Luqhakamshelana kulwandle iAtlantic ngolwandle imediternean, ulwandle iAegean, nakwimizila yamanzi emininzi. I90% yonke yolwandle ayinaOksijin. Amanzi ngaman'anetyuwa kodwa ubutyuwa bawo bunganeno kunobo bolwandle. Kwiminyaka yokuphungulwa kobushushu emhlabeni -ice age, ulwandle olumnyama lwalusisidibi samanzi ahlaziyekileyo.

Emva kokuba ukubetha kwentliziyo kuhambe nge-AV Node, kuyakuhamba kudlule nge-conduction system ye-ventricle.Igama elithi conduction lithetha ubushushu okanye ukuhamba kombane kuloo nto uhamba ngayo. Oku kwenza okokuba ukubetha kwentliziyo kuye kwii-ventricles. Indawo yokuqala ye-conduction system yi-bundle ye-His. Igama elithi His ligama likagwirha u-(Wilhelm His, Jr) ekunguye owayifumanayo. I-Bundle ithetha uthotho lweengcingo eziqumbene ndawonye zaliqela elinye ngokumelana kwazo. Iyakuthi ke i-bundle (iqela lothotho lweengcingo ezihamba zilandela ngokumelana.) zihamba ngokutyhuthya-tyhutyha isihlunu se-ventricle, Yahlulwe yangamasebe ee-bundle amabini, isebe le-bundle yangasekhohlo kunye nesebe le-bundle yandasekunene. ziyakuhamba ngesebe le-bundle yangasekhohlo zisiya kwi-ventricle yangasekunene zize ke zihambe ngesebe lee-bundle yangasekunene lonzihambe ke ziye kufika kwi-ventricle yangasekunene, ukubetha kwentliziyo kuhamba kuye kungena kwizihlunu ze-ventricular nge-Purkinje Fibers. Yiyo ke lento yenza okokuba i-ventricle ifingane kuthso kwenzeke i-ventricular systole.

Ngonyaka we-1930 kwaye kwathathwa iqela lesibini labathunywa lakhwelisa kuloliwe labuyiselwa emva, eMpuma Koloni. Uqhankqalazo lwabamnyama kunye nabaphathi abamhlophe lwalungahoywanga, wachitha ubomi bakhe pha, ngonyaka we-1935 wasweleka elilolo.

Izinto ezininzi ezenziwe nee-metals zenziwe ngemixube ekukho kuyo imetal nokuba inye kwanezinye iimetals, okanye ngee-non-metals. Le mixube ibizwa ngokuba zii-alloys. Ii-alloys ezixhaphakileyo zezi:

Ulwandle iArctica lugquma indawo emalunga14,056,000 eekm2. Unxweme luziikhilomitha ezi45,390 ubude Irhangqwe yiEurasia, umNtla Melika, iGreenland, kunye neziqithi eziliqela.

Emveni kwenkcitho gazi yama-Afrika akwaSirayeli eBulhoek[[4]] ng0we-1921, iingqondo zabantu abaMhlophe ngazo zonke iindibano zabantu abamnyama zazikrokra. Amagosa banika ingxelo ethi abasebenzi basezifama zaseBhofolo [[5]] (kufuphi naseFort Hare [[6]]) ""babebaseleke ngumyalezo wakhe kwaye bengafuni ukubuyela emsebenzini"" (UEdgar. R, noSaphire. H, 1999). UNontetha wayekrokrelwa ukuba ukhuthaza umanyano phakathi kwabafundileyo nabangafundanga okanye 'ababomvu' baseMpuma Koloni [[7]]. Iingxabano phakathi kwalamaqela mabini ngelixeshazazingafikeleleki kwaye zineziphumo ezingazinzisiyo kummantla wonke. Abasemagunyeni bazamkela ezingxabano neengquzulwano kwaye isenokwenzeka ukuba zaziqalwe ngabo. UNontetha wayebonwa nje ngomphazamisi kulawulo lwezentlalo ngoko ke kunyanzelekile ukuba enciphiswe. Baye baqhubeka ngokumtyhola ngokukhuthaza ama-Afrika ukuba bayeke iinkonzo zabaMhlophe. Wayebonwa eguqukile ngoku kwaye wabanjwa ngo1922(UEdgar. R noSaphire. H, 1999).