美国财政部
公共事务办公室
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区
2021 年 11 月 3 日
财政部长珍妮特·L·耶伦在苏格兰格拉斯哥举行的第26届联合国气候变化大会上的讲话：“为新兴市场和发展中经济体提供融资”
准备稿
感谢你们大家提供今天这个发言的机会。 
我认识你们之中的一些人，而且自我抵达以来又见到了很多新同事。因为事实是，财政部长们出席气候变化大会的情况并不常见。事实上，我是第一位这样做的美国财政部长。我出席的原因是气候变化不仅仅是一个环境问题。它不仅仅是一个能源问题。它是一个破坏经济、发展和市场稳定的问题，如果我不以必须要有的严肃态度对待它，我就没有尽职尽责。 
这虽然是我第一次出席气候大会，但并不是我第一次加入关于气候变化的政治讨论。我在克林顿政府任职期间，当团队需要一位白宫官员到国会就《京都议定书》（Kyoto Protocol）的好处作证时，我自愿前往。我告诉国会要将《京都议定书》想成是星球保险的一种形式。如果这能拯救全部物种和无价的海岸城市，如果这能帮助确保我们让这个世界一直适宜居住，那么为使我们的经济脱碳转型进行重大投资难道不值得吗？ 
23年之后，我认为现在比过去任何时候都更有希望。我们越来越多地看到各国超越国境共同努力，以使将全球变暖限制在1.5度的共同使命有望实现。今天，我想用几分钟谈一谈美国如何尽自己的一份力。 
拜登总统致力于重新确立美国在抗击气候变化中的领导作用。今年春天，他主持了一次领导人峰会来增进全球的雄心。我们还要求获得资金以重新启动我们对绿色气候基金（Green Climate Fund）以及其他气候基金的贡献。 
今年四月，美国宣布了到2024年将把我们为发展中国家提供的公共国际气候融资翻番的计划，随后拜登总统又前往联合国大会（UN General Assembly）并宣布我们将这个数目再翻一番达到每年114亿美元。这总计比我们以前承诺为适应力提供的融资增加了六倍。 
但正如我今天上午谈到的，资金的数目仅仅是一方面。我们还必须确保它尽可能快速、有效地得到输送。 
这包括绿色气候基金和全球环境基金（Global Environmental Facility）在内，它们作为《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）和《巴黎协议》（Paris Agreement）的运作实体都发挥着提供及调动气候融资的关键作用。这两个基金在过去几年都是主要的气候融资提供方，而且我们希望看到持续的有力的贡献，不仅在于数量而且在于更大的效率和影响力，其中包括探索它们怎样才能更好地同私营部门接触，以便为气候努力催化更多的融资。 
美国还敦促多边开发银行增强它们的努力。我在夏天曾将几个这类银行的负责人汇集在一起，并在上个月再次这样做，敦促每个机构都制定切实计划以提升它们的气候雄心，并找到它们能够调动更多的气候融资的具体途径。尽管还有很多工作有待完成，但我对于今年到目前为止所取得的进展感到高兴。每个政府在寻求通向零排放和具有气候抗御力的未来的最佳途径时都将面临艰难的选择，而多边开发银行有能力提供建议和资源来使这一转型平稳进行。 
作为平稳转型的一部分，至关重要的是以一种支持受影响社区的方式鼓励退出使用煤炭，包括通过清洁技术基金（Clean Technology Fund）的新的加速煤炭转型（Accelerating Coal Transition）计划。加速脱碳转型——通过终止对新的煤炭项目的公共国际融资以及为加速关闭现有的燃煤发电厂提供创新的融资工具——可能是我们从气候视角出发所能做出的最具即时影响力的政策决定。 
今年十月，美国在经济合作与发展组织（OECD）同我们的国际伙伴达成了一项共识，禁止对有增无减的燃煤发电的出口信贷融资。这将有效地消除花在一些最脏的能源上的数十亿美元的未来国际政府支出，让我们能够腾出有限的公共资源着重于投资有关技术，以使我们向净零迈进。 
单凭公共融资，不论数目多大都不足以应对这场气候危机的要求。私营资本对于我们的成功至关重要。当我们努力调动这种资本时，我们必须继续着重于解决新兴市场和发展中国家在吸引私营部门融资时所面临的挑战。 
我们正在取得进展，通过二十国集团可持续融资工作组（G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group）改善让金融流动同我们的集体气候目标相一致的国际协作。我高兴地同其他财政部长们一起支持二十国集团可持续融资路线图（G20 Sustainable Finance Roadmap），它凸显了扩大可持续融资的各项行动，包括给新兴市场和发展中国家的能力建设和技术支持。 
应对气候危机势在必行——而且同时还是我们这个时代最巨大的经济机遇。我们在应对气候变化的同时，能够而且将会创造薪酬良好的就业机会和新型产业。不仅对于美国是这样，而且对于所有国家都是如此。我们知道气候变化的影响现在就能感受得到，而且正沉重地落在全世界最弱势人口的身上。第26届联合国气候变化大会必须成为一个转折点——我们承诺为到2050年实现净零排放而采取必要举措的时刻。

November 3, 2021
As prepared for delivery:
Thank you all for the chance to speak today.
