Zacarias Moussaoui ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏅᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗᏱ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Ziad Jarrah, ᎦᎪ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ threatened ᎤᏎᏒᎲᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ plotters. ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ Moussaoui ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏤᎸᏗᏱ ᎥᏝ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅᎯ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ Al-Qaeda hierarchy ᎠᏤᎸᏗᏱ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏧᏢᏫᏓ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ arrested ᎾᎿ ᎦᎶᏂ 16, 2001, ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᏅᎩ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎾᏙᏓᏆᏍᏗ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎥᎢᏒᎢ ᏓᏂᎦᏘᎴᎬ, ᎠᎴ FBI ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ ᎠᏥᎳᏫᏎᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎬᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ ᏁᎵᏒᎢ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎠᎩᏍᎬᎢ ᎤᎳᏫᏛᏓ ᎠᎨᏲᎲᏍᎬ ᎢᎬᏱᎨᏍᏙᏗ Ꮎ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎫᏬᏂ 2005, Moussaoui pled ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏁᎸ conspiring hijack ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏔᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ Al-Qaeda, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ denies ᎦᏅᎯᏓ ᎯᎠ 9-11 ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ. Moussaoui, ᎾᎾᎢ ᎤᏤᎵ sentencing ᎠᏛᎩᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎾᏱᎵᏒ 2006, ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎤᏛᏅᎩ Ꮎ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ directive ᎣᏌᎹ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎠᎴ Richard Reid ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ hijack ᎯᏍᎩᏁ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ ᎠᎴ ᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎦᎵᏦᏕ.[4] ᎤᏤᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᏗᏘᏲᎯᎯ dismissed ᎪᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗᎢ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᏛ Moussaoui, ᎧᏁᎬᎢ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Al-Qaeda, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ""ᎦᎸᏆᏗᏰᏍᎩ-ᎾᎿ.""[5] ᎾᎿ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 3, 2006, ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏂᏑᎵ ᎠᏓᏯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏓᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ sentenced Moussaoui 6 ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏗᏓᏍᏚᏗ ᏄᏠᏯᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᏥᏙᎵᏍᏗ. [6] ᎾᎾᎢ Moussaoui ᎤᏤᎵ sentencing ᎠᏥᎵᏱᏙᎲ, FBI ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ Greg Jones testified Ꮎ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅᏒ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎦᏂᎳᏛᎢ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏄᏂᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᏚᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎲ, Michael Maltbie, ""ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏔᏅ Zacarias Moussaoui ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏃᎯᎸᏒ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏗᏓᏁᏟᏴᎡᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ."" Maltbie ᎠᏰᎲ ᎤᏓᏱᎸ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎯ ᎾᎿ 70 ᎾᏓᏪᏎᎲ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏄᏓᎴ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ, ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ Samit, ᎣᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏁᎯ ᎠᏓᏂᏴᏙᏗ ᎠᏯᏍᏗ Moussaoui ᎤᏤᎵ ᎡᎵᏍ.[7]

ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᏓᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᏙᏒᏓᎵᎠᎴ ᎠᏱᎴᎦ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ, ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏧᎦᎾᏮ ᎠᎹᏰᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎬᎿᎦᏍᏛ ᎨᏥᎸᏉᏗᏳ. ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎭ ᏂᎪᎯᎸ ᎤᏁᏍᎩᎸᏒ, ᎠᏂᏯᏫᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏱᎴᎦ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᏂᎪᎯᎸ ᎤᏁᏍᎩᎸᏒ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗᎭ ᎠᏰᎵ nomadic ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ ᎭᏢᏃ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎨᏰᎯ ᎤᏁᏍᎩᎸᏒ (ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ) ᎠᏥᏄᎪᏫᏍᎬ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎣᏤᎵ ᏗᏂᏰᎸ. ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᏨᏓᏓᏨᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᎳᏫᏛᏓ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᎸ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ, ᎭᏢᏃ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾᏊ ᎠᏍᎪᏍᏗ ᎢᏤ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᏤ ᎤᎬᏫᏳ ᎠᏂᏁᎳ. ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᎢᏳᎾᏓᎵ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎦᏩᏒᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ.

ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ pheromones ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏐᎢ ᏂᏚᏰᎸᏛᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ. ᎦᏔᏪᏚᎾ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᏫᎵ ᎠᏓᏄᎪᏫᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏍᎦᏍᏓᏁᏗ pheromone ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᎦ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎾᏀᎢ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏍᏗ ᎣᏏ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ; ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎡᎳᏗᎨ ᎤᏓᏂᏝᏅ, ᏄᏓᎴ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏂ. ᎠᏦᎠᏎᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏗᏂᏓᏄᏫ, ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏙᏒᏓᎵ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏒ pheromones.

ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎧᎹᎹ ᎤᏚᎳᏗ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏙᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎣᎦᎾᎯᏎᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏗᏔᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏂᏥᎸᏍᎩ. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏯᏛᎿ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ attracted ᎯᎠ ᏙᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎹ (ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎨᏴ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᏥᏍᏚ). ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏴᏫ ᎠᎵᎠᎷ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏐ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᎹ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎾᎿ ᏴᏫ.

ᎯᎠ Dred Scott ᏭᏔᏅᎢ ᏧᎾᏓᏱᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ 1857 ᎦᏟᏌᏅᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏓᎴᏅᎢᏍᏗ. ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ Roger Taney ᎤᏤᎵ ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ Ꮎ ᏗᎨᏥᎾᏝᎢ ""ᎤᎭ Ꮭ ᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏩᎦᏛ ᎪᎯᏳᎯ"", ᎠᎴ Ꮎ ᏗᎨᏥᎾᏝᎢ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᎠᏎᏊᎢ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎴ territories. Lincoln warned Ꮎ ""ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ Dred Scott ᏧᏚᎪᏔᏅ"" ᏰᎵᏇ threaten ᎤᏴᏢ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎬᏙᏗ slavery.

ᏑᎵ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏄᎶᏒᏍᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎾᎿ ᎥᎢᏒᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ. ᎯᎠ Victorian ᎪᏪᎵᏍᎩ ᎾᎿ Dartmoor, William ᏗᎦᎾᏗᏫᏍᏗ, ᎪᏪᎶᏗ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ 15 ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏚᏙᏢᏒᎢ.