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美国国务院发言人办公室华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2019年8月17日
简报
太平洋诸岛论坛—美国与太平洋诸岛的联系
美国长期保持对太平洋诸岛和邻国的承诺，倡导印度-太平洋（Indo-Pacific）地区的和平、自由与开放。美国始终坚持对太平洋诸岛未来安全与繁荣的承诺。
在太平洋诸岛论坛（Pacific Islands Forum）50周年之际，美国增加对太平洋诸岛伙伴关系的贡献，除美国各机构为促进该地区人民未来的繁荣对工程、援助和运行每年投入的约3.5亿美元款项之外，承诺提供3, 650万新的对外援助。美国与太平洋诸岛建立伙伴关系，要求战胜全球和地区的各种挑战，包括增强地区安全与稳定，促进可持续增长，解决环境领域的难题，应对自然灾害和巩固我们人民与人民之间的联系。
美国国内资源部部长（Secretary of the Interior）戴维·伯恩哈特（David Bernhardt）率美国跨机构代表团出席第31届太平洋诸岛论坛的论坛伙伴对话（Forum Dialogue Partners）会议，反映了美国对太平洋诸岛作为印度-太平洋地区的重要伙伴给予高度重视。
在特朗普政府（Trump Administration）领导下，美国前所未有地增进了与太平洋诸岛国家的联系，例如副总统彭斯（Pence）于去年11月前往巴布亚新几内亚出席亚太经济合作组织（APEC）会议以及特朗普总统于2019年5月21日在椭圆形办公室（Oval Office）与自由自由联系邦（Freely Associated States）3位总统举行的历史性会晤。7月，美国退伍军人事务部部长（Secretary of Veterans Affairs）罗伯特·威尔基（Robert Wilkie）出席密克罗尼西亚总统潘鲁罗（Paneulo）的就职仪式。今年早些时候，国务卿蓬佩奥（Pompeo）成为访问马歇尔群岛和密克罗尼西亚联邦的第一位美国国务卿。他在访问密克罗尼西亚期间宣布，美国准备开始就自由联系邦契约（Compacts of Free Association）修正案开始谈判。
今天，美国政府宣布，美国根据印度–太平洋战略（Indo-Pacific Strategy）承诺为该地区提供3,650万美元的新援助。这项援助增进了对该地区的坚定承诺，加深了与太平洋诸岛国家的合作，要求增强各国的安全和应变能力，支持经济增长并促进良好治理。此外，美国国际发展署（USAID）将增加在斐济、巴布亚新几内亚、密克罗尼西亚联邦、马歇尔群岛共和国和帕劳的代表人数。
提高对环境挑战的应变能力：美国认识到，由于海平面上升和该地区对自然灾害的脆弱性，解决环境恶化和气候变化问题是太平洋地区的优先事务。国务院将与跨机构伙伴共同努力，支持与太平洋诸岛共同发展应变能力的工作，例如改善饮用水的质量和废水管理，支持水务和气候预报的基础设施并改进早期预警和对灾害的应变能力。
核场地的监测：国内资源部和能源部将新拨170万美元的款项，用于检测鲁尼特圆顶（Runit Dome）核存储设施附近的地下水。该项目将与马歇尔群岛共和国政府共同完成，并将钻通新的孔道用于搜集具有代表性的水样。
支持保护珊瑚礁：美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）将扩大在该地区的珊瑚礁保护工作。珊瑚礁可通过碎波和海浪能量衰减，降低水灾的危险，为沿海社区和财产提供有力的保护。美国国家海洋和大气管理局还将为更多的太平洋诸岛国家扩大珊瑚礁监护（Coral Reef Watch）项目。该项目利用卫星数据预测珊瑚礁的白化程度。
对极端气候的准备工作：美国支持降低灾害危险的项目，从而挽救生命，减少灾害的影响。美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey）、美国国际发展署和国家海洋和大气管理局支持对地震、海啸、热带旋风和火山建立早期预警系统。美国地质调查局正在巴布亚新几内亚安装新的设备，协助检测火山动态。国家海洋和大气管理局为太平洋诸岛国家的200多名天气预报人员和紧急救援管理人员提供训练，其中几名完成训练的人员已成为本国国家气象服务局的主任（Directors of National Meteorological Services）。国家海洋和大气管理局还将进一步训练太平洋地区的官员确定地震方位并对破坏性海啸可能造成的影响进行评估。国家海洋和大气管理局将在整个地区扩大紧急通讯设备的发放，有助于紧急通讯极度有限或不存在的诸岛相互联络。
救灾反应：美国努力提高太平洋诸岛社区、公民社会、政府和地区机为构减轻自然灾害的影响和准备应对自然灾害的工作。美国国际发展署的外国救灾援助办公室（Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance）、国防部和美国海岸警卫队（U.S. Coast Guard）都与太平洋地区各国政府一起开展人道主义援助和救灾演习。如果自然灾害来袭，美国随时准备提供援助。2019年，美国国际发展署在3月台风蝴蝶（Typhoon Wutip）袭击后为密克罗尼西亚提供了1,700万美元救灾援助。
