白宫
华盛顿特区
2023年2月24日
 
简报：在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰一年之时，拜登政府宣布采取行动支持乌克兰并追究俄罗斯的罪责
 
一年前，俄罗斯对乌克兰发动了残酷、无端的入侵。美国已团结全世界予以回击，与我们的盟友及伙伴合作共同向乌克兰提供关键的安全、经济和人道主义援助，并领导前所未有的努力，让俄罗斯为其侵略行径付出代价。本周，拜登总统访问了乌克兰基辅和波兰华沙，明确、有力地阐明，无论需要多久，美国都将继续与乌克兰站在一起。
 
今天，在俄罗斯入侵一年之时，美国宣布采取一系列新行动，继续向乌克兰提供其所需的支持，并追究俄罗斯发动侵略战争的罪责。美国在过去一年中为应对俄罗斯入侵而采取的各项行动的更完整的信息请见此链接。
 
支持乌克兰
 
为乌克兰增加提供安全援助：今天，美国国防部宣布根据《乌克兰安全援助行动计划》（Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative）为乌克兰增加提供一系列安全援助。这些能力包括几个新的无人机系统（Unmanned Aerial Systems）和反无人机系统（Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems）设备，用于加强乌克兰的防空并帮助保护其人民，以及电子战探测设备，用于增强乌克兰击退俄罗斯侵略的能力。这一系列援助还包括大量用于155毫米火炮系统和高机动性火炮火箭炮系统（HIMARS）的弹药，事实证明这类弹药在战场上极有效力，以及扫雷设备和安全通信支持设备。
 
本周早些时候，拜登政府宣布了使用总统调拨资金授权（Presidential Drawdown Authorities）为乌克兰提供第32项安全援助计划，其中包括增强乌克兰防空能力的空中侦察雷达以及乌克兰已在战场上用于保护自己的标枪（Javelin）反坦克武器等关键能力。这项总统调拨资金授权计划将从美国现有储备中调拨资源，帮助乌克兰满足在战场上的即时需求，而且今天的《乌克兰安全援助行动计划》举措是美国现在及长期支持乌克兰武装部队的承诺的一部分。
 
提供所需的经济支持：本周，在国会两党的支持下，美国开始拨款99亿美元，以帮助乌克兰满足其公民的关键需求，其中包括医疗护理、教育和紧急服务。在有关费用得到核实后，这笔预算支持将通过世界银行的行政能力持久性公共支出（Public Expenditures for Administrative Capacity Endurance）机制基于实际开支拨款。美国持续的经济援助已汇集其他国际捐助方，其中包括欧盟委员会、日本、加拿大和英国在2023年向乌克兰提供所需经济援助的承诺。七国集团已将其对乌克兰的预算和经济支持承诺增加到2023年的390亿美元。今天，七国集团领导人要求各财政部长继续与国际货币基金组织和乌克兰接触，以便到2023年3月底实施一项雄心勃勃的计划，并继续与国际货币基金组织和其他机构合作，在整个2023年及之后为乌克兰提供必要的预算支持。
 
加强乌克兰的能源基础设施：作为我们应对俄罗斯对乌克兰关键能源基础设施发动袭击的努力的一部分，美国正在准备到3月向乌克兰运送能源部的第三批关键输电网设备。这批设备将包括数台移动发电机在内，以帮助提供备用电力。在交付这批设备之前，美国国际发展署最近已提供了一个移动式天然气涡轮发电站，其发电能力足够为至少100000户乌克兰家庭供电。
 
拜登–哈里斯政府还与国会合作，计划向乌克兰增加提供高达2.5亿美元的紧急能源援助，以帮助乌克兰在面对俄罗斯袭击时进一步加强电网。我们还计划与国会合作为摩尔多瓦提供高达3亿美元的紧急能源援助，以增加当地的发电量，提供财政支持，并改善摩尔多瓦与欧盟之间的互联互通。
 
让俄罗斯付出经济代价
 
确保履行七国集团的主要承诺：七国集团领导人今天召开会议，宣布一系列新的经济承诺，以追究俄罗斯对乌克兰发动战争的责任。为应对俄罗斯迄今为止规避七国集团措施的企图，各位领导人将支持建立一个执行协调机制（Enforcement Coordination Mechanism），该机制将由美国在第一年担任主席。为确保俄罗斯承担乌克兰长期重建的费用，七国集团成员国将继续冻结俄罗斯的主权资产，直到有一个解决俄罗斯侵犯乌克兰主权和完整问题的冲突解决方案。对俄罗斯的能源、采掘、金融、国防和工业部门施加经济压力的新承诺也将获得批准。美国将通过采取以下行动迅速履行这些承诺。
 
对俄罗斯经济实施大规模制裁：今天，财政部和国务院将与七国集团伙伴和盟友协调，对关键的创收部门实施全面制裁，以进一步削弱俄罗斯经济并降低其对乌克兰发动战争的能力。这将使200多个个人和实体受到制裁，其中包括俄罗斯行为者以及欧洲、亚洲和中东各地支持俄罗斯战争行径的第三国行为者。作为此次宣布的措施的一部分，我们将与盟友及合作伙伴协同一致，将目标对准十几个俄罗斯金融机构以及在乌克兰非法运作的俄罗斯官员及代理当局。我们将制裁与俄罗斯国防和技术行业相关的其他行为者，其中包括那些犯有回填俄罗斯受制裁品库存或帮助俄罗斯逃避制裁行径的行为者。这还包括以不影响当前生产的方式将目标对准俄罗斯未来的能源能力，从而最大限度地减少市场干扰。美国还将其制裁权扩大到俄罗斯的金属和采矿业，旨在最大限度地减少市场干扰。
 
限制对俄罗斯的出口：今天，商务部将采取数项出口管控行动，将近90家俄罗斯以及包括中国和其他国家在内的第三国公司列入实体名单（Entity List），理由是它们从事规避制裁及回填活动以支持俄罗斯的国防部门。这些名单将禁止被列入的公司购买半导体等物品，无论是在美国制造的还是在国外利用特定美国技术或软件制造的。商务部还将与七国集团合作伙伴和盟友一起采取行动，协调针对工业机械、奢侈品及其他物品采取的措施，并发布新的限制措施，以防止在伊朗无人机中发现的部件进入在乌克兰的战场。
 
提高对俄罗斯产品的关税：今天，总统将签署公告，在此前剥夺俄罗斯国际贸易特权的举措的基础上，提高对进口到美国的某些俄罗斯产品的关税。这些措施旨在针对为克里姆林宫创造收入的关键俄罗斯商品，同时减少美国对俄罗斯的依赖性。这些措施极其审慎，旨在让俄罗斯付出代价的同时最大程度地降低给美国消费者带来的成本。今天的行动将促使对俄罗斯价值约28亿美元的100多种俄罗斯金属、矿物和化学产品征收更高的关税。这还将大大增加在俄罗斯冶炼或铸造的铝进入美国市场的成本，以弥补因俄罗斯入侵乌克兰而受到能源价格挤压的国内铝产业所受的损害。
 
这些制裁、出口管控和关税是我们不断努力让俄罗斯进一步付出重大经济代价的一部分。我们将继续与我们的盟友及伙伴合作，利用我们现有的所有经济工具来挫败俄罗斯发动战争的能力，并在长时期内削弱其经济。
 
让俄罗斯承担责任
 
越来越多地使用问责工具：在过去一周，副总统哈里斯在慕尼黑安全会议（Munich Security Conference）上宣布，国务院在对有关法律和现有事实进行认真分析后认定，俄罗斯军队成员及其他俄罗斯官员在乌克兰犯有反人类罪。美国和我们的合作伙伴致力于追究那些对俄罗斯针对乌克兰人民的袭击和暴行负有罪责的人——确保将罪魁祸首、侵犯人权者和战争犯绳之以法。我们将继续支持对俄罗斯所犯暴行的一系列调查，包括由乌克兰总检察长通过联合国、欧洲安全与合作组织的莫斯科机制（Moscow Mechanism）下设的专家团（Expert Missions）和国际刑事法院等机构进行的调查。美国的援助正在帮助建立乌克兰国内有关部门的能力，以追究个人对战争罪行及其他暴行和侵权行为应负的责任。
 
在联合国巩固支持：本周，美国与盟国及合作伙伴密切合作，团结来自世界各地的141个国家一致支持联合国大会的一项强调必须在乌克兰实现全面、公正及持久的和平的决议——符合《联合国宪章》所阐明的主权和领土完整原则。在2月22日及23日召开的紧急特别会议上，绝大多数会员国表达了对乌克兰的持续支持。今天，在俄罗斯发动残酷入侵整整一年后，布林肯国务卿将在联合国安理会关于维护乌克兰和平与安全（Maintenance of Peace and Security of Ukraine）的部长级会议上重申我们对乌克兰坚定不移的承诺。
 
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/02/24/fact-sheet-on-one-year-anniversary-of-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-biden-administration-announces-actions-to-support-ukraine-and-hold-russia-accountable/
 
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。

FACT SHEET: On One Year Anniversary of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine, Biden Administration Announces Actions to Support Ukraine and Hold Russia Accountable
FEBRUARY 24, 2023
One year ago, Russia launched its brutal and unprovoked invasion of Ukraine. The United States has rallied the world in response, working with our allies and partners to provide Ukraine with critical security, economic, and humanitarian assistance and leading unprecedented efforts to impose costs on Russia for its aggression. This week, President Biden visited Kyiv, Ukraine and Warsaw, Poland to send a clear and powerful message that the United States will continue to stand with Ukraine for as long as it takes.
Today, on the one-year anniversary of Russia’s invasion, the United States is announcing a series of additional actions to continue providing Ukraine with the support it needs and holding Russia accountable for its war of aggression. A more comprehensive list of actions the U.S. has taken over the past year in response to Russia’s invasion is available HERE.
Support for Ukraine
Providing additional security assistance for Ukraine: Today, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced an additional security assistance package for Ukraine under the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (USAI). These capabilities include several new Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-UAS) equipment to strengthen Ukraine’s air defenses and help protect its people, and electronic warfare detection equipment to bolster Ukraine’s ability to repel Russia’s aggression. The package also includes a large amount of ammunition for 155mm artillery systems and High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) that have proved so effective on the battlefield, as well as mine clearing equipment and secure communications support equipment.
Earlier this week, the Biden Administration announced the 32nd security assistance package using Presidential Drawdown Authorities (PDA) for Ukraine, which included critical capabilities such as air surveillance radars to enhance Ukraine’s air defenses and Javelin anti-tank weapons that Ukraine has used to defend themselves on the battlefield. That PDA package will draw from existing U.S. stocks to help Ukraine fulfill its immediate battlefield needs, while today’s USAI package is part of the U.S. commitment to supporting Ukraine’s armed forces both now and over the longer-term.
Delivering needed economic support: This week, the United States began disbursing $9.9 billion in grant financing, thanks to the bipartisan support of Congress, to help Ukraine meet the critical needs of its citizens, including healthcare, education, and emergency services. This budget support is being disbursed via the World Bank’s Public Expenditures for Administrative Capacity Endurance (PEACE) mechanism on a reimbursement basis once expenses have been verified. Continued U.S. economic assistance has helped rally other international donors, including 2023 commitments from the European Commission, Japan, Canada, and the United Kingdom, to provide Ukraine with needed economic assistance. The G7 has increased its commitment of budget and economic support to Ukraine to $39 billion for 2023. Today, G7 Leaders asked Finance Ministers to continue engagement with the International Monetary Fund and Ukraine to deliver an ambitious program by the end of March 2023 and to continue working together, with the IMF and others for necessary budget support to Ukraine throughout and beyond 2023.
Strengthening Ukraine’s energy infrastructure: As part of our efforts to respond to Russia’s strikes against Ukraine’s critical energy infrastructure, the United States is preparing to deliver the Department of Energy’s third shipment of critical electrical transmission grid equipment to Ukraine by early March. The shipment will include several mobile generators to help provide back-up power. This delivery follows USAID’s recent provision of a mobile natural gas-fired turbine power plant that can generate enough electricity to power at least 100,000 Ukrainian homes.
Working with Congress, the Biden-Harris Administration also plans to provide up to $250 million in additional emergency energy assistance to Ukraine to help Ukraine further strengthen its grid in the face of Russia’s attacks. We also plan to provide up to $300 million in emergency energy assistance for Moldova, working with Congress, to increase local electric power generation, provide fiscal support, and improve interconnectivity between Moldova and the European Union.
Imposing Economic Costs on Russia
Securing major G7 commitments: G7 Leaders are convening today to announce a new set of economic commitments to hold Russia accountable for its war against Ukraine. To counter Russia’s attempt to circumvent G7 measures to date, Leaders will support the establishment of an Enforcement Coordination Mechanism, which will be chaired by the United States in the first year. To ensure Russia pays for Ukraine’s long-term reconstruction, G7 countries will continue to keep Russia’s sovereign assets immobilized until there is a resolution to the conflict that addresses Russia’s violation of Ukraine’s sovereignty and integrity. New commitments on imposing economic pressure measures against Russia’s energy, extractive, financial, and defense and industrial sectors also will be endorsed. The United States will swiftly implement these commitments by taking the below actions.
Imposing extensive sanctions on Russia’s economy: Today, in coordination with G7 partners and allies, the Departments of the Treasury and State will implement sweeping sanctions against key revenue generating sectors in order to further degrade Russia’s economy and diminish its ability to wage war against Ukraine. This will result in sanctions being imposed on over 200 individuals and entities, including both Russian and third-country actors across Europe, Asia, and the Middle East that are supporting Russia’s war effort. As part of this announcement, we will target a dozen Russian financial institutions, in alignment with allies and partners, as well as Russian officials and proxy authorities illegitimately operating in Ukraine. We will sanction additional actors tied to Russia’s defense and technology industry, including those responsible for backfilling Russian stocks of sanctioned items or enabling Russian sanctions evasion. It also includes the targeting of Russia’s future energy capabilities in a manner that does not impact current production to minimize market disruption. The United States also is expanding its sanctions authorities to Russia’s metals and mining sector, tailored to minimize market disruption.
Restricting exports to Russia: Today, the Department of Commerce will take several export control actions, listing nearly 90 Russian and third country companies, including in China among other countries, on the Entity List for engaging in sanction evasion and backfill activities in support of Russia’s defense sector. These listings will prohibit the targeted companies from purchasing items, such as semiconductors, whether made in the U.S. or with certain U.S. technology or software abroad. Commerce will also take action alongside G7 partners and allies to align measures on industrial machinery, luxury goods, and other items, as well as issue new restrictions to prevent components found in Iranian drones from making their way onto the battlefield in Ukraine.
Increasing tariffs on Russian products: Today, the President will sign proclamations to raise tariffs on certain Russian products imported to the United States, building on previous efforts to strip Russia of its international trade privileges. These measures are designed to target key Russian commodities generating revenue for the Kremlin while reducing U.S. reliance on Russia. These measures are carefully calibrated to impose costs on Russia while minimizing costs to U.S. consumers. Today’s action will result in increased tariffs on more than 100 Russian metals, minerals, and chemical products worth approximately $2.8 billion to Russia. It will also significantly increase costs for aluminum that was smelted or cast in Russia to enter the U.S. market in order to counter harm to the domestic aluminum industry, which is being squeezed by energy costs as a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
These sanctions, export controls, and tariffs are part of our ongoing efforts to impose strong additional economic costs on Russia. We will continue to work with our allies and partners to use all economic tools available to us to disrupt Russia’s ability to wage its war and degrade its economy over time.
Holding Russia Accountable 
Increasing use of accountability tools: This past week, Vice President Harris announced at the Munich Security Conference that the State Department has determined, following a careful analysis of the law and available facts, that members of Russia’s forces and other Russian officials have committed crimes against humanity in Ukraine. The United States and our partners are committed to holding those who are responsible for Russia’s attacks and atrocities against the people of Ukraine accountable — ensuring that perpetrators, human rights violators, and war criminals are brought to justice.  We will continue to support a range of investigations into Russia’s atrocities, including by Ukraine’s Prosecutor General, through the United Nations, the Expert Missions established under the OSCE “Moscow Mechanism,” and the International Criminal Court among others. U.S. assistance is helping build the capacity of Ukraine’s domestic authorities to hold individuals accountable for war crimes and other atrocities and abuses.
Building support at the United Nations: This week, the United States has worked closely with allies and partners to rally 141 countries from every corner of the world to support a UN General Assembly resolution that underscores the need for a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in Ukraine — in line with the principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity represented in the UN Charter.  At an Emergency Special Session on February 22 and 23, an overwhelming number of Member States expressed their ongoing support for Ukraine.  And today, exactly one year since the start of Russia’s brutal invasion, Secretary Blinken will reaffirm our unwavering commitment to Ukraine at a ministerial-level meeting of the UN Security Council on the “Maintenance of Peace and Security of Ukraine.”
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