Ilex in Latin means the holm-oak or evergreen oak (Quercus ilex). Despite the Linnaean classification of Ilex as holly, as late as the 19th century in Britain, the term Ilex was still being applied to the oak as well as the holly – possibly due to the superficial similarity of the leaves. The name ""holly"" in common speech refers to Ilex aquifolium, specifically stems with berries used in Christmas decoration. By extension, ""holly"" is also applied to the whole genus. The origin of the word ""holly"" is considered a reduced form of Old English hole(ġ)n, Middle English Holin, later Hollen. The French word for holly, houx, derives from the Old Low Franconian *hulis (Middle Dutch huls). Both are related to Old High German hulis, huls, as are Low German/Low Franconian terms like Hülse or hulst. These Germanic words appear to be related to words for holly in Celtic languages, such as Welsh celyn, Breton kelen(n) and Irish cuileann.

Lowe, C.E.. Early Ecclesiastical Sites in the Northern Isles and Isle of Man: An Archaeological Field Survey (Traaghtys DPhil neuhoilshit) (Baarle), University of Durham.

GENDERNET, International forum of gender experts working in support of gender equality. Development Co-operation Directorate of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Nominated, Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Actress |- | Pachaikili Muthucharam | Smitha (Geetha / Kalyani) | Tamil |- | Manikanda | Mahalakshmi (Maha) | Tamil |- | Rakkilippattu | Josephine | Malayalam |- | 2009 | Seetha Kalyanam | Nimisha | Malayalam |Nominated, Filmfare award for best actress: Malayalam |- | 2015 | 36 Vayadhinile | Vasanthi Thamizhselvan | Tamil | Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Tamil

Many students and teachers were enlisted during World War I, which had a significant effect on life at Columbia. Pupils in assembly regularly delivered patriotic ""four-minute speeches."" Every room in the school had a full complement of war posters.

Each successive rank gave its holder greater pensions and legal privileges. The highest rank, of full marquess, came with a state pension and a territorial fiefdom. Holders of the rank immediately below, that of ordinary marquess, received a pension, but had no territorial rule. Officials who served in government belonged to the wider commoner social class and were ranked just below nobles in social prestige. The highest government officials could be enfeoffed as marquesses. By the Eastern Han period, local elites of unattached scholars, teachers, students, and government officials began to identify themselves as members of a larger, nationwide gentry class with shared values and a commitment to mainstream scholarship. When the government became noticeably corrupt in mid-to-late Eastern Han, many gentrymen even considered the cultivation of morally grounded personal relationships more important than serving in public office.