Igraf elula ibonisa nje ubudlellwane phakathi kwamanani amabini okanye phakathi kwemilinganiselo yonke le nto isenziwa ngegrid. Ukuba ngaba le yigraf eluhlobo lwerectangular, le milinganiselo mibini iyakucwangciswa ibe yimigca emibini eyahlukeneyo kwiiright angles zayo yomibini le migca. Omnye ungca kule migca mibini uyakubheka phezulu (the vertical axis). Ukanti omnye umgca uyakuya ngasekunene (the horizontal axis). Le migca ke (okanye le-axes, xa zininzi kuthiwa zii-axis) zidibana apho iphela khona, emazantsi ekona ngasekhohlo kwalapha kule graf.

Uthe kukho nenye inkosi, ekhwela kwihashe elingwevu, egama linguNgwevu, elinye nguSathana, wonke umntu ongazixhelanga zonke iinkomo zakhe uyakuba ngumntu waloo nkosi inguSathana. Loo mntu akayi kububona ubungcwalisa beyethu inkosi uNaphakade kaSifuba-Sibanzi. Naso ke esona sizathu esabangela okokuba zixhelwe iinkomo ngo-1856 de kwangu-1857.

Ibali likwangesithethe sengqithi apho umntwana asikwa umnwe. Umzalisikazi uTeyase unako ukunika ubungqina ukuba ngubani imvelatanci ngokujonga ingqithi (linye iwele elinengqithi, leli lizalwe mva). UKhulile uphawula athi isizathu sokuba imvelatanci anikwe ubukhulu, yenziwe indlalifa kungokuba inamava angaphaya kunawabaninawa bayo, kodwa kwimeko yamawele akunjalo.

Iimetals ezininzi zizii-solids ezikubushushu bendlu, kodwa oko akumelanga kuba njalo. I-Mercury yona iyi-liquid. Ii-Alloys yimixube, apho ubuncane inxalenye yaloo mxube uyi-metal. Imizekelo yee-metals yile: i-aluminium, i-copper, i-iron, i-nkonkxa, igolide, i-lead, i-silivere, i-titanium, i-uranium, kunye ne-zinc. Ii-alloys ezaziwayo zibandakanya i-bronze kunye ne-steel.

Enye indlela yokucinga ngamanani a-negative, kukusebenzisa umgca-manani. kulo mgca-manani ke kukho indawo esiyibiza u-zero. Size ke emva koko sibhale ukubonisa (senze i-label) (sibhale igama) yonke i-point esemgceni sijonge okokuba ingaba ikude kangakanani na kwicala langasekunene ukusuka kwi-point akuyo u--0, umzekelo, i-point engu-inye (u-point one) uyi-centimeter enye ngokomgama ukuya ngasekunene, i-point engu-zimbini (u-point two) uzisentimitha ezimbini ukuya ngasekunene.

Intlawulo mali efuneka ngenxa yokungahlawuli ngexesha elkuvunyelenwe ngalo okanye ngenxa yezinye iintlobo zokutyeshela ukuhlawula, njengakwisohlwayo sokungahlawuli i-tax.

Ngomnyaka we-1891 nowe-1892, uWauchope wathi waququzelela ingxoxo ebhekisele kumaqhalo, kumculo kunye nembali edumileyo yamaXhosa, ezathi zayinxalenye ye-Imvo Zabanstundu. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini, ngomnyaka we-1912, Imvo Zabantsundu yathi yapapasha ingqokelela yemibongo yakhe phantsi kwesihloko esithi, Ingcamango ebunzimeni.Ngexesha lakhe, wathi wabonwa njengenye yeembongi ezibalaseleyo zesiXhosa kuzo kukho oo [Wellington Gqoba], [Edward Krune Mqhayi], MK Mtakati no [Ntsiko].