白宫
华盛顿特区
2022年6月28日
拜登–哈里斯政府正在启动多管齐下的措施应对全球粮食安全危机
拜登总统和七国集团领导人将宣布，他们将提供45亿美元来解决全球粮食安全问题，其中半数以上将来自美国。拜登总统将宣布额外的27.6亿美元的美国政府资金承诺，以帮助保护全世界最脆弱的人口，并缓解俄罗斯在乌克兰的无端、无理的战争对日益严重的粮食不安全和营养不良造成的影响。这些新投资将支持在超过47个国家和区域组织的努力，以支持应对日益增长的需求的区域性计划。
弗拉基米尔·普京的行径扼制了粮食和农业生产，并将粮食用作一种战争武器，包括通过损毁农业仓储、加工和检测设施；偷窃谷物和农耕设备；以及实质性封锁黑海港口。俄罗斯蓄意攻击粮食供应和生产，给市场、仓储和生产造成了影响，并最终给全球的消费者造成了消极影响。普京对乌克兰的侵略，再加上新冠疫情的影响、冲突的增多以及燃料和肥料的高昂价格，共同给本已脆弱的全球粮食安全和营养状况雪上加霜。由于普京发动的战争，生活在远离这场冲突的地区的数百万民众面临着更严重的贫困、饥饿和营养不良的风险。统计数字显示，普京在乌克兰发动的战争及其连带影响可能导致2022年又有最多可达4000万人被推入贫困之中。
尽管全球都将继续受到俄罗斯的行径的影响，但最迫切的需求将在非洲之角显现出来，同粮食安全危机相关的最迫切的人道主义援助在非洲之角，它正在经历前所未有的连续第四个旱季，可能会导致饥荒。到今年年底，多达2000万人可能面临饥饿的危险。长期干旱也正在给营养状况造成严重影响，将儿童置于严重的营养不良的风险之中，并需要得到治疗。
为了应对和缓解对全球粮食安全的进一步影响，美国政府将继续提供拯救生命的粮食援助，以应对这些日益增多的需求，并调动更多的金融承诺。在新近宣布的于五月份拨出的额外的27.6亿美元人道主义和经济援助的承诺之中，20亿美元将用于帮助通过紧急干预拯救生命，7.6亿美元将用于可持续的近期粮食援助，以帮助在受到高昂的粮食、肥料和燃料价格影响的脆弱的国家中缓解贫困、饥饿和营养不良的进一步加剧。
美国政府应对全球粮食不安全的多管齐下的措施包括：
全球人道主义援助
自从俄罗斯于二月份全面入侵乌克兰以来，美国已提供28亿美元，在受到粮食安全危机影响的国家扩大紧急粮食运作。除这笔资金外，美国国际发展署还承诺在今后三个月再提供20亿美元国际救灾援助资金，用于紧急人道主义需求。这些资金包括在紧急粮食不安全程度严重、依赖俄罗斯或乌克兰进口以及易受价格冲击影响的国家提供直接粮食援助，以及相关的卫生、营养、保护、用水、环境卫生和个人卫生服务，并将支持安置难民人口的国家。
全球发展援助
在我们继续应对紧急人道主义需求的同时，美国政府将继续增强粮食体系并缓解对粮食安全的中期影响。美国政府正在投入7.6亿美元，在最需要援助的国家抗击高昂的粮食、燃料和肥料价格的影响——普京的战争现在正在驱动价格上涨。
o支持非洲开发银行（African Development Bank）非洲紧急粮食生产机制（African Emergency Food Production Facility），在今后四个种植季节在非洲增加气候适应型小麦、玉米、水稻和大豆的生产。
o支持国际农业发展基金（International Fund for Agricultural Development）危机应对行动计划（Crisis Response Initiative），以帮助在农村社区保护生计并建设复原力。
o支持非洲适应力行动计划（Africa Adaptation Initiative）在非洲发展一个银行可担保项目的管道，以调动私人股本。
o支持非洲风险能力（Africa Risk Capacity）非洲灾难风险融资计划（Africa Disaster Risk Financing Programme），通过增加获取风险保险产品的渠道来帮助非洲政府应对粮食系统受到的冲击。
o一个肥料效率和创新项目，在往往过度使用肥料的国家中增强肥料的使用效率。
o对联合国粮食及农业组织（UN Food and Agriculture Organization）的支持将为涵盖多个国家的土壤制图提供资金，以便为做到用水更明智、提高保肥性以及改善气候适应力影响提供信息。
扩大“未来粮食保障”项目（Feed the Future）
“未来粮食保障”项目是美国政府最主要的全球粮食安全计划，由美国国际发展署牵头。该计划正在扩大其全球足迹，新增八个目标国家（从 12 个增加到 20 个），这些都是非洲国家，受俄罗斯对乌克兰战争的影响最大。新的目标国家是刚果民主共和国、利比里亚、马达加斯加、马拉维、莫桑比克、卢旺达、坦桑尼亚和赞比亚。2021 年 9 月，拜登总统作出 50 亿美元的承诺，帮助终结全球饥饿和营养不良，并在国外建立可持续的、具有复原力的粮食系统。“未来粮食保障”项目的这次扩大兑现了拜登总统的承诺。
美国政府目前每年通过“未来粮食保障”项目投资 20 亿美元，该项目以超过 35 个国家的现有技术专长、项目和合作伙伴为基础。在这些国家，美国政府的投资推动了私营部门、捐助者和地方政府的进一步投资。
全球农业和粮食安全计划 (GAFSP)
通过美国财政部，美国继续在全球农业和粮食安全计划中发挥领导作用，这是一个 20 亿美元的多边融资机制，帮助世界上最贫穷的国家增加对农业和粮食安全的投资。美国将提供 1.55 亿美元，用于支持提高农业生产力、将农民与市场联系起来、改善生计、降低脆弱性和增强复原力的项目。美国还新担任 GAFSP 指导委员会的共同主席。在这一领导地位上，美国将帮助深化和加快落实 GAFSP 的粮食安全危机应对措施。
美国政府在推动全球行动方面的领导地位
从一开始，美国就一直站在应对这场危机的全球努力的最前沿。
 
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/06/28/fact-sheet-president-biden-and-g7-leaders-announce-further-efforts-to-counter-putins-attack-on-food-security/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。

JUNE 28, 2022•STATEMENTS AND RELEASES
Biden-Harris Administration is Driving a Multi-Pronged Response to Global Food Security Crisis
President Biden and G7 leaders will announce that they will contribute over $4.5 billion to address global food security, over half of which will come from the United States. President Biden will announce $2.76 billion in additional U.S. Government funding commitments to help protect the world’s most vulnerable populations and mitigate the impacts of Russia’s unprovoked and unjustified war in Ukraine on growing food insecurity and malnutrition. These new investments will support efforts in over 47 countries and regional organizations, to support regional plans to address increasing needs.
