简报：拜登总统召开气候问题领导人峰会（摘译）
白宫
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2021年4月23日
拜登总统（President Biden）在会议的第一天就履行了他关于重新加入《巴黎协议》（Paris Agreement）的承诺。几天后，他采取行政措施，确保我们在国内外采取行动应对气候危机——同时创造工作机会，巩固我们的经济。本星期，他与40位世界领导人一起举行具有历史意义的峰会，表明美国已经回归。
这次会议为期两天，共举行8次专题会议。拜登总统在此期间邀集国家和政府首脑以及国际组织、工商界、次国家级政府和原住民群体的领导人和代表，动员全世界共同应对气候危机，展示了未来的经济机会，并强调全球必须进行前所未有的合作，高瞻远瞩迎接时代的考验。
在峰会的第一天，拜登总统提出了更高的标准。他宣布，美国将按2005年的水平，在2030年前实现排放降低50-52%的目标。他强调美国承诺引领清洁能源革命，创造报酬良好的、受工会保护的工作——同时指出现在采取果断行动的国家必将获得未来的经济收益。
在美国，拜登–哈里斯政府（Biden-Harris Administration）已经采取全政府动员的方式发展经济机会，创造报酬良好的工作并促进环境正义。从国家到地方各级及所有的部门，联邦政府不仅努力帮助受气候影响最严重的群体，而且创造更具有抗御能力、更公正和更繁荣的未来。
在拜登–哈里斯政府承诺应对气候危机之际，全球各国也必须加紧努力。鉴于超过85%的排放来自美国边界以外的地区，国内的行动必须与国际领导作用相互配合。所有的国家——特别是主要经济体——必须进一步努力制止全球排放上升，使全球平均温度上升不超过1.5摄氏度。拜登总统举行气候问题领导人峰会有助于保证国际社会齐心协力应对气候危机并支持最弱势的群体。随着美国新制定的2030年目标及峰会前和峰会期间宣布的一系列行动，现在占全世界总量一半以上的经济都承诺为我们将暖化程度限制在1.5摄氏度内采取行动必须达到的速度。这个联盟正在日益壮大。
拜登总统召开了以美国为首的“主要经济体能源和气候问题论坛”（Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate）会议。美国在乔治·布什政府（George W. Bush Administration）执政期间第一次举行论坛成员参加的会议。论坛17个成员的经济体合计占全球温室气体排放和国内生产总值的约80%。在这次峰会期间，论坛的其他成员与美国共同承诺采取必要步骤，为这个具有决定意义的十年规划成功之路。特别容易受气候影响的国家及为实现零排放经济采取创新途径的各国领导人也与论坛成员的首脑和领导人共同努力。参加这次峰会的工商领导人、发明家、地方官员和原住民及青年代表相互交流看法并准备为应对气候危机贡献力量。
对我们自身而言，美国正在调动联邦政府整体的力量，通过一系列具有胆略的新承诺发挥领导作用，创造工作机会，号召世界其他地区加紧努力，发展筹资，促进具有改革意义的发明创造，保护自然，建设抗御能力，加强适应性和促进社区经济增长。美国的承诺包括：
加强气候雄心，促成在2050年前实现净零排放所需要的转型。拜登总统正在激励世界主要经济体为在这一关键期内减少排放而努力。从减少短期存在的气候污染物，为最易受影响的群体提供支持，到对基于自然的解决方案进行投资，这些转型性改造对实现将全球平均气温上升幅度维持在1.5摄氏度以内具有关键作用。同样重要的是，它们会在今天创造新的有良好收入的工作，进而推动明天的经济。
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调动融资，促进净零过渡和应对气候变化。金融对加快向清洁能源经济转型和打造具有气候抗御力的未来发挥关键作用。当前的资金流动无法满足解决这种大规模的气候危机。通过拜登总统的国际气候金融计划，美国政府将战略性地运用多边和双边渠道，协助发展中国家落实重大的减排措施，保护关键性的生态系统，建立抗御气候变化影响的能力，促使资金流向与气候相关的投资，并且远离高碳投资。
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改造能源系统。太阳能、风能和电储存技术的潜力过去几年来大幅度提高。但我们需要进一步和更快速地发展。
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重振运输行业。运输业的改造是给实现大幅减排，新工作和城市健康带来最重要机会的领域之一。
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建设面向未来的劳动大军，确保美国的竞争能力。气候行动带来一个既刺激创造新工作，又让所有社区和工人能够通过清洁能源经济而受益的机会。
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提倡创新，推广清洁能源技术。发明创造将刺激减排所需技术的发展与转型以及大规模的应对气候变化的努力，并在同时带来巨大的新经济机会，造就未来行业。
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向易受影响国家提供紧急支持，建立应对和抗御气候危机影响的能力。气候危机已经给国内和世界各地许多社区带来挑战。每年有数百万美国人因农田遭水淹，野火毁灭家园，雨雪风暴切断供电而受到气候变化的影响。全国各地的有色人口社区和低收入社区尤其容易受到气候变化造成的影响。在国外，许多易受影响的国家已经面临灾难性的气候变化影响。他们现在必须建立抗御气候危机的能力。
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实施以自然为基础的解决方案。大自然是实现净零排放和提高社区抗御力的重要组成部分。地球上的海洋和森林是重要的碳汇和生命及生计来源。
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支持各级行动。全面应对气候危机需要全社会的响应。拜登总统致力于与国家级以下的行为者、商企、公民社会、原住民社区以及年轻人共同努力，促进集体性的强有力行动，从而带来持久性的成果。
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今天作出的宣布是拜登–哈里斯政府采取的进一步步骤，旨在推进对气候变化作出前所未有的全政府的反响，同时创造有良好薪酬的有工会的工作，并增进环境正义。拜登总统在上任第一天兑现了重新加入《巴黎协议》的诺言，并在一星期后签署了《关于在国内外应对气候危机的行政命令》（Executive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad）。在这项命令中，拜登总统责成联邦部门采取应对气候危机的全面方针。从减少排放到促进公平转型，拜登–哈里斯政府致力于同国际领导人、公民社会、商企和社会携手努力，促使全球各国加强行动，迎战这一全球挑战。

FACT SHEET: President Biden’s Leaders Summit on Climate
APRIL 23, 2021
On Day One, President Biden fulfilled his commitment to rejoin the Paris Agreement. Days later, he took executive actions to ensure we tackle the climate crisis at home and abroad – all while creating jobs and strengthening our economy. This week, he held a historic summit with 40 world leaders to show that America is back.
Over the course of two days and eight sessions, President Biden convened heads of state and government, as well as leaders and representatives from international organizations, businesses, subnational governments, and indigenous communities to rally the world in tackling the climate crisis, demonstrate the economic opportunities of the future, and affirm the need for unprecedented global cooperation and ambition to meet the moment.
On the first day of the summit, President Biden upped the ante. He announced the United States will target reducing emissions by 50-52 percent by 2030 compared to 2005 levels. He underscored America’s commitment to leading a clean energy revolution and creating good-paying, union jobs – noting that the countries that take decisive action now will reap the economic benefits of the future.
In the United States, the Biden-Harris Administration has mobilized a whole-of-government approach to unleash economic opportunities, create good jobs, and advance environmental justice. From the national to the local level and across all agencies, the federal government is not only working to help those hit hardest by climate impacts, but also creating a more resilient, equitable, and prosperous future.
While the Biden-Harris Administration has committed itself to addressing the climate crisis, countries across the globe must also step up. Given that more than 85 percent of emissions come from beyond U.S. borders, domestic action must go hand in hand with international leadership. All countries – and particularly the major economies – must do more to bend the curve on global emissions so as to keep a 1.5 degree C limit on global average temperature rise within reach. President Biden’s Leaders Summit helped ensure the international community is working together to tackle the climate crisis and support the most vulnerable. Together with the new United States 2030 target along with those announced in the run-up to and at the summit, more than half of the world’s economy is now committed to the pace of action we need to limit warming to 1.5 degree C. And this coalition is growing.
President Biden convened the U.S.-led Major Economies Forum (MEF) on Energy and Climate, a group the United States first convened during the George W. Bush Administration. Together, the 17 MEF economies are responsible for approximately 80 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and global GDP. At the Summit, alongside the United States, the other MEF participants committed to take the necessary steps to set the world up for success in this decisive decade. The heads of state and leaders of the MEF participants were also joined by the leaders of countries that are especially vulnerable to climate impacts, as well as countries charting innovative pathways to a net-zero economy. Business leaders, innovators, local officials, and indigenous and youth representatives participated in the summit, sharing their insights and planned contributions to help tackle the climate crisis.
