Ukuvana amandla kwamaqela amabini (ukwaziwa ngokuba yitug o' war, tug war, imfazwe yentambo, ukutsalwa kwentambo, okanye imfazwe yokutsalana) ngumdlalo phakathi kwamaqela amabini nangaphezulu, ilelo iqela lisilwela impumelelo yalo kukhuphiswano lwamandla: Iqela ngalinye litsalela kwelayo icala ekupheleni kwentambo leyo itsalwayo, lize nelinye litsalele kwelinye icala lokuphela kwale ntambo, injongo yeqela ngalinye kukuvula umsantsa ngale ntambo ngokuyitsalela kulo ngamandla liyitsala kwelinye iqela ekukhutshiswana nalo nalo elo qela litsala ngamandla ukuze kucace elinamandla kuwo.

I-Gravity kukunyuka kwesantya. Yonke into ene-mass itsalelwa ezantsi emhlabeni ngenxa yoko kunyuka kwesantya. Koko kutsalwa kanye oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-weight.

Ngowe-1955 uNoni Jabavu wabuyela eMzantsi Afrika wahlala iinyanga ezintathu. Watyelela uyise, uNjingalwazi D.D.T. Jabavu waseFort Hare, nezizalwane eMpuma Koloni naseGoli.

Izibizo zilandelelana ngokwee-common nouns, nagee-proper nouns. Kukwakho nezimelabizo. Ezi ke izibizo bezisoloko zithathwa njengezibizo ezikwisigaba sentetho eyahlukileyo kuleyo yezibizo, kodwa kudala ezinye ezinye ii-gramma zaziquka ezi zibizo njengenxalenye yezibizo kanye njengee-modern linguists ezininzi..

Isibizo luhlobo oluthile lwegama (jonga kwisigaba sentetho) elidla ngokuba ligama lento enje ngomntu, indawo, into, ubunjani, kunye nombono. EsiNgesini, izibizo zisenokuba kwisinye okanye kwisininzi.

U-Tiyo Soga uzalelwe e-Eastern Cape ngo-1819, ezalwa nguNosuthu (unina) noJotello (uyise). Ingcaphephe yomphandi waseAfrika. Uyise UJetello wayenguceb'omkhulu wenkosi yamangqika olunye uhlanga lwamaXhosa. Uyise kaTiyo soga wayenesithembu sabafazi abasibhozo nabantwana ababengamashumi amathathu anesithoba.

Xa usebenza ngamanani amakhulu kangaka, esiNgesini zimbini iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubiza laa manani. Phantsi kwe-""long scale"" inani linikwa igama elitsha ngalo lonke ixesha lilikhulu ngesigidi kune nani lokugqibela esele linikwe igama. lo ke ubizwa ngokuba ngumgangatho waseBritani. Esi sikali sasidla ngokuxhaphaka eBritani, kodwa asisetyenziswa njalo kumazwe antetho yawo isisingesi kule mihla. Nangona kunjalo sisasetyenziswa kwezinye izizwe zaseYurophu. Esinye isikali sisi-""short scale"" apho ke igama elitsha linikwa qho xa inani lilikhulu ngokuphindaphindwe kaliwaka ngaphezulu kwenani lokugqibela esele linegama. Esi sikali sixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi antetho yawo isisiNgesi namhlanje.

Zilandelelana ngolu hlobo: I-Sino-Atrial Node → i-Atria (systole) → i-Atrio-Ventricular Node → i-Bundle of His → i-Bundle branches → i-Purkinje Fibers → i-Ventricles (systole)