在2021 年B20工商峰会初始会议主题发言阶段的讲话
总统气候问题特使约翰·克里（John Kerry）
美国国务院
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2021年 1月 21日
[讲话预备稿]
朱塞佩—感谢你发表的友好引言—感谢诸位邀请我与你们谈谈今后全球气候危机的挑战。 
现在是华盛顿（Washington）早上7:30，是我正式担任拜登总统政府（Biden Administration）总统气候问题特使的第一天。能够早一些开始很不错，因为我们的确一分一秒都不能浪费。在我们全面规划今后的道路之际，没有任何部门比民营部门更重要，更具有能动性。
为了能够取得进展，我们从昨天开始回到这条道路上，因为拜登总统决定重新加入巴黎气候问题协议（Paris Climate Accord），同时委派了一支由政府各部具有专长和眼光的气候问题领导人组成的团队。他签名时的一笔一划恢复了对国内环境事务的主导地位。
展望前景，我相信美国及世界各国和公司都必须保持谦诚的精神，树立远大的目标，共同走上这条道路。 
需要保持谦诚的精神，因为我们知道美国联邦政府曾经离开谈判桌，浪费了4年的功夫，直到昨天为止。在这个期间我们完全可以为迎接挑战贡献一份力量。
需要保持谦诚的精神，还因为按我们所有的工业能力计算，美国在全球排放中仅占15%。全世界必须为解决这个问题恢复谈判。
需要保持谦诚的精神，还因为今天没有任何国家和大洲已完成这项工作。
在11月举行的巴黎气候问题会议上，所有的国家都必须树立远大的目标共同努力，否则我们都会失败，共同失败。
决不允许失败。
正因为如此，树立远大的目标极其重要。
成功意味着最大程度地发挥我们的集体智慧、创造力和外交，从脑力到替代能源，利用我们现有的一切工具，实现我们必须达到的目标。成功意味着提升长期落后社区的能力，开创公平复苏的局面。
今后的道路令人振奋。这意味着创造数百万中产阶级的工作岗位。这意味着降低我们大气和海洋的污染。这意味着使世界各地公民的生活更健康。这还意味着我们将增强地球上每一个国家的安全。
诸位的公司和行业都能够，而且必须发挥先锋作用。
零排放未来将带来巨大的商机，清洁、绿色的就业机会和经济增长，用总统的话来说，从全球经济危机中“重建得更好”。
几个例子可以说明情况：
● 今天世界上最有价值的汽车公司是特斯拉（Tesla）。而它只生产电动车。● 三菱（Mitsubish）公司正在建造世界上最大的零排放炼钢厂——在奥地利。● 海德堡水泥（Heidelberg Cement）公司正在挪威建厂，预计到2030年做到将其水泥排放二氧化碳全部捕集。● 在全球，能够以最低廉价格设置的新型电厂是基于再生能源——这说明为什么这种电厂现在占新发电能力的70%。● 绿色经济将带来新的就业机会。欧盟预计绿色经济将增加200万个就业岗位。● 在美国，在冠状病毒（COVID）发生之前，我们清洁能源领域的就业率五年稳步增长——全国各地的新就业人数超过330万人（来源：Clean Jobs America 2020 | E2）。● 在同一时期，印度的清洁能源就业数量呈五倍增长（来源：5-Fold Increase in Clean Energy Jobs in 5 Years: India (nrdc.org)）。
但是我们需要大家共同行动，因为今天很少有国家正在实现即使满足当前的目标所需要的急剧大幅减排，更不用说我们为避免灾难性破坏所需要达到的目标
我们知道我们需要：
● 以比迄今快五倍的速度逐步淘汰用煤（基于对2013年至2018年的趋势比较）● 以快五倍的速度增加植被● 以快六倍的速度增加再生能源● 以22倍的更快速度向电动车转型
尽早在2050年实现全球碳净零排放将要求全球经济发生总体转变。转变的成功将在很大程度上取决于私人行业的带头作用——公司，投资者和发明人。
好消息是，这是一个几生不遇的经济机会。我们正在面向一个前所未有的创造财富的机会。
● 自2015年巴黎气候问题协议签署以来，太阳能和风能发电在全球电力中的比例翻番，上升到10%。● 在世界大多数国家，再生能源现在比火力发电能源廉价。● 全球对新型清洁发电能力的投资到本世纪中叶可望超过10万亿美元，是用于非清洁发电方式投资的六倍以上。2● 从氢动力到电力汽车的其他清洁能源行业也有可能在未来几十年内成为数万亿美元的市场。