For our part, the United States is leading the way with a range of bold new commitments across the federal government that demonstrate its leadership, create jobs, rally the rest of the world to step up, mobilize finance, spur transformational innovations, conserve nature, build resilience, strengthen adaptation and drive economic growth for communities. U.S. commitments include:
Enhancing climate ambition and enabling the transformations required to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. President Biden is galvanizing efforts by the world’s major economies to reduce emissions during this critical period. From reducing short-lived climate pollutants and supporting the most vulnerable to investing in nature-based solutions, these transformational changes are critical to keep a 1.5 degree C limit on global average temperature rise within reach. Just as importantly, they will create new, good-paying jobs today to drive tomorrow’s economy.
 
The Biden-Harris Administration’s whole-of-government approach is ensuring that climate considerations are incorporated across U.S. engagements both at home and abroad. Some of the initiatives that were announced today include:
Mobilizing financing to drive the net-zero transition and adapt to climate change. Finance plays a vital role in accelerating the transition to a clean energy economy and building a climate-resilient future. Current financial flows are inadequate for addressing the scale of the climate crisis. Through President Biden’s international climate finance plan, the U.S. government will make strategic use of multilateral and bilateral channels and institutions to assist developing countries in implementing ambitious emissions reduction measures, protect critical ecosystems, build resilience against the impacts of climate change, and promote the flow of capital toward climate-aligned investments and away from high-carbon investments. To more effectively mobilize public and private finance to address the climate crisis, the United States announced it is:
Transforming energy systems. The potential of solar energy, wind power, and electricity storage technologies has improved dramatically over the past few years. But we need to go further and faster. To support accelerated action, new commitments include:
Revitalizing the transport sector. The transformation of the transport sector offers some of the biggest opportunities for deep emissions cuts, new jobs, and healthier cities. To jump-start this revolution, the United States is committing to:
Building workforces for the future and ensuring U.S. competitiveness. Climate action is an opportunity to spur job creation while enabling all communities and workers to benefit from the clean energy economy. To create opportunities for American-made solutions to tackle the climate crisis abroad, the United States is announcing new commitments to:
Promoting innovation to bring clean technologies to scale. Innovation will spur the technology and transformations necessary to reduce emissions and adapt to climate change at scale, while also creating enormous new economic opportunities to build the industries of the future. To build the future we want, the United States announced:
o Launching, and leading together with international partners, a major Mission Innovation international technology mission on carbon dioxide removal at COP26.
o Joining Mission Innovation’s hydrogen mission and co-leading, with Denmark, a mission to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in international shipping, both slated to launch at the June 2021 Mission Innovation ministerial.
o Planning to host the co-located 2022 Mission Innovation and Clean Energy Ministerial meetings.
Providing urgent support for vulnerable countries to adapt and build resilience to the climate crisis. The climate crisis is already posing challenges to communities at home and around the world. Millions of Americans feel the effects of climate change each year when agriculture fields are flooded, wildfires destroy neighborhoods, and storms knock out power. Communities of color and low-income communities around the country are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Abroad, many vulnerable countries already are facing catastrophic climate impacts. They must build their resilience to the climate crisis now. To strengthen our capacity to help people, reduce future risks and improve resilience, the United States is announcing it is:
Implementing nature-based solutions. Nature is a critical part of reaching net-zero emissions and enhancing community resilience. The world’s ocean and forests are critical carbon sinks and a source of life and livelihoods. Recognizing nature’s vital role, the United States is announcing new resources and support for:
Promoting safety and security at home and abroad. Climate change has been identified by the Department of Defense (DoD) as a critical national security threat and threat multiplier. As a result, DoD has undertaken assessments of the impacts that the climate crisis has on American military instillations. Today the United States is announcing:
Supporting action at every level. Fully addressing the climate crisis requires an all-of-society response. President Biden is committed to working with sub-national actors, business, civil society, indigenous communities, and youth to facilitate collective ambitious action that yields lasting results.
Today’s announcements are additional steps in the Biden-Harris Administration’s work to advance an unprecedented whole-of-government response to climate change while creating good-paying, union jobs and advancing environmental justice. On his first day in office, President Biden fulfilled his promise to rejoin the Paris Agreement, and one week later he signed an Executive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad. As part of this Order, the President charged federal agencies to take a comprehensive approach to addressing the climate crisis. From reducing emissions to advancing a just transition, the Biden-Harris Administration is committed to working hand in hand with international leaders, civil society, businesses, and communities and getting countries around the world to step up and meet this global challenge.
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