美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
2021年 3月16 日
媒体通告
关于年度航行自由报告的发布
国防部（Department of Defense）于2021年3月10日发布2020财政年度航行自由报告（Freedom of Navigation Report）。国防部每年发布非机密性的航行自由报告，指出一系列受到美国质疑的过度的海上索求。今年，沿海国家破坏国际海洋法的行为前所未见，美国军方对世界各地19个不同的索求方提出的28个过度海上索求表示质疑。航行自由报告公开发布，以透明的方式表示美国拒不接受这些海上索求。
国防部采取的行动式质疑，又被称为“航行自由行动”（FON operations）和“FONOPs”，目的在于质疑沿海国家提出的某些海上索求。这些索求非法限制了航行及空中飞越的权利和自由，以及涉及这些自由的其他受国际法保障的海洋的国际合法使用，如1982年海洋法公约（Law of the Sea Convention）所列之内容。“航行自由行动”表明美国将在任何国际法允许的地域飞行、航行和作业。
以综合性、定期和例行的方式执行这些行动与美国为遵守和维护国际法做出的努力相辅相成。这些努力包括美国为加强国际海洋法提供的对外援助和美国采取外交接触的方式要求沿海国家按国际法的规范纠正非法的海上索求。
国务院做出的努力体现为《法律顾问关于美国国际法实务的年度摘编》（Legal Adviser’s Annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law）。这份文件提供了有关美国政府对国际法的观点和实务的历史记录，其中包括涉及非法海上索求的问题。国防部和国务院相互配合的行动方略包括美国航行自由计划（U.S. Freedom of Navigation Program）。该计划自1979年以来促进了美国在世界各地涉及海上自由的长期国家利益。美国将为所有国家的利益维护使用海洋的权利、自由和合法性，并坚决支持采取同样立场的志同道合的伙伴 。
更多详情可见国防部航行自由报告http://policy.defense.gov/OUSDPOffices/FON.aspx
关于美国国际法实务的年度摘编可见https://www.state.gov/digest-of-united-states-practice-in-international-law/

MEDIA NOTE
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
The Department of Defense (DoD) released its annual Freedom of Navigation (FON) Report for Fiscal Year 2020 on March 10, 2021.  Each year, DoD releases an unclassified FON Report identifying the broad range of excessive maritime claims that are challenged by the U.S. government.  This year, with historic coastal state efforts to undermine the international law of the sea, U.S. forces challenged 28 different excessive maritime claims made by 19 different claimants throughout the world.  The FON Report is made public to transparently signal the U.S. rejection of these maritime claims.
DoD’s operational challenges, also known as “FON operations,” and “FONOPs,” are designed to challenge coastal state maritime claims that unlawfully restrict navigation and overflight rights and freedoms and other internationally lawful uses of the sea related to these freedoms guaranteed in international law as reflected in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention.  FONOPs demonstrate the United States will fly, sail, and operate wherever international law allows.
The comprehensive, regular, and routine execution of these operations complements U.S. Department of State efforts to abide by and uphold international law.  These efforts include U.S. foreign assistance to strengthen international maritime law and U.S. diplomatic engagements to call on coastal states to bring unlawful maritime claims into conformance with international law.
The Department of State’s efforts are reflected in the Legal Adviser’s Annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law, which provides a historical record of the views and practice of the U.S. government in international law, including with respect to unlawful maritime claims.  The mutually supporting lines of effort by DoD and the Department of State comprise the U.S. Freedom of Navigation Program which, since 1979, has advanced the longstanding U.S. national interest in freedom of the seas worldwide.  The United States will uphold the rights, freedoms, and lawful uses of the sea for the benefit of all nations and will stand with like-minded partners doing the same.
For more information, the DoD FON Reports may be accessed here:  http://policy.defense.gov/OUSDPOffices/FON.aspx .
The Annual Digest of U.S. Practice in International Law may be accessed here:  https://www.state.gov/digest-of-united-states-practice-in-international-law/