谈谈挑战。清洁能源越来越廉价，但是，向净零过渡会变得更加复杂得多，需要有更好的领导作用——在所有地方。
只靠继续更多地使用清洁能源是不够的。全世界主要经济体将必须制定并实施量身打造的路线图，以革新他们自己的能源系统。
他们将必须就跨越边境的排放密集型部门展开协作——航空、航运、重工业、电力等许多部门——以开辟一条在各个部门深入去碳化的途径。他们甚至将必须投入于捕获并储存来自大气和污染性植物的排放。
各国政府应在激励向净零排放转型中发挥重要作用。但他们必须同民营部门密切合作，因为这些民营部门在经济的各个方面都能发挥专长，具备投资于新的基础设施的重大实力，并能用创新力和驱动力推动新创举进入市场。
从这个十年直到2030年，全世界每年将需要为清洁能源系统投资超过1万亿美元来加速能源转型。
我乐观地认为我们能够做到。
可持续投资基金有史以来首次超过了1万亿美元，而且随着流入资金在2020年增加了4倍，环境、社会和公司治理投资的热潮才刚刚开始。
用于抗击环境变化的创新技术的风险资本投资也在2020年飙升到历史最高水平。
开发及推广新的、得到改善的清洁技术对于在全世界加速能源转型至关重要。虽然少数清洁能源技术，例如太阳能和风能，现在的成本已与矿物燃料持平，但大多数清洁能源技术还做不到。
国际能源机构（International Energy Agency）警告说，46种关键性清洁能源技术中有42种尚未步入正轨。快速向净零排放转型所需的碳排放减排量的大约一半将需要依赖甚至尚未进入商业市场的能源技术。
试图不靠创新来抗击气候变化将是昂贵的、复杂的、不受欢迎的。而好消息是，我们不一定要面对那种选择。
我们可以像解决其他很多问题一样来解决这一挑战——共同努力、力行创新。
这就是各国务必扶持先进的清洁技术产业的原因。从能源储存、先进的移动性、新一代可再生能源技术及其他清洁能源技术、清洁产业工序、零碳燃料、智能系统直到碳捕获以及更多的技术，我们正处于一个创造新技术和新市场的难得的机会的边缘。将扶持这些未来产业作为战略重点的国家不仅能够帮助在他们的境内和境外减少排放，而且将获取为全球经济转型提供动力的经济回报。 
净零转型的经济因素不一定是零和性的。各个国家相互协作的方式能在接纳健康竞争的同时，认识到我们加速创新和净零排放转型的共同努力将增加经济总量的规模，而我们都能靠它来繁荣发展。通过公共和私营部门之间以及跨越国界的紧密协作，我们能够打开走向绿色资本市场的可持续融资的新来源；并开发大幅削减排放的最尖端的产品和服务。 
现在，怀着谦诚的精神和远大的目标，让我们着手开展工作，使之在通向格拉斯哥（Glasgow）之路以及通向净零排放之路上成为现实——这是一条战胜气候变化并给我们的子孙后代留下一个繁荣、健康、安全的世界的道路。
我期待着你们的提问——以及你们的伙伴合作。

Remarks at the Keynote Session of B20 2021 Inception Meeting
JOHN KERRY, SPECIAL PRESIDENTIAL ENVOY FOR CLIMATE
OPEN PUBLIC SESSION OF B20 2021 INCEPTION MEETING
JANUARY 21, 2021
As prepared
Giuseppe – thank you for that generous introduction – and thanks to all of you for inviting me to share some thoughts with you about the challenge ahead on the global climate crisis.
Here in Washington, it’s 7:30 in the morning on my first full day as Presidential Climate Envoy in President Biden Administration. The early hour is appropriate, because we really don’t have a minute to waste, and there really are no more important and no more empowered audiences than the private sector as we all map the road ahead.
