ᏔᎵ ᎠᎦᎷᎦ Ꮎ ᎭᎦᏔ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ drastically ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ, ᏔᎵ ᎠᎦᎷᎦ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎭᎦᏔ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ. ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ Ꮎ ᎠᎦᎷᎦ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏂᏕᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏧᎾᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ appearance ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ. ᏴᏫ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎢᏳᏗᎾ ᎥᏝ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ Ꮝ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ approaches. ᎠᏰᎵ 1997 ᎠᎴ 2005 ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, 38 ᏴᏫ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ F1 ᎠᎦᎷᎦ, ᎠᎴ 3 ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ F0 ᎠᎦᎷᎦ. ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎯᎠ weakest ᎤᏃᎴ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ.

ᎠᎴᏅᏘᏍᎬ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᎭ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏗᏓᎴᎲᏍᎬ ᎤᎦᎾᏩ, ᎦᏚᎵᏓ inflow ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏛᏍᎦ ᎢᏳᏩᎪᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᎠ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏩᎾᏒ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ. ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ Ꮝ ᎤᏩᎾᏒ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎣᏂ ᏂᎬᏉ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏲᎵ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏑᏟᎶᏛ, ᎤᏃᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏂᏕᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏅᏂᏙᎲ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏌᏊ ᏑᏟᎶᏛ ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ. ᎾᎯᏳ ᏯᏛᎿ, ᎯᎠ RFD, ᎾᏊ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎤᏁᏌᏴᏟ ᎦᏚᎢ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ, ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎦᏇᏅᏗ ᏴᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᏛᏰᎶᎲ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎯᎠ inflow ᎤᎦᎾᏩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᎳᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ.

ᎯᎠ ᎠᏨᏍᏙᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎳᎪᎲᏍᏗ, ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ-ᎤᏰᎸᎭ mountaintops ᎫᏝᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏰᎵ ᎤᏝᏅᏛ ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ (ᎤᏁᏍᏓᎳ ᎤᎬᎭᏛ) ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ separated ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎢᏤ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎤᎨᏓᎵᏴᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ ᎠᎴ ᏚᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᎦᎶᎬ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏬᏚ ᎠᎴ broadleaf, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᎦᎶᎦ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᏚᎦᏔᏬᎸ ᎦᏚᎵᏓ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎨᏛ ᎤᎾᏥᎾ ᎦᎷᏨ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎳ.

ᎪᏢᎯᏌᏅ-ᎤᏛᏒ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎦᏃᏥ (ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ""ᎦᏚᎢ-ᎤᏛᏒ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎦᏃᏥ""). ᎪᏢᎯᏌᏅ ᎦᏃᏥ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏌᏊ ᎠᏍᏆᎨᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᏆᎨᏂ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏆᎨᏂ ᎭᏢᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗᏰᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎬᏩᏍᏛ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᏋ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏗᏍᎦᎶᏗ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎡᎳᏗᏢ ᎦᏙᎩ ᎢᎦ ᎣᏏ ᏄᏩᎾᏒᎾ ᏭᏚᎸᏛ ᏗᎬᏙᏗ, ᎤᎭ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎬᏩᏍᏛ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎤᎦᏔ sanded ᎤᏣᏘᎾ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎢᎬᎾᏔᏅᎯ. ᎦᏚᎢ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎦᏃᏥ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎠᏎ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏧᏓᏗᎩᏓ ᎦᎶᏁᏛ ᎫᏢᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏳ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏯᎸᏗ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ.

ᎠᏆᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎡᏥ ᏓᏫᏍᎬ ᏎᎷ ᎤᏂᏥ ᎤᏂᎦᏔ. ᏥᏍᏕᎵᏍᎬ ᏓᏫᏍᎬ ᎤᏂᎦᏔ. (Ꮭ ᎢᎾᎢᎦᏘ ᏱᎩ ᎡᏥ, ᏍᏗᎩᏓ ᎤᏇᏓᏟ, ᏝᏍᎩᏂ ᎦᎵᏦᎯᏓ ᏱᎩ! ᏍᏆᎳ ᎤᎵᏥᏍᏆᏁᏓ ᎬᎿᎨᎢ ᎤᏍᏘᎩ. ᏗᎩᏳᏍᎨᏂ ᎢᏗᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᏙᎧᏯᏓ, ᎡᎳᏗᎮᎯᏃ ᎤᏌᏃ ᏗᎧᏂᎨᏂ ᎡᎳᏗᏜ ᎢᎦᏅᎯᏓ. ᎠᎨᏳᏣ ᏗᎩᏳᏍᎨᏂ ᎢᏗᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᏙᎧᏯᏓ, ᎡᎳᏗᎮᎯᏃ ᎤᏌᏃᎲ ᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᎯ ᏏᏅ ᎡᏥ ᎨᏒᎢ. ᎡᏥ ᎦᏅᏬ ᎾᎥ ᎢᎦᏘ, 7 ᎠᎴ 8 ᏳᏕᏘᏴᏓ. ᎬᎿᎨᎢ ᎤᏍᏘᎩ ᎦᏥᏃᏍᏓ ᎦᏅᏬ ᎢᎦᏅᎯᏓ, ᎠᎬᏱᏗᏜ ᎠᎦᎵᏓ. ᎡᏥ ᏭᏏᎷᎦ, ᎠᎨᏳᏣ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎵᎭ. ᎤᏂᎦᏔ ᏕᎦᏝ ᏕᎦᏟᏗ.) ᎡᎵ ᏗᎦᏕᏍᏗᏴ ᎢᏗᏁᏓ ᎤᎾᏛᏎ. ᏙᎩᎾᏕᏎᎢ, ᏙᏱᏂᎧᏲᏔᏅᏃ ᏒᎾᏙᏓᏆᏍᏗ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ. ᎧᏁᏌᎢ ᏙᎩᏂᏢᏔᏅ ᎤᏂᎦᏔ. (ᏎᎷ ᎤᏂᏥ ᎤᎾᏛᏒ Ꮲ 3-3 ½ ᎢᏯᎳᏏᏗ ᎢᎦᏘ ᎾᎾᎵᏍᏗᏍᎪᎢ. ᎠᎨᏳᏣ ᎤᏥᏃ ᏓᏂᏙᎦ ᏂᏓᏄᏖᏍᎬ ᏎᎷ ᎤᏂᏥ, ᏔᎷᏦ ᏓᏂᏢᏍᎦ.)

ᎢᎦᏛ ᏍᎪᏯ ᎠᏁᏍᎩᎸᎥᏍᎩ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏙᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ associating ᎤᏅᏌ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ. ᎯᎠ Lycaenid butterflies ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎨᏒ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ. ᎾᏞᎬ ᎥᏩᏘᏍᎬ ᎤᎭ ᎤᎾᏓᏎᎮᎸᎩ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏌ ᏗᏓᏛᎪᏔᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎵᏍᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᏩᏚᏃᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ chemical ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ.

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1881, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏈᎵᎢ ᎪᏪᎵ ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ Ny Illustrerad Tidning ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅᎯ Viktor Rydberg ᎤᏤᎵ ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏛ Tomten featuring ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᏂᎶᏁᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ Nyström ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᎠᏈᎵᎢ mythical ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ tomte, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎨᏴ ᎤᎦᏔᎲᏒ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᎵᎢᏴ ᎤᏁᎬ-ᎠᎭᏄᎸᎯ ᎠᏎᏍᏙ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏓᏂᏍᏓᏲᎯᎲ.

ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ, ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᎷᎦ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᏑᏟᎶᏛ (1.6 km) ᎠᏯᏖᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ. ᎠᎦᎷᎦ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᎸᏉᏔᏅ Hallam, ᏎᎷᏱ ᎾᎿ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 22, 2004 ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ 2.5 ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ (4 km) ᎠᏯᏖᎾ.

ᏐᎢ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ radial ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏕᎦᏅᏅ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎤᏛᏏᏗᏒ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎦᏅᎯᏓ iyuwakodi ᎬᏙᏗ concentric ᏕᎬᏔᏛ ᎦᏚᎲ ᎠᏐᏴᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ- ᏝᏱᎪᎯᎩ supplemented ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᎵᏰᏑᏍᏔᏬ-ᏕᎦᏅᏅ Ꮎ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᏓᏓᏅᏓᏁᎸ yvwatuwidv ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏛᎢ ᎦᏚᎲ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ Dutch ᏕᎦᏚᎲ ᎠᎴ structured Ꮎ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ: ᎠᏰᎵ ᏅᎩ ᏧᏅᏏᏯ dagatuwistanv ᎾᎥᎢ concentric ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ. ᏂᎦᎥᎢ ᎦᏚᎲᎢ ᎤᏚᏃᎯᏍᏔᏍᎧ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎪᏣᎸᏙᏗ ᎢᏤ ᎦᏐᏆᎸ (ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ + ᎦᏚᎲ ᏓᏐᏴ). ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏕᎦᏚᎲ ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ Amsterdam ᎠᎴ Haarlem ᎪᎯ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏙᎢ ᏰᎵ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ.