ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏓᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎠᏙᎩᏯᏛ ᎠᎴ culture. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ decades ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ, ᎤᏴᏢ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎤᏂᏴᏜ ""waved ᎯᎠ ᎦᎢᎭ ᎭᏫᏂ ᎠᏄᏬ,"" ᎠᏲᎯᎲ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ wartime casualties ᏥᏄᏍᏗ electoral tactic. ᏗᏅᏓᏗᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎠᎴ Reconstruction ᎠᏰᎲᎩ ᎯᎠ segregated ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎢᏧᎳ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Democratic ᏍᏆᎳ ᎠᏍᏆᎵᏛ—ᎯᎠ ""ᎠᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ""—ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎠᏙᎩᏯᏛ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏄᏓᎴ ᏍᏉᎯᏧᏈ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏗ. ᎯᎠ Civil ᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᏓᏅᏏᏙᎠ ᎯᎠ 1960s ᎠᏰᎲ Ꮝ roots ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ Reconstruction. ᎠᏂᏍᎩᎾ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ ᏙᎢ ᎾᏢᏲᎵᎲᎾ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ. ᎦᏲᎵ debates ᏓᎦᏚᏫᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ legacy ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎬᎵᏱᎵᏒ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏂᏰᎸᏍᎬ memorials ᎠᎴ celebrations Confederate heroes ᎠᎴ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ flags. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᏛᎲᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᎴ troubling ᏌᏊ: Americans ᎬᏙᏗ Confederate ancestors cherish ᎯᎠ ᎠᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ bravery ᎠᎴ determination, ᎩᎳ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏗᎧᏁᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᎠᎬᎿᎨᎢ slavery.

ᎯᎠ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ industrialized ᎠᎵᏏᏅᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏴᏢ aided ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᏗᏂᏃᎨᏂ, munitions ᎠᎴ ᏓᏓᏁᎭ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏗᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏙᏗ. ᎯᎠ graph ᏓᎾᏛᏁᎵᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᏢᏥᏙᎯ ᎠᏜᏅᎠᏓᏗᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ USA ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ CSA ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ. ᎯᎠ advantages widened ᎤᎵᏍᏓᎯᎨ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᏏᏅᏙᏗ ᎤᏛᏒ, ᎠᎴ Confederate ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ shrank ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᎠᎵᏏᏅᏙᏗ weakened.

ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ extremities ᏭᏍᎪᎵᏴ ᎤᏐᏅᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎡᏆ ᏚᏳᎩᏛ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏕᎩ ᏂᎦᏅᎯᏒ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎠᏁᎳᏗᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᏓᎶᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᏩᎦᎠᎩᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏗᎬᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎠᏰᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏓᏂᎦᏘᎴᎬ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏂᎦᏘᎴᎬ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ, ᎯᎠ ᏓᎶᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏜᏩᏛ ᏩᏥ ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ ᏓᎶᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏓᏕᏒᏓ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎨᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ accessories ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏦᏍᏗᏓᏄᏫ, ᎯᎠ ᎦᎴᏴᏗᏍᎬᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ. ᎠᏓᏚᏗ ᎠᏆᏂᏲᏍᏗ ᏚᎾᏓᏡᎬᎢ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᎯ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᏛᏒᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏄᏪᎾᎲᎢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏓᎪᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ coloring ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎦᏚᎢ– ᎯᎠ-ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏒᏗ “gold;” ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏥᏄᏉᏫᏍᎬ-ᎿᏛᎦ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᏐᎢ, platinum (ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ-ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ-ᎣᏍᏓᎯᎨ ᎬᎿᎨ ᎠᏆᏂᏲᏍᏗ) ᎤᎭ ᎾᏊ ᎠᎹ ᎠᏑᏴᏗ ᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ.

ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᏬᏂᏍᎩ polysynthetic ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ. ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏐᏱ ᏏᏓᏁᎳ Iroquoian ᏧᏂᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ, ᎠᏎᏃ, ᏍᏈᏍᏓ ᏗᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᏥᎨᏒ, ᏐᏉ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᏱᎩ. ᎠᏂᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ ᏧᏃᎯᏳ, ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏮᏏ ᏥᎨᏒᎢ. 1820Ꮫ, ᏍᏏᏉᏯ, ᎠᎴ George Gist, ᎯᎠ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏗᎪᏪᎵ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᎨᎢ. ᏃᏉ ᎯᎠ Unicode ᎢᎩᎭ (ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ). ᎯᎠᏃ ᎦᏓᎧ, ᎡᎵᏉ, ᏣᎳᎩ ᎢᎪᏪᎶᏗ ᎤᏅᏥᏓ ᎤᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ. ᎯᎠᏍᏊ ᏄᏓᎴᎢ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎤᏰᎵᏛ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᎮᎢ: 2007 ᏥᎨᏒ, ᎥᎭᏴᎵ ᏗᏰᎴᎩ (Myrtle Driver Johnson) ᎠᎬᏱ ᎢᏳᏩᎧᏔ 1800Ꮝ ᏥᎨᏒ, Charles Frazier ᏗᎪᏪᎵ ᎤᏤᎵ, ᏦᎦᏚ ᏅᏙ: ᏥᎨᎬᏬᎥᏗᏍᎨᎢ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏁᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᎨᎢ.

ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᏗᏂᏰᎸ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᏐᎢ ᎠᏂᏍᎧᏱ, ᎤᎭ exoskeleton, ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏗᏂᏰᎸ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᎫᏝᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏚᎦᏘᎸᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎭᏫᏂ skeletal ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ vertebrate. ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᎭ ᏧᏪᎳ. ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᏓᏂᎶᏍᎬᎢ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᎥᏣᏬᎳᏛ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ exoskeleton - ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎦᏔ ᏅᏓᏳᏓᎴᏅ ᏬᏗᎨ dioxide ᏧᎦᎶᎦ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏰᎸ. ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ; ᎤᏓᏂᎳᎯᎨ ᎩᎬ, ᎯᎠ hemolymph, ᏓᏍᏆᎶᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏍᎪᎵ ᎣᏂᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏐᎯ ᎠᏏᏇ ᎨᎳᏛᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ. ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᏴᏫ ᎠᏗᏆᎳᏕᏲ ᎤᏂᏆᏖᎾ ᎠᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏫᎬᎵᏱᎵᏒ ᎤᏂᏆᏖᎾ ᎠᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ ventral ᎣᏓᎾᏛ ᎤᏂᏆᏖᎾ ᎠᏍᏗ, ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏍᎪᎵ ᎣᏂᏗᏢ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏚᏩᏂᎦᎸ ᎾᏀᎢ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ.

ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᎥᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ 188 ᎠᎹᏰᏟ ᏥᏳ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙᎯ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ 155 ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎭᏢᏃ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ parked wingtip wingtip ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏂᏙᎬ ᎤᏢᏲᎸᎯ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ. ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏚᏂᎳᏦᏛ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᏗᎦᏟᏌᏅᎯ ᎠᏜ. ᎤᎾᎵᎢᏴ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎠᏲᎸᎯ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ. ᎯᏍᎩᏍᎪᎯ-ᎯᏍᎩ ᏣᏩᏂᏏ airmen ᎠᎴ ᏐᏁᎳ submariners ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᏖᎸᏗ. ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏤᎵ 441 ᏰᎵ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ (350 ᎤᎩᏒᎩ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ), 29 ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᎴᎾᎯᏛ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎾᏟᎲ (ᏐᏁᎳ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᏓᏍᏟᏁᎦ ᎠᎴ 20 ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᏓᏍᏟᏁᎦ) ᎠᎴ ᏄᏓᎴ 74 ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ flak ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᏅᏙᏗ ᏗᏍᏓᏲᎸ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ. ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 20 ᎯᎠ ᏥᏳ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙᎯ Ꮎ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎠᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ salvaged.