We began down that road back to progress yesterday when President Biden rejoined the Paris Climate Accord, commissioned a team of climate leaders throughout his government with expertise and vision, and with a few strokes of his pen began to restore domestic environmental leadership.
But going forward, I believe it is important for the United States, and for countries and companies all over the world, to travel down that road with humility, and ambition.
Humility because we know that the federal government of the United States, until yesterday, walked away from the table for four wasted years when we could’ve been helping to meet the challenge.
Humility also in knowing that for all our industrial capacity, the United States is responsible for only 15% of global emissions. The whole world must come to this table to solve this problem.
And humility in knowing that today no country and no continent is getting the job done.
At the COP in November, all nations must raise ambition together – or we will all fail, together.
Failure is not an option.
And that’s why ambition is so important.
Success means tapping into the best of our collective ingenuity, creativity, and diplomacy, from brain power to alternative energy power, using every tool we have to get where we need to go. Success means lifting up communities long left behind and creating an equitable recovery.
The road ahead is exciting. It means creating millions of middle-class jobs. It means less pollution in our air and in our ocean. It means making life healthier for citizens across the world. And it means we will strengthen the security of every nation on earth.
And your companies and industries can and must be in the lead.
A zero-emissions future offers huge opportunity for business, for clean, green jobs and economic growth and, to use the President’s words, to “build back better” from the global economic crisis.
A few examples tell the story:
We know we need to:
The good news, it’s the economic opportunity of many lifetimes.
We’re looking at an unprecedented wealth creation opportunity.
It won’t be enough to merely keep deploying more clean energy. Major economies around the world will need to design and execute tailored roadmaps to overhaul their own energy systems.
They will need to collaborate on emissions-intensive sectors that cross borders—aviation, shipping, heavy industry, power, and more—to chart a path to deep decarbonization in each. They’ll even have to invest in capturing and storing emissions from the atmosphere and from polluting plants.
Governments have an important role to play in galvanizing net-zero transitions. But they must partner intimately with the private sector, which brings expertise in every corner of the economy, substantial capacity to invest in new infrastructure, and the ingenuity and drive to bring new innovations to market.
In this decade through 2030, the world will need more than $1 trillion in annual investment in clean power systems to speed the energy transition.
I’m an optimist that we can get there.
Sustainable investment funds surpassed $1 trillion for the first time on record, and the boom in ESG investing is only beginning, as fund inflows quadrupled in 2020.
Venture capital investments in innovative technologies to combat climate change also surged to a record high in 2020.
Developing and scaling new and improved clean technologies will be critical to speeding energy transitions around the world. Even though a handful of clean energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, are now cost-competitive with fossil fuels, most aren’t.
The International Energy Agency warns that 42 of 46 critical clean energy technologies aren’t on track. And roughly half of the carbon emissions reductions needed for a swift net-zero transition will need to come from energy technologies that have not even reached commercial markets yet.
Trying to combat climate change without innovation would be expensive, complicated, and unpopular. The good news is, we don’t have to face that choice.
We can solve this challenge as we have so many others – together, through innovation.
That’s why it’s critical for countries to cultivate advanced, clean technology industries. Across energy storage, advanced mobility, next-generation renewable and other clean power technologies, clean industrial processes, zero-carbon fuels, smart systems, carbon capture, and more, we stand at the precipice of a rare opportunity to create new technologies and new markets. The countries that make it a strategic priority to foster these industries of the future will not only help reduce emissions both within and outside their borders—they will also reap the economic rewards of powering the global economic transformation.
The economics of a net-zero transition don’t need to be zero-sum. Countries can collaborate with one another in ways that accommodate healthy competition while also recognizing that our shared efforts to accelerate innovation and a net-zero transition will increase the size of the total economic pie from which we will all prosper. Through close collaboration between the public and private sectors and across national borders, we can unlock new sources of sustainable finance to green capital markets; and develop cutting-edge products and services to slash emissions.
Now, with humility and ambition, let’s get to work to make it a reality on the road to Glasgow and on the road to net zero – the road to defeating climate change and leaving our kids a world that is prosperous, healthy, and secure.
I look forward to your questions – and to your partnership.