Chinese police patrol as Muslims leave a mosque in Kashgar, a city in Xinjiang province. (Johannes Eisele/AFP/Getty Images) 
中国打击维吾尔族并非反恐怖主义，而是残暴的镇压。
作者：内森·塞尔斯（Nathan Sales）和萨姆·布朗巴克（Sam Brownback）
内森·塞尔斯是国务院反恐怖主义事务无任所大使。萨姆·布朗巴克是国务院国际宗教事务无任所大使。
中国共产党对新疆省穆斯林的迫害惨无人道、打击面广，违反了宗教自由的基本权利，遭到文明国家和公民社会的谴责。但是从另外一个角度看，此事也应该引起关注：这些残暴的行为破坏了全球为打击恐怖主义形成的共识。
为了粉饰其违反人权的行为，北京声称这些属于合法打击恐怖主义的行动，但实际上显然并非如此。
该政府在新疆骇人听闻的行为都有案可稽。北京声称出于对恐怖主义问题的关注，日益加剧对中国维吾尔族、吉尔吉斯族、乌兹别克族和哈萨克族等穆斯林和少数民族采取严酷和蓄意的镇压行动，例如以所谓“职业培训”为幌子在拘押营大规模拘禁人员，采取刑讯逼供行为和严密监视等措施，试图消灭和平的宗教活动。
美国估计，自2017年4月以来，中国已在劳改营拘禁了100多万穆斯林男女老少，日常在有关设施对多达200万人灌输政治教条。总体上说，这些设施内的中国公民人数占新疆少数民族总人口的15%-25%。美国国会及行政当局中国委员会（U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China）认为，这种情况已成为当今世界最大规模监禁某少数民族人口的事例。
被拘禁的人员遭受无休止的狂轰乱炸的灌输，被迫放弃自己的宗教、文化、语言和民族认同。中国穆斯林不得参加每天常规的祈祷活动，被迫剃去胡须，被迫吃猪肉和饮酒。拥挤的环境及剥夺睡眠和食物的现象已司空见惯。中国拒绝公布在拘押营内死亡的人数，但据报道已发生数十个死亡事例，其中包括自杀。实际情况可能大大高于此数。
中国处心积虑地试图扼杀维吾尔族文化，清除穆斯林信仰，其程度已远远超出用铁丝网禁锢的拘押营的封闭空间，同时也对各少数民族日常生活的每一个方面造成了影响。北京在新疆采取的高压手段包括在各地实施广泛的高科技监控（包括面部和形态识别技术）、公共场所严厉的安全措施、软禁和限制什么人可以在共产党尚未拆除的仅存的清真寺祈祷等。
中国当局甚至以儿童为对象。共产党强行将数千名少数民族儿童从他们的家中带走，让他们进入国营的孤儿院。他们只能学习中文普通话，不许接受宗教和文化教育。据报道当局粗暴地为儿童重新取汉语名字。
最近，新疆的一名共产党高层官员雪克来提·扎克尔（Shohrat Zakir）声称这些遭受殴打和饥饿的被监禁人员是“受训人员”，他们很高兴参加“这类艺术和体育活动”，让他们体会到生活如此“丰富多彩”。
“丰富多彩”并不是用来形容古拉格（gulag）的词。北京想来也知道这一点；国际观察员不允许在事先未经许可的情况下参观这些设施。
使这种忍无可忍的局势愈益恶化的是，中国一贯歪曲 “反恐怖主义”的概念，以此作为肆意践踏人权的借口。再重复一遍：新疆的镇压行动并不是反恐怖主义。这是北京长期镇压藏传佛教徒、基督教徒和法轮功的历史上又增添的一个章节。
在这个过程中，中国破坏了长期以来有关如何通过执法行动、情报交流、边界安全等措施打击真正的恐怖主义分子的来之不易的国际共识。美国及其伙伴为建立这个共识进行了艰苦的努力。北京广泛的高压手段是对世界各地真正和必要的反恐怖主义努力的一种嘲弄。
中国与其他众多国家一样都曾受到恐怖主义的袭击，包括在新疆地区。过去十年来，数十名中国公民在中国和海外被恐怖主义分子杀害。但北京不可利用这些死亡事件，强词夺理地将中国穆斯林的和平宗教活动与恐怖主义混为一谈。没有任何理由可以为中国大规模残酷的高压手段开脱。
恐怖主义是我们所有的人面临的切实威胁。美国随时准备与有同样愿望的伙伴一起打击一切形式的恐怖主义，但不会在某些政府以反恐怖主义为幌子采取暴行的时候缄默不语。反恐怖主义和人权并行不悖，相辅相成。美国将为两者大声疾呼，不论涉及盟国还是对手。
中国的所作所为并不是反恐怖主义，而是依靠现代科技采取的残暴的大规模镇压行动。正是“老大哥”（Big Brother）使人人感到自危。中国如果希望成为全世界反恐怖主义队伍中一名受到尊敬的成员，就必须就此止步。与此同时，中国必须立即释放所有被任意关押的人员。

By Nathan SalesandSam Brownback
May 22 at 7:48 PM
Nathan Sales is the ambassador at large for counterterrorism and Sam Brownback is the ambassador at large for international religious freedom at the State Department.
