美国国务院
发言人办公室
2022年10月17日
 
简报：联合国人权理事会第五十一届会议成果 
 
总结我们重返人权理事会（Human Rights Council）的第一年，美国利用其领导地位——与盟国、合作伙伴和公民社会合作——让理事会反映并加强自联合国系统超过75年前成立以来一直支撑着该系统的普世价值观、抱负和规范。在人权理事会第五十一届会议上，美国捍卫、保护并促进了对人权和基本自由的尊重。本届会议也标志着人权理事会有史以来首次审议关于联合国安理会（UN Security Council）的一个常任理事国的国内人权状况的决议或决定，更不用说两个安理会常任理事国了。我们的声明和立场强调了拜登–哈里斯政府（Biden-Harris Administration）对促进人权的普世性的承诺，包括解决一切形式的歧视、不公平和不平等。
 
在本届会议上，美国推进了人权重点要务，其中包括：
 
设立对俄罗斯日益恶化的人权状况的独立审查：美国共同提出了一项由26个欧盟成员国牵头，并由40多个国家共同提出的决议，就俄罗斯国内人权状况设立特别报告员（Special Rapporteur）。俄罗斯政府在国内的镇压给俄罗斯的每个人都造成了可怕的人权境况，并助长了虚假信息，帮助俄罗斯发动对乌克兰的侵略战争。这项决议对俄罗斯不断恶化的人权状况表示严重关切——包括对言论自由及和平集会自由的严厉限制——并设立了一名特别报告员以确保独立审查。
 
呼吁人权理事会就新疆问题进行辩论：美国和超过35个共同提案国提交了一项决定，于2023年3月在人权理事会第五十二届会议上讨论人权事务高级专员办事处（Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights）对新疆人权状况的评估。这是自理事会成立以来，第一次有成员采取正式行动以应对中国的人权状况。该决定以微弱多数被否决，但凸显了对于人权事务高级专员办事处最近的独立评估所提出的严重人权问题的关切。这项决定受挫是数百万新疆的受害者们的损失，他们的经历应当得到本理事会的讨论。尽管如此，我们将继续努力解决新疆的人权状况以及中华人民共和国的其他人权问题。
增强阿富汗问题特别报告员授权: 美国是这项决议的共同提案国，并与欧盟成员国和其他志同道合的伙伴国家合作，更新及加强阿富汗局势特别报告员的能力，包括记录、保存和报告侵权行为，特别是危害妇女、女孩和少数群体的行为。
 
支持埃塞俄比亚问题国际人权专家委员会：美国是这项决议的共同提案国，旨在确保理事会继续关注埃塞俄比亚的人权状况，延长去年设立的埃塞俄比亚问题国际人权专家委员会的任务授权。我们继续敦促埃塞俄比亚政府与该委员会合作，允许委员会成员不受阻碍地开展工作。冲突的任何持久解决方案都必须包括为受害者提供全面和包容性的过渡时期司法，以及对践踏和侵犯人权行为负有责任的人进行问责。
 
促进和解以及解决斯里兰卡的腐败和有罪不罚问题：作为核心小组的成员，美国共同提出了这项决议，要求理事会在这一经济危机时期继续与斯里兰卡政府接触，包括支持对过去的侵权行为和最近政治动荡期间的侵权行为进行问责的需求，以及监测并报告该国的局势。所有斯里兰卡人民的人权都必须得到维护。加强保护和尊重人权与政治和经济改革齐头并进。
 
继续曝光叙利亚境内正在发生的侵权和践踏行为：作为核心小组的成员，美国与理事会一起再次呼吁国际社会关注叙利亚境内正在发生的践踏人权和侵权的行为，特别是阿萨德政权所犯下的罪行。理事会敦促阿萨德政权释放所有被任意拘押的人；结束酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇；回答失踪者去向问题。我们欢迎联合国秘书长古特雷斯8月30日发布的关于叙利亚失踪人员的报告，并致力于与合作伙伴共同寻求正义及解决失踪人员问题。
 
延长联合国委内瑞拉问题事实调查团的任务授权：美国是延长委内瑞拉问题事实调查团任务授权决议的共同提案国，该调查团在国际社会努力追究马杜罗政权在委内瑞拉侵犯人权的责任方面发挥着重要作用。
 