Vladimir Putin’s actions have strangled food and agriculture production and have used food as a weapon of war, including through the destruction of agricultural storage, processing, and testing facilities; theft of grain and farm equipment; and the effective blockade of Black Sea ports. Russia’s choice to attack food supplies and production have an impact on markets, storage, production, negatively impacting consumers around the globe. Putin’s aggression in Ukraine, combined with the impacts from COVID-19, increasing conflict, high prices for fuel and fertilizer, have combined to devastate already fragile global food security and nutrition. Millions of people living far from the conflict face an increased risk of poverty, hunger, and malnutrition as a result of Putin’s war. Estimates suggest that up to 40 million more people could be pushed into poverty in 2022 as a result of Putin’s war in Ukraine and its secondary effects.
While the entire globe will continue to be affected by Russia’s actions, the most immediate needs will present in the Horn of Africa, as it experiences a record-setting fourth straight season of drought, that may lead to famine. As many as 20 million people may face the threat of starvation by the end of the year. The prolonged drought is also having dire nutrition impacts, putting children at severe risk of malnutrition and in need of treatment.
To address and mitigate further impacts on global food security, the U.S. Government will continue life-saving food assistance to address these growing needs and leverage additional financial commitments. Of the newly announced commitment of an additional $2.76 billion in humanitarian and economic assistance, $2 billion will be to help save lives through emergency interventions and $760 million will be for sustainable near-term food assistance to help mitigate further increases in poverty, hunger, and malnutrition in vulnerable countries impacted by high prices of food, fertilizer, and fuel.
The U.S. government’s multi-pronged response to combat global food insecurity includes:
Global Humanitarian AssistanceSince the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February, the United States has provided $2.8 billion to scale up emergency food operations in countries impacted by the food security crisis. In addition to this funding, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is committing another $2 billion in international disaster assistance (IDA) funds for emergency humanitarian needs over the next three months. These funds include direct food assistance, as well as related health, nutrition, protection, and water, sanitation and hygiene services, in countries with high levels of acute food insecurity, reliance on Russian or Ukrainian imports, and vulnerability to price shocks, and will support countries hosting refugee populations.
Global Development AssistanceAs we continue to address acute humanitarian needs, the U.S. government will continue to strengthen food systems and mitigate medium-term impacts on food security. The U.S. Government is investing $760 million to combat the effects of high food, fuel, and fertilizer prices – now being driven up by Putin’s war – in those countries that need it most.
Expansion of Feed the FutureFeed the Future (FTF), the U.S. government’s flagship global food security initiative led by USAID, is expanding its global footprint in eight new target countries from 12 to 20 target countries, in Africa that were also most vulnerable to the impacts of Russia’s war in Ukraine. The new target countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zambia. This expansion of Feed the Future countries delivers on President Biden’s $5 billion commitment in September 2021 to end global hunger, malnutrition and build sustainable, resilient food systems abroad.
The U.S. government currently invests more than $1.9 billion per year through Feed the Future, which builds on existing technical expertise, programs and partners in more than 35 countries. In these countries, the U.S. government investments pave the way for further investments from the private sector, donors and local governments.
Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP)The United States through the U.S. Treasury, continues to exercise leadership in the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP) – a $2 billion multilateral financing mechanism that has helped the world’s poorest countries increase investments in agriculture and food security. The United States is contributing $155 million to support projects that raise agricultural productivity, link farmers to markets, improve livelihoods, reduce vulnerability, and enhance resilience to shocks. The United States is also newly serving as Co-Chair of the GAFSP Steering Committee. In this leadership position, the United States will help deepen and accelerate GAFSP’s response to the food security crisis.
USG Leadership in Driving Global ActionFrom the beginning, the United States has been at the forefront of global efforts to confront this crisis.
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