The Chinese Communist Party’s persecution of Muslims in Xinjiang province is drawing condemnation from civilized nations and civil society because of its brutality, scale and violation of the fundamental right to religious freedom. But there is another angle that should also raise concern: These abuses undermine the global consensus on counterterrorism. Beijing is painting its human rights violations as a legitimate counterterrorism effort, when they patently are not.
The government’s outrageous conduct in Xinjiang is well-documented. Citing purported terrorism concerns, Beijing has subjected Chinese Muslims and ethnic minorities, including Uighurs, Kyrgyz, Uzbeks and Kazakhs, to an increasingly harsh and systematic campaign of oppression. It includes mass imprisonment in camps for purported “vocational training,” vicious interrogations, comprehensive monitoring and attempts to wipe out peaceful religious practices.
The United States estimates that since April 2017, China has detained more than 1 million Muslim men, women and children in forced labor camps. Up to 2 million more have been sent for political indoctrination in daytime facilities. All told, the number of Chinese citizens in these facilities constitutes some 15 to 25 percent of Xinjiang’s total ethnic-minority population. The U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China described the situation as the largest mass incarceration of a minority population in the world today.
Detainees are subjected to an unrelenting barrage of propaganda, forcing them to renounce their religious, cultural, linguistic and ethnic identities. Chinese Muslims are prevented from regular daily prayer, have their beards forcibly cut off and are force-fed pork and alcohol. Overcrowding and sleep and food deprivations are routine. China refuses to publish figures on how many people have died in the camps, but dozens of deaths have been reported — including suicides — and the real figure is probably much higher.
China’s deliberate efforts to strangle Uighur culture and stamp out the Muslim faith extend far beyond the camps’ razor-wire enclosures, affecting every aspect of life for these ethnic minorities. Beijing’s repressive policies in Xinjiang include pervasive high-tech surveillance and monitoring throughout the region (including facial- and gait-recognition technologies), draconian security measures in public spaces, house arrest and restrictions on who can worship in the remaining mosques that the Communist Party hasn’t bulldozed.
Chinese authorities are even targeting children. The Communist Party has forcibly taken thousands of minority children from their families and placed them in state-run orphanages. They are taught only Mandarin Chinese and are prevented from receiving religious or cultural education. Authorities reportedly have summarily renamed children with Han Chinese names.
Recently, one of the top Communist Party officials in Xinjiang, Shohrat Zakir, described captives, who have been beaten and starved, as “trainees” who were happy to participate in “such kinds of art and sports,” which had allowed them to “realize how colorful life can be.”
“Colorful” is not a word we would use to describe a gulag. Beijing presumably recognizes as much; international observers are not allowed to visit the camps without prior notice.
What makes this intolerable situation even worse is China’s consistent misuse of “counterterrorism” as a pretext for gross human rights abuses. To repeat: The repressive campaign in Xinjiang is not counterterrorism. It’s one more chapter in Beijing’s long history of oppressing Tibetan Buddhists, Christians and the Falun Gong.
In the process, China is eroding the long-standing and hard-won international consensus on how to fight real terrorists, with law enforcement, information-sharing, border security and other measures. It is a consensus that the United States and its partners have painstakingly built. Beijing’s sweeping repression makes a mockery of genuine and necessary counterterrorism efforts around the world.
China, like many nations, has suffered from terrorist attacks, including in Xinjiang. Dozens of Chinese citizens have been killed by terrorists over the past decade, in China and abroad. But Beijing cannot disingenuously use these deaths to conflate the peaceful religious practices of Chinese Muslims with terrorism. Nothing can justify the massive and brutal scope of Chinese repression.
Terrorism is a genuine threat to all of us. The United States is ready to work with willing partners in combating all real forms of terrorism, but it will not remain silent when governments commit atrocities under the guise of counterterrorism. Counterterrorism and human rights go hand in hand — they are mutually reinforcing — and the United States will speak out for both, with allies and adversaries alike.
What China is doing is not counterterrorism. It is ugly repression, on a mass scale, enabled by modern technology. It is the Big Brother we all fear. If China expects to be treated as a respectable member of the world’s counterterrorism community, it must stop. And it must immediately release all those it has arbitrarily detained.
Read more: https://wapo.st/2QejvET?tid=ss_mail&utm_term=.30916a90e135