I know some of you and have met many new colleagues since I have arrived. Because the reality is, it is not common for Finance Ministers to attend a COP. In fact, I am the first U.S. Treasury Secretary to do so. The reason I am here is because climate change is not just an environmental issue. It is not just an energy issue. It is an economic, development and market-destabilizing issue and I would not be doing my job if I did not treat it with the seriousness warranted.
While this is my first COP, it is not the first time that I jumped into a political discussion on climate change. When I served in the Clinton Administration and the team needed a White House official to testify before Congress on the merits of the Kyoto Protocol, I volunteered. I told Congress to think of Kyoto as a form of planetary insurance. Wouldn’t even a significant investment in transitioning our economies away from carbon be worth it if it saved entire species and priceless coastal cities? If it helped ensure that we kept the world livable?
It’s 23 years later, and I think there’s more hope than ever before. More and more, we are seeing nations reach across borders, to work together toward the common task of keeping the limit of 1.5 degrees global warming within reach. And today, I’d like to spend a few minutes on how the United States is doing its part.
President Biden is committed to reasserting U.S. leadership to combat climate change. This Spring, he hosted a Leaders’ Summit to ramp up global ambition. We also requested funds to restart our contributions to the Green Climate Fund and other climate funds.
In April, the United States announced plans to double our public international climate finance for developing countries by 2024, and then President Biden went to the UN General Assembly and announced we were doubling that number again to $11.4 billion per year. All told, this represents a six-fold increase of financing for adaptation over our previous pledge.
But as I spoke about this morning, the amount of funding is only one piece. We also have to make sure it is being channeled as quickly and effectively as possible.
This includes the Green Climate Fund and the Global Environmental Facility, which play both the critical role of delivering and mobilizing climate finance as operating entities of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. Both funds have been major climate finance providers over the past several years, and we want to see continued strong contributions, not only in volume but also in greater efficiency and impact, including exploring how they can better engage the private sector to catalyze more financing for climate efforts.
The United States is also calling on the multilateral development banks to increase their efforts. Bringing together the heads of several of these banks over the summer, and again last month, I urged each institution to develop concrete plans to raise their climate ambition and to identify specific ways they could mobilize more climate finance. While there is still more to be done, I am pleased with the progress made so far this year. Every government will face difficult choices as it seeks the best pathway to a zero-emissions and climate resilient future, and MDBs are well-positioned to provide advice and resources to smooth that transition.
As part of a smooth transition, it is critical to encourage coal decommissioning in a way that supports impacted communities, including through the Clean Technology Fund’s new Accelerating Coal Transition program. Expediting the transition away from coal – by both ending public international funding for new coal projects and providing innovative financing instruments to hasten the closure of existing coal-fired plants – is perhaps the most immediately impactful policy decision we can make from a climate perspective.
This October, the United States reached a consensus at the OECD with our international partners to prohibit export credit financing for unabated coal power. This will effectively eliminate billions of dollars in future international government spending on some of the dirtiest energy sources, freeing up our limited public resources to focus on the investments in technologies that keep us on the path to net-zero.
No amount of public financing alone will be sufficient to meet the demands of the climate crisis. Private capital is essential to our success. As we work to mobilize this capital, we must continue to focus on addressing the challenges that emerging markets and developing countries face in attracting private sector financing.
We are making progress on improving international coordination on aligning financial flows with our collective climate goals through the G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group. I was pleased to join my fellow Finance Ministers to endorse the G20 Sustainable Finance Roadmap, which highlights actions to scale up sustainable finance, including capacity building and technical support to emerging markets and developing countries.
Tackling the climate crisis is imperative – and at the same time, the greatest economic opportunity of our time. We can and will create good-paying jobs and new industries as we tackle climate change. This holds true not just for the United States, but for all countries. We know the impacts of climate change are being felt now and are falling heavily on the world’s most vulnerable. COP26 must be the turning point – the moment when we commit to taking the necessary actions to reach net-zero emissions by 2050.
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