Michael R. Pompeo Keynote Address at CERAWeek 
美国国务院发言人办公室华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2019年3月12日
国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥（Michael R. Pompeo）在剑桥能源周（CERAWeek）发表主题演讲（摘译）
美洲-休士顿希尔顿酒店（Hilton Americas-Houston Hotel）
德克萨斯州休士顿（Houston, Texas）
国务卿蓬佩奥：谢谢你，丹。感谢诸位与我一起出席会议。
*     *     *     *
我们丰富的石油供应使我们能够帮助我们的朋友保障能源的多样化。我们不想让我们的欧洲盟友通过北溪天然气管道II（NordStream II）工程依赖俄罗斯的天然气供应，正如我们不再希望依靠委内瑞拉获得石油供应一样。
正是由于多样化的需求，急迫的多样性需求，我们去年向全球各国出口了更多的原油，例如印度、日本、中国、韩国、意大利、爱尔兰、阿拉伯联合酋长国等各类国家。这份名单很长。正是因为如此，美国在向欧洲运送第一批液态天然气后不久，就向人们想不到的地方运送了产品，葡萄牙现在已经能够获得美国的能源。
*     *     *     *
 
现在我们的榜样很重要，坦白地说，在大国对抗和竞争的时代尤其如此，因为在这个时期某些国家利用自己的能源从事恶劣的勾当，并非如同我们在西方采取的方式促进繁荣。他们没有自由和解放的价值观，没有我们拥有的法治。他们正在利用自己的能源摧毁我们的能源。
先以中国为例。中国在国际水道非法进行岛礁建设并非属于简单的安全问题。
中国通过胁迫行为阻挠南中国海（South China）的开发，阻止东南亚国家联盟（ASEAN）获得价值2.5万亿美元可开采的能源储量。与此相反，美国政府倡导东南亚国家的能源安全。我们希望该地区各国能够获得自己拥有的能源。我们希望帮助他们。我们希望建立伙伴关系。我们希望透明的交易，不造成债务陷阱。我们进行负责任的勘探。
中国则不按照同样的规则行事。中国的价值观完全不同。诸位在各地都看到这一点，例如在非洲。他们往往向非洲输送本国的劳工，为中国工人创造工作机会，不是为当地经济的工人谋福利。中国利用我刚才所说的债务陷阱使这些国家陷入并非商业交易的境地，从事的是政治交易，目的在于使他们开展经营的国家受到伤害和政治影响。
你们许多人可能都不知道的是，中国是如今最大的债权国——请原谅，如今拉丁美洲最大的债主是中国。
*     *     *     *
在东南亚，美国是累计外来投资来源最大的单一国家。国务院在其中发挥了重要的作用，帮助投资人做出正确的决策并获得相关的渠道。一个事例是，我们有关印度-太平洋（Indo-Pacific）开放的项目。我们称之为“亚洲优势倡议”（Asia Edge Initiative）。该项目帮助印度-太平洋各地的伙伴进口、生产和开发自己的能源。
除投资外的第二个途径是我们可以通过鼓励全世界各国与美国建立伙伴关系，促进能源安全。我已经看见这方面的工作行之有效。我们提醒他们，与我们交易比与俄罗斯、中国或伊朗交易更有利。我们的交易不附带隐藏的条件。我们的合同一目了然。我们的动机纯正明了。
*     *     *     *
诸位应该知道，今后美国将继续响应全世界提出的能源需求，特别是在印度-太平洋等地区。我们的民营部门是其中的关键因素。 民营部门必将发挥重要作用。如果制高点由政府占据，必然无法完成任务。但不论民营企业还是联邦政府都不能独自完成这项工作。我们需要相互合作。美国的生产者与美国外交人员携手努力才能在世界各地开创这种稳定和繁荣的局面。
*     *     *     *
尤金（YERGIN）先生：你在今晚和其他重要讲话中都谈到印度-太平洋的概念。你认为在该地区竞争日益加剧的整体形势下，美国如何定位自身的作用？
国务卿蓬佩奥：所以，中国向美国和全世界提出的挑战不同于我们以往面临的挑战。我们的国家安全战略明确了我们在特朗普（Trump）政府如何考虑中国的问题。其中有很多不同，最基本的是我们从来没有遇到另外一个像中国这样规模的国家，具备中国同样军事规模的国家，扩展到特定的空间和土地，其中我们并没有合法的诉求，但美国拥有各种深厚和相互交织的经济和商业关系。以往这种情形经常发生，如今对某些国家也是如此，我们相互没有商业关系，所以我们脱离接触，试图将他们逐出市场。中国的情况更为复杂，更为艰难，但对保障美国创造财富的动力构成的挑战并不亚于10年、20年和30年前的情况。
在印度-太平洋地区，我不去亚洲、南亚、东南亚那些能源不成为课题的任何国家。我很坦诚：在我所到之处，他们都公开或不公开地谈到这一点。其中很多国家都没有自身的能力对抗中国的胁迫。中国进入这些地方，利用其经济实力影响和控制他们的政府。他们都欢迎来自美国的公司。他们欢迎美国维护法治的能力。他们可能不经常谈到这一点，他们可能不经常公开表示自己的想法，但实际上在我接触的其中任何一个国家或领导人中，没有一个不希望获得更多来自美国的机会、更多来自美国的资源、更多来自美国的技术和发明作为组合的一个成分。
*     *     *     *

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATEOffice of the SpokespersonWashington, D.C.March 12, 2019
EXCERPTS OF REMARKSSecretary of State Michael R. PompeoKeynote Address at CERAWeek
Hilton Americas-Houston HotelHouston, Texas
SECRETARY POMPEO:  Thank you, Dan.  Thank you all for joining me.
