Eyona mithi yokuqala imithi yefen, umsila wamahashe kunye nelycophytes, ekhula emahlathini ngexesha le-Carboniferous; iifeni ezintathu zisekho, kodwa imithi yemisila yehashe kunye nowelycophytes yiyo kuphela esekhona nayo akasuki kuluhlu lwemithi yefeni. Emva koko, kwixesha leTriassic, iconifers, iginkgos, icycads kunye nezinye iigymnosperm ezibonakala zinwenwa, kunjalo nje zilandela izityalo eziziintyatyambo kwixesha leCretaceous. uninzi lwemithi namhlanje luzizityalo ezineetyatyambo (iiAngiosperms) kunye neconifers.

Ifiziki, lisebe lezenzululwazi, sisifundo samandla okutyhala into kunye nefuthe elenziwa ngala mandla endalweni. Ifiziki yanamhla idibanisa ulwazi lweengcaphephe kwezenzululwazi ngemithetho yesymmetry nogcino mandla (amandla, amendu, ukubasa, kunye ne-parity). Igama elithi fiziki lisuka kwigama lesigrike elithi ἡ φύσις ""indalo"".

eyona ngxaki inkulu ekufumaneni eyona nkcazo iyiyi malunga nokokuba iyintoni na substance yeyokokuba, ukuba ngaba, umzekelo, asithatheli ngqalelo ihlabathi (eliyi-cosmos) kuphela, izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo, kananjalo yonke into gabalala, kuyakuvela umbuzo othi, ""yintoni eyona yona iluphawu lokwenene nesekelwe kuyo le nto kuthiwa y'into', nekuyinto eyakuba nazo zonke izinto ezikwi-(matter), ingqondo, iindlela zokuva, i-space, umphefumlo, njalo njalo).

Izidlwengu zineendlela ezahlukileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba ziyamlawula umntwana wakho ukuze zikwazi ukumxhaphaza ngokwesondo. Imizekelo yolu qeqesho nokuhenda okwenziwa zizidlwengu ukuxhaphaza abantwana bethu ngokwesondo: Ububele – benze ngathi banenkathalo ngexhoba nangosapho lwalo. Uncedo – bacele ukuncedwa ngento lixhoba. Isinyobo – ngezinto ezingqinelana nobudala bomntwana ezifana neelekese, izinto zokudlala, ukutya, utywala, imali. Igunya lokuphata – ukusebenzisa igunya labo lobuqeqeshi, inkokheli yooVulindlela umzekelo, ukuthibaza amandla okuzikhusela exhoba. Ingxakeko engekhoyo – bavakalisa ukuba kukho ukuxakeka ekhaya. Ulonwabo nemidlalo – ebandakanya ukuphatha-phatha. Ukuzigwagwisa / ukubalasela / imisebenzi – ukwenza imiboniso yeempahla, ukhuphiswano loonobuhle, uvavanyo labucala, apho abantwana baxelelwa ukuba okwenzekileyo bakugcine kuyimfihlo. Ukunakana igama – ukusebenzisa amagama amaxhoba abanakaliswe kwizinto zabantu njengezingxobo zokuphatha zesikolo, njalo-njalo ngeenjongo zokwenza ukuba ixhoba lizive likhululekile. Izoyikiso / ukoyika – ukoyikisa ixhoba ukuba lingaxeli. Amaqhawe – banxiba ngokufanayo notata wekresimesi, iyolisa ukuze batsalele abantwana kubo. Umlingo namatiletile – bazanelisa ngokuxhaphaza abantwana kubumsulwa babo. Uburheletya – basebenzisa izinto zoburheletya ukuthibaza amandla okunqanda izenzo zokubi baze benze abantwana ukuba bazive behlelelekile kwaye bengalufanelanga uthando lwabo Bantu babakhathalele ngenene nangenyaniso.