美国财政部
公共事务办公室
2023年7月9日
 
以下是预定讲话稿：
 
感谢大家今天来到这里。
 
美国与中华人民共和国之间的关系是我们这个时代最重要的关系之一。作为世界上最大的两个经济体，我们两国的经济总量占全球经济的40%。我们的所作所为——无论是在双边领域还是在范围更广的全球舞台上——都影响着我们两国和其他国家人民的生活和生计。
 
我一直想坦率、真诚地谈论一下这一关系，以便在对现实有清醒认识的基础上来应对我们所面临的挑战和机遇。美国和中国之间存在重大分歧。需要就这些分歧进行明确、直接的沟通。然而，拜登总统和我并没有从大国冲突的角度来看待美中关系。我们相信，世界足够大，可以容纳我们两个国家共同繁荣。两国都有义务以负责任的方式管理这一关系，找到一条共处并分享全球繁荣的途径。
 
与布林肯国务卿一样，我来北京也是为了落实拜登总统去年11月与习主席会晤后提出的深化双边沟通的指示。我此行的目的是与北京新的经济领导团队建立并深化关系。我们的会谈是更为广泛的共同努力的一部分，旨在稳定双方关系，减少产生误解的风险，并商讨合作领域。
 
在过去的两天里，我有机会做到这一点。我与李总理、何副总理、刘财长、中国人民银行潘书记以及其他高层官员进行了会晤，讨论了两国经济关系的重要支柱。这些会谈是直接的、实质性的和富有成效的。我们能够更多地了解彼此的经济和政策选择，我认为这对于世界上最大的两个经济体来说至关重要。即使我们在某些问题上意见不一致，我相信我们就两国关系中的机遇和挑战所进行的坦诚和深入的讨论，以及由此产生的对两国的行动和意图的更好的理解，都具有明显的价值。总的来说，我相信我此行中的双边会晤——两天总计约10个小时——是我们努力让美中关系处于更坚实的基础上而迈进的一步。
 
让我更详细地谈谈我们的一些讨论。
 
首先，我表明了拜登总统和我本人都希望寻求两国之间未来健康的经济竞争。我们相信，建立一种长期互惠互利的经济关系——一种支持双方的增长和创新的关系—— 是可实现的。事实上，我提到中国的发展已使数亿人摆脱了贫困，并明确表示美国并不寻求与中国脱钩。脱钩与使关键供应链多样化或采取有针对性的国家安全行动之间存在重要区别。我们知道，世界上最大的两个经济体的脱钩对两国都将是灾难性的，而且会造成世界的不稳定。并且这几乎不可能做到。我们希望有一个充满活力和健康的全球经济，它是开放、自由和公平的经济，而不是支离破碎或迫使各国选边站的经济。
 
我还与中国官员就健康的经济竞争只有在对双方都有利的情况下才可持续的观点进行了沟通。我向他们一再表明了我们对中国的不公平经济行为的严重关切。这包括中国非市场政策的广度和深度，以及对外国公司市场准入设置的壁垒和涉及知识产权的问题。公平待遇至关重要，只有这样美国公司和工人才能在公平的环境中竞争，并从与中国的贸易和投资以及中国为美国商品和服务提供的巨大市场中获得经济利益。我还对近期针对美国公司的胁迫性行动有所增加表示了担忧。
 
重要的是，我相信中国转向更加市场化的体系不仅符合美国和其他国家的利益，而且对中国经济也有好处。我在此行期间会见了美国商界领袖，他们表示希望看到与中国加强经济接触。我也知道许多企业对外国公司在中国可能面临的各种挑战提出了一系列关切。重要的是，我们需要共同努力，以确保公司企业了解两国拥有不存在争议的广泛的经济互动领域。
 
其次，我们还谈到了国家安全和人权问题。我向中国官员强调，有必要就双方正在采取的行动以及为什么采取这些行动进行明确和直接的沟通。在关系紧张的时刻，高级别的接触尤其至关重要。美国将继续采取必要的有针对性的行动来保护我们的国家安全利益和盟友的安全利益。我们在这样做时会遵循一系列重要原则，如确保我们的国家安全行动透明、范围狭窄并且目标明确。重要的是，这些行动是出于直接的国家安全考虑。我们不会利用这些行动来获取经济优势。
 
我还强调了结束俄罗斯对乌克兰的残酷的非法战争的重要性。在我们继续关注俄罗斯国内局势的同时，美国对乌克兰的支持不会改变。我阐明了中国企业必须避免向俄罗斯提供物质支持或协助其逃避制裁的重要性。
 
第三，我们讨论了可以在哪些领域共同应对全球挑战，其中涉及从应对气候危机到解决主权债务可持续性等方面的问题。这不是中美之间的双边问题，而是关系到负责任地引领全球的问题。全世界理应要求并期望两个最大的经济体能够共同应对这些全球问题，并帮助找到解决方案。
 
我们就两国的宏观经济和金融发展交换了看法。我们还形成了共识，即就这些问题保持持续接触对于维护全球金融稳定非常重要。关于发展中国家和新兴市场的债务困境，我们对赞比亚等具体方面的最新进展表示欢迎。我重申了所有双边官方债权人在其他紧急情况下及时地全面参与的重要性。本届政府认为，改善债务重组进程对世界经济至关重要。此外，我们还认为，作为世界最大的双边债权国，中国可以从这些改进带来的更大确定性中获益。我们还谈到了共同努力为气候行动调动私营部门融资的机会。我也在北京的一次圆桌会议上会见了一些气候融资领导人。美国财政部和中国人民银行共同主持二十国集团（G20）的可持续金融工作组（Sustainable Finance Working Group），这是我们共同努力并为应对全球挑战发挥领导作用的一个具体实例。我们还谈到了实现国际发展融资体系现代化的重要努力。
 
任何一次访问都无法在一夜之间解决我们面临的挑战。但我期望这次访问将有助于与中国新的经济团队建立一个有韧性的、富有成效的沟通渠道。过去两年来，我们双方的会晤被大量公开报道，其中包括我和布林肯国务卿对中国的访问。我希望我们的关系能进入这样一个阶段： 高级别外交仅被视为管理全球最重要的双边关系的一种自然而然的方式。
 
最后我想说的是：把握美中关系的复杂性绝非易事。但我们要时刻谨记，尽管面临挑战，我们的道路并非早已注定。我在此次访问期间有机会会晤了几位中国女经济学家。尽管这些经济学家成长于远离美国的大洋彼岸，但她们与我在职业生涯中共事过的美国经济学家有很多共同之处：渴望从事有益的工作，并为自己、家人和世界创造更美好的未来。归根结底，我们在双边关系中走什么样的道路是两国的选择。我相信，我们两国必须为自己的人民和全世界做出正确的选择：为和平与繁荣增进我们的共同利益。
 
下面，我愿意回答你们的提问。
 
欲查看原稿内容: https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1603
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。

July 8, 2023
As Prepared for Delivery
 
Thanks for being here today.
 
The relationship between the United States and the People’s Republic of China is one of the most consequential of our time. As the world’s two largest economies, our nations collectively represent 40 percent of the global economy. What we do – both in the bilateral sphere as well as on the broader global stage – shapes the lives and livelihoods of the people in our countries and beyond.
 
I have been intent on speaking about this relationship plainly and honestly: to address the challenges and opportunities that face us based on sober realities. The U.S. and China have significant disagreements. Those disagreements need to be communicated clearly and directly. But President Biden and I do not see the relationship between the U.S. and China through the frame of great power conflict. We believe that the world is big enough for both of our countries to thrive. Both nations have an obligation to responsibly manage this relationship: to find a way to live together and share in global prosperity.
 
Like Secretary Blinken, I came to Beijing to deliver on President Biden’s directive to deepen bilateral communications after his meeting with President Xi last November. My objective during this trip has been to establish and deepen relationships with the new economic leadership team in place in Beijing. Our discussions are part of a broader concerted effort to stabilize the relationship, reduce the risk of misunderstanding, and discuss areas of cooperation.
 
Over the past two days, I have had the chance to do just that. I’ve met with Premier Li, Vice Premier He, Finance Minister Liu, People’s Bank of China Head Pan, and other senior officials to discuss important pillars of our economic relationship. These conversations were direct, substantive, and productive. We were able to learn more about each other’s economies and policy choices, which I believe is vital as the world’s two largest economies. Even where we don’t see eye-to-eye, I believe there is clear value in the frank and in-depth discussions we had on the opportunities and challenges in our relationship, and the better understanding it gave us of each country’s actions and intentions. Broadly speaking, I believe that my bilateral meetings – which totaled about 10 hours over two days – served as a step forward in our effort to put the U.S.-China relationship on surer footing.
 
Let me touch upon a few of our discussions in greater detail.
 
First, I communicated that President Biden and I seek a future of healthy economic competition between our countries. We believe it is possible to achieve an economic relationship that is mutually beneficial in the long term – one that supports growth and innovation on both sides. Indeed, I noted that China’s growth has lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty and made clear that the United States is not seeking to decouple from China. There is an important distinction between decoupling, on the one hand, and on the other hand, diversifying critical supply chains or taking targeted national security actions. We know that a decoupling of the world’s two largest economies would be disastrous for both countries and destabilizing for the world. And it would be virtually impossible to undertake. We want a dynamic and healthy global economy that is open, free, and fair – not one that is fragmented or forces countries to take sides.
 
I also communicated to my counterparts that healthy economic competition is only sustainable if it benefits both sides. I pressed them on our serious concerns about China’s unfair economic practices. That includes the breadth and depth of China’s non-market policies, along with barriers to market access for foreign firms and issues involving intellectual property. Fair treatment is critical so American firms and workers compete on a level playing field – and benefit economically from trade and investment with China and the huge market it presents for American goods and services. I also expressed my worries about a recent uptick in coercive actions against American firms.
 
Importantly, I believe that a shift toward a more market-oriented system in China would not only be in the interests of the U.S. and other countries. It would be better for the Chinese economy as well. During this trip, I met with U.S. business leaders who said they would like to see greater economic engagement with China. I also know that many businesses have expressed a range of concerns on the challenges that foreign firms can face here. It is important that we work together to make sure businesses understand there is a wide swath of economic interactions that are uncontroversial to both sides.
 
Second, we also spoke about national security and human rights. I emphasized to my counterparts the necessity of clear and direct communication on the actions we are taking – and why we are taking them. Senior-level engagement is particularly vital during moments of tension. The U.S. will continue to take targeted actions that are necessary to protect our national security interests and those of our allies. As we do so, we adhere to a set of important principles like making sure our national security actions are transparent, narrowly scoped, and targeted to clear objectives. Importantly, these actions are motivated by straightforward national security considerations. They are not used by us to gain economic advantage.
 
I also raised the importance of ending Russia’s brutal and illegal war against Ukraine. As we continue to monitor the domestic situation in Russia, U.S. support for Ukraine will not change. And I communicated that it is essential that Chinese firms avoid providing Russia with material support or assistance with sanctions evasion.
 
Third, we discussed areas where we can work together on global challenges – from tackling the climate crisis to addressing sovereign debt sustainability. This is not a bilateral issue between China and the United States. It is about responsible global leadership. The world deserves and expects its two largest economies to work together on these global problems and help find solutions.
 
We exchanged views on macroeconomic and financial developments in both of our countries. And we shared a common understanding that sustained engagement on these issues was important to maintaining global financial stability. On debt distress in developing countries and emerging markets, we welcomed recent progress on individual cases such as Zambia. I reiterated the importance of timely and comprehensive participation by all bilateral official creditors in other urgent cases. Our Administration believes that improving the debt restructuring process is crucial for the world economy. In addition, we believe that China, as the world’s largest bilateral creditor, can gain from the greater certainty provided by those improvements. We also spoke about the opportunity to work together to mobilize private financing for climate action. And I was able to meet with a group of climate finance leaders in Beijing at a roundtable event. The U.S. Treasury and the People’s Bank of China co-chair the G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group, a concrete example of our ability to work together and lead on global challenges. We also spoke about important efforts to modernize our international development finance system.
 
No one visit will solve our challenges overnight. But I expect that this trip will help build a resilient and productive channel of communication with China’s new economic team. Over the past two years, there has been significant public coverage of meetings between our two sides, including my and Secretary Blinken’s visits to China. My hope is that we can move to a phase in our relationship where senior-level diplomacy is simply taken as a natural element of managing one of the world’s most consequential bilateral relationships.
 
Let me end by saying this: navigating the contours of the relationship between the United States and China is no easy task. But we must never forget that, despite the challenges, our path is not predestined. During this trip, I had the opportunity to meet with a group of Chinese women economists. These economists grew up an ocean away from America, but they share much in common with the American economists I’ve worked with throughout my career: a desire to do good work and secure a better future for themselves, their families, and the world. Ultimately, what road we go down in our bilateral relationship is a choice that both countries make. I believe that our two countries must make the right choice for our people and the world: one that advances our shared interest for peace and prosperity.
 
With that, I will take your questions.
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