原住民问题：美国是两项关于原住民权利的决议的共同提案国。第一项决议延长了原住民权利问题特别报告员的任务授权，第二项决议概述了对人权和原住民问题的实质性审议。
 
当代形式的奴役：美国共同提出决议，延长针对当代形式奴隶制包括其因果问题的特别报告员的任务授权。
 
促进种族公平与公正和打击反犹主义：美国发表国家声明，支持非洲人后裔问题常设论坛（Permanent Forum on People of African Descent）的工作并支持推进执法中的种族正义和平等的国际独立专家机制（International Independent Expert Mechanism to Advance Racial Justice and Equality in Law Enforcement），并且发布一项声明，重申我们对反击种族歧视与不公的坚定承诺，无论它们发生在哪里。我们还签署了由奥地利、斯洛伐克和捷克共和国牵头的打击反犹主义和反击线上仇恨言论的联合声明。
 
共同提出决议：美国共同提出了23项决议，所涉议题包括任意拘留、网上霸凌、世界人权教育项目（World Programme for Human Rights Education）、身心健康、老年人、普遍定期审议（Universal Periodic Review）、青少年与人权、国家人权机构、地方政府与人权、神经技术、提倡支持国家机制的国际合作、良政对促进和保护人权的作用，过渡时期的司法、预防对促进和保护人权的作用，以及阿富汗、布隆迪、埃塞俄比亚、索马里、斯里兰卡、叙利亚、俄罗斯和委内瑞拉的人权状况。
 
联合声明：美国签署了针对一些具体人权状况的数项联合声明，包括一项有关克里米亚的声明，谴责俄罗斯的继续占领和对乌克兰进行的无理的全面战争；一项对海地暴力升级表达深切关注的声明；一项谴责伊朗暴力镇压示威的声明，呼吁停止歧视妇女；一项要求关注尼加拉瓜日益恶化的人权状况的声明；以及一项呼吁对也门的状况给予独立公正的监督和报告的声明。美国还加入了有关保护责任的声明；有关特别程序的声明，其中包括促进所有特别程序的长期邀请；有关根除性骚扰、反犹主义的声明；有关俄罗斯的过滤行动和强制将乌克兰平民驱逐出境的声明；以及有关技术与和平的声明。
 
会外活动：
 
 
美国以决议、国家及联合声明、会外活动和互动对话等形式推进各种努力，促进公平与包容，包括对所有背景的妇女和女童，国内流离失所的人，男女同性恋、双性恋、跨性别者、酷儿和间性者等（LGBTQI+）人士，残疾人士，原住民，少数民族和宗教少数派群体成员，以及其他边缘化和弱势群体的成员。
 
 
欲查看原稿内容: https://www.state.gov/outcomes-of-the-51st-session-of-the-un-human-rights-council/
本译文仅供参考，只有英文原稿才可以被视为权威资料来源。

