Secretary of State Mike Pompeo speaks during the release of the 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices at the Department of State in Washington, Wednesday, March 13, 2019. (AP Photo/Jose Luis Magana) 
美国国务院发言人办公室华盛顿特区2019年3月13日国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥
发布《2018年度各国人权报告》的讲话
新闻发布厅（Press Briefing Room）
各位早上好。自美国建国之日起，个人权利的概念就贯穿于国家结构中。正如我的朋友和学者玛丽·安·格伦顿（Mary Ann Glendon）所阐述，它给予我们社会中的弱者“一个放大他们声音的手段”，并且让我们“将投影灯对准”世界许多地方每天发生的骇人听闻的践踏人生命、自由和尊严的行为。
遵循我们一贯强大的权利传统，今天我以国务卿身份郑重宣布发表2019年《世界各国人权报告》。自1977年以来，国务院每年通过这份报告警示世界，任何地方发生的践踏人权行为都将被我们公之于众。我们让那些毁誉人道尊严的人知道，他们将为此付出代价，他们的恶行将被详尽记录在案，公布于世。
通过报告侵权行为和对违规者施加压力，我们能够带来变化。我们无疑已经看到这点。多年来，这份报告推动一些政府改弦易辙，停止残暴做法及其他侵权行为。我们希望报告将继续发挥这一作用，在人们无法发出声音和人们所深深渴望的宽容与尊重长期无法得到满足的那些地方，促使压制性政权尊重人权。
今年的报告评估了大约200个国家和属地的人权状况。它是正在履行捍卫人类同胞尊严的神圣职责的美国驻世界各地使团和国务院此地数百名官员的大规模合作的结果。我为他们每一个人感到骄傲。
我希望我可以说今年这份报告所评估的每一个国家的记录都完美无瑕或者哪怕有改进，但情况不是如此。
例如伊朗。去年，这个政权不经正当程序，杀害了20多位、逮捕了数以千计仅仅示威要求自己权利的人。伊朗政权禁止新闻机构报道示威活动。这是该政权四十年来残酷对待伊朗人民的一贯做法的继续。
与此同时，在南苏丹，军队基于政治从属关系和族裔背景对平民施以性暴力。
在尼加拉瓜，为社会保障福利而举行和平抗议的公民遭到狙击射杀。对政府持批评意见的人面临被流放、监禁或杀害。
还有中国。中国对人权的侵犯另成一类。仅在2018年，中国关押穆斯林少数群体的运动达到空前规模。今天，有100多万维吾尔族人，哈萨克族人以及其他穆斯林被拘留在再教育营，旨在消除他们的宗教和民族特征。政府也在加剧迫害基督徒、藏族人和任何信奉或主张与政府不同观点的人——或主张政府改变的人。
即使我们的一些朋友、盟国和世界各地的伙伴也有侵犯人权行为。我们以同样的力度予以报告。我们的目的一向是认清人权挑战所在，运用美国的影响和力量促使各国向更好、更一致的人权方式发展。
正如我在一开始提到的，我们对捍卫人权的承诺来源于美国建国之本。这是我们的传统。我们以不言而喻的真理为建国基础，即我们每一个人都天生具有不可剥夺的权利。这些是世界任何地方的政府都不得践踏的权利。我们的宪法将这些权利定为法律，随着时间的推移，它们不再是以美国人的权利而著称，而是成为有着更根本意义的普世人权。
的确，在国际上，它们被纳入《世界人权宣言》（Universal Declaration of Human Rights）的30条简要条款。数十个国家本着这些文献的精神起草了国家宪法并立国。今天，国务院继续为在全球倡导人权发挥领导作用，将我们建国先贤的理想发扬光大，并表达美国人希望所有人享有自由的宿愿。
通过今天发布这份报告，我们动用了美国外交实力中最强大的武器之一：发布真相——有关全球践踏人权情况的真相。谢谢各位。下面将由科扎克大使（Ambassador Kozak）回答提问。

Remarks Michael R. PompeoSecretary of State Press Briefing Room Washington, DC March 13, 2019
SECRETARY POMPEO: Good morning, everyone. Since America’s founding, the concept of individual rights has been woven into the national fabric. As my friend and scholar Mary Ann Glendon has written, it has given weak members of our society, quote, “an instrument to amplify their voices” and also allows us to, quote, “train a spotlight” on the appalling violations of human life, liberty, and dignity that occur every day in many parts of the world.
Consistent with our strong rights tradition, today it is my honor as Secretary of State to announce the release of the 2019 Human Rights Report. Now, every year since 1977, the State Department has through this report put the world on notice that we’ll expose violation of human rights wherever they occur. We have told those who disgrace the concept of human dignity they will pay a price, that their abuses will be meticulously documented and then publicized.
By articulating abuses and pressuring noncompliant regimes, we can effect change. We’ve certainly seen that. Over the years, this report has pushed governments to change course and cease engaging in brutality and other abuses. We hope that it will continue to do so and cause oppressive regimes to honor human rights in places where those voices are often silenced and where deep yearnings for tolerance and respect have for too long gone unfulfilled.
This year’s report evaluates the practices of roughly 200 countries and territories. It represents a giant collaboration between hundreds of officers at U.S. missions around the world and here at the Department who are doing the Lord’s work in defending the dignity of their fellow man. I’m proud of each and every one of them.
I wish I could say that the record of every country evaluated in this year’s report is spotless or even improved, but it’s simply not the case.
Take Iran. Last year, the regime killed over 20 people and arrested thousands without due process just for protesting for their rights. The government banned media outlets from covering the demonstrations. This continues the pattern of cruelty that the regime has inflicted upon the Iranian people for the last four decades.
Meanwhile, in South Sudan, military forces waged sexual violence against civilians based on their political allegiances and their ethnicity.
In Nicaragua, when citizens peacefully protested social security benefits, they were met with sniper fire. Critics of the government have faced a policy of exile, jail, or death.
Then there’s China, which is in a league of its own when it comes to human rights violations. In just 2018, China intensified its campaign of detaining Muslim minority groups at record levels. Today, more than 1 million Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, and other Muslims are interned in reeducation camps designed to erase their religious and ethnic identities. The government also is increasing its persecution against Christians, Tibetans, and anyone who espouses different views from those or advocates those of government — or advocates change in government.
Even some of our friends, allies, and partners around the world have human rights violations. We document those reports with equal force. Our aim is always to identify human rights challenges and use American influence and power to move every nation towards better, more consistent human rights practices.
As I suggested at the beginning, our committed defense of human rights stems from America’s founding principles. It’s our tradition. America is founded on those self-evident truths that each of us is endowed with the rights that cannot be forfeited. They are the ones upon which no government anywhere in the world should be allowed to tread. Our Constitution codified those rights into law, and with time, they became not known as American rights, but more fundamentally across the world as human rights.
Internationally, indeed, they were incorporated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 30 short articles. Scores of countries have looked to these documents for their inspiration as they drafted their own constitution and founded their own nations. Today, the State Department continues to play a leading role in championing human rights across the globe, honoring the vision of our founders and expressing our time-honored American aspiration for all people to be free.
By issuing today’s report, we deploy the truth – the truth about abuses occurring around the globe – as one of the most powerful weapons in America’s diplomatic arsenal. Thank you, and I’ll now turn it over for questions to Ambassador Kozak.