建设有应变能力的基础设施并扩展联网：美国致力于改善获得电力的渠道，以及开放、安全和可靠的因特网联网，以帮助带动太平洋地区的经济增长。根据印度-太平洋战略，美国正在落实副总统彭斯对巴布亚新几内亚电气化的承诺。美国正在同澳大利亚、日本和新西兰这些捐赠伙伴共同努力，到2030年使电力覆盖率达到70%。在自由联系邦，美国国内资源部（Department of the Interior）提供了63亿美元援助，将信用基金资本化、改善公用设施和学校的基础建设，并帮助提供基本的医卫和教育服务。契约基金支持了多项基础建设项目，其中包括巴伯尔道布岛（Babeldaob）上的环线公路、威诺岛（Weno Island）上的主要公路以及马朱罗（Majuro）、科斯雷（Kosrae）和楚克（Chuuk）的新医院。
增进良好治理：太平洋岛国和美国共同坚定地致力于民主、法治、和平解决分歧以及透明度。太平洋诸岛良治倡议（Pacific Islands Good Governance Initiative）将在地区内提倡健全、公正及响应民意的治理，赋予公民权能、帮助抗击腐败，并加强各国的自治。美国将提供300万美元来促进公民参与，并在选举和政府中提倡透明和问责。
增进海事安全：增进海事安全对于打击非法、未报告和未受管制的捕鱼至关重要。在过去一年中，美国海岸警卫队增强了在大洋洲（Oceania）的部署，向该地区部署主力巡逻舰，展开渔业执法行动，并支持太平洋岛国论坛渔业局（Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency）的运作。美国的随船观察员（shiprider）协议允许地方执法官员登上美国海岸警卫队舰船，包括对涉嫌违法或违规船只的上船搜查。美国同库克群岛、密克罗尼西亚联邦、斐济、基里巴斯、瑙鲁、帕劳、马绍尔群岛、萨摩亚、汤加、图瓦卢和瓦努阿图签订了11项随船观察员协议。在过去一年中，海岸警卫队实施了11项协议中的6项，最近一次是于2018年12月在斐济实施的。海岸警卫队计划增加在大洋洲的有关运作，以通过合作及联合行动来推动海事安全和安保。
建设打击非法捕鱼的能力：4月份，美国海岸警卫队将10个签订了随船观察员协议的太平洋岛国的官员汇集在一起，参加有史以来的第一个美国和太平洋岛国多边渔业执法研讨会（U.S. and Pacific Islands Multilateral Fisheries Law Enforcement Symposium）。接下来，国务院以及国家海洋和大气管理局将主办一个地区性培训班，扩大太平洋地区的检察官打击非法、未报告和未受管制的违规者的执法能力。国家海洋和大气管理局还将为太平洋岛国扩大渔业执法能力建设的努力，并增强对太平洋诸岛论坛渔业局的技术援助，以帮助监控并发现非法、未报告和未受管制的捕鱼。
增进安全合作：根据印度-太平洋战略，国防部正在增加在该地区的安全援助，追加提供2,450万美元资金，用于增强自由联系邦保卫领水、开展海事和边境安全行动、打击毒品贩运和跨国有组织犯罪，以及支持机场后勤服务的能力。
发展人民之间的联系
保护太平洋文化遗产：美国对历史保护基金（Historic Preservation Fund）的支持保护着美国岛屿地区的自然和文化资源，最近于2018年提供了260万美元资金。国内资源部将于12月为现有的及可能的世界遗产（World Heritage）处所主办一次会议和培训。
培养未来的太平洋地区年轻领导人：美国国务院的这个项目将太平洋岛国崭露头角的领导人汇集在一起，讨论教育、环境、公民领导作用以及经济和社会发展。项目目前及历届的参与者竞争获得10,000美元赠款，将创意付诸行动。2019年赠款获得者的完整名单见： https://fm.usembassy.gov/u-s-state-department-announces-2019-young-pacific-leaders-grant-recipients/。
支持青年海洋外交：2019年6月，国务院将22名密克罗尼西亚、马绍尔群岛和帕劳在公民教育、法治、创业和青年领导力方面崭露头角的领导人汇集在一起。这个项目赋予参与者权能，利用技术打击非法、未报告和未受管制的捕鱼。参与者将在返回各自国家后落实社区项目。有关这个项目的详情请见：https://www.worldoregon.org/empowering_changemakers_in_the_pacific_islands
视频链接： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JheUUDa-X00
了解详情请联系EAP-press@state.gov

The United States has long been committed to Pacific friends and neighbors in promoting a peaceful, free and open Indo-Pacific region.  The United States is committed to the Pacific Islands’ future security and prosperity.