FACT SHEET
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
OCTOBER 17, 2022
Concluding our first year back on the Human Rights Council, the United States leveraged its leadership position – working with allies, partners, and civil society – to have the Council reflect and reinforce the universal values, aspirations, and norms that have underpinned the UN system since its founding over 75 years ago. At the 51st session of the HRC, the United States defended, protected, and advanced respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. This session also marked the first time the Human Rights Council has ever considered a resolution or decision on the domestic human rights situation in a country that is a permanent member of the UN Security Council, let alone two permanent Security Council members. Our statements and positions underscored the Biden-Harris Administration’s commitment to promoting the universality of human rights, including by addressing discrimination, inequity, and inequality in all its forms.
This session, the United States advanced human rights priorities, including:
Establishing Independent Review of the Deteriorating Human Rights Situation in Russia: The United States cosponsored a resolution, led by 26 EU member states and cosponsored by over 40 countries, to create a Special Rapporteur on Russia’s domestic human rights situation. The Russian government’s domestic repression creates a dire human rights situation for everyone in Russia and facilitates disinformation that enables Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. The resolution expresses grave concern regarding the deteriorating human rights situation in Russia – including severe restrictions on freedoms of expression and peaceful assembly – and establishes a Special Rapporteur to ensure independent review.
Calling for HRC Debate on Xinjiang: The United States and over 35 cosponsors tabled a decision to discuss the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights’ (OHCHR) assessment of the human rights situation in Xinjiang at HRC 52 in March 2023. This is the first time since the Council’s founding that a member pursued formal action to address the human rights situation in the PRC. The decision was defeated by a narrow margin but underscored concerns about the serious human rights concerns raised in the OHCHR’s recent independent assessment. This decision’s defeat is a loss for the millions of victims from Xinjiang whose experiences deserve a discussion by the Council. Despite this, we will continue our efforts to address the human rights situation in Xinjiang as well as other human rights issues in the PRC.
Strengthening the Mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Afghanistan: The United States cosponsored this resolution and collaborated with EU member states and other likeminded partners to renew and strengthen the capacity of the Special Rapporteur on the situation in Afghanistan, to include documentation, preservation, and reporting of abuses, particularly affecting women, girls, and minorities.
Supporting the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia: The United States cosponsored the resolution to ensure continued Council attention on the human rights situation in Ethiopia and to renew the mandate of the international commission of human rights experts on Ethiopia created last year. We continue to press the Government of Ethiopia to cooperate with this commission and allow its members unhindered access to conduct their work. Any lasting solution to the conflict must involve comprehensive and inclusive transitional justice for victims and accountability for those responsible for human rights abuses and violations.
Promoting Reconciliation and Addressing Corruption and Impunity in Sri Lanka: As a member of the core group, the United States cosponsored the resolution for continued Council engagement with the Government of Sri Lanka during this time of economic crisis, including supporting the need for accountability for past abuses and those committed during the recent political turmoil as well as monitoring and reporting on the situation in the country. The human rights of all Sri Lankans must be upheld. Strengthening protection and respect of human rights goes hand-in-hand with political and economic reform.
Continuing to Shine Light on Ongoing Violations and Abuses in Syria: As a member of the core group, the United States joined the Council in once again calling international attention to the ongoing abuses and violations in Syria, primarily those committed by the Assad regime. The Council called on the regime to release all of those arbitrarily detained; end torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment; and provide answers for the missing. We welcome UN Secretary General Guterres’s August 30 report on missing persons in Syria and are committed to working with partners to seek justice and address the issue of the missing.
Renewing the Mandate of the UN Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela: The United States cosponsored the resolution to renew the mandate of the Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela, which plays a vital role in the international community’s efforts to hold the Maduro regime accountable for human rights abuses in Venezuela.
Indigenous Issues: The United States co-sponsored two resolutions on the rights of indigenous peoples. The first resolution renewed the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of Indigenous Peoples and a second resolution outlined substantive considerations on human rights and Indigenous Peoples.
Contemporary Forms of Slavery: The United States cosponsored the resolution to renew the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences.
Advancing Racial Equity and Justice and Combating Antisemitism: The United States delivered national statements supporting the work of the Permanent Forum on People of African Descent and the International Independent Expert Mechanism to Advance Racial Justice and Equality in Law Enforcement, as well as a statement reiterating our steadfast commitment to countering racial discrimination and injustice, wherever it occurs. We also signed onto a joint statement led by Austria, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic on combating antisemitism and countering online hate speech.
Cosponsored Resolutions: The United States cosponsored 23 resolutions, including the resolutions on Arbitrary Detention, Cyberbullying, World Programme for Human Rights Education, Physical and Mental Health, Older Persons, Universal Periodic Review, Youth and Human Rights, National Human Rights Institutions, Local Government and Human Rights, Neurotechnology, Promoting International Cooperations to Support National Mechanisms, the Role of Good Governance in the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Transitional Justice, and the Role of Prevention in the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, as well as the human rights situations in Afghanistan, Burundi, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Russia, and Venezuela.
Joint Statements: The United States signed onto joint statements regarding several human rights situations, including a statement on Crimea which condemned Russia’s continued occupation and the unjustified full-scale war against Ukraine, a statement expressing deep concern about the rising levels of violence in Haiti, a statement condemning the violent protests in Iran and calling for an end to the discrimination against women, a statement calling attention to the deteriorating human rights situation in Nicaragua; and a statement calling for independent and impartial monitoring and reporting on the situation in Yemen. The United States also joined statements on the Responsibility to Protect; Special Procedures, including promotion of Standing Invitations to all Special Procedures, the Elimination of Sexual Harassment, Antisemitism; Russia’s Filtration Operations and Forced Deportations of Ukrainian Civilians; and Technology and Peace.
Side Events:
Across resolutions, national and joint statements, side events, and interactive dialogues, the United States advanced efforts to increase equity and inclusion, including regarding women and girls in all their diversity, internally displaced persons, LGBTQI+ persons, persons with disabilities, indigenous persons, members of ethnic and religious minority groups, and members of other marginalized and vulnerable groups.