Umgada ugqithiselwa ebantwini usuka kwezinye izilwanyana. Umgada ungagqithiseleka xa isilwanyana esinawo sikrwempa okanye siluma esinye isilwanyana okanye umntu. Amathe asuka kwisilwanyana esosulelekileyo angawugqithisela umgada ukuba amathe adibana nonwebu lwesinye isilwanyana okanye umntu. Inkoliso yomgada osebantwini ubangelwa kukulunywa yinja. Zingaphaya kwama-99% iimeko zomgada emazweni apho izinja ezinomgada apho izinja ezinomgada ingunobangela wokulunywa yinja. EMelika, ukulunywa ngamalulwane kungowona mthombo mkhulu wokosulelwa koluntu ngumgada, kwaye ungaphantsi kwesi-5% iimeko apho uvela khona ezinjeni. Izikrekrethi azifane zosulelwe ngumgada. Intsholongwane yomgada ihamba iye engqondweni ngokulandela iperipheral nerves. Isifo singaxilongwa kuphela emva kokuqalisa kweempawu.

Isakhiwo esikhulu seZizwe eziManyeneyo sikwisixeko saseNewYork kwiZizwe zaseMelika eziManyeneyo, kodwa zona iZizwe eziManyeneyo nazo zinee-ofisi zazo ezibalulekileyo eGeneva (e-Switzerland), e-Nairobi (e-Kenya) nase-Vienna (e-Austria). Izizwe ezimanyeneyo zizama ukubanoxolo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha xa ukuthetha kungasasebenzi, amazwe amanyeneyo, akafani namazwe namazwe obuhlobo, ayalwa nawo. ngeminyaka yoo-1950 amazwe amanyeneyo aanceda kwmfazwe eyayiphakathi kwamaKorea aseMzantsi namaKorea asemantla, kwaza ngeminyaka yoo-1990 amazwe amanyeneyo ancedisa ukunyanzela amajoni ase-Iraqi ukuba aphume e-Kuwait. Ngamanye amaxesha, iZizwe eziManyeneyo yakhe imikhozi 'yokugcina uxolo'. Abagcini xolo beZizwe eziManyeneyo bakhenketha kwiindawo ngeendawo ezineenkathazo ehlabathini bezama - ngamanye amaxesha bakwenze ngempumelelo oko, ngamanye a bangasebenzeli kugcina xolo. Namhlanje kukho abagcini-xolo bamazwe amanyeneyo abasebenza eAfghanistan, eCyprus, eHaiti, ei-Liberia nakwamanye amazwe aliqela. Ngenxa yothotho lweenjongo, olwezisombululo, kunye nemimiselo ethe yaphakanyiswa zizizwe ezingamalungu amazwe amanyeneyo, ihlabathi linengqokolela yemigqaliselo, amanyathelo, kunye nempumelelo ukuze kuphele kuncitshiswe namathuba okunwenwa kwentsholongwane ye-H.I.V. kuze kubheke phezulu ukufikelela kwehlabathi kwizinga lokukhusela, ukunyanga, ukunonophela, kunye neenkonzo zenkxaso.

Iqakamba ngumdlalo odlalwa ngamaqela amabini apho kugityiselwayo kubuye kubethwe. Iqela ngalinye linabadlali abalishumi elinanye odlalwa kwibala elimbhoxo. Elinye iqela liya betha, lizama ukufaka amanqaku kangangoko linako, ngoxa elinye lijula kwaye ligadile, lizama ukukhupha iqela elibethayo. Inqaku lifakwa xa imbethi ibethe ibhola ngophini ze ibaleke iyokufika kwelinye icala lebalana ze achike umgca ngaphandle kokukhutshwa. Lamaqela anikana ithuba lokugada nokubetha kube kukuphela kwamangeno.

Kwizilwanyana, imiphunga ziyindawo apho kutshintshatshintshana khona ii-gesi. Ngaphandle kokuthsintshatshintshana kwee-gesi, ioksijini esuka emiphungeni ayinakugqitha iye kungena egazini ngako oko ii-cells zomzimba fazinakuyifumana i-oksijini efuneka xa kusenzeka i-respiration (kuphefumlwa).