On the occasion of the 50th Pacific Islands Forum, the United States is increasing contributions to the partnerships with the Pacific Islands with a pledge of $36.5 million in new foreign assistance.  This is in addition to the approximately $350 million annually that U.S. agencies invest in projects, assistance, and operations to build a more prosperous future for the people of the region.  The United States partners with the Pacific Islands to tackle global and regional challenges, including promoting regional security and stability, advancing sustainable growth, addressing environmental challenges, responding to natural disasters, and strengthening our people-to-people ties.
Secretary of the Interior David Bernhardt’s leadership of an interagency U.S. delegation to the 31st Pacific Islands Forum’s Forum Dialogue Partners meeting reflects the importance that the United States places on the Pacific Islands as a key part of the Indo-Pacific region.
Under the Trump Administration, the United States has increased engagement with Pacific Island nations to unprecedented levels, including Vice President Pence’s visit to Papua New Guinea for APEC last November and President Trump’s historic Oval Office meeting with the three Presidents of the Freely Associated States on May 21, 2019.  In July, Secretary of Veterans Affairs Robert Wilkie attended the inauguration of Micronesian President Paneulo.  Earlier this month, Secretary Pompeo became the first Secretary of State to ever visit the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia.  While in Micronesia, he announced that the United States intends to begin negotiations on amendments to certain provisions of the Compacts of Free Association.
Today, the U.S. Government announces that under the Indo-Pacific Strategy, the U.S. is committing $36.5 million in new U.S. assistance to the region.  This reinforces the steadfast commitment to the region and the deepening collaboration with Pacific Island countries to strengthen their security and resilience, foster economic growth, and increase good governance.  In addition, USAID will expand its staff presence in Fiji, Papua New Guinea, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Palau.
Enhancing Resilience to Environmental Challenges: The United States recognizes that addressing environmental degradation and climate change is a priority in the Pacific due to the threat posed by sea level rise and the region’s vulnerability to natural disasters.  The Department of State will work with interagency partners to support resilience work with the Pacific Islands to improve drinking water quality and wastewater management, to support water and weather forecasting infrastructure, and improve early warning and disaster resilience capability.
Monitoring nuclear sites: The Department of Interior and Department of Energy will devote $1.7 million in new funds to monitor ground water near the Runit Dome nuclear containment facility.  The program will be completed in conjunction with the Marshallese government and will include drilling new holes so representative water samples can be collected and analyzed.
Supporting Conservation of Coral Reefs: NOAA will expand coral reef conservation efforts within the region.  Coral reefs provide robust protection to coastal communities and property and reduce flood risk through wave breaking and wave energy attenuation.  NOAA will also expand the Coral Reef Watch program to additional Pacific Island countries; this program uses satellite data to predict coral bleaching.
Preparing for Extreme Weather: The United States supports disaster risk reduction programs aimed at saving lives and reducing the impact of disasters.  The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), USAID, and NOAA support early warning systems for earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones, and volcanos.  USGS is working to install new equipment in Papua New Guinea to assist with volcano monitoring.  NOAA has trained more than 200 weather forecasters and emergency managers from Pacific Island countries, including several graduates who have become Directors of National Meteorological Services in their home countries.  NOAA will also increase efforts to train Pacific officials to locate earthquakes and assess potential for destructive tsunamis.  NOAA will expand the distribution of emergency communication devices throughout the region, connecting islands where emergency communication is extremely limited or non-existent.
Responding to Disasters: The United States works to raise the capacity of Pacific Island communities, civil society, governments, and regional institutions to mitigate and prepare for natural disasters.  USAID’s Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, the Department of Defense, and the U.S. Coast Guard all engage in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief exercises with Pacific governments. When disaster strikes, the United States is ready to assist.  In 2019, USAID provided $17 million in disaster assistance to Micronesia following Typhoon Wutip in March.
Building Resilient Infrastructure and Expanding Connectivity: The United States is committed to improve access to electricity and open, secure, and reliable internet access to help drive economic growth in the Pacific.  Under the Indo-Pacific Strategy, The United States is following through on Vice President Pence’s commitment to electrify Papua New Guinea.  The United States is working with donor partners Australia, Japan, and New Zealand to reach 70% electrification by 2030.  In the Freely Associated States, the Department of the Interior has provided over $6.3 billion in assistance to capitalize trust funds, improve infrastructure at utilities and schools, and help deliver basic health and education services.  Compact funding has supported many infrastructure projects including the ring road on Babeldaob, the main road on Weno Island, and new hospitals in Majuro, Kosrae, and Chuuk.
Enhancing Good Governance: The Pacific Islands and the United States share a strong commitment to democracy, rule of law, peaceful resolution of disputes, and transparency.  The Pacific Islands Good Governance Initiative will promote sound, just, and responsive governance within the region to empower citizens, help combat corruption, and strengthen nations’ autonomy.  The United States will contribute $3 million to boost citizen participation and promote transparency and accountability in elections and government.
Enhancing Maritime Security: Enhancing maritime security is critical to combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing.  During the last year, the U.S. Coast Guard increased its presence in Oceania, deploying major cutters to the region, conducting fisheries enforcement, and supporting Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency operations.  U.S. “shiprider” agreements allow local law enforcement officers to embark on U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations.  The United States has 11 shiprider agreements, with the Cook Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.  In the past year, the Coast Guard exercised six of the 11 agreements, most recently with Fiji in Dec 2018.  The Coast Guard intends to increase operations in Oceania to advance maritime safety and security through cooperation and combined operations.
Building Capacity to Combat Illegal Fishing: In April, the U.S. Coast Guard brought together officials from 10 Pacific Island countries with shiprider agreements for the first-ever U.S. and Pacific Islands Multilateral Fisheries Law Enforcement Symposium.  Next, the Department of State and NOAA will host a regional workshop to expand Pacific prosecutors’ ability to enforce actions against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) violators.  NOAA also will expand fisheries law enforcement capacity building efforts for Pacific Island countries and increase technical assistance to the Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency to help monitor and detect IUU fishing.
Enhancing Security Cooperation: Under the Indo-Pacific Strategy, the Department of Defense is increasing security assistance in the region with an additional $24.5 million in funding to enhance capabilities in the Freely Associated States to safeguard territorial waters, conduct maritime and border security operations, and counter drug trafficking and transnational organized crime, and support airport logistics.
Fostering People-to-People Ties
Preserving Pacific Cultural Heritage: U.S. support for the Historic Preservation Fund protects natural and cultural resources in the U.S. insular areas, and most recently provided $2.6 million in 2018. The Department of the Interior will host a conference and training in December for current and potential World Heritage sites.
Nurturing Future Young Pacific Leaders: This Department of State program gathers emerging leaders from Pacific Island nations to discuss education, environment, civic leadership, and economic and social development.  Program participants and alumni compete for $10,000 grants to transform ideas into action. The full list of 2019 grant winners can be found here: https://fm.usembassy.gov/u-s-state-department-announces-2019-young-pacific-leaders-grant-recipients/.
Supporting Youth Ocean Diplomacy: In June 2019, the Department of State brought together 22 emerging Micronesian, Marshallese, and Palauan leaders in civic education, rule of law, entrepreneurship and youth leadership. The program empowered participants to use technology to combat illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing.  Participants will implement community projects after returning to their respective countries.  For more on this program visit:https://www.worldoregon.org/empowering_changemakers_in_the_pacific_islands
Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JheUUDa-X00
For more information, contact EAP-press@state.gov