Michael O. Rabin - nondeterministic machines T. V. Raman - accessibility, Emacspeak, etc. Brian Randell - dependability Yoav Raz - databases: commitment ordering (or commit ordering) for guaranteeing distributed and global serializability Raj Reddy - AI David P. Reed John C. Reynolds Joyce K. Reynolds - Internet Adam Riese Dennis Ritchie - C (programming language), UNIX Ron Rivest - RSA, MD5, RC4 Colette Rolland - REMORA methodology, meta modelling Azriel Rosenfeld Douglas T. Ross - Structured Analysis and Design Technique Guido van Rossum - Python (programming language) Winston W. Royce - Waterfall model Rudy Rucker - mathematician, Writer, Educator Steven Rudich - complexity theory, cryptography Jeff Rulifson James Rumbaugh - Unified Modeling Language, Object Management Group Raj Chandel - hacker

His favourite style seems to have been dialogues, some of them being vehement attacks on his contemporaries, as on [[Alcibiades in econd of his two works entitled Cyrus, on Gorgias in his Archelaus and on Plato in his Satho. His style was pure and elegant, and Theopompus even said that Plato stole from him many of his thoughts. Cicero, however, calls him ""a man more intelligent than learned"" (لاتين: homo acutus magis quam eruditus). He possessed considerable powers of wit and sarcasm, and was fond of playing upon words; saying, for instance, that he would rather fall among crows (korakes) than flatterers (kolakes), for the one devour the dead, but the other the living. Two declamations of his are preserved, named Ajax and Ulysses, which are purely rhetorical.

The Han dynasty was an age of economic prosperity and saw a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). To pay for its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC. These government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han period, and the lost revenue was recouped through heavily taxing private entrepreneurs. The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. From the reign of Emperor Wu onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including papermaking, the nautical steering rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer employing an inverted pendulum.