Elvire MAUROUARD is a French citizen who was born in Jérémie (Haiti). Docteur ès Lettres, she received a doctoral degree in French Caribbean Literature from L’Université de Paris VIII. Her dissertation deals with Le tragique haïtien entre roman et théâtre. She is a teacher, a journalist and the autor, Les beautés noires de Baudelaire (Karthala, 2005). In March 2004, she published Contes et poèmes des Îles savoureuses. This year she has also published a collection of poems called L’alchimie des rêves (L’Harmattan, 2005). She has been variously contributor to major reviews, such as Les Anneaux de la Mémoire (historical review), Agora (poetry review), and Notre Librairie (a literary review). The past few months, in Europe, the USA and Canada, she participated- as a writer and a published scholar- in several intellectual activities: she gave a talk at California State University, Long Beach, and delivered a lecture at le Sénat à l’Ecole d’Anthropologie de Paris, and at l’Académie des Sciences d’Outre-mer (France); she also gave a paper, and made a presentation as well as a poetry reading in the 2005 International Congress of “Conseil International d’Etudes Francophones’’ in Ottawa-Gatineau (Canada). As an award winning author, she has received La médaille d’or de l’Académie internationale de Lutèce, and the prize Présence des Arts au Concours de l’Ile des Poètes 2005. On October 15, 2005, she delivered another lecture dealing with Les voix nègres de Victor Hugo at le Sénat in Paris. She is an active member of several literary associations including L’Association des Ecrivains de Langue Française, and La Société des gens de Lettres (France). Elvire Maurouard’s research interests include the representations of Black women and the dynamics of identity in French and Francophone fictions, as well as reflections on Le génie d’Ingres and L’Haïtienne de Matisse. She has just finished writing her first novel, La Joconde Noire. And she has published her historical study Les Juifs de Saint-Domingue (Haiti) in June 2008.

People also eat some types of flowers. Flower vegetables include broccoli, cauliflower and artichoke. The most expensive spice, saffron, comes from the crocus flower. Other flower spices are cloves and capers. Hops flowers are used to flavor beer. Dandelion flowers are often made into wine.

In 2004, Columbia High School made national headlines when the administration amended a policy regarding religiously themed holiday songs putting more strict guidelines in place. Many people believed the new rules to be too strict. Radio personality Don Imus produced a song on his radio program entitled ""Oh, Little Town of Maplewood"", mocking the new rules of Columbia High School. The new guidelines were also mentioned on The O'Reilly Factor.

Farrington, D. P. (1989d) Self-reported and official offending from adolescence to adulthood. In Klein, M.W. (Ed.) Cross-National Research in Self-Reported Crime and Delinquency. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer (pp. 399-423).