Secretary Michael R. Pompeo at a Press Availability 
美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, D.C.）
2020年4月22日
国务卿迈克尔·蓬佩奥（Michael R. Pompeo）在记者会上发表讲话
新闻简报室
[摘译]
国务卿蓬佩奥：诸位上午好。对于居住在时区已经是星期四的诸位，祝莱麦丹斋月（Ramadan）快乐。
我想先谈谈3个值得纪念的日子。
首先，我们缅怀当年斯里兰卡在复活节（Easter Sunday）遭遇恐怖主义袭击时被杀害的人士。昨天恰逢一周年。
然后是这个星期本届政府每年纪念的大屠杀受难者日（Holocaust Days of Remembrance）。今年是当时众多纳粹集中营获得解放75周年。当年大量无辜人士被杀害，其中包括600万犹太人。我们通过亲历者的经历得到见证，要求这类惨无人道的罪恶事件永远不再重演。
另外就是地球日（Earth Day），特别需要强调联合国秘书长古特雷斯（Guterres）今天上午发表致辞，呼吁让我们的复苏成为正确行事的好机会。我希望提醒每一个人，为了以正确的方式使全世界走向更绿色、更清洁、更光明的未来，需要有民营部门的创造性和自由的市场竞争。这正是我们在美国所做的工作，而且将继续是我们努力的方向。我们在降低任何类型的排放方面都领先于全世界。
举一个很简单的数据：根据2005年到2018年我们近几年的统计数字，即使我们的经济增长了25%， 但美国的排放却降低了10%以上。与此相反，中国自2006年以来始终是每年最大的排放国，预计中国的排放量将继续增长到2030年，从而抵消了世界各国为降低全球排放取得的进展。我要求秘书长古特雷斯确保我们得到正确的统计数字，得到真实的情况，说明谁真正为我们高度重视的问题做出了实际贡献。在地球日这一天，地球日50周年到来之际，我认为这一点特别重要。
谈到世界卫生组织（World Health Organization），我想花几分钟时间让美国人民多了解一些我们正积极要求解决的各种问题。
世界卫生组织有两个基本功能。首先，世界卫生组织发挥监督和咨询的作用，首要任务是负责卫生紧急援助和人道主义援助行动。
2003年第一次发生严重急性呼吸系统综合症（SARS）的时候，美国主导了世界卫生组织的改革，涉及世界卫生组织的条例，规定各国应该如何通报公共卫生受到威胁的情况。为此，2003年进行了重大改革。
这些条例被称为《国际卫生条例》（International Health Regulations ），于2007年生效。
我们提出了十分明确的要求。我们——全世界——提出了十分明确的要求，规定每一个国家必须为保护全球健康公布相关数据。
例如，国际卫生条例第6条规定，“每个缔约国应当……在24小时内向世卫组织通报在本国领土内发生……有可能构成国际关注的突发公共卫生情况的所有事件……。”
同一条例的附录2规定，各国必须向世界卫生组织通报任何不寻常或意外的公共卫生事件，例如SARS。SARS是导致COVID-19的病毒基因近亲。
这些条例还规定各国应该注意什么时候向世界卫生组织通报不明原因或不明来源的疾病。
我们坚信中国共产党未能及时向世界卫生组织通报新型冠状病毒疫情。
国际卫生条例第6条，也是这次改革的内容之一，进一步要求缔约国，其中也应包括中国，“应当继续及时向世卫组织报告它得到的关于所通报事件的确切和充分详细的公共卫生信息……，”说明这是一项持续的义务。
即使在中国共产党未向世界卫生组织通报冠状病毒疫情后，中国也未提供得到的全部信息。
相反，中国隐瞒了这种疾病的危险性，未通报人传人的现象，持续了一个月之久，直至中国境内每一个省份都发生了疫情。中国对试图向全世界发出警告的人员进行钳制，下令停止检测新的样本并销毁了现有的样本。
中国共产党至今仍未向外部世界提供中国境内病毒的样本，使追踪疾病演进的工作无法开展。
世界卫生组织至今尚未对中国有关遵守国际卫生条例的问题做出法律决定，其监督的功能在这场疫情爆发期间显然未能发挥作用。
我还需要指出，当各国于2007年采取这些新条例时，我们还鼓励并使世界卫生组织总干事有能力对外公布某成员国未能遵守这些条例的情况。但是这一次也没有能够做到。
正是因为如此，按照世界卫生组织的条例，我们继续坚持这是对透明和开放的一个持续性要求，今天世界卫生组织有责任继续执行这些条例。保持透明和正确执行是今天和今后挽救生命的关键。
我需要花一点时间谈谈人道主义援助。美国是全球最慷慨的国家，过去3年来一贯如此，今年仍将如此。
由于美国纳税人做出的贡献，过去20年来我们已经为全球卫生事业提供了1,400多亿美元的全球资金。
今天，我可以确定地说，美国正在追加约2.7亿美元资金帮助情况最危急的国家抗击病毒，至今我们提供的总资金已超过7.75亿美元。
我们通过多种方式从事这项工作。我们通过多边组织进行。我们通过提供专业技术帮助我们的伙伴。今天，疾病控制与预防中心在59个国家有驻在人员，多年来已协助世界各地训练了数千名流行病学家，使他们以自己的知识做出了不同寻常的重要贡献。
诸位都应该知道，这为有关国家提供了帮助，在这些国家挽救了生命。但这是一场全球疫情，这方面的工作也为我们美国国内提供了保护。
在危地马拉报告第一例COVID病例几周前，美国国际发展署(USAID)帮助那里的卫生部（Ministry of Health）为一所关键医院配备设备，以便开始照护第一批患者。
今天，美国还在印度尼西亚各地培训70,000多名药剂师，使他们能够提供良好的建议和转诊信息。
美国的慷慨不仅限于我们提供的直接来自于美国政府的援助。我们的公司企业、我们的非政府组织、慈善机构以及所有信仰团体——这是一项全美齐努力的方针，在世界各地拯救生命并在国内这里保护我们自己。
我们估算美国人民仅仅为抗击这种特定病毒已合计提供了近30亿美元捐赠和援助。
美国对全球健康的承诺依然一如既往地稳固。
接着再谈最后两点。我想强调说明中国共产党正在利用全世界对COVID-19冠状病毒危机的全副关注来继续其挑衅行为的两种方式。
首先，我们谈到了在香港发生的情况，在北京侵损自治的日益增加的活动中，执法当局逮捕了亲民主活动人士，其中包括81岁的李柱铭（Martin Lee）。我们一直表示中国有义务履行其承诺、其义务——正如我之前谈到病毒时所言——履行其制定的以及签字认可的规则。我们在这里要求他们继续这样做。
你们也看到中国共产党正在向台湾施加军事压力，并在南中国海胁迫其邻国，甚至做出——甚至撞沉一艘越南渔船。
美国强烈反对中国的霸凌行为；我们希望其他国家也追究他们的责任。今晚。我本人将和老挝外长共同主持一次同每个东盟（ASEAN）成员的通话。
我也想指出，我们现在正进一步制定2019年《国防授权法案》（NDAA）中的法律所要求的禁止在美国设施使用华为及其他不可信任的供应商的执行政策。
进入美国的设施的数据必须要走一条清洁路径（Clean Path），而且只能存在于并经由可信任的系统传输。过不了太久我们会就此提供全部细节。
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问：……。关于中国，有数百万件个人防护用品在中国搁置，尽管美国公司已经买下了它们。你认为个人防护用品被耽搁是因为官僚手续，是中国要努力保证优质，还是因为中国其实是在囤积，不让美国得到？谢谢。
蓬佩奥国务卿：对你的第二个问题，我将让副总统的特别工作组来谈那些物资和运输。好消息是，我们已经看到中国提供那些资源。有时候它们是来自在中国的美国公司，但是我们取得了成功。副总统和他的工作组谈到了将产品从中国送到美国人民这里的空中桥梁，我们对此感谢。我们期待中国将继续履行自己的合同义务和国际义务，向我们提供那一援助，以符合所有国际贸易规则的方式——这些往往是商务交易——向我们出售那些物资。
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问：……。你认为中国的行为——你所说的假信息——你认为它将对与美国的长期关系产生什么影响？你认为会造成严重损害吗？
蓬佩奥国务卿：……。
就中国而言，愿意成为国际景观一部分的国家都有责任信息实事求是——他们有责任分享，并且透明和开放。这是我们对每一个国家的期待。我所认为的——我想你指的人们所说的假信息。力图转嫁责任或者不让世界进入以便弄清正在发生什么情况——你要记住，这些实验室在中国国内仍然运作，这些实验室有正在被研究的复杂的病原体。这并不只是武汉病毒研究所。中国国内有许多操作这些东西的实验室。非常需要以安全保险的方式操作这些材料，以便不会发生意外洩露。
我们在美国国内有一套复杂的制度做到这点。许多国家也是这样。我们有许多制度——我给你们举一个核环境的例子，核设施接受国际检查以便确保是在用正确的方式操作。美国投入很多资金培训其他国家，帮助他们用正当的方式操作核材料。我们必须确保中国政府以正当的方式操作那些材料，不仅在武汉病毒研究所，而且在其他地方。所以，这是中国政府时刻负有的责任，也是世界卫生组织时刻负有的责任，它对遵守规则负有责任。
我希望我说的这些没有让你们感到乏味，但非常有必要知道，中国共产党是签署了一套国际规定的。我们不是在实行美国的规则，这些是中国政府签署加入的规则，世界卫生组织负有持续不断的责任——不仅仅是在当时12月，而是持续的责任，确保那些规则在今天得到遵守，从而不仅在当前的大流行疫情中保护我们，而且在未来也是如此。
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问：鉴于中国政府未能及时通报世卫组织，你认为中国政府要向其他国家或个人赔偿吗？另外，就像你谈到中国国内有多个实验室，你如何评估中国对这些危险材料的操作方式？你认为他们做得足够充分吗？
蓬佩奥国务卿：我将把问责这部分内容留到另一天谈，也就是我们怎样追究责任以及如何要求其他国家承担责任。这里只说一点，一套规则——世卫组织一套规则本身就是要各国遵守其职责，它针对不遵守职责的国家给予了世卫组织总干事极大的权威，我们期待所有签署《国际卫生条例》（International Health Regulations）的国家和世卫组织领导予以执行。所以我们在期待这点。我们的期待不仅针对追溯过去，而且在今天继续。
第二个问题是什么， 里奇（Rich）？
问：你提到中国境内多个实验室。
蓬佩奥国务卿：对。我将不就此发表评论。我要说的是，比较容易回答的问题是这些实验室不仅是否遵守规则，而且是否是在以充分、安全和保险的方式操作这以材料，世界是否能够进入那些 地方，他们是否将以公开和透明的方式分享信息，尽管——总统说到这点——我们曾努力在初期进入看看正在发生什么情况，一开始与世界卫生组织一道进去；如果我记得不错的话，那应该是在1月份。我们仍然没有病毒样本，世界也仍无法进到那些设施或这个病毒可能在武汉发源的其他地方。
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Michael R. Pompeo, Secretary of State
Washington, D.C.
Press Briefing Room
SECRETARY POMPEO:
I want to lead off with three commemorations.
First, we remember those slain in terrorist attacks in Sri Lanka on Easter Sunday. That was one year ago yesterday.
Second, this week the administration honors the annual Holocaust Days of Remembrance. This is the 75th anniversary year of the liberation of many Nazi concentration camps where so many innocent people were murdered, including 6 million Jews. We bear witness to their stories so that such repugnant acts of evil will never happen again.
Third, it’s Earth Day, and especially in light of Secretary-General Guterres’ message released this morning to turn our recovery into a real opportunity to do the right thing, I want to remind everyone that the right way to achieve a greener, cleaner, brighter future for the world is to unleash private innovation and free market competition. It’s what we’ve done here in the United States but continue to be our model, and we are a world leader in reducing all types of emission.
One simple data point: From 2005 to 2018, the most recent year we have data, U.S. emissions decreased by more than 10 percent even as our economy grew by 25 percent. China, conversely, has been the largest annual emitter since 2006 and it expects that its emissions will continue to grow until around 2030, thus offsetting the progress of countries all around the world in reducing global emissions. I would urge Secretary Guterres to make sure we have the data right, the facts right about who is actually delivering on the things that we all value. And on Earth Day, the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, I think that’s especially important.
Turning to the World Health Organization, I want to spend a few minutes telling the American people a little bit more about the problems that we’re trying to work our way through.
The WHO has two primary functions. First, it’s a regulator and an advisory role, and a health emergency and humanitarian aid operation on top of that.
After the first SARS outbreak in 2003, the United States led the reform of the WHO, the WHO rules that govern how countries report on public health threats. So a major reform effort at 2003.
Those rules – they’re called the International Health Regulations – went into effect in 2007.
We set very clear expectations. We – the world – set very clear expectations for how every country must disclose data to protect global health.
For example, Article 6 of the IHR says that “each State Party shall notify the World Health Organization…within 24 hours…of all events which may constitute a public health emergency of international concern within its territory…”
Annex 2 of those same rules provides that countries must notify the World Health Organization of any unusual or unexpected public health events such as SARS, a close genetic cousin of the virus that causes COVID-19.
Those rules also said how countries should evaluate when to notify the WHO of diseases of unknown causes or sources.
We strongly believe that the Chinese Communist Party did not report the outbreak of the new coronavirus in a timely fashion to the World Health Organization.
Article 6 of the IHRs, which was a part of this reform, further mandates that a State Party – that would include China – “shall continue to communicate to WHO timely, accurate and sufficiently detailed public health information…” That is, there’s an ongoing obligation.
Even after the CCP did notify the WHO of the coronavirus outbreak, China didn’t share all of the information it had.
Instead, it covered up how dangerous the disease is. It didn’t report sustained human-to-human transmission for a month until it was in every province inside of China. It censored those who tried to warn the world, it ordered a halt to testing of new samples, and it destroyed existing samples.
