白宫
2022 年 4 月 6 日
今天，美国、七国集团和欧盟针对普京政权在乌克兰（包括在布查，Bucha）的残暴行径继续施加重大且即刻经济代价。我们将记录和转发有关这些暴行的信息，并使用一切恰当的机制追究罪责。作为这一努力的一部分，美国宣布实施有重创力的经济措施，禁止对俄罗斯进行新的投资，并对俄罗斯最大的银行和几家最重要的国有企业以及俄罗斯政府官员及其家属实施最严厉的金融制裁。在实施这些全面的金融制裁措施之前，我们已在本周早些时候采取行动，切断了俄罗斯用于偿还债务的在美国的冻结资金。有重要意义的是，这些措施旨在能够相互强化，并随着时间而产生越来越大的影响。
美国和全球30多个盟国及合作伙伴实施了有史以来最有效、最协调和最广泛的经济限制。据专家预测，俄罗斯今年的国内生产总值将收缩高达 15%，这将使其过去 15 年的经济增长化为乌有。通货膨胀率已经飙升至 15% 以上，预计还会加速走高。已有 600多家私营企业离开了俄罗斯市场。俄罗斯的供应链严重受扰。俄罗斯很可能会失去作为一个主要经济体的地位，并将继续长期陷入经济、金融和技术孤立。与去年相比，受我们新出口管制的美国对俄罗斯的物品出口价值减少了 99%；并且，随着俄罗斯为开动普京的战争机器而带来对某些飞机、坦克和其它资源的任何剩余备件库存的消耗，这些限制性力量将随时间而进一步增强。
只要俄罗斯继续对乌克兰进行野蛮攻击，我们就将与我们的盟友和伙伴一起让俄罗斯为其行动付出更多代价。今天，美国宣布采取以下行动：
对俄罗斯最大的金融机构俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行 (Sberbank) 和俄罗斯最大的私人银行阿尔法银行 (Alfa Bank) 实施全面封锁制裁。这一行动将冻结俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行和阿尔法银行任何涉及美国金融体系的资产，并禁止美国人与它们开展业务。俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行持有俄罗斯银行业近三分之一的总资产，对俄罗斯经济具有系统重要性。而阿尔法银行则是俄罗斯最大的私营金融机构，总体上是俄罗斯的第四大金融机构。
禁止在俄罗斯联邦进行新的投资。拜登总统将签署一项新的行政命令，其中包括禁止任何地方的美国人在俄罗斯进行新的投资，这将进一步使俄罗斯在全球经济中陷于孤立。这一行动是对 600 多家跨国企业决定退出俄罗斯的进一步延伸。撤出的私营业包括制造商、能源公司、大型零售商、金融机构以及其它服务提供商，如法律和咨询公司。今天的行政命令将确保持续削弱俄罗斯联邦的全球竞争力。
对重要的俄罗斯国有企业实施全面封锁制裁。这将禁止任何美国人与这些实体进行交易，并冻结这些实体受美国管辖的任何资产，从而遏止克里姆林宫依赖这些实体支持和资助乌克兰战争的能力。美国财政部将于明天宣布这些实体的清单。
对俄罗斯权贵及其家属实施全面制裁，其中包括：普京总统的成年子女；外交部长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫 (Sergey Lavrov) 的妻子和女儿；以及俄罗斯联邦安全委员会 (Russia’s Security Council) 的成员，包括俄罗斯前总统和总理德米特里·梅德韦杰夫 (Dmitry Medvedev) 和总理米哈伊尔·米舒斯京 (Mikhail Mishustin)。这些个体以牺牲俄罗斯人民的利益中饱私囊。他们有些人为普京对乌克兰发动战争提供所需支持负有责任。这一行动切断了他们与美国的金融体系的联系，并冻结他们在美国持有的任何资产。
美国财政部禁止俄罗斯利用受美国管辖的资金来偿还债务。目前的制裁措施并不阻止俄罗斯对主权债务进行支付，前提是俄罗斯使用美国管辖范围以外的资金。但是，俄罗斯受到全球金融抛弃——它现在需要在消耗可用资金偿还债务和违约之间做选择。
承诺支持对人道活动至关重要的行业。在我们把针对俄罗斯对乌克兰发动残酷战争而实施的制裁和其它经济措施持续升级的同时，我们重申我们的承诺，免除那些有益于俄罗斯人民和世界各地人民的基本人道活动及其相关活动：确保基本食品和农产品的供应，保障对药品和医疗设备的使用，并使电信服务能够支持信息流动和互联网接入，从而使俄罗斯人民能够接触到外部的观点。这些活动不是我们的制裁目标，美国以及其它西方公司可以继续在俄罗斯的这些领域开展业务。在必要情况下，相关政府部门和机构将发布适当的豁免和例外，以确保此类活动不受影响。
 
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/04/06/fact-sheet-united-states-g7-and-eu-impose-severe-and-immediate-costs-on-russia/  本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。

FACT SHEET: United States, G7 and EU Impose Severe and Immediate Costs on Russia

APRIL 06, 2022•STATEMENTS AND RELEASES
Today, the United States, with the G7 and the European Union, will continue to impose severe and immediate economic costs on the Putin regime for its atrocities in Ukraine, including in Bucha. We will document and share information on these atrocities and use all appropriate mechanisms to hold accountable those responsible. As one part of this effort, the United States is announcing devastating economic measures to ban new investment in Russia, and impose the most severe financial sanctions on Russia’s largest bank and several of its most critical state-owned enterprises and on Russian government officials and their family members. These sweeping financial sanctions follow our action earlier this week to cut off Russia’s frozen funds in the United States to make debt payments. Importantly, these measures are designed to reinforce each other to generate intensifying impact over time.
The United States and more than 30 allies and partners across the world have levied the most impactful, coordinated, and wide-ranging economic restrictions in history. Experts predict Russia’s GDP will contract up to 15 percent this year, wiping out the last fifteen years of economic gains. Inflation is already spiking above 15 percent and forecast to accelerate higher. More than 600 private sector companies have already left the Russian market. Supply chains in Russia have been severely disrupted. Russia will very likely lose its status as a major economy, and it will continue a long descent into economic, financial, and technological isolation. Compared to last year, U.S. exports to Russia of items subject to our new export controls have decreased 99 percent by value – and the power of these restrictions will compound over time as Russia draws down any remaining stockpiles of spare parts for certain planes, tanks, and other resources needed for Putin’s war machine.
As long as Russia continues its brutal assault on Ukraine, we will stand unified with our allies and partners in imposing additional costs on Russia for its actions. Today, the United States is announcing the following actions:
Full blocking sanctions on Russia’s largest financial institution, Sberbank, and Russia’s largest private bank, Alfa Bank. This action will freeze any of Sberbank’s and Alfa Bank’s assets touching the U.S financial system and prohibit U.S. persons from doing business with them. Sberbank holds nearly one-third of the overall Russian banking sector’s assets and is systemically critical to the Russian economy. Alfa Bank is Russia’s largest privately-owned financial institution and Russia’s fourth largest financial institution overall.
Prohibiting new investment in the Russian Federation. President Biden will sign a new Executive Order (E.O.) that includes a prohibition on new investment in Russia by U.S. persons wherever located, which will further isolate Russia from the global economy. This action builds on the decision made by more than 600 multinational businesses to exit from Russia. The exodus of the private sector includes manufacturers, energy companies, large retailers, financial institutions, as well as other service providers such as law and consulting firms. Today’s E.O. will ensure the enduring weakening of the Russian Federation’s global competitiveness.
Full blocking sanctions on critical major Russian state-owned enterprises. This will prohibit any U.S. person from transacting with these entities and freeze any of their assets subject to U.S. jurisdiction, thereby damaging the Kremlin’s ability to use these entities it depends on to enable and fund its war in Ukraine. The Department of Treasury will announce these entities tomorrow.
Full blocking sanctions on Russian elites and their family members, including sanctions on: President Putin’s adult children, Foreign Minister Lavrov’s wife and daughter, and members of Russia’s Security Council including former President and Prime Minister of Russia Dmitry Medvedev and Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin. These individuals have enriched themselves at the expense of the Russian people.  Some of them are responsible for providing the support necessary to underpin Putin’s war on Ukraine. This action cuts them off from the U.S. financial system and freezes any assets they hold in the United States.
The U.S. Treasury prohibited Russia from making debt payments with funds subject to U.S. jurisdiction. Sanctions do not preclude payments on Russian sovereign debt at this time, provided Russia uses funds outside of U.S. jurisdiction. However, Russia is a global financial pariah — and it will now need to choose between draining its available funds to make debt payments or default.
Commitment to supporting sectors essential to humanitarian activities. As we continue escalating our sanctions and other economic measures against Russia for its brutal war against Ukraine, we reiterate our commitment to exempting essential humanitarian and related activities that benefit the Russian people and people around the world: ensuring the availability of basic foodstuffs and agricultural commodities, safeguarding access to medicine and medical devices, and enabling telecommunications services to support the flow of information and access to the internet which provides outside perspectives to the Russian people. These activities are not the target of our efforts, and U.S. and Western companies can continue to operate in these sectors in Russia. When necessary, relevant departments and agencies will issue appropriate exemptions and carveouts to ensure such activity is not disrupted.
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