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助理国务卿罗伊斯在EdUSA论坛上的讲话
2019年7月30日负责教育和文化事务的助理国务卿玛丽·罗伊斯EducationUSA论坛，华盛顿DC
2019年7月30日星期二下午12:15
讲稿
美国欢迎中国学生
美国欢迎国际学生。我们希望未来的学生和他们的家人把美国视为一个热情友好的求学之地。我们珍视在我们的校园、我们的社区和我们国家的中国学生。
我今天要特别讲一讲中国学生，因为他们在海外学生中占了很大比例。同时我也要对人们关于美国政府对中国学生和学者所持立场的误解做出澄清。
特朗普总统最近清楚地表示：“我们想要中国学生来我们优秀的学校就读，我们优秀的大学。他们一直是很棒的学生和巨大的财富。”
用总统的话讲，“我们想要把这些[学生]留在这里。”我知道在最近几十年，你们和你们的同事做了许多工作来接待和欢迎中国学生。谢谢你们所有的努力。
目前有超过100万名国际学生（1,094,792）在美国就读。在美国求学的中国学生的数量在过去十年翻了两番，去年达到36万余人的新高，比位列其后的7个国家的总和还要多。
美国继续招收符合资格的中国学生到美国的学院和大学就读。和你可能从中国政府那里听到的相反，过去四年中，中国学生被拒签的人数每一年都在下降。这表明对中国学生来说，接受美国高等教育对变得越来越容易了。
国务部的EducationUSA团队在中国高度参与，接触中国的学生和父母，帮助他们找到合适的美国高校，让他们为这里的学习和生活做好准备。
中国学生仅在2018年一年就为美国经济贡献了150亿美元，使得国际教育成为我们国家最大的出口产品之一。从外交关系的角度来看，培养的友谊、共享的价值观以及建立的人际网络甚至比这些中国学生的经济贡献还要重要。我知道在座的每一个人都致力于这一目标。
作为一名曾经的大学教育工作者和交流项目的参与者，我和你们一样，了解国际学生在课堂内外皆可获得的那种带来转变的体验。通过他们的学习、课外活动和社区参与，我们希望中国学生在美国期间能有这种体验，并为我们的社区做出有价值的贡献。
不管他们选择在学术机构、科学实验室、商业社区还是在外交岗位工作，美国大学的中国校友是美中关系的基础——并且他们在未来也会继续如此。
当中国的领导者通过在这里学习获得对美国的深入体验时，美国和整个世界都从中受益。
我们旨在为中国学生提供热情友好的环境
今天我想在这里再次感谢美国高校的500名领导者。为中国学生——以及所有国际学生——提供高质量和安全的教育环境，让他们与美国人一道生活和学习，在这方面，你们的努力不可或缺。
通过在课堂内外都支持和帮助中国学生进行互动，我们帮助他们了解美国文化和美国价值观。我们希望他们能培养友谊并使其发展成终身的个人和职业网络。
美国学生同样从中国学生身上学到东西。美国人获得对于中国文化的重要而深入的理解，并学着去理解看待世界的新视角。他们获得知识、技能和感悟，这些都为雇主所重视，也让他们未来的学习和职业生涯受益。
美国高校必须更好地确保中国学生充分从在美学习中受益
美国有4700所大学和学院，以及全球最优秀的高等教育系统。有机会来美国学习是极为有幸的改变人生的事。然而遗憾的是，有太多中国学生没能充分从在美国的这段时间中受益。
仅仅吸引这些学生来美国是不够的。我们必须确保国际学生——尤其是那些来自中国的学生——充分融入和体验我们的社区。正如大家知道的，在中国学生人数众多的诸多美国高校，中国学生太容易自行扎堆，进而错失与他们的美国同学及其他国际学生同吃同生活同学习的机会。
我们知道很多高校在努力帮助想要与美国同学交朋友的中国学生。但许多中国学生还是觉得和美国同学交朋友有困难，这也容易导致他们感到孤立、孤单和脆弱。一些学校努力正确保国际学生在获得一流的美国教育的同时不会错失开拓眼界并充分从在美国生活中受益的机会，我们为这些学校鼓掌。
中国学生身处一个政治宣传的气泡中
尽管身在美国，但许多中国学生仍然牢牢地和中国绑定。社交媒体在其中发挥了强效的作用。
近期一项研究表明，超过90%的中国受访者（目前正在美国一所大学就读的约1000名中国学生）表示将微信作为他们首要的线上联系方式。微信是中国主要的社交媒体平台，受到政府的严密监控。
约84％的受访者表示仅仅依赖中国的网站获取有关美国的新闻。许多非中国的消息和社交媒体应用程序在中国遭禁用，因此中国学生必须用微信等应用程序才能与家乡的朋友和家人交流。
我们知道，中国共产党正积极力图让包括海外留学生在内的中国公民看到对美国失实的描述。中国学生从国家控制的媒体接收到铺天盖地的内容，这些内容由共产党策划，夸大在美国生活和学习的危险。
通过中国的社交媒体，中国学生继续以这种扭曲的视角来看待美国。这种源源不断的错误信息打造出一个恐惧的气泡，阻碍中国学生在美国期间与美国同学充分交往。
请允许我描述一下置身这样的一个气泡里是什么样的：
基于这种持续的消极、错误的说法，并且由于许多中国学生可能不愿与他们的美国同学进行深入互动，所以毫不意外，在近期一项研究中，只有16％的受访者表示来到美国之后他们对美国的看法有所改观。
大约42％的受访者表示实际上他们的对美国的看法变得更糟了。虽然这项研究访问的学生人数有限，但它针对部分在美中国学生的经历和态度提出了深刻的见解。
与中国不同，美国不对外国节目进行审查。中国学生可以直接收看中国由国家运营的电视节目。但是将中国中央电视台或其他国家电视台作为获取娱乐和政治新闻的唯一或主要来源是有后果的。
例如，一部名为《带着爸爸去留学》的热播中国电视剧刻画了一位和在美国留学的儿子一起生活的中国父亲，并将美国描绘成一个不适合居住和学习的危险的地方。
现实情况是，美国的大学和学院把学生安全作为头等大事来重视，对美国学生和国际学生都是如此，而且美国校园对于国际学生来说是安全、友好的环境。
尽管如此，鉴于这些负面故事的警示，如果中国学生带着先入为主的消极观念来到美国，那也并不令人意外。
即使是到美国之后，源源不断的中国政治宣传可能仍会继续塑造他们对我们国家的看法——即便他们生活在加利福尼亚、堪萨斯、内布拉斯加、纽约、德克萨斯或是其他地方——除非他们能够亲身充分体验美国的实际情况。
我们必须共同努力，确保中国学生在我们的校园和我们的社区中能有充满活力和全面充分的体验，并尽可能广泛地接触我们的社会和我们的人民。
美国有着多元的媒体，以及众多新闻和媒体资源。感谢今天来到这里的新闻界人士。我们希望中国学生体验我们充满活力的媒体和资讯文化，并获得工具来亲自辨别可以从何处找到可靠的信息来源。
美国的高等教育体验就是要获得批判性思考的技能、拥有表达自由，以及培养独立思考。这些是我们希望国际学生身处美国时能够汲取的价值观和技能。
美国重视学术自由。美国大学校园是学生辩论思想、挑战观点和寻求对世界的新认知的场所。美国高等教育在保护言论自由和开放性探究方面有着悠久的传统。公开辩论是我们的教育体系最重要的根基——也是美国人的生活方式。
在社交媒体之外，与这里的中国外交使团互动的中国学生学者联合会可以对我们校园中的中国学生产生不当影响并施加压力。他们正在扼杀言论并限制个人表达的机会。人们也对孔子学院的角色表示了关切。
在美国的学生必须能够自由地表达他们的观点，不觉得有压力要去审查自己的言论或避免参加美国校园中的其他正当活动。
有可靠的报道称，中国政府官员向中国学生施加压力让他们代表中国政府监控其他学生并相互打小报告。我们自己已经亲耳听说过很多这样的故事了。
我们需要确保在我们校园中的学生被鼓励发声，即使在意见不一致的情况下也要尊重他人的观点。另一件众所周知的事情是，中国官员向中国学生施加压力并支付费用让他们参加共产党赞助的政治抗议活动和反抗议活动。我们能够而且将会有力反击中国政府在美国校园限制言论自由的努力。
此外，我们必须设法确保中国学生和交换学者不受到自己政府的压力去从事超出正当学术追求范围的活动。
我们在情报界和执法界的伙伴已经识别出日益增多的案例，在这些案例中外国情报机构吸收了学者、研究人员和其他个人在美国停留期间代表外国政府开展活动。
美国将竭尽全力保护所有学生——尤其是中国学生——不受专制政府的控制。对哪怕一名在美国的中国学生或学者进行胁迫都是不可接受的，中国安全部门没有理由让本国公民获得的美国签证面临风险。
我们严肃对待在学术界和商界中的间谍威胁。已有签证和法律程序来面对这一问题。同时，我们不会容忍知识产权盗窃。
但我要说清楚：这只占更大人群中非常小的百分比。在2019年，只有万分之一个百分点——0.0001％的中国学生签证申请人因这些原因被拒绝。
按照已确立的学术研究伦理指导方针行事的学生和研究人员无需担心。然而，那些不遵守规则的人——无论他们来自哪个国家——都应该预料到后果。
我知道你们和我们有着共同的目标：让在美国的教育经历成为所有国际学生的一段积极的、带来转变的体验，让他们了解和理解美国的价值观。我们知道你们在你们的校园和国际项目中有支持学术自由的有力传统和记录。
人权观察组织已经在这些最佳做法的基础上做出努力，制定了一个可在美国和国外应用的12点行为准则，以确保言论自由、表达自由和学术诚信。当国际学生获准毫无阻碍地参与合法的学术活动并完全沉浸在校园生活时，我们都会受益。
美国高等教育必须促进中国留学生融入校园生活
你们中许多人在欢迎国际学生和帮他们融入方面拥有丰富的专业知识。这是美国校园里学习最具吸引力的特色之一。
今天，我要求你们所有人加倍努力。不仅要欢迎中国学生来到你们的校园，还要确保他们有各种机会充分体验美国课堂、我们的文化和社区。
以下是我们观察到的一些最佳做法：
国际教育应该是一种带来转变的体验——它应该使人们敞开胸怀了解新的文化和新的想法。
我们无法改变中国学生在来美国之前关于美国听到些什么、想些什么。但我们可以确保，一旦他们到这里，我们会：
今天对中国学生投入将有助于未来的美中关系
许多中国学生对中国、美国和世界的现实的理解可能会受到从他们的政府那里接收的不准确信息的影响。你们身处帮助解决这一关键问题的前沿。
美国必须用事实来对抗政治宣传、不实信息和虚假说辞。但这不是我们在政府可以独立完成的事情。我们需要一起做这件事。
中国学生来到美国，从我们世界一流的高校获益，增强他们的批判性思考，了解美国，并结识美国人民。我们希望他们在这些努力中取得成功，并更好地了解我们的民主、法治和自由制度。
我们今天培养的人民间的联系将塑造我们两国未来的关系。 谢谢。

Assistant Secretary Royce Remarks at the EdUSA Forum
July 30, 2019
Marie RoyceAssistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural AffairsEducationUSA Forum, Washington, DCTuesday, July 30, 2019, 12:15 p.m.
Remarks as prepared
The United States Welcomes Chinese Students
International students are welcome in the United States. We want future students and their families to see the United States as a welcoming destination to earn their degrees. We value the presence of students from China on our campuses, in our communities, and in our country.
I’ll focus my remarks today on Chinese students in particular, because they make up a large proportion of students from abroad. Also to clarify misperceptions people have on the U.S. government’s stance on students and scholars from China.
President Trump recently made clear, “We want to have Chinese students come and use our great schools, our great universities. They have been great students and tremendous assets.”
In the President’s words, “We want to keep these [students] here.” I know you and your colleagues have done so much to host and welcome Chinese students in recent decades. Thank you for all of your efforts.
More than one million international students (1,094,792) currently study in the United States. The number of Chinese students studying in America has quadrupled in the past decade, to a new high of over 360,000 last year, more than the next seven countries combined.
The United States continues to admit qualified Chinese students for study at U.S. colleges and universities. Contrary to what you might have heard from the Government of China, the number of Chinese student visa applications refused has declined each of the last four years. This demonstrates that U.S. higher education is increasingly accessible to Chinese students.
The Department of State’s EducationUSA team is highly engaged in China, reaching out to Chinese students and parents, helping them find the right U.S. institution, and preparing them for study and life here.
Chinese students contributed 15 billion dollars to the U.S. economy in 2018 alone, making international education one of our country’s top exports. From a foreign relations standpoint, the friendships that are formed, the values shared, and the networks created, are even more important than the economic contributions of these Chinese students. I know everyone in this room is committed to this goal.
As a former university educator and exchange participant, I, like you, understand the transformative experience that international students can have both in and out of the classroom. Through their studies, extra-curricular activities and community engagement, we want Chinese students to have that experience and make valuable contributions to our communities while they are here.
Chinese alumni of American universities, whether they choose to work in academic institutions, scientific labs, business communities, or diplomatic postings, are the foundation of U.S.-China relations – and they will continue to be in the future.
When Chinese leaders have in-depth experience of the United States through study here, it benefits the United States and the world at large.
We Aim to Provide a Welcoming Environment for Chinese Students
I again want to thank the 500 leaders of U.S. higher education institutions here today. Your efforts are essential to provide a high quality and safe educational environment for Chinese students — and all international students — to live and study alongside Americans.
By supporting and facilitating Chinese students’ interactions, both in and out of the classroom, we help them understand American culture and American values. We want them to form friendships that develop into lifelong personal and professional networks.
U.S. students similarly learn from their Chinese counterparts. Americans gain important insights into Chinese culture and learn to appreciate new perspectives on the world. They acquire knowledge, skills, and understanding that are valued by employers and that benefit their future studies and careers.
U.S. Institutions Must do Better in Ensuring Chinese Students Fully Benefit from Their Studies in the United States
The United States has the finest higher education system in the world with 4,700 universities and colleges. The opportunity to study here is an enormous privilege that is life-changing. Unfortunately, however, too many Chinese students do not receive the full benefit of their time in the United States.
It is not enough just to attract these students to the United States. We must ensure international students – particularly those from China – fully integrate and experience our communities. As you know, at many U.S. institutions with significant numbers of Chinese students, it is all too easy for Chinese students to cluster together – missing the chance to live, study, and eat alongside their American and international peers.
We know that many institutions are working hard to help Chinese students who want to make friends with American peers. But many still find it difficult to do so, potentially leaving them feeling isolated, alone, and vulnerable. We applaud those schools who are making sure that international students getting a top-notch U.S. education don’t miss out on the opportunity to broaden their horizons and make the most of living in the United States.
Chinese Students Live in a Propaganda Bubble
While physically residing in the United States, many Chinese students remain strongly anchored in China. Social media plays a powerful role in this.
In a recent study, more than 90 percent of Chinese respondents (approximately 1,000 Chinese students currently studying at a university in the United States) reported using WeChat as their primary means of connecting online. WeChat is the main social media platform in China under strict government monitoring.
Approximately 84 percent of the respondents reported relying solely on Chinese websites for news about the United States. Many non-Chinese messaging and social media apps are banned in China, so Chinese students must use apps like We Chat to communicate with friends and family at home.
We know the Chinese Communist Party is actively working to provide an inaccurate picture of the United States to Chinese citizens, including overseas students. The state-controlled Chinese media inundates Chinese students with Communist Party-curated content that exaggerates the dangers of living and studying in the United States.
Through Chinese social media, Chinese students continue to view the United States through this distorted lens. This constant flow of misinformation creates a bubble of fear that discourages Chinese students from fully engaging with American peers while here in the United States.
Allow me to illustrate what it is like within one of these bubbles:
Based on this constant negative and false narrative, and because many Chinese students might be reluctant to have deep interactions with their American peers, it is no surprise that only 16 percent of respondents in a recent study indicated their perception of the United States had improved since coming here.
Approximately 42 percent of the respondents indicated actually having a worse perception. While this study is of a limited pool of students, it provides insight into the experiences and attitudes of some Chinese students in the United States.
Unlike China, there is no censorship of foreign broadcasts in the United States. Chinese students can directly access Chinese state-run television programming. But accessing CCTV or other state television as a sole or primary source of entertainment and political news has consequences.
For example, a popular Chinese television series called “Over the Sea I Come to You” depicts a Chinese father living with his son who is studying in America, and portrays the United States as a dangerous place to live and study.
The reality is, U.S. colleges and universities value student safety as the top priority for both domestic and international students, and U.S. campuses are safe, welcoming environments for international students.
Despite the facts, given the drumbeat of these negative stories, it should be no surprise if Chinese students arrive in the United States with negative preconceived notions.
Even after arriving here, the constant stream of Chinese propaganda might continue to shape their perceptions of our country – even though they are living in California, Kansas, Nebraska, New York, Texas, or elsewhere — unless they are able to fully experience the reality of the United States firsthand.
We must collectively work to ensure Chinese students have dynamic and full experiences on our campuses and in our communities, with the broadest possible exposure to our society and our people.
The United States is home to a pluralistic press, with a multitude of news and media sources. Thank you to the members of the press here with us today. We want Chinese students to experience our vibrant media and information culture and to gain the tools to discern for themselves where to find reliable sources of information.
A U.S. higher education experience is all about gaining critical thinking skills, having freedom of expression, and developing independent thought. Those are the values and skills we want international students to absorb while they are here.
Ensuring Freedom of Speech & Expression for all Students
The United States prizes academic freedom. U.S. college campuses are places for students to debate ideas, challenge viewpoints, and seek new understanding of the world. American higher education has a long tradition of protecting free speech and open inquiry. Open debate is the very foundation of our education system – and the American way of life.
Beyond social media, Chinese Students & Scholars Associations, which interact with Chinese diplomatic missions here, can have undue influence and exert pressure on Chinese students on our campuses. They are stifling speech and limiting opportunities for personal expression. Concerns have also been expressed about the role of Confucius Institutes.
Students in the United States must be free to express their views, without feeling pressured to censor their speech or avoid taking part in other legitimate activities on U.S. campuses.
There are credible reports of Chinese government officials pressuring Chinese students to monitor other students and report on one another on behalf of the Chinese government. We have heard many of these stories ourselves first hand.
We need to ensure students on our campuses are encouraged to speak up, as well as respect the views of others even if they do not agree. Chinese officials are also known to pressure and pay Chinese students to participate in Communist Party-sponsored political protests and counter-protests. We can and will push back hard against the Chinese government’s efforts to chill free speech on American campuses.
In addition, we must seek to ensure Chinese students and exchange scholars are not pressured by their own government to engage in activities beyond the scope of legitimate academic pursuits.
Our partners in the intelligence and law enforcement communities have identified an increasing number of instances in which foreign intelligence services have co-opted individual academics, researchers, and others to conduct activities on behalf of foreign governments during their stay in the United States.
The United States will do everything in our power to protect all students, especially Chinese students, from authoritarian government control. Coercion of even a single Chinese student or scholar in the United States is unacceptable, and there is no excuse for the Chinese security apparatus to put at risk the U.S. visas granted to its own citizens.
We take the threat of espionage in academia and the business community seriously. There are visa and legal procedures in place to confront the issue. Also, we will not tolerate the theft of intellectual property.
But let me be clear: this is a very small percentage of the greater population. In 2019, only one ten thousandth of a percent – .0001 percent of student visa applicants from China have been refused on these grounds.
Students and researchers who act within established ethical guidelines of academic research have nothing to worry about. Those who do not follow the rules, however, regardless of national origin, should expect consequences.
I know you share our goal of making educational experiences in the United States a positive and transformative experience for all international students, allowing them to learn about and understand American values. We know you have a strong tradition and track record of supporting academic freedom on your campuses and in your international programs.
Human Rights Watch has attempted to build on these best practices and produced a 12-point code of conduct that can be used in the United States and abroad to ensure freedom of speech, expression, and academic integrity. When international students are allowed to engage, unimpeded, in legitimate academic activities and fully immerse themselves in campus life, we all benefit.
U.S. Higher Education Must Contribute to Integrating Chinese Students on Campus
Many of you have significant expertise in welcoming and integrating international students. It’s one of the great attractions of study on a campus in the United States.
Today, I ask all of you to double down on your efforts. To not only welcome Chinese students to your campuses, but to ensure they have every opportunity to fully experience the American classroom, our culture, and our communities.
Here are a few best practices we have observed:
An international education should be a transformative experience – it should open one’s mind to new cultures and new ideas.
We cannot change what Chinese students hear and think about the United States before they arrive. But we can ensure that, once they get here, we:
Investing in Chinese Students Today will Contribute to Future U.S.-China Relations
Many Chinese students’ understanding of the reality of China, the United States, and the world may be shaped by inaccurate messages they are receiving from their government. You are on the frontlines to help address this critical issue.
The United States must confront propaganda, misinformation, and false narratives with facts. But this is not something we in the government can do on our own. We need to do this together.
Chinese students come to the United States to benefit from our world-class educational institutions, to strengthen their critical thinking, to see the United States and get to know the American people. We want them to succeed in these endeavors, and to gain a better understanding of our system of democracy, rule of law, and liberty.
The people-to-people connections we foster today will shape the future relationship of our two countries. Thank you.