The CCP still has not shared the virus sample from inside of China with the outside world, making it impossible to track the disease’s evolution.
Not making a legal determination here today on China’s adherence to the IHRs, but the World Health Organization’s regulatory arm clearly failed during this pandemic.
I’d also note that when countries adopted these new rules in 2007, we also gave the director-general of the WHO encouragement and the ability to go public when a member-country wasn’t following those rules, and that didn’t happen in this case either.
It’s why we continue to insist this is an ongoing requirement for transparency and openness according to the WHO rules, and the WHO has responsibility to continue to enforce them today. This transparency and getting it right is critical to saving lives today and in the future.
I’ll talk for just a minute about humanitarian aid. The United States is the most generous nation on the planet, has been for the past three years, will continue to be this year.
Thanks to the American taxpayers, we’ve dedicated more than $140 billion in global funding for global health purposes in the past two decades.
Today I can confirm the United States is making an additional commitment of about 270 million to assist the most at-risk countries in fighting the virus, bringing our total to more than $775 million to date.
We do this in lots of ways. We do this through multilateral organizations. We help our partners by sharing expertise. Today the CDC has officers stationed in 59 countries and has helped train thousands of epidemiologists worldwide over the years whose knowledge is providing incredibly valuable.
You should know it helps those countries, it saves lives in those countries, but this is a global pandemic and that work protects us right here at home in America as well.
Weeks before the first reported COVID case arrived in Guatemala, USAID helped the Ministry of Health there equip a key hospital to start caring for its first patients.
And the United States is training more than 70,000 pharmacists across Indonesia today so they can provide good advice and referrals.
American generosity isn’t limited to our assistance that comes directly from the United States Government. Our businesses, our NGOs, charities, all faith groups – this is an all-of-America approach to saving lives all across the world and protecting us right here at home as well.
We estimate that the American people, in cume, have given nearly $3 billion in donations and assistance just to fight this particular virus.
America’s global health commitments remain as steady as ever.
Move on to a couple final points. I want to highlight two ways in which the Chinese Communist Party is exploiting the world’s focus on COVID-19 crisis by continuing its provocative behavior.
First, we commented on what’s taking place in Hong Kong, where amidst increased efforts by Beijing to erode autonomy, law enforcement authorities have arrested pro-democracy activists, including 81-year-old Martin Lee. We’ve always said that China has an obligation to live up to its promises, its obligation – as I was speaking about the virus earlier – to live up to the rules that it put in place and it signed off on. We’d ask them to continue to do that here.
You’ve also seen that the Chinese Communist Party is exerting military pressure on Taiwan and coercing its neighbors in the South China Sea, even going so far as to have – so far as to sink a Vietnamese fishing vessel.
The United States strongly opposes China’s bullying; we hope other nations will hold them to account, too. Tonight I’ll be on a phone call cochaired by myself and my Laotian counterpart with every ASEAN member.
I want to note, too, that we are now well along in developing the implementing policies required by the law in the NDAA of 2019 prohibiting use of Huawei and other untrusted vendors in U.S. facilities.
Data that come into U.S. facilities will have to follow a Clean Path and reside and transit only through trusted systems. And we’ll provide full details on that before too long.
QUESTION: On China, there are millions of PPE items stuck in China despite the fact they’ve been bought by U.S. companies. Do you believe the PPE is stuck because of red tape, China trying to make sure the quality is high, or because China is actually hoarding them and keeping them from the U.S.? Thanks.
SECRETARY POMPEO: As for your second question, I’ll leave to the Vice President’s task force to talk about those goods and their transit. The good news is we have seen China provide those resources. Sometimes they’re from U.S. companies that are there in China, but we’ve had success. The Vice President and his team have talked about the air bridge that has delivered products to the American people from China, and we appreciate that. We are counting on China to continue to live up to its contractual obligations and international obligations to provide that assistance to us and to sell us those goods – often these are commercial transactions – in a way consistent with all of the international trade rules.
And then a broader question on China, if I may. How would you say that the Chinese behavior – this disinformation that you are talking about – what effect do you think that has on a long-term relationship with the U.S.? Do you think it will damage it significantly?
SECRETARY POMPEO:
As for China, nations that desire to be part of the global landscape have obligations for truthful information – they have obligations to share and be transparent and open. That’s our expectation for every country. What I think – I think you were referring to was you called it disinformation. Seeking to transfer responsibility or to deny access to the world so that the world can figure out what’s going on – you have to remember, these labs are still open inside of China, these labs that contain complex pathogens that were being studied. It’s not just the Wuhan Institute of Virology. There are multiple labs inside of China that are handling these things. It’s important that those materials are being handled in a safe and secure way such that there isn’t accidental release.
We have an elaborate regime inside the United States to do that. Many countries do it as well. We have lots of regimes wher