ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1966 E. O. Wilson, ᎠᏃᏪᎵᏍᎬ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏫᏒ. ᎣᏤᎢ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎤᎾᎵᏃᎯᏴᎯ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ (Sphecomyrma freyi) ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏁᎬ ᏗᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ. ᎯᎠ ᎪᏣᎴᏛ ᏗᎪᎥᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏌᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎻᏇ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏤ ᏨᏏ Ꮎ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏁᎳᏍᎪᎯ ᎢᏳᏆᏗᏅᏓ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ. ᎪᎯ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏓᏓᏁᎳᏁ ᎪᎯᏳᏙ ᏕᎬᏔᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎵᎪᏔᏅᎯ-ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎧᎾᏥᏍᏕᏥ. ᎤᏁᎬ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎠᏓᏲᏔᎡᏗ ᎠᏂᏔᎵ ᎧᎾᏥᏍᏕᏥ-ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ-ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᎨᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ.

ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᎠᏓᏙᏓ - ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏁᏨᎩ-tamil ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ Ayya (ᎠᏓᏙᏓ) + vazhi (ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ). ᎪᎯ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ derived ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Tamil ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ commonly ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ 'ayya' ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ 'ᎬᎸᏉᏗ ᎠᏓᏙᏓ'.

ᎢᎦᏛ ᏗᏍᏆᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎳᏫᏛᏓ ᏗᏓᏘᏁᎯ ᎦᏂᎳᏛᎢ Nagumo ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏦᎢᏁ ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎢ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗ ᏧᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ, ᎪᏢᏅᏙᏗ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎧᏲᏗ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏓᎬᎾ ᏥᏳ ᏗᏔᎳᏗᏍᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹᏰᏟ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏛᏙᏗ ᎪᎢ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ ᏒᏙᏂ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏓᏄᏩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᎤᏂᎩᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎩᎦᎨ ᎦᏚᏏ ᎪᏛᏙᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ ᏒᏙᏂ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏣᏩᏂᏏ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏰᎵ ᎡᏆᏯ ᎤᏁᏉᏨᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹᏰᏟ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏦᎠᏎᏗ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏞᎬᏊ usable ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎭᏩᏱ ᎾᎿ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᎠᎹᏳᎸᏗ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎪᏪᎵᏍᎩ ᎤᎭ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎪᎢ ᎠᏟᏍᏙᏗ ᏒᏙᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹᏰᏟ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏥᏳ ᏧᏔᏅ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᏢᏲᎵᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᎱᏎᎸ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ battleships. Nagumo ᏚᏭᎪᏔᏅ forgo ᏦᎢᏁ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ ᎤᏎᏒᎲᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ:

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎾᏱᎵᏒ, 1942, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏥᏰᎶᎲ K-1, ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎢᏴ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ, ᏔᎵ ᏣᏩᏂᏏ H8K ᎦᏃᎯᎸᏒ-ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏥᏳ, ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎾᎢ Wotje ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ Marshall ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎹᏰᎵ, ᎨᏒᎩ tasked ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎠᏃᏢᎯᏏᏍᎬ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᎵᎢᎵᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏛ ""ᏍᎪᎯ-ᏍᎪᎯ"" ᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗ ᎦᏁᎸ. ᎯᎠ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎧᏁᏨ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ refueling en-ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏍᏆᏛᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏒᏙᏂ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᎦᎸᏥ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ ᎤᏍᏔᎳᎾᎵ, 500 ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ (800 km) ᎤᏴᏢ-ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᏓᎬᎾ ᏥᏳ ᏗᏔᎳᏗᏍᏗ. ᎤᏲᎢᏳᏛᎾᎮᏕᎩ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ hampered ᎯᎠ ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎵᏍᏓᏲᎯᎯ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏬᎭᏒᎩ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏗᏲᏍᏗ.

ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ Ꮎ ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 25 ᎨᏒᎢ ᏥᏌ' ᎤᏕᏘᏱᏍᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᏍᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ Sextus Julius Africanus ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Chronographiai (ᏂᏓᏙᎳᎬᎾ 221), ᎢᎬᏱ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏧᎾᏁᎸᏗ. ᎪᎯ ᎢᏗᎦᏘᎭ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏕᎫᎪᏗᏍᎬ ᏓᎾᎵᏍᏓᏴᎲᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 245, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ Origen denounced ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎠᎾᎵᎮᎵᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏕᏘᏱᏍᎬ ᏥᏌ ""ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ pharaoh."" ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎾᏍᎦᏅᏅᎠ, ᎤᎾᏕᏘᏱᏍᎬ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᏕᏘᏱᏍᎬ, Origen ᎤᏔᏲᎸᎩ.

ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ, ᎢᏳᏊ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎤᏁᎬ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ, ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᎢ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏛᏂ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎪᎯᏳᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ Isoptera ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᎢ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏛᏂ cockroaches. ᏓᏫᏍᎦᎨ ᎠᏄᏬ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎡᏆ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎪᏯᏛ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎠᎨᏴ ᎧᎾᏥᏍᏕᏥ.

ᎾᎯᏳ ᏯᏛᎿ, Sherman marched ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ Chattanooga Atlanta, defeating Confederate Generals Joseph E. Johnston ᎠᎴ John B. Hood. ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᏒᎩ Atlanta, ᎾᎿ ᏚᎵᏍᏗ 2, 1864, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ significant ᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ re-ᏗᏙᎩᏯᏛ Lincoln ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ. ᎠᏓᏅᏍᎦ Atlanta, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᎴᏅᏗᏍᎬ ᏓᏓᏁᎭ, Sherman ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ marched ᎬᏙᏗ unknown ᏭᎦᏛᎢ, ᎠᏂᏝᎲᏍᎬ ᎠᏤᏫᏍᎬ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 20% ᎯᎠ ᏕᎦᎶᎨᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᎾᏕᏗᏴᎲ ""ᎠᎾᏱᎵᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ"". ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏭᎷᏨᎩ ᎯᎠ Atlantic ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎾᎾᎢ Savannah ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎥᏍᎩᏱ 1864. Sherman ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏓ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᎠᏎᏊᎢ ᏗᎨᏥᎾᏝᎢ; ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎩ Ꮭ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ battles ᎨᎳᏛᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᏱᎵᏒ. ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ Sherman ᎤᎦᏔᎲᏒ ᎤᏴᏢ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᏐᎦᎴᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏯᎴᏂ ᎤᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏩᏥᏂ lines ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Lee ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏂᏍᎦᏯ.