美国国务院
发言人办公室
华盛顿特区
2022年6月24日
德国柏林
布林肯国务卿：安娜莱娜（Annalena），非常感谢你。我想我们的电邮服务可能比其他一些同事的更好，但我的确要感谢你和感谢德国，使我们大家在这个关键时刻能够在此相聚。我非常感谢所有与会人士，但尤其要感谢其人民在这场粮食危机中首当其冲的国家的代表，我们非常期待直接倾听你们的声音，了解我们如何能够更有效地共同满足你们的需要，你们人民的需要。
我们听到了数字，我们看到了近几年不断加剧的危机。人民过着严重缺乏粮食保障的生活，换言之，人们因为食不果腹导致其生命和生计面临直接危险：2016年大约有1.08亿人；去年为1.93亿人，这是根据联合国的估计。现在，据世界银行统计，俄罗斯对乌克兰这个长期以来的世界粮仓之一发起的无端战争，将把严重缺乏粮食保障的人口至少再扩大4000万。
那么，我们知道促成这一切的原因：气候、新冠病毒，如今又加上俄罗斯的入侵造成的冲突。俄罗斯军队正在把乌克兰的粮田粮仓化为荒土废墟，他们盗窃乌克兰的粮食和收割设备，封锁乌克兰港口的进入和出海通道。目前有大约2500万吨粮食滞留在乌克兰粮仓内，如果不予出口将会腐烂。未来几个月还会有千百万吨新收获的粮食，但是，俄罗斯的封锁导致粮食无法运出，造成乌克兰粮仓爆满，新粮将无处存放。
有一点我们必须非常明确，安娜莱娜早些时候曾经谈到；我想再次强调一下：当我们对俄罗斯实施制裁以使其尽快结束对乌克兰的侵略时，我们特意把农产品、肥料、保险以及运送这些产品所需的航运作为例外，为的就是避免粮食危机恶化。没有任何因素——没有任何因素在妨碍粮食和肥料从俄罗斯离境，而只有一个国家在阻止粮食和肥料从乌克兰离境，这个国家就是俄罗斯。
上个月，就像安娜莱娜所说，我召开了一次联合国安理会会议和部长级会议，努力帮助调动进一步的集体行动。我们做的事项之一是制定一个全球路线图，使国家承诺采取迅速、具体的步骤，把粮食送到全球各地有需要的人那里，并且针对未来的冲击建立更强大的复原力。94个国家已经加入了这个路线图，而且这个数字还在增加。那么现在，我们的责任是什么？我们的责任是将各国作出的承诺——通过路线图和其他倡议计划——转化为具体的、立即的行动。
几点建议：首先，更多国家需要增大新的实质性捐助，以满足紧迫的人道主义需求。世界粮食计划署、粮农组织等重要机构的工作——他们的运营成本已经大幅度上升。我们需要帮助他们填补其中的一些空白。自俄罗斯于 2 月发动侵略战争以来，美国已承诺提供近 28 亿美元的紧急粮食援助，包括增加对非洲之角、也门、黎巴嫩、海地等受灾最严重的国家和地区的援助。美国国会上个月批准了用于全球粮食安全和人道主义援助的 55 亿美元新资金。在未来的几周和几个月内，我们将能够做得更多，可以预期我们将很快宣布进一步的额外支持，包括总统将在七国集团会议上宣布的援助项目。
其次，我们必须加快由联合国牵头的努力，结束俄罗斯对通过黑海出口乌克兰粮食的封锁。
第三，我们必须通过生产更多化肥和更有效地加以利用来缩小全球化肥缺口。我们知道，如果农民没有化肥，产量就会下降。如果产量下降，粮食会更加稀缺；粮价将进一步上涨。随着疫情的爆发，化肥价格扶摇直上。俄罗斯的侵略行动更推动价格飞涨。无法获得化肥意味着许多低收入国家的粮食作物正在大幅减产。拜登总统承诺提供 5 亿美元来提高我们自己的化肥产量，并发起了一项全球挑战，筹资一亿美元，用于提高效率和开发替代品的新研究。
第四，政府必须抵制限制食品和化肥出口的诱惑。过去的危机表明，这样做只会使问题更加严重。
第五，我们需要在世界范围内大幅提高农业产能和复原力。这是我上个月在联合国部长级会议期间主持与非洲同行的会外讨论时反复听到的意见。为了实现这一目标，我们各自都在努力，例如美国的“未来食品保障”计划（Feed the Future，该计划每年为能力建设贡献 10 亿美元）；另外，我们还通过国际金融机构来利用投资。
第六，谈到这些机构，我们非常同意我们需要跟进国际金融机构内部的举措，以缓解粮食短缺造成的冲击，并允许各国在确保向本国人民提供足够食品的工作中享有更大的灵活性。
最后，我们需要加强信息共享和协调，以更好地识别需求并能够有效地满足需求。这是美国和七国集团其他成员上个月在柏林发起全球粮食安全联盟的指导理念之一。
最后我要说，我们听到了所有这些数字，我们也都提到日益严重的粮食安全问题。但我们知道的是：这些数字代表着人，真实的人，真实的生命，真实的生计，母亲、父亲、孩子。例如，当你们看到，在索马里，一位母亲带着她的一个孩子踏上了一段令人难以置信的危险旅程，试图为这个孩子和留下来的其他孩子寻找食物，在她到达目的地时，这个孩子因为未能及时得到食物而死在她怀里——设想这是你们的孩子；设想你们是那位母亲。想一想。作为人类，我们所有的人都不能视而不见。我们看到了苦难，我们知道我们可以为此做点什么。因此，让我们完成这项工作。
（掌声。）
 
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-during-the-uniting-for-global-food-security-conference/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。

REMARKS
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
THE FEDERAL FOREIGN OFFICE
BERLIN, GERMANY
JUNE 24, 2022
SECRETARY BLINKEN:  Annalena, thank you so much.  I guess our mail service was working better maybe than some of the colleagues, but I really want to thank you and thank Germany, for bringing us all together here in this place at this critical time.  And I’m very grateful to all the participants, but especially those from countries where people are bearing the brunt of this food crisis, and we very much look forward to hearing directly from you about what it is we can do together to more effectively meet your needs, the needs of your people.
We’ve heard about the numbers, and we’ve seen an accelerating crisis over the last few years. People living in acute food insecurity, that is when a person’s ability to consume adequate food puts their lives or livelihoods in immediate danger: 108 million people roughly in 2016; 193 million people last year according to the UN estimates.  Now, the World Bank calculates that Russia’s unprovoked war on Ukraine, long one of the world’s bread baskets, will add at least another 40 million people to the ranks of those who are severely food insecure.
So we know the drivers of all of this: climate, COVID, and now conflict with Russia’s aggression.  The Russian military is laying waste to Ukrainian farms and grain silos, stealing Ukrainian grain and the equipment needed to harvest it, blocking access to and from Ukrainian ports by the sea.  There are some 25 million tons of grain trapped in silos right now in Ukraine, where it will rot if it’s not exported.  Tens of millions more are being harvested in the coming months, but there’s no place to put them because Ukraine’s silos are full because it’s not able to move its grain thanks to the Russian blockade.
It’s very important that we be very clear about something, and Annalena said this earlier; I want to reinforce it:  When we imposed sanctions on Russia so that it would end its aggression against Ukraine as quickly as possible, we deliberately created exceptions for agricultural goods, for fertilizer, for insurance, and shipping necessary to move these products precisely to avoid worsening the food crisis.  Nothing – nothing is preventing food and fertilizer from leaving Russia, and only one country is blocking food and fertilizer from leaving Ukraine, and that is Russia.
Last month, as Annalena said, I convened a UN Security Council meeting and a ministerial to try to help galvanize further collective action.  One of the things we did was to create a global roadmap that commits countries to taking swift, concrete steps to get food to people around the world who need it now, and to build greater resilience to future shocks.  Ninety-four countries and counting have signed on to that roadmap.  So now, what’s our responsibility?  Our responsibility is to turn the commitments that countries have made – through the roadmap and other initiatives – into concrete, immediate action.
A few suggestions:  First, more countries need to step up with new substantial contributions to meet urgent humanitarian needs.  The work of critical organizations like the World Food Program, the Food and Agriculture Organization – their cost of doing business has gone up dramatically.  We need to help them fill some of these gaps.  Since the Russian aggression began in February, the United States has committed nearly $2.8 billion in emergency food assistance, including increasing our aid to countries and regions that were the hardest hit – in the Horn of Africa, Yemen, Lebanon, Haiti.  We have $5.5 billion in new funding for global food security and humanitarian assistance approved last month by the United States Congress.  We’ll be able to do even more in the weeks and months ahead, and you can expect further announcements of our additional support soon, including from the President at the G7 meeting.
Second, we have to accelerate efforts led by the United Nations to end Russia’s blocking of Ukrainian food exports through the Black Sea.
Third, we have to close the global fertilizer gap by both producing more fertilizer and using it more efficiently.  We know that if fertilizer is not getting to farmers, then yields will go down.  Yields go down; scarcity goes up; prices go up.  Fertilizer prices skyrocketed with the onset of the pandemic.  They shot up even further with Russia’s aggression.  Lack of access to fertilizer means many low-income countries are significantly reducing their production.  President Biden committed $500 million to boost our own fertilizer production and launched a global challenge to raise 100 million for new research on increasing efficiency as well as developing alternatives.
Fourth, governments have to resist the temptation to impose restrictions on the export of food and fertilizer.  Past crises have demonstrated that will only make the problem worse.
Fifth, we need to substantially increase agricultural capacity and resilience around the world.  This is something that I heard repeatedly when I hosted a meeting with African counterparts on the margins of our UN ministerial last month.  We’re hard at work at that both through individual efforts like our own Feed the Future initiative, which contributes a billion dollars a year to building capacity, and through leveraging investments through international financial institutions.
Sixth, speaking of those institutions, we very much agree that we need to follow up on initiatives within the international financial institutions to cushion food shocks and to give countries greater flexibility in what they do to make sure that they can feed their people.
Finally, we need to have greater information sharing and coordination to better identify needs and to be able to act efficiently to meet them.  That is one of the driving ideas behind the Global Alliance for Food Security, which we and other G7 members launched here in Berlin last month.
So let me conclude with this.  We hear all these numbers; we’ve all cited numbers of this growing food insecurity.  But what we know is this:  We know that those numbers are people, real people, real lives, real livelihoods, mothers, fathers, children.  And when you see, in Somalia, for example, a mother taking one of her children on an incredibly treacherous journey to try to find food somewhere for her child and the others that she’s left behind, and she makes it there and the child that she’s brought with her dies in her arms because she couldn’t get to the food in time – put your own kids in that position; put yourself in that position.  Just imagine.  As human beings, all of us have to be seized with this.  We see the suffering and we know we can do something about it.  So let’s get it done.
(Applause.)