ᎯᎠ ᏚᏙᎥ ᎤᎫᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏰᎵᏊ ᏱᎩ derived ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎠᎧᏁᏍᏗ, ᎾᎿ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏚᏙᏪᎸᎢ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᎪᎵ; ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎪᏪᎶᏗ ᎡᎳᏗᏢ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᎸᏥ blaireau ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ. ᎠᎦᏴᎳᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ""ᎤᎫᎾ"" ᎨᏒᎢ brock (ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎩᎵᏏ brocc), Celtic loanword (Gaelic broc, ᎦᏁᎳ broch, ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Proto-Celtic *brokko). ᎯᎠ Proto-ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ *þahsu- (ᎠᏓᏥ Dachs), ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎨᎵᏍᏙᎩ ᎤᎾᏍᏕᏢ *tek'- ""ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ"", ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎫᎾ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᏓᎪᎥᎩ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ Ꮝ digging ᎫᏓᎸᏙ(ᎧᏂᎬᎾᎥ).

ᏀᎾᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ Cephalotes atratus. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎪᎯ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ arboreal ᏙᏒᏓᎵ. ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎪᎯ ᏅᏏᎾᏒ ᏰᎵᏆ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎦᏩᏒᎬ ᏀᎢᏳᎢ ᎦᎶᏍᎬ.

ᏧᎵᏍᏓᎾᎵ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎤᎦᎾᏍᏛ, ᏩᏂᎦᎳ ᎤᏇᏓᎵ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎠᏣᏗ ᏂᎦᏅᎯᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᎸᏥ, ᎠᏓᏥ, ᎠᎴ Spanish ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏚᏂᏴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏣᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎣᏏ ᎠᏰᎸᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏗᎦᏣᏄᎶ ᎤᎾᏣ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ. Ictalurids ᎠᎴ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ (ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎬᏙᏗ Mississippi ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᎢᏍᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎤᏪᏅᏒ ᏧᎵᏍᏓᎾᎵ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ), ᎠᎴ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ Ictalurus ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎤᎧᏁᎳ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏩᏁᎸ ᎾᎾᎯ European ᎠᎹᏱ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏚᎩ ᎬᏗ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎾᎬᏁᎲ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ resource, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎯᎠ European ᎤᏂᎲ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ catfishes ᎤᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ achieved ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ fishes ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ ᎠᎹᏱ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎤᏁᏉᏨᎯ ᎯᎠ ecological ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ European gantlai, ᎾᎯᏳᎢ Clariids ᎠᎴ Pangasiids ᎠᎴ ᏧᏓᏗᎩᏓ cultured ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Africa ᎠᎴ Asia. ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎡᏆ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏛᏏᏒ ᎤᏬᏚ ᎠᏣᏗ ᏗᏓᏁᏟᏴᎡᏗ, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎢᏯᏍᎪᎯᏧᏈ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏧᎵᏍᏓᎾᎵ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ Corydoras, ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎤᏂᎸᏉᏗ ᏑᏓᎴᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ aquaria.

ᏫᎵ ᏥᏍᏚ ᎠᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᏍᎪᎵᏴ ᎾᎿ ᎫᏩᏲ (PRYOR), ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ. ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅᎲᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᏟ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏛ. ᎤᏕᏅ1946 ᎾᎿ Casper, WY. ᎤᏲᎱᏒ ᎤᎾᏙᏓᏉᏅᎯ ᎧᏬᏂ 9, 2012. ᎤᏲᏏᏙᎸ ᎾᎿ Vietnam ᎤᏃᎸᏔᏂ 1967. ᎣᏍᏓ ᎠᏥᏰᎸᎢ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅᎲᏍᎩ ᎨᏒ ᎠᎴᏍᏊ Traci Rabbit ᎤᏪᏥ ᎠᎨᏯ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏅᏗᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗᏍᎩ ᏗᎦᏓᏗ ᎠᏰᏟ ᎢᏴ ᎡᎳᏗ ᏂᏚᏅᏁᎳ ᏒᎾᏙᏓᏆᏍᏗ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ.

ᎪᎯ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ-ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᎩ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏣᏩᏂᏏ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎢᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎹᏰᏟ ᏥᏳ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙᎯ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᎭ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᎲᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ. ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏓᏯ ᏚᏙᎪᏛ ᎤᏎᏒᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹᏰᏟ ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᏂᎬᎢ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎠᎵᏏᏅᏙᏗ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎳᎵ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᎠᏓᏅᏒ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏗᏎᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎡᏆ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏒ ᎠᎾᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏓᏓᏁᎭ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎾᎵᎪᎯ ᎠᎳᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏛᏥ, ᏲᎶ, ᎠᎴ ᏣᏩᏂ, contributing ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᏎᎪᎩᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎨᏛᏍᏛᎢ ᏄᎾᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ 1945. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᏛᏥ declaring ᏓᏄᏩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹᏰᏟ ᏑᎾᏙᏓᏆᏍᏗ ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ.

ᏄᏓᎴ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ Ꮎ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ sexual ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮎ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ ᎤᎴᎾᎯᏛ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏰᎸ ᎤᏍᏗᏰᎬ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏅ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ ᎤᏭᏯᏔᏅ-ᎠᎨᏳᎯ ᎠᏥᎾᏝᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎿᏗᏢ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ. ""ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎿᎢ ᎡᎥ, ectoparasite ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎠᏂᏛᎦ, ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎤᎪᏗᏳ ᏓᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᏚᏂᎬᏩᎶᏛ - ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎯ ᎦᎸᏉᏙᏗ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎠᏰᎸ ᏄᏛᎿᏕᎬ"", ""ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᏗᎧᏃᏗᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮎ hairlessness ᎨᏒᎢ adaptation ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ectoparasite ᎠᎧᎵᎢ."" ᎠᏗᎭ ᎤᏙᏪᎸ Pagel, evolutionary biologist, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ Walter Bodmer ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᏓᎪᎵᏰᏍᎬ, UK. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ ᎤᏙᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᎯᎠ ᏅᏏᎾᏒ ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏄᎾᏰᎯᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏃᏢᏍᎬ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ 'ᎤᏭᏯᏔᏅ' ᎬᏙᏗ ᏧᎾᏄᏬ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᏴᏫ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ, ᎪᎯ adaptation ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ ᏰᎵᏊ. ""ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏌᏊ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏕᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ gene/ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ-ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ"" ᎠᏗᎭ Pagel. ""ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᎲᎩ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᏓᏲᎱᏎᏗ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎤᏍᏗᏰᎬ."" ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯ scenario sexual ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᎲᎩ ᎦᏣᏄᎳᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᎱᏎᎸ ᎤᏭᏯᏔᏅ.