ᎭᏢᏃ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᎾᎯ ᏗᏄᏬ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ. ᏂᎬᎢ ᎠᏂᏃᎯᎵᏙᎲ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏣᏅᏙ ᏙᏯ ᎤᏗᏅᏒᎩ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ endangerment. ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏭᏯᏔᏅ ᏗᏓᏁᏟᏴᎡᏗ ᎤᏅᏨᎩ ᏧᎦᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎢᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᏔᏲᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏳᎳᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ takeover ᎠᏣᏅᏙ ᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᏏᏒ ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ ᎢᎦᏛ. ᎤᏍᏗ resurgence ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏙᏯ ᎠᏣᏅᏙ ᎤᎭ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎭᏢᏃ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ-ᎾᏂᎥ ᏴᏫ ᏙᏯ; ᎠᏣᏅᏙ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎠᏍᏆᏛᎯ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏭᏯᏔᏅ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏄᎶᏒᏍᏛᎾ ᎯᎠ ᏩᎵᏃᎯᏯᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏂᏝᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ utilized ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎦᏂᏝᎢ ᎨᎳᏍᏙᏗ.

[[File:Beavertracks.JPG|thumb|right|150px|ᏙᏯ ᎤᏔᏏᏅᏱ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏥ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ontario. ᎣᏂᏗᏢ ᎤᏩᏱ approx 20cm ᎦᏅᎯᏓ.]]ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᏓᎵᏍᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ 1911 ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ Brittannica.