*             *             *             *
Our plentiful oil supplies allow us to help our friends secure diversity for their energy resources.  We don’t want our European allies hooked on Russian gas through the NordStream II project any more than we ourselves want to depend on Venezuela for our oil supplies.
This need, this desperate need for diversification is why we exported more crude oil last year to countries all across the globe.  Places as diverse as India, Japan, China, the Republic of Korea, Italy, Ireland, the United Arab Emirates.  The list is long.  It’s why, shortly before the United States made its first LNG shipment to Europe, it made it to a place that people don’t think about, the country of Portugal that now has access to American energy resources.
*             *             *             *
Our model matters now, frankly, more than ever in an era of great power rivalry and competition where some nations are using their energy for malign ends, and not to promote prosperity in the way we do here in the West.  They don’t have the values of freedom and liberty, of the rule of law that we do, and they’re using their energy to destroy ours.
Take China, just for starters.  China’s illegal island-building in international waterways isn’t simply a security matter.
By blocking development in the South China Sea through coercive means, China prevents ASEAN members from accessing more than $2.5 trillion in recoverable energy reserves.  To contrast, the United States Government promotes energy security for those Southeast Asian nations.  We want countries in the region to have access to their own energy.  We want to help them.  We want to create partnerships. We want transparent transactions, not debt traps.  We explore responsibly.
China doesn’t play by that same set of rules.  Its values are simply different.  You see that in places as diverse as Africa, where they often ship in their own labor, creating jobs for Chinese workers rather than for those in the local economy.  It’s using the debt trap which I referred to just a moment ago to put these countries in a place where it isn’t a commercial transaction, it’s a political transaction designed to bring harm and political influence in the country in which they’re operating.
Many of you may not know this:  China’s largest creditor today – excuse me, Latin America’s largest creditor today is China.
*             *             *             *
In Southeast Asia, the United States is the single largest source of cumulative foreign investment.  And the State Department has played an important role in helping investors make good decisions and getting access.  An example is our program about the Indo-Pacific being open.  We call it the Asia Edge Initiative.  It helps Indo-Pacific partners import, produce, and deploy their own energy resources.
The second way, other than investment, is we can promote energy security by encouraging countries to partner with the United States all around the world.  And I’ve seen this at work.  We’re reminding them that we’re simply better to do business with than Russia, China, or Iran.  Our deals come with no hidden strings attached, our contracts are clear, our motives unambiguous.
*             *             *             *
In the days ahead, you should know, America will continue to be asked to meet the world’s energy demand, especially in places like the Indo-Pacific.  Our private partners are essential to that.  The private sector will be absolutely instrumental.  It certainly can’t be done if the commanding heights are handed to the government.  But neither private enterprise nor the federal government can do it alone.  We need each other.  It is American producers, working in tandem with American diplomats, who can create this stability and prosperity all around the world.
*             *             *             *
MR YERGIN:  This evening you’ve mentioned, and in other important speeches, the Indo-Pacific concept.  And how do you see the role of the U.S. position itself in terms of the overall growing competition in the region?
SECRETARY POMPEO:  So the challenge that’s presented to America and to the world by China is different than one that we’ve confronted before.  Our National Security Strategy defines how we think about China in the Trump administration.  There are many differences, but one of the most fundamental is we’ve never had another country of the scale of China, with the military of the scale of China’s, that has now expanded into space and property that they do not have a lawful claim to, but with which America has such a deep, intertwined economic and commercial set of relationships.  It was often the case, as it is with certain countries today, that we don’t have those commercial relationships, so we move away and try and drive them out of the marketplace.  China is more complicated and more difficult, but no less challenging to ensuring that America’s wealth creation engine is around 10 and 20 and 30 years from now.
In the Indo-Pacific proper, I don’t travel to any country in Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia where energy isn’t a topic.  I will be honest; where – depending on where I am, they mention it either in public or in private.  Many of them don’t have the capacity on their own to stand up to the coercive behavior of China, where China moves in and attempts to use its economic clout to influence and control their government.  They all welcome companies from the United States.  They welcome American capacity for the rule of law.  They may not always say this, they may not always speak their mind publicly, but know that I have literally not met a single one of those countries or leaders from one of those countries that didn’t want a more American opportunity, more American resources, more American technology and innovation as part of the mix.
*             *             *             *